美国文学之跳蛙 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of__ Caraveras County
卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙■〔美〕马克．吐温一个朋友从东部来了信，我遵他的命去拜访了好脾气、爱絮叨的西蒙·威勒，打听我朋友的朋友列昂尼达斯·W·斯迈雷的下落。
这件受人之托的事究竟结果如何，我来做个交代。
事后我心里嘀咕，这位列昂尼达斯·W·斯迈雷是瞎编出来的，我朋友根本就不认识此人。
他准是琢磨着：只要我向老威勒一打听，就会让他联想起那个厚脸皮的吉姆·斯迈雷来，赶快打开话匣子把那些又臭又长、和我毫不相干的陈年旧事抖搂出来，把我顷死。
要是我朋友存心这么干，那他真是做对了。
我见到西蒙·威勒的时候，他正在破破烂烂的矿山屯子安吉尔那座歪歪斜斜的酒馆里，靠着吧台旁边的炉子舒舒服服地打盹。
我注意到他是个胖子，秃脑门，一脸安详，透着和气、朴实。
他站起身来问了声好。
我告诉他，朋友托我来打听一位儿时的密友，这人叫列昂尼达斯·W·斯迈雷——也就是列昂尼达斯·W·斯迈雷神父，听说这位年轻的福音传教士曾在安吉尔屯子里住过。
我又加了一句：要是威勒先生能告诉我这位列昂尼达斯·W·斯迈雷神父的消息，我将感激不尽。
西蒙·威勒把我逼到墙角，拿自己的椅子封住我的去路，然后讲了一通下面段落里那些枯燥无味的事情。
他脸上不露一丝笑意，眉头一皱不皱，从第一句起，他用的就是四平八稳的腔调，没有变过。
他绝不是生性就爱唠叨；因为他收不住的话头里透着认认真真、诚心诚意的感人情绪，这是明明白白地告诉我，按他的想法，别管这故事本身是不是荒唐可笑，他可是把讲故事当成一件要紧事来办，而且对故事里的两位主人公推崇备至，认为他们智谋超群。
我听凭他按照自己的路子讲下去，一直没有打断。
列昂尼达斯神父，嗯，列神父——嗯，这里从前倒是有过一个叫吉姆·斯迈雷的，那是四九年冬天——也许是五○年春天——不知道怎么闹的，我记不太清楚了，总归不是四九年就是五○年，因为他刚来到屯子的时候，那大渡槽还没造好呢；别的不说，要比谁最古怪，他算得上天下第一。
马克吐温《卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙》
正式语言和俚语、俗语强烈 对比，突出身份和文化反差， 达到幽默的效果
幽默的描写语言的使用
If there is a horse-race, he’d bet on it If there is a dog-fight, he’d bet on it If there is a cat-fight, he’d bet on it If there is a chicken-fight, he’d bet on it If there was two birds setting on a fence, he’d
(3)情节构造——打听Leonidas Simon的
息，变成了听wheeler无聊唠叨，出乎意
料
象征化signify
Dog——Andrew Jackson 对总统安德鲁•杰克逊进行一番冷嘲热讽 Frog——Daniel Webster 政客丹尼尔•韦伯斯特喜欢在 一些问题上不断改变立场， 就如青蛙啪嗒啪嗒跳一样。 跳蛙最后输掉了比赛， 政客丹尼尔•韦伯斯特 最后也未能当上美国总统
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故事通过一位喋喋不休的老人讲出，夹杂 着美国西部的俚语和语法，故事在展开过 程中，也透露出美国拓荒时代的生活场景。 凭借这些，马克•吐温成了用“美国味”写 作的首席人物。
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Writing style写作风格
(1)the use of native language and slang fellow-——feller wasn't——warn’t So’s—— so long as just——jest She don’t ——she doesn’t Smily said —— smiley says
我们的马克吐温_跳蛙
A pitiable guy living on betting 嗜赌为命的可怜虫
Twain grew up in Hannibal, Missouri.When he was twelve years old, his father died, he had to quit school, and his mother apprenticed him to a printer. Later, he worked for his brother, Orion, who owned the Journal, a Hannibal newspaper. This was a turning point in his life. He had the opportunity to read the newspapers that came to the office from all over the country, and he wrote some paragraphs for the Hannibal paper. After toiling as a printer in various cities, he became a master riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River, before heading west to join Orion. He was a failure at gold mining, so he next turned to journalism. While a reporter, he wrote a humorous story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, which became very popular and brought nationwide attention. His travelogues were also well-received.
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
* Fellow-feller * Yellow-yaller * Catching-ketching * Sitting-setting * Just-jest * Get-git
正式语言和俚语、俗语强烈对比，突出身份和 文化反差，达到幽默的效果
*
*Defamiliarization is the artistic technique of
an educated man from the east) presents the story of Jim Smiley,told in Simon Wheeler„s uneducated dialect.
Байду номын сангаас
*Implied author(隐含作者） *This is the main device that Twain uses to
*Humorous description
*--She‟d get well yet *--I‟ll risk two-and-a –half she don‟t. *她已经好多了/我打赌两块半她不会 *But always at the fag-end…… *(对母马以及斗狗的描写） *You never seen a frog so modest……. *(对青蛙的描写）
*Characters
*1.Narrator *“I added that if Mr. Wheeler could tell me *“I let him go on in his own way,and never
interrupted him once.”
anything about this Rev.Leonidas W.Smiley,I would feel under many obligations to him.”
15.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
15.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyBecause a friend of mine asked me, I called on good-natured, talkative old Simon Wheeler and asked him about my friend’s friend, Leonidas W. Smiley. This story is the result of that visit. I have a deep suspicion that Leonidas W. Smiley doesn’t exist; that my friend from the East never knew such a person; and that he made the request of me as a joke. I think he imagined that of I went to wheeler and asked him about Smiley, then Wheeler would make up a story and bore me to death with some terribly long, exasperating, useless table. If that was my friend’s plan, it succeeded.我的一个朋友从东部写信给我，我按照他的嘱咐访问了性情随和、唠唠叨叨的老西蒙`维勒，去打听我那位朋友的朋友，利奥尼达斯`斯迈利的下落。
我在此说说结果吧。
我暗地里有点疑心这个利奥尼达斯`斯迈利是编出来的；也许我的朋友从来不认得这么一个人，他不过揣摩着如果我向老维勒去打听，那大概会使他回想起他那个丢脸的吉姆`斯迈利，他会鼓劲唠叨着什么关于吉姆的该死的往事，又长又乏味，对我又毫无用处，倒把我腻烦提要死。
高中生经典英文小说阅读欣赏与写作系列 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Countyby Mark TwainIn compliance with the request of a friend of mine, who wrote me from the East, I called on good-natured, garrulous old Simon Wheeler, and inquired after my friend's friend, Leonidas W. Smiley, as requested to do, and I hereunto append the result. I have a lurking suspicion that Leonidas W. Smiley is a myth; and that my friend never knew such a personage; and that he only conjectured that if I asked old Wheeler about him, it would remind him of his infamous Jim Smiley, and he would go to work and bore me to death with some exasperating reminiscence of him as long and as tedious as it should be useless to me. If that was the design, it succeeded.I found Simon Wheeler dozing comfortably by the barroom stove of the dilapidated tavern in the decayed mining camp of Angel's, and I noticed that he was fat and bald-headed, and had an expression of winning gentleness and simplicity upon his tranquil countenance. He roused up, and gave me good-day. I told him a friend had commissioned me to make some inquiries about a cherished companion of his boyhood named Leonidas W. Smiley--Rev. Leonidas W. Smiley, a young minister of the Gospel, who he had heard was at one time a resident of Angel's Camp. I added that if Mr. Wheeler could tell me anything about this Rev. Leonidas W. Smiley, I would feel under many obligations to him.Simon Wheeler backed me into a corner and blockaded me there with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the monotonous narrative which follows this paragraph. He never smiled, he never frowned, he never changed his voice from the gentle-flowing key to which he tuned his initial sentence, he never betrayed the slightest suspicion of enthusiasm; but all through the interminable narrative there ran a vein of impressive earnestness and sincerity, which showed me plainly that, so far from his imagining that there was anything ridiculous or funny about his story, he regarded it as a really important matter, and admired its two heroes as men of transcendent genius in finesse. I let him go on in his own way, and never interrupted him once."Rev. Leonidas W. H'm, Reverend Le--well, there was a feller here once by the name of Jim Smiley, in the winter of '49--or may be it was the spring of '50--I don't recollect exactly, somehow, though what makes me think it was one or the other is because I remember the big flume warn't finished when he first came to the camp; but any way, he was the curiousest man about always betting on anything that turned up you ever see, if he could get anybody to bet on the other side; and if he couldn't he'd change sides. Any way that suited the other man would suit him--any way just so's he got a bet, he was satisfied. But still he was lucky, uncommon lucky;he most always come out winner. He was always ready and laying for a chance; there couldn't be no solit'ry thing mentioned but that feller'd offer to bet on it, and take any side you please, as I was just telling you. If there was a horse-race, you'd find him flush or you'd find him busted at the end of it; if there was a dog-fight, he'd bet on it; if there was a cat-fight, he'd bet on it; if there was a chicken-fight, he'd bet on it; why, if there was two birds setting on a fence, he would bet you which one would fly first; or if there was a camp-meeting, he would be there reg'lar to bet on Parson Walker, which he judged to be the best exhorter about here, and he was, too, and a good man. If he even see a straddle-bug start to go anywheres, he would bet you how long it would take him to get to--to wherever he was going to, and if you took him up, he would foller that straddle-bug to Mexico but what he would find out where he was bound for and how long he was on the road.Lots of the boys here has seen that Smiley and can tell you about him. Why, it never made no difference to him--he'd bet on any thing--the dangest feller. Parson Walker's wife laid very sick once, for a good while, and it seemed as if they warn't going to save her; but one morning he come in, and Smiley up and asked him how she was, and he said she was considerable better--thank the Lord for his inf'nit' mercy--and coming on so smart that with the blessing of Prov'dence she'd get well yet; and Smiley, before he thought, says, Well, I'll risk two-and-a-half she don't anyway.'"Thish-yer Smiley had a mare--the boys called her the fifteen-minute nag, but that was only in fun, you know, because, of course, she was faster than that--and he used to win money on that horse, for all she was so slow and always had the asthma, or the distemper, or the consumption, or something of that kind. They used to give her two or three hundred yards start, and then pass her under way; but always at the fag-end of the