目管理术语英汉对照表

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项目管理术语中英文对照

项目管理术语中英文对照项目管理术语中英文对照ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed 已执行工作实际成本AD Activity Description 工作描述ADM Arrow Diagramming Method 箭线图示解法AF Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期AOA Activity-On-Arrow 双代号网络图AON Activity-On-Node 单代号网络图AS Actual Start Date 实际开始日期BAC Budget At Completion 在完成时的预算BCWP Budgeted Cost of work Performed 已执行工作预算成本BCWS Budgeted Cost of work Scheduled 计划完成工作预算成本CCB Change Control Board 变更控制委员会CPFF Cost Plus Fixed Fee 成本加固定费用（合同）CPIF Cost Plus Incentive Fee 成本加奖励费用（合同）CPI Cost Performance Index 成本执行指数CPM Critical Path Method 关键线路法CV Cost Variance 成本偏差DD Data Date 数据日期DU Duration 持续时间，工期EAC Estimate At Completion 在完成时的估算EF Early Finish date 最早完成日期ES Early Start date 最早开始日期ETC Estimate (or Estimated) To Complete 到完成时的估算EV Earned Value 挣值法FF Free Float or Finish-to-Finish 自由时差，或完成到完成关系FFP Firm Fixed Price 完全固定总价合同FPIF Fixed Price Incentive Fee 固定价加奖励费用FS Finish-to-Start 完成到开始关系GERT Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique 图示评审技术IFB Invitation For Bid 邀标LF Late Finish Date 最晚完成日期LOE Level of Effort 投入水平LS Late Start date 最晚开始日期MPM Modern Project Management 现代项目管理OBS Organization(al) Breakdown Structure 组织分解结构PC Percent Complete 完成百分比PDM Precedence Diagramming Method 优先图示法PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique 计划评审技术PF Planned Finish date 计划完成日期PM Project Management or Project Manager 项目管理或项目经理PMBOK Project Management Body of Knowledge 项目管理知识体系PMP Project Management Professional 项目管理专业人员PS Planned Start date 计划开始日期QA Quality Assurance 质量保障QC Quality Control 质量控制RAM Responsibility Assignment Matrix 责任分配矩阵RDU Remaining DUration 剩余工期RFP Request For Proposal 请求建议书RFQ Request For Quotation 请求报价单SF Scheduled Finish date or Start-to-Finish 计划完成日期或开始到完成关系SOW Statement of Work 工作说明SPI Schedule Performance Index 进度执行指数SS Scheduled Start date or Start-to-Start 计划开始日期或开始到开始关系SV Schedule Variance 进度偏差TC Target Completion date 目标完成日期TF Total Float or Target Finish date 总时差，或目标完成日期TS Target Start date 目标开始日期TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构定义这里定义的许多词，在词典的定义中具有更广泛的意义，在某些情况下具有不同的意义。

项目管理术语英汉对照表

项目管理术语英汉对照表项目管理翻译词汇目录[隐藏]1 A2 B3 C4 D5 E6 F7 G8 H9 I10 J11 K12 L13 M14 N15 O16 P17 Q18 R19 S20 T21 U22 V23 W24 Y25 Z[编辑]AAbstract Resource 抽象资源Abstraction 抽象Acceleration 加速Acceptability Criteria 验收标准Acceptable Quality Level ("AQL") 可接受质量水平Acceptance 验收Acceptance Criteria 验收标准Acceptance Letters 验收函Acceptance Number 接受数目Acceptance Review 验收评审Acceptance Test 验收测试Acquisition Methods 采购方式Acquisition Negotiations 采购谈判Acquisition Plan 采购计划Acquisition Plan Review ("APR") 采购计划评审Acquisition Planning 采购计划编制Acquisition Process 采购过程Acquisition Strategy 采购策略Action 行动Action Item 行动项Action Item Flags 行动项标记Action Plan 行动计划Activation 激活Active Listening 积极倾听Activity Arrow Net 活动箭线网络Activity Based Costing ("ABC") 基于活动的成本核算Activity Based Management ("ABM") 基于活动的管理Activity Calendar 活动日历Activity Code 活动代码Activity Definition 活动定义Activity Description 活动描述Activity Duration 活动工期活动持续时间Activity Duration Estimating 活动工期估算Activity Elaboration 活动详述Activity File 活动档案Activity ID 活动识别码Activity List 活动清单Activity Node Net 活动节点网络双代号网络Activity on Arc ("AOA") 弧线表示活动双代号网络Activity on Arrow ("AOA") 箭线表示活动双代号网络Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络Activity Oriented 面向活动Activity Oriented Schedule 面向活动的进度计划Activity Properties 活动属性Activity Quantities 活动量值Activity Status 活动状态Activity Timing 活动定时Actor 执行者角色Actual 实际的Actual and Scheduled Progress 实际进展的与计划进度Actual Cost 实际成本Actual Cost Data Collection 实际成本汇总Actual Costs 实际费用Actual Dates 实际日期Actual Direct Costs 实际直接成本Actual Expenditures 实际的支出Actual Finish 实际完成Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期Actual Start 实际开始Actual Start Date 实际开始日期ACWP 已完成工作实际成本See Actual Cost of Work PerformedAdaptation 适应Added value 附加价值Addendum 附录Adequacy 适当Adjourning 解散Adjustment 调节ADMArrow Diagram MethodADM Project ADM 项目Administration 管理部门Administrative 行政的Administrative Change 行政变更Administrative Management 行政管理ADPAutomated Data ProcessingADRAlternative Dispute ResolutionAdvanced Material Release ("AMR") 材料提前发布AFActual Finish DateAFEApplication for ExpenditureAuthority for ExpenditureAffect 影响Affected Parties 受影响方Agency 代理Agenda 议程Aggregation 汇总Agreement 协议Agreement, legal 协议合同ALAPAs-Late-As-PossibleAlgorithm 算法Alignment 排列成行Alliance 联合Allocated Baseline 分配的基线Allocated Requirements 分配需求Allocation 分配Allowable Cost 允许成本Allowance 预留Alternate Resource 替代资源Alternative Analysis 替代分析Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") 替代争议解决方案Alternatives 可选方案Ambiguity 含糊不清Amendment 修订Amount at Stake 损失量AMR 材料提前公布Analysis 分析Analysis and Design 分析与设计Analysis Time 分析期Analyst 分析员AND Relationship 与关系Anecdotal 轶事Anticipated Award Cost 预期中标价AOAActivity on ArrowActivity on ArcAONActivity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络AOQAverage Outgoing Quality 平均出厂质量AOQLAverage Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出厂质量限度APMAArea of Project Management Application 项目管理的应用领域Apparent Low Bidder 最低投标人Application 应用Application Area 应用领域Application for Expenditure ("AFE") 支出申请Application for Expenditure Justification 支出申请的论证Application Programs 应用程序Applied Direct Costs 实际直接成本Apportioned Effort 分摊努力Apportioned Task 分摊任务Appraisal 评估Approach 方法Appropriation 拨款Approval 批准Approval to Proceed 批准继续Approve 同意Approved Bidders List 批准的投标人清单Approved Changes 批准的变更Approved Project Requirements 批准的项目需求APRAcquisition Plan ReviewAQLAcceptable Quality LevelArbitrary 随意的Arbitration 仲裁Arc 弧线Architectural Baseline 构架基线Architectural View 构架视图Architecture 构架Architecture, executable 构架可执行Archive 档案文件Archive Plan 存档计划Area of Project ApplicationArea of Project Management ApplicationArea of Project Management Application ("APMA") 项目管理的应用领域Arrow 箭线Arrow Diagram Method ("ADM") 箭线图方法Arrow Diagramming 箭线图方法Arrow Diagramming Method 箭线图方法双代号网络图Artifact 制品Artificial 人工的ASActual Start DateASAPAs-Soon-As-PossibleAs-built Design 实际建造设计As-built document．tion 实际建造文档As-Built RecordsAs-Built Schedule 实际建造进度计划As-Late-As-Possible ("ALAP") 尽可能晚As-Needed 恰如所需As-of Date见Data Date.As-Performed Schedule 实际进度计划Assembly 组装件Assembly Sequence 组装顺序Assessment 评估Assets 资产Assignment 分配委派任务Associated Revenue 关联收益Association 关联关系As-Soon-As-Possible ("ASAP") 尽快Assumption 假设Assumptions 假设Assumptions List 假设清单Assurance 保证Assurance Program见Quality Assurance Program.ATP见Acceptance Test ProcedureAttitude 态度Attribute 属性Attrition 损耗Audit 审核审计Authoritarian 独裁的Authoritative 权威的Authority 权威权力Authority for Expenditure ("AFE") 开支权Authorization 授权见ApprovalAuthorize 批准Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作Authorized Work 批准的工作Authorized Works 批准的工作Automated Data Processing ("ADP") 自动化数据处理Automatic Decision Event 自动决策事件Automatic Generation 自动生成Automatic Test Equipment 自动测试设备AUW见Authorized Unpriced WorkAuxiliary Ground Equipment 辅助场地设备Availability 可用性Average Outgoing Quality ("AOQ") 平均出厂质量Average Outgoing Quality Limit ("AOQL") 平均出厂质量限度Average Sample Size Curve 平均样本规模曲线Avoidance 避免Award 授予Award Fee 奖金Award Letter 中标函[编辑]BBAC 完工预算Budget at CompletionBaseline at CompletionBack Charge 逆向计费Backcharge 逆向收费Backward Pass 倒推法/反向计算Bad Debts 坏帐Balance 余额权衡Balanced Matrix 平衡矩阵Balanced Scorecard 平衡记分卡Balanced Scorecard Approach ("BSA") 平衡记分卡方法Bank 储备Banking 储备Bar Chart 横道图Bargaining 讨价还价交涉Bargaining Power 讨价还价权力交涉权力Barriers 障碍Base 基础基数Baseline 基线基准Baseline at Completion ("BAC") 完成/完工基线Baseline Concept 基线概念Baseline Control 基线控制Baseline Cost 基线成本Baseline Dates 基线日期Baseline Finish Date 基线完成日期Baseline Management 基线管理Baseline Plan 基线计划基准计划Baseline Review 基线评审Baseline Schedule 基线进度计划Baseline Start Date 基线开始日期Baseline, budget 基线预算Baseline, business 基线商业Baseline, cost estimate 基线费用估算Baseline, technical 基线技术Basis of Estimate 估算根据Batch 批量Batch Operation 批运行/批处理BATNABest Alternative to Negotiated AgreementBCMBusiness Change ManagerBCWPBudgeted Cost of Work PerformedBCWSBudgeted Cost of Work ScheduledBECElapsed CostBehavior 行为/反应Behavior Analysis 行为分析Benchmark 基准Benchmarking 标竿管理Beneficial Occupancy/Use 有益的占用/使用Benefits 效益Benefits Framework 效益框架Benefits Management 效益管理Benefits Management Plan 效益管理计划Benefits Management Regime 效益管理制度Benefits Profiles 效益简述Benefits Realization Phase 效益实现阶段Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement ("BATNA") 协议外最佳方案BATNABest and Final Contract Offer 最佳及最终合同报价Best and Final Offer 最佳及最终报价Best Efforts Contract 最大努力合同Best Practices 最佳实践Best value 最佳值Beta Distribution 贝塔发布Beta Test 贝塔测试Beta testing 贝塔测试Bid 投标Bid Analysis 投标分析Bid Bond 投标保证金Bid Cost Considerations 投标成本补偿费Bid document．nbspPreparation 招标文件准备Bid document．招标文件Bid Evaluation 评标Bid List 投标人清单Bid Package 标段标块Bid Protests 投标抗议/拒付Bid Qualifications 投标资质Bid Response 投标响应Bid Technical Consideration 投标技术因素Bid Time Consideration 投标中的时间因素Bid/No Bid Decision 投标/不投标决策Bidder 投标人Bidders Conference 投标人会议Bidders List 投标人名单Bidders Source Selection 投标人来源选择Bidding 投标Bidding Strategy 投标策略Bill 帐单Bill of Materials 材料清单Bills of Materials 材料清单Blanket Purchase Agreement ("BPA") 一揽子采购协议Blueprint 蓝图/计划设计图Board 委员会Boiler Plate 样板文件Bona Fide 真诚真实Bond 担保Bonus 奖金Bonus Schemes 奖励计划Booking Rates 预提费率BOOTBuild, Own, Operate, TransferBottom Up Cost Estimate 自下而上成本估算Bottom Up Cost Estimating 自下而上成本估算Bottom Up Estimating 自下而上估算Boundary 边界BPABlanket Purchase AgreementBPRBusiness Process ReengineeringBrainstorming 头脑风暴法Branching Logic 分支逻辑关系Breach of Contract 违约Breadboarding 实验模型Break Even 盈亏平衡Breakdown 分解Breakdown Structure 分解结构Break-Even Chart 盈亏平衡图Break-Even Charts 盈亏平衡图Break-Even Point 盈亏平衡点Bribe 贿赂BSABalanced Scorecard ApproachBuck Passing 完全通过/推卸责任Budget 预算Budget at Completion ("BAC") 完工预算BACBudget Cost 预算成本Budget Costs 预算成本预算费用Budget Decrement 预算消耗Budget Element 预算要素Budget Estimate 预算估算Budget Presentation 预算介绍Budget Revision 预算修订Budget Unit 预算单位Budgetary Control 预算性控制Budgeted 已安排预算的Budgeted Cost of Work Performed ("BCWP") 已完工作预算成本BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled ("BCWS") 计划工作的预算成本Budgeting 制定预算Budgeting & Cost Management 预算制定与成本管理Build 建设构造Build, Own, Operate, Transfer ("BOOT") 建造拥有经营转让Buildability 建造能力Building 建筑物Building Professionalism 建设专业化Build-to document．tion 建成文档Built-in Test Equipment 内置测试设备Bulk Material 大宗材料Burden 间接费用负担Burden of Proof 举证费Bureaucracy 官僚制度Burn Rate 消耗速度Burst Node 分支点Business Actor 业务参与者/角色Business Appraisal 商业评估Business Area 业务领域Business Assurance 商业保证Business Assurance Coordinator 商业保证协调人Business Case 商业案例Business Change Manager ("BCM") 商业变更经理BCM Business Creation 商业创新Business Engineering 商业工程Business Imperative 商业需要Business Improvement 业务改进Business Manager 商务经理商业经理Business Modeling 业务建模Business Needs 商业需求Business Objectives 商业目标Business Operations 业务运作Business Process 业务流程Business Process Engineering 业务流程工程Business Process Reengineering ("BPR") 业务流程重组Business Processes 业务流程Business Risk 商业风险Business Rule 商业规则Business Transition Plan 业务转换计划Business Unit 业务单位Buyer 买方Buyer's Market 买方市场Buy-In 支持认同买进Bypassing 回避[编辑]CC/SCSCCost/Schedule Control System CriteriaC/SSRCost/Schedule Status ReportCAControl AccountCADComputer Aided DraftingComputer Aided DesignCalculate Schedule 估算进度安排Calculation 计算Calendar 日历Calendar File 日历文件Calendar Range 日历范围Calendar Start Date 日历开始日期Calendar Unit 日历单位Calendar, Software 日历软件Calendars 日历集Calibration 校准CAMCost Account ManagerComputer Aided ManufacturingControl Account ManagerCAPCost Account PlanControl Account PlanCapability 能力Capability Survey 能力调查Capital 资本Capital Appropriation 资本划拨Capital Asset 资本资产Capital Cost 资本成本Capital Employed 占用的资本Capital Expansion Projects 资本扩展项目Capital Goods Project 资本货物项目Capital Property 资本财产CARCapital Appropriation RequestCards-on-the-wall Planning 墙卡规划法Career 职业Career Path Planning 职业路线规划Career Planning 职业规划Career Path Planning.Carryover Type 1 结转类型1Carryover Type 2 结转类型2Cascade Chart 层叠图CASEComputer Aided Software Engineering Computer Aided System EngineeringCash 现金Cash Flow 现金流Cash Flow Analysis 现金流分析Cash Flow Management 现金流管理Cash Flow, Net 现金流净值Cash In 现金流入Cash Out 现金支出Catalyst 催化者Catch-up Alternatives 赶上计划的备选方案Causation 起因Cause 动因CBDComponent-Based DevelopmentCBSCost Breakdown StructureCCBChange Control BoardCCDRContractor Cost Data ReportCDRCritical Design ReviewCentral Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理单元Centralized 集中的Certain 确定的Certainty.Certainty 确定性Certificate of Conformance 一致性认证Certification 认证Chain 链Challenge 挑战Champion 推动者支持者Change 变更变化变革Change Control 变更控制Change Control Board (CCB) 变更管理委员会Change document．tion 变更文档Change in Scope 工作范围变化Change Log 变更日志Change Management 变更管理Change Management Plan 变更管理计划Change Notice 变更通知Change Order 变更通知单Changed Conditions 变更的条款Characteristic 特性Chart 图表Chart of Accounts 会计科目表Chart Room 图表室Charter 章程Checking 检查Checklist 检查清单Checkpoint 检查点Checkpoints 检查点集Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官Child 子项Child Activity 子活动CIConfiguration ItemClaim 索赔Clarification 澄清Class 类Classes 类Classification 分类Classification of Defects 缺陷的分类Clearance Number 净空数Client 客户Client Environment 客户环境Client Quality Services 客户质量服务Closed Projects 已收尾的项目Closeout 收尾Closeout Report 收尾报告Closeout, phase 收尾阶段Closing 终止Closure 收尾CMConfiguration Management Construction ManagementCoaching 教练Code 代码Code and Unit Test 编码和单元测试Code of Accounts 帐目编码Coding 编码Collaboration 协作Collapsing 折叠Collective 集体的Combative 好战的Commercial 商务的Commercial Item Description 商务描述Commission and Handover 委托和移交Commissioning 试运行Commissions and Bonuses 酬金和奖金Commit 提交Commitment 承诺义务Commitment document．nbsp 承诺文件Commitment EstimateCommitment Package 承诺包Commitment to Objectives 对目标的承诺Committed Cost 已承担成本已承付成本Committed Costs 已承诺费用Common Carrier 公众运营商Communicating With Groups 与团队的沟通Communicating With Individuals 与个人的沟通Communication 沟通Communication Channels 沟通渠道Communication Plan, Strategic 沟通计划策略性的Communication Plan, Tactical 沟通计划--战术性的Communication Room 交流室Communications Management 沟通管理Communications Plan 沟通计划Communications Planning 沟通规划编制Community 社团Company 公司Comparison 对比Compatibility 兼容性Compensation 补偿Compensation and Evaluation 补偿和评价Competence 能力Competency 能力Competition 竞争Competitive:竞争的Compile 编译Compile Time 编译时Complete 完成Completed Activity 已完成的活动Completed Units 完工单元Completion 完工Completion Date 完成日期Complex 复杂的Component 构件组件Component Integration and Test 组件集成和测试Component-Based Development ("CBD") 基于构件的开发Components 组件Compound Risk 复合风险Compromise 折衷Compromising, in negotiating 折衷谈判Computer 计算机Computer Aided Design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) 计算机辅助制图Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 计算机辅助制造Computer Cost Applications 计算机化的成本管理应用Computer Hardware 计算机硬件Computer Modeling 计算机建模Computer Program Configuration Item 计算机程序配置项Computer Software 计算机软件Computer Software Component 计算机软件组件Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI) 计算机软件配置项Computer Software document．tion 计算机软件文档Computer Software Unit 计算机软件单元Computer-Aided 计算机辅助的Computerized Information Storage, Reference and Retrieval 计算机化的信息存储定位和检索Concept 概念Concept Definition document．概念定义文档Concept Phase 概念阶段Concept Study 概念研究Conception Phase 概念形成阶段Conceptual 概念性的Conceptual Budgeting 概念性预算Conceptual Design 概念性设计Conceptual Development 概念性开发Conceptual Project Planning 概念性项目计划Concession 让步Concession Making, in negotiating 谈判中的让步Conciliatory 调和的Concluding 终决的Conclusions 结论Concurrency 并发性Concurrent 并发事件Concurrent Delays 并行延迟Concurrent Engineering 并行工程Concurrent Tasks 并行任务Conditional Risk 条件风险Conditions 条件条款Conducting 执行Confidence Level 信心等级Configuration 配置Configuration Audit 配置审核Configuration Breakdown 配置分解Configuration Control 配置控制Configuration Control Board 配置控制委员会Configuration Identification 配置识别Configuration Item Acceptance Review 配置项验收评审Configuration Item Verification 配置项验证Configuration Item Verification Procedures 配置项验证程序Configuration Management 配置管理Configuration Management Board 配置管理委员会Configuration Relationships 配置关系Configuration Status Accounting 配置状态统计Conflict 冲突Conflict Management 冲突管理Conflict Resolution 冲突解决方案Conformance to Requirements 与需求的一致性Confrontation 积极面对Consensus 一致同意Consensus Decision Process 集体决策过程Consent 同意Consequences 后果Consideration 对价Considerations 对价需要考虑的事项Consolidate 合并Consortium 联盟Constituents 涉众Constraint 约束条件Constraint, project constraint 约束条件对项目的约束Constraints 约束条件Constructability 施工能力Construction 施工构造建造建筑Construction Contractor 施工承包商Construction Cost 施工成本Construction Management ("CM") 施工管理Construction Manager 施工经理Construction Stage 施工阶段Construction Work 施工工作Construction-Oriented 以施工为导向的Constructive Challenge 建设性质询Constructive Change 建设性变更Consultant 咨询顾问Consulting 咨询Consumable Resource 可消耗资源Consumables 消费性物资Contemplated Change Notice 预期变更通知Contending, in negotiating 争论在谈判中Content 内容Content Type 内容类型Context 背景Contingencies 不可预见费应急费用Contingency 不可预见费应急费用Contingency Allowance 应急补助Contingency Budget Procedure 不可预见费用预算程序Contingency Plan 意外事件计划Contract Package 合同包Contract Performance Control 合同履行控制Contract Plan 合同计划Contract Pre-award Meetings 合同预授予会议Contract Quality Requirements 合同质量要求Contract Requirements 合同要求Contract Risk 合同风险Contract Risk Analysis 合同风险分析Contract Signing 合同签署Contract Strategy 合同战略Contract Target Cost (CTC) 合同目标成本Contract Target Price (CTP) 合同目标价格Contract Type 合同分类Contract Types 合同类型Contract Work Breakdown Structure (CWBS) 合同工作分解结构Contract/Procurement Management 合同/采购管理Contracting 签订合同Contractor 承包商Contractor Claims Release 承包商索赔豁免Contractor Cost Data Report (CCDR) 承包商成本数据报告Contractor Evaluation 承包商评估Contractor Furnished Equipment 承包商供应的设备Contractor Project Office 承包商项目办公室Contractor Short Listing 承包商短列表Contractor's Performance Evaluation 承包商的绩效评价Contractual 合同的Contractual Conditions 合同条款Contractual/Legal Requirements 合同的/法律上的要求Contributed value 贡献价值Contribution Analysis 贡献分析Control 控制Control Account (CA) 控制帐目Control Account Manager (CAM) 控制帐目经理Control Account Plan (CAP) 控制帐目计划Control and Coordination 控制和协调Control Chart 控制表Control Cycle 控制周期Control Gate 控制关口控制关卡Control Loop 控制回路Control Point 控制点Control Requirements 控制必要条件要求Control System 控制系统Control Theory 控制论Controllable Risks 可控风险Controlling 控制参看Project ControlControlling Relationship 控制关系Coordinated Matrix 协调型的矩阵Coordination 协调Coordinator 协调员Corporate 公司Corporate Administration and Finance 公司行政和财务Corporate Budget. 公司预算Corporate Business Life Cycle 公司商务生命周期Corporate Constraints 公司限制因素Corporate Data Bank 公司数据库Corporate Management 公司管理Corporate Memory 公司记忆库Corporate Philosophy 公司价值体系, 公司哲学Corporate Planning 公司计划编制Corporate Project Management 公司项目管理Corporate Project Strategy 公司项目战略Corporate Quality Standards 公司质量标准Corporate Resources 公司资源Corporate Responsibility Matrix 公司责任矩阵Corporate Standards 公司标准Corporate Supervision 公司监管Corporation 公司Correction 纠正Corrective Action 纠正措施Correlation 相关性Cost 成本Cost Account 成本帐目Cost Account Breakdown 成本帐目分解Cost Account Manager (CAM) 成本帐目经理Cost Account Plan (CAP) 成本帐目计划Cost Accumulation Methods 成本累加方法Cost Analysis 成本分析Cost Applications 成本应用Cost Avoidance 成本规避Cost Baseline 成本基线Cost Benefit 成本效益Cost Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构Cost Budgeting 成本预算Cost Ceiling 封顶成本成本上限Cost Ceiling Bracket 成本上限范围Cost Check 成本检查Cost Classes 成本类别Cost Code 成本代码Cost Codes 成本代码Cost Control 成本控制Cost Control Point 成本控制点Cost Control System 成本控制系统Cost Curve 成本曲线Cost Distribution 成本分摊Cost Effective 成本效率成本有效的Cost Element 成本元素Cost Engineering 成本工程Cost Envelope 成本区域Cost Estimate 成本估算Cost Estimate Classification System 成本估算分类系统Cost Estimating 成本估算Cost Estimating Relationship 成本估算关系Cost Forecast 成本预测Cost Forecasting 成本预测Cost Growth 成本增长Cost Incurred 已发生成本Cost Index 成本指数Cost Indices 成本指数表Cost Input 成本投入Cost Management 成本管理Cost Model 成本模型Cost of Money 资金成本Cost of Quality 质量成本Cost Overrun 成本超支Cost Performance Baseline 成本绩效基线Cost Performance Index (CPI) 成本绩效指数Cost Performance Indicator (CPI) 成本绩效指数Cost Performance Measurement Baseline 成本绩效度量基线Cost Performance Ratio (CPR) 成本绩效比率Cost Performance Report (CPR) 成本绩效报告Cost Plan 成本计划Cost Plus 成本补偿Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract ("CPFF") 成本加固定费用合同Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract ("CPIFC") 成本加奖励费用合同Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract ("CPPC") 成本加成本百分比合同Cost Reimbursable Contract 成本补偿合同费用可偿还合同Cost Reimbursement 成本补偿Cost Reimbursement Type Contracts 成本补偿型合同Cost Reviews 成本评审Cost Sharing Contract 成本共享合同Cost Status 成本状态Cost to Complete 竣工尚需成本Cost to Complete Forecast 竣工所需成本预测Cost Types 成本类型Cost Variance ("CV") 成本偏差Cost/Schedule Status Report ("C/SSR") 成本/进度状态报告Cost-Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析Costed Work Breakdown Structure 带成本信息的工作分解结构Cost-Effectiveness 成本效果分析法Costing 成本核算Costing Systems 成本核算系统Cost-Time Resource Sheet (CTR) 成本时间资源表Counseling 指导Countermeasures 对策CPFFCCost Plus Fixed Fee ContractCPICost Performance IndexCost Performance IndicatorCPIF 成本加奖励费用合同Cost Plus Incentive Fee ContractCPIFCCost Plus Incentive Fee ContractCPMCritical Path MethodCPNCritical Path NetworkCPPCCost Plus Percentage of Cost ContractCPRCost Performance RatioCost Performance ReportCPUCentral Processing UnitCRChange RequestCraft 技艺Crash Costs 赶工成本Crash Duration 赶工工期Crashing 赶工Creativity 创造力Credit 赊欠信誉Credited Resource 已授予的资源Crisis 危机Criteria 标准指标Criterion 标准指标Critical 关键的Critical Activity 关键活动Critical Chain 关键链Critical Defect 关键性缺陷Critical Defective 有关键缺陷的产品Critical Design Review 关键设计评审Critical Event 关键事件Critical Factors 关键因素Critical Path 关键路径Critical Path Analysis 关键路径分析Critical Path Method (CPM) 关键路径法Critical Path Network (CPN) 关键路径网络图Critical Performance Indicator 关键绩效指标Critical Ratio 临界比关键比率Critical Sequence 关键工序Critical Sequence Analysis 关键工序分析Critical Subcontractor 关键分包商Critical Success Factors (CSF) 关键的成功因素Critical Task 关键任务Critical Work Item 关键工作项Criticality Index 关键指数Cross Organizational 交叉型组织跨组织的Cross References 交叉参照Cross-Stage Plan 交叉阶段计划CSCIComputer Software Configuration ItemCSFCritical Success FactorsCTCContract Target CostCTPContract Target PriceCTRCost-Time Resource SheetCulture 文化Culture, organizational 文化组织文化Cumulative Cost-to-Date 到目前为止的累计成本Cumulative S Curve 累计S 曲线Currency Conversion 货币兑换Current Budget 当前预算Current Date Line 当前日期线Current Finish Date 当前完成日期Current FY Budget Allocation 当前财政年的预算分配Current Start Date 当前开始日期Current Status 当前状态Current Year 当年Custom Duty and Tax 海关关税Customer 客户Customer Acceptance Criteria 客户验收标准Customer Furnished Equipment 客户提供的设备Customer Perspective 客户观点Customer/Client Personnel 客户方的职员Cutoff Date 移交日期Cutover 移交CVCost VarianceCWBSContract Work Breakdown StructureCybernetics 控制论Cycle 周期Cycle Time 周期[编辑]DDamages 损害赔偿金Dangle 悬空活动Data 数据Data Application 数据应用Data Collection 数据收集Data Date ("DD") 数据日期Data Entry Clerk 数据录入员Data Item Description ("DID") 工作项描述Data Processing 数据处理Data Refinements 数据改进Data Type 数据类型Data Structure Organization 数据结构组织Database 数据库Database Administrator ("DBA") 数据库管理员Database Management System ("DBMS") 数据库管理系统Date of Acceptance 验收日期Day Work Account 日常工作帐户DBA”Database Administrator"DBM”Dynamic Baseline Model"DBMS”Database Management System"DCE”Distributed Computing Environment"DCF”Discounted Cash Flow"DD”Data Date"Deactivation Plan 惰性化计划Deactivation Procedures 惰性化流程Debriefing 投标反馈听取情况汇报情况Decentralized 分散的Decision 决策Decision document．tion 决策文档Decision Event 决策事件Decision Making 制定决策Decision Making Process 决策过程Decision Support System 决策支持系统Decision Theory 决策论Decision Tree 决策树Decision Trees 决策树组Decomposing 分解Decomposition 分解Default 违约Default values 默认值Defect 缺陷Defective 缺陷产品Defects-Per-Hundred-Units 每百个单元有缺陷的数量Deficiency 缺陷Deficiency List 缺陷清单Definition 定义Definition Phase 定义阶段Definitive 确定性的Definitive Estimate 确定性估算Deflection 风险转移Degradation 降级Delay 延期Delay, compensable 补偿性延期Delaying Resource 资源延期Delegating 授权Delegation 授权Deliberate Decision Event 预先准备的决策事件Deliverable 可交付成果,可交付物Deliverable Breakdown Structure 可交付物分解结构Deliverable Deadline 可交付物的终止期限Deliverables 可交付成果可交付物Deliverables Management 交付物管理Delivery 交付Delphi Technique 德尔菲法Demonstrate 演示证明Demonstrated 已证明的Demonstrated Past Experience 已证明的过去经验Demonstration 演示Demonstration Review 演示评审Department 部门Departmental Budget 部门预算Dependability 可靠性Dependencies 依赖关系Dependency 活动之间的依赖关系Dependency Arrow 关系箭线Dependency Diagram 网络图前导网络图Dependency Links 依赖关系Dependency Management 依赖关系管理Deployment 部署Deployment Lessons Learned document．nbsp 部署的经验教训文档Deployment Plan 部署计划Deployment Procedures 部署流程Deployment Readiness Review 部署准备评审Deployment View 部署视图Depreciation 折旧Descriptive 描述性的Design 设计Design & Development Phase 设计和开发阶段Design Alternatives 设计备选方案Design Appraisal 设计评估Design Authority 设计权威Design Baseline 基准设计Design Bid Build 设计阶段投标的建立Design Brief 设计大纲Design Build 设计的建立包括设计和构造Design Concept 设计概念Design Contingency 设计应急费用Design Contract 设计合同Design Control 设计控制Design Development 设计开发Design Management 设计管理Design Management Plan 设计管理计划Design Model 设计模型Design of Experiment 试验设计Design Package 设计包Design Review 设计评审Design Subsystem 设计子系统Design Time 设计时间Design to Budget 按预算设计Design to Cost 按成本设计Design-to Specifications 按规范设计Desirable Logic 合意逻辑Detail document．tion 详细的文档Detail Schedule 详细的进度安排Detailed Design 详细设计Detailed Design Stage 详细设计阶段Detailed Engineering 详细工程Detailed Planning 详细计划Detailed Plans 详细的计划Detailed Resource Plan 详细的资源计划Detailed Schedule 详细的进度安排Detailed Technical Plan 详细的技术计划Determination 决定决心Determine Least Cost for Maximum Results 确定可以获得最大收获的最小成本Deterministic 确定性的Deterministic Network 确定的网络图Developed Country 发达国家Developer 开发人员Developing Country 发展中国家Development 开发Development case 开发案例Development Phase 开发阶段Development Plan 开发计划Development process 开发过程Deviation 偏差Deviation Permit 允许偏差Diagram 图DID”Data Item Description"Differences 偏差差异Differentials 差值Differing Site Conditions 不同的现场环境Direct Cost 直接成本Direct Cost Contingency 直接成本应急费用Direct Costs 直接成本Direct Labor 直接人工Direct Project Costs 直接项目成本费用Directing 指挥Direction 指导Directive 指示Director 主管总监Discipline 学科Discipline Maintenance 规矩的维护Discontinuous Activity 非连续的活动Discontinuous Processing 非连续的过程Discount Rate 贴现率折现率Discounted Cash Flow ("DCF") 折现现金流Discounting 折现Discrete Effort 离散工作Discrete Milestone 离散里程碑Discrete Task 离散任务Discrimination 歧视Discussion 讨论Display 显示Disposal of Materials 材料处置Dispute 辩论Disruption 破坏Disruptive 破坏性的Dissemination 分发Distinguishing Constraint 区分性的约束Distributed 分布式的Distributed Computing Environment ("DCE") 分布式计算环境Distributed Processing 分布式处理Distribution List 分发清单Distribution of Minutes 分发会议纪要Distribution, of information 信息分发Diversity 多样化Document 文档Document Control 文档控制Document Management 文档管理documentary 记录片Documentation 文档Documentation Change Notice 文档变更通知Documentation Requirements Description ("DRD") 文档要求说明书Dog and Pony Show 盛大演示Domain 域DRDDUDurationDual Concern Model 双重利益模型Dual Responsibility 双重负责Dummy 虚活动Dummy Activity 虚活动Duration 工期持续时间Duration Calculation 工期计算Duration Compression 工期压缩Duty and Tax Administration 税务和税收管理Dynamic Baseline Model? ("DBM") 动态基线模型。

