180403 英语学习高级阅读材料
高级英语课外阅读材料
高级英语课外阅读材料In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago，and studied at Stanford University in California. But don’t call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ 1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. “National identity makes no difference for me,” he says. “I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn’t matter where you are. That’s globalization.”Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT & T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. “I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn’t change that,” he says.Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business elite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the world Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200executives, politicians, academics,journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous. In an essay entitled “Dead Soul: The Denationalization of the American Elite,”Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this c lass, he writes, are people who “have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the elite’s global operations. ” Huntington argues that Davos Man’s global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeply committed to their nation. This disconnect, he says, creates “a major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American establishment,governmental and private, has become increasingly divorced from the American people.”Naturally, many Davos Men don’t accept Hutington’s term. Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of theWorld Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook does not mean erasing national identity. “Globalization can never provide us with cultural identity, which needs to be local and national in nature.”Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, most foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poor ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement.However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed world is beating a path to China and India’s door – and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn, have started what it calls a “Going Out”policy that encourages Chinese firms to buy assets overseas. Asian nations are creating “a remarkable environment of innovation,”says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco System. “China and India are graduating currently more than five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S.”That means U.S. and European companies are now facing high-quality, low cost competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs. “If the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing,”say Orit Gadiesh, chairman of consultants Bain & Co. “If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you’re in the Western world you could question that.”The biggest shift may just be starting. A landmark 2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that four economies – Russia, Brazil, India and China – will become a much larger force in the worldeconomy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and economic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2005, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world.It’s also entirely possible that the near future may see the pendulum of capital swing away from Davos Man-style globalization. One counterpoint is Manila Woman –low-paid migrant workers from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S. health care system would break down without immigrant nurses from Philippines, India, Nigeria and elsewhere. unlik e Davos Man, she says, they’re not ambivalent about being strongly patriotic.Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer runs a private equity firm in France called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world. So he’s focused Eurazeo on its domestic market. “I profit from being French in France. It’s easier for me to do deals,”Sayer says. “It’s the same elsewhere. If you’re not Italian in Italy, you won’t succeed.”That ma y sound like a narrow nationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy itself was, until 1861, not a unified nation but an aggregation of city-states.Despite tension between its north and south, there’s no contradiction between maintaining a regional identity and national one. Milanese and Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel both Milanese and Italian at once, even as he runs a company that is aspiring to become abigger international presence. The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to figure out how to strike the same balance on a global scale.。
英语学习高级阅读材料
