职称英语考试题库-2014年新版职称英语考试宝典(理工类B级)

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职称英语考试理工类(B级)试题及题解

职称英语考试理工类(B级)试题及题解第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相对应的位置上。

1 It is obvious that he will win the game．A likelyB possibleC clearD strange2 There is no risk to public health．A pointB dangerC chanceD hope3 Did anyone call me when was out?A inviteC answerB nameD phone4 It took us along time to mend the houseA buildB destroyC designD repair5 I d on’t quite follow what she is saying．A believeB understandC explainD accept6 We can no longer put up with his actionsA bearB acceptC supportD oppose7 Loud noises can be irritating．A confusingB interestingC stimulatingD annoying8 That player is eternally arguing with the refereeA desperatelyC eventuallyB constantlyD extensively9 The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan.A unclearB firmC shortD neat10 Gambling is lawful in Nevada.A popularB boomingC legalD profitable11 These are their motives for doing it.A reasonsB excusesC answersD plans12 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends13 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption14 These programmes are of immense value to old people.A naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous15 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect第2部分：阅读判断 (第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)阅读下面这篇短文.短文后列出了7个句子.请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断.如果该句提供的是准确信息.请在答题卡上把A涂黑：如果该句提供的是错误信息.请在答题卡上把B涂黑：如果该句的信息文章中没有提及.请在答题卡上把C涂黑.The Smog(烟雾)For over a month. Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the countrySuffered its worst drought for 50 years . Smoke form the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging overneighbouring countries including Malaysia．Singapore and Thailand When the smoke combined with pollution fromfactories and cars．it soon became poisonous(有毒的)．Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose．People wheezed f喘息)and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately．The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot(烟灰)covered everything．In some areas，water washosed(用胶管浇)from high—rise citybuildings to tIY and break up the smog．Finally，heavy rains，which came in November，put out the fires and cleared the air．But the environmental costs and health problems will remain．Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities aireadv suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes(汽车排放的废气)and factorypollution．Breathing problems could well increase and manynon-sufferers may have difficulties for血e firsttime．Wildlife has suffered too．In lowland forests，elephants，deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog．But smog is not just an Asian problem．In fact，the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog．Fog often hung over the capital．Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents．About 4，000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.16 Indonesia was in crisis because of the drought．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 The smog spread to neighbouring countries．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 The airpollution index went up t0 300 within a few days．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Water was used to try to break up the smog．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Many Indonesians blamed the government for the drought．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 The forest animals haven’t been affected by the smog．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 The word“smog”first appeared in 1952．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned。

2014职称英语考试理工B真题及答案

Underground Coal Fires a Looming CatastropheCoal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned, these large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest first, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA, But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not cause to55 disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large 60volumes of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, cand agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to 62protect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed aheat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.。

2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(一)

职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(一)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题We derive knowledge mainly from books.A depriveB obtainC descendD trace【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 根据句意(我们主要从书本上获得知识)判断B(获得)是答案。

depdve-vt“剥夺，使丧大”；descend vi“下来，下降”：trace n．“痕迹，踪迹，微量； vt描绘，追踪。

”第2题We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities.A dangerousB doubtfulC activeD easy【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 该句含义是“我们都认为他是个个性很活跃的人。

”dynamic adj“动力的，动态的，牛气勃勃的”；active adj“积极的，现行的，活动的，活跃的”；doubtful adj“可疑的，不确的”；easy adj“容易的，舒适的，宽裕的，从容的”；adv．“不费力的，轻松”。

第3题The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.A motivateB combineC compactD nominate【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 根据句意(当地的政府决定把两家公司合并成一家公司)判断B“(使)联合”是答案。

motivate v“激发”；compact adj．“紧凑的，紧密的，简洁的”；nominate vt“提名，推荐，任命”。

2014年职称英语考试用书(理工类B级整理版)

The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse.
练习：
1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(五)

职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(五)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years.A. dreadfulB. badC. unpleasantD. poor【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] appalling表示条件之差使人感到吃惊，dreadful有类似的意思。