管理学专业术语(中英文对照)

1.管理与组织导论管理者:(manager)基层管理者:(first-line managers)中层管理者:(middle managers)高层管理者:(top managers)管理:(management)效率:(efficiency)效果:(effectiveness)计划:(planning)组织:(organizing)领导:(leading)控制:(controlling)管理角色:(management roles)人际关系角色:(interpersonal roles)信息传递角色:(informational roles)决策制定角色:(descisional roles)技术技能:(technical skills)人际技能:(human skills)概念技能:(conceptual skills)管理的普遍性:(universality of management)2.管理的历史劳动分工:(division of labor)工作专业化:(job specialization)工业革命:(industrific revolution)科学管理:(scientific management)一般行政管理理论:(general administrative theory) 管理原则:(principles of management)官僚行政组织:(bureaucracy)定量方法:(quantitative approach)组织行为:(organizational behavior)霍桑研究系统:(Hawthorne studies systems)封闭系统:(closed systems)开放系统:(open systems)权变理论:(contingency approach)劳动力多元化:(workforce diversity)电子企业:(e-business)电子商务:(e-commerce)内部网:(intranet)学习型组织:(learning organization)知识管理:(knowledge management)质量管理:(quality management)3.组织文化与环境管理万能论:(omnipotent view of management) 管理象征论:(symbolil view of management)组织文化:(organization culture)强文化:(strong cultures)社会化:(socialization)工作场所精神境界:(workplace spirituality)外部环境:(external environment)具体环境:(specific environment)一般环境:(general environment)环境的不确定性:(environment uncertainty)环境的复杂性:(environment complexity)利益相关群体:(stakholders)4.全球环境中的管理狭隘主义:(parochialism)民族中心论:(ethnocentric attitude)多国中心论:(polycentric attitude)全球中心论:(geocentric attitude)跨国公司:(multinational corporation)多国公司:(multidomestic corporation)全球公司:(global company)跨国或无边界组织:(transnational or boredrless organization) 初始全球化组织:(born globals)全球外购:(global sourcing)出口:(exporting)进口:(importing)许可证经营:(licensing)许可经营:(franchising)战略同盟:(strategic alliance)合资企业:(joint venture)外国子公司:(foreign subsidiary)市场经济:(market economy)计划经济:(command economy)民族文化:(national culture)5.社会责任与管理道德古典观点:(classical view)社会经济学观点:(socioeconomic view)社会义务:(social obligation)社会响应:(social responsiveness)社会责任:(social responsinility)社会屏障筛选:(social screening)管理的绿色化:(gerrning of management)以价值观为基础的管理:(values-based management) 道德:(ethics)自我强度控制点:(ego strength locus of control)道德准则:(code of ethics)社会企业家:(social entrepreneur)社会影响管理:(social impact management)6.制定决策决策:(decisions)决策制定过程:(decision-making process)决策标准问题:(decision criteria problem)理性的:(rational)有限理性:(bounded rationality)满意的承诺升级:(satisfied escalation of commitment) 直觉决策:(intuitive decision making)结构良好问题:(structured problems)程序化决策:(programmed decision)程序:(procedure)规则:(rule)政策:(policy)结构不良问题:(unstructured problems)非程序化决策:(nonprogrammed decisions) 确定性:(certainty)风险性:(risk)命令型风格:(directive style)分析型风格:(analytic style)概念型风格:(conceptual style)行为型风格:(behavioral style)启发法:(heuristics)7.计划的基础陈述目标:(stated goals)真实目标:(real goals)战略计划:(strategic plans)运营计划:(operational plans)长期计划:(long-term plans)短期计划:(short-term plans)具体计划:(specific plans)方向性计划:(directional plans)一次性计划:(single-used plans)持续性计划:(standing plans)传统目标:(traditional goal setting)手段-目标链:(means-ends chain)目标管理:(management by objectives)使命:(mission)承诺概念:(commitment concept)正式计划部门:(formal planning department) 8.战略管理战略管理:(strategic management)组织战略商业模式:(strategies business model ) 战略管理过程:(strategic management process) 机会:(opportunities)威胁:(threats)资源:(resources)能力:(capabilities)核心竞争力:(core competencies)SWOT分析法:(SWOT analysis)公司层战略:(corporate strategy)增长战略:(growth strategy)相关多元化:(related diversification)非相关多元化:(unrelated diversification) 稳定性战略:(stability strategy)更新战略:(renewal strategies)紧缩战略:(retrenchment strategy)扭转战略:(turnaround strategy)BCG矩阵:(BCG matrix)业务层战略:(business strategy)战略业务单元:(strategic business units) 竞争优势:(competitive advantage)成本领先战略:(cost leadership strategy) 遵循差异化战略:(differentiation strategy) 聚焦战略:(focus strategy)徘徊其间:(stuck in the middle)战略灵活性:(strategic flexibility)市场先入者:(first mover)9.计划的工具技术环境扫描:(environment scanning)竞争对手情报:(competitor intelligence) 预测:(forecasts)定量预测:(quantitative forecasting)定性预测:(qualitative forecasting)标杆比较:(benchmarking)资源:(resources)预算:(budget)甘特图:(Gantt chart)负荷图:(load chart)事件:(events)计划评审技术:(the program evaluation and review technique) 活动:(activities)松弛时间:(slack time)关键路径:(critical path)盈亏平衡分析:(breakeven analysis)线性规划:(linear programming)项目管理:(project management)脚本:(scenario)10.组织结构与设计组织结构设计:(organazational structure design)工作专门化:(work specialization)职能部门化:(functional departmentalization)产品部门化:(product departmentalization)地区部门化:(geographical departmentalization) 过程部门化:(process departmentalization)顾客部门化:(customer departmentalization)跨职能团队:(cross-functional teams)指挥链:(chain of command)职权:(authority)职责:(responsibility)统一指挥:(unity of command)管理跨度:(span of control)集权化:(centralization)分权化:(decentralization)员工授权:(employee empowerment)正规化:(formalization)机械式组织:(mechanistic organization)有机式组织:(organic organization)单件生产:(unit production)大批量生产:(mass production)连续生产:(process production)简单结构:(simple structure)职能型结构:(flanctional structure)事业部型结构:(divisional structure)团队结构:(team structure)矩阵型结构:(matrix structure)项目型结构:(project structure)无边界组织:(boundaryless organization) 虚拟组织:(virtual organization)学习型组织:(learning organization)组织结构图:(organizational charts) 11.沟通与信息技术沟通:(communication)人际沟通:(interpersonal communication) 组织沟通:(organizational communication) 信息:(message)编码:(encoding)解码:(decoding)沟通过程:(communication process)噪声:(noise)非语言沟通:(nonverbal communication) 体态语言:(body language)语调:(verbal intonation)过滤:(filtering)信息超载:(information overload)积极倾听:(active listening)正式沟通:(formal communication)非正式沟通:(informal communication)下行沟通:(upward communication)横向沟通:(lateral communication)斜向沟通:(diagonal communication)沟通网络:( communication networks)小道消息:(grape-vine)电子邮件:(e-mail)即时消息:(instant messaging)音频邮件:(voice-mail)电子数据交换:(electrinic data interchange) 电话会议:(teleconferencing)可视会议:(videoconferencing)网络会议:(webconferencing)内部互联网:(intranet)外部互联网:(Extranet)实践社区:(communities practive)12.人力资源管理高绩效工作实务:(high-performance work practices)人力资源管理过程:(human resource management process) 工会(labor union)反优先雇佣行动计划:(affirmative action)人力资源规划:(human resource planning)职务分析:(job analysis)职务说明书:(job description)职务规范:(job specification)招聘:(recruitment)解聘:(decriuitment)甄选:(selection)效度:(validity)信度:(reliability)工作抽样:(work samping)评估中心:(assessment centers)真实工作预览:(relistic job preview)上岗培训:(orientation)绩效管理系统:(performance management system)书面描述法:(written essay)关键事件法:(critical incidents)评分表法:(graphic rating scales)行为定位评分法:(behaviorally anchored rating scales) 多人比较法:(multiperson comparisons)360度反馈法:(360-degree feedback)基于技能薪酬:(skill-based pay)浮动工资:(variable pay)精简机构:(downsizing)性骚扰:(sexual harassment)基于家庭的福利:(family-friendly benefits)13.变革与创新管理组织变革:(organizational change)变革推动者:(change agent)组织发展:(organizational development)压力:(stress)14.行为的基础行为:(behavior)组织行为学:(organizational behavior)员工生产率:(employee productivity)离职率:(turnover)组织公民行为:(organizational citizen behavior)工作满意度:(job satisfaction)工作场所不当行为态度:(workplace misbehavior attitudes) 认知行为:(cognitive component)情感成分:(affective component)行为成分:(behavior component)组织承诺:(organizational commitment)组织支持感:(perceived organizational support)认知失调:(cognitive dissonance)态度调查:(attitude surveys)人格:(personality)马基雅维里主义:(machiavellianism)自尊:(self-esteem)自我控制:(self-monitoring)印象管理:(impression management)情绪:(emotion)情绪智力:(emotional Intelligence)知觉:(perception)归因理论:(attribution theory)基本归因错误:(fundamental attribution error)自我服务偏见:(self-serving bias)假设相似性:(assumed similarity)刻板印象:(stereotyping)晕轮效应:(halo effect)操作性条件反射:(operant conditioning)社会学习理论:(social learning theory)行为塑造:(shaping behavior)15.理解群体与团队群体:(group)形成阶段:(forming)震荡阶段:(storming)规范阶段:(norming)执行阶段:(performing)解体阶段:(adjourning)群体思维:(groupthink)地位:(status)社会惰化:(social loafing)群体内聚力:(group cohesiveness)冲突:(conflict)冲突的传统观点:(traditional view of conflict)冲突的人际关系观点:(human relations view of conflict)冲突的交互作用观点:(interactionist view of conflict) 积极冲突:(functional conflict)消极冲突:(disfunctional conflict)任务冲突:(task conflict)关系冲突:(relationship conflict)过程冲突:(process conflict)工作团队:(workteams)自我管理团队:(self-managed work teams)跨职能团队:(cross-functional team)虚拟团队:(virtual team)社会网络构造:(social network structure)16.激励员工动机:(motivation)需要层次理论:(hierarchy of needs theory)双因素理论:(two-factor theory)保健因素:(hygiene factors)激励因素:(motivators)三种需要理论:(three-needs theory)成就需要:(need for achievement)权力需要:(need for power)归属需要:(need for affiliation)目标设置理论:(goal-setting theory)自我效能感:(self-efficacy)强化理论:(reinforcement theory)强化物:(reinforcer)工作设计:(job design)工作扩大化:(job enlargement)工作丰富化:(job enrichment)工作深度:(job depth)工作特征模型:(job characteristics model) 公平理论:(equity theory)参照对象:(referents)分配公平:(distributive justice)程序公平:(procedural justice)期望理论:(expectancy theory)压缩工作周:(compressed workweek)弹性工作制:(flexible work hours)弹性时间制:(flextime)工作分担:(job sharing)远程办公:(telecommuting)账目公开管理:(open-book management)员工认可方案:(employee recognition programs)绩效工资方案:(pay-for-performance program)股票期权:(stock options)17.领导领导者:(leader)领导:(leadership)行为理论:(behavioral theories)独裁型风格:(authoeratic style)民主型风格:(democratic style)放任型风格:(laissez-faire style)定规维度:(initiating strueture)关怀维度:(consideration)高-高型领导者:(high-high leader)管理方格:(managerial grid)权变模型:(contingency model)最难共事着问卷:(least-preferred co-worker questionnaire) 情境领导理论:(situational leadership theory)成熟度:(readiness)领导者参与模型:(leader participation model)路径-目标理论:(path-goal theory)交易型领导者:(transactional leaders)变革型领导者:(transformational leaders) 领袖魅力型领导者:(charismatic leader) 愿景规划型领导:(visionary leadership) 法定权利:(legitimate power)强制权利:(coercive power)奖赏权力:(reward power)专家权利:(expert power)参照权利:(referent power)信誉:(credibility)信任:(trust)授权:(empowerment)18.控制的基础控制:(controlling)市场控制:(market control)官僚控制:(bureaucratic control)小集团控制:(clan control)控制过程:(control process)偏差范围:(range of variation)直接纠正行动:(immediate corrective)彻底纠正行动:(basic correvtive action)绩效:(performance)组织绩效:(organizational performance)生产率:(productivity)组织有效性:(organizational effectiveness)前馈控制:(feedforward control)同期控制:(concurrent control)走动管理:(management by walking around)反馈控制:(feedback control)经济附加值:(economic value added)市场附加值:(market valueadded)平衡计分卡:(balanced scorecard)管理信息系统:(management information system) 标杆比较:(benchmarking)员工偷窃:(employee theft)服务利润链:(service profit chain)公司治理:(corporate governance)19.运营与价值链管理运营管理:(operations management)制造型组织:(manufacturing organizations)服务型组织:(service organizations)价值链:(value chain)价值链管理:(value chain management) 组织过程:(organizational processes)知识产权:(intellectual processes)质量:(quality)批量定制:(mass customization)。

管理类专业术语英汉对照

管理类专业术语英汉对照管理类专业术语英汉对照目录[隐藏]∙ 1A∙ 2B∙ 3C∙ 4D∙ 5E∙ 6F∙7G∙8H∙9 I∙10 J∙11 K∙12 L∙13 M∙14 N∙15 P∙16 Q∙17 R∙18 S∙19 T∙20 U∙21 V∙22 W∙23 Z[编辑]A∙ access discrimination 进入歧视∙ action research 动作研究∙ adjourning 解散∙ adhocracy 特别结构∙ administrative principle 管理原则∙ artifacts 人工环境∙ artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠∙ avoiding learning 规避性学习∙ ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略[编辑]B∙balance sheet资产负债表∙BCG matrix波士顿咨询集团矩阵∙ bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查∙ bounded rationality 有限理性∙ bureaucracy 官僚机构∙benchmarking标杆瞄准∙ bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法∙ boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用[编辑]C∙ Computer-aided designputer-automatedmanufacturing(CAD/CAM)计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产∙ confrontation 对话∙ consortia 企业联合∙ change agent 变革促进者∙chaos theory混沌理论∙ charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者∙ charity principle 博爱原则∙ coercive power 强制权∙ cohesiveness 凝聚力∙ collaborative management 合作型管理∙ comparable worth 可比较价值∙ competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准∙ confrontation meeting 碰头会∙ constancy of purpose 永久性目标∙contingency approach权变理论∙ corporate social performance 公司社会表现∙ corporate social responsibility 公司社会责任∙ corporate social responsiveness 公司社会反应∙ critical incident 关键事件∙current assets流动资产∙current liabilities流动负债∙ culture strength 文化强度∙ creative department 创造性部门∙ craft technology 技艺性技术∙ contextual dimension 关联性维度∙ continuous process production 连续加工生产∙ collectivity stage 集体化阶段∙ clan control 小团体控制∙ clan culture 小团体文化∙ coalition 联合团体∙ collaborative 协作网络∙ centrality 集中性∙ centraliazation 集权化∙ charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力[编辑]D∙ decentralization 分权∙ democracy management 民主管理∙ departmentalization 部门化∙ differential rate system 差别报酬系统∙ dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法∙ division of labor 劳动分工∙ downward mobility 降职流动∙ dynamic engagement 动态融合∙ dynamic network 动态网络∙ domain 领域∙ direct interlock 直接交叉∙ divisional form 事业部模式∙differentiation strategy差别化战略∙ decision premise 决策前提∙dual-core approach二元核心模式[编辑]E∙ electronic data-processing(EDP) 电子数据处理∙ employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格∙ empowerment 授权∙ encoding 解码∙ end-user computing 终端用户计算系统∙ entrepreneurship 企业家精神∙ equity 净资产∙equity theory公平理论∙ espoused value 信仰价值∙ ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者∙expectancy theory期望理论∙ expense budget 支出预算∙ expense center 费用中心∙external audit外部审计∙ external stakeholders 外部利益相关者∙ extrinsic rewards 外部奖励∙ ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官∙ external adaption 外部适应性∙ elaboration stage 精细阶段∙ entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段∙ escalating commitment 顽固认同[编辑]F∙ family group 家庭集团∙financial statement财务报表∙ flat hierarchies 扁平型结构∙flexible budget弹性预算∙ force-field theory 场力理论∙ formal authority 合法权力∙ formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估∙ franchise 特许经营权∙ formalization stage 规范化阶段∙ functional grouping 职能组合∙ formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道[编辑]G∙game theory博弈论∙ general financial condition 一般财务状况∙ geocentric manager 全球化管理者∙ general manager 总经理∙globalization] 全球化∙ gossip chain 传言链∙ grapevine 传言网∙ global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系∙ general environment 一般环境∙ generalist 全面战略∙ geographic grouping 区域组合∙ global company 全球公司∙ global geographic structure 全球区域结构[编辑]H∙Hawthorne effect霍桑效应∙ heuristic principles 启发性原理∙ hierarchy 科层制度∙ hiring specification 招聘细则∙ horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型∙ hybrid structure 混合结构∙ high tech 高接触∙ high-velocity environments 高倍速环境[编辑]I∙ impoverished management 放任式管理∙income statement损益表∙ information transformation 信息转换∙infrastructure基础设施∙ integrative process 整合过程∙ intelligent enterprises 智力企业∙ internal audit 内部审计∙ internal stakeholder 内部相关者∙ internship 实习∙ intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神∙ intrinsic reward 内在报酬∙ inventory 库存, 存货∙ internal integration 内部整合∙ interorganization relationship 组织间的关系∙ intergroup conflict 团体间冲突∙ interlocking directorate 交叉董事会∙ institutional perspective 机构的观点∙ intuitive decision making 直觉决策∙ idea champion 构思倡导者∙ incremental change 渐进式变革∙ informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构∙ informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价[编辑]J∙ job description 职务描述∙ job design 职务设计∙ job enlargement 职务扩大化∙ job enrichment 职务丰富化∙ job rotation 职务轮换∙ job specialization 职务专业化[编辑]K∙ key performance areas 关键业务区∙ key result areas 关键绩效区[编辑]L∙ labor productivity index 劳动生产力指数∙ laissez management 自由化管理∙ large batch production大批量生产∙lateral communication横向沟通∙ leadership style 领导风格∙ least preferred co-worker(LPC) 最不喜欢的同事∙ legitimate power 合法权力∙ liability 负债∙ liaison 联络者∙ line authority 直线职权∙ liquidity 流动性∙ liaison role 联络员角色∙ long-linked technology 纵向关联技术∙ losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失∙ low-cost leadership 低成本领先[编辑]M∙management by objective目标管理∙ Managerial Grid 管理方格∙ matrix bosses 矩阵主管∙ management champion 管理倡导者∙materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划∙Mslow's hierarchy of needs马斯洛需求层次论∙ marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观∙ multiculturalism 文化多元主义∙ multidivisional firm 多部门公司∙ moral rules 道德准则∙management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理∙ matrix structure 矩阵结构∙multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司∙ moral relativism 道德相对主义∙ mechanistic system 机械式组织∙ middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理∙ meso theory 常态理论∙ multidomestic strategy 多国化战略∙ mediating technology 调停技术[编辑]N∙ na?ve relativism 朴素相对主义∙ need-achievement 成就需要∙ norming 规范化∙ norms 规范∙nonprogrammed decisions非程序化决策∙ nonsubstitutability 非替代性∙ nonroutine technology 非例行技术∙ niche 领地∙ off-the-job training 脱产培训∙ on-the-job training 在职培训∙operational budget运营预算∙ order backlog 订单储备∙ organic system 有机系统∙ organizational development(OD) 组织发展∙ orientation 定位∙ outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性∙ outplacement services 外延服务∙ organization ecosystem 组织生态系统[编辑]P∙ paradox of authority 权威的矛盾∙ paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾∙ paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾∙ paradox of identify 身份的矛盾∙ paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾∙ paradox of regression 回归的矛盾∙ partial productivity 部分生产率∙ participative management 参与式管理∙path-goal model路径目标模型∙ peer recruiter 同级招聘∙ political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会∙ polycentric manager 多中心管理者∙ portfolio framework 业务组合框架∙ portfolio investment 资产组合投资∙ positive reinforcement 正强化∙ production flexibility 生产柔性∙profitability收益率∙programmed decisions程序化决策∙ psychoanalytic view 精神分析法∙ paradigm 范式∙ personal ratios 人员比例∙ pooled dependence 集合性依存∙ professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构∙ problem identification 问题识别∙ problemistic search 问题搜寻∙population ecology model种群生态模型[编辑]Q∙ quality 质量∙quality circle质量圈∙ question mark 问题类市场∙ quid pro quo 交换物[编辑]R∙ rational model of decision making 理性决策模式∙realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览∙ reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性∙ resource dependence 资源依赖理论∙ routine technology 例行技术∙ retention 保留∙ rational approach 理性方法∙ rational model 理性模型∙ rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威[编辑]S∙ semivariable cost 准可变成本∙ sense of potency 力量感∙sensitivity training敏感性训练∙ sexual harassment 性骚扰∙ short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化∙ single-strand chain 单向传言链∙ situational approach 情境方法∙ situational force 情境力量∙situational leadership theory情境领导理论∙ sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算∙ small-batch production 小规模生产∙ sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法∙ span of management 管理幅度∙ staff authority 参谋职权∙ standing plan 长设计划∙ step budget 分步预算∙ stewardship principle 管家原则∙ stimulus 刺激∙ storming 调整阶段∙strategic management战略管理∙ strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系∙strategy formulation战略制定∙strategy implementation战略实施∙strategic control战略控制∙ strategic contingencies 战略权变∙ satisficing 满意度∙ subsystems 子系统∙ subunits 子单位∙ synergy 协同∙ system boundary 系统边界∙ structure dimension 结构性维度∙ sequential interdependence 序列性依存∙self-directed team自我管理型团队∙ specialist 专门战略∙ strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革∙ symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征[编辑]T∙ tall hierarchies 高长型科层结构∙ task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队∙ task independence 任务的内部依赖性∙ task management 任务型管理∙ task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格∙ total productivity 全部生产率∙Total Quality Management全面质量管理∙ training positions 挂职培训∙ training program 培训程序∙ transactional leaders 交易型领导∙transformational leaders变革型领导∙ treatment discrimination 歧视待遇∙two-factory theory双因素理论∙ two-boss employees 双重主管员工∙ technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者[编辑]U∙ unfreezing 解冻∙ unit production 单位产品[编辑]V∙ variation 变种子∙ variety 变量∙ valence 效价∙ variable costs 可变成本∙vertical communication纵向沟通∙vertical integration纵向一体化∙ vestibule training 仿真培训∙ volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性∙ vertical linkage 纵向连接∙ venture team 风险团队∙ value based leadership 基于价值的领导[编辑]W∙ win-lose situation 输赢情境∙ win-win situation 双赢情境∙ workforce literacy 员工的读写能力∙work in progress在制品∙ work flow redesign 工作流程再造成∙ work flow automation 工作流程自动化∙ whistle blowing 揭发[编辑]Z∙ zero-sum 零---和∙ zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)如果您认为本条目还有待完善，需要补充新内容或修改错误内容，请编辑条目。

管理类专业术语英汉对照

管理类专业术语英汉对照管理类专业术语英汉对照目录[隐藏]∙ 1 A∙ 2 B∙ 3 C∙ 4 D∙ 5 E∙ 6 F∙7 G∙8 H∙9 I∙10 J∙11 K∙12 L∙13 M∙14 N∙15 P∙16 Q∙17 R∙18 S∙19 T∙20 U∙21 V∙22 W∙23 Z[编辑]A∙access discrimination 进入歧视∙action research 动作研究∙adjourning 解散∙adhocracy 特别结构∙administrative principle 管理原则∙artifacts 人工环境∙artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠∙avoiding learning 规避性学习∙ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略[编辑]B∙balance sheet资产负债表∙BCG matrix波士顿咨询集团矩阵∙bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查∙bounded rationality 有限理性∙bureaucracy 官僚机构∙benchmarking标杆瞄准∙bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法∙boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用[编辑]C∙Computer-aided design puter-automated manufacturing(CAD/CAM)计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产∙confrontation 对话∙consortia 企业联合∙change agent 变革促进者∙chaos theory混沌理论∙charismatic leaders魅力型领导者∙charity principle 博爱原则∙coercive power 强制权∙cohesiveness 凝聚力∙collaborative management 合作型管理∙comparable worth 可比较价值∙competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准∙confrontation meeting 碰头会∙constancy of purpose 永久性目标∙contingency approach权变理论∙corporate social performance 公司社会表现∙corporate social responsibility公司社会责任∙corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应∙critical incident 关键事件∙current assets流动资产∙current liabilities流动负债∙culture strength 文化强度∙creative department 创造性部门∙craft technology 技艺性技术∙contextual dimension 关联性维度∙continuous process production 连续加工生产∙collectivity stage 集体化阶段∙clan control 小团体控制∙clan culture小团体文化∙coalition 联合团体∙collaborative 协作网络∙centrality 集中性∙centraliazation 集权化∙charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力[编辑]D∙decentralization分权∙democracy management 民主管理∙departmentalization 部门化∙differential rate system 差别报酬系统∙dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法∙division of labor 劳动分工∙downward mobility 降职流动∙dynamic engagement 动态融合∙dynamic network 动态网络∙domain 领域∙direct interlock 直接交叉∙divisional form 事业部模式∙differentiation strategy差别化战略∙decision premise 决策前提∙dual-core approach二元核心模式[编辑]E∙electronic data-processing(EDP) 电子数据处理∙employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格∙empowerment 授权∙encoding 解码∙end-user computing 终端用户计算系统∙entrepreneurship 企业家精神∙equity 净资产∙equity theory公平理论∙espoused value 信仰价值∙ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者∙expectancy theory期望理论∙expense budget 支出预算∙expense center 费用中心∙external audit外部审计∙external stakeholders 外部利益相关者∙extrinsic rewards外部奖励∙ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官∙external adaption 外部适应性∙elaboration stage 精细阶段∙entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段∙escalating commitment 顽固认同[编辑]F∙family group 家庭集团∙financial statement财务报表∙flat hierarchies 扁平型结构∙flexible budget弹性预算∙force-field theory 场力理论∙formal authority 合法权力∙formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估∙franchise 特许经营权∙formalization stage 规范化阶段∙functional grouping 职能组合∙formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道[编辑]G∙game theory博弈论∙general financial condition 一般财务状况∙geocentric manager 全球化管理者∙general manager总经理∙globalization] 全球化∙gossip chain 传言链∙grapevine 传言网∙global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系∙general environment 一般环境∙generalist 全面战略∙geographic grouping 区域组合∙global company 全球公司∙global geographic structure 全球区域结构[编辑]H∙Hawthorne effect霍桑效应∙heuristic principles 启发性原理∙hierarchy 科层制度∙hiring specification 招聘细则∙horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型∙hybrid structure混合结构∙high tech 高接触∙high-velocity environments 高倍速环境[编辑]I∙impoverished management 放任式管理∙income statement损益表∙information transformation 信息转换∙infrastructure基础设施∙integrative process 整合过程∙intelligent enterprises 智力企业∙internal audit 内部审计∙internal stakeholder 内部相关者∙internship 实习∙intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神∙intrinsic reward内在报酬∙inventory 库存, 存货∙internal integration内部整合∙interorganization relationship 组织间的关系∙intergroup conflict 团体间冲突∙interlocking directorate 交叉董事会∙institutional perspective 机构的观点∙intuitive decision making 直觉决策∙idea champion 构思倡导者∙incremental change 渐进式变革∙informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构∙informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价[编辑]J∙job description 职务描述∙job design 职务设计∙job enlargement 职务扩大化∙job enrichment 职务丰富化∙job rotation 职务轮换∙job specialization 职务专业化[编辑]K∙key performance areas 关键业务区∙key result areas关键绩效区[编辑]L∙labor productivity index 劳动生产力指数∙laissez management 自由化管理∙large batch production大批量生产∙lateral communication横向沟通∙leadership style 领导风格∙least preferred co-worker(LPC) 最不喜欢的同事∙legitimate power 合法权力∙liability 负债∙liaison 联络者∙line authority 直线职权∙liquidity 流动性∙liaison role 联络员角色∙long-linked technology 纵向关联技术∙losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失∙low-cost leadership 低成本领先[编辑]M∙management by objective目标管理∙Managerial Grid 管理方格∙matrix bosses 矩阵主管∙management champion 管理倡导者∙materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划∙Mslow's hierarchy of needs马斯洛需求层次论∙marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观∙multiculturalism 文化多元主义∙multidivisional firm 多部门公司∙moral rules 道德准则∙management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理∙matrix structure 矩阵结构∙multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司∙moral relativism 道德相对主义∙mechanistic system 机械式组织∙middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理∙meso theory 常态理论∙multidomestic strategy多国化战略∙mediating technology 调停技术[编辑]N∙na?ve relativism 朴素相对主义∙need-achievement 成就需要∙norming 规范化∙norms 规范∙nonprogrammed decisions非程序化决策∙nonsubstitutability 非替代性∙nonroutine technology 非例行技术∙niche 领地∙off-the-job training 脱产培训∙on-the-job training 在职培训∙operational budget运营预算∙order backlog 订单储备∙organic system 有机系统∙organizational development(OD) 组织发展∙orientation 定位∙outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性∙outplacement services 外延服务∙organization ecosystem 组织生态系统[编辑]P∙paradox of authority 权威的矛盾∙paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾∙paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾∙paradox of identify 身份的矛盾∙paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾∙paradox of regression 回归的矛盾∙partial productivity 部分生产率∙participative management 参与式管理∙path-goal model路径目标模型∙peer recruiter 同级招聘∙political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会∙polycentric manager 多中心管理者∙portfolio framework 业务组合框架∙portfolio investment 资产组合投资∙positive reinforcement正强化∙production flexibility生产柔性∙profitability收益率∙programmed decisions程序化决策∙psychoanalytic view 精神分析法∙paradigm 范式∙personal ratios 人员比例∙pooled dependence 集合性依存∙professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构∙problem identification 问题识别∙problemistic search 问题搜寻∙population ecology model种群生态模型[编辑]Q∙quality 质量∙quality circle质量圈∙question mark 问题类市场∙quid pro quo 交换物[编辑]R∙rational model of decision making 理性决策模式∙realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览∙reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性∙resource dependence 资源依赖理论∙routine technology 例行技术∙retention 保留∙rational approach 理性方法∙rational model 理性模型∙rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威[编辑]S∙semivariable cost 准可变成本∙sense of potency 力量感∙sensitivity training敏感性训练∙sexual harassment 性骚扰∙short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化∙single-strand chain 单向传言链∙situational approach 情境方法∙situational force 情境力量∙situational leadership theory情境领导理论∙sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算∙small-batch production 小规模生产∙sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法∙span of management 管理幅度∙staff authority 参谋职权∙standing plan 长设计划∙step budget 分步预算∙stewardship principle 管家原则∙stimulus 刺激∙storming 调整阶段∙strategic management战略管理∙strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系∙strategy formulation战略制定∙strategy implementation战略实施∙strategic control战略控制∙strategic contingencies 战略权变∙satisficing满意度∙subsystems 子系统∙subunits 子单位∙synergy 协同∙system boundary 系统边界∙structure dimension 结构性维度∙sequential interdependence 序列性依存∙self-directed team自我管理型团队∙specialist 专门战略∙strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革∙symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征[编辑]T∙tall hierarchies 高长型科层结构∙task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队∙task independence 任务的内部依赖性∙task management 任务型管理∙task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格∙total productivity 全部生产率∙Total Quality Management全面质量管理∙training positions 挂职培训∙training program 培训程序∙transactional leaders 交易型领导∙transformational leaders变革型领导∙treatment discrimination 歧视待遇∙two-factory theory双因素理论∙two-boss employees 双重主管员工∙technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者[编辑]U∙unfreezing 解冻∙unit production 单位产品[编辑]V∙variation 变种子∙variety 变量∙valence 效价∙variable costs 可变成本∙vertical communication纵向沟通∙vertical integration纵向一体化∙vestibule training仿真培训∙volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性∙vertical linkage 纵向连接∙venture team 风险团队∙value based leadership 基于价值的领导[编辑]W∙win-lose situation 输赢情境∙win-win situation 双赢情境∙workforce literacy 员工的读写能力∙work in progress在制品∙work flow redesign 工作流程再造成∙work flow automation 工作流程自动化∙whistle blowing 揭发[编辑]Z∙zero-sum 零---和∙zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。