英语学习高级阅读材料双语美文：只有在乎你的人，才会对你啰嗦Everyone has that period in which they find those who are close to them start to seem annoying .每个人都会经历这样的时期：发现身边那些亲近的人开始变得有点烦了。
You suddenly realized that they've always been talking and talking. 你会突然意识到，长久以来他们就一直不停地在说啊说。
They never stopped. 他们从来就没有停过。
Some of us get angry with them, thinking they are trying too hard to intervene in our lives.我们中的有些人，会开始变得愤怒，觉得他们对我们的生活介入太多。
But don't.但是，请不要愤怒。
Only those who really care about you will bother saying so much to you. 只有那些真正关心我们的人才会费劲对我们说这么多。
It's just that maybe they don't know the right way to put it. 只是，他们可能并不知道正确的相处办法。
Some of them push too hard because they care too much. 他们中有些人逼得太紧，那是因为他们太在乎。
Some of them speak too much because they worry about you too much. 他们中的有些人说得太多，那是因为他们太担心你。
They do this because they love you. 他们这么做，都是因为爱你。
高级英语阅读练习材料
⾼级英语阅读练习材料⾼级英语阅读练习材料 ⾼级英语学⽣应该能⽤词典和其他⼯具书独⽴解决语⾔和⽂化，背景知识⽅⾯的.难点，提⾼⾃学能⼒，增加⽂化知识，尤其是所学语⾔国家的背景和⽂化知识，更好地使语⾔和⽂化结合在⼀起。
下⾯是⼩编整理的⾼级英语阅读练习材料，希望⼤家认真阅读! Love is a Fallacy Max Shulman 4 Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious , acuteand astute--I was all of these. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And--think of it! --I was only eighteen. 5 It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, for example, Petey Butch, my roommate at the University of Minnesota. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it--this, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey. 6 One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face that I immediately diagnosed appendicitis. "Don't move," I said. "Don't take a laxative. I'll get a doctor." 7 "Raccoon," he mumbled thickly. 8 "Raccoon?" I said, pausing in my flight. 9 "1 want a raccoon coat," he wailed. 10 I perceived that his trouble was not physical, but mental. "Why do you want a raccoon coat?" 11 "1 should have known it," he cried, pounding his temples. "1 should have known they'd come back when the Charleston came back. Like a fool I spent all my money for textbooks, and now I can't get a raccoon coat." 12 "Can you mean." I said incredulously, "that people are actually wearing raccoon coats again?" 13 "All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where've you been?" 14 "In the library," I said, naming a place not frequented by Big Men on Campus 15 He leaped from the bed and paced the room, "I've got to have a raccoon coat," he said passionately. "I've got to!" 16 "Petey, why? Look at it rationally. Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. They smell bad. They weight too much. They're unsightly. They--" 17 " You don't understand," he interrupted impatiently. "It's the thing to do. Don't you want to be in the swim?" 18 "No," I said truthfully. 19 "Well, I do," he declared. "I'd give anything for a raccoon coat. Anything!" 20 My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. "Anything?" I asked, looking at him narrowly. 21 "Anything," he affirmed in ringing tones. 22 I stroked my chin thoughtfully. It so happened that I knew where to set my hands on a raccoon coat. My father had had one in his undergraduate days; it lay now in a trunk in the attic back home. It also happened that Petey had something I wanted. He didn't have it exactly, but at least he had first rights on it. I refer to his girl, Polly Espy. 23 I had long covetedPolly Espy. Let me emphasize that my desire for this young woman was not emotional in nature. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebralreason. 24 I was a freshman in law school. In a few years I would be out in practice. I was well aware of the importance of the right kind of wife in furthering a lawyer's career. The successful lawyers I had observed were, almost without exception, married to beautiful, gracious, intelligent women. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly. 25 Beautiful she was. She was not yet of pin-up proportionsbut I felt sure that time would supply the lack She already had the makings. 26 Gracious she was. By gracious I mean full of graces. She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding, At table her manners were exquisite. I had seen her at the Kozy Kampus Korner eating the specialty of the house--a sandwich that contained scraps of pot roast, gravy, chopped nuts, and a dipper of sauerkraut--without even getting her fingers moist. 27 Intelligent she was not. in fact, she veered in the opposite direction. But I believed that under my guidance she would smarten up. At any rate, it was worth a try. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. 