深圳市南山外国语学校(集团)2019-2020学年第一学期
2019-2020年广东省深圳市盐田区深圳外国语学校第一学期期中考试高一化学试卷
深圳外国语学校2019-2020学年度高一第一学期学段(一)考试化学试卷本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,共7页,满分为100分。
考试用时90分钟。
注意事项:1、答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和学号填写在答题卡密封线内相应的位置上,用2B铅笔将自己的学号填涂在答题卡上。
2、选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑:如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案:不能答在试卷上.3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答,答案必须写在答卷纸各题目指定区域内的相应位置上,超出指定区域的答案无效:如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案:不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁和平整。
可能需要用到的原子量: H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 C1-35.5 Cu-64一、单选题(共16题,每题3分共48分)1.下列关于古籍中的记载说法不正确的是( )A.《天工开物》中“凡石灰,经火焚炼为用”涉及的反应类型是分解反应B.“朝坛雾卷,曙岭烟沉”中的雾是一种气溶胶,能产生丁达尔效应C.《本草纲目》中“凡酸坏之酒,皆可蒸烧”,“以烧酒复烧二次...价值数倍也”用到的实验方法是蒸馏D.《肘后备急方》中“青蒿-握,以水二升渍,绞取汁,尽服之”该过程属于化学变化2.下列说法都正确的是( )①江河入海口三角洲的形成通常与胶体的性质有关②误食硫酸铜溶液,可服用鸡蛋清解毒③淀粉溶液和蛋白质溶液都是胶体④向氢氧化钠溶液中逐滴滴入饱和氯化铁溶液加热得红褐色液体,即为Fe(OH)3胶体⑤纳米材料微粒直径一般从几纳米到几十纳米(1 nm=10-9 m),因此纳米材料属于胶体A.全部B.②④⑤C.①②⑤D.①②③3.进行化学实验时必须要有安全意识,下列做法正确的是( )A.加热装有碳酸氢钠固体的试管时,试管口向上倾斜B.滴瓶中的滴管用后不用清洗,直接放到滴瓶中C.做蒸馏实验时,如果加热液体时发现忘记加沸石,应立即补加沸石D.温度计摔坏导致水银散落到地面上,应立即用水冲洗水银4.对于易燃、易爆、有毒的化学物质,往往会在其包装上面贴上危险警告标签。
2024-2025学年广东省深圳市深圳外国语数学九年级第一学期开学考试试题【含答案】
学校________________班级____________姓名____________考场____________准考证号…………………………密…………封…………线…………内…………不…………要…………答…………题…………………………2024-2025学年广东省深圳市深圳外国语数学九年级第一学期开学考试试题题号一二三四五总分得分批阅人A 卷(100分)一、选择题(本大题共8个小题,每小题4分,共32分,每小题均有四个选项,其中只有一项符合题目要求)1、(4分)计算8×2的结果是()A .10B .8C .4D .±42、(4分)下列特征中,平行四边形不一定具有的是()A .邻角互补B .对角互补C .对角相等D .内角和为360°3、(4分)把直线3y x =--向上平移m 个单位后,与直线24y x =+的交点在第二象限,则m 的取值范围是()A .17m <<B .34m <<C .1m >D .4m <4、(4分)一次函数y kx b =+的图象如图所示,点()3,4P 在函数的图象上.则关于x 的不等式4kx b +≤的解集是()A .3x ≤B .3x ≥C .4x ≤D .4x ≥5、(4分)4x -x 的取值范围是()A .x ≥4B .x >4C .x ≤4D .x <46、(4分)某医药研究所开发了一种新药,在试验效果时发现,如果成人按规定剂量服用,服药后血液中的含药量逐渐增多,一段时间后达到最大值,接着药量逐步衰减直至血液中含药量为0,每毫升血液中含药量y (微克)随时间x (小时)的变化如图所示,下列说法:(1)2小时血液中含药量最高,达每毫升6微克.(2)每毫升血液中含药量不低于4微克的时间持续达到了6小时.(3)如果一病人下午6:00按规定剂量服此药,那么,第二天中午12:00,血液中不再含有该药,其中正确说法的个数是()A .0B .1C .2D .37、(4分)已知二次函数()2y x h =-(h 为常数),当自变量x 的值满足-13x ≤≤时,与其对应的函数值y 的最小值为4,则h 的值为()A .1或-5B .-5或3C .-3或1D .-3或58、(4分)下列由左到右的变形,属于因式分解的是()A .2(2)(2)4x x x +-=-B .242(4)2x x x x +-=+-C .24(2)(2)x x x -=+-D .243(2)(2)3x x x x x -+=+-+二、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分)9、(4分)计算:-=______________10、(4分)已知一个多边形的内角和为540°,则这个多边形是______边形.11、(4分)如图,在△ABC 中,∠A =m °,∠ABC 和∠ACD 的平分线交于点A 1,得∠A 1;∠A 1BC 和∠A 1CD 的平分线交于点A 2,得∠A 2;…∠A 2018BC 和∠A 2018CD 的平分线交于点A 2019,得∠A 2019,则∠A 2019=_____°.12、(4分)已知一次函数y=x+b 的图象经过第一、二、三象限,写出一个符合条件的b 的值为_____.13、(4分)二次函数2y ax bx c =++的函数值y 自变量x 之间的部分对应值如下表:x …1-014…y …41-4-1-…此函数图象的对称轴为_____三、解答题(本大题共5个小题,共48分)14、(12分)某产品每件成本10元,试销阶段每件产品的销售价x (元)与产品的日销量y (件)之间的关系如下表:若日销量y 是销售价x 的一次函数.(1)求出日销量y (件)与销售价x (元)的函数关系式;(2)求销售定价为30元时,每日的销售利润.x (元)152025……y (件)252015……15、(8分)已知,线段a ,直线1及1外一点A ,求作:△ABC ,使AB=AC ,BC=a ,且点B 、C 在直线1上.16、(8分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,直线210y x =-+与x 轴、y 轴分别交于A ,B 两点.(1)反比例函数1k y x =的图象与直线AB 交于第一象限内的C ,D 两点()BD BC <,当4AD DB =时,求1k 的值;(2)设线段AB 的中点为P ,过P 作x 轴的垂线,垂足为点M ,交反比例函数2k y x =的图象于点Q ,连接OP ,OQ ,当以P ,O ,Q 为顶点的三角形与以O ,B ,P 为顶点的三角形相似时,求2k 的值.17、(10分)某中学数学兴趣小组为了解本校学生对电视节目的喜爱情况,随机调查了部分学生最喜爱哪一类节目(被调查的学生只选一类并且没有不选择的),并将调查结果制成了如下的两个统计图(不完整).请你根据图中所提供的信息,完成下列问题:(1)本次调查的学生人数为__________,娱乐节目在扇形统计图中所占圆心角的度数是__________度.(2)请将条形统计图补充完整:(3)若该中学有2000名学生,请估计该校喜爱动画节目的人数.18、(10分)如图,O 是矩形ABCD 对角线的交点,作DE//AC ,//CE BD ,DE ,CE 相交于点E ,求证:四边形OCED 是菱形.B卷(50分)一、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分)19、(4分)一辆汽车的行驶距离s(单位:m)与行驶时间t(单位:s)的函数关系式是s=9t+212t,则汽车行驶380m需要时间是______s.20、(4分)如图,直线y=kx+6与x轴、y轴分别交于点E、F.点E的坐标为(﹣8,0),点A的坐标为(﹣6,0).若点P(x,y)是第二象限内的直线上的一个动点.当点P运动到_____(填P点的坐标)的位置时,△OPA的面积为1.21、(4分)把抛物线2531y x x=-+沿y轴向上平移1个单位,得到的抛物线解析式为______.22、(4分)把直线y=﹣2x向上平移后得到直线AB,直线AB经过点(m,n),且2m+n=6,则直线AB的解析式为______.23、(4分)(2016浙江省衢州市)已知直角坐标系内有四个点O(0,0),A(3,0),B(1,1),C(x,1),若以O,A,B,C为顶点的四边形是平行四边形,则x=____________.二、解答题(本大题共3个小题,共30分)24、(8分)某校师生去外地参加夏令营活动,车票价格为每人100元,车站提出两种车票价格的优惠方案供学校选择.第一种方案是教师按原价付款,学生按原价的78%付款;第二种方案是师生都按原价的80%付款.该校参加这项活动的教师有5名,学生有x名.(1)设购票付款为y元,请写出y与x的关系式.(2)请根据夏令营的学生人数,选择购票付款的最佳方案?25、(10分)某物流公司引进A,B两种机器人用来搬运某种货物,这两种机器人充满电后可以连续搬运5小时,A 种机器人于某日0时开始搬运,过了1小时,B 种机器人也开始搬运,如图,线段OG 表示A 种机器人的搬运量y A (千克)与时间x(时)的函数图象,根据图象提供的信息,解答下列问题:(1)求y B 关于x 的函数解析式;(2)如果A ,B 两种机器人连续搬运5小时,那么B 种机器人比A 种机器人多搬运了多少千克?26、(12分)()11013()(π 3.14)3--⨯+-()2化简:2312x 2x 4---参考答案与详细解析一、选择题(本大题共8个小题,每小题4分,共32分,每小题均有四个选项,其中只有一项符合题目要求)1、C【解析】根据二次根式乘法法则进行计算即可.【详解】原式=4,故选C.本题考查了二次根式的乘法,正确把握二次根式乘法的运算法则是解题的关键.2、B【解析】根据平行四边形的性质得到,平行四边形邻角互补,对角相等,内角和360°,而对角却不一定互补.【详解】解:根据平行四边形性质可知:A、C、D均是平行四边形的性质,只有B不是.故选B.本题考查平行四边形的性质:①平行四边形两组对边分别平行;②平行四边形的两组对边分别相等;③平行四边形的两组对角分别相等;④平行四边形的对角线互相平分.3、A【解析】根据平移特征:3y x=--向上平移m个单位后可得:3y x m=--+,再根据与直线的交点,组成方程组,解关于x,y的方程,得到x,y关于m的代数式,二象项的点横坐标小于1.纵坐标大于1,组成不等式组,即可得到答案.【详解】解:直线3y x=-向上平移m个单位后可得:3y x m=--+,联立两直线解析式得:324y x m y x =--+⎧⎨=+⎩,解得:1(7)32(7)43x m y m ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩,即交点坐标为1((7)3m -,2(7)4)3m -+,交点在第二象限,∴1(7)032(7)403m m ⎧-<⎪⎪⎨⎪-+>⎪⎩,解得:17m <<.故选:A .本题考查了一次函数图象与几何变换、两直线的交点坐标,注意第二象限的点的横坐标小于1、纵坐标大于1.4、A 【解析】观察函数图象结合点P 的坐标,即可得出不等式的解集.【详解】解:观察函数图象,可知:当3x ≤时,4kx b +≤.故选:A .考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式以及一次函数的图象,观察函数图象,找出不等式4kx b +≤的解集是解题的关键.5、D【解析】直接利用二次根式有意义的条件分析得出答案.【详解】4﹣x >0,即x 的取值范围是:x <4故选D .此题主要考查了二次根式有意义的条件,正确把握定义是解题关键.6、D 【解析】通过观察图象获取信息列出函数解析式,并根据一次函数的性质逐一进行判断即可。
广东深圳盐田外国语学校2024-2025学年九年级上学期开学考试数学试题(解析版)
2024—2025学年第一学期初三年级暑期综合素质调研数学学科时间:90分钟 满分:100分 命题人:熊玲娟 审题人:张虹一、选择题(共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)1. 下列各式中,从左到右的变形是因式分解的是 ( )A. ()22369x x x +=++B. ()2222x xy x x y ++ C. 1535xyx y =⋅ D. ()2515++=++x x x x 【答案】B【解析】 【分析】本题考查了因式分解的定义:将一个多项式转化为几个整式的积的形式,熟知因式分解的定义是解题关键.根据因式分解的定义逐项判断即可.【详解】解:A. ()22369x x x +=++,是整式乘法,不是因式分解,不合题意;B. ()2222x xy x x y ++是因式分解,符合题意;C. 1535xyx y =⋅没有将多项式化为乘积形式,不是因式分解,不合题意; D. ()2515++=++x x x x 没有将多项式化为乘积形式,不因式分解,不合题意. 故选:B .2. 若a b >,则下列结论不成立的是( )A. 22a b >B. 22a b >C. a m b m +>+D. 4a 4b −>− 【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据不等式的性质即可求解.【详解】A. ∵a b >,∴22a b >,故该选项正确,不符合题意;B. ∵a b >,∴22a b >,故该选项正确,不符合题意; C. ∵a b >,∴a m b m +>+,故该选项正确,不符合题意;D. ∵a b >,∴44a b −<−,故该选项不正确,符合题意;故选:D .是【点睛】本题考查了不等式的基本性质,熟练掌握不等式的基本性质是解题的关键.不等式的性质:不等式的基本性质1:不等式的两边都加上(或减去)同一个数(或式子),不等号的方向不变;不等式的基本性质2:不等式的两边都乘以(或除以)同一个正数,不等号的方向不变;不等式的基本性质3:不等式的两边都乘以(或除以)同一个负数,不等号的方向改变.3. 关于x 的方程()220x m x m +++=的根的情况是( ) A. 有两个不相等的实数根 B. 有两个相等的实数根 C. 没有实数根D. 无法确定【答案】A【解析】【分析】表示出根的判别式,判断判别式的正负即可确定出方程根的情况. 【详解】解:()220x m x m +++=, ()2224140m m m ∆=+−××=+>,∴方程有两个不相等的实数根,故选:A .【点睛】此题考查了根的判别式,弄清根的判别式与方程根的关系是解本题的关键.4. 过某个多边形的一个顶点的所有对角线,将这个多边形分成7个三角形,则这个多边形是( )A. 六边形B. 七边形C. 八边形D. 九边形【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据n 边形从一个顶点出发可引出(n-3)条对角线,可组成n-2个三角形,依此可得n 的值.【详解】解:设这个多边形是n 边形,由题意得,n-2=7,解得:n=9,即这个多边形是九边形,故选:D .【点睛】本题考查了多边形的对角线,求对角线条数时,直接代入边数n 的值计算,而计算边数时,需利用方程思想,解方程求n .5. 如图,矩形ABCD 的周长为20cm ,AC 交BD 于点O ,过点O 作AC 的垂线EF ,分别交AD ,BC 于点E ,F ,连结CE ,则CDE 的周长为( )cm .A. 6B. 8C. 10D. 12【答案】C【解析】 【分析】本题考查矩形的性质,线段垂直平分线的性质,熟练掌握矩形的性质和线段垂直平分线的性质是解题的关键.利用矩形的性质和周长得出OA OC =,()10cm AD CD +=,再利用EF 垂直平分AC 得AE CE =,即可求解.【详解】解:∵四边形ABCD 是矩形,∴AB CD =,BC AD =,OA OC =,∵EF AC ⊥,∴AE CE =,∵矩形ABCD 的周长为20cm ,∴()10cm AD CD +=, ∴CDE 的周长=()()10cm CD DE CE CD DE AE CD AD ++=++=+=, 故选:C .6. 宝安公园是深圳西部最美丽的市政公园之一,公园植被种类丰富,空气清新,风景秀丽,最高山峰海拔125米.小亮和同学利用周末去爬宝安公园,已知他们上山的速度为1v 米/秒,下山的速度为2v 米/秒,若他们上山和下山所走的路程相同,则他们爬山的平均速度为( )米/秒. A. 122v v + B. 1212v v v v + C. 1212v v v v + D. 12122v v v v + 【答案】D【解析】 【分析】设上山的路程为S ,则下山的路程也是S ,分别求得上山与下山的时间,由路程、速度与时间的关系即可求得爬山的平均速度.【详解】解:设上山的路程为S ,则下山的路程也是S , 上山的时间为:1S v 秒,下山的时间为:2S v 秒,∴爬山的平均速度为:1212121212()222S v v v v SS S S v v v v v v +=÷=++ 故选:D .【点睛】本题考查了分式的混合运算,分别求出上山与下山的时间是解题的关键,注意这里的平均速度不是速度的平均值.7. 四边形ABCD 为矩形,过A C 、作对角线BD 的垂线,过B D 、作对角线AC 的垂线,如果四个垂线拼成一个四边形,那这个四边形为( )A. 菱形B. 矩形C. 直角梯形D. 等腰梯形【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题考查矩形性质、等面积法、菱形的判定等知识,熟练掌握矩形性质及菱形的判定是解决问题的关键.由矩形性质得到OBC OAD S S = ,OC OB OA OD ===,进而由等面积法确定CH BF AE DG ===,再由菱形的判定即可得到答案.【详解】解:如图所示:四边形ABCD 为矩形,OBC OAD S S ∴= ,OC OB OA OD ===,过A C 、作对角线BD 的垂线,过B D 、作对角线AC 的垂线,11112222OBC OAD S S OC BF OB CH OD AE OA DG ∴==⋅=⋅=⋅=⋅ ∴CH BF AE DG ===,如果四个垂线拼成一个四边形,那这个四边形为菱形,故选:A .8. 如图,在菱形ABCD 中,对角线AC 、BD 相交于点O ,H 为AD 边中点,菱形ABCD 的周长为32,则OH 的长等于( )A. 8B. 6C. 7D. 4【答案】D【解析】 【分析】由菱形的性质得出AC BD ⊥,由直角三角形斜边上的中线性质即可得出答案.【详解】解: 菱形ABCD 的周长为32,8AD ∴=,四边形ABCD 是菱形,AC BD ∴⊥,90AOD ∴∠=°,H 为AD 边中点,142OH AD ∴==, 故选:D .【点睛】本题考查了菱形的性质、直角三角形斜边上的中线性质,熟练掌握菱形的性质和直角三角形斜边上的中线性质是解题的关键.9. 已知等腰ABC 的边是方程27100x x −+=的根,则ABC 的周长为( )A. 9B. 9或12C. 6或15D. 6或12或15【答案】D【解析】【分析】利用因式分解法求方程的两个根分别是2和5,结合三角形的三边关系和等腰三角形的性质进行分类讨论即可.【详解】解:∵27100x x −+= ∴()()250x x −−=解得:12x =,25x =,∵等腰ABC 的边为:2和5,∴当腰长为2,底边为5时,不符合三角形的三边关系定理,当腰长为5,底边为2时,ABC 的周长为:55212++=,当边长都为2时,ABC 的周长为:2226++=,当边长都为5时,ABC 的周长为:55515++=, 故选:D .【点睛】本题考查等腰三角形的性质和三角形的三边关系及解一元二次方程,熟练掌握解一元二次方程的方法和三角形的三边关系是解题的关键.10. 如图,在菱形ABCD 中,60BAD ∠=°,O 为对角线的交点.将菱形ABCD 绕点O 逆时针旋转90°得到菱形A B C D ′′′′,两个菱形的公共点为E ,F ,G ,H .对八边形BFB GDHD E ′′给出下面四个结论: ①该八边形各边长都相等;②该八边形各内角都相等;③点O 到该八边形各顶点的距离都相等;④点O 到该八边形各边所在直线的距离都相等。
广东省深圳市福田区外国语学校2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中数学试题(解析版)
2023-2024 学年第一学期期中调研九年级数学试卷答题时间90分钟,满分100分.一.选择题(共 10 小题,每小题3分,共30分)1. 一个正方体截去四分之一,得到如图所示的几何体,其左视图是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】运用三种视图的空间方位进行解题.【详解】解:A 、选项不符合三种视图,不符合题意;B 、选项是主视图,不符合题意;C 、选项是右视图,不符合题意;D 、选项是左视图,符合题意;故选:D .【点睛】本题考查了学生的思考能力和对几何体三种视图的空间想象能力.2. 在一个不透明的盒子里装有若干个白球和15个红球,这些球除颜色不同外其余均相同,每次从袋子中摸出一个球记录下颜色后再放回,经过多次重复试验,发现摸到白球的频率稳定在 0.4 左右,则袋中白球约有( )A. 10 个B. 15 个C. 20 个D. 25 个【答案】A【解析】【分析】此题考查了用频率估计概率,以及概率公式,利用如果一个事件有n 种可能,而且这些事件的可能性相同,其中事件A 出现m 种结果,那么事件A 的概率是解题的关键.【详解】解:设白球有x 个,则 0.415x x =+,解得:10x =,经检验:10x =是原方程的解,∴10x =,故选A .3. 如图,矩形ABCD 中,对角线 AC BD 、交于点 O .若608AOB BD ∠=°=,,则 AB 的长为( )A. 3B. 4C.D. 5【答案】B【解析】 【分析】题考查矩形的性质和等边三角形的判定和性质.通过矩形的性质推出ABO 为等边三角形是解题的关键.【详解】∵ABCD 是矩形,∴1842OA OB OC OD BD =====, 又∵60AOB ∠=°,∴ABO 是等边三角形,∴4AB OA ==,故选B .4. 一元二次方程2430x x −−=的根的情况是( ). A. 没有实数根B. 只有一个实数根C. 有两个不相等的实数根D. 有两个相等的实数根 【答案】C【解析】【分析】先计算判别式的值,然后根据判别式的意义判断方程根的情况.【详解】解:2430x x −−=,其中a =1,b =-4,c =-3,()224441(3)280=−=−−××−=> b ac ,∴一元二次方程有两个不相等的实数根故选:C .【点睛】本题考查了根的判别式:一元二次方程ax 2+bx +c =0(a ≠0)的根与△=b 2-4ac 有如下关系:当△>0时,方程有两个不相等的实数根;当△=0时,方程有两个相等的实数根;当△<0时,方程无实数根. 5. 关于反比例函数6y x=,下列说法中不正确的是( ) A. 点()2,3−−在它的图象上 B. 图象关于原点中心对称C. 当0x >时,y 随x 的增大而增大D. 它的图象位于第一,三象限 【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题主要考查反比例函数的图象与性质,根据反比例函数的图象与性质逐一判断即可.熟练掌握反比例函数的图象与性质是解题的关键.【详解】解:A 、当2x =−时,则632y ==--,所以点()2,3−−在它的图象上,故不符合题意; B 、由反比例函数6y x=可知图象关于原点中心对称,故不符合题意; C 、当0x >时,y 随x 的增大而减小,故符合题意;D 、它的图象位于第一、三象限,故不符合题意;故选:C .6. 如图,为了测量某棵树的高度,小明用长为2m 的竹竿做测量工具,移动竹竿,使竹竿、树的顶端的影子恰好落在地面的同一点.此时,竹竿与这一点距离相距6m ,与树相距15m ,则树的高度是( )A. 7mB. 6mC. 5mD. 4m【答案】A【解析】 【分析】先说明△ADE ∽△ABC ,然后利用相似三角形的对应边成比例列式解答即可.【详解】解:如图:AD =6m ,AB =21m ,DE =2m ;∵DE //BC ,∴△ADE ∽△ABC ,∴DE AD BC AB =,即 2621BC =, 解得:BC =7m ,故选:A .【点睛】本题主要考查了相似三角形的判定与性质,发现并判定△ADE ∽△ABC 是解答本题的关键. 7. 在“双减政策”的推动下,我区某中学学生每天书面作业时长明显减少,2022年上学期每天书面作业平均时长为100min ,经过2022年下学期和2023年上学期两次调整后,2023年上学期平均每天书面作业时长为70min .设该校这两学期平均每天作业时长每期的下降率为x ,则可列方程为( )A. ()2701100x +=B. ()2701100x +=C. ()2100170x −=D. ()2100170x −=【答案】C【解析】 【分析】利用2023年上学期平均每天书面作业时长2022=年上学期每天书面作业平均时长(1×−该校这两学期平均每天作业时长每期的下降率2),即可列出关于x 的一元二次方程,此题得解.【详解】解:设根据题意得:()2100170x −=.故选:C .【点睛】本题考查了由实际问题抽象出一元二次方程,找准等量关系,正确列出一元二次方程是解题的关键. 8. 在同一平面直角坐标系中,函数()0y kx k k =−≠与y =()0k k x≠的大致图象可能是( )A. B. C.D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了反比例函数的图象和一次函数的图象,熟悉两函数中k 的符号对函数图象的影响是解题的关键.【详解】解:①当0k >时,y kx k =−过一、三、四象限;y =k x 位于一、三象限; ②当0k <时,y kx k =−过一、二、四象象限;y =k x 位于二、四象限. 观察图形可知,只有D 选项符合题意.故选D .9. 下列说法正确的是( )A. 两条对角线互相垂直的四边形是菱形B. 顺次连接菱形各边中点形成的四边形一定是矩形C. 已知点 C 为线段AB 2AB =,则 1AC =−D. 中午用来乘凉的树影是中心投影【答案】B【解析】 【分析】本题考查的是菱形的判定,中点四边形的判定,黄金分割的含义,平行投影的含义;本题根据菱形的判定,中点四边形的判定,黄金分割的含义结合线段的黄金分割点有2个,以及太阳光线是平行光线逐一分析判定即可,熟记基础概念是解本题的关键.【详解】解:两条对角线互相垂直的平行四边形是菱形,故A 不符合题意;顺次连接菱形各边中点形成的四边形一定是矩形,表述正确,故B 符合题意;如图,C 是AB 的黄金分割点,则AC AB ′=,则1AC ′=,或BC AB =,则1BC =−,∴)213AC =−−=C 不符合题意; 中午用来乘凉的树影是平行投影,故D 不符合题意;故选B10. 如图,在 ABC 中,9024ACB AC BC ∠=°==,,,ACB 绕顶点C 逆时针旋转得到DEC ,使点 D 落在 AB 边上,连接 EB ,则 BE 的长为( )A. B. C. D. 72【答案】A【解析】【详解】现根据旋转证得ECB ACD ,即2BE AD =,然后过点C 作CF AB ⊥于点F ,则2AD AF =,根据三角形的面积求出CF 长,然后利用勾股定理求出AF 即可解题.∴AB ,由旋转可知:42EC BC CD AC ====,,90ECD∠=°, ∵90ECB BCD ACD BCD ∠+∠=∠+∠=°,∴ECB ACD ∠=∠, 又∵2ECBC CD AC==, ∴ECB ACD ∽, ∴2BE BC AD AC==,即2BE AD =, 过点C 作CF AB ⊥于点F ,则2AD AF =, ∵1122ABC S AC BC AB CF =×=× ,∴AC BC CF AB ×==∴AF ,∴2AD AF ==,即2BE AD == 故选:A .【点睛】本题考查旋转的性质,相似三角形的判定和性质,勾股定理,等腰三角形的性质,作辅助线构造“三线合一”是解题的关键.二.填空题(共5小题,每小题3分,共15分)11. 已知方程²30x mx ++=的一个根是1,则m 的值是_______【答案】-4【解析】【分析】将x=1代入方程中即可求出m 的值.【详解】解:由题意可知,将x=1代入方程中得到:1²+m+3=0,解得m=-4,故答案为:-4.【点睛】本题考查了一元二次方程方程解得概念,告诉方程的解就是将解代入方程中,等号两边相等即可.12. 如图,ABC 中,点D 、E 分别在线段AB 、AC 上,DE BC ∥,若4=AD ,6BD =,2AE =,则CE 的长是 _____.【答案】3【解析】【分析】根据DE BC ∥,易证AD AE DB EC =,再代入数据即可求解. 【详解】解:∵DE BC ∥, ∴AD AE DB EC=, ∵4=AD ,6BD =,2AE =, ∴426CE=, 解得:3CE =,故答案为:3.【点睛】本题主要考查了平行线分线段成比例定理,熟练地掌握平行线分线段成比例,是解题的关键. 13. 如图,甲楼AB 高 16 米,乙楼CD 坐落在甲楼的正北面,已知当地冬至中午12时,物高与影长的比是2:3, 已知两楼相距BD 为 12 米,那么甲楼的影子落在乙楼上的高 DE =_______米.【答案】8【解析】【分析】本题考查了相似三角形的应用和平行投影的知识;过E 作EF AB ⊥,利用平行投影的知识物高与影长的比是2:3,求出AF 的长度,进而求得DE BF AB AF ==−即可得出答案.解题的关键是利用平行投影的知识,求出AF 的长度.【详解】如图,过点E 作EF AB ⊥,垂足为点F ,在Rt ΔAFE 中,90AFE ∠=°,12EF BD ==∵物高与影长的比是2:3 ∴23AF EF =, ∴8AF =∵16AB =,∴1688DE BF AB AF ==−=−=故答案为:8米14. 如图,在 Rt AOB 中,904AOB OB AB ∠=°=,,∥x 轴,双曲线k y x=经过点B ,将AOB 绕点 B 逆时针旋转,使点 O 的对应点 D 落在 x 轴正半轴上,AB 的对应线段CB 恰好经过点 O .则 k 的值是_____.【答案】【解析】【分析】先求得BOD 是等边三角形,即可求得B 的坐标,然后根据待定系数法即可求得k 的值.【详解】∵ AB x 轴,ABO BOD ∴∠=∠,ABO CBD ∠=∠ ,BOD OBD ∴∠=∠,OB BD = ,BOD BDO ∴∠=∠,BOD ∴ 是等边三角形,如图,过点B 作BE x ⊥轴于点E ,60BOD ∴∠=°,∴30OBE ∠=°, ∴114222OE OB ==×=,∴BE(2B ∴,∵双曲线 k y x=经过点B ,2k ∴=×=故答案为:【点睛】本题考查了反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征,旋转的性质,等边三角形的判定和性质,待定系数法求反比例函数的解析式等,求得 BOD 是等边三角形是解题的关键.15. 如图,四边形ABCD F 是边AB 上的一点,连接DF ,点E 是边BC 延长线上的一点,且 DF DE ⊥,连接AC 交EF 于点Q ,若53AQ QC =,1AF =,则EF 的长为_____.