race she'd get excited and desperate-like, and come cavorting and straddling up, and scattering her legs around limber, sometimes in the air, and sometimes out to one side amongst the fences, and kicking up m-o-r-e dust and raising m-o-r-e racket with her coughing and sneezing and blowing her nose--and always fetch up at the stand just about a neck ahead, as near as you could cipher it down.And he had a little small bull-pup, that to look at him you'd think he warn't worth a cent but to set around and look ornery and lay for a chance to steal something. But as soon as money was up on him he was a different dog; his under-jaw'd begin to stick out like the fo'-castle of a steamboat, and his teeth would uncover and shine like the furnaces. And a dog might tackle him and bully-rag him, and bite him, and throw him over his shoulder two or three times, and Andrew Jackson--which was the name of the pup--Andrew Jackson would never let on but what he was satisfied, and hadn't expected nothing else--and the bets being doubledand doubled on the other side all the time, till the money was all up; and then all of a sudden he would grab that other dog jest by the j'int of his hind leg and freeze to it--not chaw, you understand, but only just grip and hang on till they throwed up the sponge, if it was a year. Smiley always come out winner on that pup, till he harnessed a dog once that didn't have no hind legs, because they'd been sawed off in a circular saw, and when the thing had gone along far enough, and the money was all up, and he come to make a snatch for his pet holt, he see in a minute how he'd been imposed on, and how the other dog had him in the door, so to speak, and he 'peared surprised, and then he looked sorter discouraged-like, and didn't try no more to win the fight, and so he got shucked out bad. He gave Smiley a look, as much as to say his heart was broke, and it was his fault, for putting up a dog that hadn't no hind legs for him to take holt of, which was his main dependence in a fight, and then he limped off a piece and laid down and died. It was a good pup, was that Andrew Jackson, and would have made a name for hisself if he'd lived, for the stuff was in him and he had genius--I know it, because he hadn't no opportunities to speak of, and it don't stand to reason that a dog could make such a fight as he could under them circumstances if he hadn't no talent. It always makes me feel sorry when I think of that last fight of his'n, and the way it turned out.Well, thish-yer Smiley had rat-tarriers, and chicken cocks, and tom-cats and all of them kind of things, till you couldn't rest, and you couldn't fetch nothing for him to bet on but he'd match you. He ketched a frog one day, and took him home, and said he cal'lated to educate him; and so he never done nothing for three months but set in his back yard and learn that frog to jump. And you bet you he did learn him, too. He'd give him a little punch behind, and the next minute you'd see that frog whirling in the air like a doughnut--see him turn one summerset, or may be a couple, if he got a good start, and come down flat-footed and all right, like a cat.He got him up so in the matter of ketching flies, and kep' him in practice so constant, that he'd nail a fly every time as fur as he could see him. Smiley said all a frog wanted was education, and he could do 'most anything--and I believe him. Why, I've seen him set Dan'l Webster down here on this floor--Dan'l Webster was the name of the frog--and sing out, "Flies, Dan'l, flies!" and quicker'n you could wink he'd spring straight up and snake a fly off'n the counter there, and flop down on the floor ag'in as solid as a gob of mud, and fall to scratching the side of his head with his hind foot as indifferent as if he hadn't no idea he'd been doin' any more'n any frog might do. You never see a frog so modest and straightfor'ard as he was, for all he was so gifted. And when it come to fair and square jumping on a dead level, he could get over more ground at one straddle than any animal of his breed you ever see. Jumping on a dead level was his strong suit, you understand; and when it come to that, Smiley would ante up money on him as long as he had ared. Smiley was monstrous proud of his frog, and well he might be, for fellers that had traveled and been everywheres, all said he laid over any frog that ever they see.Well, Smiley kep' the beast in a little lattice box, and he used to fetch him downtown sometimes and lay for a bet. One day a feller--a stranger in the camp, he was--come acrost him with his box, and says:"What might be that you've got in the box?"And Smiley says, sorter indifferent-like, "It might be a parrot, or it might be a canary, maybe, but it ain't--it's only just a frog."And the feller took it, and looked at it careful, and turned it round this way and that, and says, "H'm--so 'tis. Well, what's he good for?""Well," Smiley says, easy and careless, "he's good enough for one thing, I should judge--he can outjump any frog in Calaveras county."The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular look, and give it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, "Well," he says, "I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any better'n any other frog.""Maybe you don't," Smiley says. "Maybe you understand frogs and maybe you don't understand 'em; maybe you've had experience, and maybe you ain't only a amature, as it were. Anyways, I've got my opinion and I'll risk forty dollars that he can outjump any frog in Calaveras County."And the feller studied a minute, and then says, kinder sad like, "Well, I'm only a stranger here, and I ain't got no frog; but if I had a frog, I'd bet you."And then Smiley says, "That's all right--that's all right--if you'll hold my box a minute, I'll go and get you a frog." And so the feller took the box, and put up his forty dollars along with Smiley's, and set down to wait.So he set there a good while thinking and thinking to his-self, and then he got the frog out and prized his mouth open and took a teaspoon and filled him full of quail shot--filled! him pretty near up to his chin--and set him on the floor. Smiley he went to the swamp and slopped around in the mud for a long time, and finally he ketched a frog, and fetched him in, and give him to this feller, and says: "Now, if you're ready, set him alongside of Dan'l, with his forepaws just even with Dan'l's, and I'll give the word." Then he says, "One--two--three--git!" and him and the feller touched up the frogs from behind, and the new frog hopped off lively, but Dan'l give a heave, and hysted up his shoulders--so--like a Frenchman, but it warn't no use--he couldn't budge; he was planted as solid as a church, and he couldn't no more stir than if he was anchored out. Smiley was a good deal surprised, and he was disgusted too, but he didn't have no idea what the matter was, of course.The feller took the money and started away; and when he was going out at the door, he sorter jerked his thumb over his shoulder--so--at Dan'l, and says again, very deliberate, "Well," he says, "I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's anybetter'n any other frog."Smiley he stood scratching his head and looking down at Dan'l a long time, and at last says, "I do wonder what in the nation that frog throwed off for--I wonder if there ain't something the matter with him--he 'pears to look mighty baggy, somehow." And he ketched Dan'l up by the nap of the neck, and hefted him, and says, "Why blame my cats if he don't weigh five pounds!" and turned him upside down and he belched out a double handful of shot. And then he see how it was, and he was the maddest man--he set the frog down and took out after that feller, but he never ketched him. And----(Here Simon Wheeler heard his name called from the front yard, and got up to see what was wanted.) And turning to me as he moved away, he said: "Just set where you are, stranger, and rest easy--I ain't going to be gone a second."But, by your leave, I did not think that a continuation of the history of the enterprising vagabond Jim Smiley would be likely to afford me much information concerning the Rev. Leonidas W. Smiley, and so I started away.At the door I met the sociable Wheeler returning, and he buttonholed me and recommenced:"Well, thish-yer Smiley had a yaller, one-eyed cow that didn't have no tail, only jest a short stump like a bannanner, and----"However, lacking both time and inclination, I did not wait to hear about the afflicted cow, but took my leave.。
马克吐温_跳蛙_英文版_ppt
12."The Killing of Julius Caesar 'Localized'“ 13."An Item which the Editor Himself could not Understand“ 14."Among the Spirits“ 15."Brief Biographical Sketch of George Washington“ 16."A Touching Story of George Washington's Boyhood“ 17."A Page from a Californian Almanac“ 18."Information for the Million“ 19."The Launch of the Steamer Capital“ 20."Origin of Illustrious Men“ 21."Advice for Good Little Girls“ 22."Concerning Chambermaids“ 23."Remarkable Instances of Presence of Mind“ 24."Honored as a Curiosity in Honolulu“ 25."The Steed 'Oahu'“ 26."A Strange Dream“ 27."Short and Singular Rations”
I. story
The setting of the story is Angels Camp, a mining town in the west, still existing today.