28 "Petey," I said, "are you in love with Polly Espy?" 29 "1 think she's a keen kid," he replied, "but I don't know if you'd call it love. Why?" 30 "Do you," I asked, "have any kind of formal arrangement with her? I mean are you going steady or anything like that?" 31 "No. We see each other quite a bit, but we both have other dates. Why?" 32 "Is there," I asked, "any other man for whom she has a particular fondness?" 33 "Not that I know of. Why?" 34 I nodded with satisfaction. "In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. Is that right?" 35 "1 guess so. What are you getting at?" 36 "Nothing, nothing," I said innocently, and took my suitcase out of the closet. 37 "Where are you going?" asked Petey. 38 "Home for the weekend." I threw a few things into the bag. 39 "Listen," he said, clutching my arm eagerly, "while you're home, you couldn't get some money from your old man, could you, and lend it to me so I can buy a raccoon coat?" 40 "1 may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. 41 "Look," I said to Petey when I got back Monday morning. I threw open the suitcase and revealed the huge, hairy, gamy object that my father had worn in his Stutz Bearcat in 1925. 42 " Holy Toledo!" said Petey reverently. He plunged his hands into the raccoon coat and then his face. "Holy Toledo!" he repeated fifteen or twenty times. 43 "Would you like it?" I asked. 44 "Oh yes!" he cried, clutching the greasy peltto him. Then a canny look came into his eyes. "What do you want for it?" 45 "Your girl," I said, mincing no words. 46 "Polly?" he said in a horrified whisper. "You want Polly?" 47 "That's right." 48 He flung the coat from him. "Never," he said stoutly. 49 I shrugged. "Okay. If you don't want to be in the swim, I guess it's your business." 50 I sat down in a chair and pretended to read a book, but out of the corner of my eye I kept watching Petey. He was a torn man. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. Then he turned away and set his jaw resolutely. Then he looked back at the coat, with even more longing in his face. Then he turned away, but with not so much resolution this time. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning . Finally he didn't turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. 51 "It isn't as though I was in love with Polly," he said thickly. "Or going steady or anything like that." 52 "That's right," I murmured. 53 "What's Polly to me, or me to Polly?" 54 "Not a thing," said I. 55 "It's just been a casual kick --just a few laughs, that's all." 56 "Try on the coat," said I. 57 He complied. The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. "Fits fine," he said happily. 58 I rose from my chair. "Is it a deal?" I asked, extending my hand. 59 He swallowed. "It's a deal," he said and shook my hand. 60 I had my first date with Polly the following evening. This was in the nature of a survey; I wanted to find out just how much work I had to do to get her mind up to the standard I required. I took her first to dinner. "Gee, that was a delish(=delicious) dinner," she said as we left the restaurant. Then I took her to a movie. "Gee, that was a marvy (=marvelous) movie," she said as we left the theater. And then I took her home. "Gee, I had a sensaysh (=sensational) time," she said as she bade me good night. 61 I went back to my room with a heavy heart. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task. This girl's lack of information was terrifying. Nor would it be enough merely to supply her with information First she had to be taught to think. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. But then I got to thinking about her abundant physical charms and about the way she entered a room and the way she handled a knife and fork, and I decided to make an effort. 62 I went about it, as in all things, systematically. I gave her a course in logic. It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the facts at my finger tips. "Polly," I said to her when I picked her up on our next date, "tonight we are going over to the Knolland talk." 63 "0o, terrif (=terrific)," she replied. One thing I will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable. 64 We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked. 65 "Logic." 66 She thought this over for a minute and decided she liked it. "Magnif (=magnificent)," she said. 67 "Logic," I said, clearing my throat, "is the science of thinking. Before we can think correctly, we must first learn to recognize the common fallacies of logic. These we will take up tonight." 68 " Wow-dow!" she cried, clapping her hands delightedly. 69 I winced, but went bravely on. "First let us examine the fallacy called Dicto Slmpliciter." 70 "By all means," she urged, batting her lashes eagerly. 71, "Dicto Simpliciter means an argument based on an unqualifiedgeneralization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise." 72 "1 agree," said Polly earnestly. "1 mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything." 