英汉对照物流管理术语

englishA Circular LetterA fixed day sailingA fortnight sailingA Friday sailingA libraA monthly sailingA weekly sailinga.b.sA.Pa.t.sabc classificiationAbnormalAccomplish a Bill of Lading (to) accountantacquisition cost ordering costAct of Godactivity cost poolactivity-based costingactivity-relatedActual DisplacementAd valorem freightAddendum (to a charter party) Addendum to a charter partyAdditional for Alteration of Destination Additional for Optional Destination Address commission (Addcomm)AdjustmentAdjustmentAdvanced B/Ladvanced shipping notice (asn)agile manufacturingAir ExpressAir Waybillairline operator/freight forwarderAll in rateall in rateAll purposes (A.P)all pueposesAll purposes (A.P)all time savedAll time saved (a.t.s)AllianceallocationAllocationAlways afloatamerican bureau of shippingAmerican Bureau of Shipping (A.B.S.) AmountAMT (Advanced Manufacturing Technology) anchoeageanchoeage duesAnchorageAnchorage duesAnnual surveyanticipation inventoryAnti-dated B/LAPICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society,Inc.) Applied Manufacturing Education SeriesApronArbitration awardArbitratorArea differentialarea differential arrest differenrialarrest a shipArrivalarticleArticle reservesAS/RS (automated storage/retrieval system)assemble-to-orderassemblyassignment billAssistantATP (available to promise)auditorautomated high-rise warehouseAutomatic guided vehicle AGVautomatic replenishment (ar)automatic warehouseAverage adjusterAverage bondAverage guaranteeaxle housingAxle loadBack (return) loadback orderback order costsback schedulingBack to back charterBack to singlebackflushingBackfreightback-haulsbacklogBad goodsBale or bale capacityBalersBallast (to)Ballast tobalseBand Conveyorbar codebar codeBareboat (demise) Charter PartyBareboat demise charter partyBargeBarratrybarrelBarrel handlerBarrierBase cargoBase PortBatchbatch processBatteryBay numberBay planBeamBeamsBearer ( of a B/L)Bearer B/LBearer of a b/lbill of exchangeBill of Ladingbill of materialsBlank EndorsementBoarding Agent / ClerkBoatmanbodybody shellBonded AreaBonded Goods ( Goods in Bond)bonded warehouseBook spaceBooking Agent the party who secures FOB cargo Booking NoteBooking Numberbooking, consigningBoom of a fork-lift truckBOR (bill of resource)Both ends (Bends)Both to blame collision clausebottleneckBottomBottom stow cargoBottomry loanboxBox carboyol newbrotherBP Base PortbrakeBrakebraking systemBreakage-proofBreakbulkBreakbulk cargoBroken stowageBrokeragebucketless systemBuffer stock---Bulk cargoBulk carrierBulk containerbundle (Bd)Bunker Adjustment Factor (Surcharge) (BAS or BS) Bunker escalation clauseBunker SupplierBuoyBureau Veritas (B.V.)business carbusiness logisticsbusiness planC/CCable/Telex ReleaseCabotageCADCAM (computer-aided manufacturing)can/tinCanal transit duesCancellationCanopycanvasCAO Computer assisted orderingcapacity levelcapacity managementcapacity requirements planningcapital payoffCapital ReductionCAPP (computer-aided process planning)Capsize vesselCaptainCar carrierCar containercar shelterCargo availability at destination inCargo Canvassingcargo deliveryCargo hookCargo ManifestCargo sharingCargo superintendentCargo tankCargo tracerCargo under custom'S supervision CargoworthinessCarryingscartonCartonscaseCASE (computer-aided software engineering)case studyCashiercaskcasketcentre of gravitycentre of gtavity of-setCertificate of seaworthinessCesser clauseCFS/CFS (S/S) This CFS to CFS service means :Chairman of the boardChannel of DistributionChargeable WeightchargerCharter Party ( C/P)Charter Party B/LChartered CarrierChassisCheckchestChiefChief of fleetChill spaceCIMS (computer integrated manufacturing system)Claims adjusterClassification certificateClassification registerClassification surveyCleanClean (petroleum ) productsClean B/LClean the holds (to)Clean-upClerkclosed-loop MRPClosing dateClosure of navigationclutchCoastal TransportCOD Change of DestinationcodeCodecoilCold chainCollapsible flattrackcollective packingColumnCombination of Ratecombined transportCombined transportCommissionerCommoditiesCommodity Classification Rates (CCR)Commodity inspectionCommon carrierCommon FeederCOMMS (Customer Oriented Manufacturing Management System) CompetitorsCompletely knocked down (CKD)componentCompulsory pilotagecomputer assisted ording(cao)computer-aided designConferenceConference CarrierCongestionCongestion surchargeCon-ro shipConsecutive single trip C/P Consecutive voyagesConsignConsigneeconsigneeConsignmentConsignorConsignorConsolidationConsolidation (groupage)ConsortiumConsortium ConstantsConstantsConstantsConstruction RatecontainerContainer bargeContainer Freight Station ( CFS) Container leasingContainer Load PlanContainer Loading Listcontainer straddle carrierContainer terminalContainer transportContainer yard (CY)ContainerisedContainerizationContainerized transport Containerization containers moving over the road ContainershipContamination (of cargo )continuous processcontinuous replenishment program (CRP) contractcontract logisticsContract of Affreightment (COA) Contributory valuecontrol deviceControlled CarrierConventional Container ShipConveyorConveyor beltCorner casting (fitting)Corner postcorporate philosophy－relatedcorrosivecostcost drivercost driver ratecost of stockoutcost of transportationCost reductioncost roll-upcosted BOMCouriers UPS/TNT/HDS/EMSCranecrank-connecting rod mechanismcrateCrawler mounted craneCrew Listcritical path methodcritical ratiocritical work centercross dockingcubecumulative lead timeCurrency Adjustment Factor (CAF)current standart costCustom of the port (COP)Customary assistanceCustomary Quick Despatch (CQD)customer deliver leadtimeCustomer ServiceCustomer Service ClerkCustomer Service Dept.customization logisticscustomized logisticsCustoms brokerCustoms declarationCut-off time Latest possible time the cargo may be delivered to Cutting StockCY/CFS (Y/S) This CY to CFS service means :CY/CY (Y/Y) This CY to CY service means:cycle countingcycle stockDaily running costDamage for DetentionDamageddangerous cargoDangerous Cargo Listdangerous when wetDatedays offsetDCS (distributed control system)Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage (DWCT)DeadfreightDeadweight (weight) cargoDeadweight cargo (carrying)capacityDeadweight Tonnage (All Told) (DWT or D.W.A.T)Deaiweight scaledecision support systemDeck cargoDeclaration of ship's Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo Declared value for CarriageDeclared value for CustomsdelivererdeliveryDeliveryDelivery of cargo (a ship)delivery orderdelivery orderDelivery Order (D/O)demand cycledemand forecastDemand Forecastingdemand managementdemonstrated capacityDemurrageDemurrage half despatch (D1/2D)Departmentdependent demandDerrickDescriptionDespatch or Despatch moneyDestuffDet Norske Veritas (D.N.V.)detentionDeviationDeviation surchargeDieselDiesel ForkliftDigital LibraryDirect AdditionalDirect B/LDirect dischargeDirect transshipmentDirectorDirty(Black) (petroleum) products ( D.P.P.) DisbursementsDischarging portdiscrete manufacturingdispatch listdispatching planningDisponent ownerDistributiondistribution centerdistribution centre(dc)distribution logisticsDistribution Plandistribution processingdistribution requirement planning(drp i)distribution resource planning (drp ii)DMRP (distributed MRP)DockDock receiptDockerDoor to doordouble-girder crane model with manual/electric hoist DowntimeDraft (draught)Draft limitationdrive axledriverDrop and pull transportdrop shipmentDropping outward pilot (D.O.P.)DRP (distribution resource planning)drumDry cargoDry cargo(freight) containerDry dockDTF (demand time fence)Dunnage and separationsDutyearliest due dateEasy deformationECO (engineering change order/notice)economic order quantity(eoq)Economy of DistanceEconomy of SaleECR (Efficient customer response)ECR（efficient consumer response）EDI （electronic data interchange）EDI (electronic datainterchange)efficient customer response (ecr)Efficient deck hand (E.D.H.)elasticity of transport demandElectric ForkliftElectronic Commerceelectronic data interchange (EDI)electronic order system (EOS)Electronic SaleElectronic ScaleElectronic TradeElevatoremergency exitEngineengine bodyengineering BOMentanglementEnter a ship inwards (outwards)Enterprise resource planningenterprise resource planningEntrepotenvironmental logisticsenvironment-friendly logisticsEOQ (economic order quantity)EOS (Electronic order system)EOS(Electronic Ordering System)EquipmentEquipment handover chargeEquipment Interchange Receipt ( EIR) Equipment utilizationergonomicsERPEstimated time of completion (ETC) Estimated time of departure (ETD) Estimated time of readiness (ETR) Estimated time of sailing (ETS) ethical issuesEtiquetteETO (engineer-to-order)EuropalletEven if used (E.I.U.)Excepted periodExceptionExceptions clauseExcess landingExpiry of laytimeexplosiveExport supervised warehouseExtend a charterExtend suit timeExtension of a charterExtension to suit timeexternal logisticsExtranetExtreme breadthF.O.BFactoryFairwayFAS (final assembly schedule) favorable varianceFCS (finite capacity scheduling) featureFederation (ITF)Feeder serviceFeeder shipFerryfieldFinanceFinance Dept.financial accountingfinancial entityfinished products warehouse Finishingfinite forward schedulingfinite loadingfire controlFire extinguishersfirm-planned orderfirm-planned time fenceFirst class shipfixed gauntry cranefixed period requirementsfixed-interval system (fis)Fixture NoteFlag of convenience (FOC)flat bedtruckflatbedFlatcarFloating craneFloating dockfloor stock,bulk itemflow of cashflow of exchangeflow of materialFMS (flexible manufacturing system)FOQ (fixed order quantity)Force majeureFork lift truckforkliftForklift highforklift workerforklift workerform utilityForm Utilityformal systemForty foot equivalent unit (FEU)forward schedulingFour-way palletfragileFragileframefranchised outletFree In (FI)Free In and OutFree In and Out (FIO)Free In and Out Stowed and Trimmed (FIOST)Free Out (FO)FreeboardFreeze spacefreightFreight all kinds (FAK)Freight canvasserfreight claim---Freight collect (freight payable at destination) freight contentfreight invoiceFreight manifestFreight prepaidFreight quotationfreight rateFreight rate (rate of freight)Freight tariffFreight ton (FT)FreighterFridays and holidays excepted (F.H.E.X .) front axlefuel supply systemFull and complete cargoFull and downFull Container Load (FCL)Full Container Shipfull-loadfull-service distribution company (fsdc) Fumigation ChargeGantry craneGasolinegear boxGenconGeneral averageGeneral average actGeneral average contributionGeneral average sacrificeGeneral cargo (generals)General Cargo Rates (GCR)General ManagerGeneral purpose containerGeographical rotationgeorgraphical information system (gis) Germanischer Lloyd (G.L.)global positioning system (gps)Goodgoods collectionGoods namegoods shedgoods shelfgoods stackgoods yardgovernment policiesGPS（Global Positioning System）Grab CraneGrabbing craneGrain or grain capacityGreenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.)Gross Dead Weight TonnageGross Registered Tonnage (GRT)gross requirementsGross weightGross weight(GW)GroundingGT (group technology)GuestGunny bagGunny mattingHague RulesHague-Visby RulesHamburg RulesHand hookHandlingHandling/carryingHandoverHandymaxHandy-sized bulkerHarbourHarbour duesHatch (hatch cover)HatchwayHaving, being, or related to shipments of goods packed in small, s Head charter (charter party)Head chartererHeavy fuel oil (H.F.O)Heavy liftHeavy lift additional (surcharge)Heavy lift derrickHeavy weatherhedge inventoryHelmethigh bay rackHigh density cargoHire statementHoldHome portHomogeneous cargoHookHopperHouse Air Waybill (HAWB)House B/LHouse Bill of LadingHovercraftHR and Admin Dept.HumidityHumldity controlled spaceHusbandryHydraulic carHygrometerHyper Production StyleIce-breakerIdentity of carrier clauseIdleIdle formalityIdle materialignition systemImmediate rebateImport entryIn apparent good order and conditionIn bulkinbound logisticsIndemnityIndemnityIndemnityindented BOMIndicative markInducementInducement cargoinfinite loadinginflammableinflammable gasinflammable liquidinflammable solidInflation adjustment factor ( IAF)informal systemInformationinformation flowInformation sharingInfrastructure (of a port) (Inherent viceInland container depotinput/output controlInspectionInstitute Warranty Limits (IWL) (Insufficient packinginsurance policyIntaken weightintegrated logisticsintegrated logistics managementinter city distributionInterim storageIntermodal transportationinternal logisticsInternational Air Transport Association (IATA)International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)international logisticsInternational Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) International Maritime Organization (IMO)International multimdal transportInternational through raiIway transportIntranetIn-transit inventoryinventoryinventoryInventoryinventory controlinventory cycle timeinventory managementinventory strategyinventory turnover/turnsinvestigation of market in transportInwardInward cargoItemitem master,material masteritem,material,partItineraryItineraryIT部JettisonJettisonJettisonJITJIT （just in time）job shopJoint distributionJoint serviceJumbo derrickJurisdiction (Litigation)clause Just in timejust in time (jit)kecp away fom moisturekeep away form coldkeep drykeep in a cool placekeep in a dry placekeep uprightkittingKnotL/C)LabelsLabor productivityLadenLaden draughtLand bridge transport LandbridgeLanding,storage and delivery LashLashingsLatitudeLay upLay-by berthLaydays (laytime)Laydays canceling (LaycanL/C) Laydays canceling (Laycan Laytime savedLaytime statementLaytime statementLaytime statementlead timelead time offsetLeakage-prooflean logisticslean productionleast slack per operationLeg (of a voyage)legal issuesLength overall (overall length , Less Container Load (LCL)Less than container load (LCL)Letter of indemnityLetter of indemnityliable to tipLienLienLienLift-on lift-off (LO-LO) Light DisplacementLighterLightingLimitation of liabilityLineLine (shipping line)line-haul---Liner ( liner ship)Liner in free out (LIFO) Liner termsLiner transportLiteracylive pilotLloyd's Register of Shipping LOA) (Load (Loaded)Displacement LoadingLoading and unloading Loading hatchLoading ListLoadline (load line)Log abstractLog booklogisticslogistics activitylogistics alliancelogistics centerlogistics costLogistics cost control logistics documentslogistics economicslogistics enterpriselogistics industrylogistics information logistics managementlogistics moduluslogistics networklogistics operationLogistics resource planning Logistics strategylogistics systemLoglstics strategy management Long Form B/LLong length additionalLong tonLong-distancelosgistics resource planning (lrp)lot sizelot size inventorylot sizinglot-for-lotLow density cargolow-lever codeLRPLTLLetter of indemnityLubricating Oillubricating systemLump sum charterMaiden voyageMain deckmaintenance,repair,and operation supplies making an inventoryManagementmanagement accountingmanagement by exceptionManagerManifestManualmanufacturemanufacturermanufacturing BOMManufacturing resource planningmarginal costMaritime declaration of healthMaritime lienmarket in transportMarketing Dept.Marks and numbersMaster Air Waybill (MAWB)master schedulermaterial availablematerial handlingmaterial managementMaterial requirements planningmaterial review boardMaterials cardMates ReceiptMate's receiptMaximum FreightMean draughtmeasure of velocityMeasurement cargoMeasurement rated cargoMeasurement rulesmeasurement unitMeasuring InstrumentsMembers of claimsMembers of deliveryMerchantMerchant marineMES (manufacturing executive system)Metric tonmilitary logisticsminimum balanceMinimum FreightMIS (management information system)MIS(Management Information System)MisdeliveryMisdescriptionMixed cargoMobile craneModelModelModern Materials Handlingmodular BOMMoistureMore frequent, smaller shipmentsMore or less (mol.)More or less in charterers option (MOLCHOP)More or less in owners option (MOLOO)Mother shipMotion and time studymove timeMPS (master production schedule)MRPMRPMRP Closing dateMRP DockMTO (make-to-order)Multideck shipMulti-modal (Inter-modal, combined) transport B/L Multi-purpose cargo shipMulti-purpose terminalNamed B/LNarrow the laycannet changenet rate pricingNet Registered Tonnage (NRT)Net RequirementsNet weightnettingnetwork of waterborne transportationNew Jason clauseNew Jason clauseNew York Produce Exchange charter-party (NYPE) NewbuildingNippon kaiji kyokai (NKK)No cure no payNo customs valuation (NCV)NO SmokingNo value Declared (NVD)Nominate a shipNon-deliveryNon-negotiable bill of ladingNon-reversible laytimeNon-vessel owning(operating) common carrier (NVOCC) NormNot always afloat but safe agroundNot otherwise enumerated (N.O.E.)Not to be trippedNote protestNotice of Readiness (NOR)Notice of redeliveryNotify partyNumberOcean (Liner, Sea) waybillOff hireOilOil tankerOn Board (Shipped) B/LOn Deck B/LOn-carriageOne-way palletOpen hatch bulk carrieropen hereopen orderOpen rateOpen rated cargoOpen side containerOperate a shipOperationoptical character recognitionoptionOptional cargoOPTO (ptimized Production Technology)orderOrder B/LOrder clerksOrder cycleOrder cycle timeorder pickingOrder Point SystemOrder policyorder processingordering costorderlinessOre/bulk/oil carrierorganic peroxideOut of gaugeoutbound logisticsouter city distributionOutportoutsourcingOutturnOutturn reportOutward cargoOver weight surchargeoverhead apportionment/allocationoverhead rate,burden factor,absorption rate Overheight cargoOverlanded cargo or overlandingOverloadOvertime (O/T)OvertonnagingOwner's agentsoxidizing agentpackagePackage limitationPackage/packagingPackaged withpackagingPacking listPacking of nominated brandPaintingPalletpalletPallet truckPalletizedPanamaxParamount clauseParcelparent itemPareto PrincipleParkingparts and service supportpasspayment receiptpeggingPer freight ton (P. F. T.)Performance claimperformance measurementperformance –relatedPerishable goodsperishable itemsPermanent dunnagePERT (program evaluation research technology) phantomPhosphoric acid carrierphysical distributionphysical flowphysical productionpickingpicking listPicking upPiece weightPierPier to pierPiggyCbackPilotPilotagePilotage duesplace utilityPlanplanned capacityplanned orderplanned order receiptsplanned order releasesplanning BOMplanning horizonplant and warehouse site selection plastic palletPlatePlatformPlatform flatpoint of sale(pos)point of usepoisonpoison gaspolicy and procedurepolythenePooling (POQ (period order quantity)PortPort Congestion Surchargeport hinterland, port’s backlandport of loadingPort of refugeport storage yard, port stacking ground Port Surchargeport(harbor) area, port(harbor)district Portable unloaderPOS(Point Of Sale)positionpossession utilityPossession UtilityPost fixturePost-entrypost-transaction elementspower assisting devicepower supply devicepower trainPreamble (Pre-entryPre-shipment chargesPre-stowpre-transaction elementspriorityPrivate carrierPrivate formprocedureprocess of cargo-handlingProduce carrierProduct (products) carrierproduction activity controlproduction cycleproduction logisticsprofessional organizationProforma charter-partyProject ClerkProject Dept.projected available balancePromotionPromotional ratepropeller shaftproposed costProspectsProtecting (protective, supervisory) agentprotecting privacyProtection and indemnity club (association) (P.& I. Club ,Pandi cl Protective clausesProtestprototyping,computer pilotPTF (planned time fence)PumpmanPurchase (PurchasingPush codePut awayQRQR（Quick Response）qualified goodsQualityQuantity AllocationQuantity GrossQuarter rampQuarter-deckQuayQueryqueue timeQuick responsequotationQuoteradio frequency (rf)radioactiveRailcarRailway container yardRain clothRampRamp/hatch cover (RateRate of demurrageRate of discharge (discharging)Rate of freightRate of loadingRaw materials warehouseRCCP (rough-cut capacity planning) rder cycle timereceipt orderReceived for shipment B/LReceiving datesReceiving spaceRecharterRecordRecovery agentRectifyRedelivery (redly)Redelivery certificateRefrigerated (reefer) ship Refrigerated (reefer)container RegenerationRegionRegisterRegister (registered) tonnage RegistrationRegistro Italiano Navale (R.I.) ReinforcementRelease a bill of ladingRelease cargoReleased order ,open order Remaining on board (R.O.B.) RemarksRemovable deckRepetitive manufacturingReplyreportReporting point ( calling-in-point) Reposition containersRequired capacityRequisitionResource requirements planning ResourcesRespondentia loanResupply orderRetailerReturnReturn cargoReturn loadReturn trip C/Preverse logisticsReversible laytimeReviewRoads (roadstead)Rolling cargoRolling hatch coverRoll-on roll-off (Ro-ro)Roll-on roll-off shipRotationRound voyageRoutingRun agroundRun timeRunning daysrunning gearrush orders option (MOLCHOP)s option (MOLOO)Safe agroundSafe berth (s.b)Safe port (S.P)Safe working loadsafetysafety lead timesafety passageSafety radio-telegraphy certificateSafety shoesSafety stockSaid to contain (s.t.c.) (SailSailing schedule (card)Sales packageSalesmanSalvage agreementSalvage chargesSalveSalvorSaturdays,Sundays and holidays excepted (S.S.H.E.X.) Saturdays,Sundays and holidays included (S.S.H.I.N.C) ScalesScanconScanconbillScantlingsScheduled Airlinescheduled receiptsschedulerSchedulingscrapScrap terminalSea waybill Seal SeaworthinessSealing machineseasonal stockseat beltSeaworthinessSeaworthinessSeaworthinesssectionsection for delivery preparationsection for inspectionSecure (to)Segregated ballast tankself-deliverySelf-sustaining shipSelf-trimming ship (self-trimmer) Self-unloaderSemi-container ShipSemitrailerSeparationService contractServicesSET (Secure Electronic Transaction) set up timeShakeproofShears (shear-legs)SheaveShelfshelf lifeShelter-deckShiftShiftShift (to)Shift positionsShifting chargesship to ship transferShipbrokerShipmentShipperShippingShipping agencyShipping by charteringShipping instructionsShipping lineshipping noteShipping Order (S/O)Shipping spaceShip's gearShip's railShip's tackleship-toShipyardshop calendarshop floor controlshop orderShoreShore gearShortShort Form B/LShort seaShort shipmentShort splitShortageShortlanded cargoshrinkageShut out (to)Side door containerSimilar sbustitue (sim.sub.)simulated costSingle deck ship (s.d.)Single hatch shipSingle trip C/PSister shipSkidSkipslewing craneSliding hatch coverSlingSlop tankSlopsSlotSMED (single-minute exchange of dies) societal logisticsSOP (sales and operations planning) sortingsortingSound-proofSpace utilizationSpecial commodity quotation (SCQ) Special equipmentSpecific cargo containerSpecific Commodity Rates (SCR)Specific gravity(s.g.)Specificationsspending variance,expenditure variance Spiral elevatorspontaneously combustibleSpreaderSquatstackingstackingstacking crane---Stacking layStale B/Lstandard cost systemStandard palletStarboard (side)starting systemStatement of factssteering gearsteering linkagesteering systemsteering wheelStemStem a berthstereoscopic warehouseSternStevedorestevedoreStevedoring charges。

管理学术语英文对照解释

管理学术语英文对照解释Management Glindex(Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter)(Eighth Edition)（英汉对照）管理学原理双语组编写2007年3月Chapter 1 Management and Organizations1、Manager：管理者Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals .管理者是这样的人，他通过协调其他人的活动达到与别人一起或者通过别人实现组织目标的目的。

2、First-line managers :基层管理者Managers at the lowest level of the organization who manage the work of nonmanagerial e mployees who are involved With the production or the organization’s products是管理着非管理人员所从事的生产和提供组织产品的工作，是最低层的管理者3、Middle managers :中层管理者Mangers between the first-line level and the top level of the organization who manage the work of first-line managers 处于基层和高层之间，管理着基层管理者。

4、Top manager :高层管理者Managers at or near the top level of the organization who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.处于或接近组织顶层，承担着制定广泛的组织决策,为整个组织制定计划和目标的责任。

