高中伴随状语解析
名校版高考高中英语长难句分析详解 现在分词作伴随状语
名校版高考高中英语长难句分析详解现在分词作伴随状语The man then gave his wife the flower, telling her whom it was from.语法/单词/短语1.本句是主从复合句。
主句是过去时态，现在分词作句子状语，状语中含有一个whom引导的宾语从句。
2.参考翻译：然后，那个男人把花给了妻子，并告诉她这是谁送的。
3.主句采用的主谓宾（双宾语）的结构，his wife是间接宾语，the flower是直接宾语。
4.现在分词telling作句子状语，和主语the man存在逻辑关系，表示的是伴随状态。
现在分词在句子中可以作状语，可以表示主句的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的、结果等。
5.状语中带的这个whom宾语从句，是telling的逻辑直接宾语，her是逻辑间接宾语。
连接代词whom代替的送花的人，是一个人，所以代词用whom，为什么不是who呢？因为这个人在从句中是作宾语，还原后是：it（the flower）was from whom.6.之前承诺过要讲一讲动名词和现在分词的区别，正好今天讲到了现在分词作伴随状语，就借这个机会说一下：现在分词在英语中叫the present principle,而动名词叫gerund，虽然长得一样，但确实用法不一样。
说到这个，不得不说一下非谓语动词，英语是结构语言，一个句子只能有一个谓语，由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词）构成，所以当句子中有其他的动作表达需要的时候，就需要出动从句（从句是句子里面就可以再出现主谓宾补等成分，只不过是从属于主句的，说白了就是被降了一级）和非谓语动词，有动词属性但不是谓语，其中包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
动名词顾名思义，动词变过来的名词，名词能作的成分它都能做，比如作主语、宾语、表语。
现在分词也可以顾名思义一下，现在指得是动作的状态，是正在进行的，分词怎么分呢？分成两种用法，一种是动词属性，一种是形容词属性，所以现在分词除了表示这个动作和逻辑主语之间的正在进行关系以外，还可以做形容词用。
高中语法-伴随状语
高中语法 —— 伴随状语Ⅰ 伴随状语的定义:状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：从句动作或状态是伴随着主句谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
---He sat in the armchair ，reading a newspaper .他坐在扶手椅里读报。
--All night long he lay awake ，thinking of the problem .他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
Ⅱ 伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。
伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。
Ⅲ 伴随状语几种表示方法一、-- With production up by 60％，the company has had another excellent year ．产量增涨了60％，公司又是一个盈利年。
--．He soon fell asleep with the candle still burning ．蜡烛还亮着，他很快就睡着了。
-- She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears ．他独自一人坐在那儿，眼里充满了泪水。
with ＋宾语＋ 宾补 现在分词过去分词形容词 副词 介词短语二、独立主格结构+分词名词形容词副词代词动词不定式介词短语--- Mr．Smith flew to New Y ork this morning，his assistant to join him there this Saturday．今天早上史密斯先生坐飞机去了美国，他的秘书星期六和他在那儿见面。
-- He was lying on the grass，his hand scrossed under his head．他躺在草地上，头枕双手。
人教版高中英语必修 4 unit 4语法精讲精练--- 分词作定语和状语
必修 4 unit 4语法精讲-----分词作定语和状语一、作定语。
单个的分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面，但是如果修饰some/any/no/every+thing/body/one 或者指示代词those时，分词应在其后。
分词短语作定语时应放在所修饰词的后面。
在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
例如：I have no teeth left.Anyone swimming will be punished.The question being discussed in the meeting is very important.There are a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.二、作状语。
分词在句中作状语时表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果或让步等，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。
分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。
分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果与句子主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。
①时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。
现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。
如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。
过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。
分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复②原因状语：分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。
语法：高中英语句子成分详细解析(教你如何分解英语句子)
英语句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 详细解析什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词）1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢？6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
高中英语---独立主格结构
独立主格结构独立主格结构是由名词或代词，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、介词短语或不定式构成的。
该结构意思完整，但不能单独使用，可以在句中作状语，用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等，一般都有逗号与主句分开。
该结构中，being或having been有时可以省去，但在there be句型中或逻辑主语是代词时一般不省。
一、时间：The moon appearing, they went out for a walk. 月亮出来了，他们到外面去散步。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议结束，他们都回家了。
Hello said, he reached out his hand. 打过招呼，他就把手伸了出来。
The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The meeting gone over, everyone tried to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
Goodbye said, the little boy as well as his classmates left school and went home happily. 告辞之后，小男孩和他的同学一起高高兴兴地回家了。
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决定已经做出，下个问题就是怎样制订好的计划。