73 "Polly," I said gently, "the argument is a fallacy. Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good. Many people are ordered by their doctors not to exercise. You must qualify the generalization. You must say exercise is usually good, or exercise is good for most people. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simplioiter. Do you see?" 74 "No, " she confessed. "But this is marvy. Do more! Do morel" 75 "It will be better if you stop tugging at my sleeve," I told her, and when she desisted, I continued: "Next we take up a fallacy called Hasty Generalization. Listen carefully: You can't speak French. I can't speak French. Petey Burch can't speak French. I must therefore conclude that nobody at the University of Minnesota can speak French." 76 "Really?" said Polly, amazed. "Nobody?" 77 I hid my exasperation. "Polly, it's a fallacy. The generalization is reached too hastily. There are too few instances to support such a conclusion." 78 " Know any more fallacies?" she asked breathlessly. "This is more fun than dancing even." 79 I fought off a wave of despair. I was getting nowhere with this girl absolutely nowhere. Still, I am nothing if not persistent. I continued. 80 "Next comes Post Hoc. Listen to this: Let's not take Bill on our picnic. Every time we take him out with us, it rains." 81 "1 know somebody like that," she exclaimed. "A girl back home--Eula Becker, her name is, it never falls. Every single time we take her on a picnic--" 82 "Polly," I said sharply, "it's a fallacy. Eula Becker doesn't cause the rain. She has no connection with the rain. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker." 83 "I'11 never do that again," she promised contritely."Are you mad at me?" 84 I sighed deeply. "No, Polly, I'm not mad." 85 "Then tell me s o m e m o r e f a l l a c i e s . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 8 6 &q u o t ; A l l r i g h t . L e t &# 3 9 ; s t r y C o n t r a d i c t o r y P r e m i s e s . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 8 7 &q u o t ; Y e s , l e t &# 3 9 ; s , &q u o t ; s h e c h i r p e d , b l i n k i n g &q u o t ; h e r e y e s h a p p i l y . / p > p > 0 0 8 8 I f r o w n e d , b u t p l u n g e d a h e a d . &q u o t ; H e r e &# 3 9 ; s a n e x a m p l e o f C o n t r a d i c t o r y P r e m i s e s : I f G o d c a n d o a n y t h i n g , c a n H e m a k e a s t o n e s o h e a v y t h a t H e w o n &# 3 9 ; t b e a b l e t o l i f t i t ? &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 8 9 &q u o t ; O f c o u r s e , &q u o t ; s h e r e p l i e d p r o m p t l y . / p > p > 0 0 9 0 &q u o t ; B u t i f H e c a n d o a n y t h i n g , H e c a n l i f t t h e s t o n e , &q u o t ; I p o i n t e d o u t . / p > p > 0 0 9 1 &q u o t ; Y e a h , &q u o t ; s h e s a i d t h o u g h t f u l l y . &q u o t ; W e l l , t h e n I g u e s s H e c a n &# 3 9 ; t m a k e t h e s t o n e . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 9 2 &q u o t ; B u t H e c a n d o a n y t h i n g , &q u o t ; I r e m i n d e d h e r . / p > p > 0 0 9 3 S h e s c r a t c h e d h e r p r e t t y , e m p t y h e a d . &q u o t ; I &# 3 9 ; m a l l c o f u s e d , &q u o t ; s h e a d m i t t e d . / p > p > 0 0 9 4 &q u o t ; O f c o u r s e y o u a r e . B e c a u s e w h e n t h e p r e m i s e s o f a n a r g u m e n t c o n t r a d i c t e a c h o t h e r , t h e r e c a n b e n o a r g u m e n t . I f t h e r e i s a n i r r e s i s t i b l e f o r c e , t h e r e c a n b e n o i m m o v a b l e o b j e c t . I f t h e r e i s a n i m m o v a b l e o b j e c t , t h e r e c a n b e n o i r r e s i s t i b l e f o r c e . G e t i t &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 9 5 &q u o t ; T e l l m e s o m e m o r e o f t h i s k e e n s t u f f , &q u o t ; s h e s a i d e a g e r l y . / p > p > 0 0 9 6 I c o u s u l t e d m y w a t c h . &q u o t ; 1 t h i n k w e &# 3 9 ; d b e t t e r c a l l i t a n i g h t . I &# 3 9 ; l l t a k e y o u h o m e n o w , a n d y o u g o o v e r a l l t h e t h i n g s y o u &# 3 9 ; v e l e a r n e d . W e &# 3 9 ; l l h a v e a n o t h e r s e s s i o n t o m o r r o w n i g h t . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 9 7 I d e p o s i t e d h e r a t t h e g i r l s &# 3 9 ; d o r m i t o r y , w h e r e s h e a s s u r e d m e t h a t s h e h a d h a d a p e r f e c t l y t e r r i f e v e n i n g , a n d I w e n t g l u m l y t o m y r o o m . P e t e y l a y s n o r i n g i n h i s b e d , t h e r a c c o o n c o a t h u d d l e d l i k e a g r e a t h a i r y b e a s t a t h i s f e e t . F o r a m o m e n t I c o n s i d e r e d w a k i n g h i m a n d t e l l i n g h i m t h a t h e c o u l d h a v e h i s g i r l b a c k . I t s e e m e dc l e a r t h a t m y p r o j e c t w a sd o o me d t of a i l u r e . T h eg i r l s i m p l yh a d a l o gi c - p r o o f h e a d . / p > p > 00 9 8 B u t t h e n I r e c o n s i d e r e d . I h a d w a s t e d o n e e v e n i n g : I m i g h t a s w e l l w a s t e a n o t h e r . W h o k n e w ? M a y b e s o m e w h e r e i n t h e e x t i n c t c r a t e r o f h e r m i n d , a f e w e m b e r s s t i l l s m o l d e r e d . M a y b e s o m e h o w I c o u l d f a n t h e m i n t o f l a m e . A d m i t t e d l y i t w a s n o t a p r o s p e c t f r a u g h t w i t h h o p e , b u t I d e c i d e d t o g i v e i t o n e m o r e t r y . / p > p > 0 0 9 9 S e a t e d u n d e r t h e o a k t h e n e x t e v e n i n g I s a i d , &q u o t ; O u r f i r s t f a l l a c y t o n i g h t i s c a l l e d A d M i s e r i c o r d i a m . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 1 0 0 S h e q u i v e r e d w i t h d e l i g h t . / p > p > 0 0 1 0 1 &q u o t ; L i s t e n c l o s e l y , &q u o t ; I s a i d . &q u o t ; A m a n a p p l i e s f o r a j o b . W h e n t h e b o s s a s k s h i m w h a t h i s q u a l i f i c a t i o n s a r e , h e r e p l i e s t h a t h e h a s a w i f e a n d s i x c h i l d r e n a t h o m e , t h e w i f e i s a h e l p l e s s c r i p p l e , t h e c h i l d r e n h a v e n o t h i n g t o e a t , n o c l o t h e s t o w e a r , n o s h o e s o n t h e i r f e e t , t h e r e a r e n o b e d s i n t h e h o u s e , n o c o a l i n t h e c e l l a r , a n d w i n t e r i s c o m i n g . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 1 0 2 A t e a r r o l l e d d o w n e a c h o f P o l l y &# 3 9 ; s p i n k c h e e k s . &q u o t ; O h , t h i s i s a w f u l , a w f u l , &q u o t ; s h e s o b b e d . / p > p > 0 0 1 0 3 &q u o t ; Y e s , i t &# 3 9 ; s a w f u l , &q u o t ; I a g r e e d , &q u o t ; b u t i t &# 3 9 ; s n o a r g u m e n t . T h e m a n n e v e r a n s w e r e d t h e b o s s &# 3 9 ; s q u e s t io n s a b o u t h i s q u a l i f i c a t i o n s . I n s t e a d h e a p p e a l e d t o t h e b o s s &# 3 9 ; s s y m p a t h y . H e c o m m i t t e d t h e f a l l a c y o f A d M i s e r i c o r d i a m . D o y o u u n d e r s t a n d ? &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 1 0 4 &q u o t ; H a v e y o u g o t a h a n d k e r c h i e f ? &q u o t ; s h e b l u b b e r e d . / p > p > 0 0 1 0 5 I h a n d e d h e r a h a n d k e r c h i e f a n d t r i e d t o k e e p f r o m s c r e a m i n g w h i l e s h e w i p e d h e r e y e s . &q u o t ; N e x t , &q u o t ; I s a i d i n a c a r e f u l l y c o n t r o l l e d t o n e , &q u o t ; w e w i l l d i s c u s s F a l s e A n a l o g y . H e r e i s a n e x a m p l e : S t u d e n t s s h o u l d b e a l l o w e d t o l o o k a t t h e i r t e x t b o o k s d u r i n g e x a m i n a t i o n s . A f t e r a l l , s u r g e o n s h a v e X -r a y s t o g u i d e t h e m d u r i n g a n o p e r a t i o n , l a w y e r s h a v e b r i e f s t o g u i d e t h e m d u r i n g a t r i a l , c a r p e n t e r s h a v e b l u e p r i n t s t o g u i d e t h e m w h e n t h e y a r e b u i l d i n g a h o u s e . W h y , t h e n , s h o u l d n &# 3 9 ; t s t u d e n t s b e a l l o w e d t o l o o k a t t h e i r t e x t b o o k s d u r i n g a n e x a m i n a t i o n ? &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 1 0 6 &q u o t ; T h e r e n o w , &q u o t ; s h e s a i d e n t h u s i a s t i c a l l y , &q u o t ; i s t h e m o s t m a r v y i d e a I &# 3 9 ; v e h e a r d i n y e a r s . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 1 0 7 &q u o t ; P o l l y , &q u o t ; I s a i d t e s t i l y , &q u o t ; t h e a r g u m e n t i s a l l w r o n g . D o c t o r s , l a w y e r s , a n d c a r p e n t e r s a r e n &# 3 9 ; t t a k i n g a t e s t t o s e e h o w m u c h t h e y h a v e l e a r n e d , b u t s t u d e n t s a r e . T h e s i t u a t i o n s a r e a l t o g e t h e r d i f f e r e n t , a n d y o u c a n &# 3 9 ; t m a k e a n a n a l o g y b e t w e e n t h e m . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 1 0 8 &q u o t ; 1 s t i l l t h i n k i t &# 3 9 ; s a g o o d i d e a , &q u o t ; s a i d P o l l y . / p > p > 0 0 1 0 9 &q u o t ; N u t s , &q u o t ; I m u t t e r e d . D o g g e d l y I p r e s s e d o n . &q u o t ; N e x t w e &# 3 9 ; l l t r y H y p o t h e s i s C o n t r a r y t o F a c t . &q u o t ; / p > p > 0 0 1 1 0 &q u o t ; S o u n d s y u m m y , &q u o t ; w a s P o l l y &# 3 9 ; s r e a c t i o n . / p > p > 0 0 1 1 1 &。