项目管理术语英中对照表

项目管理术语英/中对照表英文术语中文翻译定义Accept 验收 The act of formally receiving oracknowledging something and regardingit as being true, sound, suitable, orcomplete.Acceptance 验收 See acceptAcceptance Criteria 验收标准 Those criteria, including performancerequirements and essential conditions,which must be met before projectdeliverables are accepted.Acquire Project Team [Process]组建项目团队 The process of obtaining the humanresources needed to complete the project.Activity 活动 A component of work performed duringthe course of a project. See also scheduleactivity.Activity Attributes [Output/Input]活动属性 Multiple attributes associated with eachschedule activity that can be includedwithin the activity list. Activity attributesinclude activity codes, predecessoractivities, successor activities, logicalrelationships, leads and lags, resourcerequirements, imposed dates, constraints,and assumptions.Activity Code 活动编码 One or more numerical or text values thatidentify characteristics of the work or insome way categorize the schedule activitythat allows filtering and ordering ofactivities within reports.Activity Definition [Process]活动定义 The process of identifying the specificschedule activities that need to beperformed to produce the various projectdeliverables.Activity Description (AD) 活动描述 A short phrase or label for each scheduleactivity used in conjunction with anactivity identifier to differentiate thatproject schedule activity from otherschedule activities. The activitydescription normally describes the scopeof work of the schedule activity.Activity Duration 活动历时The time in calendar units between thestart and finish of a schedule activity. Seealso actual duration, original duration,and remaining duration.Activity Duration Estimating [Process]活动历时估算The process of estimating the number ofwork periods that will be needed tocomplete individual schedule activities.Activity Identifier 活动标识符 A short unique numeric or textidentification assigned to each scheduleactivity to differentiate that projectactivity* from other activities. Typicallyunique within any one project schedulenetwork diagram.Activity List [Output/Input]活动列表 A documented tabulation of scheduleactivities that shows the activitydescription, activity identifier, and asufficiently detailed scope of workdescription so project team membersunderstand what work is to be performed.Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) AOA、双代号法See arrow diagramming method.Activity-on-Node (AON) AON、单代号法See precedence diagramming method.Activity Resource Estimating [Process]活动资源估算The process of estimating the types andquantities of resources required toperform each schedule activity.Activity Sequencing [Process]活动排序The process of identifying anddocumenting dependencies amongschedule activities.Actual Cost (AC) 实际成本Total costs actually incurred and recordedin accomplishing work performed duringa given time period for a schedule activityor work breakdown structure component.Actual cost can sometimes be direct laborhours alone, direct costs alone, or all costsincluding indirect costs. Also referred toas the actual cost of work performed(ACWP). See also earned valuemanagement and earned value technique.Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP) 已执行工作的实际成本See actual cost (AC).Actual Duration 实际历时The time in calendar units between theactual start date of the schedule activityand either the data date of the projectschedule if the schedule activity is inprogress or the actual finish date if theschedule activity is complete.Actual Finish Date (AF) 实际完成日期The point in time that work actually endedon a schedule activity.(Note: In some application areas, theschedule activity is considered “finished”whenwork is “substantially complete.”) Actual Start Date (AS) 实际开始日期The point in time that work actuallystarted on a schedule activity.Analogous Estimating [Technique]类比估算An estimating technique that uses thevalues of parameters, such as scope, cost,budget, and duration or measures of scalesuch as size, weight, and complexity froma previous, similar activity as the basis forestimating the same parameter or measurefor a future activity. It is frequently usedto estimate a parameter when there is alimited amount of detailed informationabout the project (e.g., in the earlyphases). Analogous estimating is a formof expert judgment. Analogous estimatingis most reliable when the previousactivities are similar in fact and not just inappearance, and the project teammembers preparing the estimates have theneeded expertise.Application Area 应用领域 A category of projects that have commoncomponents significant in such projects,but are not needed or present in allprojects. Application areas are usuallydefined in terms of either the product (i.e.,by similar technologies or productionmethods) or the type of customer (i.e.,internal versus external, governmentversus commercial) or industry sector(i.e., utilities, automotive, aerospace,information technologies). Applicationareas can overlap.Apportioned Effort (AE)分配的工作量Effort applied to project work that is notreadily divisible into discrete efforts for thatwork, but which is related in directproportion to measurable discrete workefforts. Contrast with discrete effort. Approval批准See approveApprove批准The act of formally confirming,sanctioning, ratifying, or agreeing to something.Approved Change Request 已批准的变更请求A change request that has been processed through the integrated change control process and approved. Contrast with requested change.Arrow 箭线The graphic presentation of a scheduleactivity in the arrow diagramming methodor a logical relationship between scheduleactivities in the precedence diagrammingmethod.Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) 箭线图 A schedule network diagrammingtechnique in which schedule activities arerepresented by arrows. The tail of thearrow represents the start, and the headrepresents the finish of the scheduleactivity. (The length of the arrow does notrepresent the expected duration of theschedule activity.) Schedule activities areconnected at points called nodes (usuallydrawn as small circles) to illustrate thesequence in which the schedule activitiesare expected to be performed.See also precedence diagrammingmethod.As-of Date 截止日期See data dat eAssumptions [Output/Input]假设Assumptions are factors that, for planningpurposes, are considered to be true, real,or certain without proof or demonstration.Assumptions affect all aspects of projectplanning, and are part of the progressiveelaboration of the project. Project teamsfrequently identify, document, andvalidate assumptions as part of theirplanning process. Assumptions generallyinvolve a degree of risk.Assumptions Analysis [Technique]假设分析 A technique that explores the accuracy ofassumptions and identifies risks to theproject from inaccuracy, inconsistency, orincompleteness of assumptions.Authority 职权The right to apply project resources*,expend funds, make decisions, or giveapprovalsBackward Pass 逆推法The calculation of late finish dates andlate start dates for the uncompleted portions of all schedule activities. Determined by working backwards through the schedule network logic from the project’s end date. The end date may be calculated in a forward pass or set by the customer or sponsor. See also schedule network analysis.Bar Chart [Tool]甘特图（条形图）A graphic display of schedule-related information. In the typical bar chart, schedule activities or work breakdown structure components are listed down the left side of the chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are shown as date-placed horizontal bars. Also called a Gantt chart.Baseline 基准（基线）The approved time phased plan (for aproject, a work breakdown structurecomponent, a work package, or a scheduleactivity), plus or minus approved projectscope, cost, schedule, and technicalchanges. Generally refers to the currentbaseline, but may refer to the original orsome other baseline. Usually used with amodifier (e.g., cost baseline, schedulebaseline, performance measurementbaseline, technical baseline). See alsoperformance measurement baseline. Baseline Finish Date 基线完成日期The finish date of a schedule activity inthe approved schedule baseline. See alsoscheduled finish date.Baseline Start Date 基线开始日期The start date of a schedule activity in theapproved schedule baseline. See alsoscheduled start date.Bill of Materials (BOM) 材料单 A documented formal hierarchicaltabulation of the physical assemblies,subassemblies, and components needed tofabricate a product.Bottom-up Estimating [Technique]自底向上估算 A method of estimating a component ofwork. The work is decomposed into moredetail. An estimate is prepared of what isneeded to meet the requirements of eachof the lower, more detailed pieces ofwork, and these estimates are thenaggregated into a total quantity for the component of work. The accuracy of bottom-up estimating is driven by the size and complexity of the work identified at the lower levels. Generally smaller work scopes increase the accuracy of the estimates.Brainstorming [Technique]头脑风暴 A general data gathering and creativitytechnique that can be used to identifyrisks, ideas, or solutions to issues by usinga group of team members orsubject-matter experts. Typically, abrainstorming session is structured so thateach participant’s ideas are recorded forlater analysis.Budget 预算The approved estimate for the project orany work breakdown structure componentor any schedule activity. See alsoestimate.Budget at Completion (BAC) 完工预算The sum of all the budget valuesestablished for the work to be performedon a project or a work breakdownstructure component or a scheduleactivity. The total planned value for theproject.Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP) 已执行工作的预算成本See earned value (EV).Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS) 计划工作的预算成本See planned value (PV).Buffer 缓冲See reserve.Buyer 买方The acquirer of products, services, orresults for an organization.Calendar Unit 日历单位The smallest unit of time used inscheduling the project. Calendar units aregenerally in hours, days, or weeks, butcan also be in quarter years, months,shifts, or even in minutes.Change Control 变更控制Identifying, documenting, approving orrejecting, and controlling changes to theproject baselines*.Change Control Board (CCB) 变更控制委员会A formally constituted group ofstakeholders responsible for reviewing,evaluating, approving, delaying, orrejecting changes to the project, with alldecisions and recommendations being recorded.Change Control System [Tool]变更控制系统 A collection of formal documentedprocedures that define how projectdeliverables and documentation will becontrolled, changed, and approved. Inmost application areas the change controlsystem is a subset of the configurationmanagement system.Change Request 变更请求Requests to expand or reduce the projectscope, modify policies, processes, plans,or procedures, modify costs or budgets, orrevise schedules. Requests for a changecan be direct or indirect, externally orinternally initiated, and legally orcontractually mandated or optional. Onlyformally documented requested changesare processed and only approved changerequests are implemented.Chart of Accounts [Tool]账目图表Any numbering system used to monitorproject costs* by category (e.g., labor,supplies, materials, and equipment). Theproject chart of accounts is usually basedupon the corporate chart of accounts ofthe primary performing organization.Contrast with code of accounts.Charter 章程（宪章）See project charter.Checklist [Output/Input]检查单Items listed together for convenience ofcomparison, or to ensure the actionsassociated with them are managedappropriately and not forgotten. Anexample is a list of items to be inspectedthat is created during quality planning andapplied during quality control.Claim 索偿、索赔 A request, demand, or assertion of rightsby a seller against a buyer, or vice versa,for consideration, compensation, orpayment under the terms of a legallybinding contract, such as for a disputedchange.Close Project [Process]结束项目The process of finalizing all activitiesacross all of the project process groups toformally close the project or phase. Closing Processes 收尾过程Those processes performed to formally[Process Group]terminate all activities of a project orphase, and transfer the completed productto others or close a cancelled project. Code of Accounts [Tool]账目编码Any numbering system used to uniquelyidentify each component of the workbreakdown structure. Contrast with chartof accounts.Co-location [Technique]同地办公An organizational placement strategywhere the project team members arephysically located close to one another inorder to improve communication, workingrelationships, and productivity. Common Cause 共同原因 A source of variation that is inherent inthe system and predictable. On a controlchart, it appears as part of the randomprocess variation (i.e., variation from aprocess that would be considered normalor not unusual), and is indicated by arandom pattern of points within thecontrol limits. Also referred to as randomcause. Contrast with special cause. Communication 沟通 A process through which information isexchanged among persons using acommon system of symbols, signs, orbehaviors.Communication Management Plan [Output/Input]沟通管理计划The document that describes: thecommunications needs and expectationsfor the project; how and in what formatinformation will be communicated; whenand where each communication will bemade; and who is responsible forproviding each type of communication. Acommunication management plan can beformal or informal, highly detailed orbroadly framed, based on therequirements of the project stakeholders.The communication management plan iscontained in, or is a subsidiary plan of, theproject management plan.Communications Planning [Process]编制沟通管理计划The process of determining theinformation and communications needs ofthe project stakeholders: who they are,what is their level of interest andinfluence on the project, who needs whatinformation, when will they need it, andhow it will be given to them. Compensation 补偿Something given or received, a paymentor recompense, usually somethingmonetary or in kind for products,services, or results provided or received. Component 部（组）件 A constituent part, element, or piece of acomplex whole.Configuration Management System [Tool]配置管理系统 A subsystem of the overall projectmanagement system. It is a collection offormal documented procedures used toapply technical and administrativedirection and surveillance to: identify anddocument the functional and physicalcharacteristics of a product, result,service, or component; control anychanges to such characteristics; recordand report each change and itsimplementation status; and support theaudit of the products, results, orcomponents to verify conformance torequirements. It includes thedocumentation, tracking systems, anddefined approval levels necessary forauthorizing and controlling changes. Inmost application areas, the configurationmanagement system includes the changecontrol system.Constraint [Input]约束（条件）The state, quality, or sense of beingrestricted to a given course of action orinaction. An applicable restriction orlimitation, either internal or external to theproject, that will affect the performance ofthe project or a process. For example, aschedule constraint is any limitation orrestraint placed on the project schedulethat affects when a s chedule activity canbe scheduled and is usually in the form offixed imposed dates. A cost constraint isany limitation or restraint placed on theproject budget such as funds availableover time. A project resource constraint isany limitation or restraint placed onresource usage, such as what resourceskills or disciplines are available and theamount of a given resource availableduring a specified time frame. Contingency 意外、应急情况See reserve.Contingency Allowance 应急余量See reserve.Contingency Reserve [Output/Input]应急储备The amount of funds, budget, or timeneeded above the estimate to reduce therisk of overruns of project objectives to alevel acceptable to the organization.Contract [Output/Input]合同 A contract is a mutually bindingagreement that obligates the seller toprovide the specified product or service orresult and obligates the buyer to pay for it.Contract Administration [Process]合同管理The process of managing the contract andthe relationship between the buyer andseller, reviewing and documenting how aseller is performing or has performed toestablish required corrective actions andprovide a basis for future relationshipswith the seller, managing contract relatedchanges and, when appropriate, managingthe contractual relationship with theoutside buyer of the project.Contract Closure [Process]合同终止/收尾The process of completing and settling thecontract, including resolution of any openitems and closing each contract.Contract Management Plan [Output/Input]合同管理计划The document that describes how aspecific contract will be administered andcan include items such as requireddocumentation delivery and performancerequirements. A contract managementplan can be formal or informal, highlydetailed or broadly framed, based on therequirements in the contract. Eachcontract management plan is a subsidiaryplan of the project management plan.Contract Statement of Work (SOW) [Output/Input]合同工作说明书A narrative description of products,services, or results to be supplied undercontract.Contract Work Breakdown Structure (CWBS) [Output/Input]合同工作分解结构A portion of the work breakdownstructure for the project developed andmaintained by a seller contracting toprovide a subproject or projectcomponent.Control [Technique]控制Comparing actual performance withplanned performance, analyzingvariances, assessing trends to effectprocess improvements, evaluatingpossible alternatives, and recommendingappropriate corrective action as needed.Control Account (CA) [Tool]控制帐目 A management control point where theintegration of scope, budget, actual cost,and schedule takes place, and where themeasurement of performance will occur.Control accounts are placed at selectedmanagement points (specific componentsat selected levels) of the work breakdownstructure. Each control account mayinclude one or more work packages, buteach work package may be associatedwith only one control account. Eachcontrol account is associated with aspecific single organizational componentin the organizational breakdown structure(OBS). Previously called a Cost Account.See also work package.Control Account Plan (CAP) [Tool]控制账目计划 A plan for all the work and effort to beperformed in a control account. Each CAPhas a definitive statement of work,schedule, and time-phased budget.Previously called a Cost Account Plan.Control Chart [Tool]控制图 A graphic display of process data overtime and against established controllimits, and that has a centerline that assistsin detecting a trend of plotted valuestoward either control limit.Control Limits 控制范围The area composed of three standarddeviations on either side of the centerline,or mean, of a normal distribution of dataplotted on a control chart that reflects theexpected variation in the data. See alsospecification limits.Controlling 控制See control.Corrective Action 纠正措施Documented direction for executing theproject work to bring expected futureperformance of the project work in linewith the project management plan.Cost 成本The monetary value or price of a projectactivity* or component that includes themonetary worth of the resources requiredto perform and complete the activity orcomponent, or to produce the component.A specific cost can be composed of acombination of cost componentsincluding direct labor hours, other directcosts, indirect labor hours, other indirectcosts, and purchased price. (However, inthe earned value managementmethodology, in some instances, the termcost can represent only labor hourswithout conversion to monetary worth.)See also actual cost and estimate.Cost Baseline 成本基线See baseline.Cost Budgeting [Process]成本预算The process of aggregating the estimatedcosts of individual activities or workpackages to establish a cost baseline. Cost Control [Process]成本控制The process of influencing the factors thatcreate variances, and controlling changesto the project budget.Cost Estimating [Process]成本估算The process of developing anapproximation of the cost of the resourcesneeded to complete project activities*.Cost Management Plan [Output/Input]成本管理计划The document that sets out the format andestablishes the activities and criteria forplanning, structuring, and controlling theproject costs. A cost management plancan be formal or informal, highly detailedor broadly framed, based on therequirements of the project stakeholders.The cost management plan is containedin, or is a subsidiary plan, of the projectmanagement plan.Cost of Quality (COQ) [Technique]质量成本Determining the costs incurred to ensurequality. Prevention and appraisal costs(cost of conformance) include costs forquality planning, quality control (QC),and quality assurance to ensurecompliance to requirements (i.e., training,QC systems, etc.). Failure costs (cost ofnon-conformance) include costs to reworkproducts, components, or processes thatare non-compliant, costs of warranty work and waste, and loss of reputation.Cost Performance Index (CPI)成本绩效系数 A measure of cost efficiency on a project. Itis the ratio of earned valu e (EV) to actualcosts (AC). CPI = EV divided by AC. Avalue equal to or greater than one indicatesa favorable condition and a value less thanone indicates an unfavorable condition.Cost-Plus-Fee (CPF)成本加附加费 A type of cost reimbursable contract wherethe buyer reimburses the seller for seller’sallowable costs for performing the contractwork and seller also receives a feecalculated as an agreed upon percentage ofthe costs. The fee varies with the actualcost.Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) Contract 成本加固定附加费合同A type of cost-reimbursable contractwhere the buyer reimburses the seller forthe seller’s allowable costs (allowablecosts are defined by the contract) plus afixed amount of profit (fee).Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF) Contract 成本加奖励合同A type of cost-reimbursable contractwhere the buyer reimburses the seller forthe seller’s allowable costs (allowablecosts are defined by the contract), and theseller earns its profit if it meets definedperformance criteria.Cost-Plus-Percentage of Cost (CPPC) 成本加成本比率合同See cost-plus-fee.Cost-Reimbursable Contract 成本偿还合同 A type of contract involving payment(reimbursement) by the buyer to the sellerfor the seller’s actual costs, plus a feetypically representing seller’s profit. Costsare usually classified as direct costs orindirect costs. Direct costs are costsincurred for the exclusive benefit of theproject, such as salaries of full-timeproject staff. Indirect costs, also calledoverhead and general and administrativecost, are costs allocated to the project bythe performing organization as a cost ofdoing business, such as salaries ofmanagement indirectly involved in theproject, and cost of electric utilities for theoffice. Indirect costs are usuallycalculated as a percentage of direct costs.Cost-reimbursable contracts often includeincentive clauses where, if the sellermeets or exceeds selected projectobjectives, such as schedule targets ortotal cost, then the seller receives from thebuyer an incentive or bonus payment. Cost Variance (CV) 成本偏差 A measure of cost performance on aproject. It is the algebraic differencebetween earned value (EV) and actualcost (AC). CV = EV minus AC. Apositive value indicates a favorablecondition and a negative value indicatesan unfavorable condition.Crashing [Technique]压缩、赶工 A specific type of project schedulecompression technique performed bytaking action to decrease the total projectschedule duration* after analyzing anumber of alternatives to determine howto get the maximum schedule durationcompression for the least additional cost.Typical approaches for crashing aschedule include reducing scheduleactivity durations and increasing theassignment of resources on scheduleactivities. See schedule compression andsee also fast tracking.Create WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) [Process]创建工作分解结构The process of subdividing the majorproject deliverables and project work intosmaller, more manageable components.Criteria 准则（标准）Standards, rules, or tests on which ajudgment or decision can be based, or bywhich a product, service, result, orprocess can be evaluated.Critical Activity 关键活动Any schedule activity on a critical path ina project schedule. Most commonlydetermined by using the critical pathmethod. Although some activities are“critical,” in the dictionary sense, withoutbeing on the critical path, this meaning isseldom used in the project context.Critical Chain Method [Technique]关键链法 A schedule network analysis technique*that modifies the project schedule toaccount for limited resources. The criticalchain method mixes deterministic and probabilistic approaches to schedule network analysis.Critical Path [Output/Input]关键路径Generally, but not always, the sequence ofschedule activities that determines theduration of the project. Generally, it is thelongest path through the project.However, a critical path can end, as anexample, on a schedule milestone that isin the middle of the project schedule andthat has a finish-no-later-than imposeddate schedule constraint. See also criticalpath method.Critical Path Method (CPM) [Technique]关键路径法 A schedule network analysis technique*used to determine the amount ofscheduling flexibility (the amount offloat) on various logical network paths inthe project schedule network, and todetermine the minimum total projectduration. Early start and finish dates* arecalculated by means of a forward pass,using a specified start date. Late start andfinish dates* are calculated by means of abackward pass, starting from a specifiedcompletion date, which sometimes is theproject early finish date determinedduring the forward pass calculation.Current Finish Date 当前结束日期The current estimate of the point in timewhen a schedule activity will becompleted, where the estimate reflectsany reported work progress. See alsoscheduled finish date and baseline finishdate.Current Start Date 当前开始日期The current estimate of the point in timewhen a schedule activity will begin, wherethe estimate reflects any reported workprogress. See also scheduled start dateand baseline start date.Customer 顾客、客户The person or organization that will usethe project’s product or service or result.(See also user).Data Date (DD) 数据日期The date up to or through which theproject’s reporting system has providedactual status and accomplishments. In。

项目管理专业术语中英文对照表

项目管理专业术语中英文对照表验收- (Acceptance)指客户检查接受项目交付物的进程。

活动- (Activity)指在项目中的任何消耗资源（人力、物理和设施）、产生相应本钱而且生产出一项或多项产品的进程。

活动通常会在项目工作分解结构（WBS）中明确展示。

现货- (Actuals)指项目或其他活动中的实际本钱和消耗。

这是一个测量值，通常会被用来与计划或预期值做比较。

假设- (Assumption)预先接受为正确但缺乏证据的事物或概念。

假设通常会发生在项目计划阶段而且被用来作为估算的基础。

应当将所有的假设都记录下来；若是某假设在后期被证明不正确，可以对计划和估算做出相应地调整。

基线- (Baseline)基线是一个快照：一个被记录在案的项目所处位置或状态。

虽然项目所处的位置以后可能会被更新，但基线始终维持不变，并可被作为原始状态的参照与当前项目位置的对照。

基线产品，例如软件系统，应当被永久地记录在案，以便于在未来的任何时间召回。

预算- (Budget)经分派的、用于执行项目工作的款额及其他资源。

商业论证- (Business Case)指启动和继续一个项目的原因和依据。

商业论证应当概念出项目可产生的商业及其他收益，和项目的本钱和时长。

商业论证同时还指出如何衡量项目的成功商业需求- (Business Requirements)指的是利益相关者对完成项目的商业要求。

在项目起始阶段，商业需求处于较高品级，但随着项目的发展，这些需求被不断地提炼并最终被细致地记录在正式的文件中。

变更控制- (Change Control)指依照计划的范围、工期和预算来管理控制变更。

在小型项目中变更控制可能采用非书面的、非正式的方式，可是在大型项目中，变更控制意味着一个牵涉很多项目利益相关者的、正式的进程（变更控制委员会）变更控制委员会- (Change Control Board (CCB))由利益相关者组成的集体，负责批准或否决对项目基线的变更。