The_Celebrated_Jumping_Frog分析
Narrative Mode
• First-person narrative • In a first-person narrative the story is relayed by a narrator who is also a character within the story, so that the narrator reveals the plot by referring to this viewpoint character as "I" (or, when plural, "we"). Oftentimes, the first-person narrative is used as a way to directly convey the deeply internal, otherwise unspoken thoughts of the narrator. • Second-person narrative • The rarest mode in literature (though quite common in song lyrics) is the second-person narrative mode, in which the narrator refers to one of the characters as "you", therefore making the audience member feel as if he or she is a character within the story. Another common place to see this is in preschool television shows in which characters will tell the audience to follow them, or ask the audience questions. • Third-person narrative • Third-person narration provides the greatest flexibility to the author and thus is the most commonly used narrative mode in literature. In the third-person narrative mode, each and every character is referred to by the narrator as "he", "she", "it", or "they", but never as "I" or "we" (firstperson), or "you" (second-person). In third-person narrative, it is obvious that the narrator be merely an unspecified entity or uninvolved person that conveys the story, but not a character of any kind within the story being to told.
【2】4 The Jumping Frog 卡城名蛙
The Jumping Frog(The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyandCuring A Cold)by Mark TwainContentsThe Celebrated Jumping Prog of Calaveras County (3)Chapter One:A Letter from the East (3)Chapter Two:Bets and Races (4)Chapter Three:Daniel Webster (5)Chapter Four:A Strager at Angel's camp (6)Chapter Five:The Big Bet (8)Curing A Cold (9)Chapter Six:The First Sneeze (9)Chapter Seven:The Remedies (11)Chapter Eight:The San Francisco Remedy (12)Track1:The California Gold Rush (14)Track2:Life In The Mining Camps (15)Track3:The Jumping Frog Jubilee (16)Track4:Panning For Cold (17)Track5:Are You Dressed Like A Gold Miner? (18)Track6:A City Is Born (19)Track7:San Francisco Today (20)Track8:Two Old Western Ballads (21)The Celebrated Jumping Prog of Calaveras County Chapter One:A Letter from the EastOne day a friend of mine from the East wrote me a letter.He asked me to visit an old man named Simon Wheeler.My friend wanted me to ask Simon Wheeler about a childhood companion①,Leonidas W.Smiley.I found Simon Wheeler sleeping by the stove of the old tavern②inAngel's Mining Camp.I noticed that he was fat.His face was simple and peaceful.When he woke up,I told him that a friend of mine wanted to know about a childhood companion named Leonidas W.Smiley.Simon Wheeler blocked me with his chair in a corner of the tavern.Then, very seriously,he began to tell me the story that follows.There was once a fellow③at the mining camp named Jim Smiley.It was the winter of1849or maybe the spring of1850.He was an unusual man.He always bet④money on anything that happened at the mining camp,and he usually won.Jim Smiley was a very lucky man.When there was a horse race, a dog-fight⑤,a cat-fight or a chicken-fight he always bet on them.①childhood companion：儿时玩伴。
跳蛙
Plot Structure :
• It has an "as-told-to" framework • a frame story, that is, a story within a story. The stories told by Simon Wheeler are framed by the narrator's report of looking for Leonidas W. Smiley. The story teller “I” is a listener, while the character Simon Wheeler is a story teller. • The narrator fleshed out the novel with subplots. • (Parson Walker’s wife, mare, bull-pup)
The plots of the novel
Once, Jim caught a frog and named it Dan'l Webster. For three months, he trained the frog to jump high. At the end of those three months, the frog had in fact jumped higher than any other. Jim carried the frog around in a box. One day, a stranger to the town asks Jim what is in the box of his. Jim tells that in the box is a frog that can jump higher than any other frog in Calaveras county.
跳蛙_美国文学课件
theme
The theme of "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" centers on the contrast between the narrator and Simon Wheeler. Twain satirizes, not just old miners and western hicks, but the elite educated easterners who come out west and find their training useless. The contrast between the story's main characters shows that the educated narrator looks like more of a fool than even Jim Smiley and his weighed down frog.And from the Northeast that ends up talking to a slack-jawed, western country guy and all the Northeastern guy can think about is how much he wants to get away from him. It's a clash of american East and West and Twain depicts it all so vividly. He also throws in a lot of references and commentary on famous american political figures and the like to help tie in the theme of
马克吐温_跳蛙_英文版_ppt
Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
The short-story collection The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, and Other Sketches, Twain's first book, contains twenty-seven short stories and sketches.
1. "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County“ 2. "Aurelia's Unfortunate Young Man“ 3. "A Complaint about Correspondents, Dated in San Francisco“ 4. "Answers to Correspondents“ 5. "Among the Fenians" 6. "The Story of the Bad Little Boy Who Didn't Come to Grief“ 7. "Curing a Cold“ 8. "An Inquiry about Insurances“ 9. "Literature in the Dry Diggings“ 10."'After' Jenkins“ 11."Lucretia Smith's Soldier"
He achieved great success as a writer and public speaker. Notable work The Dandy Frightening the Squatter Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,1865 (his first humorous story) The Innocents Abroad,1869 The Gilded Age,1873 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,1876 Life on the Mississippi,1883 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,1884 (Great American Novel ) The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg,1900 Born during a visit by Halley's Comet and died on its return. April 21, 1910 (aged 74) Redding, Connecticut, U.S. He was lauded as the "greatest American humorist of his age," and William Faulkner called Twain "the father of American
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Countyby Mark TwainIn compliance with the request of a friend of mine, who wrote me from the East, Icalled on goodnatured, garrulous old Simon Wheeler, and inquired after myfriend's friend, Leonidas W. Smiley, as requested to do, and I hereunto append theresult. I have a lurking suspicion that Leonidas W. Smiley is a myth; and that myfriend never knew such a personage; and that he only conjectured that if I askedold Wheeler about him, it would remind him of his infamous Jim Smiley, and hewould go to work and bore me to death with some exasperating reminiscence ofhim as long and as tedious as it should be useless to me. If that was the design, itsucceeded.I found Simon Wheeler dozing comfortably by the barroom stove of the dilapidatedtavern in the decayed mining camp of Angel's, and I noticed that he was fat andbaldheaded, and had an expression of winning gentleness and simplicity upon histranquil countenance. He roused up, and gave me goodday. I told him a friend hadcommissioned me to make some inquiries about a cherished companion of hisboyhood named Leonidas W. SmileyRev. Leonidas W. Smiley, a young ministerof the Gospel, who he had heard was at one time a resident of Angel's Camp. Iadded that if Mr. Wheeler could tell me anything about this Rev. Leonidas W.Smiley, I would feel under many obligations to him.Simon Wheeler backed me into a corner and blockaded me there with his chair,and then sat down and reeled off the monotonous narrative which follows thisparagraph. He never smiled, he never frowned, he never changed his voice from the gentleflowing key to which he tuned his initial sentence, he never betrayed the slightest suspicion of enthusiasm; but all through the interminable narrative there ran a vein of impressive earnestness and sincerity, which showed me plainly that, so far from his imagining that there was anything ridiculous or funny about his story, he regarded it as a really important matter, and admired its two heroes as men of transcendent genius in finesse.I let him go on in his own way, and never interrupted him once."Rev. Leonidas W. H'm, Reverend Lewell, there was a feller here once by the name of Jim Smiley, in the winter of '49or may be it was the spring of '50I don't recollect exactly, somehow, though what makes me think it was one or the other is because I remember the big flume warn't finished when he first came to the camp; but any way, he was the curiousest man about always betting on anything that turned up you ever see, if he could get anybody to bet on the other side; and if he couldn't he'd change sides. Any way that suited the other man would suit himany way just so's he got a bet, he was satisfied. But still he was lucky, uncommon lucky; he most always come out winner. He was always ready and laying for a chance; there couldn't be no solit'ry thing mentioned but that feller'd offer to bet on it, and take any side you please, as I was just telling you. If there was a horserace, you'd find him flush or you'd find him busted at the end of it; if there was a dogfight, he'd bet on it; if there was a catfight, he'd bet on it; if there was a chickenfight, he'd bet on it;why, if there was two birds setting on a fence, he would bet you which one would fly first; or if there was a campmeeting, he would be there reg'lar to bet on Parson Walker, which