Their work done, the workers left the factory. 活干完之后，工人们离开了工厂。
The meeting over, the officials came out. 会议结束之后，官员们出来了。
The speech having been delivered，a lively discussion started．演讲结束后，就开始了热烈的讨论。
高中英语语法填空之非谓语动词作状语和补语
语法填空之非谓语动词作状语和补语1．分析逻辑关系(1)作状语：①表目的、出乎意料的结果或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；②表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词/过去分词；③表自然而然的结果用现在分词。
(2)作补语：根据具体结构用(to) do/doing/done①如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，且表正在进行，用doing。
②如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系，且表完成，用done。
2．牢记5种用法①不定式作宾补：allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、expect、forbid、invite、persuade、tell等＋sb. to do sth.。
②用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词：“五”看；“三”使；“两”听；“一”感觉。
“look at/see/watch/notice/observe; make/let/have; hear/listen to; feel”＋sb.＋do sth.。
注意：但在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to，如be_made_to_do。
③have sb./sth.doing “让某人/某物一直做”；have sb./sth.done “让某人/某物被做”。
④主语＋系动词＋形容词(easy、hard、impossible、important等)＋to do⑤too＋adj./adv.＋to do或adj./adv.＋enough＋to do3.固定句型识记不定式作补语：advise sb. to do allow sb. to do ask sb. to dobeg sb. to do cause sb. to do encourage sb. to do expect sb. to do forbid sb. to do force sb. to do help sb. (to) do invite sb. to do inspire sb. to do order sb. to do permit sb. to dopersuade sb. to dorequire sb. to doremind sb.to dotell sb. to dowant sb. to dowarn sb. to dowish sb. to dowait for sb. to docall on sb. to do 号召某人去做rely on sb. to do 指望某人做某事-ing 作补语catch sb. doing 发现、撞见某人做某事find sb. doing 发现某人做某事keep sb./sth. doing 使...处于...状态leave sb./sth doing 使...处于...状态课堂练习1．On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2．You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit.3．The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice________ (improve) water quality.4．Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________ (stay) and watch. 5．They are required________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.6．Nervously ________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．7 ________ (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.8．Ordinary soap，________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 9．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs________ (take)．10.People probably cooked their food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.课后练习Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago,and has since put 1to good use,saving dozens of old tree stumps (树桩) from 2 (remove) by turning them into impressive works of art.Rizea became a woodcarver 3(complete) by accident.Three years ago,after buying himself a new chainsaw(链锯),he 4(start) “playing” with it on a block of wood.He tried carving a human face into the wood,and to his surprise,it turned out pretty good.Today,he is so good at woodcarving that his home city allows him to workhis magic on old tree stumps and so far about 40 works of art 5(create) in the local parks.“In 99% of the cases,the wood just doesn’t match my ideas,” he said in an interview.“I first have to remove all the rotten parts,and sometimes,6is left isn’t enough for my designs.”Following his recent rise to fame,Rizea has been asked by many 7 (city),including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks 8 works of art.He promises to honor their requests,but he will never repeat any of the artworks 9(find) in his home city.In spite of his obvious talent,the Romanian 10(art) recently got into an art school in order to fully master woodcarving.参考答案：1.it 2.being pletely4.started5.have been created6.what7.cities8.into9.found10.artist课后练习（二）How would you feel if you woke up and found your information in the computer—including your photos,your recent documents—no longer 1 (access)?What if you found out that they had been wiped from your computer, 2 (leave) you with nothing but heartache?Guess what?It happens to people every single day.Every day,people across the country head into their local Apple store in 3(tear),broken computer in hand,praying as they wait in line 4an expensive repair might,just might,recover the priceless,irreplaceable files.A few get lucky. 