项目管理术语英汉对照表

项目管理术语英汉对照表项目管理翻译词汇目录[隐藏]1 A2 B3 C4 D5 E6 F7 G8 H9 I10 J11 K12 L13 M14 N15 O16 P17 Q18 R19 S20 T21 U22 V23 W24 Y25 Z[编辑]AAbstract Resource 抽象资源Abstraction 抽象Acceleration 加速Acceptability Criteria 验收标准Acceptable Quality Level ("AQL") 可接受质量水平Acceptance 验收Acceptance Criteria 验收标准Acceptance Letters 验收函Acceptance Number 接受数目Acceptance Review 验收评审Acceptance Test 验收测试Acquisition Methods 采购式Acquisition Negotiations 采购谈判Acquisition Plan 采购计划Acquisition Plan Review ("APR") 采购计划评审Acquisition Planning 采购计划编制Acquisition Process 采购过程Acquisition Strategy 采购策略Action 行动Action Item 行动项Action Item Flags 行动项标记Action Plan 行动计划Activation 激活Active Listening 积极倾听Activity Arrow Net 活动箭线网络Activity Based Costing ("ABC") 基于活动的成本核算Activity Based Management ("ABM") 基于活动的管理Activity Calendar 活动日历Activity Code 活动代码Activity Definition 活动定义Activity Description 活动描述Activity Duration 活动工期活动持续时间Activity Duration Estimating 活动工期估算Activity Elaboration 活动详述Activity File 活动档案Activity ID 活动识别码Activity List 活动清单Activity Node Net 活动节点网络双代号网络Activity on Arc ("AOA") 弧线表示活动双代号网络Activity on Arrow ("AOA") 箭线表示活动双代号网络Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络Activity Oriented 面向活动Activity Oriented Schedule 面向活动的进度计划Activity Properties 活动属性Activity Quantities 活动量值Activity Status 活动状态Activity Timing 活动定时Actor 执行者角色Actual 实际的Actual and Scheduled Progress 实际进展的与计划进度Actual Cost 实际成本Actual Cost Data Collection 实际成本汇总Actual Costs 实际费用Actual Dates 实际日期Actual Direct Costs 实际直接成本Actual Expenditures 实际的支出Actual Finish 实际完成Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期Actual Start 实际开始Actual Start Date 实际开始日期ACWP 已完成工作实际成本See Actual Cost of Work PerformedAdaptation 适应Added value 附加价值Addendum 附录Adequacy 适当Adjourning 解散Adjustment 调节ADMArrow Diagram MethodADM Project ADM 项目Administration 管理部门Administrative 行政的Administrative Change 行政变更Administrative Management 行政管理ADPAutomated Data ProcessingADRAlternative Dispute ResolutionAdvanced Material Release ("AMR") 材料提前发布AFActual Finish DateAFEApplication for ExpenditureAuthority for ExpenditureAffect 影响Affected Parties 受影响Agency 代理Agenda 议程Aggregation 汇总Agreement 协议Agreement, legal 协议合同ALAPAs-Late-As-PossibleAlgorithm 算法Alignment 排列成行Alliance 联合Allocated Baseline 分配的基线Allocated Requirements 分配需求Allocation 分配Allowable Cost 允成本Allowance 预留Alternate Resource 替代资源Alternative Analysis 替代分析Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") 替代争议解决案Alternatives 可选案Ambiguity 含糊不清Amendment 修订Amount at Stake 损失量AMR 材料提前公布Analysis 分析Analysis and Design 分析与设计Analysis Time 分析期Analyst 分析员AND Relationship 与关系Anecdotal 轶事Anticipated Award Cost 预期中标价AOAActivity on ArrowActivity on ArcAONActivity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络AOQAverage Outgoing Quality 平均出厂质量AOQLAverage Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出厂质量限度APMAArea of Project Management Application 项目管理的应用领域Apparent Low Bidder 最低投标人Application 应用Application Area 应用领域Application for Expenditure ("AFE") 支出申请Application for Expenditure Justification 支出申请的论证Application Programs 应用程序Applied Direct Costs 实际直接成本Apportioned Effort 分摊努力Apportioned Task 分摊任务Appraisal 评估Approach 法Appropriation 拨款Approval 批准Approval to Proceed 批准继续Approve 同意Approved Bidders List 批准的投标人清单Approved Changes 批准的变更Approved Project Requirements 批准的项目需求APRAcquisition Plan ReviewAQLAcceptable Quality LevelArbitrary 随意的Arbitration 仲裁Arc 弧线Architectural Baseline 构架基线Architectural View 构架视图Architecture 构架Architecture, executable 构架可执行Archive 档案文件Archive Plan 存档计划Area of Project ApplicationArea of Project Management ApplicationArea of Project Management Application ("APMA") 项目管理的应用领域Arrow 箭线Arrow Diagram Method ("ADM") 箭线图法Arrow Diagramming 箭线图法Arrow Diagramming Method 箭线图法双代号网络图Artifact 制品Artificial 人工的ASActual Start DateASAPAs-Soon-As-PossibleAs-built Design 实际建造设计As-built document．tion 实际建造文档As-Built RecordsAs-Built Schedule 实际建造进度计划As-Late-As-Possible ("ALAP") 尽可能晚As-Needed 恰如所需As-of Date见Data Date.As-Performed Schedule 实际进度计划Assembly 组装件Assembly Sequence 组装顺序Assessment 评估Assets 资产Assignment 分配委派任务Associated Revenue 关联收益Association 关联关系As-Soon-As-Possible ("ASAP") 尽快Assumption 假设Assumptions 假设Assumptions List 假设清单Assurance 保证Assurance Program见Quality Assurance Program.ATP见Acceptance Test Procedure Attitude 态度Attribute 属性Attrition 损耗Audit 审核审计Authoritarian 独裁的Authoritative 权威的Authority 权威权力Authority for Expenditure ("AFE") 开支权Authorization 授权见ApprovalAuthorize 批准Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作Authorized Work 批准的工作Authorized Works 批准的工作Automated Data Processing ("ADP") 自动化数据处理Automatic Decision Event 自动决策事件Automatic Generation 自动生成Automatic Test Equipment 自动测试设备AUW见Authorized Unpriced WorkAuxiliary Ground Equipment 辅助场地设备Availability 可用性Average Outgoing Quality ("AOQ") 平均出厂质量Average Outgoing Quality Limit ("AOQL") 平均出厂质量限度Average Sample Size Curve 平均样本规模曲线Avoidance 避免Award 授予Award Fee 奖金Award Letter 中标函[编辑]BBAC 完工预算Budget at CompletionBaseline at CompletionBack Charge 逆向计费Backcharge 逆向收费Backward Pass 倒推法/反向计算Bad Debts 坏帐Balance 余额权衡Balanced Matrix 平衡矩阵Balanced Scorecard 平衡记分卡Balanced Scorecard Approach ("BSA") 平衡记分卡法Bank 储备Banking 储备Bar Chart 横道图Bargaining 讨价还价交涉Bargaining Power 讨价还价权力交涉权力Barriers 障碍Base 基础基数Baseline 基线基准Baseline at Completion ("BAC") 完成/完工基线Baseline Concept 基线概念Baseline Control 基线控制Baseline Cost 基线成本Baseline Dates 基线日期Baseline Finish Date 基线完成日期Baseline Management 基线管理Baseline Plan 基线计划基准计划Baseline Review 基线评审Baseline Schedule 基线进度计划Baseline Start Date 基线开始日期Baseline, budget 基线预算Baseline, business 基线商业Baseline, cost estimate 基线费用估算Baseline, technical 基线技术Basis of Estimate 估算根据Batch 批量Batch Operation 批运行/批处理BATNABest Alternative to Negotiated Agreement BCMBusiness Change ManagerBCWPBudgeted Cost of Work PerformedBCWSBudgeted Cost of Work ScheduledBECElapsed CostBehavior 行为/反应Behavior Analysis 行为分析Benchmark 基准Benchmarking 标竿管理Beneficial Occupancy/Use 有益的占用/使用Benefits 效益Benefits Framework 效益框架Benefits Management 效益管理Benefits Management Plan 效益管理计划Benefits Management Regime 效益管理制度Benefits Profiles 效益简述Benefits Realization Phase 效益实现阶段Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement ("BATNA") 协议外最佳案BATNABest and Final Contract Offer 最佳及最终合同报价Best and Final Offer 最佳及最终报价Best Efforts Contract 最大努力合同Best Practices 最佳实践Best value 最佳值Beta Distribution 贝塔发布Beta Test 贝塔测试Beta testing 贝塔测试Bid 投标Bid Analysis 投标分析Bid Bond 投标保证金Bid Cost Considerations 投标成本补偿费Bid document．nbspPreparation 招标文件准备Bid document．招标文件Bid Evaluation 评标Bid List 投标人清单Bid Package 标段标块Bid Protests 投标抗议/拒付Bid Qualifications 投标资质Bid Response 投标响应Bid Technical Consideration 投标技术因素Bid Time Consideration 投标中的时间因素Bid/No Bid Decision 投标/不投标决策Bidder 投标人Bidders Conference 投标人会议Bidders List 投标人Bidders Source Selection 投标人来源选择Bidding 投标Bidding Strategy 投标策略Bill 帐单Bill of Materials 材料清单Bills of Materials 材料清单Blanket Purchase Agreement ("BPA") 一揽子采购协议Blueprint 蓝图/计划设计图Board 委员会Boiler Plate 样板文件Bona Fide 真诚真实Bond 担保Bonus 奖金Bonus Schemes 奖励计划Booking Rates 预提费率BOOTBuild, Own, Operate, TransferBottom Up Cost Estimate 自下而上成本估算Bottom Up Cost Estimating 自下而上成本估算Bottom Up Estimating 自下而上估算Boundary 边界BPABlanket Purchase AgreementBPRBusiness Process ReengineeringBrainstorming 头脑风暴法Branching Logic 分支逻辑关系Breach of Contract 违约Breadboarding 实验模型Break Even 盈亏平衡Breakdown 分解Breakdown Structure 分解结构Break-Even Chart 盈亏平衡图Break-Even Charts 盈亏平衡图Break-Even Point 盈亏平衡点Bribe 贿赂BSABalanced Scorecard ApproachBuck Passing 完全通过/推卸责任Budget 预算Budget at Completion ("BAC") 完工预算BACBudget Cost 预算成本Budget Costs 预算成本预算费用Budget Decrement 预算消耗Budget Element 预算要素Budget Estimate 预算估算Budget Presentation 预算介绍Budget Revision 预算修订Budget Unit 预算单位Budgetary Control 预算性控制Budgeted 已安排预算的Budgeted Cost of Work Performed ("BCWP") 已完工作预算成本BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled ("BCWS") 计划工作的预算成本Budgeting 制定预算Budgeting & Cost Management 预算制定与成本管理Build 建设构造Build, Own, Operate, Transfer ("BOOT") 建造拥有经营转让Buildability 建造能力Building 建筑物Building Professionalism 建设专业化Build-to document．tion 建成文档Built-in Test Equipment 置测试设备Bulk Material 大宗材料Burden 间接费用负担Burden of Proof 举证费Bureaucracy 官僚制度Burn Rate 消耗速度Burst Node 分支点Business Actor 业务参与者/角色Business Appraisal 商业评估Business Area 业务领域Business Assurance 商业保证Business Assurance Coordinator 商业保证协调人Business Case 商业案例Business Change Manager ("BCM") 商业变更经理BCM Business Creation 商业创新Business Engineering 商业工程Business Imperative 商业需要Business Improvement 业务改进Business Manager 商务经理商业经理Business Modeling 业务建模Business Needs 商业需求Business Objectives 商业目标Business Operations 业务运作Business Process 业务流程Business Process Engineering 业务流程工程Business Process Reengineering ("BPR") 业务流程重组Business Processes 业务流程Business Risk 商业风险Business Rule 商业规则Business Transition Plan 业务转换计划Business Unit 业务单位Buyer 买Buyer's Market 买市场Buy-In 支持认同买进Bypassing 回避[编辑]CC/SCSCCost/Schedule Control System Criteria C/SSRCost/Schedule Status ReportCAControl AccountCADComputer Aided Drafting Computer Aided DesignCalculate Schedule 估算进度安排Calculation 计算Calendar 日历Calendar File 日历文件Calendar Range 日历围Calendar Start Date 日历开始日期Calendar Unit 日历单位Calendar, Software 日历软件Calendars 日历集Calibration 校准CAMCost Account ManagerComputer Aided Manufacturing Control Account ManagerCAPCost Account PlanControl Account PlanCapability 能力Capability Survey 能力调查Capital 资本Capital Appropriation 资本划拨Capital Asset 资本资产Capital Cost 资本成本Capital Employed 占用的资本Capital Expansion Projects 资本扩展项目Capital Goods Project 资本货物项目Capital Property 资本财产CARCapital Appropriation RequestCards-on-the-wall Planning 墙卡规划法Career 职业Career Path Planning 职业路线规划Career Planning 职业规划Career Path Planning.Carryover Type 1 结转类型1 Carryover Type 2 结转类型2 Cascade Chart 层叠图CASEComputer Aided Software Engineering Computer Aided System Engineering Cash 现金Cash Flow 现金流Cash Flow Analysis 现金流分析Cash Flow Management 现金流管理Cash Flow, Net 现金流净值Cash In 现金流入Cash Out 现金支出Catalyst 催化者Catch-up Alternatives 赶上计划的备选案Causation 起因Cause 动因CBDComponent-Based Development CBSCost Breakdown StructureCCBChange Control BoardCCDRContractor Cost Data ReportCDRCritical Design ReviewCentral Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理单元Centralized 集中的Certain 确定的Certainty.Certainty 确定性Certificate of Conformance 一致性认证Certification 认证Chain 链Challenge 挑战Champion 推动者支持者Change 变更变化变革Change Control 变更控制Change Control Board (CCB) 变更管理委员会Change document．tion 变更文档Change in Scope 工作围变化Change Log 变更日志Change Management 变更管理Change Management Plan 变更管理计划Change Notice 变更通知Change Order 变更通知单Changed Conditions 变更的条款Characteristic 特性Chart 图表Chart of Accounts 会计科目表Chart Room 图表室Charter 章程Checking 检查Checklist 检查清单Checkpoint 检查点Checkpoints 检查点集Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官Child 子项Child Activity 子活动CIConfiguration ItemClaim 索赔Clarification 澄清Class 类Classes 类Classification 分类Classification of Defects 缺陷的分类Clearance Number 净空数Client 客户Client Environment 客户环境Client Quality Services 客户质量服务Closed Projects 已收尾的项目Closeout 收尾Closeout Report 收尾报告Closeout, phase 收尾阶段Closing 终止Closure 收尾CMConfiguration Management Construction Management Coaching 教练Code 代码Code and Unit Test 编码和单元测试Code of Accounts 帐目编码Coding 编码Collaboration 协作Collapsing 折叠Collective 集体的Commercial 商务的Commercial Item Description 商务描述Commission and Handover 委托和移交Commissioning 试运行Commissions and Bonuses 酬金和奖金Commit 提交Commitment 承诺义务Commitment document．nbsp 承诺文件Commitment EstimateCommitment Package 承诺包Commitment to Objectives 对目标的承诺Committed Cost 已承担成本已承付成本Committed Costs 已承诺费用Common Carrier 公众运营商Communicating With Groups 与团队的沟通Communicating With Individuals 与个人的沟通Communication 沟通Communication Channels 沟通渠道Communication Plan, Strategic 沟通计划策略性的Communication Plan, Tactical 沟通计划--战术性的Communication Room 交流室Communications Management 沟通管理Communications Plan 沟通计划Communications Planning 沟通规划编制Community 社团Company 公司Comparison 对比Compatibility 兼容性Compensation 补偿Compensation and Evaluation 补偿和评价Competence 能力Competency 能力Competition 竞争Compile 编译Compile Time 编译时Complete 完成Completed Activity 已完成的活动Completed Units 完工单元Completion 完工Completion Date 完成日期Complex 复杂的Component 构件组件Component Integration and Test 组件集成和测试Component-Based Development ("CBD") 基于构件的开发Components 组件Compound Risk 复合风险Compromise 折衷Compromising, in negotiating 折衷谈判Computer 计算机Computer Aided Design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) 计算机辅助制图Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 计算机辅助制造Computer Cost Applications 计算机化的成本管理应用Computer Hardware 计算机硬件Computer Modeling 计算机建模Computer Program Configuration Item 计算机程序配置项Computer Software 计算机软件Computer Software Component 计算机软件组件Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI) 计算机软件配置项Computer Software document．tion 计算机软件文档Computer Software Unit 计算机软件单元Computer-Aided 计算机辅助的Computerized Information Storage, Reference and Retrieval 计算机化的信息存储定位和检索Concept 概念Concept Definition document．概念定义文档Concept Phase 概念阶段Concept Study 概念研究Conception Phase 概念形成阶段Conceptual 概念性的Conceptual Budgeting 概念性预算Conceptual Design 概念性设计Conceptual Development 概念性开发Conceptual Project Planning 概念性项目计划Concession 让步Concession Making, in negotiating 谈判中的让步Conciliatory 调和的Concluding 终决的Conclusions 结论Concurrency 并发性Concurrent 并发事件Concurrent Delays 并行延迟Concurrent Engineering 并行工程Concurrent Tasks 并行任务Conditional Risk 条件风险Conditions 条件条款Conducting 执行Confidence Level 信心等级Configuration 配置Configuration Audit 配置审核Configuration Breakdown 配置分解Configuration Control 配置控制Configuration Control Board 配置控制委员会Configuration Identification 配置识别Configuration Item Acceptance Review 配置项验收评审Configuration Item Verification 配置项验证Configuration Item Verification Procedures 配置项验证程序Configuration Management 配置管理Configuration Management Board 配置管理委员会Configuration Relationships 配置关系Configuration Status Accounting 配置状态统计Conflict 冲突Conflict Management 冲突管理Conflict Resolution 冲突解决案Conformance to Requirements 与需求的一致性Confrontation 积极面对Consensus 一致同意Consensus Decision Process 集体决策过程Consent 同意Consequences 后果Consideration 对价Considerations 对价需要考虑的事项Consolidate 合并Consortium 联盟Constituents 涉众Constraint 约束条件Constraint, project constraint 约束条件对项目的约束Constraints 约束条件Constructability 施工能力Construction 施工构造建造建筑Construction Contractor 施工承包商Construction Cost 施工成本Construction Management ("CM") 施工管理Construction Manager 施工经理Construction Stage 施工阶段Construction Work 施工工作Construction-Oriented 以施工为导向的Constructive Challenge 建设性质询Constructive Change 建设性变更Consultant 咨询顾问Consulting 咨询Consumable Resource 可消耗资源Consumables 消费性物资Contemplated Change Notice 预期变更通知Contending, in negotiating 争论在谈判中Content 容Content Type 容类型Context 背景Contingencies 不可预见费应急费用Contingency 不可预见费应急费用Contingency Allowance 应急补助Contingency Budget Procedure 不可预见费用预算程序Contingency Plan 意外事件计划Contract Package 合同包Contract Performance Control 合同履行控制Contract Plan 合同计划Contract Pre-award Meetings 合同预授予会议Contract Quality Requirements 合同质量要求Contract Requirements 合同要求Contract Risk 合同风险Contract Risk Analysis 合同风险分析Contract Signing 合同签署Contract Strategy 合同战略Contract Target Cost (CTC) 合同目标成本Contract Target Price (CTP) 合同目标价格Contract Type 合同分类Contract Types 合同类型Contract Work Breakdown Structure (CWBS) 合同工作分解结构Contract/Procurement Management 合同/采购管理Contracting 签订合同Contractor 承包商Contractor Claims Release 承包商索赔豁免Contractor Cost Data Report (CCDR) 承包商成本数据报告Contractor Evaluation 承包商评估Contractor Furnished Equipment 承包商供应的设备Contractor Project Office 承包商项目办公室Contractor Short Listing 承包商短列表Contractor's Performance Evaluation 承包商的绩效评价Contractual 合同的Contractual Conditions 合同条款Contractual/Legal Requirements 合同的/法律上的要求Contributed value 贡献价值Contribution Analysis 贡献分析Control 控制Control Account (CA) 控制帐目Control Account Manager (CAM) 控制帐目经理Control Account Plan (CAP) 控制帐目计划Control and Coordination 控制和协调Control Chart 控制表Control Cycle 控制期Control Gate 控制关口控制关卡Control Loop 控制回路Control Point 控制点Control Requirements 控制必要条件要求Control System 控制系统Control Theory 控制论Controllable Risks 可控风险Controlling 控制参看Project ControlControlling Relationship 控制关系Coordinated Matrix 协调型的矩阵Coordination 协调Coordinator 协调员Corporate 公司Corporate Administration and Finance 公司行政和财务Corporate Budget. 公司预算Corporate Business Life Cycle 公司商务生命期Corporate Constraints 公司限制因素Corporate Data Bank 公司数据库Corporate Management 公司管理Corporate Memory 公司记忆库Corporate Philosophy 公司价值体系, 公司哲学Corporate Planning 公司计划编制Corporate Project Management 公司项目管理Corporate Project Strategy 公司项目战略Corporate Quality Standards 公司质量标准Corporate Resources 公司资源Corporate Responsibility Matrix 公司责任矩阵Corporate Standards 公司标准Corporate Supervision 公司监管Corporation 公司Correction 纠正Corrective Action 纠正措施Correlation 相关性Cost 成本Cost Account 成本帐目Cost Account Breakdown 成本帐目分解Cost Account Manager (CAM) 成本帐目经理Cost Account Plan (CAP) 成本帐目计划Cost Accumulation Methods 成本累加法Cost Analysis 成本分析Cost Applications 成本应用Cost Avoidance 成本规避Cost Baseline 成本基线Cost Benefit 成本效益Cost Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构Cost Budgeting 成本预算Cost Ceiling 封顶成本成本上限Cost Ceiling Bracket 成本上限围Cost Center 成本中心Cost Check 成本检查Cost Classes 成本类别Cost Code 成本代码Cost Codes 成本代码Cost Control 成本控制Cost Control Point 成本控制点Cost Control System 成本控制系统Cost Curve 成本曲线Cost Distribution 成本分摊Cost Effective 成本效率成本有效的Cost Element 成本元素Cost Engineering 成本工程Cost Envelope 成本区域Cost Estimate 成本估算Cost Estimate Classification System 成本估算分类系统Cost Estimating 成本估算Cost Estimating Relationship 成本估算关系Cost Forecast 成本预测Cost Forecasting 成本预测Cost Growth 成本增长Cost Incurred 已发生成本Cost Index 成本指数Cost Indices 成本指数表Cost Input 成本投入Cost Management 成本管理Cost Model 成本模型Cost of Money 资金成本Cost of Quality 质量成本Cost Overrun 成本超支Cost Performance Baseline 成本绩效基线Cost Performance Index (CPI) 成本绩效指数Cost Performance Indicator (CPI) 成本绩效指数Cost Performance Measurement Baseline 成本绩效度量基线Cost Performance Ratio (CPR) 成本绩效比率Cost Performance Report (CPR) 成本绩效报告Cost Plan 成本计划Cost Plus 成本补偿Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract ("CPFF") 成本加固定费用合同Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract ("CPIFC") 成本加奖励费用合同Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract ("CPPC") 成本加成本百分比合同Cost Reimbursable Contract 成本补偿合同费用可偿还合同Cost Reimbursement 成本补偿Cost Reimbursement Type Contracts 成本补偿型合同Cost Reviews 成本评审Cost Savings 成本节约Cost Sharing Contract 成本共享合同Cost Status 成本状态Cost to Complete 竣工尚需成本Cost to Complete Forecast 竣工所需成本预测Cost Types 成本类型Cost Variance ("CV") 成本偏差Cost/Schedule Status Report ("C/SSR") 成本/进度状态报告Cost-Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析Costed Work Breakdown Structure 带成本信息的工作分解结构Cost-Effectiveness 成本效果分析法Costing 成本核算Costing Systems 成本核算系统Cost-Time Resource Sheet (CTR) 成本时间资源表Counseling 指导Countermeasures 对策CPFFCCost Plus Fixed Fee ContractCPICost Performance IndexCost Performance IndicatorCPIF 成本加奖励费用合同Cost Plus Incentive Fee ContractCPIFCCost Plus Incentive Fee ContractCPMCritical Path MethodCPNCritical Path NetworkCPPCCost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract CPRCost Performance RatioCost Performance ReportCPUCentral Processing UnitCRChange RequestCraft 技艺Crash Costs 赶工成本Crash Duration 赶工工期Crashing 赶工Creativity 创造力Credit 赊欠信誉Credited Resource 已授予的资源Crisis 危机Criteria 标准指标Criterion 标准指标Critical 关键的Critical Activity 关键活动Critical Chain 关键链Critical Defect 关键性缺陷Critical Defective 有关键缺陷的产品Critical Design Review 关键设计评审Critical Event 关键事件Critical Factors 关键因素Critical Path 关键路径Critical Path Analysis 关键路径分析Critical Path Method (CPM) 关键路径法Critical Path Network (CPN) 关键路径网络图Critical Performance Indicator 关键绩效指标Critical Ratio 临界比关键比率Critical Sequence 关键工序Critical Sequence Analysis 关键工序分析Critical Subcontractor 关键分包商Critical Success Factors (CSF) 关键的成功因素Critical Task 关键任务Critical Work Item 关键工作项Criticality Index 关键指数Cross Organizational 交叉型组织跨组织的Cross References 交叉参照Cross-Stage Plan 交叉阶段计划CSCIComputer Software Configuration ItemCSFCritical Success FactorsCTCContract Target CostCTPContract Target PriceCTRCost-Time Resource SheetCulture 文化Culture, organizational 文化组织文化Cumulative Cost-to-Date 到目前为止的累计成本Cumulative S Curve 累计S 曲线Currency Conversion 货币兑换Current Budget 当前预算Current Date Line 当前日期线Current Finish Date 当前完成日期Current FY Budget Allocation 当前财政年的预算分配Current Start Date 当前开始日期Current Status 当前状态Current Year 当年Custom Duty and Tax 海关关税Customer 客户Customer Acceptance Criteria 客户验收标准Customer Furnished Equipment 客户提供的设备Customer Perspective 客户观点Customer/Client Personnel 客户的职员Cutoff Date 移交日期Cutover 移交CVCost VarianceCWBSContract Work Breakdown StructureCybernetics 控制论Cycle 期Cycle Time 期[编辑]DDamages 损害赔偿金Dangle 悬空活动Data 数据Data Application 数据应用Data Collection 数据收集Data Date ("DD") 数据日期Data Entry Clerk 数据录入员Data Item Description ("DID") 工作项描述Data Processing 数据处理Data Refinements 数据改进Data Type 数据类型Data Structure Organization 数据结构组织Database 数据库Database Administrator ("DBA") 数据库管理员Database Management System ("DBMS") 数据库管理系统Date of Acceptance 验收日期Day Work Account 日常工作帐户DBA”Database Administrator"DBM”Dynamic Baseline Model"DBMS”Database Management System"DCE”Distributed Computing Environment"DCF”Discounted Cash Flow"DD”Data Date"Deactivation Plan 惰性化计划Deactivation Procedures 惰性化流程Debriefing 投标反馈听取情况汇报情况Decentralized 分散的Decision 决策Decision document．tion 决策文档Decision Event 决策事件Decision Making 制定决策Decision Making Process 决策过程Decision Support System 决策支持系统Decision Theory 决策论Decision Tree 决策树Decision Trees 决策树组Decomposing 分解Decomposition 分解Default 违约Default values 默认值Defect 缺陷Defective 缺陷产品Defects-Per-Hundred-Units 每百个单元有缺陷的数量Deficiency 缺陷Deficiency List 缺陷清单Definition 定义Definition Phase 定义阶段Definitive 确定性的Definitive Estimate 确定性估算Deflection 风险转移Degradation 降级Delay 延期Delay, compensable 补偿性延期Delaying Resource 资源延期Delegating 授权Delegation 授权Deliberate Decision Event 预先准备的决策事件Deliverable 可交付成果,可交付物Deliverable Breakdown Structure 可交付物分解结构Deliverable Deadline 可交付物的终止期限Deliverables 可交付成果可交付物Deliverables Management 交付物管理Delivery 交付Delphi Technique 德尔菲法Demonstrate 演示证明Demonstrated 已证明的Demonstrated Past Experience 已证明的过去经验Demonstration 演示Demonstration Review 演示评审Department 部门Departmental Budget 部门预算Dependability 可靠性Dependencies 依赖关系Dependency 活动之间的依赖关系Dependency Arrow 关系箭线Dependency Diagram 网络图前导网络图Dependency Links 依赖关系Dependency Management 依赖关系管理Deployment 部署Deployment Lessons Learned document．nbsp 部署的经验教训文档Deployment Plan 部署计划Deployment Procedures 部署流程Deployment Readiness Review 部署准备评审Deployment View 部署视图Depreciation 折旧Descriptive 描述性的Design 设计Design & Development Phase 设计和开发阶段Design Alternatives 设计备选案Design Appraisal 设计评估Design Authority 设计权威Design Baseline 基准设计Design Bid Build 设计阶段投标的建立Design Brief 设计大纲Design Build 设计的建立包括设计和构造Design Concept 设计概念Design Contingency 设计应急费用Design Contract 设计合同Design Control 设计控制Design Development 设计开发Design Management 设计管理Design Management Plan 设计管理计划Design Model 设计模型Design of Experiment 试验设计Design Package 设计包Design Review 设计评审Design Subsystem 设计子系统Design Time 设计时间Design to Budget 按预算设计Design to Cost 按成本设计Design-to Specifications 按规设计Desirable Logic 合意逻辑Detail document．tion 详细的文档Detail Schedule 详细的进度安排Detailed Design 详细设计Detailed Design Stage 详细设计阶段Detailed Engineering 详细工程Detailed Planning 详细计划Detailed Plans 详细的计划Detailed Resource Plan 详细的资源计划Detailed Schedule 详细的进度安排Detailed Technical Plan 详细的技术计划Determination 决定决心Determine Least Cost for Maximum Results 确定可以获得最大收获的最小成本Deterministic 确定性的Deterministic Network 确定的网络图Developed Country 发达Developer 开发人员Developing Country 发展中Development 开发Development case 开发案例Development Phase 开发阶段Development Plan 开发计划Development process 开发过程Deviation 偏差Deviation Permit 允偏差Diagram 图DID”Data Item Description"Differences 偏差差异Differentials 差值Differing Site Conditions 不同的现场环境Direct Cost 直接成本Direct Cost Contingency 直接成本应急费用Direct Costs 直接成本Direct Labor 直接人工Direct Project Costs 直接项目成本费用Directing 指挥Direction 指导Directive 指示Director 主管总监Discipline 学科Discipline Maintenance 规矩的维护Discontinuous Activity 非连续的活动Discontinuous Processing 非连续的过程Discount Rate 贴现率折现率Discounted Cash Flow ("DCF") 折现现金流Discounting 折现Discrete Effort 离散工作Discrete Milestone 离散里程碑Discrete Task 离散任务Discrimination 歧视Discussion 讨论Display 显示Disposal of Materials 材料处置Dispute 辩论Disruption 破坏Disruptive 破坏性的Dissemination 分发Distinguishing Constraint 区分性的约束Distributed 分布式的Distributed Computing Environment ("DCE") 分布式计算环境Distributed Processing 分布式处理Distribution List 分发清单Distribution of Minutes 分发会议纪要Distribution, of information 信息分发Diversity 多样化Document 文档Document Control 文档控制Document Management 文档管理documentary 记录片Documentation 文档Documentation Change Notice 文档变更通知Documentation Requirements Description ("DRD") 文档要求说明书。

管理最常用术语英汉对照表

管理最常用术语英汉对照表目标mission/ objective 集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment计划planning 组织organizing人事staffing 领导leading控制controlling 步骤process原理principle 方法technique经理manager 总经理general manager行政人员administrator 主管人员supervisor企业enterprise 商业business产业industry 公司company效果effectiveness 效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science 生产率productivity激励motivate 动机motive法律law 法规regulation经济体系economic system 管理职能managerial function产品product 服务service利润profit 满意satisfaction归属affiliation 尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization 人力投入human input盈余surplus 收入income成本cost 资本货物capital goods机器machinery 设备equipment建筑building 存货inventory经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach 系统法the systems approach 随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学psychology 态度attitude压力pressure 冲突conflict招聘recruit 鉴定appraisal选拔select 培训train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority协调coordinate 业绩performance考绩制度merit system 表现behavior下级subordinate 偏差deviation检验记录inspection record 误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service策略strategy 结构structure领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear 忿恨resentment士气morale 解雇layoff批发wholesale 零售retail程序procedure 规则rule规划program 预算budget共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource 购买acquisition增长目标growth goal 专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival 晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision 商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy 开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure 病假sick leave休假vacation 工时labor-hour机时machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow 工资率wage rate税收率tax rate 股息dividend现金状况cash position 资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget 资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility 投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner 最终结果end result业绩performance 个人利益personal interest福利welfare 市场占有率market share创新innovation 生产率productivity利润率profitability 社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director 组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives评价工具appraisal tool 激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth优势strength 弱点weakness机会opportunity 威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy 政策policy灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification评估assessment 一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation价值value 抱负aspiration偏见prejudice 审查review批准approval 主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star 问号question mark现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog采购procurement 人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor 公司形象company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy 紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics追随followership 个性individuality性格personality 安全safety自主权latitude 悲观的pessimistic静止的static 乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic 灵活的flexible抵制resistance 敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation 潜意识subconscious地位status 情感affection欲望desire 压力pressure满足satisfaction 自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs维持maintenance 保健hygiene激励因素motivator 概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback奖金bonus 股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover 奖励reward特许经营franchise 热诚zeal信心confidence 鼓舞inspire要素ingredient 忠诚loyalty奉献devotion 作风style品质trait 适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness 热情enthusiasm毅力persistence 人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader 民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导free-rein leader 管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency 服从obedience领导行为leader behavior 支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership 指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership。

管理类名词中英文对照

管理类名词中英文对照5S : 5S管理ABC : 作业制成本制度(Activity-Based Costing)ABB : 实施作业制预算制度(Activity-Based Budgeting)ABM : 作业制成本管理(Activity-Base Management)APS : 先进规画与排程系统(Advanced Planning and Scheduling) ASP : 应用程序服务供货商（Application Service Provider）ATP : 可承诺量(Available To Promise)AVL : 认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List)BOM : 物料清单(Bill Of Material)BPR : 企业流程再造(Business Process Reengineering)BSC : 平衡记分卡(Balanced ScoreCard)BTF : 计划生产(Build To Forecast)BTO : 订单生产(Build To Order)CPM : 要径法(Critical Path Method)CPM : 每一百万个使用者会有几次抱怨(Complaint per Million)CRM : 客户关系管理(Customer Relationship Management)CRP : 产能需求规划(Capacity Requirements Planning)CTO : 客制化生产(Configuration To Order)DBR : 限制驱导式排程法(Drum-Buffer-Rope)DMT : 成熟度验证(Design Maturing Testing)DVT : 设计验证(Design Verification Testing)DRP : 运销资源计划(Distribution Resource Planning)DSS : 决策支持系统(Decision Support System)EC : 设计变更／工程变更(Engineer Change)EC : 电子商务(Electronic Commerce)ECRN : 原件规格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)EDI : 电子数据交换(Electronic Data Interchange)EIS : 主管决策系统(Executive Information System)EMC : 电磁相容(Electric Magnetic Capability)EOQ : 基本经济订购量(Economic Order Quantity)ERP : 企业资源规划(Enterprise Resource Planning)FAE : 应用工程师(Field Application Engineer)FCST : 预估(Forecast)FMS : 弹性制造系统(Flexible Manufacture System)FQC : 成品质量管理(Finish or Final Quality Control)IPQC: 制程质量管理(In-Process Quality Control)IQC : 进料质量管理(Incoming Quality Control)ISO : 国际标准组织(International Organization for Standardization) ISAR: 首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)JIT : 实时管理(Just In Time)KM ：知识管理(Knowledge Management)L4L : 逐批订购法(Lot-for-Lot)管理类名词中英文对照（二）LTC : 最小总成本法(Least Total Cost)LUC : 最小单位成本(Least Unit Cost)MES : 制造执行系统(Manufacturing Execution System)MO : 制令(Manufacture Order)MPS : 主生产排程(Master Production Schedule)MRO : 请修(购)单(Maintenance Repair Operation)MRP : 物料需求规划(Material Requirement Planning)MRPII : 制造资源计划(Manufacturing Resource Planning) NFCF : 更改预估量的通知Notice for Changing ForecastOEM : 委托代工(Original Equipment Manufacture)ODM : 委托设计与制造(Original Design & Manufacture)OLAP : 在线分析处理(On-Line Analytical Processing)OLTP : 在线交易处理(On-Line Transaction Processing)OPT : 最佳生产技术(Optimized Production Technology)OQC : 出货质量管理(Out-going Quality Control)PDCA : PDCA管理循环(Plan-Do-Check-Action)PDM : 产品数据管理系统(Product Data Management)PERT : 计划评核术(Program Evaluation and Review Technique) PO : 订单(Purchase Order)POH : 预估在手量(Product on Hand)PR : 采购申请Purchase RequestQA : 品质保证(Quality Assurance)QC : 质量管理(Quality Control)QCC : 品管圈(Quality Control Circle)QE : 品质工程(Quality Engineering)RCCP : 粗略产能规划(Rough Cut Capacity Planning)RMA : 退货验收Returned Material ApprovalROP : 再订购点(Re-Order Point)SCM : 供应链管理(Supply Chain Management)SFC : 现场控制(Shop Floor Control)SIS : 策略信息系统(Strategic Information System)SO : 订单(Sales Order)SOR : 特殊订单需求(Special Order Request)SPC : 统计制程管制(Statistic Process Control)TOC : 限制理论(Theory of Constraints)TPM : 全面生产管理Total Production ManagementTQC : 全面质量管理(Total Quality Control)TQM : 全面品质管理(Total Quality Management)WIP : 在制品(Work In Process)BP 业务流程外包business process outsourcing.EAI: 企业应用集成enterprise application integrationMIS: 管理信息系统management information system 。

管理学术语英文对照解释

包括定义目标，制定战略以获取目标，以及制定计划和协调活动的职能。
9、Organizing : 组织
Management function that involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them. How the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to them, and where decisions are to made.
指激励下属，影响工作中的个体或团队，选择最有效的沟通渠道，或者以任何方式处理雇员的行为问题的职能。
11、Controlling: 控制
Management function that involves monitoring actual performance ,comparing actual to standard, and taking action, if necessary.
处于或接近组织顶层，承担着制定广泛的组织决策,为整个组织制定计划和目标的责任。
5、Management :管理
The coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people
产业革命：机器动力的出现而带来的产量的增加及运输效率的提高。
3、Scientific management: 科学管理
The use of scientific method to determine the “one best way” for a job to be done.