he judged to be the best exhorter about here, and he was, too, and a good man. If he even see a straddlebug start to go anywheres, he would bet you how long it would take him to get toto wherever he was going to, and if you took him up, he would foller that straddlebug to Mexico but what he would find out where he was bound for and how long he wason the road.Lots of the boys here has seen that Smiley and can tell you about him.Why, it never made no difference to himhe'd bet on any thingthe dangest feller.Parson Walker's wife laid very sick once, for a good while, and it seemed as if theywarn't going to save her; but one morning he come in, and Smiley up and askedhim how she was, and he said she was considerable betterthank the Lord for hisinf'nit' mercyand coming on so smart that with the blessing of Prov'dence she'd getwell yet; and Smiley, before he thought, says, Well, I'll risk twoandahalf she don'tanyway.'"Thishyer Smiley had a marethe boys called her the fifteenminute nag, but thatwas only in fun, you know, because, of course, she was faster than thatand heused to win money on that horse, for all she was so slow and always had theasthma, or the distemper, or the consumption, or something of that kind. They usedto give her two or three hundred yards start, and then pass her under way; butalways at the fagend of the race she'd get excited and desperatelike, and comecavorting and straddling up, and scattering her legs around limber, sometimes in theair, and sometimes out to one side amongst the fences, and kicking up more dustand raising more racket with her coughing and sneezing and blowing her noseand always fetch up at the stand just about a neck ahead, as near as you couldcipher it down.And he had a little small bullpup, that to look at him you'dthink he warn't worth a cent but to set around and look ornery and lay for a chanceto steal something. But as soon as money was up on him he was a different dog;his underjaw'd begin to stick out like the fo'castle of a steamboat, and his teethwould uncover and shine like the furnaces. And a dog might tackle him and bullyrag him, and bite him, and throw him over his shoulder two or three times, andAndrew Jacksonwhich was the name of the pupAndrew Jackson would neverlet on but what he was satisfied, and hadn't expected nothing elseand the betsbeing doubled and doubled on the other side all the time, till the money was all up;and then all of a sudden he would grab that other dog jest by the j'int of his hindleg and freeze to itnot chaw, you understand, but only just grip and hang on tillthey throwed up the sponge, if it was a year. Smiley always come out winner onthat pup, till he harnessed a dog once that didn't have no hind legs, becausethey'd been sawed off in a circular saw, and when the thing had gone along farenough, and the money was all up, and he come to make a snatch for his pet holt,he see in a minute how he'd been imposed on, and how the other dog had him inthe door, so to speak, and he 'peared surprised, and then he looked sorterdiscouragedlike, and didn't try no more to win the fight, and so he got shucked outbad. He gave Smiley a look, as much as to say his heart was broke, and it was hisfault, for putting up a dog that hadn't no hind legs for him to take holt of, which washis main dependence in a fight, and then he limped off a piece and laid down and died. It was a good pup, was that Andrew Jackson, and would have made a name for hisself if he'd lived, for the stuff was in him and hehad geniusI know it, because he hadn't no opportunities to speak of, and it don't stand to reason that a dog could make such a fight as he could under them circumstances if he hadn't no talent. It always makes me feel sorry when I think of that last fight of his'n, and the way it turned out.Well, thishyer Smiley had rattarriers, and chicken cocks, and tomcats and all of them kind of things, till you couldn't rest, and you couldn't fetch nothing for him to bet on but he'd match you. He ketched a frog one day, and took him home, and said he cal'lated to educate him; and so he never done nothing for three months but set in his back yard and learn that frog to jump. And you bet you he did learn him, too. He'd give him a little punch behind, and the next minute you'd see that frog whirling in the air like a doughnutsee him turn one summerset, or may be a couple, if he got a good start, and come down flatfooted and all right, like a cat.He got him up so in the matter of ketching flies, and kep' him in practice so constant, that he'd nail a fly every time as fur as he could see him. Smiley said all a frog wanted was education, and he could do 'most anythingand I believe him. Why, I've seen him set Dan'l Webster down here on this floorDan'l Webster was the name of the frogand sing out, "Flies, Dan'l, flies!" and quicker'n you could wink he'd spring straight up and snake a fly off'n the counter there, and flop down on the floor ag'in as solid as a gob of mud, and fall toscratching the side of his head with his hind foot as indifferent as if he hadn't no idea he'd been doin' any more'n any frog might do. You never see a frog so modest and straightfor'ard as he was, for all he was so gifted. And when it come to fair and square jumping on a dead level, he could get over more ground at one straddle than any animal of his breed you ever see. Jumping on a dead level was his strong suit, you understand; and when it come to that, Smiley would ante up money on him as long as he had a red. Smiley was monstrous proud of his frog, and well he might be, for fellers that had traveled and been everywheres, all said he laid over any frog that ever they see.Well, Smiley kep' the beast in a little lattice box, and he used to fetch himdowntown sometimes and lay for a bet. One day a fellera stranger in the camp,he wascome acrost him with his box, and says:"What might be that you've got in the box?"And Smiley says, sorter indifferentlike, "It might be a parrot, or it might be acanary, maybe, but it ain'tit's only just a frog."And the feller took it, and looked at it careful, and turned it round this way and that,and says, "H'mso 'tis. Well, what's he good for?""Well," Smiley says, easy and careless, "he's good enough for one thing, I shouldjudgehe can outjump any frog in Calaveras county."The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular look, and give itback to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, "Well," he says, "I don't see no p'intsabout that frog that's any better'n any other frog.""Maybe you don't," Smiley says. "Maybe you understand frogs and maybe youdon't understand 'em; maybe you've had experience, and maybe you ain't only aamature, as it were. Anyways, I've got my opinion and I'll risk forty dollars that hecan outjump any frog in Calaveras County."And the feller studied a minute, and then says, kinder sad like, "Well, I'm only astranger here, and I ain't got no frog; but if I had a frog, I'd bet you."And then Smiley says, "That's all rightthat's all rightif you'll hold my box a minute, I'll go and get you a frog." And so the feller took the box, and put up his forty dollars along with Smiley's, and set down to wait.So he set there a good while thinking and thinking to hisself, and then he got the frog out and prized his mouth open and took a teaspoon and filled him full of quail shotfilled! him pretty near up to his chinand set him on the floor. Smiley he went to the swamp and slopped around in the mud for a long time, and finally he ketched a frog, and fetched him in, and give him to this feller, and says:"Now, if you're ready, set him alongside of Dan'l, with his forepaws just even with Dan'l's, and I'll give the word." Then he says, "Onetwothreegit!" and him and the feller touched up the frogs from behind, and the new frog hopped off lively, but Dan'l give a heave, and hysted up his shoulderssolike a Frenchman, but it warn't no usehe couldn't budge; he was planted as solid as a church, and he couldn't no more stir than if he was anchored out. Smiley was a good deal surprised, and he was disgusted too, but he didn't have no idea what the matter was, of course.The feller took the money and started away; and when he was going out at the door, he sorter jerked his thumb over his shouldersoat Dan'l, and says again, very deliberate, "Well," he says, "I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any better'n any other frog."。
马克吐温跳蛙
Family
Don’t part with your illusions . When they are gone you may still exist , but you have ceased to live.
不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后， 你还可以生存，但是你虽生犹死。
The holy passion of Friendship is of so sweet and steady and loyal and enduring a nature that it will last through a whole lifetime, if not asked to lend money.
Get your facts first, then you can distort them as you please.
I. Life and Career
Three writing periods 1. 1865-around 1880s Period of highhearted, humorous
The Adventure of Tom Sawyer The Celebrated Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County
This was the story that launched Mark Twain into national prominence.
To this day, Calaveras County in California still holds a celebration of the jumping frog contest, their biggest event of the year.
A comic frontier western tale together with many tall tales which Mark Twain which he heard in the western mining camps in 1861
跳蛙 课件全英
Writing Style
• The comparison of native language and slang highlight the contrast of identities and status to reach humorous effect. So we can judge “I” an intellectual and Wheeler a vulgar man（粗人） from their language.