【解析】【分析】过E 点作EG AB 交AC 的延长线于点G ,设EF 于CD 交于点P ,则有ADF CDE ≌,即可得到1AF CE EG ===,再证得QCP QGE QAF ∽∽,可以得到14EC GC BC CA ==,求出BF 和BE 长,利用勾股定理解题即可.【详解】解:过E 点作EG AB 交AC 的延长线于点G ,设EF 于CD 交于点P ,∵ABCD 是正方形,DF DE ⊥,∴90B DAF DCB DCE CEG ADC EDF ∠=∠=∠=∠=∠=∠=∠=°,AD DC =,45ACB ECG ∠=∠=°,AB CD , ∴ADF CDE ∠=∠, ∴ADF CDE ≌, ∴1AF CE ==, 又∵45ECG ∠=°, ∴1EC EG ==, ∵EG AB ,AB CD , ∴EG AB CD ,∴G CAB ∠=∠,B BEG ∠=∠, ∴QCP QGE QAF ∽∽, ∴35QC PC PC PQ QG EG AF QF ====, ∴2184GC CA ==, 又∵EG AB CD , ∴14ECGC BC CA ==, ∴4BC AB ==, ∴35BF BE ==,,∴EF ,【点睛】本题考查相似三角形的判定和性质,勾股定理,全等三角形的判定和性质,正方形的性质,作辅助线构造相似三角形是解题的关键.三.解答题(共7小题,共55分)16. 解方程:(1)24120x x −−=; (2)22210x x −−=.【答案】(1)16x =,22x =−(2)112x =+,212x =−【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了解一元二次方程的配方法和因式分解法,关键是熟练掌握各自的解题方法. (1)利用因式分解法求解,“因式分解法就是先把方程的右边化为0,再把左边通过因式分解化为两个一次因式的积的形式,那么这两个因式的值就都有可能为0,这就能得到两个一元一次方程的解,也就是把原方程进行了降次转化为解一元一次方程”;(2)利用配方法解方程,解题时要注意解题步骤的准确使用,把左边配成完全平方式,右边化为常数,然后开平方求解即可. 【小问1详解】 解:24120x x −−=,()()260x x +−=, ∴20x +=或60x −=, ∴12x =−,26x =;【小问2详解】解: 22210x x −−=,∴2221x x −=,则212x x −=,∴222111222x x −+=+, 221324x x −+= ,即21324x−=,则12x −,∴112x =+,212x =. 17. 小红爸爸积极参加社区志愿服务工作.根据社区安排,志愿者被随机分到A 组(清除小广告)、B 组(便民代购)和C 组(环境消杀). (1)小红爸爸被分到B 组概率是____________;(2)某中学王老师也参加了该社区的志愿者队伍,请用画树状图或列表的方法求他和小红的爸爸被分到同一组的概率. 【答案】(1)13(2)13【解析】【分析】(1)小红爸爸随机分到一组有3种情况,其中1种是分到B 组,根据概率公式可得答案; (2)通过画树状图,得出一共有多少种情况,再从中选出满足条件有多少种情况,最后根据概率公式可得答案. 【小问1详解】解:∵小红爸爸随机分到一组有3种情况,其中1种是分到B 组, ∴小红爸爸被分到B 组的概率为13; 故答案为:13【小问2详解】解:小红爸爸和王老师分组可用树状图表示如下:的的由树状图可知,共有9种等可能结果,其中小红爸爸和王老师被分到同一组的结果有三种,分别是()()(),,,,,A A B B C C ,∴()3193P ==小红爸爸和王老师被分到同一组. 【点睛】本题考查了利用树状图法求概率、概率公式,解本题的关键在通过画树状图法,得出一共的情况数和满足条件的情况数.18. 已知:ABC 三个顶点的坐标分别为()()()225415A B C −−−,-,,-,,-.(1)画出ABC 关于 x 轴对称的111A B C △,并写出点1C 的坐标______;(2)以点 O 为位似中心,将ABC 放大为原来的 2 倍,得到222A B C △,请在网格中画出222A B C △,并写出点2B 的坐标为______,222ABC A B C S S = ∶______. 【答案】(1)见解析,()115C −, (2)加解析,()2108B ,,14∶【解析】【分析】此题考查了作轴对称图形及位似图形,(1)分别确定对称点111A B C ,,,顺次连线即可;(2)分别连接AO BO CO ,,并延长二倍,确定点222A C B ,,,顺次连线即可得到222A B C △,利用位似图形的性质即可解答. 【小问1详解】 解:如图:111A B C △即为所求,()115C −,;故答案为:()115C −,; 【小问2详解】 解:如图:222A B C △即为所求,由图可知:()2108B ,, ABC 与222A B C △位似,位似比12∶,2221ABC A B C S S ∴= ∶∶4. 故答案为:()2108B ,,14∶.19. “荔枝”是深圳地方名优特产,深受消费者喜爱,某超市购进一批“荔枝”,进价为每千克24元,调查发现,当销售单价为每千克40元时,平均每天能售出20千克,而当销售单价每降价1元时,平均每天能多售出2千克,设每千克降价x 元.(1)当一斤荔枝降价6元时,每天销量可达______千克,每天共盈利______元;(2)若超市要使这种“荔枝”的销售利润每天达到330元,且让顾客得到实惠,则每千克应降价多少元?【答案】19. 32;320 20. 5元 【解析】【分析】本题考查了一元二次方程的应用,找准等量关系,正确列出一元二次方程是解题的关键. (1)由题意:当销售单价为每千克40元时,平均每天能售出20千克,而当销售单价每降价1元时,平均每天能多售出2千克.即可得出结论;(2)由题意:超市要使这种“荔枝”的销售利润每天达到330元,列出一元二次方程,解方程,即可解决问题.是【小问1详解】解: 由题意得:销售数量为202632+×=千克;利润为()()402462620320−−××+=元; 故答案为:32;320; 【小问2详解】由题意得:()()4024202330x x −−+=, 解得: 1,5,x x ==₁₁ ∵让顾客得到实惠,5x ∴=, 答:销售利润每天达到330元,且让顾客得到实惠,每千克应降价5元.20. 如图,在菱形ABCD 中,对角线AC ,BD 交于点O ,过点A 作AE ⊥BC 于点E ,延长BC 到点F ,使CF =BE ,连接DF .(1)求证:四边形AEFD (2)连接OE ,若AD =5,EC =2,求OE 的长度. 【答案】(1)见解析;(2【解析】【分析】(1)根据菱形的性质得到AD ∥BC 且AD =BC ,等量代换得到BC =EF ,推出四边形AEFD 是平行四边形,根据矩形的判定定理即可得到结论;(2)由菱形的性质得AD =AB =BC =10,由勾股定理求出AE =4,AC,再由直角三角形斜边上的中线性质即可得出答案.【详解】证明:(1)∵四边形ABCD 是菱形, ∴AD ∥BC 且AD =BC , ∵BE =CF , ∴BC =EF , ∴AD =EF ,是∵AD ∥EF ,∴四边形AEFD 是平行四边形, ∵AE ⊥BC , ∴∠AEF =90°,∴四边形AEFD 是矩形;(2)解:∵四边形ABCD 是菱形,AD =5, ∴AD =AB =BC =5, ∵EC =2, ∴BE =5-2=3, 在Rt △ABE 中,4AE ===,在Rt △AEC 中,AC ,∵四边形ABCD 是菱形, ∴OA =OC ,∴OE =12AC【点睛】本题考查了矩形的判定和性质,菱形的性质,勾股定理,直角三角形斜边上的中线性质等知识;根据菱形的性质得到AD ∥BC 且AD =BC ,等量代换得到BC =EF 是解题的关键.21. (1)如图1,在平面直角坐标系中,一次函数y ax b =+的图象与反比例函数ky x=的图象交于点()1,2A 和()2,B m −.①直接写出=a ____,b =____,k =____; ②请直接写出不等式kax b x+>的解集____;连接OA 、OB ,则AOB S =△_______.(2)如图 2,直线 :2l y x m =−+与 x ,y 轴分别交于 A 、B 两点,点 M 是双曲()40y x x=>上一点,分别连接MA 、MB .在双曲线上是否存在点 M ,使得以BM 为斜边的MAB △与AOB 相似?若存在,请求出点 M 的坐标; 若不存在,请说明理由.【答案】(1)①1,1,2;②20x −<<或1x >;32;(2)()4,1M 【解析】【分析】(1)①将()1,2A 代入k y x=求出k 的值,得到2y x =,然后将()2,B m −代入2y x =求出()2,1B −−,然后利用待定系数法将()1,2A ,()2,1B −−代入y ax b =+求解即可; ②根据图象结合A ,B 两点的坐标即可求出不等式kax b x+>的解集;设直线AB 与y 轴交于点C ,首先求出点C 的坐标,得到1OC =,然后利用AOBAOC COB S S S =+ 代数求解即可; (2)首先根据题意求出OB m =,2m=,过点M 作ME x ⊥轴于点M ,过点A 作AF BM ⊥交BM 于点F ,根据相似三角形的性质得到2mAO AF ==,OE OA AE m =+=,然后证明出BOA AEM ∽ ,进而得到,4m M m,然后代入()40y x x =>求解即可.【详解】(1)①根据题意得, 将()1,2A 代入k y x=得,21k=,解得2k =, ∴2y x=, 将()2,B m −代入2y x =得,212m ==−−, ∴()2,1B −−,将()1,2A ,()2,1B −−代入y ax b =+,得221a b a b +=−+=−,解得11a b = = ;故答案为:1,1,2; ②∵()1,2A ,()2,1B −−, ∴根据图象可得,不等式kax b x+>解集20x −<<或1x >; 如图所示,设直线AB 与y 轴交于点C ,∵1a =,1b =, ∴1y x =+,∴当0x =时,11y x =+=, ∴()0,1C , ∴1OC =,∴1131121222AOB AOC COB S S S =+=××+××= ; 故答案为:20x −<<或1x >;32;(2)∵直线 :2l y x m =−+与 x ,y 轴分别交于 A 、B 两点, ∴当0x =时,2y x m m =−+=, ∴OB m =,当0y =时,02x m =−+,解得2mx =, ∴2m AO =, 如图所示,过点M 作ME x ⊥轴于点M ,过点A 作AF BM ⊥交BM 于点F ,的∵BOA BAM ∽ ,∴ABO ABF ∠=∠,∵AF BM ⊥,AO BO ⊥, ∴2m AO AF ==, ∵BOA BAM ∽ ,∴BAO BMA ∠=∠,90BAM AOB ∠=∠=°, ∴90BAO MAE ∠+∠=°,∵ME x ⊥轴,∴90AME MAE ∠+=°,∴BAO AME ∠=∠,∴BMA AME ∠=∠,∵AF BM ⊥,ME x ⊥轴, ∴2m AF AE ==, ∴OE OA AE m =+=,∵BAO AME ∠=∠,90BOA AEM ∠=∠=°,∴BOA AEM ∽ , ∴OB AE OA ME =,即2m AE m ME =, ∴124m ME AE ==, ∴,4m M m, ∵点 M 是双曲()40y x x =>上一点, ∴44m m=,即216m =, 解得4m =或4−(舍去),∴()4,1M .【点睛】本题是一次函数和反比例函数的交点问题,考查了待定系数法求函数的解析式,三角形的面积以及函数与不等式的关系,相似三角形的性质和判定等知识,数形结合是解题的关键.相似三角形的性质:相似三角形对应边成比例,对应角相等.相似三角形的判定方法:①两组角对应相等的两个三角形相似;②三边对应成比例的两个三角形相似;③两边对应成比例且夹角相等的两个三角形相似.22. 综合与实践:在综合与实践课上,老师让同学们以“折叠”为主题开展数学活动.【问题发现】(1)如图 1,在正方形 ABCD 中,6AB BC ==,F 为BC 边的中点,E 为 AB 边上一点,连接 DE DF 、,分别将ADE 和 CDF 沿 DE DF 、翻折,点 A 、C 的对应点分别为点 G 、H ,点 G 与点 H 重合,则EDF ∠=____°,AE =_____;【类比探究】(2)如图2,在矩形ABCD 中,54AB BC ==,,F 为BC 边的中点,E 为AB 边上一点,连接DE DF 、,分别将ADE 和CDF 沿 DE DF 、翻折,点A 、C 的对应点分别为点G 、H ,且D 、H 、G 三点共线,求AE 的长.【拓展延伸】(3)如图3,在菱形ABCD 中,660AB D ∠==°,,F 为CD 边上的三等分点,E 为BC 边上一点,连接AE AF 、,分别将ABE 和ADF 沿 AE AF 、翻折,点D 、B 的对应点分别为点G 、H ,点G 与点H 重合,直线GE 交直线AB P ,请直接写出PB 的长.【答案】(1)45°,2 (2)45°,127 (3)125或34【解析】 【分析】(1)由翻折可得,3AEEG CF FG ===,在Rt EBF 中利用勾股定理解题即可; (2)延长DG 交AB 于点M ,连接FG ,由翻折可得FGM FBM ≌,即可得到GM BM =,在Rt ADM 中运用勾股定理解题;(3)分2DF =和4DF =两种情况解题解题,如图,当点F 为DC 的三等分点时,4DF =,则2FC =,设直线GE 交直线CD 于点Q ,连接AC ,过点E 作EN DC ⊥交DC 的延长线于点N ,则有FQG EQC ≌,即FQ QE =,再在Rt ENQ 中利用勾股定理求出CQ ,最后根据相似三角形的对应边成比例解题即可.【详解】(1)∵四边形ABCD 是正方形,6,90AD AB BCD ∴==∠=°,∵F 为AD 的中点,3CF BF ∴==,∵将ADE 和CDF 沿CE CF 、翻折, 点A C 、的对应点分别为点G H 、,,3AE EG CF FG ∴===,设 ,AE x =则 6,BE x =−3EF x ∴=+,²²²EF BE BF =+ ,()()3?6?3?x x ∴+=−+,解得2x =2AE ∴=, ∵将ADE 和CDF 沿CE CF 、, 点A C 、的对应点分别为点G H 、,,ADE GDE CDF GDF ∴∠=∠∠=∠,90BCD ∠=° ,11904522EDF ADC ∴∠=∠=×°=°, 故答案为: 45°,2;(2)延长DG 交AB 于点M ,连接FG ,∵F 为BC 边的中点,∴2CF BF ==由翻折可得:2FG CF BF ===,90DGF C B A DHE ∠=∠=∠=∠=∠=°,5DG DC AB ===,AE EH =,又∵FM FM =,∴FGM FBM ≌,∴GM BM =,设MB x =,则5DM x =+,5AM x =−,在Rt ADM 中,222AD AM DM +=,即()()222455x x +−=+, 解得:45x =, ∴295DM =,215AM =, ∵1111122222ADM S AM AD AE AD DM EH AE AD DM AE =×=×+×=×+× ∴21412529745AM AD AE AD DM ××===++;(3)①如图,当点F 为DC 2DF =,则4FC =,设直线GE 交CD 于点Q , ∵ABCD 是菱形,∴120DAB DCB ∠=∠=°,6AD DC BC ===,60D ABC ∠=∠=°,由翻折可得:DAF GAF ∠=∠,BAE GAE ∠=∠,D AGF ∠=∠=60ABC AGE ∠=∠=°,FG FD =,∴120FGQ QCE ∠=°=∠,60EAF ∠=°连接AC ,则ACD 是等边三角形,60ACE D EAF CAD ∠=∠=∠=∠=°,∴DAF CAE ∠=∠,AD AC =,∴ADF ACE ≌,∴2EC DF FG ===,又∵FGQ QCE FQG EQC ∠=∠∠=∠,, ∴FQG EQC ≌,∴FQ QE =,过点E 作EN DC ⊥交DC 的延长线于点N ,则60ECN ∠=°,∴30CEN ∠=°, ∴112CN CE ==,∴EN =设CQ x =,则4FQ QE x ==−,在Rt ENQ 中,222EN NQ QE +=,即()()22214x x ++=−, 解得:65x =, 又∵ABCD 是菱形,∴AB DC ,∴DCB CBP ∠=∠,CQE P ∠=∠, ∴ECQ EBP ∽, ∴2BP EB CQ EC==, ∴6122255BP CQ ==×=; ②如图,当点F 为DC 的三等分点时,4DF =,则2FC =,设直线GE 交直线CD 于点Q ,连接AC ,过点E 作EN DC ⊥交DC 的延长线于点N ,由①可得,ADF ACE ≌,∴4EC DF FG ===,又∵FGQ QCE FQG EQC ∠=∠∠=∠,,∴FQG EQC ≌,∴FQ QE =,则60ECN ∠=°,∴30CEN ∠=°, ∴122CN CE ==,∴EN ,设CQ x =,则()422FQ QE x x ==−−=+,在Rt ENQ 中,222EN NQ QE +=,即(()()22222x x +−=+, 解得:32x =, 又∵ABCD 是菱形,∴AB DC ,∴DCB CBP ∠=∠,CQE P ∠=∠, ∴ECQ EBP ∽, ∴12BP EB CQ EC ==, ∴11332224BP CQ ==×=; 综上, BP 长为125或34. 【点睛】本题考查相似三角形的判定和性质,勾股定理,翻折的性质,全等三角形的判定和性质,矩形和菱形的性质,能作出辅助线构造直角三角形应用勾股定理计算是解题的关键.。
2019-2020学年广东省深圳市南山外国语学校集团高级中学高一(上)期中化学试卷(附答案详解)
2019-2020学年广东省深圳市南山外国语学校集团高级中学高一(上)期中化学试卷1.下列中草药煎制过程中,属于过滤操作的是()A. 冷水浸泡B. 加热煎制C. 箅渣取液D. 灌装保存2.下列事实与胶体知识有关的是()①晨雾中看见叶缝透过光束的通路②用明矾净水③静电除尘④在饱和氯化铁溶液中逐滴加入氢氧化钠溶液,产生红褐色沉淀⑤一支钢笔使用不同牌号的蓝黑墨水易出现堵塞⑥血液透析⑦用可见光鉴别红褐色的氢氧化铁胶体和溴水A. ①②⑤⑥⑦B. ①③④⑤⑥C. ①②③⑤⑥⑦D. 全部都有关3.按溶液、浊液、胶体的顺序排列正确的是()A. 雪碧、牛奶、豆浆B. 白糖水、泥水、血液C. 碘酒、珍珠奶茶、茶叶水D. 果冻、澄清石灰水、石灰浆4.对下列物质的分类正确的是()A. 盐酸属于纯净物B. SiO2、烧碱、明矾分别为酸性氧化物、碱、盐C. Cu、NaCl、HCl、氯水均为电解质D. CaO、Na2O、Na2O2均属于碱性氧化物5.下列我国古代的技术应用中,不涉及氧化还原反应的是()A. 煅烧贝壳B. 粮食酿醋C. 古法炼铁D. 火药爆炸6.下列化学方程式中,不能用离子方程式Ba2++SO42−=BaSO4↓表示的是()A. Ba(NO3)2+H2SO4=BaSO4↓+2HNO3B. BaCl2+Na2SO4=BaSO4↓+2NaClC. BaCO3+H2SO4=BaSO4↓+H2O+CO2↑D. BaCl2+H2SO4=BaSO4↓+2HCl7.某工厂排放的工业废水中可能含有K+、H+、Mg2+、SO42−、Cl−、NO3−等离子。
经检测废水呈明显的碱性,则可确定该厂废水中肯定不含有的离子组合是()A. H+、K+、NO3−B. K+、NO3−、SO42−C. H+、Mg2+D. K+、Mg2+、SO42−、Cl−−8.与100mL0.1mol/L硫酸钾溶液里钾离子物质的量浓度相同的是()A. 100mL0.2mol/L氯化钾溶液B. 200mL0.1mol/L硫酸钾溶液C. 100mL0.1mol/L硝酸钾溶液D. 50mL0.2mol/L碳酸钾溶液9.设N A为阿伏伽德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是()A. 24g镁在足量空气中充分燃烧时转移电子数大于2N AB. 将100ml0.1mol/L的FeCl3溶液滴入沸水中,可制得Fe(OH)3胶粒0.01N AC. 标准状况下,1.12L CCl4中含有的原子数目为0.25NAD. 3mol单质铁完全转化为Fe3O4,失去8N A电子10.amol H2SO4中含有b个氧原子,则阿伏加德罗常数可以表示为()A. (a4b )mol−1 B. (ba)mol−1 C. (ab)mol−1 D. (b4a)mol−111.下列示意图中,白球代表氢原子,黑球代表氦原子,方框代表容器,容器中间有一个可以上下滑动的隔板(其质量可忽略不计)。
广东省深圳市盐田区深圳外国语学校2025届高三上学期9月月考语文试题(含答案)
深圳外国语学校2024-2025学年度高三第一学期第二次月考语文试题试卷共8页,卷面满分150分,考试用时150分钟。
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一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一:脂砚斋有一段评语:“一部大书起是梦,宝玉情是梦,贾瑞淫是梦,秦(可卿)之家计长策又是梦,今(香菱)作诗也是梦,一并《风月鉴》亦从梦中所有,故《红楼梦》也。
余今批评亦在梦中,特为梦中之人特作此一大梦也。
”脂砚斋是有可能谙悉作家本人的创作心态乃至其人生观念的,上述评语道出的,未必不是《红楼梦》藉以诞生的一个心理动因,即作品是曹雪芹屡历幻灭之后“人生如梦”思想的某种程度的折射。
拆解作为全书总纲的前五回,便可洞悉两条重要线索:一条是“林黛玉抛父进京都”(第三回),这是全书现实故事(情事、家事、政事抑或还有国事)的“真正”开端,也是主要人物活动地——贾府——生活的“真正”开始;另一条是“游幻境指迷十二钗”(第五回),这是全书梦幻故事的“真正”开端,也是以总体预述的方式对众女钗未来命运的第一次(也是最全面的一次)暗示。
这两条线,分别是对悲剧男女主人公的第一次较全面描写,也借助他们的活动分别敲响人间(大观园)现实故事和天上(太虚幻境)神话故事的开场锣。
自此,各种矛盾遂陆续展开,各色人等方粉墨登场。
在前五回中,作者安排一甄一贾、一僧一道的出现,主要是为了全面交待两个故事得以产生、发展的环境与背景,其中的僧道更起着连接天上与人间、梦幻与现实的艺术重任。
作家着力刻画现实与神话两个世界(其实质为一个世界)的艺术初衷在“总纲”部分已露端倪,神话是现实的前缘,现实是神话的后续,两个世界的并置与交融才是作品的结构主框。
这一以神话为起点、支点和终点的结构主框是梦化的、超俗的,因而也是极富有诗意。
2023-2024学年广东省深圳外国语学校高一上学期期末英语试题
2023-2024学年度高一第一学期期末考试英语试题注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号码等信息填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时,务必将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
第一部分听力(20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)第一节听下面4段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the man do on Friday morning?A. Give a lecture.B. Go on a business trip.C. Attend a parents’ meeting.2. What caused the woman to come home late?A. Attending an interview.B. Seeing a doctor.C. Visiting Peter.3. Where will the speakers go?A. To the woman’s house.B. To the man’s company.C. To a restaurant.4. What are the speakers talking about?A. William’s travel experiences.B. The woman’s views on traveling.C. The importance of making travel plans.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从所听到的内容中获取信息,回答相应小题。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第5段材料,回答第5、6题。
广东省深圳市南山第二外国语学校(集团)2022-2023学年八年级上学期期中考试数学试卷(解析版)
2022—2023学年第一学期期中检测八年级数学试卷一、选择题:(本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分.每小题有四个选项,其中只有一个是正确的.)1. 的值为()B. C. ±2 D. 2【答案】D【解析】表示4的算术平方根,由此即可得到结果.【详解】解:∵4的算术平方根为2,的值为2.故选:D.【点睛】此题主要考查了算术平方根的定义,算术平方根的概念易与平方根的概念混淆而导致错误.弄清概念是解决本题的关键.2. 下列各组数据中,不是勾股数的是()A. 3,4,5B. 5,7,9C. 5,12,13D. 7,24,25【答案】B【解析】【分析】判断是否为勾股数,首先这三个数都要是正整数,同时还需验证两较小数的平方和是否等于最大数的平方.【详解】解:A 、32+42=52,能构成直角三角形,都是正整数,故选项不符合题意;B 、52+72≠92 ,不能构成直角三角形,故选项符合题意;C 、52+122=132,能构成直角三角形,都是正整数,故选项不符合题意;D 、72+242=252,能构成直角三角形,都是是整数,故选项不符合题意;故选: B .【点睛】此题主要考查了勾股数的定义,熟记勾股数的定义是解题的关键.3. 下列各点在第二象限的是()A. ()B. ()2,1−C. ()0,1−D. ()2,1-【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据第二象限点的特征:(),−+ 进行判断即可;【详解】解:A 、()在x 轴上,不符合题意;B 、()2,1−在第二象限,符合题意;C 、()0,1−在y 轴上,不符合题意;D 、()2,1-在第四象限,不符合题意; 故选B .【点睛】本题考查平面坐标系下点的特征.熟练掌握不同象限点的特征是解题的关键.4. 若一次函数1y mx =−的图象经过点(10),,则m 的值为( ) A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4 【答案】A【解析】【分析】将点(1,0)代入即可求解.【详解】解:将(1,0)代入,得:m -1=0,解得m =1,故选:A .【点睛】本题考查待定系数法求解析式,将点(1,0)代入一次函数解析式是解题的关键.5. 在 3.5−,227,0,2π,,,0.151151115中,无理数有( ) A. 1个B. 2个C. 3个D. 4个 【答案】B【解析】【分析】无理数就是无限不循环小数.理解无理数的概念,一定要同时理解有理数的概念,有理数是整数与分数的统称.即有限小数和无限循环小数是有理数,而无限不循环小数是无理数.由此即可判定选择项.【详解】解:在-3.5,227,0,2π,-,0.151151115中,无理数有2π共2个. 故选:B .【点睛】此题主要考查了无理数的定义,其中初中范围内学习的无理数有:π,2π等;开方开不尽的数;以及像0.1010010001…(相邻两个1之间0的个数逐次加1),等有这样规律的数.6. 下列计算正确的是( )A.B. 2=±C.D. 18= 【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据二次根式的加法对选项A 进行判断,根据二次根式的性质对选项B 进行判断,根据二次根式的乘法对选项C 进行判断,根据二次根式的除法对选项D 进行判断,即可得.【详解】解:A,选项说法错误,不符合题意;B2=,选项说法错误,不符合题意;C==,选项说法正确,符合题意; D,选项说法错误,不符合题意;故选:C .【点睛】本题考查了二次根式的运算,解题的关键是掌握二次根式运算的相关法则.7. 关于函数2y x =−+有下列结论,其中错误的是( ) A. 图象经过点()1,1B. 若点()10,A y ,()22,B y 图象上,则12y y >C. 图象向下平移2个单位长度后,图象经过点()0,1D. 当2x >时,0y <【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据一次函数的性质及一次函数图象上点的坐标特点对各选项进行逐一分析即可.【详解】解:A 、当1x =时,21y x =−+=,故图象经过点(1,1),故本选项正确,不合题意; B 、 函数2y x =−+中,10k =−<, y ∴随x 的增大而减小,02<Q ,12y y ∴>,故本选项正确,不合题意;在C 、根据平移的规律,函数2y x =−+的图象向下平移2个单位长度得解析式为y x =−,所以当0x =时,0y =,则图象经过点()0,0,故本选项错误,符合题意; D 、把2x =代入函数20y x =−+=,所以当2x >时,0y <,故本选项正确,不符合题意. 故选:C .点睛】本题考查了一次函数(0)y kx b k =+≠的性质:当0k >,图象经过第一、三象限,y 随x 增大而增大;当0k <,图象经过第二、四象限,y 随x 增大而减小;当0b >,图象与y 轴的交点在x 的上方;当0b =,图象经过原点;当0b <,图象与y 轴的交点在x 的下方,也考查了一次函数的图象与几何变换.8. 大家都知道,九点五十五分可以说成十点差五分.这启发人们设计了一种新的加减记数法.比如:9写成11,11101=−,198写成202,2022002=−;7683写成12323,123231000023203=−+,…总之,数字上画一杠表示减去它,按这个方法请计算:1231789−=( )A. 540B. 509C. 500D. 491【答案】A【解析】 分析】先根据新定义计算出()()1231789120031700809−=−−−+,再计算可得答案. 【详解】解:由题意知1231789− ()()120031700809=−−−+120031700809=−−+−540=,故选:A .【点睛】本题考查有理数的混合运算,解题的关键是掌握新定义并熟练加以运用.9. 如图,小蓓要赶上去实践活动基地的校车,她从点A 知道校车自点B 处沿x 轴向原点O 方向匀速驶来,她立即从A 处搭一辆出租车,去截汽车.若点A 的坐标为()2,3,点B 的坐标为()8,0,汽车行驶速度与出租车相同,则小蓓最快截住汽车的坐标为( )【【A. ()2,0B. 7,02C. 17,04D. ()5,0【答案】C【解析】 【分析】如图,假设小蓓与汽车在D 点相遇,过点A 作AC OB ⊥,则小蓓的行进路线为AD ,设OD x =,则2CD x =−,8BD x =−,在Rt ACD △中,利用勾股定理求出()22232AD x =+−,再根据22BD AD =得出关于x 的方程,解方程求出x 即可得到相遇点的坐标.【详解】解:如图,假设小蓓与汽车在D 点相遇,过点A 作AC OB ⊥,∵点A 的坐标为()2,3,点B 的坐标为()8,0,∴3AC =,2OC =,8OB =,设OD x =,则2CD x =−,8BD x =−,在Rt ACD △中,222AD AC CD =+,∴()22232AD x =+−,∵汽车行驶速度与出租车相同,∴BD AD =,∴22BD AD =,即()()222832x x −=+−, 解得:174x =, ∴D 点坐标为17,04,故选:C .