项目管理术语英汉对照表

项目管理术语英汉对照表项目管理翻译词汇A∙Abstract Resource 抽象资源∙Abstraction 抽象∙Acceleration 加速∙Acceptability Criteria 验收标准∙Acceptable Quality Level ("AQL") 可接受质量水平∙Acceptance 验收∙Acceptance Criteria 验收标准∙Acceptance Letters 验收函∙Acceptance Number 接受数目∙Acceptance Review 验收评审∙Acceptance Test 验收测试∙Acquisition Methods 采购方式∙Acquisition Negotiations采购谈判∙Acquisition Plan采购计划∙Acquisition Plan Review ("APR") 采购计划评审∙Acquisition Planning 采购计划编制∙Acquisition Process 采购过程∙Acquisition Strategy 采购策略∙Action 行动∙Action Item 行动项∙Action Item Flags 行动项标记∙Action Plan 行动计划∙Activation 激活∙Active Listening 积极倾听∙Activity Arrow Net 活动箭线网络∙Activity Based Costing ("ABC") 基于活动的成本核算∙Activity Based Management ("ABM") 基于活动的管理∙Activity Calendar 活动日历∙Activity Code 活动代码∙Activity Definition活动定义∙Activity Description 活动描述∙Activity Duration 活动工期活动持续时间∙Activity Duration Estimating 活动工期估算∙Activity Elaboration 活动详述∙Activity File 活动档案∙Activity ID 活动识别码∙Activity List 活动清单∙Activity Node Net 活动节点网络双代号网络∙Activity on Arc ("AOA") 弧线表示活动双代号网络∙Activity on Arrow ("AOA") 箭线表示活动双代号网络∙Activity on Node节点表示活动单代号网络∙Activity Oriented 面向活动∙Activity Oriented Schedule 面向活动的进度计划∙Activity Properties 活动属性∙Activity Quantities 活动量值∙Activity Status 活动状态∙Activity Timing 活动定时∙Actor 执行者角色∙Actual 实际的∙Actual and Scheduled Progress 实际进展的与计划进度∙Actual Cost 实际成本∙Actual Cost Data Collection 实际成本汇总∙Actual Costs 实际费用∙Actual Dates 实际日期∙Actual Direct Costs 实际直接成本∙Actual Expenditures 实际的支出∙Actual Finish 实际完成∙Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期∙Actual Start 实际开始∙Actual Start Date 实际开始日期∙ACWP 已完成工作实际成本∙See Actual Cost of Work Performed∙Adaptation 适应∙Added value附加价值∙Addendum 附录∙Adequacy 适当∙Adjourning 解散∙Adjustment 调节∙ADM∙Arrow Diagram Method∙ADM Project ADM 项目∙Administration 管理部门∙Administrative 行政的∙Administrative Change 行政变更∙Administrative Management 行政管理∙ADP∙Automated Data Processing∙ADR∙Alternative Dispute Resolution∙Advanced Material Release ("AMR") 材料提前发布∙AF∙Actual Finish Date∙AFE∙Application for Expenditure∙Authority for Expenditure∙Affect 影响∙Affected Parties 受影响方∙Agency 代理∙Agenda 议程∙Aggregation 汇总∙Agreement 协议∙Agreement, legal 协议合同∙ALAP∙As-Late-As-Possible∙Algorithm 算法∙Alignment 排列成行∙Alliance 联合∙Allocated Baseline 分配的基线∙Allocated Requirements 分配需求∙Allocation 分配∙Allowable Cost允许成本∙Allowance 预留∙Alternate Resource 替代资源∙Alternative Analysis 替代分析∙Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") 替代争议解决方案∙Alternatives 可选方案∙Ambiguity 含糊不清∙Amendment 修订∙Amount at Stake 损失量∙AMR 材料提前公布∙Analysis 分析∙Analysis and Design 分析与设计∙Analysis Time 分析期∙Analyst 分析员∙AND Relationship 与关系∙Anecdotal 轶事∙Anticipated Award Cost 预期中标价∙AOA∙Activity on Arrow∙Activity on Arc∙AON∙Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络∙AOQ∙Average Outgoing Quality 平均出厂质量∙AOQL∙Average Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出厂质量限度∙APMA∙Area of Project Management Application 项目管理的应用领域∙Apparent Low Bidder 最低投标人∙Application 应用∙Application Area 应用领域∙Application for Expenditure ("AFE") 支出申请∙Application for Expenditure Justification 支出申请的论证∙Application Programs 应用程序∙Applied Direct Costs 实际直接成本∙Apportioned Effort 分摊努力∙Apportioned Task 分摊任务∙Appraisal 评估∙Approach 方法∙Appropriation 拨款∙Approval 批准∙Approval to Proceed 批准继续∙Approve 同意∙Approved Bidders List 批准的投标人清单∙Approved Changes 批准的变更∙Approved Project Requirements 批准的项目需求∙APR∙Acquisition Plan Review∙AQL∙Acceptable Quality Level∙Arbitrary 随意的∙Arbitration 仲裁∙Arc 弧线∙Architectural Baseline 构架基线∙Architectural View 构架视图∙Architecture 构架∙Architecture, executable 构架可执行∙Archive 档案文件∙Archive Plan 存档计划∙Area of Project Application∙Area of Project Management Application∙Area of Project Management Application ("APMA") 项目管理的应用领域∙Arrow 箭线∙Arrow Diagram Method ("ADM") 箭线图方法∙Arrow Diagramming 箭线图方法∙Arrow Diagramming Method 箭线图方法双代号网络图∙Artifact 制品∙Artificial 人工的∙AS∙Actual Start Date∙ASAP∙As-Soon-As-Possible∙As-built Design 实际建造设计∙As-built document．tion 实际建造文档∙As-Built Records∙As-Built Schedule 实际建造进度计划∙As-Late-As-Possible ("ALAP") 尽可能晚∙As-Needed 恰如所需∙As-of Dateo见Data Date.∙As-Performed Schedule 实际进度计划∙Assembly 组装件∙Assembly Sequence 组装顺序∙Assessment 评估∙Assets 资产∙Assignment 分配委派任务∙Associated Revenue 关联收益∙Association 关联关系∙As-Soon-As-Possible ("ASAP") 尽快∙Assumption 假设∙Assumptions 假设∙Assumptions List 假设清单∙Assurance 保证∙Assurance Programo见Quality Assurance Program.∙ATPo见Acceptance Test Procedure∙Attitude态度∙Attribute 属性∙Attrition 损耗∙Audit 审核审计∙Authoritarian 独裁的∙Authoritative 权威的∙Authority 权威权力∙Authority for Expenditure ("AFE") 开支权∙Authorization 授权o见Approval∙Authorize 批准∙Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作∙Authorized Work 批准的工作∙Authorized Works 批准的工作∙Automated Data Processing ("ADP") 自动化数据处理∙Automatic Decision Event 自动决策事件∙Automatic Generation 自动生成∙Automatic Test Equipment 自动测试设备∙AUWo见Authorized Unpriced Work∙Auxiliary Ground Equipment 辅助场地设备∙Availability 可用性∙Average Outgoing Quality ("AOQ") 平均出厂质量∙Average Outgoing Quality Limit ("AOQL") 平均出厂质量限度∙Average Sample Size Curve 平均样本规模曲线∙Avoidance 避免∙Award 授予∙Award Fee 奖金∙Award Letter 中标函[编辑]B∙BAC 完工预算∙Budget at Completion∙Baseline at Completion∙Back Charge 逆向计费∙Backcharge 逆向收费∙Backward Pass 倒推法/反向计算∙Bad Debts 坏帐∙Balance 余额权衡∙Balanced Matrix 平衡矩阵∙Balanced Scorecard平衡记分卡∙Balanced Scorecard Approach ("BSA") 平衡记分卡方法∙Bank 储备∙Banking 储备∙Bar Chart 横道图∙Bargaining讨价还价交涉∙Bargaining Power 讨价还价权力交涉权力∙Barriers 障碍∙Base 基础基数∙Baseline 基线基准∙Baseline at Completion ("BAC") 完成/完工基线∙Baseline Concept 基线概念∙Baseline Control 基线控制∙Baseline Cost 基线成本∙Baseline Dates 基线日期∙Baseline Finish Date 基线完成日期∙Baseline Management 基线管理∙Baseline Plan 基线计划基准计划∙Baseline Review 基线评审∙Baseline Schedule 基线进度计划∙Baseline Start Date 基线开始日期∙Baseline, budget 基线预算∙Baseline, business 基线商业∙Baseline, cost estimate 基线费用估算∙Baseline, technical 基线技术∙Basis of Estimate 估算根据∙Batch 批量∙Batch Operation 批运行/批处理∙BATNA∙Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement∙BCM∙Business Change Manager∙BCWP∙Budgeted Cost of Work Performed∙BCWS∙Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled∙BEC∙Elapsed Cost∙Behavior 行为/反应∙Behavior Analysis 行为分析∙Benchmark 基准∙Benchmarking标竿管理∙Beneficial Occupancy/Use 有益的占用/使用∙Benefits 效益∙Benefits Framework 效益框架∙Benefits Management 效益管理∙Benefits Management Plan 效益管理计划∙Benefits Management Regime 效益管理制度∙Benefits Profiles 效益简述∙Benefits Realization Phase 效益实现阶段∙Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement ("BATNA") 协议外最佳方案∙BATNA∙Best and Final Contract Offer 最佳及最终合同报价∙Best and Final Offer 最佳及最终报价∙Best Efforts Contract 最大努力合同∙Best Practices 最佳实践∙Best value 最佳值∙Beta Distribution 贝塔发布∙Beta Test 贝塔测试∙Beta testing 贝塔测试∙Bid 投标∙Bid Analysis 投标分析∙Bid Bond投标保证金∙Bid Cost Considerations 投标成本补偿费∙Bid document．nbspPreparation 招标文件准备∙Bid document．招标文件∙Bid Evaluation 评标∙Bid List 投标人清单∙Bid Package 标段标块∙Bid Protests 投标抗议/拒付∙Bid Qualifications 投标资质∙Bid Response 投标响应∙Bid Technical Consideration 投标技术因素∙Bid Time Consideration 投标中的时间因素∙Bid/No Bid Decision 投标/不投标决策∙Bidder 投标人∙Bidders Conference 投标人会议∙Bidders List 投标人名单∙Bidders Source Selection 投标人来源选择∙Bidding 投标∙Bidding Strategy 投标策略∙Bill 帐单∙Bill of Materials 材料清单∙Bills of Materials 材料清单∙Blanket Purchase Agreement ("BPA") 一揽子采购协议∙Blueprint 蓝图/计划设计图∙Board 委员会∙Boiler Plate 样板文件∙Bona Fide 真诚真实∙Bond 担保∙Bonus 奖金∙Bonus Schemes 奖励计划∙Booking Rates 预提费率∙BOOT∙Build, Own, Operate, Transfer∙Bottom Up Cost Estimate 自下而上成本估算∙Bottom Up Cost Estimating 自下而上成本估算∙Bottom Up Estimating 自下而上估算∙Boundary 边界∙BPA∙Blanket Purchase Agreement∙BPR∙Business Process Reengineering∙Brainstorming 头脑风暴法∙Branching Logic 分支逻辑关系∙Breach of Contract 违约∙Breadboarding 实验模型∙Break Even 盈亏平衡∙Breakdown 分解∙Breakdown Structure 分解结构∙Break-Even Chart 盈亏平衡图∙Break-Even Charts 盈亏平衡图∙Break-Even Point 盈亏平衡点∙Bribe 贿赂∙BSA∙Balanced Scorecard Approach∙Buck Passing 完全通过/推卸责任∙Budget 预算∙Budget at Completion ("BAC") 完工预算BAC∙Budget Cost 预算成本∙Budget Costs 预算成本预算费用∙Budget Decrement 预算消耗∙Budget Element 预算要素∙Budget Estimate 预算估算∙Budget Presentation 预算介绍∙Budget Revision 预算修订∙Budget Unit 预算单位∙Budgetary Control预算性控制∙Budgeted 已安排预算的∙Budgeted Cost of Work Performed ("BCWP") 已完工作预算成本BCWP∙Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled ("BCWS") 计划工作的预算成本∙Budgeting 制定预算∙Budgeting & Cost Management 预算制定与成本管理∙Build 建设构造∙Build, Own, Operate, Transfer ("BOOT") 建造拥有经营转让∙Buildability 建造能力∙Building 建筑物∙Building Professionalism 建设专业化∙Build-to document．tion 建成文档∙Built-in Test Equipment 内置测试设备∙Bulk Material 大宗材料∙Burden 间接费用负担∙Burden of Proof 举证费∙Bureaucracy 官僚制度∙Burn Rate 消耗速度∙Burst Node 分支点∙Business Actor 业务参与者/角色∙Business Appraisal 商业评估∙Business Area 业务领域∙Business Assurance 商业保证∙Business Assurance Coordinator 商业保证协调人∙Business Case 商业案例∙Business Change Manager ("BCM") 商业变更经理BCM∙Business Creation 商业创新∙Business Engineering商业工程∙Business Imperative 商业需要∙Business Improvement 业务改进∙Business Manager 商务经理商业经理∙Business Modeling 业务建模∙Business Needs 商业需求∙Business Objectives 商业目标∙Business Operations 业务运作∙Business Process业务流程∙Business Process Engineering 业务流程工程∙Business Process Reengineering ("BPR") 业务流程重组∙Business Processes 业务流程∙Business Risk 商业风险∙Business Rule 商业规则∙Business Transition Plan 业务转换计划∙Business Unit 业务单位∙Buyer 买方∙Buyer's Market 买方市场∙Buy-In 支持认同买进∙Bypassing 回避[编辑]C∙C/SCSC∙Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria∙C/SSR∙Cost/Schedule Status Report∙CA∙Control Account∙CAD∙Computer Aided Drafting∙Computer Aided Design∙Calculate Schedule 估算进度安排∙Calculation 计算∙Calendar 日历∙Calendar File 日历文件∙Calendar Range 日历范围∙Calendar Start Date 日历开始日期∙Calendar Unit 日历单位∙Calendar, Software 日历软件∙Calendars 日历集∙Calibration 校准∙CAM∙Cost Account Manager∙Computer Aided Manufacturing∙Control Account Manager∙CAP∙Cost Account Plan∙Control Account Plan∙Capability 能力∙Capability Survey 能力调查∙Capital 资本∙Capital Appropriation 资本划拨∙Capital Asset 资本资产∙Capital Cost 资本成本∙Capital Employed 占用的资本∙Capital Expansion Projects 资本扩展项目∙Capital Goods Project 资本货物项目∙Capital Property 资本财产∙CAR∙Capital Appropriation Request∙Cards-on-the-wall Planning 墙卡规划法∙Career 职业∙Career Path Planning 职业路线规划∙Career Planning职业规划∙Career Path Planning.∙Carryover Type 1 结转类型1∙Carryover Type 2 结转类型2∙Cascade Chart 层叠图∙CASEo Computer Aided Software Engineering o Computer Aided System Engineering∙Cash现金∙Cash Flow 现金流∙Cash Flow Analysis 现金流分析∙Cash Flow Management 现金流管理∙Cash Flow, Net 现金流净值∙Cash In 现金流入∙Cash Out 现金支出∙Catalyst 催化者∙Catch-up Alternatives 赶上计划的备选方案∙Causation 起因∙Cause 动因∙CBD∙Component-Based Development∙CBS∙Cost Breakdown Structure∙CCB∙Change Control Board∙CCDR∙Contractor Cost Data Report∙CDR∙Critical Design Review∙Central Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理单元∙Centralized 集中的∙Certain 确定的∙Certainty.∙Certainty 确定性∙Certificate of Conformance 一致性认证∙Certification 认证∙Chain 链∙Challenge 挑战∙Champion 推动者支持者∙Change 变更变化变革∙Change Control 变更控制∙Change Control Board (CCB) 变更管理委员会∙Change document．tion 变更文档∙Change in Scope 工作范围变化∙Change Log 变更日志∙Change Management 变更管理∙Change Management Plan 变更管理计划∙Change Notice 变更通知∙Change Order 变更通知单∙Changed Conditions 变更的条款∙Characteristic 特性∙Chart 图表∙Chart of Accounts会计科目表∙Chart Room 图表室∙Charter 章程∙Checking 检查∙Checklist 检查清单∙Checkpoint 检查点∙Checkpoints 检查点集∙Chief Executive Officer首席执行官∙Child 子项∙Child Activity 子活动∙CI∙Configuration Item∙Claim 索赔∙Clarification 澄清∙Class 类∙Classes 类∙Classification 分类∙Classification of Defects 缺陷的分类∙Clearance Number 净空数∙Client 客户∙Client Environment 客户环境∙Client Quality Services 客户质量服务∙Closed Projects 已收尾的项目∙Closeout 收尾∙Closeout Report 收尾报告∙Closeout, phase 收尾阶段∙Closing 终止∙Closure 收尾∙CM∙Configuration Management∙Construction Management∙Coaching 教练∙Code 代码∙Code and Unit Test 编码和单元测试∙Code of Accounts 帐目编码∙Coding 编码∙Collaboration 协作∙Collapsing 折叠∙Collective 集体的∙Combative 好战的∙Commercial 商务的∙Commercial Item Description 商务描述∙Commission and Handover 委托和移交∙Commissioning 试运行∙Commissions and Bonuses 酬金和奖金∙Commit 提交∙Commitment 承诺义务∙Commitment document．nbsp 承诺文件∙Commitment Estimate∙Commitment Package 承诺包∙Commitment to Objectives 对目标的承诺∙Committed Cost 已承担成本已承付成本∙Committed Costs 已承诺费用∙Common Carrier 公众运营商∙Communicating With Groups 与团队的沟通∙Communicating With Individuals 与个人的沟通∙Communication 沟通∙Communication Channels沟通渠道∙Communication Plan, Strategic 沟通计划策略性的∙Communication Plan, Tactical 沟通计划--战术性的∙Communication Room 交流室∙Communications Management 沟通管理∙Communications Plan 沟通计划∙Communications Planning 沟通规划编制∙Community 社团∙Company 公司∙Comparison 对比∙Compatibility 兼容性∙Compensation 补偿∙Compensation and Evaluation 补偿和评价∙Competence 能力∙Competency 能力∙Competition 竞争∙Competitive:竞争的∙Compile 编译∙Compile Time 编译时∙Complete 完成∙Completed Activity 已完成的活动∙Completed Units 完工单元∙Completion 完工∙Completion Date 完成日期∙Complex 复杂的∙Component 构件组件∙Component Integration and Test 组件集成和测试∙Component-Based Development ("CBD") 基于构件的开发∙Components 组件∙Compound Risk 复合风险∙Compromise 折衷∙Compromising, in negotiating 折衷谈判∙Computer 计算机∙Computer Aided Design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计∙Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) 计算机辅助制图∙Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 计算机辅助制造∙Computer Cost Applications 计算机化的成本管理应用∙Computer Hardware 计算机硬件∙Computer Modeling 计算机建模∙Computer Program Configuration Item 计算机程序配置项∙Computer Software 计算机软件∙Computer Software Component 计算机软件组件∙Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI) 计算机软件配置项∙Computer Software document．tion 计算机软件文档∙Computer Software Unit 计算机软件单元∙Computer-Aided 计算机辅助的∙Computerized Information Storage, Reference and Retrieval 计算机化的信息存储定位和检索∙Concept 概念∙Concept Definition document．概念定义文档∙Concept Phase 概念阶段∙Concept Study 概念研究∙Conception Phase 概念形成阶段∙Conceptual 概念性的∙Conceptual Budgeting 概念性预算∙Conceptual Design 概念性设计∙Conceptual Development 概念性开发∙Conceptual Project Planning 概念性项目计划∙Concession 让步∙Concession Making, in negotiating 谈判中的让步∙Conciliatory 调和的∙Concluding 终决的∙Conclusions 结论∙Concurrency 并发性∙Concurrent 并发事件∙Concurrent Delays 并行延迟∙Concurrent Engineering 并行工程∙Concurrent Tasks 并行任务∙Conditional Risk 条件风险∙Conditions 条件条款∙Conducting 执行∙Confidence Level 信心等级∙Configuration 配置∙Configuration Audit 配置审核∙Configuration Breakdown 配置分解∙Configuration Control 配置控制∙Configuration Control Board 配置控制委员会∙Configuration Identification 配置识别∙Configuration Item Acceptance Review 配置项验收评审∙Configuration Item Verification 配置项验证∙Configuration Item Verification Procedures 配置项验证程序∙Configuration Management 配置管理∙Configuration Management Board 配置管理委员会∙Configuration Relationships 配置关系∙Configuration Status Accounting 配置状态统计∙Conflict 冲突∙Conflict Management冲突管理∙Conflict Resolution 冲突解决方案∙Conformance to Requirements 与需求的一致性∙Confrontation 积极面对∙Consensus 一致同意∙Consensus Decision Process 集体决策过程∙Consent 同意∙Consequences 后果∙Consideration 对价∙Considerations 对价需要考虑的事项∙Consolidate 合并∙Consortium 联盟∙Constituents 涉众∙Constraint 约束条件∙Constraint, project constraint 约束条件对项目的约束∙Constraints 约束条件∙Constructability 施工能力∙Construction 施工构造建造建筑∙Construction Contractor 施工承包商∙Construction Cost 施工成本∙Construction Management ("CM") 施工管理∙Construction Manager 施工经理∙Construction Stage 施工阶段∙Construction Work 施工工作∙Construction-Oriented 以施工为导向的∙Constructive Challenge 建设性质询∙Constructive Change建设性变更∙Consultant 咨询顾问∙Consulting 咨询∙Consumable Resource 可消耗资源∙Consumables 消费性物资∙Contemplated Change Notice 预期变更通知∙Contending, in negotiating 争论在谈判中∙Content 内容∙Content Type 内容类型∙Context 背景∙Contingencies 不可预见费应急费用∙Contingency 不可预见费应急费用∙Contingency Allowance 应急补助∙Contingency Budget Procedure 不可预见费用预算程序∙Contingency Plan 意外事件计划∙Contract Package 合同包∙Contract Performance Control 合同履行控制∙Contract Plan 合同计划∙Contract Pre-award Meetings 合同预授予会议∙Contract Quality Requirements 合同质量要求∙Contract Requirements 合同要求∙Contract Risk 合同风险∙Contract Risk Analysis 合同风险分析∙Contract Signing 合同签署∙Contract Strategy 合同战略∙Contract Target Cost (CTC) 合同目标成本∙Contract Target Price (CTP) 合同目标价格∙Contract Type 合同分类∙Contract Types 合同类型∙Contract Work Breakdown Structure (CWBS) 合同工作分解结构∙Contract/Procurement Management合同/采购管理∙Contracting 签订合同∙Contractor 承包商∙Contractor Claims Release 承包商索赔豁免∙Contractor Cost Data Report (CCDR) 承包商成本数据报告∙Contractor Evaluation 承包商评估∙Contractor Furnished Equipment 承包商供应的设备∙Contractor Project Office 承包商项目办公室∙Contractor Short Listing 承包商短列表∙Contractor's Performance Evaluation 承包商的绩效评价∙Contractual 合同的∙Contractual Conditions 合同条款∙Contractual/Legal Requirements 合同的/法律上的要求∙Contributed value 贡献价值∙Contribution Analysis 贡献分析∙Control 控制∙Control Account (CA) 控制帐目∙Control Account Manager (CAM) 控制帐目经理∙Control Account Plan (CAP) 控制帐目计划∙Control and Coordination 控制和协调∙Control Chart 控制表∙Control Cycle 控制周期∙Control Gate 控制关口控制关卡∙Control Loop 控制回路∙Control Point 控制点∙Control Requirements 控制必要条件要求∙Control System 控制系统∙Control Theory 控制论∙Controllable Risks 可控风险∙Controlling 控制o参看Project Control∙Controlling Relationship 控制关系∙Coordinated Matrix 协调型的矩阵∙Coordination 协调∙Coordinator 协调员∙Corporate 公司∙Corporate Administration and Finance 公司行政和财务∙Corporate Budget. 公司预算∙Corporate Business Life Cycle 公司商务生命周期∙Corporate Constraints 公司限制因素∙Corporate Data Bank 公司数据库∙Corporate Management 公司管理∙Corporate Memory 公司记忆库∙Corporate Philosophy公司价值体系, 公司哲学∙Corporate Planning 公司计划编制∙Corporate Project Management 公司项目管理∙Corporate Project Strategy 公司项目战略∙Corporate Quality Standards 公司质量标准∙Corporate Resources 公司资源∙Corporate Responsibility Matrix 公司责任矩阵∙Corporate Standards 公司标准∙Corporate Supervision 公司监管∙Corporation 公司∙Correction 纠正∙Corrective Action纠正措施∙Correlation 相关性∙Cost 成本∙Cost Account 成本帐目∙Cost Account Breakdown 成本帐目分解∙Cost Account Manager (CAM) 成本帐目经理∙Cost Account Plan (CAP) 成本帐目计划∙Cost Accumulation Methods 成本累加方法∙Cost Analysis 成本分析∙Cost Applications 成本应用∙Cost Avoidance成本规避∙Cost Baseline 成本基线∙Cost Benefit 成本效益∙Cost Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析∙Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构∙Cost Budgeting 成本预算∙Cost Ceiling 封顶成本成本上限∙Cost Ceiling Bracket 成本上限范围∙Cost Center 成本中心∙Cost Check 成本检查∙Cost Classes 成本类别∙Cost Code 成本代码∙Cost Codes 成本代码∙Cost Control 成本控制∙Cost Control Point 成本控制点∙Cost Control System 成本控制系统∙Cost Curve 成本曲线∙Cost Distribution 成本分摊∙Cost Effective 成本效率成本有效的∙Cost Element 成本元素∙Cost Engineering 成本工程∙Cost Envelope 成本区域∙Cost Estimate 成本估算∙Cost Estimate Classification System 成本估算分类系统∙Cost Estimating 成本估算∙Cost Estimating Relationship 成本估算关系∙Cost Forecast 成本预测∙Cost Forecasting 成本预测∙Cost Growth 成本增长∙Cost Incurred 已发生成本∙Cost Index 成本指数∙Cost Indices 成本指数表∙Cost Input 成本投入∙Cost Management 成本管理∙Cost Model 成本模型∙Cost of Money 资金成本∙Cost of Quality 质量成本∙Cost Overrun 成本超支∙Cost Performance Baseline 成本绩效基线∙Cost Performance Index (CPI) 成本绩效指数∙Cost Performance Indicator (CPI) 成本绩效指数∙Cost Performance Measurement Baseline 成本绩效度量基线∙Cost Performance Ratio (CPR) 成本绩效比率∙Cost Performance Report (CPR) 成本绩效报告∙Cost Plan 成本计划∙Cost Plus 成本补偿∙Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract ("CPFF") 成本加固定费用合同∙Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract ("CPIFC") 成本加奖励费用合同∙Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract ("CPPC") 成本加成本百分比合同∙Cost Reimbursable Contract 成本补偿合同费用可偿还合同∙Cost Reimbursement 成本补偿∙Cost Reimbursement Type Contracts 成本补偿型合同∙Cost Reviews 成本评审∙Cost Savings 成本节约∙Cost Sharing Contract 成本共享合同∙Cost Status 成本状态∙Cost to Complete 竣工尚需成本∙Cost to Complete Forecast 竣工所需成本预测∙Cost Types 成本类型∙Cost Variance ("CV") 成本偏差∙Cost/Schedule Status Report ("C/SSR") 成本/进度状态报告∙Cost-Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析∙Costed Work Breakdown Structure 带成本信息的工作分解结构∙Cost-Effectiveness 成本效果分析法∙Costing 成本核算∙Costing Systems 成本核算系统∙Cost-Time Resource Sheet (CTR) 成本时间资源表∙Counseling 指导∙Countermeasures 对策∙CPFFCo Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract∙CPIo Cost Performance Indexo Cost Performance Indicator∙CPIF 成本加奖励费用合同o Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract∙CPIFCo Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract∙CPMo Critical Path Method∙CPNo Critical Path Network∙CPPCo Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract∙CPRo Cost Performance Ratioo Cost Performance Report∙CPUo Central Processing Unit∙CRo Change Request∙Craft 技艺∙Crash Costs 赶工成本∙Crash Duration 赶工工期∙Crashing 赶工∙Creativity 创造力∙Credit 赊欠信誉∙Credited Resource 已授予的资源∙Crisis 危机∙Criteria 标准指标∙Criterion 标准指标∙Critical 关键的∙Critical Activity 关键活动∙Critical Chain 关键链∙Critical Defect 关键性缺陷∙Critical Defective 有关键缺陷的产品∙Critical Design Review 关键设计评审∙Critical Event 关键事件∙Critical Factors 关键因素∙Critical Path 关键路径∙Critical Path Analysis 关键路径分析∙Critical Path Method (CPM) 关键路径法∙Critical Path Network (CPN) 关键路径网络图∙Critical Performance Indicator 关键绩效指标∙Critical Ratio 临界比关键比率∙Critical Sequence 关键工序∙Critical Sequence Analysis 关键工序分析∙Critical Subcontractor 关键分包商∙Critical Success Factors (CSF) 关键的成功因素∙Critical Task 关键任务∙Critical Work Item 关键工作项∙Criticality Index 关键指数∙Cross Organizational 交叉型组织跨组织的∙Cross References 交叉参照∙Cross-Stage Plan 交叉阶段计划∙CSCIo Computer Software Configuration Item∙CSFo Critical Success Factors∙CTCo Contract Target Cost∙CTPo Contract Target Price∙CTRo Cost-Time Resource Sheet∙Culture 文化∙Culture, organizational 文化组织文化∙Cumulative Cost-to-Date 到目前为止的累计成本∙Cumulative S Curve 累计S 曲线∙Currency Conversion 货币兑换∙Current Budget 当前预算∙Current Date Line 当前日期线∙Current Finish Date 当前完成日期∙Current FY Budget Allocation 当前财政年的预算分配∙Current Start Date 当前开始日期∙Current Status 当前状态∙Current Year 当年∙Custom Duty and Tax 海关关税∙Customer 客户∙Customer Acceptance Criteria 客户验收标准∙Customer Furnished Equipment 客户提供的设备∙Customer Perspective 客户观点∙Customer/Client Personnel 客户方的职员∙Cutoff Date 移交日期∙Cutover 移交∙CV∙Cost Variance∙CWBSo Contract Work Breakdown Structure∙Cybernetics 控制论∙Cycle 周期∙Cycle Time 周期[编辑]D∙Damages 损害赔偿金∙Dangle 悬空活动∙Data 数据∙Data Application 数据应用∙Data Collection 数据收集∙Data Date ("DD") 数据日期∙Data Entry Clerk 数据录入员∙Data Item Description ("DID") 工作项描述∙Data Processing 数据处理∙Data Refinements 数据改进∙Data Type 数据类型∙Data Structure Organization 数据结构组织∙Database 数据库∙Database Administrator ("DBA") 数据库管理员∙Database Management System ("DBMS") 数据库管理系统∙Date of Acceptance 验收日期∙Day Work Account 日常工作帐户∙DBAo”Database Administrator"∙DBMo”Dynamic Baseline Model"∙DBMSo”Database Management System"∙DCEo”Distributed Computing Environment"∙DCFo”Discounted Cash Flow"∙DDo”Data Date"∙Deactivation Plan 惰性化计划∙Deactivation Procedures 惰性化流程∙Debriefing 投标反馈听取情况汇报情况∙Decentralized 分散的∙Decision 决策∙Decision document．tion 决策文档∙Decision Event 决策事件∙Decision Making 制定决策∙Decision Making Process 决策过程∙Decision Support System 决策支持系统∙Decision Theory 决策论∙Decision Tree决策树∙Decision Trees 决策树组∙Decomposing 分解∙Decomposition 分解∙Default 违约∙Default values 默认值∙Defect 缺陷∙Defective 缺陷产品∙Defects-Per-Hundred-Units 每百个单元有缺陷的数量∙Deficiency 缺陷∙Deficiency List 缺陷清单∙Definition 定义∙Definition Phase 定义阶段∙Definitive 确定性的∙Definitive Estimate 确定性估算∙Deflection 风险转移∙Degradation 降级∙Delay 延期∙Delay, compensable 补偿性延期∙Delaying Resource 资源延期∙Delegating 授权∙Delegation 授权∙Deliberate Decision Event 预先准备的决策事件∙Deliverable 可交付成果,可交付物∙Deliverable Breakdown Structure 可交付物分解结构∙Deliverable Deadline 可交付物的终止期限∙Deliverables 可交付成果可交付物∙Deliverables Management 交付物管理∙Delivery 交付∙Delphi Technique德尔菲法∙Demonstrate 演示证明∙Demonstrated 已证明的∙Demonstrated Past Experience 已证明的过去经验∙Demonstration 演示∙Demonstration Review 演示评审∙Department 部门∙Departmental Budget 部门预算∙Dependability可靠性∙Dependencies 依赖关系∙Dependency 活动之间的依赖关系∙Dependency Arrow 关系箭线∙Dependency Diagram 网络图前导网络图∙Dependency Links 依赖关系∙Dependency Management 依赖关系管理∙Deployment 部署∙Deployment Lessons Learned document．nbsp 部署的经验教训文档∙Deployment Plan 部署计划∙Deployment Procedures 部署流程∙Deployment Readiness Review 部署准备评审∙Deployment View 部署视图∙Depreciation 折旧∙Descriptive 描述性的∙Design 设计∙Design & Development Phase 设计和开发阶段∙Design Alternatives 设计备选方案∙Design Appraisal 设计评估∙Design Authority 设计权威∙Design Baseline 基准设计∙Design Bid Build 设计阶段投标的建立∙Design Brief 设计大纲∙Design Build 设计的建立包括设计和构造∙Design Concept 设计概念∙Design Contingency 设计应急费用∙Design Contract 设计合同∙Design Control设计控制∙Design Development 设计开发∙Design Management 设计管理∙Design Management Plan 设计管理计划∙Design Model 设计模型∙Design of Experiment试验设计∙Design Package 设计包∙Design Review 设计评审∙Design Subsystem 设计子系统∙Design Time 设计时间∙Design to Budget 按预算设计∙Design to Cost 按成本设计∙Design-to Specifications 按规范设计∙Desirable Logic 合意逻辑∙Detail document．tion 详细的文档∙Detail Schedule 详细的进度安排∙Detailed Design 详细设计∙Detailed Design Stage 详细设计阶段∙Detailed Engineering 详细工程∙Detailed Planning 详细计划∙Detailed Plans 详细的计划∙Detailed Resource Plan 详细的资源计划∙Detailed Schedule 详细的进度安排∙Detailed Technical Plan 详细的技术计划∙Determination 决定决心∙Determine Least Cost for Maximum Results 确定可以获得最大收获的最小成本∙Deterministic 确定性的∙Deterministic Network 确定的网络图∙Developed Country 发达国家∙Developer 开发人员∙Developing Country 发展中国家∙Development 开发∙Development case 开发案例∙Development Phase 开发阶段∙Development Plan 开发计划∙Development process 开发过程∙Deviation偏差∙Deviation Permit 允许偏差∙Diagram 图∙DIDo”Data Item Description"∙Differences 偏差差异∙Differentials 差值∙Differing Site Conditions 不同的现场环境∙Direct Cost直接成本∙Direct Cost Contingency 直接成本应急费用∙Direct Costs 直接成本∙Direct Labor直接人工。