注意：appalling conditions包含bad(糟糕的)或unpleasant(令人不快的)或poor(贫困的)的意思，但反向的包含是不成立的。

第2题Jack is a diligent worker.A. ambitiousB. lazyC. hardworkingD. clever【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] diligent和hardworking都表示“勤奋的、努力的”；ambitious：雄心勃勃的、有野心的；lazy：懒惰的；clever：聪明的。

第3题These old buildings are gorgeous.A. ridiculousB. lovelyC. magnificentD. peculiar【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] gorgeous：极好的、壮丽的；lovely：可爱的、美丽的；ridiculous：可笑的；peculiar：奇特的、奇怪的。

相比之下，magnificent最接近gorgeous。

第4题Their interpretation was faulty.A. wrongB. ambiguousC. unclearD. unbelievable【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] faulty和wrong同义：有错误的、有毛病的；ambiguous：歧义的、模棱两可的；unclear：不清楚的；unbelievable：不可信的。

2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(八)

职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(八)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide scope of topics they were interested in.A. extentB. numberC. collectionD. range【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 会议上双方就感兴趣的许多话题交换了意见。

extent程度，如：To a great extent you are right. 你在很大程度上是对的。

number数量，如：the number of students学生的数量。

collection收藏，系列，如：Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole?这批收藏品是零卖还是一起卖?range范围，最符合题意，如：Fire Dragons now correctly within range.现在在范围里正确点燃火龙。

第2题The tomato juice left a brown stain on the front of my jacket.A. trackB. traceC. spotD. point【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 番茄汁在我夹克前面留下了一个污迹。

track为足迹，如：wolves' tracks，狼的足迹。

trace痕迹，如：Did the police find any trace ofthe murderer?警方找到凶手的行踪了吗?spot污点、斑点，最符合题意。

2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(六)

职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(六)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题What dreadful experience she has been through!A. terribleB. wonderfulC. niceD. cold【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 她经历了多可怕的事情啊!dreadful恐怖的。

terrible可怕的。

最符合题意。

如：a terrible scene可怕的一幕。

wonderful美好的。

如：a wonderful day美好的一天。

nice好的。

如：a nice person.好人。

cold冷的。

如：a cold winter.寒冷的冬天。

第2题Everyone aboard the plane perished in the air crash.A. survivedB. disappearedC. diedD. left【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 飞机上的每个人都死于这场空难。

perish死去。

survive生存。

如：They both survived the fierce competition. 他们俩在残酷的竞争中存活。

disappear消失。

如：The sound disappeared gradually. 声音逐渐消失。

die死亡。

最符合题意。

如：He died of cancer. 他死于癌症。

leave离开。

如：He left the city ten years ago. 他十年前离开这座城市。

第3题They used to stroll along the river bank, laughing and chatting.A. walkB. runC. sitD. play【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 他们过去常漫步在河边，边说边笑。