【点睛】本题考查了勾股定理在实际生活中的运用,能够根据题意画出图形,利用勾股定理得出方程是解题的关键.10. 如图,已知点()0A 1,,924B −−,,点P 在直线y x =上运动,则PA PB −的最大值为( )A. 174 B. 92 C. 4 D. 154【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据轴对称的性质可求得答案.【详解】解:作A 关于直线y x =对称点C ,∴OC OA =,∵()10A ,,∴C 的坐标为()01,;连接CB 并延长,交直线y x =于P 点, 此时PA PB PC PB BC −=−=,取得最大值,∴154PA PB BC −==.故选D .【点睛】本题考查了一次函数图像上点的坐标特征,轴对称−最短路线问题,正确的作出辅助线是解决本题的关键.二、填空题:(本题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分.)11. 已知平面直角坐标系中,点()2a ,和点()23−,关于原点对称,则=a ______. 【答案】3−【解析】【分析】若两点关于原点对称,则两点的横坐标之和为0,纵坐标之和为0,据此可分别求出a 、b 的值.【详解】解:∵点()2a ,和点()23−,关于原点对称, ∴30a +=,解得3a =−,故答案为:3−.【点睛】本题考查平面直角坐标系中两点关于原点对称的相关知识点,了解关于原点对称的两点横、纵坐标之和均为0是本题的关键.12. 如图,小正方形的边长为1,则数轴上点A 所表示的实数是______.【答案】1−【解析】【分析】根据正方形的性质求得圆的半径的长,进而即可求得答案.【详解】解:∵小正方形的边长为1且对角线为圆的半径,∴圆的半径,由图可得点A 在圆上,∴点A 所表示的实数是1−+,故答案为:1−+【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质、勾股定理和数轴,灵活运用所学知识求解是解决本题的关键. 13. 已知||1(2)23k y k x k −=−+−是关于x 的一次函数,则k =_______.【答案】2−【解析】【分析】根据一次函数定义,求出k 的值即可. 【详解】解:∵1(2)23k y k x k −=−+−是关于x 的一次函数, ∴1120k k −= −≠, 解得:2k =−或2k =(舍去); 所以2k =−.故答案为:2−.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数的定义,掌握一次函数的定义,解题的关键是列出方程正确求出k 的值. 14. 如图1,是一个封闭的勾股水箱,其中I ,II , III 部分是可盛水的正方形,且相互联通,已知∠ACB =90°,AC =6,BC =8,开始时III 刚好盛满水,而I ,II 无水.如图2摆放时,水面刚好经过III 的中心O (正方形两条对角线的交点),则II 中有水部分的面积为________.【答案】14【解析】【分析】由勾股定理求出AB =10,根据已知条件得到Ⅲ部分的水为整个正方形面积的一半,即Ⅲ部分的有水部分的面积为50,于是得到结论.【详解】解:∵∠ACB =90°,AC =6,BC =8,∴AB10=,∴Ⅲ部分的面积是100,∵水面刚好经过Ⅲ的中心O ,∴Ⅲ部分的水为整个正方形面积的一半,即Ⅲ部分的有水部分的面积为50,的∴Ⅱ中有水部分的面积为100-36-50=14,故答案为:14.【点睛】本题考查了勾股定理,正方形的面积的计算,熟练掌握勾股定理是解题的关键.15. 如图,点A1(2,2)在直线y=x上,过点A1作A1B1∥y轴交直线y=12x于点B1,以点A1为直角顶点,A1B1为直角边在A1B1的右侧作等腰直角△A1B1C1,再过点C1作A2B2∥y轴,分别交直线y=x和y=12x于A2,B2两点,以点A2为直角顶点,A2B2为直角边在A2B2的右侧作等腰直角△A2B2C2…,按此规律进行下去,则等腰直角△A n B n C n的面积为_____.(用含正整数n的代数式表示)【答案】22 21 3 2nn−−【解析】【分析】【详解】解:∵点A1(2,2),A1B1∥y轴交直线y=12x于点B1,∴B1(2,1)∴A1B1=2﹣1=1,即△A1B1C1面积=12×12=12;∵A1C1=A1B1=1,∴A2(3,3),又∵A2B2∥y轴,交直线y=12x于点B2,∴B2(3,3 2),∴A2B2=3﹣32=32,即△A2B2C2面积=12×(32)2=98;以此类推,A3B3=94,即△A3B3C3面积=12×(94)2=8132;A 4B 4=278,即△A 4B 4C 4面积=12×(278)2=729128; … ∴A n B n =(32)n ﹣1,即△A n B n C n 的面积=12×[(32)n ﹣1]2=222132n n −−. 三、解答题:(本题共7小题,共55分.其中第16题10分,17、18、19、20每小题7分,21题8分,22题9分)16. 计算:(1)()101123π− −+−+(2)(21++【答案】(1(2)163【解析】【分析】(1)根据零指数幂、负整数指数幂、绝对值的意义及二次根式的加减计算;(2)先根据二次根式的乘除法则运算,然后化简后合并即可.【小问1详解】解:原式123=++=.【小问2详解】解:原式13=−++4133=−++ 163=. 【点睛】本题主要考查零指数幂、负整数指数幂、绝对值的意义和二次根式混合运算,解题的关键是要熟练掌握完全平方公式.17. A 、B 、C 三点在单位长度为1的直角坐标系内位置如图.(1)分别写出A 、B 、C 的坐标;(2)求线段BC 的长度;(3)画出ABC ∆关于x 轴对称111A B C ∆,并求111A B C ∆的面积.【答案】(1)(0,3)A ,(4,4)B −,(2,1)C −(2)BC =(3)5【解析】【分析】(1)根据题意,通过观察图像即可求出答案;(2)如图所示(见详解),构造直角三角形,利用勾股定理即可求出答案;(3)如图所示(见详解),利用“割补法”即可求出答案.【小问1详解】解:A 、B 、C 都在格点上,单位长度为1,∴(0,3)A ,(4,4)B −,(2,1)C −故答案是:(0,3)A ,(4,4)B −,(2,1)C −.【小问2详解】解:如图所示,过点B 作x 轴的垂线,过点C 作y 轴的垂线并反方向延迟,两条垂线交于点D ,得直角三角形BCD △,且3BD =,2CD =,∴BC ,故BC .【小问3详解】解:x 轴对称的111A B C △如图所示,计算111A B C △的面积的方法如下图所示,∴3412EFBG S =×=长方形,1111422A B F S =××=△,1112222A C E S =××=△,1112332C B G S =××=△,∴111122235A B C S =−−−=△,故111A B C △的面积是5.【点睛】本题主要考查图形变换,掌握图形结合,对称,构造直角三角形,勾股定理是解题的关键. 18. 现有一楼房发生火灾,消防队员决定用消防车上的云梯救人,已知消防车高3m ,云梯最多只能伸长到10m ,救人时云梯伸至最长如图,云梯先在A 处完成从9m 高处救人后,然后前进到B 处从12m 高处救人.(1)DM = _____米,BB ′=______米,A M ′=______米;(2)求消防车两次救援移动的距离(即AB 的长度).(精确到0.1m 1.73≈,3.16≈4.36≈)【答案】(1)3;10;9(2)消防车两次救援移动的距离约为3.6m【解析】【分析】(1)根据题意,可得消防车的高为DM 的长,再根据题中图形,可得云梯的长为BB ′的长. (2)根据题意,可得A D ′的长,再根据勾股定理,即可得到消防车在A 处离楼房的距离,根据题意,可得B D ′的长,再根据勾股定理,可得到BD 的长,然后根据AB AD BD =−,即可算出消防车两次救援移动的距离.【小问1详解】解:根据题意得∶ 3m DM =, 10m BB ′=,9m A M ′=;故答案为∶ 3;10;9【小问2详解】解:由题意得3m DM =,10m AA ′=,9m A M ′=,10m BB ′=,12m B M ′=,∴936m A D A M DM ′′=−=−=,1239m B D B M DM ′′=−=−=,∴在Rt AA D ′ 中,8m AD =,在Rt BB D ′ 中, 4.36m BD =≈,∴8 4.36 3.6m AB AD BD =−=−≈.∴消防车两次救援移动的距离约为3.6m .【点睛】本题考查了数形结合思想,勾股定理等知识点,熟练运用数形结合思想是解本题的关键. 19. 《九章算术》中记载,浮箭漏(如图①)出现于汉武帝时期,它由供水壶和箭壶组成,箭壶内装有箭尺,水匀速地从供水壶流到箭壶,箭壶中的水位逐渐上升,箭尺匀速上浮,可通过读取箭尺读数计算时间.某学校科技研究小组仿制了一套浮箭漏,并从函数角度进行了如下实验探究.研究小组每2h 记录一次箭尺读数(箭尺最大读数为120cm ),得到下表: 供水时间x (h ) 0 2 4 6 8箭尺读数y (cm ) 6 18 30 42 54(1)如图②,建立平面直角坐标系,横轴表示供水时间()h x .纵轴表示箭尺读数()cm y ,描出以表格中数据为坐标的各点,并连线;(2)观察描出各点的分布规律,可以知道它是我们学过的______函数(填“正比例”或“一次”),通过计算我们发现该函数解析式为6y x b =+,请结合表格数据,求出b 的值; (3)应用上述得到的规律计算:①供水时间达到11h 时,箭尺的读数为多少cm ?②如果本次实验记录的开始时间是上午700:,那么当箭尺读数为90cm 时是几点钟?【答案】(1)见解析 (2)一次,6(3)①供水时间达到11h 时,箭尺的读数为72cm ;②当箭尺读数为90cm 时是2100:【解析】【分析】(1)由表格描点,连线即可;(2)根据函数图象可得是一次函数,用待定系数法可求出函数关系式;(3)①将11x =代入函数解析式求出y 即可;②求出90y =时x 的值,然后计算即可.【小问1详解】描出以表格中数据为坐标的各点,并连线,如图:【小问2详解】观察图象可知,它是我们学过的一次函数,∵所对应的函数解析式是6y x b =+, ∴将()06,,代入得:6b =, ∴函数解析式是66y x =+. 【小问3详解】由(2)知66y x =+. ①当11x =时,611672y =×+=,∴供水时间达到11h 时,箭尺的读数为72cm ;②当90y =时,即6690x +=,解得:14x =,即经过14h ,箭尺读数为90cm ,∵本次实验记录的开始时间是上午700:,∴当箭尺读数为90cm 时是2100:.【点睛】本题主要考查一次函数的应用,解题的关键是读懂题意,掌握待定系数法求函数解析式.20. 如图,P 是等边三角形ABC 内的一点,连接PA PB PC ,,,以BP 为边作60PBQ ∠=°,且BQ BP =,连接CQ .若345PA PB PC =::::,连接PQ .(1)证明:ABP CBQ ≌△△;(2)求APB ∠的度数.【答案】(1)见解析 (2)150°【解析】【分析】(1)根据等边三角形可得AB CB =,进而根据SAS 即可证明ABP CBQ ≌△△;(2)根据ABP CBQ ≌△△可得AP CQ BPA BQC =∠=∠,,则根据题意可设345PA a PB a PC a ===,,,最后结合勾股定理的逆定理即可得到结论 .【小问1详解】证明:∵ABC 是等边三角形,60PBQ ∠=°, ∴60ABC PBQ ∠=∠=°,AB CB =, ∴ABC PBC PBQ PBC ∠−∠=∠−∠.∴ABP CBQ ∠=∠. 在ABP 和CBQ △中,AB CB ABP CBQ BP BQ = ∠=∠ =, ∴()SAS ABP CBQ △≌△.【小问2详解】∵ABP CBQ ≌△△,∴AP CQ BPA BQC =∠=∠,. ∵345PA PB PC =::::,∴设345PA a PB a PC a ===,,.在PBQ 中,由于4PBBQ a ==,且60PBQ ∠=°, ∴PBQ 为等边三角形.∴604BQP PQ a ∠=°=,. 在PQC △中,∵22222216925PQ QC a a a PC +=+==,∴PQC △为直角三角形,90CQP ∠=°. ∴6090150BQC BQP CQP ∠=∠∠=°°=°++,∴150APB BQC ∠=∠=°. 【点睛】本题考查了全等三角形的判定和性质、等边三角形的判定和性质和勾股定理的逆定理,灵活运用所学知识求解是解决本题的关键.21. 著名数学教育家G ·波利亚,有句名言:“发现问题比解决问题更重要”,这句话启发我们:要想学会数学,就需要观察,发现问题,探索问题的规律性东西,要有一双敏锐的眼睛.请先阅读下列材料,再解决问题:数学上有一种根号内又带根号的数,它们能通过完全平方公式及二次根式的性质化去里面的一层根号.例1====+ 解决问题:(1③ ①:______,②:______,③______.(2【答案】(1)53(2)7【解析】【分析】(1)根据题意即可作答;(2)根据题意分别将两个式子算出,进而即可求解.【小问1详解】=3=+,故答案为:53+;【小问2详解】解:原式==52=−++7=.【点睛】本题考查了二次根式的混合运算,解决本题的关键是掌握完全平方公式.22. 如图,在平面直角坐标系中,已知点A ,B ,C 为ABC 的三个顶点,直线AB 的解析式为3y x b =+.(1)如图①,若点A 在y 轴上,点B 在x 轴上,()2,0C ,OB OC =,求A ,B 两点的坐标; (2)在(1)的条件下,过x 轴上一点()6,0D −作DEAC ⊥于E ,DE 交y 轴于点F ,求DOF 的面积;(3)如图②,将ABC 沿x 轴向左平移,AC 边与y 轴交于一点P (P 不同于A 和C 两点),过P 作一直线与AB 的延长线交于Q 点,与x 轴交于点M ,且CP BQ =,在ABC 平移过程中,M 点的坐标是否发生变化?如果不变,请写出M 点的坐标及理由.【答案】(1)()2,0B −,()0,6A(2)6 (3)M 点坐标不变化,()2,0M −,理由见解析的【解析】【分析】(1)根据()2,0C ,OB OC =得()2,0B−,根据直线AB 的解析式为3y x b =+,点A 在y 轴上,令0x =得6b =,即可得;(2)根据AO BC ⊥,DE AC ⊥得90FOD COA ∠=∠=°,即可得90ODF ACO OAC ACO ∠+∠=∠+∠=°,则ODF OAC ∠=∠,即可得()0,6A ,()6,0D −,则DO AO =,利用ASA 证明DOF AOC ≌△△,即可得;(3)过点P 作PN AB ∥交BC 于点N ,则1Q ∠=∠,ABC PNC ∠=∠,根据A ABC CB =∠∠得PNC PCB ∠=∠,则PN PC =,根据CP BQ =得PN BQ =,利用AAS 证明QBM PNM ≌△△,得MN BM =,根据PC PN =,PO CN ⊥,得ON OC =,根据+++BM MN ON OC BC =,可得122OM MN ON BC =+==,即可得. 【小问1详解】解.∵()2,0C ,OB OC =,∴()2,0B −,∵直线AB 的解析式为3y x b =+,点A 在y 轴上, ∴令0x =得6b =,∴()0,6A ;【小问2详解】解:∵AO BC ⊥,DE AC ⊥,∴90FOD COA ∠=∠=°,∴90ODF ACO OAC ACO ∠+∠=∠+∠=°,∴ODF OAC ∠=∠,∴()0,6A ,()6,0D −,∴DO AO =,在DOF 与AOC 中,ODF OAC OD OA FOD COA ∠=∠ = ∠=∠∴DOF AOC ≌△△(ASA ),∴1126622DOF AOC S S OA OB ===××= △△; 【小问3详解】 M 点的坐标不发生变化,()2,0M −,理由如下, 解:如图所示,过点P 作PN AB ∥交BC 于点N ,则1Q ∠=∠,ABC PNC ∠=∠,∵A ABC CB =∠∠,∴PNC PCB ∠=∠,∴PN PC =,∵CP BQ =,∴PN BQ =,在QBM 和PNH △中,123Q BQ PN ∠=∠ ∠=∠ =, ∴()QBM PNM AAS ≌△△,∴MN BM =,∵PC PN =,PO CN ⊥,∴ON OC =,∵+++BM MN ON OC BC =, ∴122OM MN ON BC =+==, ∴()2,0M −,即M点的坐标不发生变化.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数,全等三角形的判定与性质,等边对等角,解题的关键是掌握并灵活运用这些知识点.。
广东省深圳市南山外国语学校2024年七年级上册语文期中试卷(无答案)
2024年南山外国语学校第一学期期中考试七年级语文试卷(试卷总分:100分考试时间:100分钟)一、基础学问考查。
本大题共5小题,每题2分,共10分1.请选出下列加点词语字音、字形都正确的一项()A.酝酿.(niàn g) 黄晕.(yūn) 抖擞.(sǒu)人声鼎.(dǐn)沸B.粗犷.(kuàn g)倜.(tì)傥吝.(lìn)啬翻来复.(fù)去C.徘徊.(huái) 确凿.(záo) 着.(zhuó)落咄咄..(duō)逼人D.搓捻.(niǎn) 贪欲(1án)诅(zǔ)咒饥肠漉漉..(lù)2.下列加点词语运用错误的一项是()A.班主任很擅长发挥每个同学的特长,大家各得其所....,各尽所能地为班级作贡献。
B.参与舞会的人们,一个个把自己装扮得花枝招展....的。
C.到人迹罕至....的山里旅游要留意平安。
D.他尽然在众目睽睽....之下做出如此过分的享情。
3.下列句子没有语病的一项是()A.早晨,在深圳湾公园漫步的人们尽情地呼吸着清爽的空气和和煦的阳光。
B.思想内容是否健康,应是衡量好作品的重要标准。
C.这个问题你应当说明清晰,否则不行能不让人产生怀疑。
D.有的家长过分溺爱孩子,导致孩子缺乏生活自理实力。
4.下列句子排序正确是一项是()①一般地说,剧本的情节结构可以分为开端、发展、高潮和结局四个部分。
②戏剧冲突是社会冲突的反映,有它肯定的发展改变过程。
③“开端”开得好,就能逐步绽开冲突,紧紧地吸引观众。
④开端起着介绍人物关系和揭示冲突冲突的作用。
⑤这个过程就构成了剧本的情节结构。
A.②⑤①④③B.①④③⑤②C.③④②⑤①D.①③④②⑤5.下列句子说法错误的一项是()A.《论语》是儒家经典著作之一,共20篇,是记录孔子及其弟子言行的一部书。
B.“我的母亲要走大路,大路平顺;我的儿子要走小路,小路有意思.……不过,一切都取决于我。
2019-2020学年度第一学期最新部编版五年级上册语文期中测试卷可打印标准卷(含答案)
第1页 (共8页) 第2页 (共8页)密学校 班级姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题 2019-2020学年度第一学期部编版五年级语文期中测试卷(满分100分 时间90分钟)一、基础(36分) 1.看拼音写词语,把句子补充完整。
(8分)(1)这首小诗构思j īng qi ǎo ( ),但m ěi zh ōng b ù z ú( )的是情感表达不够细腻。
(2)家乡有句s ú y ǔ( ):“紧走搭石慢过桥。
”。
一排排搭石联结着乡亲们美好的q íng g ǎn ( )。
(3)这些雕塑品富有sh ī q íng hu à y ì( ),不禁让人拍手ch ēng z àn ( )。
2.找出下面词语的错别字画“——”,并在括号里改正。
(6分)香漂十里( ) 胁调有序( ) 付荆请罪( )狂风恕号( ) 完壁归赵( ) 金壁辉煌( )3.用“然”字组成不同的词填在下列句子中的括号里。
(5分)(1)这么难的一道奥数题,小亮( )没用三分钟就做出来啦。
(2)( )桂花树的样子笨笨的,但是我( )喜欢它。
(3)电灯( )灭了,屋子里变得黑漆漆的。
(4) 都说“桂林山水甲天下”,身临其境一看( )名不虚传。
4.在下列加点字中读音完全正确的后面打“√”,在读音有错的后面打“×”。
(3分)(1)假.(ji à)如 隆重.(zh òng ) 榨.( zh à )油 ( ) (2)胆怯.(qi è) 绰绰.(chu ò ) 间.(ji àn )隔 ( ) (3)眼睑.(li ǎn ) 传.(chu án )播 幻.(hu àn )想 ( ) 5.判断下列加点词语使用是否正确,对的打“√”,错的打“×”。
(4分) (1)他做事情很武断..,化解了许多危险。
2019-2020学年广东省深圳市南山区第二外国语学校七年级(上)期中数学试卷
2019-2020学年广东省深圳市南山区第二外国语学校七年级(上)期中数学试卷一、选择题(共12小题)1.(3分)在﹣3,﹣1,0,1四个数中,比﹣2小的数是()A.﹣3B.﹣1C.0D.12.(3分)温家宝总理有句名言:多么小的问题乘以13亿,都会变得很大;多么大的经济总量,除以13亿都会变得很小.将1 300 000 000用科学记数法表示为()A.13×108B.1.3×108C.1.3×109D.1.393.(3分)下列计算正确的是()A.﹣2a+5b=3ab B.﹣22+|﹣3|=7C.3ab2﹣5b2a=﹣2ab2D.+()﹣1=﹣14.(3分)如图是每个面上都有一个汉字的正方体的一种展开图,那么在原正方体“着”相对的面上的汉字是()A.冷B.静C.应D.考5.(3分)已知|a﹣2|+(b+3)2=0,则b a的值是()A.﹣6B.6C.﹣9D.96.(3分)如果单项式2a2m﹣5b n+2与ab3n﹣2的和是单项式,那么m和n的取值分别为()A.2,3B.3,2C.﹣3,2D.3,﹣27.(3分)若a,b互为相反数,c,d互为倒数,则代数式(a+b﹣1)(cd+1)的值是()A.1B.0C.﹣1D.﹣28.(3分)如图所示,有几滴墨水滴在数轴上,则被墨迹遮住的所有整数的和为()A.﹣11B.1C.﹣15D.﹣69.(3分)已知a﹣b=3,c+d=2,则(a+c)﹣(b﹣d)的值为()A.1B.﹣1C.5D.﹣510.(3分)下列说法,正确的有()(1)整数和分数统称为有理数;(2)任何有理数都有倒数;(3)一个数的绝对值一定为正数;(4)立方等于本身的数是1和﹣1.A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个11.(3分)若多项式ax2+2x﹣y2﹣7与x2﹣bx﹣3y2+1的差与x的取值无关,则a﹣b的值为()A.1B.﹣1C.3D.﹣312.(3分)古希腊著名的毕达哥拉斯学派把1,3,6,10…这样的数称为“三角形数”,而把1,4,9,16…这样的数称为“正方形数”.从图中可以发现,任何一个大于1的“正方形数”都可以看作两个相邻“三角形数”之和.下列等式中,符合这一规律的是()A.13=3+10B.25=9+16C.36=15+21D.49=18+31二、填空题(共4小题)13.(3分)如果风车顺时针旋转60°记作+60°,那么逆时针旋转25°记作.14.(3分)如果对于任何非零有理数a,b定义一种新的运算“★”如下:a★b=,则﹣4★2的值为.15.(3分)若代数式4x2﹣2x+5的值是7,则代数式2x2﹣x+1的值是.16.(3分)如下表,从左到右在每个小格中都填入一个整数,使得任意三个相邻格子所填整数之和都相等,则第2013个格子中的整数是.﹣4a b c6b﹣2…三、解答题(共7小题)17.计算与化简:(1)(2)(3)(4).18.化简(1)(﹣2ab+3a)﹣2(2a﹣b)+2ab;(2)先化简,再求值:5a2+3b2+2(a2﹣b2)﹣(5a2﹣3b2),其中a=﹣1,b=.19.5个棱长为1的正方体组成如图的几何体.(1)该几何体的体积是(立方单位),表面积是(平方单位)(2)画出该几何体的主视图和左视图.20.某出租车驾驶员从公司出发,在南北向的人民路上连续接送5批客人,行驶路程记录如下(规定向南为正,向北为负,单位:km):第1批第2批第3批第4批第5批5km2km﹣4km﹣3km10km(1)接送完第5批客人后,该驾驶员在公司什么方向,距离公司多少千米?(2)若该出租车每千米耗油0.2升,那么在这过程中共耗油多少升?(3)若该出租车的计价标准为:行驶路程不超过3km收费10元,超过3km的部分按每千米加1.8元收费,在这过程中该驾驶员共收到车费多少元?21.把四张形状大小完全相同的小长方形卡片(如图①)不重叠地放在一个底面长为8,宽为7的长方形盒子底部(如图②),盒子底面未被卡片覆盖的部分用阴影表示设图中小长方形的宽为m.(1)小长方形的长为(用含m的代数式表示);(2)求图②中两块阴影部分周长的和.22.观察下列等式,,,将以上三个等式两边分别相加得:.(1)猜想并写出:=.(2)直接写出下列各式的计算结果:①=;②=.(3)探究并计算:.23.结合数轴与绝对值的知识回答下列问题:(1)数轴上表示4和1的两点之间的距离是;表示﹣3和2两点之间的距离是;一般地,数轴上表示数m和数n的两点之间的距离等于|m﹣n|.如果表示数a和﹣2的两点之间的距离是3,那么a=;(2)若数轴上表示数a的点位于﹣4与2之间,求|a+4|+|a﹣2|的值;(3)当a取何值时,|a+5|+|a﹣1|+|a﹣4|的值最小,最小值是多少?请说明理由.。
深圳市南山区2019-2020学年七年级上期末数学试卷及解析
2019-2020学年广东省深圳市南山区七年级(上)期末数学试卷一、选择题(本题有12小题,每小题3分,共36分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确的选项用铅笔涂在答题卡上.)1.(3分)下列调查中,最适合采用普查方式进行的是()A.对深圳市居民日平均用水量的调查B.对一批LED节能灯使用寿命的调查C.对央视“新闻60分”栏目收视率的调查D.对某中学教师的身体健康状况的调查2.(3分)在下列日常生活的操作中,能体现基本事实“两点之间,线段最短”的是()A.用两颗钉子固定一根木条B.把弯路改直可以缩短路程C.用两根木桩拉一直线把树栽成一排D.沿桌子的一边看,可将桌子排整齐3.(3分)2017年11月19日上午8:00,“2017华润•深圳南山半程马拉松赛”在华润深圳湾体育中心(“春茧”)前正式开跑,共有约16000名选手参加了比赛.16000用科学记数法可表示为()A.0.16×104B.0.16×105C.1.6×104D.1.6×105 4.(3分)下列计算正确的是()A.3x2y﹣2x2y=x2y B.5y﹣3y=2C.3a+2b=5ab D.7a+a=7a25.(3分)如图,已知线段AB=10cm,M是AB中点,点N在AB上,NB=2cm,那么线段MN的长为()A.5cm B.4cm C.3cm D.2cm6.(3分)下列结论中,正确的是()A.单项式3xy27的系数是3,次数是2B.单项式m的次数是1,没有系数C.单项式﹣xy2z的系数是﹣1,次数是4D.多项式2x2+xy+3是三次三项式7.(3分)若x2+3x﹣5的值为7,则3x2+9x﹣2的值为()A.44B.34C.24D.148.(3分)有理数a在数轴上的位置如图所示,下列各数中,可能在0到1之间的是()A.|a|﹣1B.|a|C.﹣a D.a+19.(3分)如图是小刚一天中的作息时间分配的扇形统计图,如果小刚希望把自己每天的阅读时间调整为2小时,那么他的阅读时间需增加()A.105分钟B.60分钟C.48分钟D.15分钟10.(3分)如图为一无盖长方体盒子的展开图(重叠部分不计),可知该无盖长方体的容积为()A.4B.6C.12D.811.(3分)某商场举办“迎新春送大礼”的促销活动,全场商品一律打八折销售.王老师买了一件商品,比标价少付了50元,那么他购买这件商品花了()A.250元B.200元C.150元D.100元12.(3分)如图所示,∠BAC=90°,AD⊥BC,则下列结论中,正确的个数为()①AB⊥AC;②AD与AC互相垂直;③点C到AB的垂线段是线段AB;④点A到BC的距离是线段AD的长度;⑤线段AB的长度是点B到AC的距离;⑥AD+BD>AB.A.2个B.3个C.4个D.5个二、填空题:(本题共有4题,每小题3分,共12分.把答案填在答题卡上)13.(3分)如图所示,截去正方体一角变成一个新的多面体,这个多面体有个面.14.(3分)a的相反数是−32,则a的倒数是.15.(3分)x,y表示两个数,规定新运算“※”及“△”如下:x※y=6x+5y,x△y=3xy,那么(﹣2※3)△(﹣4)=.16.(3分)如图都是由同样大小的黑棋子按一定规律摆出的图案,第①个图案有4个黑棋子,第②个图案有9个黑棋子,第③个图案有14个黑棋子,…,依此规律,第n个图案有1499个黑棋子,则n=.三、解答题(本大题有7题,其中17题9分,18题8分,19题7分,20题7分,21题7分,22题7分,23题7分,共52分,把答案填在答题卷上)17.(9分)计算:(1)(﹣4)×3+(﹣18)÷(﹣2)(2)−22+(23−34)×12(3)先化简,再求值:x2﹣(5x2﹣4y)+3(x2﹣y),其中x=﹣1,y=2.18.(8分)解答下列方程的问题(1)已知x=3是关于x的方程:4x﹣a=3+ax的解,那么a的值是多少?(2)解方程:5x−76+1=3x−14.19.(7分)如图1,是由一些棱长为单位1的相同的小正方体组合成的简单几何体.(1)图中有个小正方体;(2)请在图1右侧方格中分别画出几何体的主视图、左视图;(3)不改变(2)中所画的主视图和左视图,最多还能在图1中添加个小正方体.20.(7分)随着互联网的发展,同学们的学习习惯也有了改变,一些同学在做题遇到困难时,喜欢上网查找答案.针对这个问题,某校调查了部分学生对这种做法的意见(分为:赞成、无所谓、反对),并将调查结果绘制成图1和图2两个不完整的统计图.请根据图中提供的信息,解答下列问题:(1)此次抽样调查中,共调查了多少名学生?(2)将图1补充完整;(3)求出扇形统计图中持“反对”意见的学生所在扇形的圆心角的度数;(4)根据抽样调查结果,请你估计该校1500名学生中有多少名学生持“无所谓”意见.21.(7分)我们已学习了角平分线的概念,那么你会用他们解决有关问题吗?(1)如图1所示,将长方形笔记本活页纸片的一角折过去,使角的顶点A落在A′处,BC为折痕.若∠ABC=54°,求∠A′BD的度数.(2)在(1)条件下,如果又将它的另一个角也斜折过去,并使BD边与BA′重合,折痕为BE,如图2所示,求∠CBE的度数.22.(7分)阅读理解:高斯上小学时,有一次数学老师让同学们计算“从1到100这100个正整数的和”.许多同学都采用了依次累加的计算方法,计算起来非常烦琐,且易出错.聪明的小高斯经过探索后,给出了下面漂亮的解答过程. 解:设s=1+2+3+…+100,①则s=100+99+98+…+1,②①+②,得2s=101+101+101+ (101)(两式左右两端分别相加,左端等于2S ,右端等于100个101的和)所以2s=100×101,s=12×100×101=5050③ 所以1+2+3+…+100=5050.后来人们将小高斯的这种解答方法概括为“倒序相加法”.请解答下面的问题:(1)请你运用高斯的“倒序相加法”计算:1+2+3+ (200)(2)请你认真观察上面解答过程中的③式及你运算过程中出现类似的③式,猜想:1+2+3+…+n= .(3)计算:101+102+103+ (2018)23.(7分)以下是两张不同类型火车的车票(“D ××××次”表示动车,“G ××××次”表示高铁):(1)根据车票中的信息填空:该列动车和高铁是 向而行(填“相”或“同”).(2)已知该弄动车和高铁的平均速度分别为200km/h 、300km/h ,两列火车的长度不计.①经过测算,如果两列火车直达终点(即中途都不停靠任何站点),高铁比动车将早到lh ,求A 、B 两地之间的距离.②在①中测算的数据基础上,已知A 、B 两地途中依次设有5个站点P 1、P 2、P 3、P 4、P 5,且AP 1=P 1P 2=P 2P 3=P 3P 4=P 4P 5=P 5B ,动车每个站点都停靠,高铁只停靠P 2、P 4两个站点,两列火车在每个停靠站点都停留5min .