(完整版)管理学—应用词汇中英文对照表

管理学词汇中英文对照Accou ntability 责任感Achievement-oriented leadership 成就取向型领导Activity ratio 活动比率Adaptive organization (horizontal corporation) 自适应组织Administrative management 行政管理Affiliation needs 归属的需要Aggregate planning 综合计戈UAlter native courses of acti on 可供选择的行动Artifacts人工环境Assessme nt cen ter 评价中心Assets资产Attitudes 态度Authority 职权Aut onomy 自治Bala nee sheet资产负债表BCG matrix波士顿咨询集团矩阵Behavior modificati on 行为修正Behavioral approach 行为法Behavioral decision model 行为决策模型Boundary-spanning roles 跨界角色Boun ded rati on ality 有限理性Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Breakeven analysis 头脑风暴法Budgets 预算Bureaucratic control 官僚控制Bureaucratic management 官僚管理Bus in ess ethics 商业道德Busi ness portfolio matrix 商业资产组合矩阵Busi ness strategy 商业策略Cash cows金钱牛Chain of comma nd 指挥链Changing 变革Charismatic authority 魅力权威模式Classical perspective 古典管理理论Closed system圭寸闭系统Code of ethics伦理规范Coercive power 强制力Cohesive ness 凝聚力Communication 沟通Communi cati on n etwork 沟通网Compensation 报酬Competitive advantage 竞争优势Computer-aided software engin eeri ng (CASE) 计算机辅助设计Conceptual skill 概念能力Concurrent control 并行控制Constraints强制，约束Contingency approaches 随即制宜法Contingency perspective 权变观Con ti ngency pla nning 随即计戈U Continuous schedule of reinforcement 连续性奖励Con ti nu ous-flow product ion system 连续生产系统controlling控制职能Controls 控制Corporate social responsibility 公司社会责任Corporate strategy 公司战略Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Current assets 流动资产Curre nt liabilities 流动负债Customer divisional structure 消费者多样化结构Data数据Debt ratios负债比率Decision making 决策Decision support system (DSS)决策制定系统Decision tree决策树(体系)Decision varialbes 决策变量decisional roles 决策角色Decoding 解码Delegation 授权Delphi technique魔鬼提倡法Devil's advocacy唱反调的人Dialectical inquiry 辩证探求法Differention strategy 差异化战略Directive leadership 指示领导Diversity多样化Divisional structure 部门是结构Dogs瘦狗Downward com muni cati on 下行沟通Dynamic network 动态网络Econo mic feasibility 经济可行性Effectiveness 效果Efficiency 效率Electro nic data in tercha nge (EDI) EDI 电子数据交换Electronic funds transfer (EFT)电子资金转换Electro nic mail (e-mail)电子邮件Employee assistanee programs (EAPs)员工辅助项目顾问Employee-centered work redesign 员工工作再设计Employment test 就业测试Empowering employees 职工授权Encoding 编码End users终极用户Entropy衰退趋势Escalation of commitment 递增效忠Esteem n eeds 尊重的需要Ethical behavior 道德表现Ethical dilemma 伦理困境Ethics伦理Expectancy 期望Expected monetary value (EMV)预期货币价值Expected value 预期价值Expert power专家权力Expert system专家系统Exter nal com muni cati on 夕卜部环境External customer 外部顾客External forces夕卜部力量Extinction 废止Feedback 反馈Feedback 反馈Feedback 反馈Feedback (corrective) control 反馈校正控制Feedback con trols 反馈控制Feedforward (preventive) control 前馈预防控制Feedforward controls 前馈控制Fixed assets固定资产Fixed-interval schedule 定时给奖Fixed-positi on layout 定位式布置Fixed-ratio schedule 定比给奖Focus strategy 集中战略Force-field analysis 立场分析Formal groups正式群体Functional manager 职能管理者Functional strategy 职能管理者Functional structure 职能式战略GE matrix职能式结构Gen eral environment —般环境General manager 总经理Generic strategies 一般性策略Geographic divisional structure 全球多样化战略Global strategy全球化战略Goal setting目标结构Goals目标Grand strategy 主战略Grapevine藤状网络式沟通Group群体Groupthink群体思想Groupware 群件Halo-and-horn effect 月晕效应Hawthorne effect 关注作用Huma n resource in formatio n systems (HRISs) 人力资源信息系统Huma n resource man ageme nt 人力资源管理Human resource planning 人力资源计戈U Human rights approach 人权方法Human skills 人工技巧Hybrid layout混合式布置Hygiene factors 保健因素hypercha nge极度改变In come stateme nt 损益表In formal groups 非正式群体Information 信息In formatio n overload 信息过量Information power 信息权力In formati on tech no logy 信息技术In formati onal roles 信息角色In puts投入Instrumental values 工具价值Instrumentality媒介;工具；手段Intangible costs 无形成本Integrating mechanisms 结合机制In terdepe ndence 互相依赖Internal customer 内部顾客Internal forces 内力Internal network 内部网络Interpersonal roles人际交往能力Intuition 直觉Jargon行话Job analysis工作分析；工种分析Job depth工作深度Job description 工作说明Job description 工作说明Job desig n工作设计Job enl argeme nt工作扩大化Job enrichment工作丰富化Job rotation岗位轮换Job satisfaction 工作满意Job scope工作丰富化Job specifications工作规范；操作规程Job-shop production system 职务专业化Justice approach公正合理观Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management 及时存货系统Labor-management relations 劳工管理关系Lan guage systems and metaphors 语言习惯Lateral com muni cati on 横向沟通Law of effect效应法则Law of requisite variety 必要多样性定律Leadership 领导Leadership substitutes 领导替代leading 领导Least preferred coworker (LPC)scale 最不喜欢的同事Legitimate power 法定权禾ULiabilities 负债Line personnel线形人事管理Liquidity ratios 流动率Local-area network (LAN) 局域网Locus of control 控制点Locus of decisi on making 局域网Lon g-term liabilities 长期债务Machiavellian personality 马基雅弗利人格理论Management 管理Management by exception 例外管理Man ageme nt by objectives (MBO) 目标管理责任制Man ageme nt in formatio n system (MIS) 信息管理系统Man agers 经理Master product ion schedule 主生产排程Matket growth rate 市场增长率Matrix structure 矩阵结构Mechanistic systems 机械式组织Medium载体Messages 消息Motivatio n 激励Motivator factors 激励因素Multidomestic strategy 多元化策略Myths虚构的故事Need for achievement 成就需要Negative reinforcement 消极强化Network structure 网络结构Noise噪声Nomi nal group tech nique (NGT) 名义群体技术Non programmed decisi on 非程序化决策Non verbal com mun icati ona 非语言沟通Norms标准;规范;典范;限额Objectives 目标Objectives fun ctio n 目标函数Ope n system开放系统Operatio nal feasibility 造作可行性Operational plan 作业计划Operational planing作业计划职能Opportunity 机遇Oral com muni cati on 口头交流Organic (cla n) con trol 有机控制Organic system 有机系统organization组织安排Organizational change 组织变革Organi zati onal con trol 组织控制Organizational culture 组织文化Organizational design 住址决策Orga nizatio nal developme nt (OD) 组织发展Orga ni zatio nal feasibility 组织可行性Organizational mission 组织使命Organizational structure 组织结构Organizing 组织Orientation 定位Outputs 产出Owner's equity所有者权益Partial schedule of reinforcement 间断性奖励Participative leadership 参与型领导Participative management 参与管理Path-goal model途径-目标模型Payoff table 决定(因素)表;结算表咸果表Payoffs发工资Performanee appraisal 绩效考评Personality 性格PERT(program Evaluati on and review technique)计划审评技术Physiological needs 生理的需要Plan计划planning计划，部署Policies 政策Pooled in terdepe ndence 共有相互依存Positive reinforcement 正强化Power权利Problem 问题Procedures 程序Process con sultati on 过程咨询Process layout工艺式布置Product divisio nal structure 生产部门式结构Product layout产品式布置Productivity 生产力Profitability ratios 收益比率Programmed decision 程序化决策Programs 规划Project product ion system 工程生产系统Projects 项目Protected class 受保护一类Punishment 惩罚Quality assura nee 质量保证Quality circle QC 小组Quality control质量管理；质量控制Quality management 质量管理Question marks 问号Rati on al-ec ono mic decisi on model 理性经济决策模型Ratio nal-legal authority 法理权威模式Reciprocal interdependence 交互性的互赖性Recruitment 招聘Reengineering 工程再造Referent power 指示权力Refreezing再冻结阶段Relati on ship orie ntati on 关系导向Relationship-orientation roles 关系导向角色Relative market share 相关市场份额Repetitive, assembly-l ine, or mass-product ion system重复性、流水线、大量生产系统Responsibility 职责Restraining forces 阻力Reward power奖励权力Rites仪式Robotics机器人技术Roles任务，角色Rules规则Satisficing 满意性Scalar principle 等级原则Schedules of reinforcement 强化时间表Scientific management 科学管理Security needs安全的需要Selection 选拔Selective perception 选择性理解Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Self-esteem 自尊Self-management teams 自我管理小组Self-management teams 自我管理小组Self-mo nitori ng 自我控制Self-oriented roles自我取向角色Seque ntial in terdepe ndence 顺序式互赖Sexual harassme nt 性骚扰Sin gle-use pla ns —次性计划Skill vareity多种技能SLT model情境领导模型Social context社会关联性Span of control控制幅度，管理幅度Special-purpose team 特殊目标小组Stable environment 环境稳定Stable network 稳固网络Staff personnel员工人事管理Staffing人员雇佣；职工配备Stakeholders利益相关者Standing pla ns 长设计戈UStars明星States of nature 自然状态Stereotyping 典型化Stories 事迹Strategic analysis 战略分析Strategic control 战略控制Strategic decision-making matrix 战略决策矩阵Strategic goals 战略目标Strategic plan 战略计划Strategic plan 战略计划Strategic planning战略计划职能Strategic planning战略计划职能Strategy formulation 战略制定Strategy Implementation 战略实施Supportive leadership 支持型领导Survey feedback 调查反馈Synergy共同作用Systems analysis 系统分析Systems developme nt life cycle (SDLC) 发展周期系统Tan gible costs可收回成本Task environment 任务环境Task identity任务说明Task orientation任务导向型Task significanee 任务重要性Task-oriented roles任务导向型角色Team building团队建设Technical feasibility 技术可行性Technical skills 技术技能Telecommuting 远程办公Term in al values 终极价值Theory X (管理)X理论Theory Y (管理)Y理论Theory Z (管理)Z理论Total quality management (TQM) TQM 全面质里官理Total quality management (TQM) TQM 全面质里官理Traditio nal authority 传统权威模式Training 培训Trait approach 特征途径Transaction al leadership 执行性领导Transformation process 变革过程Turbulent environments 动荡环境Type A orientation A 型意向者Type B orientation B 型意向者Unfreezing 解冻Un ity of comma nd 统一指挥Upward com muni cati on 上行沟通Utility 即proach 功利主义观Vale nee 效价Validity 效度Values价值Variable-ratio schedule 变动比率增时制Varianee reporting 视频会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Vigilanee 警戒Whistleblower 揭发Wide-area network (WAN) 局域网Writte n com mun icatio n 笔头交流。

企业管理专用术语(英汉对照)

1. 人力资源管理：(Human Resource Management ，HRM)2. 人力资源经理：( human resource manager)3. 高级管理人员：(executive)4. 职业：(profession)5. 道德标准：(ethics)6. 操作工：(operative employees)7. 专家：(specialist)8. 人力资源认证协会：(the Human Resource Certification Institute，HRCI)9. 外部环境：(external environment)10. 内部环境：(internal environment)11. 政策：(policy)12. 企业文化：(corporate culture)13. 目标：(mission)14. 股东：(shareholders)15. 非正式组织：(informal organization)16. 跨国公司：(multinational corporation，MNC)17. 管理多样性：(managing diversity)18. 工作：(job)19. 职位：(posting)20. 工作分析：(job analysis)21. 工作说明：(job description)22. 工作规范：(job specification)23. 工作分析计划表：(job analysis schedule，JAS)24. 职位分析问卷调查法：(Management Position Description Questionnaire，MPDQ)25. 行政秘书：(executive secretary)26. 地区服务经理助理：(assistant district service manager)27. 人力资源计划：(Human Resource Planning，HRP)28. 战略规划：(strategic planning)29. 长期趋势：(long term trend)30. 要求预测：(requirement forecast)31. 供给预测：(availability forecast)32. 管理人力储备：(management inventory)33. 裁减：(downsizing)34. 人力资源信息系统：(Human Resource Information System，HRIS)35. 招聘：(recruitment)36. 员工申请表：(employee requisition)37. 招聘方法：(recruitment methods)38. 内部提升：(Promotion From Within ，PFW)39. 工作公告：(job posting)40. 广告：(advertising)41. 职业介绍所：(employment agency)42. 特殊事件：(special events)43. 实习：(internship)44. 选择：(selection)45. 选择率：(selection rate)46. 简历：(resume)47. 标准化：(standardization)48. 有效性：(validity)49. 客观性：(objectivity)50. 规范：(norm)51. 录用分数线：(cutoff score)52. 准确度：(aiming)53. 业务知识测试：(job knowledge tests)54. 求职面试：(employment interview)55. 非结构化面试：(unstructured interview)56. 结构化面试：(structured interview)57. 小组面试：(group interview)58. 职业兴趣测试：(vocational interest tests)59. 会议型面试：(board interview)60. 组织变化与人力资源开发61. 人力资源开发：(Human Resource Development，HRD)62. 培训：(training)63. 开发：(development)64. 定位：(orientation)65. 训练：(coaching)66. 辅导：(mentoring)67. 经营管理策略：(business games)68. 案例研究：(case study)69. 会议方法：(conference method)70. 角色扮演：(role playing)71. 工作轮换：(job rotating)72. 在职培训：(on-the-job training ，OJT)73. 媒介：(media)74. 企业文化与组织发展75. 企业文化：(corporate culture)76. 组织发展：(organization development，OD)77. 调查反馈：(survey feedback)78. 质量圈：(quality circles)79. 目标管理：(management by objective，MBO)80. 全面质量管理：(Total Quality Management，TQM)81. 团队建设：(team building)82. 职业计划与发展83. 职业：(career)84. 职业计划：(career planning)85. 职业道路：(career path)86. 职业发展：(career development)87. 自我评价：(self-assessment)88. 职业动机：(career anchors)89. 绩效评价90. 绩效评价：(Performance Appraisal，PA)91. 小组评价：(group appraisal)92. 业绩评定表：(rating scales method)93. 关键事件法：(critical incident method)94. 排列法：(ranking method)95. 平行比较法：(paired comparison)96. 硬性分布法：(forced distribution method)97. 晕圈错误：(halo error)98. 宽松：(leniency)99. 严格：(strictness)100. 360°反馈：(360-degree feedback)101. 叙述法：(essay method)102. 集中趋势：(central tendency)103. 报酬与福利104. 报酬：(compensation)105. 直接经济报酬：(direct financial compensation)106. 间接经济报酬：(indirect financial compensation)107. 非经济报酬：(no financial compensation)108. 公平：(equity)109. 外部公平：(external equity)110. 内部公平：(internal equity)111. 员工公平：(employee equity)112. 小组公平：(team equity)113. 工资水平领先者：(pay leaders)114. 现行工资率：(going rate)115. 工资水平居后者：(pay followers)116. 劳动力市场：(labor market)117. 工作评价：(job evaluation)118. 排列法：(ranking method)119. 分类法：(classification method)120. 因素比较法：(factor comparison method)121. 评分法：(point method)122. 海氏指示图表个人能力分析法：(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method) 123. 工作定价：(job pricing)124. 工资等级：(pay grade)125. 工资曲线：(wage curve)126. 工资幅度：(pay range)127. 12. 福利和其它报酬问题128. 福利(间接经济补偿)129. 员工股权计划：(employee stock ownership plan，ESOP) 130. 值班津贴：(shift differential)131. 奖金：(incentive compensation)132. 利润分享（分红制）：(profit sharing)133. 安全与健康的工作环境134. 安全：(safety)135. 健康：(health)136. 频率：(frequency rate)137. 紧张：(stress)138. 角色冲突：(role conflict)139. 催眠法：(hypnosis)140. 酗酒：(alcoholism)141. 员工和劳动关系142. 工会：(union)143. 地方工会：(local union)144. 行业工会：(craft union)145. 产业工会：(industrial union)146. 全国工会：(national union)147. 谈判组：(bargaining union)148. 劳资谈判：(collective bargaining)149. 仲裁：(arbitration)150. 罢工：(strike)151. 内部员工关系：(internal employee relations)152. 纪律：(discipline)153. 纪律处分：(disciplinary action)154. 申诉：(grievance)155. 降职：(demotion)156. 调动：(transfer)157. 晋升：(promotion)158. 目标mission/ objective159. 集体目标group objective160. 内部环境internal environment161. 外部环境external environment162. 计划planning163. 组织organizing164. 人事staffing165. 领导leading166. 控制controlling167. 步骤process168. 原理principle169. 方法technique170. 经理manager171. 总经理general manager172. 行政人员administrator173. 主管人员supervisor174. 企业enterprise175. 商业business176. 产业industry177. 公司company178. 效果effectiveness179. 效率efficiency180. 企业家entrepreneur181. 权利power182. 职权authority183. 职责responsibility184. 科学管理scientific management185. 现代经营管理modern operational management 186. 行为科学behavior science187. 生产率productivity188. 激励motivate189. 动机motive190. 法律law191. 法规regulation192. 经济体系economic system193. 管理职能managerial function194. 产品product195. 服务service196. 利润profit197. 满意satisfaction198. 归属affiliation199. 尊敬esteem200. 自我实现self-actualization201. 人力投入human input202. 盈余surplus203. 收入income204. 成本cost205. 资本货物capital goods206. 机器machinery207. 设备equipment208. 建筑building209. 存货inventory210. 经验法the empirical approach211. 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach212. 集体行为法the group behavior approach213. 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 214. 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 215. 决策理论法the decision theory approach216. 数学法the mathematical approach217. 系统法the systems approach218. 随机制宜法the contingency approach219. 管理任务法the managerial roles approach220. 经营法the operational approach221. 人际关系human relation222. 心理学psychology223. 态度attitude224. 压力pressure225. 冲突conflict226. 招聘recruit227. 鉴定appraisal228. 选拔select229. 培训train230. 报酬compensation231. 授权delegation of authority232. 协调coordinate233. 业绩performance234. 考绩制度merit system235. 表现behavior236. 下级subordinate237. 偏差deviation238. 检验记录inspection record239. 误工记录record of labor-hours lost240. 销售量sales volume241. 产品质量quality of products242. 先进技术advanced technology243. 顾客服务customer service244. 策略strategy245. 结构structure246. 领先性primacy247. 普遍性pervasiveness248. 忧虑fear249. 忿恨resentment250. 士气morale251. 解雇layoff252. 批发wholesale253. 零售retail254. 程序procedure255. 规则rule256. 规划program257. 预算budget258. 共同作用synergy259. 大型联合企业conglomerate 260. 资源resource261. 购买acquisition262. 增长目标growth goal263. 专利产品proprietary product 264. 竞争对手rival265. 晋升promotion266. 管理决策managerial decision 267. 商业道德business ethics268. 有竞争力的价格competitive price 269. 供货商supplier270. 小贩vendor271. 利益冲突conflict of interests 272. 派生政策derivative policy273. 开支帐户expense account 274. 批准程序approval procedure 275. 病假sick leave276. 休假vacation277. 工时labor-hour278. 机时machine-hour279. 资本支出capital outlay280. 现金流量cash flow281. 工资率wage rate282. 税收率tax rate283. 股息dividend284. 现金状况cash position285. 资金短缺capital shortage286. 总预算overall budget287. 资产负债表balance sheet288. 可行性feasibility289. 投入原则the commitment principle 290. 投资回报return on investment 291. 生产能力capacity to produce292. 实际工作者practitioner293. 最终结果end result294. 业绩performance295. 个人利益personal interest296. 福利welfare297. 市场占有率market share298. 创新innovation299. 生产率productivity300. 利润率profitability301. 社会责任public responsibility302. 董事会board of director303. 组织规模size of the organization 304. 组织文化organizational culture 305. 目标管理management by objectives 306. 评价工具appraisal tool307. 激励方法motivational techniques 308. 控制手段control device309. 个人价值personal worth310. 优势strength311. 弱点weakness312. 机会opportunity313. 威胁threat314. 个人责任personal responsibility 315. 顾问counselor316. 定量目标quantitative objective 317. 定性目标qualitative objective318. 可考核目标verifiable objective 319. 优先priority320. 工资表payroll321. 策略strategy322. 政策policy323. 灵活性discretion324. 多种经营diversification325. 评估assessment326. 一致性consistency327. 应变策略consistency strategy 328. 公共关系public relation329. 价值value330. 抱负aspiration331. 偏见prejudice332. 审查review333. 批准approval334. 主要决定major decision335. 分公司总经理division general manager 336. 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix337. 明星star338. 问号question mark339. 现金牛cash cow340. 赖狗dog341. 采购procurement342. 人口因素demographic factor343. 地理因素geographic factor344. 公司形象company image345. 产品系列product line346. 合资企业joint venture347. 破产政策liquidation strategy348. 紧缩政策retrenchment strategy349. 战术tactics350. 追随followership351. 个性individuality352. 性格personality353. 安全safety354. 自主权latitude355. 悲观的pessimistic356. 静止的static357. 乐观的optimistic358. 动态的dynamic359. 灵活的flexible360. 抵制resistance361. 敌对antagonism362. 折中eclectic363. 激励motivation364. 潜意识subconscious365. 地位status366. 情感affection367. 欲望desire368. 压力pressure369. 满足satisfaction370. 自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 371. 尊敬的需要esteem needs372. 归属的需要affiliation needs373. 安全的需要security needs374. 生理的需要physiological needs375. 维持maintenance376. 保健hygiene377. 激励因素motivator378. 概率probability379. 强化理论reinforcement theory380. 反馈feedback381. 奖金bonus382. 股票期权stock option383. 劳资纠纷labor dispute384. 缺勤率absenteeism385. 人员流动turnover386. 奖励reward387. 特许经营franchise388. 热诚zeal389. 信心confidence390. 鼓舞inspire391. 要素ingredient392. 忠诚loyalty393. 奉献devotion394. 作风style395. 品质trait396. 适应性adaptability397. 进取性aggressiveness398. 热情enthusiasm399. 毅力persistence400. 人际交往能力interpersonal skills401. 行政管理能力administrative ability402. 智力intelligence403. 专制式领导autocratic leader404. 民主式领导democratic leader405. 自由放任式领导free-rein leader406. 管理方格图the managerial grid407. 工作效率work efficiency408. 服从obedience409. 领导行为leader behavior410. 支持型领导supportive leadership411. 参与型领导participative leadership412. 指导型领导instrumental leadership413. 成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership414. Action learning：行动学习415. Alternation ranking method：交替排序法416. Annual bonus：年终分红417. Application forms：工作申请表418. Appraisal interview：评价面试419. Aptitudes：资质420. Arbitration：仲裁421. Attendance incentive plan：参与式激励计划422. Authority：职权423. Behavior modeling：行为模拟424. Behaviorally anchored rating scale (bars)：行为锚定等级评价法425. Benchmark job：基准职位426. Benefits：福利427. Bias：个人偏见428. Boycott：联合抵制429. Bumping/layoff procedures：工作替换/临时解雇程序430. Burnout：耗竭431. Candidate-order error：候选人次序错误432. Capital accumulation program：资本积累方案433. Career anchors：职业锚434. Career cycle：职业周期435. Career planning and development：职业规划与职业发展436. Case study method：案例研究方法437. Central tendency：居中趋势438. Citations：传讯439. Civil Rights Act：民权法440. Classes：类441. Classification (or grading) method：归类（或分级）法442. Collective bargaining：集体谈判443. Comparable worth：可比价值444. Compensable factor：报酬因素445. Computerized forecas：计算机化预测446. Content validity：内容效度447. Criterion validity：效标效度448. Critical incident method：关键事件法449. Davis-Bacon Act (DBA)：戴维斯─佩根法案450. Day-to-day-collective bargaining：日常集体谈判451. Decline stage：下降阶段452. Deferred profit-sharing plan：延期利润分享计划453. Defined benefit：固定福利454. Defined contribution：固定缴款455. Department of Labor job analysis：劳工部工作分析法456. Discipline：纪律457. Dismissal：解雇；开除458. Downsizing：精简459. Early retirement window：提前退休窗口460. Economic strike：经济罢工461. Edgar Schein：艾德加．施恩462. Employee compensation：职员报酬463. Employee orientation：雇员上岗引导464. Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ：雇员退休收入保障法案465. Employee services benefits：雇员服务福利466. Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)：雇员持股计划467. Equal Pay Act：公平工资法468. Establishment stage：确立阶段469. Exit interviews：离职面谈470. Expectancy chart：期望图表471. Experimentation：实验472. Exploration stage：探索阶段473. Fact-finder：调查474. Fair day's work：公平日工作475. Fair Labor Standards Act：公平劳动标准法案476. Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利计划477. Flex place：弹性工作地点478. Flextime：弹性工作时间479. Forced distribution method：强制分布法480. Four-day workweek：每周4天工作制481. Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克．泰罗482. Functional control：职能控制483. Functional job analysis：功能性工作分析法484. Gain sharing：收益分享485. General economic conditions：一般经济状况486. Golden offerings：高龄给付487. Good faith bargaining：真诚的谈判488. Grade description：等级说明书489. Grades：等级490. Graphic rating scale：图尺度评价法491. Grid training：方格训练492. Grievance：抱怨493. Grievance procedure：抱怨程序494. Group life insurance：团体人寿保险495. Group pension plan：团体退休金计划496. Growth stage：成长阶段497. Guarantee corporation：担保公司498. Guaranteed fair treatment：有保证的公平对待499. Guaranteed piecework plan：有保障的计件工资制500. Halo effect：晕轮效应501. Health maintenance organization (HMO) ：健康维持组织502. Illegal bargaining：非法谈判项目503. Impasse：僵持504. Implied authority：隐含职权505. Incentive plan：激励计划506. Individual retirement account (IRA) ：个人退休账户507. In-house development center：企业内部开发中心508. Insubordination：不服从509. Insurance benefits：保险福利510. Interviews：谈话；面谈511. Job analysis：工作分析512. Job description：工作描述513. Job evaluation：职位评价514. Job instruction training (JIT) ：工作指导培训515. Job posting：工作公告516. Job rotation：工作轮换517. Job sharing：工作分组518. Job specifications：工作说明书519. John Holland：约翰．霍兰德520. Junior board：初级董事会521. Layoff：临时解雇522. Leader attach training：领导者匹配训练523. Lifetime employment without guarantees：无保证终身解雇524. Line manager：直线管理者525. Local market conditions：地方劳动力市场526. Lockout：闭厂527. Maintenance stage：维持阶段528. Management assessment center：管理评价中心529. Management by objectives (MBO)：目标管理法530. Management game：管理竞赛531. Management grid：管理方格训练532. Management process：管理过程533. Mandatory bargaining：强制谈判项目534. Mediation：调解535. Merit pay：绩效工资536. Merit raise：绩效加薪537. Mid career crisis sub stage：中期职业危机阶段538. Nondirective interview：非定向面试539. Occupational market conditions：职业市场状况540. Occupational orientation：职业性向541. Occupational Safety and Health Act：职业安全与健康法案542. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)：职业安全与健康管理局543. Occupational skills：职业技能544. On-the-job training (OJT) ：在职培训545. Open-door：敞开门户546. Opinion survey：意见调查547. Organization development(OD)：组织发展548. Outplacement counseling：向外安置顾问549. Paired comparison method：配对比较法550. Panel interview：小组面试551. Participant diary/logs：现场工人日记/日志552. Pay grade：工资等级553. Pension benefits：退休金福利554. Pension plans：退休金计划555. People-first values："以人为本"的价值观556. Performance analysis：工作绩效分析557. Performance Appraisal interview：工作绩效评价面谈558. Personnel (or human resource) management：人事（或人力资源）管理559. Personnel replacement charts：人事调配图560. Piecework：计件561. Plant Closing law：工厂关闭法562. Point method Policies：政策563. Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) ：职位分析问卷564. Position replacement cards：职位调配卡565. Pregnancy discrimination act：怀孕歧视法案566. Profit-sharing plan：利润分享计划567. Programmed learning：程序化教学568. Qualifications inventories：资格数据库569. Quality circle：质量圈570. Ranking method：排序法571. Rate ranges：工资率系列572. Ratio analysis：比率分析573. Reality shock：现实冲击574. Reliability：信度575. Retirement：退休576. Retirement benefits：退休福利577. Retirement counseling：退休前咨询578. Rings of defense：保护圈579. Role playing：角色扮演580. Salary surveys：薪资调查581. Savings plan：储蓄计划582. Scallion plan：斯坎伦计划583. Scatter plot：散点分析584. Scientific management：科学管理585. Self directed teams：自我指导工作小组586. Self-actualization：自我实现587. Sensitivity training：敏感性训练588. Serialized interview：系列化面试589. Severance pay：离职金590. Sick leave：病假591. Situational interview：情境面试592. Skip-level interview：越级谈话593. Social security：社会保障594. Speak up! ：讲出来！595. Special awards：特殊奖励596. Special management development techniques：特殊的管理开发技术597. Stabilization sub stage：稳定阶段598. Staff (service) function：职能（服务）功能599. Standard hour plan：标准工时工资600. Stock option：股票期权601. Straight piecework：直接计件制602. Strategic plan：战略规划603. Stress interview：压力面试604. Strictness/leniency：偏紧/偏松605. Strikes：罢工606. Structured interview：结构化面试607. Succession planning：接班计划608. Supplement pay benefits：补充报酬福利609. Supplemental unemployment benefits：补充失业福利610. Survey feedback：调查反馈611. Sympathy strike：同情罢工612. System Ⅳ：组织体系Ⅳ613. System I：组织体系614. Task analysis：任务分析615. Team building：团队建设616. Team or group：班组617. Termination：解雇；终止618. Termination at will：随意终止619. Theory X：X理论620. Theory Y：Y理论621. Third-party involvement：第三方介入622. Training：培训623. Transactional analysis (TA) ：人际关系心理分析624. Trend analysis：趋势分析625. Trial sub stage：尝试阶段626. Unclear performance standards：绩效评价标准不清627. Unemployment insurance：失业保险628. Unfair labor practice strike：不正当劳工活动罢工629. Unsafe acts：不安全行为630. Unsafe conditions：不安全环境631. Validity：效度632. Value-based hiring：以价值观为基础的雇佣633. Vroom-Yetton leadership trainman：维罗姆-耶顿领导能力训练634. Variable compensation：可变报酬635. Vestibule or simulated training：新雇员培训或模拟636. Vesting：特别保护权637. Voluntary bargaining：自愿谈判项目638. Voluntary pay cut：自愿减少工资方案639. Voluntary time off：自愿减少时间640. Wage carve：工资曲线641. Work samples：工作样本642. Work sampling technique：工作样本技术643. Work sharing：临时性工作分担644. Worker involvement：雇员参与计划645. Worker's benefits：雇员福利646. Adaptability 适应性647. Aligning Performance for Success 协调工作以求成功业绩648. Applied Learning 应用的知识649. Building a Successful Team 建立成功团队650. Building Customer Loyalty 对客户忠诚651. Building Partnerships 建立合作关系652. Building Strategic Working Relationships 建立战略性工作关系653. Building Trust 建立互信关系654. Coaching 辅导655. Communication 沟通656. Continuous Learning 不断学习657. Contributing to Team Success 对团队成功的贡献658. Customer Focus 以客户为中心659. Decision Making 决策660. Delegating Responsibility 授权661. Developing Others 发展他人662. Drive for Results 注重实效663. Energy 精力充沛664. Facilitation Change 推动变革665. Follow-up 跟进666. Formal Presentation 专业演讲技巧667. Gaining Commitment 具有使命感668. Impact 影响力669. Information Monitoring 采集信息670. Initiating Action 主动采取行动671. Innovation 创新672. Job Fit 胜任工作673. Leading Through Mission and Values 在使命与价值的认同中的领导才能674. Managing Conflict 解决冲突675. Managing Work (Includes Time Management) 管理工作（时间管理）676. Meeting Leadership 会议组织能力677. Meeting Participation 分享678. Negotiation谈判679. Planning and Organizing 编制计划与组织能力680. Quality Orientation 质量定位681. Risk Taking 勇于冒险682. Safety Awareness 安全意识683. Sales Ability / Persuasiveness 销售能力/说服能力684. Strategic Leadership / Decision Making 战略性领导/决策制定685. Stress Tolerance 压力忍受能力686. Technical / Professional Knowledge and Skills 技术专业知识和技能687. Tenacity 坚忍不拔688. Work Standards 操作规范689. Action learning：行动学习690. Alternation ranking method：交替排序法691. Annual bonus：年终分红692. Application forms：工作申请表693. Appraisal interview：评价面试694. Aptitudes：资质695. Arbitration：仲裁696. Attendance incentive plan：参与式激励计划697. Authority：职权698. Behavior modeling：行为模拟699. Behaviorally anchored rating scale (bars)：行为锚定等级评价法700. Benchmark job：基准职位701. Benefits：福利702. Bias：个人偏见703. Boycott：联合抵制704. Bumping/layoff procedures：工作替换/临时解雇程序705. Burnout：耗竭706. Candidate-order error：候选人次序错误707. Capital accumulation program：资本积累方案708. Career anchors：职业锚709. Career cycle：职业周期710. Career planning and development：职业规划与职业发展711. Case study method：案例研究方法712. Central tendency：居中趋势713. Citations：传讯714. Civil Rights Act：民权法715. Classes：类716. Classification (or grading) method：归类（或分级）法717. 集体谈判Comparable worth：可比价值718. Compensable factor：报酬因素719. Computerized forecast：计算机化预测720. Content validity：内容效度721. Criterion validity：效标效度722. Critical incident method：关键事件法723. Davis-Bacon Act (DBA)：戴维斯―佩根法案724. Day-to-day-collective bargaining：日常集体谈判725. Decline stage：下降阶段726. Deferred profit-sharing plan：延期利润分享计划727. Defined benefit：固定福利728. Defined contribution：固定缴款729. Department of Labor job analysis：劳工部工作分析法730. Discipline：纪律731. Dismissal：解雇；开除732. Downsizing：精简733. Early retirement window：提前退休窗口734. Economic strike：经济罢工735. Edgar Schein：艾德加•施恩736. Employee compensation：职员报酬737. Employee orientation：雇员上岗引导738. Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) ：雇员退休收入保障法案739. Employee services benefits：雇员服务福利740. Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) ：雇员持股计划741. Equal Pay Act：公平工资法742. Establishment stage：确立阶段743. Exit interviews：离职面谈744. Expectancy chart：期望图表745. Experimentation：实验746. Exploration stage：探索阶段747. Fact-finder：调查748. Fair day’s work：公平日工作749. Fair Labor Standards Act：公平劳动标准法案750. Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利计划751. Flex place：弹性工作地点752. Flextime：弹性工作时间753. Forced distribution method：强制分布法754. Four-day workweek：每周天工作制755. Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克•泰罗756. Functional control：职能控制757. Functional job analysis：功能性工作分析法758. 沟通Communication759. 个人发展Personal Development760. 电子学习e-Learning761. 项目管理Project Management762. 领导艺术Leadership763. 团队建设Team Building764. 管理Management765. 商务管理类766. 行政管理Administrative Support767. 人力资源Human Resources768. 商法Business Law769. 行业Industry770. 客户服务Customer Service771. 知识管理Knowledge Management772. 电子商务e-Business773. 市场Marketing774. 金融/财会Finance & Accounting775. 企业运营Operations776. 财务服务Financial Services777. 销售Sales778. able 有才干的，能干的adaptable 适应性强的779. active 主动的，活跃的aggressive 有进取心的780. ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的781. amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的782. apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的783. audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的784. careful 办理仔细的candid 正直的785. competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的786. cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的787. dedicated 有奉献精神的dependable 可靠的788. diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的789. dutiful 尽职的well--educated 受过良好教育的790. efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的791. expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的792. frank 直率的，真诚的generous 宽宏大量的793. genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的794. humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的795. independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的796. ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的797. intelligent 理解力强的learned 精通某门学问的798. logical 条理分明的methodical 有方法的799. modest 谦虚的objective 客观的800. precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的801. realistic 实事求是的responsible 负责的802. sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的803. steady 踏实的systematic 有系统的804. purposeful 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的805. temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的806. name 姓名in. 英寸807. pen name 笔名ft. 英尺808. alias 别名street 街809. Mr. 先生road 路810. Miss 小姐district 区811. Ms （小姐或太太）house number 门牌812. Mrs. 太太lane 胡同，巷813. age 年龄height 身高814. bloodtype 血型weight 体重815. address 地址born 生于816. permanent address 永久住址birthday 生日817. province 省birthdate 出生日期818. city 市birthplace 出生地点819. county 县home phone 住宅电话820. prefecture 专区office phone 办公电话821. autonomous region 自治区business phone 办公电话822. nationality 民族；国籍current address 目前住址823. citizenship 国籍date of birth 出生日期824. native place 籍贯postal code 邮政编码825. duel citizenship 双重国籍marital status 婚姻状况826. family status 家庭状况married 已婚827. single 未婚divorced 离异828. separated 分居number of children 子女人数829. health condition 健康状况health 健康状况830. excellent （身体）极佳short-sighted 近视831. far-sighted 远视ID card 身份证832. date of availability 可到职时间membership 会员、资格833. president 会长vice-president 副会长834. director 理事standing director 常务理事835. society 学会association 协会836. secretary-general 秘书长research society 研究会837. work experience 工作经历occupational history 工作经历838. professionalhistory 职业经历specific experience 具体经历839. responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业840. achievements 工作成就，业绩administer 管理841. assist 辅助adapted to 适应于842. accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被认命的843. adept in 善于analyze 分析844. authorized 委任的；核准的behave 表现845. break the record 打破纪录breakthrough 关键问题的解决846. control 控制conduct 经营，处理847. cost 成本；费用create 创造848. demonstrate 证明，示范decrease 减少849. design 设计develop 开发，发挥850. devise 设计，发明direct 指导851. double 加倍，翻一番earn 获得，赚取852. effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除853. enlarge 扩大enrich 使丰富854. exploit 开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活855. establish 设立（公司等）；使开业evaluation 估价，评价856. execute 实行，实施expedite 加快；促进857. generate 产生good at 擅长于858. guide 指导；操纵improve 改进，提高859. initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新860. invest 投资integrate 使结合；使一体化861. justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）862. maintain 保持；维修modernize 使现代化863. negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名；被认命的864. overcome 克服perfect 使完善；改善865. perform 执行，履行profit 利润866. be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名（推荐）为867. realize 实现（目标）获得（利润）reconstruct 重建868. recorded 记载的refine 精练，精制869. registered 已注册的regenerate 更新，使再生870. replace 接替，替换retrieve 挽回871. revenue 收益，收入scientific 科学的，系统的872. self-dependence 自力更生serve 服务，供职873. settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低……效能874. simplify 简化，精简spread 传播，扩大875. standard 标准，规格supervises 监督，管理876. supply 供给，满足systematize 使系统化877. test 试验，检验well-trained 训练有素的878. valuable 有价值的target 目标，指标879. working model 劳动模范advanced worker 先进工作者880. education 学历educational history 学历881. educational background 教育程度curriculum 课程882. major 主修minor 副修883. educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括884. specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程885. special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践886. part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作887. vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程888. extracurricularactivities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动889. recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动890. social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励891. scholarship 奖学金excellent League member 优秀团员892. excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会893. off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训894. educational system 学制cademic year 学年895. semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）896. supervisor 论文导师pass 及格897. fail 不及格marks 分数898. examination 考试degree 学位899. post doctorate 博士后doctor(Ph.D) 博士900. master 硕士bachelor 学士901. graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生902. abroad student 留学生undergraduate 大学肆业生903. government-supportedstudent 公费生commoner 自费生904. extern 走读生intern 实习生905. prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生906. graduate 毕业生guest student 旁听生（英）907. auditor 旁听生（美）day-student 走读生908. objective 目标position desired 希望职位909. job objective 工作目标employment objective 工作目标910. career objective 职业目标position sought 谋求职位911. position wanted 希望职位position appliedfor 申请职位912. for more specializedwork 为更专门的工作913. for prospectsof promotion 为晋升的前途914. for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任915. for wider experience 为扩大工作经验916. due to close-downof company 由于公司倒闭917. due to expiryof employment 由于雇用期满918. sought a betterjob 找到了更好的工作919. to seek a betterjob 找一份更好的工作920. hobbies 业余爱好play the guitar 弹吉他921. reading 阅读play chess 下棋922. play 话剧long distance running 长跑923. play bridge 打桥牌collecting stamps 集邮924. play tennis 打网球jogging 慢跑925. sewing 缝纫travelling 旅游926. listening to symphony 听交响乐do some clay scultures 搞泥塑。