• Symbolization
1. The dog Andrew lost the game, then despairingly to die , it was an ironic for president Andrew Jackson 2. The frog Daniel Webster finally lost the game ,which symbolized that politician Andrew Jackson failed to be president
• The conversion of plot （情节突转） In horse-race ,that he won the bet by using the ill horse , and he lost the bet dog-race and frog-race is unexpected.
At the end of story Smiley came across a stranger, as usual , he insisted on betting on frog with the stranger. When he went to find another one ,the stranger open the frog’s mouth and filled it full of quail shot e bet.
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country
•
《跳蛙》用第一人称的口吻叙述,开头“我” 受朋友之托来西部矿区安吉尔,找威勒打听一个名 叫斯迈雷的人的下落,却被威勒堵在墙角,硬是听他 说了一通乱七八糟不相关的事情,最后才找机会惶 惶逃走。 • 在整个故事结构中,“我”扮演了一个被骗的 受害者的角色。先是上了朋友的当。“事后我心 里嘀咕,这位列昂尼达斯·W.斯迈雷是瞎编出来的, 我朋友根本就不认识此人”,只不过编了个恶作剧, 骗我去听威勒枯燥无味的讲述,拿我开心罢了。 • 再者上了威勒的当。威勒讲述时,“脸上不露 一丝笑意,眉头一皱不皱”,语调严肃沉闷,表面看起 来煞有介事,很可能要告诉我一件非常要紧的事情。 结果他却东扯一句,西扯一句,不停地绕来绕去,没完 没了地说些无关痛痒的事情,让“我”不知所云,最 后选择逃跑了事。
•
这位举足轻重的幽默 作家格外讲究幽默方法的 运用,在他作品中,我们经 常见到的一种就是“欺 骗”(hoax)。虽然他笔下 的哈克是一个经常说谎的 野孩子,汤姆总有想不完的 恶作剧,但这些人物并不会 使读者厌恶,反而愈加讨人 喜爱。可见,欺骗可以增加 人物形象的感染力。马 克·吐温的代表作《卡拉维 拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》(以下 简称《跳蛙》),也充分体 现了这种方法。
结尾斯迈雷被骗去四十块 ——一笔数目不小的损失 一笔数目不小的损失, 钱——一笔数目不小的损失, 看着他气急败坏的样子,读者 看着他气急败坏的样子 读者 不能不为他的愚蠢大笑。 不能不为他的愚蠢大笑。当 读者(或听众 或听众)突然发现自己被 读者 或听众 突然发现自己被 讲故事的人彻头彻尾地耍弄 则会报以更热烈的笑声。 时,则会报以更热烈的笑声。 则会报以更热烈的笑声 这就是马克·吐温式的幽 马克·
历史上不吏温同时代显赫一时的一批西部幽默作家如今早已销声匿迹唯有马克吏温仌在美国文学史上占有显著的地位被豪威尔斯称为美国文学中的林这位举足轻重的幽默作家格外讲究幽默方法的运用在他作品中我们经常见到的一种就是欺骗hoax
The_Celebrated_Jumping_Frog
Bizarre character
Irony:
• Simon Wheeler appears oblivious to the fact that the narrator wants nothing to do with him. The narrator's eastern education avails him nothing as he futilely attempts to sever himself from Wheeler's endless ramblings.
Houmorous writing:
• Eg: This year, we started our Orlando trip at Sea World, which is an educational theme park where you learn how sea creatures naturally behave when they live in concrete pools and perform tricks all day. • (a tongue-in-cheek comment) • —Theme-park Stupid (21 Century 10 Mar. 2010)
Language
• ―I‖ Vs. Simon Wheeler • The King’s English Vs. Pub Talk • Setting: The story takes place at Angel's Mining Camp in Missouri, a stark contrast from the narrator's native east. Twain's ability to contrast the uneducated miner's dialect of Simon Wheeler with the educated vernacular of the narrator adds humor and realism to the encounter.
美国文学之跳蛙 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
5) Andrew Jackson (the dog‘s name): Andrew Jackson (1767– 1845) is the 7th President of the United States, the first Westerner to become president(1829-1837). He is described as being determined and strong-willed. 6) Daniel Webster (the frog‘s name): He is a statesman(1782-1852). He embodies the very spirit of the nation.
8. Andrew Jackson and Daniel Webster
Topic 2―Characters
Who is the narrator ？ Who is the story-teller？ Who is the hero in these stories？ Who is the stranger？
I TOPIC: The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County II OBJECTIVES:
A) Introduction B) Characters C) Main idea D) Themes E) Quotations of humor F) Artistic features of humor G) Guided practice
Topic 6―Artistic features of humor
1. Hyperbole (some skills of exaggeration):
跳蛙讲义
A Brief introduction to “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”:“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” is a comic frontier边境；边界，边缘；尚待开发的领域and western tale, together with many tall过分的夸张的tales, which Mark Twain heard in the western mining camps in 1861. It was included in his short-story collection The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches, also his first book which contains twenty-seven short stories and sketches. At the beginning of the short story, a cultured有教养的；人工培养的；耕作了的Easterner relates his recent visit to a talkative old man at a western mining camp. Rather than providing information that the Easterner is looking for, the old man keeps him waiting while he spins 杜撰a tale about a betting man and his pet frog. Jim Smiley was addicted to gambling. He bet on anything from the death of Parson Walker's wife to fights between his bulldog斗牛犬pup, Andrew Jackson, and other dogs. One day a stranger to the town agreed to bet on a frog jumping higher than Jim's frog, Daniel Webster. When Jim wasn't looking, the stranger poured a quail n.鹌鹑；鹌鹑肉；<美俚>女大学生vi.沮丧；畏缩，胆怯；感到恐惧vt.使沮丧；使畏缩shot into Daniel Webster's mouth, making it impossible for him to jump at all. The stranger won the $40 bet and escaped before Jim realized the con.Exercise: Mark the following statements True or False according to the information provided in the text. （备注：答案附在小说末尾）FFTTFTFTTFF1) The writer came all the way from the East in order to find Jim Smiley to make a bet.F2) The setting of the short story is in Angel's Camp, a small town of miners in the east coast.T3) As the narrator of the story about the jumping frog, Simon Wheeler was a good-natured and talkative man.T4) The writer tried to inquire after Leonidas W. Smiley, only to be told a story about Jim Smiley. F5) All through his account, Wheeler kept smiling or frowning, showing his interest and enthusiasm towards his story.T6) Jim Smiley was a very eccentric man because he was crazy about betting on almost anything. F7) Jim Smiley was so crazy about betting that he even once went to Mexico to bet on a straddle-bug.T8) Jim Smiley‟s bull-pup, Andrew Jackson, won him quite a lot of bets because its strong suit was to bite its opponent‟s hind leg.T9) Daniel Webster, the frog possessed by Smiley, was claimed to be able to outjump any frog in Calaveras County.F10) Jim Smiley was swindled four dollars by the stranger who filled his jumping frog with quail shot.Please read “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”:In compliance [kəmˈplaɪəns]n.服从，听从；承诺；柔软度；顺度with顺从，如the request of a friend of mine, who wrote me from the East, I called on拜访（某人）；叫；号召；要求good-natured和善的；性格好的，脾气好的；温厚的；好说话儿, garrulous old SimonWheeler, and inquired after查询，查阅（信息、资料等）；问候my friend's friend, Leonidas W. Smiley, as requested to do, and I hereunto到此为止，迄今append附加；添加；贴上the result. I have a lurking潜伏，埋伏；潜藏，潜在；偷偷地行动suspicion that Leonidas W. Smiley is a myth; and that my friend never knew such a personage[ˈpə:sənɪdʒ]n.人，（尤指）要人，名人; and that he only conjectured [kənˈdʒɛktʃɚ]n.推测，猜想；设想，揣度；想像；计划vt.& vi.推测，猜想；估量；揣摩；设想that if I asked old Wheeler about him, it would remind him of his infamous Jim Smiley, and he would go to work and bore令人厌烦；钻孔；用钻、挖或掘的方式打通me to death with some exasperating [ɪɡˈzæspəˈretɪŋ]adj.使人恼怒的v.激怒，触怒reminiscence [ˈrɛməˈnɪsəns]n.旧事，回忆；回忆录of him as long and as tedious as it should be useless to me. If that was the design, it succeeded.I found Simon Wheeler dozing打盹儿，打瞌睡；假寐comfortably by the barroom酒吧间stove窑；干燥室，烘房of the dilapidated [dɪˈlæpɪˈdetɪd]adj.残破的，失修的；荒废的，衰败的；破旧tavern [ˈtævərn]n.小旅馆，客栈；酒馆in the decayed [dɪˈked]adj.