求该列高铁追上动车的时刻.2019-2020学年广东省深圳市南山区七年级(上)期末数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本题有12小题,每小题3分,共36分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确的选项用铅笔涂在答题卡上.)1.(3分)下列调查中,最适合采用普查方式进行的是()A.对深圳市居民日平均用水量的调查B.对一批LED节能灯使用寿命的调查C.对央视“新闻60分”栏目收视率的调查D.对某中学教师的身体健康状况的调查【考点】全面调查与抽样调查【分析】由普查得到的调查结果比较准确,但所费人力、物力和时间较多,而抽样调查得到的调查结果比较近似,进而得出答案.【解答】解:A、对深圳市居民日平均用水量的调查,适合抽样调查,故此选项错误;B、对一批LED节能灯使用寿命的调查,适合抽样调查,故此选项错误;C、对央视“新闻60分”栏目收视率的调查,适合抽样调查,故此选项错误;D、对某中学教师的身体健康状况的调查,适合全面调查,故此选项正确;故选:D.【点评】本题考查了抽样调查和全面调查的区别,选择普查还是抽样调查要根据所要考查的对象的特征灵活选用,一般来说,对于具有破坏性的调查、无法进行普查、普查的意义或价值不大,应选择抽样调查,对于精确度要求高的调查,事关重大的调查往往选用普查.2.(3分)在下列日常生活的操作中,能体现基本事实“两点之间,线段最短”的是()A.用两颗钉子固定一根木条B.把弯路改直可以缩短路程C.用两根木桩拉一直线把树栽成一排D.沿桌子的一边看,可将桌子排整齐【考点】线段的性质:两点之间线段最短【分析】根据实际、线段的性质判断即可.【解答】解:A、用两颗钉子固定一根木条体现基本事实“两点确定一条直线”;B、把弯路改直可以缩短路程体现基本事实“两点之间,线段最短”;C、用两根木桩拉一直线把树栽成一排体现基本事实“两点确定一条直线”;D、沿桌子的一边看,可将桌子排整齐体现基本事实“线段的延长线”;故选:B.【点评】本题考查的是线段的性质,掌握两点之间,线段最短是解题的关键.3.(3分)2017年11月19日上午8:00,“2017华润•深圳南山半程马拉松赛”在华润深圳湾体育中心(“春茧”)前正式开跑,共有约16000名选手参加了比赛.16000用科学记数法可表示为()A.0.16×104B.0.16×105C.1.6×104D.1.6×105【考点】科学记数法—表示较大的数【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值时,要看把原数变成a时,小数点移动了多少位,n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.当原数绝对值>1时,n是正数;当原数的绝对值<1时,n是负数.【解答】解:16000用科学记数法可表示为1.6×104,故选:C.【点评】此题考查科学记数法的表示方法.科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数,表示时关键要正确确定a的值以及n的值.4.(3分)下列计算正确的是()A.3x2y﹣2x2y=x2y B.5y﹣3y=2C.3a+2b=5ab D.7a+a=7a2【考点】合并同类项【分析】根据合并同类项的法则:把同类项的系数相加,所得结果作为系数,字母和字母的指数不变进行计算即可.【解答】解:A、3x2y﹣2x2y=x2y,故原题计算正确;B、5y﹣3y=2y,故原题计算错误;C、3a和2b不是同类项,不能合并,故原题计算错误;D、7a+a=8a,故原题计算错误;故选:A.【点评】此题主要考查了合并同类项,关键是掌握合并同类项的法则.5.(3分)如图,已知线段AB=10cm,M是AB中点,点N在AB上,NB=2cm,那么线段MN的长为()A.5cm B.4cm C.3cm D.2cm【考点】两点间的距离【分析】根据M是AB中点,先求出BM的长度,则MN=BM﹣BN.【解答】解:∵AB=10cm,M是AB中点,∴BM=12AB=5cm,又∵NB=2cm,∴MN=BM﹣BN=5﹣2=3cm.故选:C.【点评】本题考查了线段的长短比较,根据点M是AB中点先求出BM的长度是解本题的关键.6.(3分)下列结论中,正确的是()A.单项式3xy27的系数是3,次数是2B.单项式m的次数是1,没有系数C.单项式﹣xy2z的系数是﹣1,次数是4D.多项式2x2+xy+3是三次三项式【考点】单项式;多项式【分析】根据单项式的次数与系数定义分别判断得出即可.【解答】解:A、单项式3xy27的系数是37,次数是3,故此选项错误;B、单项式m的次数是1,系数是1,故此选项错误;C、单项式﹣xy2z的系数是﹣1,次数是4,故此选项正确;D、多项式2x2+xy+3是三次二项式,故此选项错误.故选:C.【点评】此题主要考查了单项式的次数与系数的定义,熟练掌握相关的定义是解题关键.7.(3分)若x2+3x﹣5的值为7,则3x2+9x﹣2的值为()A.44B.34C.24D.14【考点】代数式求值【分析】先由x2+3x﹣5=7得x2+3x=12,再整体代入到原式=3(x2+3x)﹣2,计算可得.【解答】解:∵x2+3x﹣5=7,∴x2+3x=12,则原式=3(x2+3x)﹣2=3×12﹣2=36﹣2=34,故选:B.【点评】本题主要考查代数式的求值,解题的关键是掌握整体代入思想的运用.8.(3分)有理数a在数轴上的位置如图所示,下列各数中,可能在0到1之间的是()A.|a|﹣1B.|a|C.﹣a D.a+1【考点】数轴;绝对值;有理数大小比较【分析】根据数轴得出﹣2<a<﹣1,再逐个判断即可.【解答】解:A、∵从数轴可知:﹣2<a<﹣1,∴|a|﹣1大约0<|a|﹣1<1,故本选项符合题意;B、∵从数轴可知:﹣2<a<﹣1,∴|a|>1,故本选项不符合题意;C、∵从数轴可知:﹣2<a<﹣1,∴﹣a>1,故本选项不符合题意;D、∵从数轴可知:﹣2<a<﹣1,∴a+<0,故本选项不符合题意;故选:A.【点评】本题考查了数轴和绝对值、有理数的大小,能根据数轴得出﹣2<a<﹣1是解此题的关键.9.(3分)如图是小刚一天中的作息时间分配的扇形统计图,如果小刚希望把自己每天的阅读时间调整为2小时,那么他的阅读时间需增加()A.105分钟B.60分钟C.48分钟D.15分钟【考点】扇形统计图【分析】扇形统计图中扇形的圆心角与百分比成正比,从图中可以求出原用于阅读的时间,则他的阅读需增加时间可求.【解答】解:原用于阅读的时间为24×(360﹣135﹣120﹣30﹣60)÷360=1(小时),∴把自己每天的阅读时间调整为2时,那么他的阅读时间需增加1小时.故选:B.【点评】本题考查扇形统计图及相关计算.在扇形统计图中,每部分占总部分的百分比等于该部分所对应的扇形圆心角的度数与360°的比.10.(3分)如图为一无盖长方体盒子的展开图(重叠部分不计),可知该无盖长方体的容积为()A.4B.6C.12D.8【考点】几何体的展开图【分析】根据观察、计算,可得长方体的长、宽、高,根据长方体的体积公式,可得答案.【解答】解:长方体的高是1,宽是3﹣1=2,长是6﹣2=4,长方体的容积是4×2×1=8,故选:D.【点评】本题考查了几何体的展开图,展开图折叠成几何体,得出长方体的长、宽、高是解题关键.11.(3分)某商场举办“迎新春送大礼”的促销活动,全场商品一律打八折销售.王老师买了一件商品,比标价少付了50元,那么他购买这件商品花了()A.250元B.200元C.150元D.100元【考点】一元一次方程的应用【分析】设这件商品的原价为x元,则他购买这件商品花了0.8x元,根据原价﹣现价=差额,即可得出关于x的一元一次方程,解之即可得出结论.【解答】解:设这件商品的原价为x元,则他购买这件商品花了0.8x元,根据题意得:x﹣0.8x=50,解得:x=250,∴0.8x=0.8×250=200.故选:B.【点评】本题考查了一元一次方程的应用,找准等量关系,正确列出一元一次方程是解题的关键.12.(3分)如图所示,∠BAC=90°,AD⊥BC,则下列结论中,正确的个数为()①AB⊥AC;②AD与AC互相垂直;③点C到AB的垂线段是线段AB;④点A到BC的距离是线段AD的长度;⑤线段AB的长度是点B到AC的距离;⑥AD+BD>AB.A.2个B.3个C.4个D.5个【考点】点到直线的距离【分析】根据点到直线的距离,垂直的定义,三角形三边的关系,可得答案.【解答】解:由∠BAC=90°,AD⊥BC,得AB⊥AC,故①正确;AD与AC不垂直,故②错误;点C到AB的垂线段是线段AC的长,故③错误;点A到BC的距离是线段AD的长度,故④正确;线段AB的长度是点B到AC的距离,故⑤正确;AD+BD>AB,故⑥正确;故选:C.【点评】本题考查了点到直线的距离,利用点到直线的距离,垂直的定义,三角形三边的关系是解题关键.二、填空题:(本题共有4题,每小题3分,共12分.把答案填在答题卡上)13.(3分)如图所示,截去正方体一角变成一个新的多面体,这个多面体有7个面.【考点】截一个几何体【分析】截去正方体一角变成一个多面体,这个多面体多了一个面、棱不变,少了一个顶点.【解答】解:仔细观察图形,正确地数出多面体的面数是7.故答案为:7.【点评】本题考查了正方体的截面.关键是明确正方体的面数,顶点数,棱的条数,形数结合,求出截去一个角后得到的几何体的面数,顶点数,棱的条数.14.(3分)a的相反数是−32,则a的倒数是23.【考点】相反数;倒数【分析】直接利用相反数的定义得出a 的值,再利用倒数的定义得出答案.【解答】解:∵a 的相反数是−32,∴a=32, 则a 的倒数是:23. 故答案为:23. 【点评】此题主要考查了倒数与相反数,正确把握相关定义是解题关键.15.(3分)x ,y 表示两个数,规定新运算“※”及“△”如下:x ※y=6x +5y ,x △y=3xy ,那么(﹣2※3)△(﹣4)= ﹣36 .【考点】有理数的混合运算【分析】根据x ※y=6x +5y ,x △y=3xy ,可以计算出题目中所求式子的值.【解答】解:∵x ※y=6x +5y ,x △y=3xy ,∴(﹣2※3)△(﹣4)=[6×(﹣2)+5×3]△(﹣4)=3△(﹣4)=3×3×(﹣4)=﹣36,故答案为:﹣36.【点评】本题考查有理数的混合运算,解答本题的关键是明确有理数混合运算的计算方法.16.(3分)如图都是由同样大小的黑棋子按一定规律摆出的图案,第①个图案有4个黑棋子,第②个图案有9个黑棋子,第③个图案有14个黑棋子,…,依此规律,第n 个图案有1499个黑棋子,则n= 300 .【考点】规律型:图形的变化类【分析】仔细观察每一个图形中黑棋子的个数与图形序列号的关系,找到规律,利用规律求解即可.【解答】解:观察图1有5×1﹣1=4个黑棋子;图2有5×2﹣1=9个黑棋子;图3有5×3﹣1=14个黑棋子;图4有5×4﹣1=19个黑棋子;…图n有5n﹣1个黑棋子,当5n﹣1=1499,解得:n=300,故答案:300【点评】本题考查了图形的变化类问题,解题的关键是能够仔细观察并发现图形的变化规律,难度不大.三、解答题(本大题有7题,其中17题9分,18题8分,19题7分,20题7分,21题7分,22题7分,23题7分,共52分,把答案填在答题卷上)17.(9分)计算:(1)(﹣4)×3+(﹣18)÷(﹣2)(2)−22+(23−34)×12(3)先化简,再求值:x2﹣(5x2﹣4y)+3(x2﹣y),其中x=﹣1,y=2.【考点】有理数的混合运算;整式的加减—化简求值【分析】(1)先计算乘除法,再计算加减即可得;(2)先计算乘方、利用乘法分配律去掉括号,再计算乘法,最后计算加减可得;(3)先根据整式的混合运算顺序和运算法则化简原式,再将x、y的值代入计算可得.【解答】解:(1)(﹣4)×3+(﹣18)÷(﹣2)=﹣12+9=﹣3;(2)原式=−4+23×12−34×12=﹣4+8﹣9=﹣5;(3)原式=x2﹣5x2+4y+3x2﹣3y=x2﹣5x2+3x2+4y﹣3y=﹣x2+y,当x=﹣1,y=2时,原式=﹣(﹣1)2+2=﹣1+2=1.【点评】本题主要考查有理数的混合运算和整式的化简求值,解题的关键是熟练掌握有理数和整式的混合运算顺序和运算法则.18.(8分)解答下列方程的问题(1)已知x=3是关于x的方程:4x﹣a=3+ax的解,那么a的值是多少?(2)解方程:5x−76+1=3x−14.【考点】解一元一次方程【分析】(1)直接把x的值代入,进而求出答案;(2)首先去分母进而去括号,再移项合并同类项得出答案.【解答】解:(1)∵x=3是的方程:4x﹣a=3+ax的解,∴12﹣a=3+3a,∴﹣a﹣3a=3﹣12,∴﹣4a=﹣9,∴a=9 4;(2)去分母得:2(5x﹣7)+12=3(3x﹣1)10x﹣14+12=9x﹣3,10x﹣9x=﹣3+14﹣12,解得:x=﹣1.【点评】此题主要考查了一元一次方程的解法,正确掌握解题方法是解题关键.19.(7分)如图1,是由一些棱长为单位1的相同的小正方体组合成的简单几何体.(1)图中有10个小正方体;(2)请在图1右侧方格中分别画出几何体的主视图、左视图;(3)不改变(2)中所画的主视图和左视图,最多还能在图1中添加4个小正方体.【考点】作图﹣三视图【分析】(1)最前面1排1个小正方体,中间1排有3个正方体,最后面一排共6个小正方体,再计算总和即可.(2)由已知条件可知,主视图有3列,每列小正方数形数目分别为3,1,2,左视图有3列,每列小正方形数目分别为3,2,1;据此可画出图形.(3)不改变(2)中所画的主视图和左视图,最多还能在图1中添加第一排的右边2列的2个,第2排的右边第3列的2个,然后可得答案.【解答】解:(1)正方体的个数:1+3+6=10,(2)如图所示:;(3)不改变(2)中所画的主视图和左视图,最多还能在图1中添加第一排的右边2列的2个,第2排的右边第3列的2个,2+2=4.答:最多还能在图1中添加4个小正方体.故答案为:10;4.【点评】此题主要考查了三视图,在画图时一定要将物体的边缘、棱、顶点都体现出来,看得见的轮廓线都画成实线,看不见的画成虚线,不能漏掉.20.(7分)随着互联网的发展,同学们的学习习惯也有了改变,一些同学在做题遇到困难时,喜欢上网查找答案.针对这个问题,某校调查了部分学生对这种做法的意见(分为:赞成、无所谓、反对),并将调查结果绘制成图1和图2两个不完整的统计图.请根据图中提供的信息,解答下列问题:(1)此次抽样调查中,共调查了多少名学生?(2)将图1补充完整;(3)求出扇形统计图中持“反对”意见的学生所在扇形的圆心角的度数;(4)根据抽样调查结果,请你估计该校1500名学生中有多少名学生持“无所谓”意见.【考点】用样本估计总体;扇形统计图;条形统计图【分析】(1)根据统计图中的数据可以求得此次抽样调查中,共调查了多少名学生;(2)根据(1)中的结果和统计图中的数据可以求得反对的人数,从而可以将条形统计图补充完整;(3)根据统计图中的数据可以求得扇形统计图中持“反对”意见的学生所在扇形的圆心角的度数;(4)根据统计图中的数据可以估计该校1500名学生中有多少名学生持“无所谓”意见.【解答】解:(1)130÷65%=200,答:此次抽样调查中,共调查了200名学生;(2)反对的人数为:200﹣130﹣50=20,补全的条形统计图如右图所示;(3)扇形统计图中持“反对”意见的学生所在扇形的圆心角的度数是:20 200×360°=36°;(4)1500×50200=375,答:该校1500名学生中有375名学生持“无所谓”意见.【点评】本题考查条形统计图、扇形统计图、用样本估计总体,解答本题的关键是明确题意,找出所求问题需要的条件,利用数形结合的思想解答.21.(7分)我们已学习了角平分线的概念,那么你会用他们解决有关问题吗?(1)如图1所示,将长方形笔记本活页纸片的一角折过去,使角的顶点A落在A′处,BC为折痕.若∠ABC=54°,求∠A′BD的度数.(2)在(1)条件下,如果又将它的另一个角也斜折过去,并使BD边与BA′重合,折痕为BE,如图2所示,求∠CBE的度数.【考点】角平分线的定义;角的计算【分析】(1)由折叠的性质可得∠A′BC=∠ABC=54°,由平角的定义可得∠A′BD=180°﹣∠ABC ﹣∠A′BC ,可得结果;(2)由(1)的结论可得∠DBD′=72°,由折叠的性质可得∠2=12∠DBD′=12×72°=36°,由角平分线的性质可得∠1=54°,再相加即可求解.【解答】解:(1)∵∠ABC=54°,∴∠A′BC=∠ABC=54°,∴∠A′BD=180°﹣∠ABC ﹣∠A′BC=180°﹣54°﹣54°=72°;(2)由(1)的结论可得∠DBD′=72°,∴∠2=12∠DBD′=12×72°=36°,∠ABD′=108°, ∴∠1=12∠ABD′=12×108°=54°, ∴∠CBE=∠1+∠2=90°.【点评】本题主要考查了角平分线的定义,根据角平分线的定义得出角的度数是解答此题的关键.22.(7分)阅读理解:高斯上小学时,有一次数学老师让同学们计算“从1到100这100个正整数的和”.许多同学都采用了依次累加的计算方法,计算起来非常烦琐,且易出错.聪明的小高斯经过探索后,给出了下面漂亮的解答过程. 解:设s=1+2+3+…+100,①则s=100+99+98+…+1,②①+②,得2s=101+101+101+ (101)(两式左右两端分别相加,左端等于2S ,右端等于100个101的和)所以2s=100×101,s=12×100×101=5050③ 所以1+2+3+…+100=5050.后来人们将小高斯的这种解答方法概括为“倒序相加法”.请解答下面的问题:(1)请你运用高斯的“倒序相加法”计算:1+2+3+ (200)(2)请你认真观察上面解答过程中的③式及你运算过程中出现类似的③式,猜想:1+2+3+…+n= 12n (n +1) . (3)计算:101+102+103+ (2018)【考点】有理数的混合运算;规律型:数字的变化类【分析】(1)原式利用高斯的“倒序相加法”计算即可求出值;(2)归纳总结得到一般性规律,写出即可;(3)原式变形后,利用高斯的“倒序相加法”计算即可求出值.【解答】解:设s=1+2+3+…+100①,则s=100+99+98+…+1②,①+②,得2s=101+101+101+…+101,(两式左右两端分别相加,左端等于2s ,右端等于100个101的和)所以2s=100×101,s=12×100×101=5050③, 所以1+2+3+…+100=5050,后来人们将小高斯的这种解答方法概括为“倒序相加法”.请解答下面的问题:(1)1+2+3+…+200,s=1+2+3+…+200①,则s=200+199+198+…+1②,①+②,得2s=201+201+201+ (201)所以2s=200×201,s=12×200×201=20100, 所以1+2+3+…+200=20100;(2)猜想:1+2+3+…+n=12n (n +1); 故答案为:12n (n +1); (3)s=101+102+103+…+2018①,则s=2018+2017+2016+…+1②,①+②,得2s=2119+2119+2119+ (2119)所以2s=(2018﹣100)×2119,s=12×1918×2119=2032121, 所以101+102+103+…+2018=2032121.【点评】此题考查了有理数的混合运算,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.23.(7分)以下是两张不同类型火车的车票(“D××××次”表示动车,“G××××次”表示高铁):(1)根据车票中的信息填空:该列动车和高铁是同向而行(填“相”或“同”).(2)已知该弄动车和高铁的平均速度分别为200km/h、300km/h,两列火车的长度不计.①经过测算,如果两列火车直达终点(即中途都不停靠任何站点),高铁比动车将早到lh,求A、B两地之间的距离.②在①中测算的数据基础上,已知A、B两地途中依次设有5个站点P1、P2、P3、P4、P5,且AP1=P1P2=P2P3=P3P4=P4P5=P5B,动车每个站点都停靠,高铁只停靠P2、P4两个站点,两列火车在每个停靠站点都停留5min.求该列高铁追上动车的时刻.【考点】一元一次方程的应用【分析】(1)根据两车的出发地及目的地,即可得出两车方向相同;(2)①设A、B两地之间的距离为xkm,根据时间=路程÷速度结合高铁比动车少用2小时,即可得出关于x的一元一次方程,解之即可得出结论;②根据AP1=P1P2=P2P3=P3P4=P4P5=P5B可求出每个相邻站点距离,利用时间=路程÷速度可求出两车经过每个相邻站点的时间,结合两车出发的时间及停靠站点休息的时间可得出高铁在P2站、P3站之间追上动车,设高铁经过t小时之后追上动车,根据路程=时间×速度,即可得出关于t的一元一次方程,解之即可得出t值,再加上出发时间即可求出结论.【解答】解:(1)∵动车和高铁均从A地到B地,∴两车方向相同.故答案为:同.(2)①设A、B两地之间的距离为xkm,根据题意得:x 200﹣x 300=2, 解得:x=1200.答:A 、B 两地之间的距离是1200km .②每个相邻站点距离为1200÷6=200km ,动车到每一站所花时间为200÷200×60=60(分钟),高铁到每一站所花时间为200÷300×60=40(分钟).∵60÷(60﹣40)=3,∴高铁在P 2站、P 3站之间追上动车.设高铁经过t 小时之后追上动车,根据题意得:(t ﹣560)×300=(t +1﹣560×2)×200, 解得:t=2312, ∴7:00+2312=8:55. 答:该列高铁在8:55追上动车.【点评】本题考查了一元一次方程的应用,解题的关键是:(1)根据车票上起始站找出结论;(2)①找准等量关系,正确列出一元一次方程;②通过分析两车的行驶过程,找出高铁追上动车的大致位置.数学期末考注意事项期末考试眼瞅着就要到了,同学们正紧张地进行复习,其实,考试也有考试的学问和技巧。
广东省深圳市南山外国语学校(集团)2022-2023学年七年级上学期数学期中检测题(原卷版)
2022-2023学年第一学期南山外国语学校(集团)期中检测七年级数学试卷一、选择题(本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分.每小题有四个选项,其中只有一个是正确的,请把答案填在答题卡相应位置上,否则不给分)1. 《九章算术》中注有“今两算得失相反,要令正负以名之”,意思是:今有两数若其意义相反,则分别叫做正数与负数.如果收入1000元记作1000+,那么200−表示为( )A. 收入800元B. 收入200元C. 支出200元D. 支出800元 2. 神舟十四号载人飞船于北京时间6月5日,成功对接于天和核心舱径向端口.中国空间站位于距地面约390000米的近地轨道.将390000米用科学记数法表示应为( )A 53.910×米 B. 43910×米 C. 63.910×米 D. 43.910×米 3. 下列各选项中图形绕虚线旋转一周后,得到的几何体是圆柱的是( )A. B. C. D. 4. 实数a ,b 在数轴上表示的位置如图所示,则( )A. 0a b +>B. 0ab >C. a b <D. 0a b −< 5. 下列说法: ①20.53−<−;②多项式3233x xy y −+的二次项系数是3;③五棱柱有7个面,10个顶点,15条棱;④若||a a =−,则a 为负数.其中正确的个数有( )个.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 46. 有5个大小一样的正方形制成如图所示的拼接图形(阴影部分),请你在图中的拼接图形上再接一个正方形,使新拼接成的图形折叠后能成为一个封闭的正方体盒子,你不能选择图中A ,B ,C ,D 中的( )位置接正方形..的A. AB. BC. CD. D7. 如图所示的长方形(长为7,宽为4)硬纸板,剪掉阴影部分后,将剩余的部分沿虚线折叠,制作成底面为正方形的长方体箱子,则长方体箱子的体积为( )A. 22B. 5C. 7D. 118. 现定义一种新运算“⊕”,规定a b ab a ⊕+,如232328⊕=×+=,则(1)4−⊕等于( )A 5− B. 5 C. 3− D. 39. 如图,下列各式能够表示图中阴影部分的面积的是( )①()mt n t t +−; ②2mt nt t +−; ③()()mn m t n t −−−; ④()()m t t n t t −+−.A. 只有①B. ①②C. ①②③D. ①②③④10. 我们常用的数是十进制数,计算机程序使用的是二进制数(只有数码0和1),它们两者之间可以互相换算,例如将2(101)换算成十进制数应为:2102(101)1202124015=×+×+×=++=;按此方式,将二进制2(1010)换算成十进制数的结果为( )A. 10B. 9C. 11D. 18二、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分.请把答案填在答题卡相应位置上,否则.不给分)11. 如果单项式3m x y 与35n x y −是同类项,那么m n +=____________.12. 若22a b −=,则136a b +−的值是___________.13. 按照如图所示的程序计算,若4x =,则输出的结果是___________.14. 如图,将边长为4正方形和半径为2的圆叠放在一起,两个空白部分的面积分别为,()m n m n >,则m n −的值为___________(结果保留π).15. 如图,长方形OABC 的边OA 在数轴上,O 为原点,长方形OABC 的面积为24,OC 边长为4,将长方形OABC 沿数轴水平移动,移动后的长方形记为O A B C ′′′′,移动后的长方形O A B C ′′′′与原长方形OABC 重叠部分的面积为8,则点A ′表示的数为___________.三、解答题(本大题有7题,其中16题12分,17题8分,18题6分,19题6分,20题6分,21题8分,22题9分,共55分)16. 计算:(1)10(25)31+−+;(2)12(4.2)(9)3×−+−÷; (3)202231(2)0.125|15|−+−×−−(4)147(36)2912 −−×−17. ①已知2|2|(3)0x y ++−=,求式子423xy x y −+的值.的②先化简,再求值:()()22223322x xy y x xy y +−−+−,其中1x =,=2y −. 18. 如图,请分别画出从正面、左面和上面观察该几何体看到的形状图.19. 北京时间2022年10月11日在女篮世界杯,中国女篮用一场场比赛的拼搏和胜利,展示了中国人顽强奋进的精神,取得了亚军的好成绩.中国女篮12位参赛队员名单和身高为:4号-李缘168cm 、5号-王思雨175cm 、6号-武桐桐176cm 、7号-杨力维(队长)176cm 、8号-金维娜180cm 、9号-李梦182cm 、10号-张茹185cm 、11号-黄思静192cm 、12号-潘臻琦191cm 、13号-迪拉娜-迪里夏提193cm 、14号-李月汝201cm 、15号-韩旭207cm .(1)中国女篮队员最高身高和最低身高高度差是多少?(2)若选取180cm 作为基准身高,12位队员总身高超过或不足多少厘米?(3)试求中国女篮队员的平均身高.20. 学习完数轴以后,喜欢探索的小聪在纸上画了一个数轴(如图所示),并进行下列操作探究:(1)操作一:折叠纸面,使表示1的点与表示1−的点重合,则表示4−的点与表示___________的点重合.操作二:折叠纸面,使表示3−的点与表示1的点重合,回答以下问题:(2)表示2的点与表示___________的点重合;(3)若数轴上A 、B 两点之间距离是()0a a >(A 在B 的左侧),且折叠后A 、B 两点重合.求A 、B 两点表示的数是多少?21. 我国著名数学家华罗庚先生曾说:“数缺形时少直观,形缺数时难入微,数形结合百般好,隔裂分家万事休”.数形结合是解决数学问题的重要思想方法.阅读理解:①如图1,阴影部分的面积是22a b −;②若将图2中的阴影部分剪下来,拼成如图2的长方形,面积是()()a b a b +−;③比较两图的阴影部分的面积,可以得到等式:()()22a b a b a b −=+−. (1)问题解决:①如图3所示,将一个长为2a ,宽为2b 的长方形沿图中虚线裁剪成四个相同的小长方形;②若按图4的方式拼出一个大正方形,则这个大正方形的边长是___________,大正方形的面积是___________.③若用四个相同的小长方形的面积和阴影部分的面积之和表示大正方形的面积是___________. ④比较大正方形的面积,可以得到等式:___________.(2)拓展探究:如图5,整个图形是边长为a b +的正方形,请用图5中所给图形的边长与面积,根据其中面积的等量关系,可以得到一个等式:___________.22. 如图,已知点A 、B 、C 是数轴上三点,O 为原点.点C 对应数为3,2BC =,6AB =.(1)则点A 对应的数是___________、点B 对应的数是___________;(2)动点P 、Q 分别同时从A 、C 出发,分别以每秒8个单位和4个单位的速度沿数轴正方向运动.M 在线段AP 上,且AM MP =,N 在线段CQ 上,且14CN CQ =,设运动时间为()0t t >. ①求点M 、N 对应的数(用含t 的式子表示);②猜想MQ 的长度是否与t 无关为定值,若为定值请求出该定值,若不为定值请说明理由;③探究t 为何值时,2OM BN =.的。
2005年天津卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷
2005年天津卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择(每小题1分,共15分)1、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第1题1分—Sorry to you, but could I ask a quick question?—No problem.A. worryB. preventC. troubleD. disappoint2、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第2题1分2019~2020学年10月广东深圳罗湖区深圳市翠园中学高一下学期单元测试《名词性从句》第72题1分Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.A. 不填B. whetherC. howD. what3、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第3题1分—It'll take at least 2 hours to do this!—Oh,. I could do it in 30 minutes.A. come onB. pardon meC. you are rightD. don't mention it4、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第4题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳南山区深圳市南山外国语学校(集团)高级中学高二上学期期中第36题1分They have a good knowledge of English but little they know about German.A. haveB. didC. hadD. do5、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第5题1分2016~2017学年天津南开区天津市育红中学高二下学期月考第10题1分2018~2019学年3月山西太原迎泽区太原成成中学高一下学期月考第10题1分He tried his best to solve the problem,difficult it was.A. howeverB. no matterC. whateverD. although6、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第6题1分If it is quite to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.A. convenientB. fairC. easyD. comfortable7、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第7题1分You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it often enough.A. explainingB. to explainC. explainD. explained8、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第8题1分2019年天津河北区高三一模第8题1分—Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?—Oh, really! I haven't my mailbox yet.A. examinedB. reviewedC. testedD. checked9、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第9题1分2016~2017学年广东广州越秀区广州市铁一中学高二下学期期中第21题1分2017年天津河东区高三二模第6题1分It is what you do rather than what you say matters.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. this10、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第10题1分2019~2020学年3月广东深圳光明区深圳市光明新区高级中学高一下学期月考第42题1分Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his.A. abilityB. forceC. strengthD. mind11、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第11题1分By the time Jane gets home, her aunt for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left12、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第12题1分2020~2021学年10月天津南开区南开大学附属中学高二上学期月考第24题1分2009~2010学年北京高二下学期周测I don't want like I'm speaking ill of anybody, but the manager's plan is unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have sounded13、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第13题1分2020~2021学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高二上学期期中第1题1.5分2017~2018学年北京西城区北京师范大学附属实验中学高二下学期期中第22题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高二下学期期中第20题1.5分2018~2019学年3月上海徐汇区上海市南洋模范中学高一下学期月考第4题Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from effects the people are still suffering.A. thatB. whoseC. thoseD. what14、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第14题1分I have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A. shouldn'tB. couldn'tC. mustn'tD. needn't15、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷第15题1分I prefer a flat in Inverness to in Perth, because I want to live near my mom's.A. oneB. thatC. itD. this二、完形填空(每小题1.5分,共30分)16、【来源】 2015~2016学年10月北京海淀区首都师范大学附属中学高三上学期月考第16~35题2015~2016学年四川雅安雨城区雅安中学高二上学期期中第41~60题30分Having left the town, the girl stopped the car at the landing near the entrance of the bay. She stepped into the1and rowed out silently. The tide was rushing to the entranceand2to the wild open sea. She had to row across the bay toreach3side. The waves struck against the side of theboat,4and uneven; it became5difficult to row. If she6for a moment, the tide would push the boat back towardsthe7.She wasn't even halfway,8she was already tired and herhands9from pulling on the rough wooden oars(船桨). "I'm never going to10it”, she thought. She rested the oars on her kneesand11her head helplessly, then looked up asshe12the boat shift against the tide.The east wind , which had swung(旋转) around from the south-west,13her help and pushed the boat towards the mountains. It was going to be14. Her hands weren't so painful. Her chest didn't feel as if it was about to burst15.The lights of the town became16. One of the oars banged against the side of the boat and she17it with a start. Had she been asleep, orjust18? She looked over her shoulder. She was almost on the beach. The girl gave one last19on the oars to ground the boat, and then lay back against the seat. She listened to the waves20and knew she had come home. Far across the moonlit bay the lights were no more than a sparkling chain.A. carB. boatC. shipD. mailA. besideB. beforeC. behindD. beyondA. anotherB. otherC. eitherD. the otherA. deepB. calmC. gentleD. roughA. moreB. lessC. asD. leastA. sleptB. continuedC. restedD. rowedA. homeB. mountainsC. south-westD. entranceA. ifB. soC. butD. sinceA. hurtB. ruinedC. troubledD. brokeA. getB. makeC. keepD. takeA. minedB. droppedC. cockedD. raisedA. sawB. madeC. heardD. feltA. got toB. came toC. sent forD. reached forA. difficultB. seriousC. all rightD. certain enoughA. any moreB. still moreC. no moreD. once moreA. brighterB. biggerC. closerD. smallerA. destroyedB. threwC. repairedD. seizedA. dreamingB. guessingC. inventingD. expectingA. blowB. hitC. pullD. strikeA. anxiouslyB. happilyC. sadlyD. carefully三、阅读理解(每小题2分,共40分)17、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷(A篇)第36~38题6分Everyone's at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn't done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction (拍卖).Buying for beginners: Sign up on www.ebay .co .uk.. Most items (e. g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be marked with "Buy It Now" and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids(出价) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are e-mailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days and when they finish you get an e-mail telling you whether you have won the item.How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card.Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starting on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.The big things in life: It's easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Check the ways of delivery before you bid.(1) What is the passage mainly about?A. How to make payment online.B. Ways of making delivery online.C. Advantages of an online-auction system.D. How to use an online-auction system.(2) After bidding for an item, a buyer.A. will get what he wants in ten daysB. should make payment immediatelyC. has chances to make higher bidsD. may check its picture and description(3) The easiest way of making payment mentioned in the passage is.A. through an online payment systemB. through a local banking systemC. by sending the money to the sellerD. by paying the deliveryman directly18、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷(B篇)第39~42题8分Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to TAL#NBSP juvenile obesity than under-exercising or overeating.Research suggests that having overweight parents is a big influence(影响)upon a child's weight, with one study finding that children with overweight parents were four times more likely to be overweight themselves.The findings add heat to an already fierce political debate(争论)over childhood obesity The Prime Minister, John Howard, last week decided that$116 million be used for programs to deal with obesity, while the Opposition Leader, Mark Latham, recently announced that his party would move to protect children from unhealthy food advertisements.Clare Collins, a senior lecturer at the University of Newcastle, believes such programs will definitely fail unless they influence the way of life of whole families. "If we can't get parents to take action against their own weight problems, then we can't expect to influence their kids.” she said.However, Professor Louise Baur from the Children's Hospital at Westmead, doubts whether adult education programs offer any solution to weight problems " Many parents know they need to lose weight and they know it influences their kids, but they lack the willpower to do anything about it”.The 10-year study of 150 American children found two-thirds of children with overweight parents became overweight. Only one in six children whose parents were of average weight became overweight. The president of the Australasian Society for the Study of Obesity, Associate Professor Gary Wittert, said parents needed help in doing their job and the Opposition Party's policy(策略)might be on the right track."We know that driving without a seat belt is unsafe, so we make law against it, "he said" Obesity is a major"We know that driving without a seat belt is unsafe, so we make law against it, " he said. "Obesity is a major public health concern, so why shouldn't we change the law regarding unhealthy food ads? ”(1) What does the underlined phrase "juvenile obesity" mean?A. Adult education.B. Childhood overweight.C. Parents' influence.D. Growing pains.(2) What is TRUE about the programs supported by the Prime Minister?A. Debates on them will become less fierce.B. They will be effective in dealing with obesity.C. A large sum of money will be spent on them.D. They will influence people's way of life.(3) Both Collins and Baur believe that overweight parents.A. will come up with better solutionsB. will help with their children's educationC. should be more active in reducing weightD. should carry out at least 10 years' study(4) According to some experts, the Opposition Party's policy.A. can help fight against unemploymentB. may protect kids from unhealthy food adsC. should be brought back to the right trackD. will work well to prevent traffic accidents19、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷(C篇)第43~47题10分(每题2分)The house was quiet at 5:00 am and Tim's mother was asleep. Only the sound of the big freezer broke the quiet. He'd dreamt of the cave last night. The purring(轻微颤动声)of the freezer had been the sea.Tim pulled on a sweater and put some apples into his schoolbag. It was too early for breakfast. He'd eat after he'd been through the cave, sitting on the rocks and staring at the sea.He wished he had a proper pack. His schoolbag would have to do. What else? Sandwiches-but his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bread for sandwiches, she'd want to know why he had to leave so early. He settled for some biscuits, and left a note stuck to the table:Gone to Michael's. Back tonight. Tim.The sky was high and soft and light outside, though the sun still wasn't up. Even the highway up the hill was quiet as he made his way down the street. The wind from the sea was fresh and sweet.The sandhills still breathed heat from yesterday's sun, though the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, just dry sand dancing in the early wind and seabirds marching up and down watching the waves.The light changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched(延伸)across the sea. The sun was pushing its way over the edge of the world.Over the first rocks, along to the point. Tim glanced back. The beach was still empty. The sun sailed higher in the sky.He could see the cave now, even darker in the morning light. The sand turned silver then dark gold as the water flowed away from it. He had to force himself to go closer. Why was it so much more mysterious (神秘的) now? But it would be silly to go back now after so much trouble. He needn't go in all the way…(1) What did Tim do at the beginning of the story?A. He left the house quietly.B. He had breakfast at home.C. He left a note on the freezer.D. He put a sweater in his schoolbag.(2) "He settled for some biscuits"(in Paragraph 3)means that Tim.A. had to leave the biscuits on the tableB. liked biscuits better than sandwichesC. had to take biscuits instead of sandwichesD. could only find some biscuits in the kitchen(3) What made it possible for Tim to see the entry to the cave?A. The height of the first rocks.B. The ups and downs of the waves.C. The change in the position of the sun.D. The vast stretch of the sunlit beach.(4) Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the story?A. The sea looked like a piece of gold.B. Seabirds flew away when Tim arrived.C. Tim was the only person on the beach.D. The sky got dark as Tim reached the cave.(5) In the story, Tim's mood(心情) changed from.A. loneliness to crazinessB. anxiousness to excitementC. helplessness to happinessD. eagerness to nervousness20、【来源】 2005年高考真题天津卷(D篇)第48~51题8分(每题2分)The scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomorrow, where global warming could soon turn the global climate(气候)into a new ice age may never occur, according to new research。
外国语学校2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题及答案
A.At 6:30 p.m.B.7:00 p.m.C.At 7:30 p.m.
2.Where did the woman go during her visit to Europe?
A.France.B.Finland.C.Iceland.
C.She is very busy with her work.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13.What has Alice decided to learn?
A.Art.B.Medicine.C.Music.
14.Who is the woman?
A.She’s Alice’s teacher.
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B.She is a bank clerk.
C.She is a college teacher.
深圳市盐田区深圳市外国语学校2019-2020学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷(含答案)