5for the rest,there’s nothing anyone can do 6(help).Hasn’t it happened to you?If your computer remains unprotected,it will,and it’s only 7matter of time.But thanks to recent breakthroughs in computer backup(备份) technology,you now have a number of options to choose from,and if you’re smart,when your computer 8(crash),you shouldn’t have any trouble 9(get) 100% of your files back that same day.I’m not talking about an external hard drive.I’m talking about an online backup solution that runs 10(quiet) inthe background on your computer.If you have one installed (安装),when your computer crashes,you’ll be just one click away from bringing your files back to life.参考答案：1.accessible2.leaving3.tears4.that5.But6.to help7.a8.crashes9.getting10.quietly。
高中句子成分 结构分析
句子成分表示一个完整概念的语言单位叫做句子。
组成句子的各个部分（单词或词组等）叫做句子成分，句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语和同位语等，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，其他为次要成分。
知识点1：主语主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1．名词作主语。
如：A tree has fallen across the road.Little streams feed big rivers.2．代词用作主语。
如：You’re not far wrong.He told a joke but it fell flat.3．数词用作主语。
如：Three is enough.Four minus three is one.4．名词化的形容词用作主语。
The old need help.5．不定式用作主语。
如：To find your way can be a problem.It would be nice to see him again.6．动名词用作主语。
如：Smoking is bad for you.Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.7．名词化的过去分词用作主语。
如：The disabled are to receive more money.The deceased died of old age.8. 介词短语用作主语。
如：To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。
From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。
9.从句用作主语。
如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.Whether we go or not depends on your father.10.句子用作主语。
高考英语必考点专题——非谓语动词(精讲深剖)(含解析)
专题10非谓语动词——精讲深剖一．单句语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。
主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
2.（2019全国I卷）Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。
根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
3.（2019全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。
根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
4.（2019全国II卷）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词。
2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义(十二)状语与词类的关系(含真题练习与解析)
2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义（十二）状语与词类的关系（含真题练习与解析）状语通常由副词及副词短语、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（短语、）名词或状语从句等构成。
用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，表示方式、原因、时间、地点、条件、方向、程度、目的、让步等如：1.The boy is standing upside down .(倒立，表示方式)动词副词作状语2.Mike was late because of his laziness.（由于懒惰，表原因）形容词介词短语作状语3.We shall arrive at school at 7 am.动词地点状语时间状语4.The old man will die if we can't send him to a hospital at once .动词条件状语从句5.I saw the children running to the north.(向北，表方向)动词6.Thank you very much.( 非常，表示程度，very 为副词，修饰副词much)动词7.My brother got up early to catch the first bus.(为了赶上首趟公交，表目的)动词副词（表程度）不定式短语做状语8.The girl greeted me though we didn't know each other.(尽管我们素不相识，表让步)动词状语从句作状语9.Please waita minute .（表时间）动词名词作状语点拨状语通常谓语所修饰的词（每句中的彩色部分）之后，或以词组形式、或以单个的词、或以从句形式构成（句中划线部分）。
真题演练找出下列句子中的状语部分1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】22.The musician along with his band members has given ten performances(演出) in the last three months.2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals have been installed by 2022 for the BeijingWiner Olympics.他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。
人教版高中英语-语法-V ing用法详解
V-ing 的时态和语态：
主动语态
被动语态
肯定
否定
肯定
否定
一 般 doing 式
完 成 having done 式
not doing
being done
not being done
not having done having been done not having been done
not any use
not any good
useless
+ doing
③ There is no + doing…
易混辨析：
动名词作主语与不定式作主语
一般来说，所作成分相同时，动名词多表一般的、抽象的行为；不定式 一般表一次性、具体的行为。
Delivering newspapers is his job.
他们不喜欢走那么多路。
Prep+doing
look forward to（渴望，盼望） be responsible for（对…负责） think of（考虑，想到） object to（反对，抗议） keep…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） excuse…for（因…而道歉） devote…to（献身于） be/get used to（习惯于） be afraid of（害怕） succeed in（成功地做）
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no littering about.