2014年职称英语(理工类B级)模拟试题及答案

2014年职称英语(理工类B级)模拟试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)1 These are their motives for doing itA reasonsB excusesC answersD plan2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption4 These programmes are of immense value to old people.A naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA cooperatingB competingC combiningD arguing7 He is determined to consolidate his powerA strengthenB controlC abandonD exercise8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problemsA solving C settlingB exploring D handling9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habitsA removedB curedC worsenedD relieved10 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functions C motionsB faults D parts11 The food is insufficient for three people.A instantB infiniteC inexpensiveD inadequate12 Thousands of people perished in the storm.A diedB sufferedC floatedD scattered13 But in the end he approved of our proposalA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimatelyD necessarily14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A evaluationB efficiencyC productionD publicity第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)ComputersBefore the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States ——one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.16 Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shopA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A RightB WrongC Not mentionedA RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington,D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.4. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection (检测) and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.23 Paragraph 2__________. 24 Paragraph 3__________. 25 Paragraph 4__________. 26 ParagraphA Study of SoundB Highway PoliceC Working PrinciplesD Early Use of "Radar"E Useful ToolsF Discovery by Chance27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to__________.28 Ultrasonic device were used to__________.29 Police use radar on highways to__________.30 Radar helps pilots to__________.A detect nearby objectsB determine the depth of the ocean waterC decide how fast you driveD stop passing shipsE map the ocean floorF observe water flow第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)第一篇Ocean Noise PollutionSome scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in. oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼).A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed (出血) and become infected (感染).Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels. They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?A The sound of a car.B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution.D The sound of steps.32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT__________.A sounds made by animals themselves.B ocean drilling.C underwater earthquakes.D the breaking of ice fields.,33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.34 Which of the following is true of whales?A They won't be confused by noises.B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.第二篇Lifetime Employment in Japanese CompaniesIn most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the company - the consequence of lifetime employment - may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.A leaves his company only when business is bad.B gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.C can work there throughout his career,D can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A Family and company interests are equally importantB The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.C One's future is guaranteed through hard work.D Devotion to one's company is encouraged……38 Lifetime employment influences one's__________.A achievements at work.B performance at work.C career options.D attitude toward work.39 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.A his marriage with the daughter of the president.B the close link between him and his company.C his willingness to work overtime.D his active participation in quality control,40 The passage mainly discusses__________.B what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.C what lifetime employment is.D how lifetime employment is viewed.第三篇Dreams of FlightThe story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself. According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly. He and his son had been kept on an island. In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (2) into which he stuck bird feathers. During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax. He was drowned in the sea. The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly. But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death. The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone. It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century. He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water. Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight. He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres (空心球). ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter (直径) and made of very thin copper. But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped (摆动) their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same. So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented. Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines. It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed - man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?A He killed the guards and got out of the island.B A god came to rescue him and took him away.C His son came to rescue him and took him away.D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.43 The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.A a Greek.B an Englishman.C a Chinese.D an Italian.44 The priest failed to build the boat because__________.A he could not raise enough money.B his design was not scientific.C he could not find enough copper.D copper spheres could not be made as designed45 According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.A he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.C they were made of heavy metal.D they were made of light feathers.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. __________(46) There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__________(47). These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.__________(48). However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.__________(49)Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.__________(50) You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans ofC The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)TransportationFor many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation (运输). Before the(51) of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes (52) to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often carried (53) 400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the "ships of the (54)."Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very (55) time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 (56). In addition, trains use special cars for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars carry heavy goods; stock cars carry animals; and tank cars carry oil.Air travel has changed, too. The earliest planes were biplanes (双翼飞机), with(57) sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air. The plane(58) sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip. It used to be (59) to fly in bad weather. In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy. Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes. Monoplanes (单翼飞机) took the(60) of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small and expensive. Only(61) people were be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Further improvements have (62) the cost of flying, and they have made air travel (63) safer than it used to be. A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour. People(64) used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65) these things are a normal part of air travel!51 A age B series C year D period52 A ought B added C used D led53 A away B as many as C out D as much as54 A desert B trains C transportation D goods56 A camels B ships C pounds D cars57 A one B three C two D four58 A wings B engines C pilots D speed59 A probable B possible C improbable D impossible60 A seat B pace C place D vacancy61 A technical B rich C those D professional62 A got rid of B raised C avoided D lowered63 A much B so C very D such64 A sometimes B occasionally C neither D never65 A But B So C Now D However1 A motive：动机;reason：理由。

2014职称英语理工b试题及答案

2014职称英语理工b试题及答案2014职称英语理工B试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据所给文章，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A. 技术进步是社会发展的关键B. 教育是提高个人竞争力的途径C. 环境保护是当前的首要任务D. 经济全球化对发展中国家有利答案：A2. 文章中提到的“可持续发展”指的是什么？A. 经济增长B. 环境保护C. 社会稳定D. 资源的合理利用和环境的保护答案：D3. 根据文章内容，以下哪个选项不是作者认为的可持续发展的要素？A. 经济增长B. 社会公正C. 环境保护D. 技术革新答案：D4. 文章中提到了哪些因素可能对可持续发展产生负面影响？A. 人口增长B. 资源枯竭C. 环境污染D. 所有以上选项答案：D5. 文章最后一段提到了哪些措施来促进可持续发展？A. 增加教育投入B. 改善基础设施C. 鼓励技术创新D. 所有以上选项答案：D二、完形填空（共20分）[文章略]61. 答案：A62. 答案：B63. 答案：C64. 答案：D65. 答案：A三、词汇与语法（共20分）71. The project was _______ due to the lack of funding.A. postponedC. resumedD. accelerated答案：B72. Despite the heavy rain, they _______ the game.A. gave upB. put offC. carried onD. called off答案：C73. The new policy will _______ the interests of the majority.A. jeopardizeB. promoteC. undermineD. neglect答案：B74. She is _______ to be the best candidate for the position.A. qualifiedB. disqualifiedC. unqualifiedD. overqualified答案：A75. The company has _______ a new marketing strategy.B. landedC. foundedD. established答案：A四、翻译（共20分）81. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得更加便利。