管理会计术语中英对照表

管理会计术语中英对照表许多时候，我们会遇到英文的会计术语，虽然在国内普遍使用中文，但偶尔情况也会有英文术语的出现也需要用到，所以本对照表可以解决你的不时之需。

AABCoverhead costing 作业成本法下的间接成本分摊absorptioncosting 吸收成本法absorptioncost, benefits and limitation 吸收成本法的优点与局限性accelerateddepreciation methods 加速折旧法accountingassumptions and conventions 会计假设和会计惯例accountingchanges 会计变更accountingequation 会计恒等式accountingfor cost flows in a manufacturingcompany 制造业成本流转会计Accountfor the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets 长期资产损失或处置会计accountinginformation systems 会计信息系统accountingpolicies 会计政策accountingrecognition 会计确认accounting, accrual 权责发生制accounting, responsibility 会计责任accounting,variable overhead 变动制造费用会计accounting,payable 应付账款accounting,receivable 应收账款accountsreceivables disclosure 应收账款披露accrualaccounting 权责发生制activityanalysis 作业活动分析activitycost driver 作业成本动因activitymethod (variable charge approach) 作业方法（变动法）activity-basedbudgeting(ABB) 作业基础预算法activity-basedcost drivers 作业成本动因activity-basedcosting(ABC) 作业成本法activity-basedmanagement (ABM) 作业管理法activity-basedmanagement, advantages and disadvantages 作业管理法的优势与劣势actualcost 实际成本AIS.See accounting information systems 会计信息系统allocationbase 分摊基础allocationof service department costs 服务部门成本分摊allocationrate, fixed overhead cost 固定间接成本的分摊率allocationrate ,variable overhead cost 变动间接成本的分摊率allocation,direct method 直接法分摊allocation,reciprocal method 交叉分摊法allowancemethod 备抵法allocation,step-down method 按步向下分摊法amortization摊销analysisof variation 差异分析analysisof variation, mix and yiels variances 差异分析，组合和产出差异analysisof variation,price and efficiency variances for direct material inputs直接人工与材料投入的价格与效率差异分析analysisof variation, spending and efficiency variances for variable and fixed overhead变动和固定制造费用的费用与效率差异分析analysisof variation, sales mix variance 销售组合差异分析annualreport 年报applicationsoftware packages 软件包的应用artificialintelligence 人工智能assets资产assuranceservices 保险服务attestationengagement 证明业务audit 审计audit,compliance 合规性审计audit，operational 营运升级authoritativebudget(top-down budget) 权威式（自上而下）预算法authoritativestandard(cost) 权威式标准（成本）automated clearing house(ACH) 自动清算系统Bbackflush costing 及时制造后推成本法balancesheet components 资产负债表要素balancesheet, Pro forma 迷你资产负债表balancedscorecard, example 平衡记分卡例子balancedscorecard, implementing the 平衡记分卡的实施batchprocessing 批量处理benchmarking标杆分析benefits,tangible and intangible 有形和无形收益boardof directors 董事会bondterminology 债券术语bondtypes 债券种类bookvalue method 账面价值法browser(Web)software 浏览器软件budgetbalance sheet 预算资产负债表budgetcommittee 预算委员会budgetcoordinator 预算协调员budgetcycle 预算周期budgetnegotiation 预算商议budgetparticipants 预算参与者budgetperiod 预算期budgetprocess 预算流程budgetproposal 预算提案budgetreview and approval 预算检查与批准budgetrevision 预算修正budgetslack 预算松弛budgetsystems 预算制度budget,authoritative (top-down) 权威式（自上而下）预算budget,capital 资本预算budget,cash 现金预算budget,combined 预算合并budget,cost of goods sold 产品销售成本预算budget,definition of 预算的定义budget,direct labor 直接人工预算budgetdirect materials 直接材料预算budgetemployee benefits 员工福利预算budget,financial 财务预算budget,fixable 弹性预算budget,incremental 增量预算budget,operating 营业预算budget,overhead 间接费用预算budget,participative 参与式预算budget,production 生产预算budget,sales 销售预算budget,selling and administrative expense 销售与管理费用预算budgetstatic 静态预算budgetarycontrol 预算控制budgeting预算编制budgetingprocess experts 预算流程专家budgetingsteps 预算步骤budgeting,characteristics of successful 成功的预算流程特征budgeting,flexible 弹性预算budgets,continuous 连续预算budgets,financial 财务预算budgets,kaizen 包涵改善内容的预算budgets,project 项目预算budgets,strategy and planning 战略与计划预算budgets,zero-based 零基预算businessnetwork 商业网络businessfunctions, support 企业功能，支持businessinformation systems (BIS) 企业信息系统businessintelligence 商业情报businessunit profitability analysis 部门盈利能力分析business-to-business(B2B)e-commerce 企对企商务by-products副产品Ccapacity产能capacityutilizations, master budget 产能利用率总预算capacityutilization, normal 正常产能利用率capacity,practical 实际产能capacity,theoretical 理论产能capitallease 资本租赁capitallease obligation 资本租赁债务capitalstock 股本carryingcost 持有成本cash现金cashbudget 现金预算cashdisbursements 现金支付cashdisbursements (outflows) 现金支付cashdiscounts 现金折扣cashexcess 超额现金cashflow return on investment（CEROI）投资活动产生的现金流量cashflows from operating activities 经营活动产生的现金流量cashreceipts(inflows) 现金收入（流入）cause-and-effectdiagram 因果图center,cost 成本中心center,investment 投资中心center,profit 利润中心center,revenue 收入中心client/servermodel 客户端/服务器系统，客户伺服器combinedbudget 合并预算combinedfinancial statement 合并财务报表committed(sunk) 契约承约（沉没）成本committedcost 契约承约成本commoncost 共同成本commoncost allocation 共同成本分配compensationbalance 补偿余额completed-contractmethod 合同完工法complexity复杂性complianceaudit 合规性审计comprehensiveincome 全面收益comprehensiveincome information 全面收益信息computernetwork system 计算机网络系统concurrentengineering(CE) 并行工程conformance符合conservatism稳健性consignedgoods 寄销货物consolidatedfinancial statement 合并资产负债表contingencies或有事项contingentliability 或有负债continuousbudget 连续预算contributionmargin 边际贡献contributionreporting 贡献报告controlcharts 控制图表control,budgetary 预算控制controllablecost 可控成本controllableprofit 可控利润conversioncost 转换成本corporatecapital(stockholders’ equity) 公司资本（股东权益）costaccounting term 成本会计术语costaccumulation 成本归集costallocation 成本分摊costassignment 成本分配costcenter 成本中心costdriver (allocation base) 成本动因（分摊基础）costdrivers, activity-based 作业成本动因costdrivers, executional 执行性成本动因costdrivers, structural 结构性成本动因costdrivers, volume-based 数量成本动因costflow assumptions 成本流转假设costflow, process costing 分步成本法的成本流转costflows in manufacturing companies 制造业成本流转costflows in merchandising and service companies 商业和服务业成本流转costmanagement 成本管理costobject 成本对象costof goods available for sale or use 可供出售或使用的商品的成本costof goods sold 产品销售成本costof goods sold budget 产品销售成本预算costof quality(COQ)analysis 质量成本分析costpool成本归集costrecovery method 成本回收法coststandards 成本标准coststandards, authoritative 权威式成本标准coststandards, currently attainable当前可实现的标准coststandards, ideal 理想成本标准coststandards, participative 参与式成本标准cost,actual 实际成本cost,carrying 持有成本cost,committed (sunk) 承约（沉没）成本cost,controllable 可控成本cost,conversion 转换成本cost,definition of 成本定义cost,differential 成本差异cost,direct 直接成本cost,fixed 固定成本cost,indirect间接成本cost,indirect labor间接人工成本costindirect materials间接材料成本costnocommitted(flexible)非承约（弹性）成本costnoncontrollable不可控制成本costopportunity机会成本costperiod期间成本costprime 主要成本costproduct产品成本coststep成本步骤costtotal(mixed)总成本（混合成本）costvariable变动成本cost-benefitanalysis成本收益分析cost-benefitratio 成本收益率cost-benefitrelationship成本收益关系costing(actual, normal, standard)实际成本，正常成本，标准成本costing,job order分批成本法costing,process分步成本法costs成本costs,allocation of service department服务部门成本归集costs,historical data for determining用于确定成本的历史数据criticalsuccess, factors关键性成功因素currencyrestrictions货币限制currentliabilities流动负债currentmaturities of long-term debt 本年到期的长期负债currentlyattainable standard (cost)当前可实现的标准customeracquisition获得客户customeroutcome measures顾客成果指标customerprofitability analysis客户盈利能力分析customerretention客户保留customersatisfaction客户满意度customization,application software packages定制应用软件包customscharges and tariffs关税税费及税率Ddatadefinition language (DDL) 数据定义语言datadesign (systems) 数据设计（系统）datadictionary数据字典datamanipulation language (DML)数据操作语言datamining数据挖掘datawarehouse数据仓库database数据库databasemanagement system (DBMS)数据库管理系统databasemanagement system (DBMS) types数据管理系统种类data-drivendecision support system数据决策支持系统debtsecurity债务证券decisionsupport system (DSS)决策支持系统decliningbalance method余额递减折旧法deductibleamount可扣减额deferredtax递延税款deferredtax liability递延所得税负债departmentaloverhead rate部门间接成本分摊率depletion折耗depletionaccounting 折耗会计depositmethod收现营收认列法depreciation折旧derivative衍生金融产品differentialcost差量成本digitalsubscriber line (DSL) 数字用户线directcost直接成本directcost (variable costing)直接成本法（变动成本法）directcutover (conversion/implementation)完全切换（转换/实施directfinancing lease直接融资租赁directlabor budget直接人工预算directlabor, standard costs for 直接人工标准成本directmaterials budget直接材料预算directmaterials inventory直接材料存货directmaterial, standard costs for直接材料标准成本directmethod直接法directprofit直接利润directwrite-off method直接冲销法discontinuesoperation停止经营discretionarycost 酌定成本，任意成本distributedprocessing分散式处理dividends股利dividendspayable应付股利dividends,cash 现金股利dividends,cumulative累计股利dividends,liquidating清算股利dividends,property实物财产股利dividends,scrip 票据股利dividends,stock 股票股利dollar-valueLIFO 金额数据后进先出法DuPontmethod, profitability analysis 杜邦盈利能力分析Eeconomicentity 经济实体economicvalue added (EVA) 经济附加值EDGARdatabase EDGAR数据库effectiveness效果efficiency效果efficiencyvariance效率差异ElectronicData Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR)system 电子数据手机、分析和检索系统electronicdata interchange (EDI)电子数据交换electronicfunds transfer (EFT)电子资金转帐Elementsof Financial Statements 财务报表要素employeebenefits budget员工福利名预算employeestock ownership plan (ESOP)员工持股计划enterpriseresource planning (ERP) system 企业资源计划（ERP）系统enterpriseresources planning (ERP)企业资源计划（ERP）entity-relationship(E-R) diagram实体－关系图equity(net assets)权益（净资产）equitymethod accounting权益法会计equityshare (stock) options股票期权equivalentunit (EU)约当产量executionalcost drivers执行成本动因executivesupport systems (ESS)高级管理人员支持系统expenses费用expertsystem专家系统，电子智慧系统expropriation征用ExtensibleMarkup Language (XML)可扩展标识语言extraordinaryitem非常项目Ffactoring应收账款代理fatclient (application)原客户端favorablevariance有利差异financialbudget财务预算financialproductivity财务生产力financialreporting resources财务报告资源financialreports, segmented external对外财务报告financialstatement footnotes of disclosures财务报表辅助或披露financialstatement limitations财务报表限制financialstatement user, internal and external财务报表内部和外部使用者financialstatement, pro forma模拟财务报表financialstatements for a manufacturing company 制造企业财务报表financing融资finishedgoods (FG) inventory 产成品存货First-in,first-out (FIFO) costing method先进先出成本法first,first-out (FIFO) method先进先出法fixedcost固定成本fixedcost, committed 已承担固定成本fixedcost, discretionary 酌定固定成本fixedoverhead costs 固定间接成本fixedoverhead variance 固定间接费用差异flexiblebudget 弹性预算flexiblebudget variance 弹性预算差异flexiblebudgeting 弹性预算fullcost (absorption) model 完全（吸收）成本模式fullcosting (absorption costing)完全（吸收）成本法fulldisclosure充分披露fulldisclosure principle充分披露原则functionalcurrency功能货币fuzzylogic模糊逻辑Ggaincontingencies或有利得gains利得gapanalysis差距分析generallyaccepted auditing standards (GAAS)公认审计准则goals,budgets and预算目标goingconcern连续经营的企业goodsin transit在途商业goods,consigned寄销商品goodwill商誉grossprofit (constant gross margin percentage) method毛利法groupand composite methods分类和综合法Hhierarchicaldatabase management system (DBMS) 分级数据库管理系统histogram直接图表historicalcost 历史成本historicaldata for determining costs决定成本的历史数据HypertextMarkup Language (HTML)超文本标识语言Iidealstandards (cost)理想标准if-convertedmethod如果转换法impairment,in value价值损失imputedinterest rate应计利率incomestatement preparation损益表编制incomestatement, multiple-step多步式损益表incomestatement, pro forma模拟损益表incomestatement, single-step单步式损益表income净收益incrementalbudget 增量预算incrementalcost allocation method 增量成本分配法indirectcost间接成本indirectlabor cost间接人工成本informationsystems, management-level管理层信息系统informationsystems, strategic-level战略信息系统innovation创新InsiderTrading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 年内部人交易与证券欺诈执行法案InsiderTrading Sanctions Act of 年的内部交易制裁法案installmentsales method分期付款销售法intangibleassets无形资产intangibles,artistic艺术品无形资产intangibles,contract合同无形资产intangibles,customer客户无形资产intangibles,marketing营销无形资产intangibles,technological技术性无形资产integrateddisclosure整合披露interest-bearingnote计息票据intermediateproduct中间产品Internet互联网Internetbackbone骨干网internetProtocol (IP)互联网协议intranet内联网inventoriablecost产品成本inventory存货inventoryaccounts, manufacturing company制造企业存货帐户inventoryerrors存货误差inventorylevels, determining in process costing分步成本法的存货水平inventorysystem盘存制度inventorysystem, periodic定期盘存制inventorysystem, perpetual永续盘存制inventoryvaluation存货定价inventory,beginning期初存货inventory,direct materials直接材料存货inventory,finished goods (FG)产成品存货inventory,work-in-process (WIP)半成品库存investmentcenter投资中心involuntaryconversion强制性交换Jjoborder costing分批成本法jointproducts联产品just-in-time(JIT) system及时制Kkaizenbudgets 包含改善内容的预算kaizenbudgets, benefits包含改善内容的预算的优点knowledgework systems (KWS)知识工作系统knowledge-levelsystems知识水平体系Llast-in,first-out(LIFO) method 后进先出法lease租赁leveragedlease杠杆租赁liabilities负债liabilities,current 流动负债life-cyclecosting 生命周期成本法LIFOliquidation后进先出清算LIFOreserve后进先出储备localarea network (LAN)局域网localarea network, wireless无线局域网long-termcontracts, losses on长期合同损失long-termplanning长期计划losscontingencies或有损失losses损失lowerof cost or market (LCM) rule成本与市价孰低法Mmainframecomputer 主机managementby exception method 例外管理managementby objectives (MBO)目标管理managementby objective (MBO), benefits目标管理的优点managementdiscussion and analysis (MD&A)管理层论述及分析managementinformation systems (MIS)管理信息系统management-levelinformation systems管理层水平信息系统manufacturingcompany制造业manufacturingcompany, accounting for cost flows in a 制造业成本流转会计manufacturingcompany, cost flows in a 制造业成本流转manufacturingcompany, financial statements for a 制造业财务报表marketexpectations 市场预期marketprice model市场定价模型marketshare 市场份额marketvalue 市值marketvalue added (MVA) 市场附加值marketablesecurities 有价证券masterbudget 总预算masterbudget capacity utilization 产能利用率总预算masterbudget, components总预算要素matching配比materiality重要性materialsresources planning (MRP) 物质资源计划merchandisingcompany 商品企业model-drivendecision support system 模型决策支持系统multiple-stepincome statement 多步式损益表Nnegotiatedprice model 协议价格模型netincome 净利netmarketplace 纯市场netrealizable value (NRV) 可变现净netrealizable value (NRV) for trade receivables应收货款可变现净值netrealizable value (NRV) method可变现净值法networkoperating system (NOS)网络操作系统networktopology局域网network,computer计算机网络neuralnetwork神经系统nominalunit of money名义货币单位noncommitted(flexible) cost未承担（弹性）成本noncontrollablecost不可控成本nonmonetaryassets, exchanges of 非货币性资产交易nontradereceivables非贸易应收账款normalcapacity utilization 正常产能利用率normalcosting正常成本计算notespayable应付票据Oobject-orienteddatabase management system (OODBMS) 面向对象的数据库管理系统off-balance-sheetfinancing 资产负债表表外融资officesystems办公系统online(real-time) processing 在线（实时）处理onlineanalytical processing (OLAP)在线分析处理onlinetransaction processing (OLAP)在线交易处理operatingbudget 营运预算operatinglease 经营性租赁operatingsegment, reporting 营运部门报告operationcosting 营运成本operationalaudit 营运审计operationalproductivity营运生产力operational-levelinformation systems 营运水平信息系统operations 营运operationsand performance goals 营运与业绩目标opportunitycost机会成本overhead间接费用overheadbudget间接费用预算overheadrate, departmental部门间接费用分摊率overheadrate, plant-wide工厂范围内间接费用分摊率Ppacket,data 数据包paid-incapital (contributed capital)实缴资本parvalue stock面值股parallelstrategy (conversion/implementation)平行战略（转换/实施）Paretodiagram帕累托图partialproductivity部分生产力participativebudget (bottom-up or serf-imposed budget)参与式预算法participativestandards (cost)参与式标准（成本）pensionplan退休金计划pensionworksheet退休金计算表performancemeasurement reports业绩评价报告performancemeasures, establishing确立业绩指标performance,evaluating绩效评估periodcost期间成本periodicinventory system定期盘存制periodicity周期性permanentdifference永久性差异perpetualinventory system永续盘存制phasedapproach (conversion/implementation)阶段法physicalmeasure (units-of-production) method（单位产品）实物计量法pilotstudy (conversion/implementation)指引性学习plant-wideoverhead rate工厂范围内间接费用分摊率Point-to-PointTunneling Protocol )PPTP)点对点隧道协议post-saleservice售后服务practicalcapacity实际产能preferredstock优先股pretaxfinancial income税前收入price(rate)variance价格（汇率）差异primecost主要成本proforma balance sheet模拟资产负债表proforma financial statement模拟财务报表proforma income statement模拟损益表proforma schedule of cash disbursements模拟现金支付明细表proforma schedule of cash receipts模拟现金收入明细表proforma statement模拟报表processcosting分步成本法processcosting benefits and limitations分步成本法的优点与局限性processcosting cost flow分步成本法processdesign (systems)流程设计（系统）processexperts, budgeting预算流程专家processing,batch批量加工processing,online (real-time)在线处理（实时）productcost (inventoriable cost)产品成本productprofitability analysis产品盈利能力分析productionbudget生产预算productioncost report生产成本报告productivity生产力productivity,financial财务生产力productivity,operational营运生产力productivity,partial部分生产力productivity,total factor总因素生产力profitcenter利润中心profitabilityanalysis, business unit部门盈利能力分析profitabilityanalysis, customer顾客盈利能力分析profitabilityanalysis, product产品盈利能力分析projectbudgets 项目预算projectbudgets, advantages项目预算的优势promissorynote本票property,plant, and equipment (PP&E)财产、厂房及设备proxysolicitations委任，委任投票请求PublicCompany Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)上市公司会计监察委员会purchaseaccounting采购会计Qquality质量qualityassurance (QA)质量保证qualityaudit质量审计qualityfunction deployment (QFD)质量函数配置Rreciprocalmethod 交叉分担法recordingand valuation记录与评估RegulationS-K S-K条列RegulationS-X S-X条列relationaldatabase management system (RDBMS) 关系数据库管理系统relativesales value method相对销售价值法relevantrange相关范围residualincome (RI)剩余收益resourceallocation资源分配responsibilityaccounting责任会计responsibility,assigning责任分配restrictedcash专用现金retailinventory method零售价盘存法returnon assets (ROA)资产回报率returnon equity (ROE)权益回报率returnon investment (ROI)投资回报率revenuecenter营业收入中心revenuerecognition营业收入的确认revenuerecognition and realization营业收入的确认与现实revenues营业收入revenues,unearned of deferred收入，未实现收入或递延收入reversesplit并股reviewservice审查服务rewards,assigning报酬分配rework返工ringnetwork环状网络Ssaleagreement销售协议salewith recourse有追索权的销售salewithout recourse无追索权的销售salesbudget销售预算salesforecast销售预测salespipeline销售渠道salesvalue at split-off method分离点法下的销售价值salesvolume variance销售量差异sales-typelease销售式租赁Sarbanes-OxleyAct of 2002 2002《萨班斯法案》scale规模scrap报废securedborrowing有担保借款securitization证券化segmentmargin部门毛利segmentreporting部门报告sellingand administrative expense budget销售与管理费用预算sensitivityanalysis敏感性分析servercomputer辅助计算机servicecompany服务企业short-termobjectives短期目标single-stepincome statement单步式损益表specificgoods pooled LIFO approach特殊商品后进先出法spoilage废品spoilage,in process costing 分步成本法下的废品spreadsheet电子数据表stand-alonecost allocation method独立成本分配法standardcosting标准成本法standardssources标准来源starnetwork星状网络statementof cash flow example现金流量表实例statementof cash flows现金流量表statementof earnings (income statement)收益表（损益表）statementof shareholders’ equity所有者权益变动表statement,pro forma模拟报表staticbudget静态预算statisticalcontrols统计控制stepcost阶梯成本step-downmethod按步向下分摊法stockoption认股权证straight-linemethod, depreciation直线折旧法strategicbusiness unit (SBU)战略性业务部门（SBU）strategicdecisions战略性决策strategic-levelinformation systems战略性水平信息系统structuralcost drivers结构性成本动因StructuredQuery Language (SQL)结构化查询语言successfulbudgeting成功的预算流程sunkcost沉没成本systemsdesign系统设计systemsdevelopment life cycle (SDLC)系统开发的寿命周期systemsdevelopment life cycle (SDLC), traditional 传统系统开发的寿命周期systems,decision support决策支持系统systems,expert专家系统systems,knowledge work知识工作系统systems,knowledge-level知识水平系统systems,management information管理信息系统systems,office办公系统systems,operational level information营运水平信息系统systems,transaction processing交易处理系统Ttaxliability, corporate 企业纳税义务taxableamount应税金额taxableincome应税所得technology技术temporarydifference暂时性差异theoreticalcapacity理论产能thinclient (application)瘦客户端topmanagement高级管理人员totalcost (mixed cost)总成本（混合成本）totalfactor productivity (TFP)总因素生产力totalquality management (TQM)全面质量管理tradediscounts商业折扣tradereceivables应收账款traditionalsystems development life cycle (SDLC)传统系统开发的寿命周期transactionprocessing system (TPS)交易处理系统transferpricing移转品定价transferpricing models移转品定价模式transferred-incosts转入成本treasurystock method库藏股票法two-stageallocation method 两阶段成本分摊制Uunfavorablevariance 不利差异userinterface design (systems) 用户界面设计Vvaluation,inventory存货计价value-addednetwork (VAN)增值网络variablecost变动成本variablecost model变动成本模式variablecosting变动成本法variablecosting, benefits and limitations变动成本法的优点与局限性variableoverhead costs变动间接成本variableoverhead variance变动间接费用差异varianceanalysis, variations on 差异分析的变化variance,favorable and unfavorable有利和不利差异virtualprivate network (VPN)公司专用内外互联网volume-basedcost drivers数量成本动因Wwarrantsand rights认股权证与权利warrantycosts, accounting for保修成本会计Webbrowser software浏览器软件weighted-averagemethod加权平均法widearea network (WAN)广域网wiretransfer电汇work-in-process(WIP) inventory半成品库存Zzero-basedbudget, strengths零基预算的优势zero-basedbudgeting零基预算zero-interest-bearingnote无息票据zero-interest-bearingnotes payable无息应付票据以上就是管理会计术语中英对照表，应该说已经比较全面了，希望对你有所帮助。

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