深圳外国语学校2019-2020 第一学期阶段测试初二英语试卷III. M u ltiple Choice(0.5*25=12.5)( ) 21. Campus safety is of supreme importance. Please read the safety guides carefully .A. the greatestB. veryC. highD. much( ) 22. It is illegal to use a cell phone when you are driving. You'd better put your phone away .A. wrongB. allowed by the lawC. against the lawD. harmful( ) 23. I absolutely agree with you. It's impossible for us to finish all the work in an hour.A. obviouslyB. usuallyC. mostlyD. completely( ) 24. Lucy is in a beautiful white dress today. She looks gorgeous in it .A. dressingB. wearingC. putting onD. dressed( ) 25. I co u ld n ’t b e a r Tom anymore. He interrupted me from time to time when I was giving the speech.A. dislikeB. can’t standC. couldn’t forgiveD. couldn’t stand( ) 26. The clothes that the two artists design are poles apart in style. One is romantic and fancy, while the other is extremely simple.A. far awayB. quite similarC. very differentD. not the same( ) 27. I don’t think the woman is qualified for this job. For one thing, she didn’t arrive here on time.A. As a resultB. What’s moreC. As one exampleD. In a word( ) 28. I went to a party last night. Everyone was in T -shirts and jeans while I was in a suit. I felt really silly to ________.A. overdressedB. underdressedC. be overdressD. be overdressed( ) 29. —________.—German. I was born in Berlin and have lived here ever since .A. Where do you come from?B. What's your nationality?C. Which country are you from?D. Where do you live?( ) 30. A question was __ __ by the reporter, “Mr. President, the price of rice ___ ___greatly recently. How are you going to deal with the problem?”A. raised; has risenB. risen; is raisingC. raised; is raisingD. risen; has risen( ) 31. —Few of the children here have traveled abroad, ________?—________. Most of them are from poor families in the rural areas .A. haven’t they; Yes, they haveB. haven’t they: No. they haven’tC. have they; No, they haven’tD. have they; Yes, they have( ) 32. You should do ________the doctor advised and I’m sure you will get better soon.A. likeB. as ifC. thatD. as( ) 33. My English teacher suggested ___ _ the word study handouts for fifteen minutes every day.A. me to go overB. I go overC. me go overD. I went over( ) 34. It’s wise of you to __ ____the cost of living to save money. For example, it’s a good idea to cook meals at home which costs less than eating out .A. cut offB. cut outC. cut down onD. cut on( ) 35. —Better Days is on. Let’s go to watch it tonight.—I ________it already.—Really? When ________it?—Last Friday, with Jason.A. had watched; did you watchB. have watched; have you watchedC. had watched; had you watchedD. have watched; did you watch( ) 36. When we ________the railway station, the train ________for ten minutes.A. got to; had goneB. arrived; has leftC. reached; had been awayD. had arrived at; left( ) 37. The robbers ________when the police ________. They got caught right on the spot.A. were about to leave; cameB. were going to leave; had comeC. had gone; cameD. would leave; had come( ) 38. I don’t know if he ________. If he ________, please let me know.A. will come; will comeB. will come; comesC. comes; will comeD. comes; comes( ) 39. I met Tom when I ________ tea in a teahouse yesterday. We ___ ___ each other for a long time.A. was drinking; hadn’t metB. drank; haven’t metC. was drinking; haven’t metD. drank; didn’t meet( ) 40. We used to live in the Lake District. Whenever we __ ____ time, we _____ _ fishing at the lake.A. had; had goneB. had had; wentC. would have; wentD. had; would go( ) 41. ________there is enough snow, we can’t go skiing.A. BecauseB. AsC. UnlessD. For( ) 42. I ________home ________it began to rain heavily. I got wet all through .A. had left; hardly whenB. hardly left; thanC. have hardly left; thanD. had hardly left; when( ) 43. If I ________harder when I was young, I ________a university and lived a different life.A. worked; would enteredB. had worked; would have enteredC. would worked; had enteredD. have worked; will have entered( ) 44. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. By the end of last month, the couple had got married for twenty years.B. Jack had scarcely gone to bed when the fire alarm rang .C. How I wish I had a chance to go to the party the other day .D. Mary came to see me after I have called her three times .( ) 45. Which of the following is WRONG?A. He told me that if he was free, he would come to our party .B. Now that the rain has stopped, would you like to go out for a walk?C. You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them aga in.D. They are so hard-working students that they do well in the exams.II. Cloze Te s t (0.5*10=5)One day, a famous speaker gave a speech to a crowd of people. He held up a __ 46 __ bill and asked, “Who would like this $20 bill?” Hands were _ _47 __. Then he said, “I am going to give this $20 bill to one of you, but first let me do this.” He dropped it on the ground, and started to step on it. He picked it up. He then asked the audience, “ __48____ still wants it?” Still the hands went up in the air.“My friends,” he continued, “you have all __ 49_ _ a good lesson. No matter _ _50 __ I did to the money, you still wanted it, because the bill did not lose its ____51____. It is still worth $20.Many times in our __52____, we are dropped, crumpled, and stepped on, because we sometimes ____53____ wrong decisions. When that happens, we feel depressed and think we are ____54 __. The worth of our life comes not in what we do or whom we kno w, but in who we are! Don’t forget ‘The worth of a thing does not depend on its outside looks, but on its inner part.’ This is the ____55____ of life.”( ) 46. A. 20 dollar B. 20 dollars C. 20-dollars D. 20-dollar( ) 47. A. risen B. put C. raised D. held( ) 48. A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Anybody D. You( ) 49. A. given B. learned C. studied D. taken( ) 50. A. that B. how C. what D. why( ) 51. A. value B. price C. effect D. part( ) 52. A. studies B. work C. fields D. lives( ) 53. A. do B. make C. give D. take( ) 54. A. worthless B. upset C. poor D. careless( ) 55. A. moral B. truth C. saying D. storyIV. Re a ding Comprehension. (1*20=20)APeter loved to buy used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was pay ing for it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box hasn’t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money .”Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1979 on the back of the box. “You should put that up for auction (拍卖) on the Internet, and see what happens,” the salesgirl said. “Yes, you’re right. People like something rare,” Peter agreed. “I can’t imagine there being many unopened boxes of this game around 40 years later .”“Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it,” the salesgirl smiled. “No problem,” Peter said.After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldn’t find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop. “Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?” The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi! ”“I’ve got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $100 bills. “Wow! ” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.”( ) 56. Which of the following best describes Peter's word game?A. It was made around 40 years ago.B. It had game boards in different sizes.C.It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.( ) 57. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter ’s word game?A. New and creative.B. Rare and valuable.C. Classic and attractive.D. Colorful and interesting.( ) 58. What happened at the end of the story?A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward .B. The salesgirl became Peter’s friend.C. Peter returned the word game for $1,000 .D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again .( ) 59. What can we learn from the passage?A. It’s important to keep a promise.B. It’s great to share in other people’s happiness.C. We should be grateful for the help from others .D. Something strange is worth a large amount of money .BHave you ever heard someone use the phrase “once in a blue moon” ? People use this expression to describe something that they do not do very often. For example, someone might say that he tries to avoid eating sweets because they are unhealthy, but will eat chocolate “once in a blue moon”. Or someone who does not usually like to go to the beach might say “I visit the shore once in a blue moon.” While many people use this phrase, not everyone knows the meaning behind it.The first thing to know is that the moon itself is never really blue. This is just an expression . In fact, the phrase “blue moon” has something to do with the shape of the moon, not the color .As the moon travels around the earth, it appears to change shape. We associate certain names with certain shapes of the moon. For example, when we can see a small part of the moon, it is called a crescent moon. A crescent is a shape that looks like the tip of a fingernail. When we cannot see the moon at all, it is called a new moon. When we can see the whole moon, it is called a full moon . Usually, there is only one full moon every month. Sometimes, however, there will be two full moons in one month. When this happens, the second full moon is called a “blue moon”.Over the next 20 years, there will only be 15 blue moons. As you can see, a blue moon is a very rare event. This fact has led people to use the expression “once in a blue moon” to describe other very rare events in their lives.( ) 60. Which of the following would be a good example of using the phrase “once in a blue moon”?A. Simon often tells jokes. Simon tells jokes once in a blue moon.B. Tom rarely remembers to do exercise. Tom does exercise once in a blue moon .C. Mary likes to go shopping every weekend. Mary goes shopping once in blue moon .D. Cindy hates to stay up, but she stays up every day. Cindy s t ays up once in a blue moon. ( ) 61. When does a blue moon happen in nature?A. When the moon has a blue color.B. When we cannot see the moon at all.C. When there are two full moons in one month .D. When we can only see a small part of the moon .( ) 62. How often will a blue moon happen over the next twenty years ?A. Once a year.B. Less than once a year.C. More than once a year.D. At least twice a year.( ) 63. What does the underlined part “This fact” in the last paragraph refer to?A. A blue moon is a very rare event.B. The moon appears to change shape .C. The moon itself is never really blue.D. a blue moon has to do with the shape of the moon .CFrie n ds and BuddiesThis program is planned for teenagers who have special needs with the goal of meeting within a community with other peers. The purpose of the program is that it will lead to a better understanding of friendship. This program is held 2 Fridays per month .Ages12-18, numbers of members are limited.Contact: Gloria Bass.Club Saturday SwimThis program is available to anyone aged 5 -14 who is challenged by mental, physical or emotional trouble. The program will be held each Saturday afternoon, 12: 00 p.m. -12: 30 p.m. or 12:30 p.m.-1:00 p.m.Fees: $136/ $260Sibshops (Age s 10-13)Sibshops is a program for siblings (兄弟姊妹) of children with challenges. It includes group activities and talk treatment ways with the focus on improving sibling relationships and whole family happiness.Location: Hope Church, Wilton CT.Wednesday: 4: 00 p.m.-5: 00 p.m.Fees: $50/ $65Banana SplitsBanana Splits is an educational support group for children in family trouble. Children aged 9-13 will have the opportunity to meet other children whose parents have separated or divorced . They will learn to recognize feelings, think of healthy coping skills and have a place to share their struggles through verbal, physical, and artistic experience.Location: Hope Church, Wilton CT.Tuesday: 4: 30 p. m.-5: 30 p.m.Fees: $50/ $65( ) 64. If you are 11 years old, you can go to all the programs except ________.A. Friends and BuddiesB. Club Saturday SwimC. SibshopsD. Banana Splits( ) 65. Activities on how to think of healthy coping skills are held ________.A. 2 Fridays per month.B. 12:00 p.m.-12:30 p.m. or 12:30 p.m.-1:00 p.m., Saturday afternoon.C. 4.00 p.m.-5:00 p.m., WednesdayD. 4:30 p.m.-5:30 p.m., Tuesday( ) 66. If you go to Sibshops, you can ________.A. meet with other parentsB. solve your mental problemC. improve sibling relationshipD. think of healthy coping skills( ) 67. Which of the following is TRUE according to the four advertisements?A. They are all in the same place.B. They are all free of charge.C. They all hold activities each week.D. They are all intended for children.DStudents decide to take a job while being in university because of two reasons: on the one hand, they need money; on the other hand, they want to experience something new and they want to see what working means. It is a good opportunity to know about the society and realize the importance of co-working with others.But is it good to take a job while you are a university student? There are both advantages and disadvantages if we were to answer this question. If we we re to think about the advantages, we could mention the ones I have just discussed. Having a job from an early age helps us gain experience, which will be very useful to our later life. We may become financially independent and don ’t need to ask our parents for money each time we want to go downtown with our friends, or spend the holiday at the seaside or in the mountains.Ho w ever, students who take a job might have problems in spending enough time on their study . If they work during the day, they may have to be absent from their classes, and if they work at night they will feel tired the next day. They may choose to stay at home, resting. What’s worse, some students may even get bored with study.Well, this fact happens every now and then, but there are case s when well-prepared students take a part-time job but at the same time they make time for study, too. And they have good results. Their case is a good example to follow among the students who decide to work while being in university. Anyway, we need to keep in mind that study is the most important job for a student .