2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B

2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 She found me very dull．A dirtyB sleepyC lazyD boring2 The President made a brief visit to Beijing．A shortB workingC formalD secret3 He was persuaded to give up the idea．A mentionB acceptC considerD drop4 Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day．A eatsB drinksC buysD produces5 Mary just told us a very fascinating story．A strangeB frighteningC difficultD interesting6 It's a gorgeous day anyway.A lovelyB coldC normalD rainy7 Her life is becoming more diverse．A generousB humorousC variedD romantic8 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war．A broadeningB worseningC extendingD accelerating9 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice．A unableB indecisiveC readyD reluctant10 She is slender．with delicate wrists and ankles．A sickB weakC slimD pale11 With immense relief．I stopped running．A someB enormousC littleD extensive12 The scientists began to accumulate data．A collectB handleC analyzeD investigate13 Jack eventually overtook the last truck．A hitB passedC reachedD led14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance．A possibleB profitableC easyD wise15 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle．A factB mysteryC statementD game第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2014年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题六

2014年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题六第1部分：词汇选项。

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers.A. in a wayB. in due courseC. in the endD. in any case2. Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doubt.A. resultB. judgmentC. decisionD. event3. The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct.A. movementB. wordsC. principleD. behavior4. He made a considerable sum of money in real estate.A. largeB. positiveC. powerfulD. realistic5. A crowd gathered to see what had happened.A. collectedB. fixedC. dividedD. assist6. If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it.A. clarifyB. diagnoseC. evaporateD. correct7. We derive information mainly from the Internet.A. depriveB. obtainC. descendD. trace8. His sole motive was to make her happy.A. aimB. argumentC. capabilityD. pursuit9. He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert.A. bearB. hateC. likeD. criticize10. These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated.A. tenselyB. nearlyC. carefullyD. closely11. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A. playB. sendC. showD. tell12. The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.A. longB. never-endingC. boringD. extensive13. She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.A. naturalB. fatalC. tinyD. enormous14. The book made a great impact on its readers.A. forceB. influenceC. surprise15. Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.A. pleasantB. colorfulC. fashionableD. different参考答案：1.C【解析】句意：她终于嫁给了所有追求者中最执着的那个人。

【VIP专享】2014年职称英语考试(理工B级)真题及答案

D. support答案：D第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

So Many 'Earths'The Milky Way (银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life　that’s the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASA’s top　planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler　had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data　have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The　telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on　Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of　sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and　temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth’s, but no more than twice　that big . The planet also would have to orbit in a star’s habitable zone. That’s where the　surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from　studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that the　telescope could not see .The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would　define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far　away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant　past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100　Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400　days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn’t sound like a big number. It would mean,　however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a　change for life.16. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth’s.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：A18. The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B19. The Earth is planet orbiting in the Sun’s habitable zone.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：A20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：A22. This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：C第三部分：概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题　要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(七)

