第6章 启蒙时代

2. Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)
Daniel Defoe, novelist and political journalist, wrote The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner. He is considered one of the greatest fiction writers of 18th-century England.
Ⅲ. English Literature
1. Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
Pope was the great poet and verse satirist of the 18th century. He represented the rationalistic neoclassical tendency in literatuure and has often been called the spokeman in verse of the Age of Reason.
Ⅳ. German Literature and Philosophy
3. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)
Schiller, the German dramatist, poet, historian and aesthetic theoretician, ranks as one of the freatest of German literary figures. He was a founder of modern German literature. He and his contemporary Goethe are the chief representatives of German classicism.
Ⅲ. English Literature
3. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
Jonathan Swift, churchman, political writer and poet, is the foremost satirist in the English language and one of the satiric masters of all time. His works transcends the limitations of time and place. Works: a. A Modest Proposal b. Gulliver’s Travels
DIVISION SIX
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Ⅰ. General Introduction
1. Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by Church or State. The Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.
2. Voltaire (pseudonym of Jean François Arouet, 1694-1778)
Voltaire, the French poet, dramatist, historian, and philosopher, was an outspoken and aggressive enemy of every injustice such as tyranny, bigotry, cruelty, but especially of religious intolerance. Works: a. Letters Anglaise b. Candide
Ⅱ. French Philosophy and Literature
4. Denis Diderot (1713-1784)
Diderot, the 18th century French philosopher and man of letters, is best known as the editor of the Encyclopédie.He made many contributions in the fields of philosophy and ethics, dramatic and aesthetic theory, literary criticism, diction, scientific speculation and politics. Works: a. Philosophical Thoughts b. Letters on the Blind c. Encyclopédie d. Elements of Physiology e. Rameau’s Nephew
Ⅱ. French Philosophy and Literature
1. Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
Montesquieu, the jurist, satirist, and political and social philosopher, was the first Persian Letters associated with the Enlightenment. Works: a. Persian Letters b. The Spirit of the Laws
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Ⅳ. German Literature and Philosophy
1. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781)
Lessing---a philosopher, dramatist, and critic---was the first German dramatist of lasting importance and the most brilliant representative of the German Enlightenment. Works: a. Minna von Barnhelm His most brilliant dramatic work, a landmark in 18th-century German drama---its first successful comedy and its first truly national drama. b. Nathan the Wise c. Laocoon d. Hamburgische Dramaturgie
2. Historical Context
The first half of the 18th century was an age of relative peace, security and optimism. But the 1750s saw the world turning toward s period of turbulence, full of ideological, political, social and economic revolutions.
Ⅳ. German Literature and Philosophy
2. Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
Geothe was the greatest of all German poets and the outstanding figure of world literature since the Renaissance. He made important contributions to every branch of writing. Apart from being a literary figure, he was also a journalist, painter, theatre manager, statesman, scientist, etc. Works: a. The Sorrows of Young Werther he wrote an epistolary novel tells a sentimental story of love and suicide. b. Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship c. Wilhelm Meister’s Travels d. Faust e. Poetry and Truth
4. Samuel Richardson (1689-1761)
Samuel Richardson, novelist, is often called the founder of the English domestic novel. His type of novel is called the epistolary novel. His works: Pamela; Clarissa
Ⅲ. English Literature
5. Henry Fielding (1707-1754)
Henry Fielding, novelist, dramatist, and essayist, was called by Sir Walter Scott the “Father of the English novel”. His works: The history of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his Friend, Mr.Abraham Adams The history of Tom Jones, a Foundling