烂了的，腐败的mining camp of Angel's, and I noticedthat he was fat and bald-headed, and had an expression of winning获胜的，赢的；成功的，胜利的；吸引人的；迷人的gentleness温和；和善；彬彬有礼；高贵and simplicity朴素；质朴，天真；卑贱；无知upon his tranquil安静的；平静的；宁静的countenance表情；脸，面孔；赞同，支持；鼓励. Hegarrulous: 喋喋不休的hereunto: 这里以下append: 赘述lurking: 隐约的conjecture: 猜想infamous:无耻的,厚脸皮的exasperating reminiscence: 让人生气的回忆dilapidated: 破烂不堪的bald-headed: 秃头的tranquil: 宁静安详的roused up, and gave me good-day. I told him a friend had commissioned me to make some inquiries about a cherished companion of his boyhood named Leonidas W. Smiley-- Rev. Leonidas W. Smiley, a young minister of the Gospel, who he had heard was at one time a resident of Angel's Camp. I added that if Mr. Wheeler could tell me anything about this Rev. Leonidas W. Smiley, I would feel under many obligations to him.Simon Wheeler backed me into a corner and blockaded me there with his chair, and then sat down and reeled n.卷轴；卷盘；卷筒；绕在卷轴上的线（或金属丝、胶卷等）vt.卷；绕vi.蹒跚，摇晃；来回旋转；眩晕off滔滔不绝地谈论the monotonous narrative which follows this paragraph. He never smiled, he never frowned, he never changed his voice from the gentle-flowing key to which he tuned his initial sentence, he never betrayed显露the slightest suspicion ofenthusiasm; but all through the interminable冗长的；无止境的；没完没了narrative there ran a vein气质，倾向of impressive earnestness and sincerity, which showed me plainly that, so far from his imagining that there was an y thing ridiculous or funny about his story, he regarded it as a really important matter, and admired its two heroes as men of transcendent adj.卓越的，至高无上的；超然的n.卓越的人，尤物；超越认识的事物genius in finesse [fəˈnɛs]n.手腕，手段；技巧，策略；纤细；偷牌vt.巧妙处理；以偷牌方式先出；施巧计；[牌]偷牌vi.施展巧计；偷牌. I let him go on in his own way, and never interrupted him once."Rev. Leonidas W. H'm, Reverend Le--well, there was a feller男朋友here once by the name of 名叫，以…的名义Jim Smiley, in the winter of '49--or may be it was the spring of '50--I don't recollect exactly, somehow, though what makes me think it was one or the other is because I remember the big flume [flum]n.水槽；斜槽；液槽；水道v.顺流搬运；用槽引水；利用水槽；造水槽warn't finished when he first came to the camp; but any way, he was the curiousest man about always betting on anything that turned up you ever see, if he could get anybody to bet on the other side; and if he couldn't he'd change sides. Any way that suited the other man would suit him--any way just so's he got a bet, he was satisfied. But still he was lucky, uncommon lucky; he most alwayscome out winner. He was always ready and laying for<非正>暗中等待（伺机攻击），埋伏着等待a chance; there couldn't be no solit'ry thing mentioned but that feller'd offer to bet on it, and take any side you please, as I was just telling you. If there was a horse-race, you'd find him flush or you'd find him busted突击搜查（或搜捕）；（使）降级，降低军阶失败，输个精光at the end of it; if there was a dog-fight, he'd bet on it; if there was a cat-fight, he'd bet on it; if there was a chicken-fight, he'd bet on it; why, if there was two birds setting on a fence, he would bet you which one would fly first; or if there was a camp-meeting, he would be there reg'lar to bet on Parson Walker, which he judged to be the best exhorter劝勉者，告诫者，提倡者about here, and he was, too, and a good man. If he even see a straddle叉开腿；跨坐；不表明态度；[军]向（目标）作夹叉射击[轰炸] -bug昆虫；陷，瑕疵；细菌，病菌；窃听器屎壳郎start to go anywheres, he would bet you how long it would take him to get to--to wherever he was going to, and if you took him up, he would foller that straddle-bug to Mexicobut what除非he would find out where he was bound for开往…，以…为目的地；开赴and how long he was on the road. Lots of the boys here has seen that Smiley and can tell you about him. Why, it never madeno difference to him--he'd bet on any thing--the dangdest 荒唐透顶的feller. Parson Walker's wife laid very sick once, for a good while, and it seemed as if they warn't going to save her; but one morning he come in, and Smiley up and asked him how she was, and he said she 注释：commission: 委托cherished: 受人爱戴的Rev.: 对僧侣、牧师的尊称obligation: 感激blockade: 封闭reel off: 滔滔不绝地谈论frown: 皱眉betray: 显露interminable: 无止尽的transcendent genius in finesse: 智谋方面的奇才recollect: 记得，回忆起flume: 渡槽warn‟t: =wasn‟tjust so‟s: 只要=so long assolit‟ry: 单一的=solitaryflush: 因兴奋而脸红，神采飞扬bust: 失败，输个精光exhorter: 劝勉者straddle-bug: 屎壳郎take up: 接受打赌foller: 跟随=followbut what: 除非dangest: 荒唐透顶的was considerable better--thank the Lord for his inf'nit' mercy--and coming on so smart that with the blessing of Prov'dence she'd get well yet; and Sm iley, before he thought, says, “Well, I'll resk two-and-a-half she don't anyway.”Thish-yer Smiley had a mare母马，母驴；<天>月球表面阴暗部；〈外〉海；骒马--the boys called her the fifteen-minute nag vt.不断找岔，抱怨；困扰，折磨vi.叱责，抱怨；困扰，焦虑n.挑剔的人；马，老马,but that was only in fun, you know, because, of course, she was faster than that--and he used to win money on that horse, for all she was so slow and always had the asthma 气喘，哮喘, or thedistemper n.大瘟热，不高兴，病异状vt.用胶画颜料画，使发狂,or the consumption肺病；耗尽；[医学]消耗性疾病, or something of that kind. They used to give her two or three hundred yards start, and then pass her under way; but always at the fag-end废渣，终点of the race she'd get excited and desperate-like, and come cavorting [kəˈvɔrt]vi.跳跃and straddling up, and scattering her legs around limber肢翼, sometimes in the air, and sometimes out to one side amongst the fences, and kicking up m-o-r-e dust and raising mo-r-e racket n.（网球等）球拍；〈美俚〉勒索金钱，讹诈，敲诈，骗局；（四周有围墙的）拍打回力网球，硬壁回力球；喧骚，吵闹，嚷闹，扰嚷，喧骚嘈杂的集会，狂欢v.嚷闹，吵闹，纵情欢闹；用球拍打with her coughing and sneezing and blowing her nose—and always fetch up到达；停止；<非正>呕出；把…带到楼上at the stand just about a neck ahead, as near as you could cipher n.密码；零；不重要的人；无价值的东西vt.用密码书写it down勉强分出胜负.And he had a littlesmall bull-pup, that to look at him you'd think he warn't worth a centbut to set around and look ornery 脾气坏的and lay for a chance tosteal something. But as soon as money was up on him he was a different dog; his under-jaw'd begin to stick out伸出来；竖起；坚持；断言like the fo'-castle of a steamboat, and his teeth would uncover and shine like the furnaces. And a dog might tackle着手处理；[橄榄球]擒住并摔倒（一名对方球员）；给（马）配上挽具him and bully-rag嘲笑捉弄him, and bite him, and throw him over his shoulder two orthree times, and Andrew Jackson--which was the name of thepup--Andrew Jackson would never let on but 除…之外what he wassatisfied, and hadn't expected nothing else--and the bets being doubled and doubled on the other side all the time, till the money was all up; and then all of a sudden he would grab that other dog jest n.笑话，玩笑；戏谑，诙谐；笑柄vi.开玩笑，打趣；取笑，嘲弄by the j'int of his hind后面的leg and freeze to it--not chaw [tʃɔ]v.嚼，咀嚼n.一满口，一口，咀嚼物, you understand, but only just grip and hang on till they throwed up the sponge海绵,认输if it was a year. Smiley always come out winner on that pup, till he harnessed治理；给（负重的动物）套轭具；给…穿铠甲a dog once that didn't have no hind legs, because they'd been sawed off锯去，锯掉in a circular圆形的环形的saw, and when the thing had gone along进行；赞同；兜风；陪伴far enough, and the money was all up, and he come to make asnatch n.抢；一阵子，一下工夫；很小的数量；<美俚>诱拐vi.作出握住或抢夺的动作；很快接受for his pet holt [holt]n.<古>小林，林丘，林地；小森林,最爱咬的地方he see in a minute how he'd been imposed on把…加于；强与…为伴；使硬缠着；给…带来麻烦, and how the other dog had him in the door逼入死角，逼入绝境, so to speak, and he 'peared surprised, and then he looked sorter discouraged-like, and didn't try no more to win the fight, and so he got shucked out vt.剥壳，剥外皮，脱去n.壳，外皮，荚；毫无价值的东西咬得遍体鳞伤bad. He gave Smiley a look, as much as to say his heart was broke, and it was his fault, for putting up a dog that hadn't no hind legs for him to take holt of, which was his main dependence in a fight, and then he limped n.