不许乱扔杂物。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
伴随状语
首先，状语是修饰性的成分，可以修饰句子也可以修饰动词，所以当它修饰动词时比较靠近动词就可以；修饰全句时，放在句首句尾都可以，通常不影响理解位置随意，所以没有后置状语这一说吧伴随状语就是状语的一种后置定语就是定语放后了，形容词充当定语成分伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
例如：①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.他坐在扶手椅里读报。
②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
伴随状语（我高中老师讲的是伴随情况状语，都差不多）可以使用分词形式The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。
The master entered the room,followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。
用with复合结构The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。
用独立主格结构The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。
用形容词Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。
Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心奋力拼搏)。
The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。
高中英语状语从句讲解
Adverbial Clauses (状语从句)状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等9种。
1．时间状语从句(adverbial clause of time)⑪时间状语从句常用连词有when，as，while，before，after，since，till（until），as soon as，hardly …when …，no so oner …than，the moment等。
⑫主句若为一般将来时(will\shall\can或祈使句)，从句要用一般现在时或现在完成时。
①I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow. 我明天回来的时候继续干。
②Please tell him about it when you see him back. 你看到他回来，就告诉他这件事。
⑬连词when，while，as都表示“当……的时候”，但有区别。
※When引导的从句中的动词，既可以是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词。
①When my father came in , I was doing my homework.②John arrived when I was cooking lunch.如果主句和从句的动作是一先一后发生的，只能使用when，先发生的动作要用完成时③When I got to the station, the train had left.※While 从句表示一段时间的动作或状态，从句动词必须是延续性动词。
④He entered the room while I was reading a book.⑤I was cooking/cooked the dinner while I was listening/listened to the piano.※当主句动作发生在从句动作过程中，且从句动作为延续性动词时，可用as,相当于When\while。
高中英语高考复习句子成分详解(共五种)
高考英语句子成分英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语（complement）和同位插入。
常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大｡这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词.副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语.不定式短语和分词短语)｡我们称之为:定语.状语一、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰.限定作用的词.短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示｡定语通常位于被修饰的成分前｡若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something.nothing);或不定式.分词短语作定语.从句作定语时,则定语通常置后｡副词用作定语时须放在名词之后｡1.形容词作定语The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔｡Tom is a handsome boy.Tom是个英俊的男孩｡There is a good boy.有个乖男孩｡数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔｡The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生｡There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩｡代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom\'s pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔｡His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆｡There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩｡介词短语作定语:The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔｡The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆｡There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩｡名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔｡It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔｡There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔｡2.副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom｡3.不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆｡There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做｡4.分词(短语)作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔｡The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的｡There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩｡5.定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔｡The boy you will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆｡There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个｡二、状语状语修饰动词.形容词.副词或全句,说明方式.因果.条件.时间.地点.让步.方向.程度.目的等｡状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间.地点.目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词.助动词.情态动词之后,动词之前｡有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'1.副词(短语)作状语The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔｡(宾语较长则状语前置)The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔｡(时间状语)2.介词短语作状语In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔｡(地点状语)Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)3.分词(短语)作状语He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔｡(表示伴随状态)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔｡(原因状语)Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿｡(原因状语)4.不定式作状语The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业｡(目的状语)To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣｡5.名词作状语Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)状语从句:时间状语从句.地点状语从句.原因状语从句.结果状语从句.目的状语从句.比较状语从句.让步状语从句.条件状语从句三、同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语｡如: We students should study hard./ (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)We all are students./ (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)四、独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)｡感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等｡肯定词:yes否定词:no称呼语:称呼人的用语｡插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等｡如:The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信,这个故事还远没结束情态词:表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语)perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等｡五、分词独立结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。
高中英语状语从句深入学习和全面复习(讲解和习题加答案)
状语从句定语：修饰名词，把名词“定住”I don’t like lazy people.I don’t like people who never keep their word.状语：修饰动作，把句子“壮大”九种状语从句：时间地点原因结果方式目的条件让步比较例：I love you ____ you love me.I love you when you love me.时间状语从句I love you where you love me.地点状语从句I love you because you love me.原因状语从句I love you so you love me.结果状语从句I love you as you love me.方式状语从句I love you in order that you love me.目的状语从句I love you if you love me.条件状语从句I love you even if you don’t love me.让步状语从句I love you more than you love me.比较状语从句一、时间状语从句【when, while , as（当）before, after, since, till, until ,as soon as, the minute, the moment,the instant,immediately, directly, no sooner...than… ,hardly...when…,scarcely...when… 】例：1.—What was the party like?—Wonderful. It’s yea rs _____ I enjoyed myself so much.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. since2.It is/has been 50 years _____________the People’s Republic of China was founded.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. since3._____ the sun rises, all the stars in the sky disappear.A. The momentB. BeforeC. TillD. For4.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _______.A. will arriveB. arrivesC. is arrivingD. is going to arrive5.Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you _____ to me.A. writeB. will writeC. are writingD. would write6.________ I saw the computer, I showed great interest in it.A. At firstB. For the first timeC. UntilD. The first time7.Why do you want a new job _____ you got such a good one already?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when答案1-7:DDABADD解析：时间、让步和条件等状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义(十二)状语与词类的关系(含真题练习与解析)
2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义（十二）状语与词类的关系（含真题练习与解析）状语通常由副词及副词短语、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（短语、）名词或状语从句等构成。
用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，表示方式、原因、时间、地点、条件、方向、程度、目的、让步等如：1.The boy is standing upside down .(倒立，表示方式)动词副词作状语2.Mike was late because of his laziness.（由于懒惰，表原因）形容词介词短语作状语3.We shall arrive at school at 7 am.动词地点状语时间状语4.The old man will die if we can't send him to a hospital at once .动词条件状语从句5.I saw the children running to the north.(向北，表方向)动词6.Thank you very much.( 非常，表示程度，very 为副词，修饰副词much)动词7.My brother got up early to catch the first bus.(为了赶上首趟公交，表目的)动词副词（表程度）不定式短语做状语8.The girl greeted me though we didn't know each other.(尽管我们素不相识，表让步)动词状语从句作状语9.Please waita minute .（表时间）动词名词作状语点拨状语通常谓语所修饰的词（每句中的彩色部分）之后，或以词组形式、或以单个的词、或以从句形式构成（句中划线部分）。
真题演练找出下列句子中的状语部分1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】22.The musician along with his band members has given ten performances(演出) in the last three months.2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals have been installed by 2022 for the BeijingWiner Olympics.他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。
高中文言文知识点讲解(名词动用、名词做状语、状语后置、定语后置)
注意
• 表示领属性的定语（如“永州之野产异 蛇”）不能后置，只有一般用来表示人或 事物的性质、状态、时间、处所、数量等 修饰性定语才能后置。
• 注意把定语后置和某些表面上相类似的语 言形式区别开来。例：
• 村中少年好事 村中少年之好事者 村中少年之好事
虫。
• 中心语+定语+者