( ) 68. The writer believes that some college students work ________.A. for further educationB. for pleasureC. to support their familyD. to learn about the society( ) 69. According to the passage, college students who take a job can ________.A. make more friendsB. prepare themselves for their later lifeC. win free journeysD. have complete independence from their family ( ) 70. Taking a job may cause a student to ________.A. be absent from their examsB. lose their interest in their studyC. be in conflict with their roommatesD. receive punishment from their teachers( ) 71. In the writer’s opinion, college students ________.A. had better take a part-time job during vacationB. should not take a jobC. should keep a balance between work and studyD. should learn by workingEIncreased use of the Internet and mobile phones are undermining pupil s’ability to study independently and promoting poor grammar,Cranfield School of Management found almost 6 in 10 school children were copying information directly from websites for homework tasks without properly reading it. More than a quarter thought it was an acceptable practice, even though they know it was considered plagiarism(剽窃).The study, based on a sample of around 260 pupils, suggested that modern technology was having a destructive effect on young people. Although school policies forbid mobile phone usage,students use the phones frequently, with the majority making calls from the toilets. The mobile phone continues to be a main channel of social communication during the school day.The report showed that so-called “text-speak” was increasingly found in pupils' school work. 3 in 10 students admit using text message shortcuts, such as “r u ok” in essays and classroom tasks. A study found almost half of teachers failed to understand some pupils ’ writing because it was so full of confusing spellings. Phrases such as “innit” and “Gr8” were regularly found in school work.The Cranfield study found that the mobile use was so co m mon that many pupils chose to ignore school rules on phones. More than a third said they would use their mobile phones in class, while nearly three quarters said they would not even make an excuse to leave class to answer a phone call. ( ) 72. The underlined word “undermining” in the first paragraph can best be replaced by ____ __.A. determiningB. keepingC. weakeningD. increasing ( ) 73. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most students’ writing skills are becoming worse.B. Text message language may affect pupil s’ spelling skills.C. Students like to invent new words in their writing.D. 30% of pupils often send text messages when studying .( ) 74. The passage is mainly about ________.A. the negative effect of technology on student s’ studyB. technology’s positive influence on student achievementC. the importance of online social communicationD. the rapidly growing role of communication technologies( ) 75. What’s the attitude of the author to the problem?A. OptimisticB. SatisfiedC. AnxiousD. PleasedPart Two(45%)I. Write the words we ’ve learne d in Ne w Horizons according to the de f initions given. (0.5*10=5)1. ________ products made from milk.2. ________ casual/ loose trousers.3. ________ a very tall modern city building.4. ________ a large sculpture of a person or an animal, made of stone or metal .5. ________ objects such as rings and necklaces that people wear as decoration .6. ________ of or between two or more countries.7. ________ to put a dead body in the ground, a tomb or the sea .8. ________ good at thinking of new, original, and clever ideas .9. ________ often changing in one’s feelings; annoyed or unhappy.10. ________ the place where a trial is held.II. Comple t e the following sentences with the right words we 've le a rned in Unit 8, Ne w Horizons. The first le t ters are given. (1*15=15)1. This area will be seriously a ________by the coming super typhoon. The airport has cancelledtoday’s flights.2. He often has a stomachache. The doctor told him to avoid foods that are high in f ________ anddifficult to digest.3. London West is the world’s major theater center, an attractive place for people from all over theworld to watch m ________. There are many wonderful live shows every day.4. The Chinese women’s volleyball team received a hero’s w ________ when they returned homeafter winning the world championship.5. I am in the habit of visiting the t ________ information centers when I travel in other countries.6. Janie is manager of a big shopping mall, and she also has a big family to support. She sometimeshas trouble in b ________ her career and family life.7. I spoke with a n________ and he advised me on a diet according to my blood type, which includesnot eating pasta.8. Like other m _____ _ mammals, kangaroos nurse their babies in special pouches on their bodies.9. In summer, local people canoe on the river, go p __ __ in the woods and take long bicycle rideson the green path.10. Greyfriars Bobby is said to be Scotland’s most loyal dog. He guarded his owner ’s grave for 14years until he passed away. Now he rests in the same c ________ with his owner in Edinburgh. 11. Many of my classmates said they had v ________ for Bond. I think he will win this year’s SuperStudent award.12. This jam contains no a ________ colors, flavors or sweeteners. We use natural material only.13. Middle Ages Period in European history dated from the fall of the Roman E ________, whichcovered many modern lands including Britain, France, Greece, Italy, etc .14. As a CCTV journalist, he has conducted a large collection of i ________ with leaders of differentcountries.15. Before refrigerators became popular in families, salt, sugar and vinegar were common food P________. With them, food wouldn’t go bad easily.III. Translation and se n tence transformation(1*10=10)1. 你能想象没有互联网的生活吗?_____________________________________________________________ without the Internet?2. 车祸后,朋友们都建议他给警察打电话。
广东省深圳市南山区深圳南山外国语学校2019-2020学年八年级上学期数学期中试卷
广东省深圳市南山区深圳南山外国语学校2019-2020学年八年级上学期数学期中试卷一、单选题(共12题;共24分)1.下列各数中是无理数的是()3 C. √15 D. √16A. 3.14B. √8【答案】C【解析】【解答】A.3.14是有限小数,属于有理数;3=2,是整数,属于有理数;B.√8C.√15是无理数;D.√16=4,是整数,属于有理数;故答案为:C.【分析】分别根据无理数、有理数的定义即可判定选择项.2.将下列长度的三根木棒首尾顺次连接,能构成直角三角形的是()A. 1,2,3B. 4,5,6C. 5,12,15D. 1,√3,2【答案】 D【解析】【解答】解:A、12+22≠32,故不能组成直角三角形,不符合题意;B、42+52≠62,故不能组成直角三角形,不符合题意;C、52+122≠152,故不能组成直角三角形,不符合题意;D、12+(√3)2=22,故能组成直角三角形,符合题意.故答案为:D.【分析】判断是否为直角三角形,只要验证两小边的平方和等于最长边的平方即可.3.对于一次函数y=x+6,下列结论错误的是()A. 函数值随自变量增大而增大B. 函数图象与轴正方向成45°角C. 函数图象不经过第四象限D. 函数图象与轴交点坐标是(0,6)【答案】 D【解析】【解答】解:∵y=x+6中k=1>0,∴y随x的增大而增大,故A符合题意;令x=0可得y=6,令y=0可求得x=-6,∴直线与x轴交于点(-6,0),与y轴交于点(0,6),∴函数图象与x轴的正方向成45°角,故B、C不符合题意;D符合题意;故答案为:D.【分析】根据一次函数性质逐项判断即可.4.在函数y=√x−2中,自变量x的取值范围是()xA. x>2B. x≤2且x≠0C. x<2D. x>2且x≠0【答案】 B【解析】【解答】解:2-x≥0且x≠0,解得x≤2且x≠0.故答案为:B .【分析】根据被开方数大于等于0,分母不等于0列式计算即可得:5.下面计算正确的是( )A. √2+√3=√5B. √4−√2=√2C. √27÷√3 =3D. √(−2)2 =﹣2【答案】 C【解析】【解答】解:A 、 √2+√3 无法合并,故此选项不符合题意;B 、 √4-√2=2-√2 ,故此选项不符合题意;C 、 √27÷√3=3 ,符合题意;D 、 √(-2)2=2 ,故此选项不符合题意;故答案为:C .【分析】直接利用二次根式的加减运算法则以及二次根式的性质分别判断得出答案.6.若单项式2x 2y a+b 与- 13 x a-b y 4是同类项,则a ,b 的值分别为( ) A. a =3,b =1 B. a =-3,b =1 C. a =3,b =-1 D. a =-3,b =-1【答案】 A【解析】【解答】解:∵单项式 2x 2y a+b 与 −13x a−b y 4 是同类项,∴ {a −b =2a +b =4,解得:a=3,b=1, 故答案为:A.【分析】所含有的字母相同,并且相同字母的指数也相同的项叫同类项.所以只要根据相同字母的指数相同列方程组进行求解.7.直线y=2x+2沿y 轴向下平移6个单位后与x 轴的交点坐标是( )A. (-4,0)B. (-1,0)C. (0,2)D. (2,0)【答案】 D【解析】【解答】将y=2x+2沿y 轴向下平移6个单位后的解析式为:y=2x-4,当y=0时,则x=2,即图像与x 轴的交点坐标为(2,0).【分析】根据平移可得直线y =2x +2沿y 轴向下平移6个单位后的解析式为y =2x +2−6=2x−4,再求出与x 轴的交点坐标即可.8.某年级学生共有246人,其中男生人数y 比女生人数x 的2倍少2人,则下面所列的方程组中正确的有( )A. {x +y =2462y =x −2B. {x +y =2462x =y +2C. {x +y =216y =2x +2D. {x +y =2462y =x +2【答案】 B【解析】【解答】解:根据某年级学生共有246人,则x+y =246;②男生人数y 比女生人数x 的2倍少2人,则2x =y+2.可列方程组为{x+y=246;2x=y+2故答案为:B.【分析】此题中的等量关系有:①某年级学生共有246人,则x+y=246;②男生人数y比女生人数x的2倍少2人,则2x=y+2;9.把两个一次函数y=ax+2与y=2x﹣a的图象在同一坐标系中画出,则可能是下面图象中的()A. B.C. D.【答案】C【解析】【解答】解:当a<0时,一次函数y=ax+2经过一、二、四象限,一次函数y=2x﹣a经过一、二、三象限;当a>0时,一次函数y=ax+2经过一、二、三象限,一次函数y=2x﹣a经过一、三、四象限.故答案为:C.【分析】分a<0和a>0两种情况判断两条直线经过的象限即可判断.10.如图4,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90∘,AC=3.将其绕B点顺时针旋转一周,则分别以BA,BC 为半径的圆形成一圆环.该圆环的面积为( )A. √3πB. 3πC. 3πD. 3π【答案】C【解析】【解答】解:圆环的面积为πAB2-πBC2,=π(AB2-BC2),=πAC2,=32π,=9π.故答案为:C .【分析】根据勾股定理,得两圆的半径的平方差即是AC 的平方.再根据圆环的面积计算方法:大圆的面积减去小圆的面积,即9π.11.如图1,点P 从△ABC 的顶点B 出发,沿B→C→A 匀速运动到点A ,图2是点P 运动时,线段BP 的长度y 随时间x 变化的关系图象,其中M 为曲线部分的最低点,则△ABC 的面积是( )A. 10B. 12C. 20D. 24【答案】 B【解析】【解答】解:根据图象可知点P 在BC 上运动时,此时BP 不断增大,由图象可知:点P 从B 向C 运动时,BP 的最大值为5,即BC=5,由于M 是曲线部分的最低点,∴此时BP 最小,即BP ⊥AC ,BP=4,∴由勾股定理可知:PC=3,由于图象的曲线部分是轴对称图形,∴PA=3,∴AC=6,∴△ABC 的面积为: 12 ×4×6=12.故答案为:B.【分析】根据图象可知点P 在BC 上运动时,此时BP 不断增大,而从C 向A 运动时,BP 先变小后变大,从而可求出BC 与AC 的长度.12.如图,在△ABC 中.∠ACB =90°,AC =4, BC =√2 ,点D 在AB 上,将△ACD 沿CD 折叠,点A 落在点A 1处,A 1C 与AB 相交于点E ,若A 1D ∥BC ,则A 1E 的长为( )A. 2√2B. 83C. 5√23D. 4−3√22 【答案】 B【解析】【解答】∵A 1D ∥BC ,∴∠B=∠A 1DB ,由折叠可得,∠A 1=∠A ,又∵∠A+∠B=90°,∴∠A 1+∠A 1DB=90°,∴AB ⊥CE ,∵∠ACB=90°,AC=4, BC =√2,∴ AB =√AC 2+BC 2=3√2.∵ 12AB ×CE =12BC ×AC ,∴ CE =BC×AC AB =43, 又∵A 1C=AC=4,∴ A 1E =4−43=83,故答案为:B.【分析】根据平行线的性质及折叠的性质可得∠B=∠A 1DB ,∠A 1=∠A ,根据垂直定义,可得AB ⊥CE ,利用勾股定理求出AB 的长,根据Rt △ABC 的面积可求出CE 的长,由A 1E=A1C-CE 计算即可. 二、填空题(共4题;共4分)13.49的算术平方根是________.【答案】7【解析】【解答】解:∵72=49, ∴49的算术平方根是7.故答案为:7.【分析】根据算术平方根的意义可求.14.已知 {x =2y =1 是方程组 {ax +by =4ay +bx =5的解,则a+b 的值为________. 【答案】 3.【解析】【解答】解:把 {x=2y=1 代入方程组得: {2a+b=4①a+2b=5②, ①+②得:3(a+b )=9,则a+b =3.故答案为:3.【分析】把x 与y 的值代入方程组求出a+b 的值即可;15.直角三角形的两直角边分别为5cm 和12cm ,则斜边上的高为________cm .【答案】 6013 .【解析】【解答】解:∵直角三角形的两条直角边分别为5cm ,12cm ,∴斜边为: √52+122 =13cm ,设斜边上的高为h,则直角三角形的面积为12×5×12=12×13•h,∴h=6013cm,故答案为:6013.【分析】根据勾股定理可求出斜边.然后由于同一三角形面积一定,可列方程直接解答.16.如图所示,直线y=x+2与两坐标轴分别交于A、B两点,点C是OB的中点,D、E分别是直线AB、y 轴上的动点,当△CDE周长最小时,点D的坐标为________.【答案】(﹣54,34).【解析】【解答】解:如图,作点C关于AB的对称点F,关于AO的对称点G,连接DF,EG,∵直线y=x+2与两坐标轴分别交于A、B两点,点C是OB的中点,∴B(﹣2,0),C(﹣1,0),∴BO=2,OG=1,BG=3,易得∠ABC=45°,∴△BCF是等腰直角三角形,∴BF=BC=1,由轴对称的性质,可得DF=DC,EC=EG,当点F,D,E,G在同一直线上时,△CDE的周长=CD+DE+CE=DF+DE+EG=FG,此时△DEC周长最小,设直线FG的解析式为:y=kx+b,∵F(﹣2,1),G(1,0),∴{-2k+b=1k+b=0,∴{k=-1 3b=13,直线FG的解析式为:y=-13x+13,解{y=-13x+13y=x+2得{x=-54y=34,∴点D的坐标为(﹣54,34),故答案为:(﹣54,34).【分析】作点C关于AB的对称点F,关于AO的对称点G,连接DF,EG,由轴对称的性质,可得DF=DC,EC=EG,故当点F,D,E,G在同一直线上时,△CDE的周长=CD+DE+CE=DF+DE+EG=FG,此时△DEC周长最小;三、解答题(共7题;共70分)17.计算(1)√3+√27−√12(2)(√6−√18)×√3+9√23(3)√20+√5√45−√13×√6(4)√(−5)2+|3−√12|√3+(13)−1【答案】(1)原式=√3+3√3-2√3=2√3;(2)原式=√6×3-√18×3+3√6=3√2-3√6+3√6=3√2;(3)原式=√5+√53√5√13×6=1﹣√2;(4)原式=5+2 √3﹣3﹣2 √3+3=5.【解析】【分析】(1)先把二次根式化为最简二次根式,然后合并即可;(2)利用二次根式的乘法法则运算,然后化简后合并即可;(3)先把二次根式化为最简二次根式,然后利用二次根式的乘除法则运算;(4)根据二次根式的性质、绝对值的意义和负整数指数的幂意义计算.18.解方程组(1){2x−y=53x−2y=8(消元法)(2){y+14=x+232x −3y =1(加减法) 【答案】 (1){2x -y=5①3x -2y=8②, 由①得:y =2x -5③,把③代入②得:3x -2(2x -5)=8,∴x =2,把x =2代入③得:y =﹣1,则方程组的解为 {x=2y=-1;(2){y+14=x+23①2x -3y=1② ,①×12得:3(y+1)=4(x +2),∴-4x+3y =5③,③+②得:-2x =6,∴x =-3,把x =-3代入②得:y = -73 ,则方程组的解为 {x=-3y=-73; 【解析】【分析】(1)方程组利用加减消元法求出解即可;(2)方程组整理后,利用代入消元法求出解即可.19.如图,已知△ABO .(1)点A 关于x 轴对称的点的坐标为________,点B 关于y 轴对称的点的坐标为________; (2)判断△ABO 的形状,并说明理由.【答案】 (1)(2,-4);(-6,2)(2)△ABO 是等腰直角三角形.理由如下:∵AO 2=22+42=20,AB 2=22+42=20,BO 2=22+62=40,∴AO 2+AB 2=BO 2 , ∴△ABO 是等腰直角三角形.【解析】【解答】(1)∵A (2,4),B (6,2),∴点A 关于x 轴对称的点坐标为 (2,﹣4),点B 关于y 轴对称的点坐标为 (﹣6,2).故答案为:(2,﹣4);(﹣6,2);【分析】(1)由图象可知A 、B 两点的坐标,再根据关于坐标轴对称的点的坐标特点可求得答案;(2)由点的坐标可求得AO 、BO 、AB ,根据勾股定理的逆定理可判定△ABO 为等腰直角三角形.20.阅读材料:已知点 P(x 0,y 0) 和直线 y =kx +b ,则点P 到直线 y =kx +b 的距离d 可用公式 d =00√1+k 2 计算.例如:求点 P(−2,1) 到直线 y =x +1 的距离.解:因为直线 y =x +1 可变形为 x −y +1=0 ,其中 k =1,b =1 ,所以点 P(−2,1) 到直线 y =x +1 的距离为: d =00√1+k 2=√1+12=√2=√2 .根据以上材料,求:(1)点 P(1,1) 到直线 y =3x −2 的距离,并说明点P 与直线的位置关系;(2)已知直线 y =−x +1 与 y =−x +3 平行,求这两条直线的距离.【答案】 (1)求:(1)直线 y =3x −2 可变为 3x −y −2=0 , d =√12+32=0 说明点P 在直线 y =3x −2 上;(2)在直线 y =−x +1 上取一点(0,1),直线 y =−x +3 可变为 x +y −3=0则 d =√12+12=√2 ,∴这两条平行线的距离为 √2 .【解析】【分析】利用点到直线的距离公式进行作答即可.21.某校八年级学生外出社会实验活动,为了提前做好准备工作,学校安排小车送义工队前往,同时其余学生乘坐客车去目的地,小车到达目的地后立即返回,客车在目的地等候,如图是两车距学校的距离y (千米)与行驶时间x (小时)之间的函数图象.(1)填空:目的地距离学校________千米,小车出发去目的地的行驶速度是________千米/时; (2)当两车行驶3小时后在途中相遇,求点P 的坐标;(3)在第(2)题的条件下,求客车到达目的地所用时间.【答案】 (1)180;90(2)设直线AB 的解析式是y =kx+b ,因为A (2,l80),B (5,0),可得: {2k+b=1805k+b=0,解得: {k=-60b=300. 所以可得AB 解析式:y =﹣60x+300,当x =3时,y =120,∴P (3,120);(3)直线OC 解析式:y =40x ,当y =180时, x=92 ;即客车到达目的地所用时间为 92 小时.【解析】【解答】(1)目的地距离学校180千米,小车出发去目的地的行驶速度是1802 =90千米/时;故答案为:180;90;【分析】(1)根据图象得出距离,进而计算出速度即可;(2)设直线AB 的解析式是y =kx+b ,把A (2,l80),B (5,0)代入解析式,得出解析式,再把x =3代入解答即可;(3)得出直线OC 的解析式,再把y =180代入解答即可.22.如图,△ABC 中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC ,点E 是AC 上一点,连接BE .(1)如图1,若AB=4 √2 ,BE=5,求AE 的长;(2)如图2,点D 是线段BE 延长线上一点,过点A 作AF ⊥BD 于点F ,连接CD 、CF ,当AF=DF 时,求证:DC=BC .【答案】 (1)解:∵∠ACB=90°,AC=BC ,∴AC=BC= √22AB=4, ∵BE=5,∴CE= √BE 2−BC 2 =3,∴AE=4﹣3=1;(2)解:∵∠ACB=90°,AC=BC ,∴∠CAB=45°,∵AF ⊥BD ,∴∠AFB=∠ACB=90°,∴A ,F ,C ,B 四点共圆,∴∠CFB=∠CAB=45°,∴∠DFC=∠AFC=135°,在△ACF 与△DCF 中, {AF =DF∠AFC =∠DFC CF =CF,∴△ACF ≌△DCF ,∴CD=AC ,∵AC=BC ,∴AC=BC .【解析】【分析】(1)根据等腰直角三角形的性质得到AC=BC= √22AB=4,根据勾股定理得到CE= √BE 2−BC 2 =3,于是得到结论;(2)根据等腰直角三角形的性质得到∠CAB=45°,由于∠AFB=∠ACB=90°,推出A ,F ,C ,B 四点共圆,根据圆周角定理得到∠CFB=∠CAB=45°,求得∠DFC=∠AFC=135°,根据全等三角形的性质即可得到结论.23.如图1,直线y =﹣ 43 x+4与坐标轴分别相交于A 、B 两点,在第一象限内,以线段AB 为边向外作正方形ABCD ,过A 、C 点作直线AC .(1)填空:点A 的坐标是________,正方形ABCD 的边长等于________;(2)求直线AC 的函数解析式;(3)如图2,有一动点M 从B 出发,以1个单位长度/秒的速度向终点C 运动,设运动的时间为t (秒),连接AM ,当t 为何值时,则AM 平分∠BAC ?请说明理由.【答案】 (1)(3,0);5(2)如图1,过点C 作CN ⊥OB 于N ,∴∠CBN+∠BCN =90°,∵四边形ABCD 是正方形,∴AB =BC ,∠ABC =90°,∴∠OBA+∠CBN =90°,∴∠OBA =∠BCN ,在△AOB 和△BNC 中,{∠AOB =∠BNC =90°∠ABO =∠BCN AB =BC,∴△AOB ≌△BNC (AAS ),∴CN =OB =4,BN =OA =3,∴ON =OB+BN =7,∴C(4,7),设直线AC的解析式为y=kx+b,∵A(3,0),∴{4k+b=73k+b=0,∴{k=7;b=-21∴直线AC的解析式为y=7x﹣21;(3)如图2,过M作MF⊥AC当AM为∠BAC的角平分线时,∵MF⊥AC,MB⊥AB∴BM=FM∵∠MCF=45°,∴MF=CF设BM=x,则CM=5﹣x,则CM=√2MF=√2BM,∴5﹣x=√2x,∴(√2+1)x=5,∴x=5√2-5,√21∴t为5√2-5时,AM平分∠BAC.4与坐标轴分别相交于A、B两点,【解析】【解答】(1)∵直线y=-43x+令x=0,则y=4,∴B(0,4),4,令y=0,则0=-43x+∴x=3,∴A(3,0),∴AB=√32+42=5,故答案为:(3,0),5;【分析】(1)根据坐标轴上点的特点求出点A,B坐标,即可得出结论;(2)先判断出△AOB≌△BNC,得出BN=OA=3,CN=OB=4,即可求出点C纵坐标,最后用待定系数法即可得出结论;(3)先判断出MF=CF,用CM=√2BM建立方程即可得出结论;试卷分析部分1. 试卷总体分布分析总分:100分客观题(占比)25(25.0%)分值分布主观题(占比)75(75.0%)客观题(占比)13(56.5%)题量分布主观题(占比)10(43.5%)2. 试卷题量分布分析大题题型题目量(占比)分值(占比)单选题12(52.2%)24(24.0%)填空题4(17.4%)4(4.0%)解答题7(30.4%)72(72.0%)3. 试卷难度结构分析序号难易度占比1容易13%2普通78.3%3困难8.7%4. 试卷知识点分析序号知识点(认知水平)分值(占比)对应题号1无理数的认识2(0.9%)1 2勾股定理的逆定理2(0.9%)2 3一次函数的性质2(0.9%)3 4分式有意义的条件2(0.9%)4 5二次根式有意义的条件2(0.9%)4 6二次根式的性质与化简2(0.9%)5 7二次根式的加减法22(9.5%)5,17 8同类项2(0.9%)6 9两一次函数图象相交或平行问题2(0.9%)7 10一次函数图象与坐标轴交点问题2(0.9%)7 11二元一次方程组的应用-和差倍分问题2(0.9%)8 12一次函数图象、性质与系数的关系2(0.9%)9 13勾股定理9(3.9%)10,12,15,22 14圆的面积2(0.9%)10 15三角形的面积5(2.2%)11,12,15 16动点问题的函数图象2(0.9%)11 17平行线的性质2(0.9%)1218翻折变换(折叠问题)2(0.9%)12 19算术平方根1(0.4%)13 20解二元一次方程1(0.4%)14 21二元一次方程组的解1(0.4%)14 22点的坐标1(0.4%)16 23轴对称的应用-最短距离问题1(0.4%)16 24实数的运算20(8.6%)17 25二次根式的混合运算20(8.6%)17 26解二元一次方程组10(4.3%)18 27关于坐标轴对称的点的坐标特征6(2.6%)19 28等腰直角三角形6(2.6%)19 29两点间的距离10(4.3%)20 30点到直线的距离10(4.3%)20 31平行线之间的距离10(4.3%)20 32定义新运算10(4.3%)20 33待定系数法求一次函数解析式22(9.5%)21,23 34一次函数的实际应用11(4.7%)21 35全等三角形的判定与性质4(1.7%)2236三角形全等及其性质11(4.7%)23 37三角形全等的判定11(4.7%)23。
广东省深圳市福田区外国语学校2022-2023学年七年级上学期期中考试数学试卷(原卷版)