职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(七)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题Finding a job can be depressing and disappointing, and therefore itis important that you are prepared.A. exploitingB. frustratingC. profitingD. misleading【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 找工作的过程会让人沮丧又失望，因此有备而来很重要。

exploiting剥削的。

如：All this filled him with hatred for the exploiting classes.所有这些都使他充满了对剥削阶级的仇恨。

frustrating使人沮丧的，令人泄气的，最符合题意。

如：After two hours' frustrating delay, our train at last arrived．经过两小时令人厌烦的耽搁后，我们的火车终于到达了目的地。

profiting获利，动名词。

如：Most of the time it turns out that humans are not really profiting when they damage the environment．多数情况下的结果是，人类在破坏环境之际并没有真正受益。

misleading误导的。

如：The misleading advertisement is a trick to draw customers. 误导的广告就是诱骗消费者的花招。

第2题The people in that remote area still live on humble means because the economy there is underdeveloped.A. difficultB. modestC. arduousD. domestic【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 由于当地经济欠发达，边远地区的人生活资源依然不很丰富。

2014年职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(四)

职称英语理工类B级考试试题及答案解析(四)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题After an exchange of gunfire, the terrorist group surrendered at last.A. gave offB. gave upC. gave inD. gave away【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] surrender和give in都表示“投降、屈服”；give off：发出(气、光)；give up：放弃(念头、希望等)；give away：送掉、分发。

第2题I've always been cautious about giving people my phone number.A. afraidB. frightenedC. carefulD. rational【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] cautious和careful都表示“小心的、仔细的”；afraid：害怕的、担心的；frightened：受惊吓的、受恐吓的；rational：理性的、合理的。

第3题Everyone aboard the ship perished when it sank.A. disappearedB. survivedC. woundedD. died【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] perish和die同义，死亡；disappear：消失、失踪；survive：生还、幸存；wound：受伤。

第4题On a bright autumn day, my family went to climb the Fragrance Mountain.A. dullB. sunnyC. cloudyD. clear【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] bright在本句中的意思和sunny相同，表示“晴朗的、阳光充足的”；dull：阴暗的、灰蒙蒙的；cloudy：多云的；clear：清新的、天空万里无云的。

理工类-B级(解析版)

2014年职称英语等级考试仿真模拟试题理工类-B级第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960.A) published B) challenged C) acclaimed D) guided2. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as Al Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.A) violent criminal B) politician C) musician D) industrialist3. It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations.A) challenged B) assumed C) deducted D) decreed4. This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because of so many are being killed for their fur.A) drying up B) dying out C) being exported D) being transplanted5. The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A) slow B) noisy C) sudden D) jumpy6. During the Second World War, all important resources in the U.S. were allocated by the federal government.A) nationalized B) commandeered C) taxed D) distributed7. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.A) very strong B) very long C) very great D) very fast8. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A) elegantly B) genuinely C) intentionally D) thoroughly9. The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase.A) encouraged B) enforced C) expected D) entitled10. In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems.A) solved B) explored C) involved D) disputed11. The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.A) protection B) indication C) immunity D) danger12. The children trembled with fear when they saw the policemanA) wept B) cried C) ran D) shook13. Many economists given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A) error B) function C) attraction D) miracle14. We have got to abide by the rules.A) stick to B) persist in C) safeguard D) apply15. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A) extends B) stretches C) broadens D) traverses第二部分: 阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面的短文，短文后面列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断，如果该句提供的是正确信息，就选A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，就选B；如果该句提供的信息文章中没有提及，就选C.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ), Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud' s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Dornhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between drea ams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. 3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.练习：16. Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned17. According to Freud,people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned18. Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned19. In the past,people believed that dreams involved emotions.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned20. According to Dornhoff,babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned21. Men and women dream about different things.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned22. Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意完成句子（第23～30题, 每题1分，共8分）阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后有两项测试任务：（1）第23- 26 题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定的四段每段选择1个正确的小标题：（2）第27-30 题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

职称英语理工B历年真题-2014

2014职称英语理工B 真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1. The majority of people around here are decent.A. realB. honestC. normalD. wealthy答案：D2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. hiddenB. traditionalC. inflexibleD. official答案：C3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. furnishB. copyC. publishD. summarize答案：A4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. disappointmentC. angerD. calm答案：B5. Several windows had been smashed.A. cleanedB. replacedC. fixedD. broken答案：D6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results答案：A7. London quickly became a flourishing port.A. majorB. largeC. successfulD. commercial答案：C8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homeworkB. justiceC. modelD. act答案：D9. He led a very moral life.A. humanB. intelligentC. naturalD. honourable答案：D10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible答案：C11. It was a majic night until the spell was broken.A. timeB. charmC. spaceD. opportunity答案：B12. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. movedD. lasted答案：D13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. discoverB. proveC. considerD. imagine答案：A14. His knowledge of French is fair.A. very usefulB. very limitedC. quite goodD. rather special答案：C15. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. regulateC. opposeD. support答案：D第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2014年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题一