• 居庙堂之高则忧其民， 处江湖之远则忧其君。
• 无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。 • 蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强。 • 中心语+之+定语
• 马之千里者。 • 石之铿然有声者。 • 中心语+之+定语+者
• 有一言而可以终身行之者乎？ • 缙绅而能不易其志者，四海
之大，有几人欤？ • 中心语+而+定语+者
状语后置（介宾短语后置）
• 以其无礼于晋 • 若亡郑而有益于君 • 佚之狐言于郑伯曰
延伸检测
• 至于负者歌于途，行者休于树。 翻译：至于背着东西的人在路上歌唱，走路
的人在树下休息。 • 事急矣，请奉命求救于孙将军。 翻译：请让我奉你的命令向孙将军求救。 • 且立石于其墓之门。 翻译：并且在他们的墓门立碑。 • 时作糜哺饿者于其下。 • 翻译：（善人公）时常在树下煮粥给饥民。
课后作业
• 李揆字端卿,祖籍陇西成纪人,而家于郑州, 代为冠族。
• 由是数月之间，美声上闻 • 卢循窃据广州……六月庚子，循晨造南津，
命三军入城乃食。 • 数犯法，交通贵戚，吏莫敢绳，凑按治，
杖杀之，远近称伏。
定语后置
• 定语： • 现代汉语中，定语是在名词或者
高中英语所有状语从句考点汇总
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
常见考点：1. 主句与从句的时态呼应问题；2. 连接词的选择。
3. 状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换；4. 根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；状语从句1时间状语从句定义：用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。
引导词：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since......注意：如果主句是一般将来时，从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义。
when1. when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，有时还可表示从句动作后于主句，意为“当...时候”。
2. when在be about to do...when...be doing...when...had done...when...be on one’s way...when...be on the point of doing...when...等结构中，作“那时突然”讲。
3. 表示意义a. “既然、鉴于；b. 尽管，虽然（位于主句之后）；c. 如果。
while1. 表示“当...时候”，引导的动作必须是延续性的。
2. 用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”。
3. 引导让步状语从句，相当于although,意为“虽然”，位于主句前。
4. 引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as，意为“只要”。
as1. 表示“当...时候”，强调同时发生，不指先后。
2. 说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，表示“随着”，表示时间的推移。
3. 表示“一边...一边...”。
4. 强调两个动作紧接着发生。
5. 表示“虽然，尽管”。
高中英语2025届高考读后续写常用with复合结构知识讲解
高考英语读后续写常用with复合结构“with复合结构”即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，多用作原因状语或伴随状语，起到修饰句子的作用，使句子表达更形象，更生动。
1.with+ n./pron.+to do （表将要）The newly-elected president is having a hard time with a lot ofproblems to settle.有许多问题要解决，新当选的总统正处于水深火热中。
With too much homework to do, I have no time to do what I like to do.有太多家庭作业要做，我没有时间做我喜欢做的事。
With no one to turn to for help, she was in despair.没有人可以寻求帮助，她很绝望。
With no one to talk to, John felt depressed.没有可以说话的人，约翰感到很抑郁。
2.with+n./pron.+-ing分词 (表主动，进行)With time going by, he realized how much his father loved him.随着时间的推移，他意识到了父亲是多么爱他。
The day was bright，with a fresh breeze blowing.阳光明媚，微风和煦。
With the clear moon shining straight overhead，it was nearly as bright as day.皓月当空，明亮如白昼。
With the College Entrance Examination approaching, thestudents devote all their time to preparing for it.随着高考临近，学生们投入所有时间为之准备。
名校高考高中英语语法难点 独立主格结构
名校高考高中英语语法难点独立主格结构独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句1.独立主格结构作时间状语When it stopped raining, we come back to the place immediately.省略连词，谓语动词变成Ving：it stopping raining, we come back to the place immediately.雨停了之后，我们立即返回到这个地方。
2.独立主格结构作条件状语If you study harder, you would make progress.省略连词，谓语动词变成Ving：you studying harder, you would make progress.如果你再努力一些，会有进步的。
2.独立主格结构作原因状语Because it was cold outside, she stayed inside all day long.省略连词，谓语动词变成Ving：it being cold outside, she stayed inside all day long.因为天气寒冷，她一整天都待在屋里。
3.独立主格结构作伴随状语As the wind howled , she walked fast to the bus station.省略连词，谓语动词变成Ving: The wind howling , she walked fast to the bus station.狂风怒吼，她飞快地向公交车站走去。
通过以上几个例子我们可以发现独立主格结构作状语时，其从句主语和主句主语不一致；而非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
As引导限制性定语从句@As引导限制性定语从句中，as 多和such或the same连用，构成such....as结构（“such+an+adj. +名词＋as. . . ”或“such+adj. +名词（复数或不可数）＋as. . . ”）或者the same....as结构用法，as既可以指代人，也可以指代物1.as指代人，在定语从句中作主语Such writers as were invited to attend are very creative.那些应邀出席的作家都极富创造力。
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伴随状语定义1.伴随就是陪衬，可有可无，若去掉后，也是完整的句子。
2.状语可修饰动词（初中）；状语也可修饰句子（高中）3.伴随状语还可表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步和方式一、分词1. 现在分词Chatting with Tom, I had a lot of fun in the pub.（原因）Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.（原因）He lay on the grass, looking into the sky.（伴随）Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.（时间）现在分词做状语：1)现在分词与句子主语之间构成_______关系2)现在分词可在句子中充当时间、原因、条件、伴随等状语3)现在分词做状语，可在前面加上when, if , unless, although等连词，使句义更明确。