跛行；挣扎着慢慢前进；（诗的）韵律紊乱vi.一瘸一拐地走；困难地航行adj.无力的；无生气的；易弯的；松软的off一瘸一拐地走开a piece and laiddown and died. It was a good pup, was that Andrew Jackson, and would have made a name for himself if he'd lived, for the stuff高超本领，优良品质was in him and he had genius--I know it, because he hadn't no opportunities to speak of, and it don't stand to reason that a dog could make such a fight as he could under them circumstances if he hadn't no talent. It always makes me feel sorry when I think of that last fight of his'n, and the way it turnedProv‟dence: 上帝resk: 打赌=riskThish-yer: 你那位斯迈利=This your mare: 母马nag: 驽马，老爷马for all: 虽然asthma: 哮喘distemper: 瘟热病consumption: 肺痨fag-end: 终点cavort: 欢快地跑，腾跃racket: 喧闹fetch up: 最终到达cipher down:勉强分出胜负bull-pup: 牛头狗ornery: 坏脾气的；卑下的；(口语)下贱样fo‟-castle: 前甲板上的水手舱tackle: 拉扯bully-rag: 戏弄，摔打Andrew Jackson: 美国第七任总统，此处指狗名j‟int: 关节=jointfreeze: 紧咬不放throw up the sponge: 认输harness: 与(狗)打斗pet holt: 最爱咬的地方, 应为pet holdsee: 应为sawhave him in the door: 逼入死角，逼入绝境…peared: 好像=appeared shuck out: 咬得遍体鳞伤limp off: 一瘸一拐地走开stuff: 高超本领，优良品质his‟n: 应为hisout.Well, thish-yer Smiley had rat-tarriers捉耗子的狗, and chicken cocks小公鸡, and tom-cats公猫and all of them kind of things, till you couldn't rest, and you couldn't fetch nothing for him to bet on but he'd match you. He ketched a frog one day, and took him home, and said he cal'lated to educate him; and so he never done nothing for three months but set in his back yard and learn thatfrog to jump. And you bet you he did learn him, too. He'd give him a little punch behind, and the next minute you'd see that frog whirling in the air like a doughnut油炸圈饼--see him turn one summerset翻筋斗, or may be a couple, if he got a good start, and come down flat-footed and all right, like a cat. He got him up so in the matter of ketching flies, and kep' him in practice so constant, that he'd nail钉住；抓住；使固定；揭露a fly every time as fur as he could see him. Smiley said all a frog wanted was education, and he could do 'most anything--and I believe him. Why, I've seen him set Dan'l Webster down here on this floor--Dan'l Webster was the name of the frog--and sing out, "Flies, Dan'l, flies!" and quicker'n you could wink he'd spring straight up and snake沿…曲折前进（或延伸）；<美>/<口>拖，拉（木材等）a fly off'n the counter there, and flop down一屁股坐在on the floor ag'in as solid as a gob n.凝块，口，<俚>美国水兵vi.吐唾沫of mud, and fall to开始；落到…；被击败；倒在scratching the side of his head with his hind foot as indifferent as if he hadn't no idea he'd been doin' any more'n any frog might do. You never see a frog so modest and straightfor'ard as he was, for all尽管，虽然he was so gifted. And when it come to fair and square jumping on a dead level空层；静水位；静态电平；绝对高程, he could get over more ground at one straddle than any animal of his breed属种类血型you ever see. Jumping on a dead level was his strong suit强项, you understand; and when it come to that, Smiley would ante up 下赌注money on him as long as he had a red一分钱. Smiley was monstrous丑陋的；巨大的；畸形的；与传说中怪物相象的proud of his frog, and well he might be, for fellers[俚](=fellow)伙伴, 小伙子that had traveled and been everywheres, all said he laid over胜过any frog that ever they see.Well, Smiley kep' the beast in a little lattice [ˈlætɪs]n.格子框架；类似格子框架的设计vt.把…制成格子状；用格子覆盖或装饰box, and he used to fetch him downtown sometimes and lay for a bet. One day a feller--a stranger in the camp, he was--come acrost him with his box, and says:"What might be that you've got in the box?"And Smiley says, sorter indifferent-like, "It might be a parrot, or it might be a canary[kəˈnɛri]n.[动]金丝雀；淡黄色；（十六世纪流行于法国及西班牙的）加那利舞；加那利白葡萄酒, maybe, but it ain't--it's only just a frog."And the feller took it, and looked at it careful, and turned it round this way and that, and says, "H'm--so 'tis. Well, what's he good for?""Well," Smiley says, easy and careless, "he's good enough for one thing, I should judge--he can outjump any frog in Calaveras county."The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular look, and give it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate蓄意的；深思熟虑的；慎重的, "Well," he says, "I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any better'n any other frog.""Maybe you don't," Smiley says. "Maybe you understand frogs and maybe you don't understand 'em; maybe you've had experience, and maybe you ain't only a amature, as it were. Anyways, I've got my rat-tarrier: 捉耗子的狗chicken cock: 小公鸡tom-cat: 公猫ketched: 逮到，应为caughtnever done nothing: 应为never did anythinglearn: 教会=teachpunch: 猛击whirl: 旋转doughnut: 油炸圈饼summerset: 翻筋斗as fur as: 应为as far as Dan'l Webster: 美国政客(1782-1852),此处指青蛙名sing out: 大声讲quicker‟n: =quicker thanoff‟n: =off onflop down: 猛地落下ag‟in: =againon a dead level: 在同一平面上strong suit: 强项ante up: 下赌注red: (俚语) 一分钱monstrous: 极度的，极端的lay over: 胜过，比…强canary: 金丝雀ain‟t: 应为isn‟tcareful: 应为carefullyso …tis: 的确是，应为so it is don‟t see no p'ints: 看不出opinion and I'll resk forty dollars that he can outjump any frog in Calaveras County."And the feller studied a minute, and then says, kinder sad like, "Well, I'm only a stranger here, and I ain't got no frog; but if I had a frog, I'd bet you."And then Smiley says, "That's all right--that's all right--if you'll hold my box a minute, I'll go and get you a frog." And so the feller took the box, and put up his forty dollars along with Smiley's, and set down to wait.So he set there a good while thinking and thinking to himself, and then he got the frog out and prized珍视珍惜估价his mouth open andtook a teaspoon茶匙and filled him full of quail shot--filled him pretty near up to hischin--and set him on the floor. Smiley he went to the swamp andslopped around vi.溢出，泼出；在泥浆（或雪泥）中走vt.（液体）晃出；使（某物）溢出或泼出；休息，放松，偷懒 费力地走in the mud for a longtime, and finally he ketched a frog, and fetched him in, and give himto this feller, and says:"Now, if you're ready, set him alongside of Dan'l, with his forepaws just even with Dan'l's, and I'll give the word." Then he says, "One--two--three--git!" and him and the feller touched up （对图画或文章等）做小的修改；润色；唤醒；对…起刺激作用the frogs from behind, and the new frog hopped off 起飞 lively, but Dan'l give a heave 举起；波动；隆起；呕吐, and hysted up 耸起肩膀 his shoulders--so--like a Frenchman, but it warn't no use--he couldn'tbudge vt.& vi.（使）稍微移动；（使）改变主意，（使）让步；（立场等）动摇；推动n.（毛向外翻的）羔羊皮；革囊；〈美方〉酒adj.用羔羊皮装饰的；<古>浮夸的；自负的；庄严的; he was planted as solid as a church, and he couldn't no more stir than if he was anchored 抛锚，抛锚泊船；使固定，使稳固；使稳定；在…任节目主持人out. Smiley was a gooddeal surprised, and he was disgusted 反感厌恶 too, but he didn't have no idea what the matter was, of course.The feller took the money and started away; and when he was going out at the door, he sorter （sort of ） jerked vt.猛拉；把（牛肉）切成薄片晒干vt.& vi.（使…）猝然一动[颤动]his thumb over hisshoulder--so--at Dan'l, and says again, very deliberate, "Well," he says, "I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any better'n any other frog."Smiley he stood scratching his head and looking down at Dan'l a long time, and at last says, "I do wonder what in the nation that frog throwed off 迅速脱掉；摆脱 故意输掉 for--I wonder if there ain't something the matter with him--he 'pears to look mighty 非常，很baggy 袋状的；宽松下垂的, somehow." And he ketched Dan'l up by the nap of the neck, and hefted 举…以掂重量；举起cats if he don't weigh five pounds!" and turned him belched vi.