2022-2023学年度第一学期期中考试七年级数学试卷说明:答题前,务必将自己的姓名、学号等填写在答题卷规定的位置上.1.考生必须在答题卷上按规定作答:凡在试卷、草稿纸上作答的,其答案一律无效.2.全卷共4页,考试时间90分钟,满分100分一、选择题(共10小题,每题3分,共30分)1. 2022的倒数是( )A. 2022−B. 12022±C. 12022D. 12022− 2. 用平面去截一个几何体,如果截面是圆形,则原几何体可能是( )A. 正方体、球B. 圆柱、圆锥C. 圆锥、棱柱D. 球、长方体 3. 下列正方体的展开图中,“勤”的对面是“戴”的展开图是( )A. B. C. D.4. 2022年春节期间,某市20家A 级景区平均每天接待游客2万人次,则全市这20家A 级景区这7天共接待游客数量用科学记数法可表示为( )人次A. 51.410×B. 64.810×C. 60.1410×D. 4210× 5. 下列各数()33−,(3)−−,()43−,3−−,33−中,负数有( )A. 2个B. 3个C. 4个D. 5个6. 下列结论中,正确的是( )A. 单项式235xy 的系数是3,次数是3 B. 单项式x 的次数是1,没有系数 C. 单项式2−xy z 系数是1−,次数是4 D. 多项式253x xy −+是三次三项式 7. 下列说法中正确的个数为( ):①一个有理数不是整数就是分数;②0是单项式;③一个棱柱有8个面,则该棱柱是一个八棱柱;④若x x =−,则x 一定是负数;⑤若a b >,则一定有a b >;⑥一个三位数百位数字为c ,十位数字为b ,个位数字为a ,则这个三位数可以表示为cba .的A. 2个B. 3个C. 4个D. 5个8. 图所示,在数轴上标出了有理数a ,b ,c 的位置其中0是原点,则1a ,1b ,1c ,大小顺序是( ) A. 111a b c >> B.111b a c >> C. 111b c a >> D. 111c a b >> 9. 如图,按下面程序计算,若开始输入的值x 为正整数,最后输出的结果为282,则满足条件的x 的不同值最多有( )A. 3个B. 4个C. 5个D. 6个10. 对非负实数x “四舍五入”到个位的值记为x <>,即当n 为非负整数时,若1122n x n −≤<+,则x n <>=,如0.370<>=, 3.514<>=,给出下列关于x <>的结论正确的是( )① 1.4991<>=;②33x x <>=<>;③x y x y <><=>+<+>;④当0x ≥,m 为非负整数时,有20222022m x m x <+>=+<>; ⑤满足32x x <>=的非负数x 只有两个. A. ①④ B. ①④⑤ C. ①②⑤ D. ①③④二、填空题(共5小题,每题3分,共15分)11. 比较大小78−______67−. 12. 若2a −与3b +互为相反数,则a b −的值为________.13. 某品牌电脑原售价m 元,国庆打折促销,在原售价八折的基础上又降价n 元,那么该电脑的现售价为________元.14. 已知一个边长分别为7cm 和8cm 的长方形,若绕着该长方形的一条边所在的直线旋转一周得到的几何体的体积最小是________.的15. 按一定规律排列的一列数:3b a −,52b a ,73b a −,94b a ,(0)ab ≠ ,第n 个式子为________. 三、解答题(共7题,共55分)16. 计算题:(1)()()()915128−+−−+−(2)1131323142 −×−×÷− (3)2020311|24|(2)3−−−−×+− (4)111136693 −×−−17. 已知()3a =−−,()4b =−+,()2012c d ++−=,(1)a =__________,b =__________,c =__________,d =__________;(2)求多项式ab bc cd d −+−的值.18 如图,数轴上有a 、b 、c 三点.(1)c b −_______0;a b − _______0;2b − ______0(填“<”“>”或“=”).(2)化简:2c b a b b −−−+−.19. 由大小相同的边长为1cm 小立方块搭成的几何体如图.(1)请在方格纸中分别画出这个几何体从左面和上面看到的形状;(2)这个几何体的表面积为_______.(3)用相同形状的小立方块重新搭一个几何体,使得它从上面看和从左面看到的与你在上图方格中所画的图一致,这样的几何体最少要_______个立方块,最多要_______个立方块.20. 某文具厂计划一天生产500支中性笔,但由于各种原因,实际每天生产中性笔数与计划每天生产中性笔数相比有出入.下表是某周的生产情况(增产记为正,减产记为负):.星期一 二 三 四 五 六 日 生产情况19+ 5− 7− 23+ 9− 12+ 17+(1)该厂这周产量最多的一天比产量最少的一天多生产__________支中性笔;(2)该厂实行每日计件工资制,每生产10支可得6元.若超额完成数量不少于50支,则额外奖励50元;若未能完成任务,则扣100元.该厂工人这周的工资总额是多少元?21. (1)①观察一列数1,2,4,8,16,…,发现从第二项开始,每一项与前一项之比是一个常数,这个常数是________;根据此规律,如果n a (n 为正整数)表示这个数列第n 项,那么10a =__________,n a =_________;②为了求2399912222+++++ 的值,可以这么做;令23998999122222M =++++++ ,则231000999222222M =+++++ ,因此1000221M M −=−,所以10001000212121M −==−−,即2399910001222221+++++=− . 仿照以上推理: (2)计算23202217777+++++ 的值. (3)计算238911111123491033333 +×+×+×++×+×. 22. 我们知道x 的几何意义是在数轴上x 对应的点与原点的距离,即0x x =−,也就是说,x 表示在数轴上数x 与数0对应点之间的距离.同样的,若数轴上两点A ,B 在数轴上对应的点分别为a ,b ,则点A ,B 之间的距离可以表示为AB a b =-.阅读上面材料,回答问题. (1)数轴上表示2和7−两点之间的距离是________;若35x −=,则x =________. (2)若数轴上点A ,B 和C 在数轴上对应的数分别为3,7和1,点P 为数轴上一动点,其在数轴上对应的数为x .①当x 取值范围为____________时,PA PB +有最小值为____________;此时,PA PB PC +−的最大值是____________,最小值是____________.②设点Р以每秒一个单位长度的速度从A 点出发向左运动,到达点C 后以原来的速度向相反的方向运动.设的的点Р的运动时间为t秒,问是否存在点P,使得13PA PC=?若存在,请求出t的值;若不存在,请说明理由.。
2023广东省深圳外国语学校高中园高一下学期开学考英语试题
深外高中园2022—2023学年度高一第一学期学段(二)考试英语试卷本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,共10页,满分为150分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:1、答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和学号填写在答题卡密封线内相应的位置上, 用2B铅笔将自己的学号填涂在答题卡上。
2、选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净 后,再选涂其他答案;不能答在试卷上。
3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答,答案必须写在答卷纸各题目指定区域内的相 应位置上,超出指定区域的答案无效;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅 笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁和平整。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷 的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What do we learn from the conversation?A.The man hates to lend his tools to other people.B.The man lost those tools.C.The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.2.What are the two speakers talking about?A. A trip.B. A park.C. A cinema.3.What does the man mean?A.He would like to make an appointment for the woman.B.He thinks it worthwhile to try Santerbale’s.C.He knows a less expensive place for a haircut.4.What do we learn from this conversation?A The man wants to go to Los AngelesB The man wants to go to San Francisco.C There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.5.What is the woman’s opinion of the research paper?A. Only a few changes should be made in it.B. It’s fine as it is.C. Major revisions are needed in it.第二节(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
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深圳市南山外国语学校(集团)2019-2020学年第一学期七年级期中英语教学质量检测试卷试卷总分:100分测试时间:90分钟命题人:袁内军审题人:童欣笔试部分(85分)I.单项选择.(1x15=15分)x选择可以替代划线部分的最佳答案.16.I live with my grandparents in a house close to some mountains.A.nearB.far away fromC.besides17.Afternoon classes end at 3:30 p.m.A.beginB.startC.stop.18.It is important for us to protect the wild animals.A.changeB.preventC.keep...safe19.The winter in Beijing is always cold and dry.A.not wetB.humidC.not hot20.Nobody should leave your seat before the teacher says,“Class is over."A.go toB.go away from.C.go into根据语境选择最佳答案.21.Your task is to _ the report after class.pleteB.catchC.kick22.In order to reduce the air pollution,we mustn't things to make energy.A.polluteB.burnC.kill23.Look!The dog is too weak to_ .It is dyingA.blowB.returnC.breathe24.When you go to travel,don't forget to take your_ and take beautiful photos.A.hobbyB.cameraC.postcard25.The teacher is angry at him because he is _ late for school.A.neverB.seldomC.always26.There is "u"and "m"in the word"umbrella".A.a;aB.an;aC.a;an27.The rubbish stinky.The cleaners_ too busy.They haven't cleaned it yet.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;are28.-_ there any beef in the fridge?-No,there .There_ only some vegetables.A.Is;is;areB.Are;are;isC.Is;isn't,are29.-The maths problem is too hard-Yes.It is not easy it out.A.to solve;to workB.solving;workingC.solves;works30.My mum usually vegetables at the market,but tomorrow she some in the convenience store.A.buy;buyB.buys;will buyC.will buy,buysI.完形填空.(1.5X10=15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一-个最佳答案。
Is Lucky really lucky?A friend in need is a friend indeed(真正地).Is it real?Lucky is a very cute(聪明伶的)and31 dog.His owner(主人)often goes out for a walk with him 32 the road.Lucky loves _33 owner very much.On June 26,2012,it is a(n) 34 day for Lucky.He is hit 35 _ a big car.His two back legs are broken.Unluckily,he can't find his 36 at that time. So he has to wait on the road.Some people see him and want to 37 him back home.But he doesn't want any people to look after him.Some people also want to move him to a(n)_ 38 place. But again and again,Lucky moves to the 39 place.He is waiting for his owner all the time,He looks very 40 .Three days later,on June 28,the policemen find his owner,but the owner does not want to keep him again!Oh,the poor Lucky!()31.A.bad B.lovely C.lucky D.boring()32.A.to B.of C.at D.on()33.A.him B.its C.his D.her()34.A.bad B.nice C.good D easy()35.A.to B.on C.by D.with()36.A.children B.owner C.friend D.parents()37.A.make B.give C.lend D.take()38.A.other B.good C.strange D.safe()39.A.another B.other C.first D.before()40.A.bad B.cute C.poor D.lovely四.阅读理解.(1.5X20=30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案.AHow nice to meet you all!Let me tell you a little bit about myself.My name is Li Ming.I am from Shenzhen.There are three people in my family,My father is a Maths teacher and my mother is an English teacher.We all love playing sports very much.My favorite sport is football.My parents are crazy about badminton.From now on we study together and live together.I think we should love and help each other.And we must love our school and teachers!Let's be good friends.Let's get to know each other better.Let's become a real family here at school.It's time for us to depend on(依靠)ourselves.Never let our parents down!The future belongs to us.()41.Where is Li Ming from?A.Shenzhen.B.Guangzhou.C.EnglandD.The USA.()42.What does Li Ming's mother do?A.She is a doctor.B.She is an English teacher.C.She is a worker.D.She is a music teacher.()43.What's Li Ming's favourite sport?A.Football.B.Basketball.C.Badminton.D.V olleyball.()44.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned by the writer?A.We should help and love each other..B.We must love our teachers.C.Let's become a real family here.D.Let's study English hard.()45.What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined part"let...down"?A.让....摔倒B.让....失望C.让.....生气D. 让.....高兴BSome countries never have snow,and some have only a little on the top of very high mountains.In the north of England,there is quite a lot of snow every winter,but in the south of England,there is usually little.When a student from a warm country comes to England in autumn for the first time,he feels cool at first.There are often dark clouds,grey sky and cold rain in England in autumn,and most students from warm countries do not like these.But snow is different.Though it is cold,it is beautiful.Perhaps,after several dark mornings,the student wakes up one day,and there is a lot of light in his room.He thinks"Is it so late?"and jumps out of the bed.But no,it is not very late.He looks out of the window and there is snow on the ground and on the houses and everywhere.The light of his room comes from the clean,beautiful snow.()46.In which part of England is there much snow in winter?A.In the eastB.In the southC.In the westD.In the north()47.In the autumn of England,we cannot often seeA.strong windsB.dark cloudsC.grey skyD.cold rain()48.In England both snow and autumn rain areA.warmB.cleanC.coldD.heavy()49.Why does the student ask himself"Is it so late?”?A.Because it's really lateB.Because he has some work to doC.Because it is bright in the roomD.Because he usually gets up early()50.Which of the following is right?A.Every country in the world has snow in winterB.Many people in the world haven't seen snowC.It is often very warm in the autumn of EnglandD.Foreign students like the weather in England in autumnCMan's Best FriendAlmost everyone likes dogs,and almost everyone likes reading stories about dogs.I have a friend. The friend has a large police dog.Its name is Jack.Police dogs are often very clever.Every Sunday afternoon my friend takes Jack for a long walk in the park.Jack likes these long walks very much.One Sunday afternoon a young man came to visit my friend.He stayed a long time.He talked and talked.Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk.But the visitor still stayed.Jack became very worried. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of the visitor and looked at him.But the visitor paid no attention.He continued talking.Finally Jackcouldn't stand(忍受)it.He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later.He sat down again in front of the visitor,but this time he held the visitor's hat in his mouth and ran out of the room.)51.Jack is the name ofA.a young manB.a policemanC.a police dogD.a good friend()52.In this story the underlined word"visitor"meansA.,the young manB.the writer of this storyC.the police dog D the friend()53.The visitor paid no attention to the dog becauseA.he was blindB.he didn't like the dogC.he was afraid of the dogD.he didn't understand what the dog meant()54.The dog held the visitor's hat in his mouth to show thatA.he liked the hat very muchB.he wanted the visitor to leave immediatelyC.he wanted to throw the hat awayD.he wanted to put on the hat()55.Why did Jack the police dog want the visitor to leave? BecauseA.he disliked the visitorB.He liked the visitor.C.it's time to have dinnerD.It's time to have a walk in the park.DOne evening,Mrs.White said to her husband in surprise,“You look like the football player in the game on TV!”Mr.White watched that man carefully and then said,“Yeah.He is really like me."A week later,Mr.White heard that the football player would com e to their city.He was very happy.He bought an expensive ticket and went to watch the football game.He wanted to have a look at the player face to face.However,a short time later,Mr.White ran back home.To Mrs.White's surprise,her husband was black and blue_all over his face."Oh,dear!What happened to you?”Mrs.White cried.Her husband answered angrily,"How terrible it was!Many people in our city wanted to hit that player.When I got there,someone began to hit ter,more and more people came to hit me.I turned and ran home at once.Luckily,I could run fast, or I'll never return home."()56.Mr.White felt_when he knew the player would come to their city.A.sadB.angryC.happyD.upset()57.Mr.White bought an expensive football ticket becauseA.Mrs.White asked him to buy itB.he wanted to see the playerC.he really wanted to watch the gameD.the player wanted him to watch the game()58.The underlined words“black and blue"means“ ”in Chinese.A.黑与蓝B.精神焕发C.青一块紫一块D.青红皂白()59.Mr.White ran back home a short time later becauseA.the player didn't like himB.he game was very boringC.many people came to hit himD.his wife asked him to do that()60.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Looking Like a Football PlayerB.A Football FanC.A Football GameD.Being the Wife of a Football FanIV.语法填空.(1x10=10分)根据句子意思,用所给单词的适当形式填空,未提供单词的限填一词,将答案写在答题卡上.(共10小题,每小题1分)My name is Kitty and I am_ 61American girl.I am 13 years old.I live in New York with my parents.I go to school_62_bus because my school is far away from our home.My favorite hobby is_63_ (read)books in my free time.I can play the violin very_64(good).I would like 65_(become)a musician in the future.I enjoy 66_(play)basketball very much,and I often play it__67_(one)a week. My mother_68_(work )as a teacher in our school,and she teaches_69_(we)Maths.My father is a doctor and he works hard every day.I love my school and my family._70_happy I am!V.书面表达(5X1=15分)假如你准备参加一个英语演讲比赛,请根据以下提示,以“保护地球"为主题,写一篇演讲稿.提示:1地球是个美丽的地方,我们只有一个地球,那是我们的家;2目前地球上存在很多污染问题,列举2点;3人们应该多种树,停止猎杀动物,停止使用塑料袋(plastic bag)等4号召大家行动起来,保护地球。