Question1 ：句子的主语？谓语？伴随状语？从句中的现在分词与本句主语的关系？表时间：Walking down the street, I ran to Sue.Climbing to the top the mountain, we saw a magnificent view.＊特别强调同时发生，可用上when/while：While( when) flying over the English Channel, the pilot saw the Atlantic Ocean.表原因，可放句首或句末：Being sick, I stayed at home.Living in the country, we had few social engagements.表让步：Although knowing all this, they still made me pay for the damage.表结果：It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.The child fell, striking his head against the door.表方式：He stood, leaning against the wall.（伴随）Question2 ：以上都是同时发生或时间相隔很短发生的动作，那么如何表示相隔时间较长的前后两种动作呢?＊用现在分词的完成时态表示时间前后或因果关系，某种动作发生在真正的谓语动作之前。
Having noted down our names and address, the policeman dismissed us.以上doing与having done 皆属于现在分词伴随状语的主动语态，是因为主句的主语也是伴随状语的主语.Question3 ：那如果主语与动词间的被动关系呢?2. 过去分词＊找出下列句子的主语：1）Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.2）Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).3）Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart.(让步)某些过去分词作状语表状态，常见的有:lost 迷路，丢失lost in deep thought陷入深思absorbed in 专心于dressed in 穿着…tired of 厌倦于…worried about 担心…based on基于/建立在…的基础上Summary3:过去分词作状语,有时可以在其前边加上when, while, if, unless, although, once等连词，以起到强调的作用，使句意更加明确。
(When) Asked what had happened, he kept silent.(If) Given more time, we would be able to do it better.(Although) Left alone at home, the little boy didn’t feel afraid at all.二、with 结构with作伴随状语，或说明造成某一局面的原因。
至于是用现在分词，还是过去分词得看与主句主语的关系是被动或主动。
with time passing by随着时间的流逝He sat on the chair with his eyes closed.他坐在椅子上,眼睛闭着.with 的复合结构可以分以下几种:1.with + 名词+ 形容词／副词：表处于一种状态.He often sleeps with windows open.他经常开着窗户睡觉.There is a temple with no table in.2.with +名词+ 介词短语.The teacher came into the classroom with a book under his arm.3.with + 名词+ 现在分词.这种结构表动作的主动和正在进行.The old woman left her house with water running.4.with + 名词+ 过去分词,这种结构表被动和已完成.The thief was taken to the police station with his hands tied to his back.5.with + 名词+ 不定式,这种结构表动作的将来式.The manager has been busy these days with a lot of work to do .三、独立主格结构的讲析1.概念：有时一个名词/代词+ 一个其他结构，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列句，人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构。
2.独立主格的结构1）名词／代词+ doingRiver rising, they had to left for safety.2）名词／代词+ to doMuch work to do, they had to work for extra hours.3）名词／代词+ doneAll the work done, they went for lunch.4）名词／代词+ adj.／adv.He entered the room, his nose red with cold.He was lying in bed, light on.5）名词／代词+ 介宾短语He walked in, cane in hand.在这种结构中，名词／代词在逻辑上是后一部分的主语，这种结构在句子中只能作状语。
注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with，构成with +复合宾语结构。
如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted.You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.He left the bathroom, with the water running.四、形容词短语做伴随状语：形容词短语做伴随状语时，通常表状态。
例如：1．Full of apologies，the manager approached us．经理向我们走来，嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话。
2．He was too excited，unable to say a word．他太激动了，一句话也说不出来。
3．He stared at the footprint，full of fear．他盯着脚印，满心恐惧。
单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态，不表动作。
例如：1．He sat there，silent．他一声不响地坐在那儿。
2．Breathless，she rushed in through the back door．穿过后门，他气喘吁吁地冲了进来。
3．He went to bed，cold and hungry．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。
4. Confident of the victory, the players are fighting hard.运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心，奋力拼搏。
Question4:什么时候可以省略?怎么省略?在含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。
伴随状语出现的条件由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。
伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。
伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法：一、使用分词形式The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。
The master entered the room, followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。
二、用with 复合结构The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。
The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人们下班了，一路有说有笑)。
三、用独立主格结构Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。
伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
例如：①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。
②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
伴随状语的判断The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语（现在分词表主动过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。