2014年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题一第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.These are their motives for doing it.A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends3.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption4.These programmes are of immense value to old people.A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous5.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.A.cooperatingpetingbiningD.arguing7.He is determined to consolidate his power.A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise8.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling9.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved10.And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts11.The food is insufficient for three people.A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inadequate12.Thousands of people perished in the storm.A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered13.But in the end he approved of our proposal.A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily14.For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.A.strangeplexC.personalD.funny15.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.publicity参考答案：1. A【解析】题意：这些是他们做这事的动机。

2014年职称英语考试理工B级试题及答案-精

2014年职称英语考试理工类B级试题及参考答案词汇选项：1.The majority of people around here are decent.A. realB. honestC. normalD. wealthy2.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. inflexibleB. hiddenC. traditionalD. official3.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. copyB. publishC. summarizeD. furnish4.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. disappointmentB. excitementC. angerD. calm5.Several windows had been smashed.A. cleanedB. replacedC. brokenD. fixed6.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. partsB. painsC. aspectsD. results7.London quickly became a flourishing port.A. majorB. largeC. commercialD. successful8.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. actB. homeworkC. justiceD. model9.He led a very moral life.A. humanB. intelligentC. naturalD. honourable10.His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible11.It was a magic night until the spell was broken.A. charmB. timeC. spaceD. opportunity12.His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. lastedD. moved13.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. proveB. considerC. imagineD. discover14.His knowledge of French is fair.A. quite goodB. very usefulC. very limitedD. rather special15.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. supportC. regulateD. oppose阅读判断：So Many ‘Earths’The Milky Way (银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life that’s the finding of a new study. It draws on data that came from NASA’s top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study, published in The Proceedings of the National Academyof sciences, conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth’s, but no more than twice that big. The planet also would have to orbit in a star’s habitable zone. That’s where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn’t sound like a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life.16. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similarconditions to Earth’s.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The Earth is planet orbiting in the Sun’s habitable zone.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned概括大意与完成句子：Climate Change: The Long Reach1 Earth is warming .Sea levels are rising. There’s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientist who study the environment to better gauge (评估) Earth’s future climate now argue t hat these changes may not reverse for a very long time.2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth’s surface.And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn’t slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years—and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.3 Most climate-change studies look at what’s going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet’s environment could nudge (推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach—and warm—the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a “fast fe edback”.4 Zeebe says it’s important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they’re limited. From a climate change perspective, “This century is the most important time for the next few generations, ” he told Science News. “But the world is not endin g in 2100 .” For this new study, Zeebe now focuses on “slow feedbacks.” While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life—as they relocate to more comfortable areas—are two examples of slow feedbacks.5 Zeebe gathered information from previously publishes studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramaticchanges in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5℃—for a 6℃ total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.23. Paragraph 2 ___B____24. Paragraph 3 ___C____25. Paragraph 4 ___D____26. Paragraph 5 ___F____27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in ___D___.28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach ____A____.29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ___E___.30.After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for ___B___.A. Rising of sea levelsB. Impact of burning fossil fuelsC. Fast feedbacksD. Slow feedbacksE. Unpredictability of feedback processesF.A prediction of future climate change A. the exposed ground B. a very long time C. the extra heat D. recorded history E. previously published studiesF. rapid exaggeration of impacts阅读理解：第一篇：The Mir Space StationThe Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.During Mir's lifetime, Russia spent about US$4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science. During its exis tence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437. 7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir's reputation as a space station was ruined.Mir’s setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mire was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it's time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.31. What can we learn from the passage that the Mir Space StationA. was designed to last 5 years.B. was built by Russians.C. played nost to 7 astronauts from different countries.D. was visited only by Americans.32. One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that itA. helps astronauts get close to Mars.B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment.C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive.33. What happened to Mir in 1997?A. It ran out of its fund.B. It was completely damage by fire.C. Its main computer system broke down.D. Its reputation was ruined due to power failures.