打嗝，嗳气；喷出，吐出；埋怨，抱怨vt.打嗝，嗳气；喷射，喷出；态度蛮横地发出（叱咤等）n.打嗝，嗳气；喷出物；喷吐，喷射；劣质啤酒out 喷出 a double handful of shot. And then he see how it was, and he was the maddest man--he set the frog down and took out after 追赶，追捕 that feller, but he never ketched him. And----(Here Simon Wheeler heard his name called from the front yard, and got up to see what was wanted.) And turning to me as he moved away, he said: "Just set where you are, stranger, and rest easy--I ain't going to be gone a second."But, by your leave, 请原谅，对不起I did not think that a continuation of the history of the enterprising vagabond [ˈvæɡəˈb ɑnd]n.流浪者，游手好闲者adj.流浪的；流浪者的；漂泊的；声名狼藉的Jim Smiley would be likely to afford me much information concerning the Rev. Leonidas W. Smiley, and so I started away.At the door I met the sociable Wheeler returning, and he buttonholed n.钮扣孔vt.强迫听或谈meand recommenced:kinder: 有点儿=kind of prize: 撬开quail shot: 铅砂弹，用于打鹌鹑slop around:费力地走 alongside: 并排 git: (口语)开始 hyste up: 耸起肩膀 budge: 移动一下 anchor out: (船)抛锚 didn ‟t have no idea: =had no ideajerk his thumb: 扬起大拇指 throw off: 故意输掉 baggy: 宽松下垂的，此处指肚子鼓鼓的 heft: 掂量Why blame my cats if: 如果…才怪哩！ belch out: 吐出，喷出 by your leave: (插入语)请原谅，对不起vagabond: 流浪汉，流氓混混 sociable: 好客的，好交际的 buttonhole: 强留某人谈话"Well, thish-yer Smiley had a yaller [ˈjæl ə]n.<美俚>黄色adj.黄色的, one-eyed cow that didn't have no tail, only jest a short stump （被砍下的树的）树桩；残余部分，假肢；（板球三柱门的）柱；残余部分like a bannanner, and----"However, lacking both time and inclination 爱好, I did not wait to hear about the afflicted cow, but took my leave.yaller: 应为yellowjest: 应为just stump: 凸起物 bannanner: 应为banana inclination: 兴趣afflicted: 饱受折磨的，遭罪的keys to the T or F exercise:。
马克吐温《卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙》_课堂分析
I hereonto append the result 正式语言和俚语、俗语强烈
对比，突出身份和文化反差，
达到幽默的效果 精选版课件ppt
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幽默的描写语言的使用
If there is a horse-race, he’d bet on it If there is a dog-fight, he’d bet on it If there is a cat-fight, he’d bet on it If there is a chicken-fight, he’d bet on it If there was two birds setting on a fence, he’d
(2)离奇故事的叙述——赛马、斗狗、跳蛙比赛中怪诞的情节 和结果
(3)情节构造——打听Leonidas Simon的 息，变成了听wheeler无聊唠叨，出乎意
料
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象征化signify
Dog——Andrew Jackson 对总统安德鲁•杰克逊进行一番冷嘲热讽
Frog——Daniel Webster 政客丹尼尔•韦伯斯特喜欢在 一些问题上不断改变立场， 就如青蛙啪嗒啪嗒跳一样。
bet you which would fly first
He’d bet on anything !!!!!
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——She’d get well yet ——I’ll risk two-and-a-half she don’t 你妻子会好起来的/我打赌两块半她不会
But always at the fag-end …… （对母马以及斗狗的描写）
跳蛙最后输掉了比赛， 政客丹尼尔•韦伯斯特 最后也未能当上美国总统
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Topic 6― Guided practice
1. What realistic elements can you find in this story? 1) Background: Gold Rush This story is set in the gold rush. In 1848, in California gold was discovered, a rapid movement of people to the newly discovered goldfield. 2) California was a world of men, isolated, homesick, and eager for entertainment. 3) Gambling was one of the easiest and most popular ways to amuse themselves. 4) The Easterners had a reputation for being civilized, cultured, and advanced; whereas the Westerners were considered to be lesseducated, less-refined and easy to be deceived.
※ And he had a li all up；and then all of a sudden he would grab that other dog jest by the j‘int of his hind leg and freeze to it — not chaw.(P70) ※ and the money was all up, and he come to make a snatch for his pet holt, he see in a minute how he‘d been imposed on, … and he‘peared surprised, and then he looked sorter discouraged-like…(P70)
8. Andrew Jackson and Daniel Webster
Topic 2―Characters
Who is the narrator ？ Who is the story-teller？ Who is the hero in these stories？ Who is the stranger？
Topic 6―Artistic features of humor
1. Hyperbole (some skills of exaggeration):
※―if there was a dog-fight， he‗d bet on it； if there was a cat-fight，he‘d bet on it … to Mexico but what he would find out where he was bound for and how long he was on the road.” The use of Hyperbole enforces the essential characteristics of the object.
3. Slang and Colloquialism
1) Lexical level: ―feller‖ for ―follow‖; ―foller‖ for ―follow‖; ―jest‖ for ―just‖; ―sorter, kinder‖ for ―sort of, kind of‖; ―h‘m ‖ for ―him‖; ―so‘s so ‖ for ―long as‖; ―kep‖ for ―kept‖; ―peared‖ for ―appeared‖; ―j‘int‖ for ―joint‖; ―doin'‖ for ―doing‖; ―cal‘lated‘‘ for ―calcalate‖. 2) Syntax: ―money was up on him‖（赌注压在它身上）. ―throwed up the sponge‖（认输，thowed up: threw up). ―had him in the door‖（把它难住了）. ―He got him up so in the matter of ketching flies.‖（他教会抓苍蝇）
Topic 1―Introduction
Key words:
1. Different titles 2. Background 3. a lie or the truth 4. The narrator and the story-teller 5. Reverend Leonidas W. Smiley and Jim Smiley 6. The image of Simon Wheeler 7. The narrative pattern
※ a stranger …and then he got the frog out and prized his mouth open and took a teaspoon and filled him full of quail shot—filled him pretty near up to his chin—and set him on the floor. (P71) ※ the new frog hopped off lively, but Dan‘l give a heave, and hysted up his shoulders—so—like a Frenchman, but it warn‘t no use—he couldn‘t budge. (P71)
I TOPIC: The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County II OBJECTIVES:
A) Introduction B) Characters C) Main idea D) Themes E) Quotations of humor F) Artistic features of humor G) Guided practice
Topic 3―Main idea
Key words:
stranger gambler hoaxing
Topic 4―Themes
Key words:
competition between the pioneers; selfishness and mercilessness of capitalism; the social injustice; the capitalist cruelty; human disgrace; human follies
※ ―Thish-yer Smiley a mare … and kicking up mo-r-e dust and raising m-o-r-e racket with her coughing and sneezing and blowing her nose — and always fetch up at the stand just about ahead, as near as you could cipher it down. (PP69-70)‖
※―Oh! Hang Smiley and his afflicted cow ! ‖ muttered, good-naturedly, and bidding the old gentleman good day, I departed. The use of caricature enhances the effect of humor.
5) Andrew Jackson (the dog‘s name): Andrew Jackson (1767– 1845) is the 7th President of the United States, the first Westerner to become president(1829-1837). He is described as being determined and strong-willed. 6) Daniel Webster (the frog‘s name): He is a statesman(1782-1852). He embodies the very spirit of the nation.
2. By means of caricature
※Simon Wheeler backed me into a corner and blockaded me there with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the monotonous narrative …. He never smiled, he never frowned, he never changed his voice from the gentle-flowing key to which he tuned his initial sentence, he never betrayed the slightest suspicion of enthusiasm,… and never interrupted him once.(P69)
Topic 5―Quotations of humor
※ He never betrayed the slightest suspicion of enthusiasm; but all through the interminable narrative there ran a vein of impressive earnestness and sincerity. (P69) ※ Thish-yer Smiley had a mare … and kicking up m-or-e dust and raising m-o-r-e racket with her coughing and sneezing and blowing her nose — and always fetch up at the stand just about ahead, as near as you could cipher it down. (PP69-70)