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA. space exploration will not experience setbacks.B. it is difficult for other space stations to exceed Mir’s success.C. Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history.D. multinational space operations are getting more accomplishments.35.What is the author’s attitude toward Mir?A. Favorable.B. Indifferent.C. Ironic.D. Negative.第二篇：Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with high intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.36. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.37. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.38. Gardner believes thatA. children have different intelligencesB. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.39. According to Gardner, schools shouldA. promote development of all intelligences.B. test students’ IQs.C. train students who do poorly on tests.D. focus on finding the most intelligent students.40. Gardner thinks that his theory has aA. musical foundation.B. intrapersonal foundation.C. linguistic foundation.D. biological foundation.第三篇：Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smart phone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smart phone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly."The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, "says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smart phone or for sharing photos.A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midastouch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says.Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "Eye Drop solves this in aslick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.41. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______A. change our computer screen.B. focus on anything that interests us.C. get a smart phone connected wirelessly.D. move an object from screen with a glance.42. Why is a button needed?A. To minimize the cost of Eye Drop.B. To choose as many objects as possible.C. To make Eye Drop different from others.D. To select what we want.43. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______A. application of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction.B. interaction between human and computer.C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.D. generalization of Eye Drop system.44. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer use？A. They are costly.B. They are available.C. They are installed in Google Glass headset.D. They are expected to come out soon.45. What is Turner likely to study next?A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.B. How to present the system in public.C. How to get touch screen involved.D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.补全短文：The Day a language DiedWhen Candos Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too, Westez, more commonly known as Rad Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the NativeAmerican language, Catawba. Anyonne who wants to hear various songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where ,back ___46___ They are all the that is of the Catawba language The language that people used to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world’s ecology (生态).However ,few people are aware of the impact that widely spoken all over the world .Chinese ,Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages, as well, ___47___ When this happens ,hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few people die out.Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world , but more than half of them could die out within the next100 years. There are many examples. Areaki is a native languages of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so like Catawba ,Arahi will soon disappear .Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.___48___. In the American 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speaker ,also are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue___49___The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and language is dead.What does it mean when a language disappear ?When a plant or insect oranimal species dies. It is easy to understand what we’ve lost and appreciate what this means for the balance of the nature world. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language, like Red Thunder Cloud. Must be a lonely destiny, almost as strange and temble as being last surviving member of a dying species___50___A.As these language become more powerful, their use as tools f business andculture increases.B.For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique wayof seeing and describing the world.C.These languages don’t have many native speaker.D.However, he is a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina.E.Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different language, but morethan 100 of them are in danger of extinction(灭绝).F.Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart参考答案：46-50：FACDB完形填空：Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned, these large-scale __51__blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can __52__ ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting __53__ of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA, But __54__ few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not cause to __55__ and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. __56__ fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In __57__, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, __58__ analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. __59__ underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large __60__ of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the __61__ these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, cand agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to__62__.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to __63__ how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested __64__ of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices., which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to __65__ the oxygen supply.51. A. house B. underground C. sky D. water52. A. only B. even C. just D. then53. A. release B. paste C. consumption D. elimination54. A. happily B. traditionally C. surprisingly D. fashionably55. A. exchange B. regenerate C. disappear D. transfer56. A. Most B. Such C. Some D. Many57. A. comparison B. case C. time D. turn58. A. which B. who C. whose D. what59. A. Yet B. Unless C. Although D. Once60. A. data B. volumes C. figures D. images61. A. attack B. impact C. identification D. impilication62. A. develop B. relieve C. detect D. supply63. A. estimate B. experiment C. gather D. illustrate64. A. cause B. method C. treatment D. rule65. A. take up B. back up C. run out D. cut off01-15 BCABD ACDDC BDACD16-22 CABABAC23-30 ADBC BEFA31-45 ABADB DCDDC DDCDC46-50 FDCAB51-65 BBACC BACDB BCABD。