高级阅读课外材料三
（三）Cracking the Dress Code1 When Truman Capote sent out invitations for his Black &White ball in 1966, he left nothing to chance. The writer gave his guests specific instructions: Gentlemen: Black Tie, blackmask. Ladies: black or white dress, white mask, fan. Almost 50 years later, the converging line between party dress codes can cause a type of panic last seen in New York society after Capote'sinvitations were delivered.2 Before a recent dinner party in London, I called to check the dress code. As an American,I took the Italian hostess's simple reply of "Jackets, no tie" to mean the evening would be a casual affair, akin to a barbecue at the local country club, perhaps. "Oh, you are very wrong, " my British husband replied. "When Europeans say 'Jackets, No Tie, ' it means you really have to dress up." Sure enough, the women wore vertiginous Louboutins and diaphanous chiffon dresses (despite the cold) and the men, impeccably cut blue blazers with velvet slippers that bore their family crests. Dress codes were invented to give clear sartorial direction, but these days, it can be anyone's guess. Good for rule breakers, not so much for the rest of us. Men, in particular, can have a tough time. "Men hate having to break from the norm, " says Emma Willis, who started her eponymous bespoke shirt label in 1987 and has spent the past 26 years holding many a client's hand as they navigate the Dos and Don'ts of parties. "There was even an incident of a man being thrown out ofa club because he wore a tie. No wonder everyone is nervous."3 Hosts, conscious of their guests' quandary, are finding creative ways to take fear out ofthe equation. "I was once sent an invitation to a party in California that actually included two sketches of possible outfits, " says Julian Vogel, director of fashion and beauty PR firm ModusPublicity. "I was so relieved."4 The most laid back of the social-circuit rules, Jacket No Tie is code for "show off yourbeautifully tailored wardrobe."5 "For me, this means a proper collared shirt, or even smart polo shirt, trousers and a navysingle- or double-breasted blazer—mine are made by the Roman tailor Caraceni or Anderson&Sheppard, " says Italian businessman Massimo Carello, who also sports slippers from G.J. Cleverley. "Jacket No Tie allows men coming directly from work to remove their tie and unbutton their shirts without feeling out of place."6 For Frenchman Edouard de Boisgelin, an investor and entrepreneur in London, Jacket No Tie means denim is OK. "The only time I change out of my jeans is when the invitationspecifically says 'no jeans, ' "says Mr. de Boisgelin, who owns 20 pairs of Earnest Sewns. "Otherwise, for me, it's a white shirt—I have them made by Favourbrook—jeans and moccasins. I like the Christian Louboutin Rollerball spiked loafers." He also wears mismatched velvet slippers—one depicting an embroidered screw, the other the letter U in red—by Stubbs &Wootton. Recently, he has added to those footwear flourishes by mixing cardinal red with bishop purple socks from Gammarelli in Rome, suppliers to the Vatican. Though Mr. de Boisgelin admits to occasionally feeling underdressed, he says he makes up for it by wearing extra-long cashmerescarves.7 "For an Englishman, Jacket No Tie means a double-breasted blue blazer and perhaps gray flannel trousers and a crisp white shirt, " says Audie Charles, of Savile Row tailors Anderson&Sheppard. "And I mean crisp. If it's not, send it to the laundry."8 A step up from No Tie, Lounge Suit is really just business suits, jazzed up to sound like itwill be a fun evening. It is often accompanied by Cocktail Dress for women. "Lounge suits are normal business suits, worn for semiformal occasions with a shirt and tie—unless No Tie isspecified, " says Ms. Willis. "So the trousers and jacket must match."9 But like most dress codes, there is some room for interpretation. For Mr. Carello, LoungeSuit is "a code name to say you can come straight from work." That means a double- orsingled-breasted suit from Anderson &Sheppard.10 Mr. de Boisgelin, however, eschews the norm. "A lounge suit is what you wear to afuneral or when invited to dinner with someone's parents, " he says. "This is the only occasion inwhich I will wear a tie."11 Nothing splits the male community more than the definition of Black Tie. For some, itis a sacred uniform; for others, it's just a color guide.12 "I was recently invited to the Men of the Year awards in which the host, Dylan Jones,editor of GQ, specified 'Black Tie, not Fashion Black Tie, '" says Mr. Vogel. "It has become fashionable—specifically at events like the Oscars—for men to don a textured Calvin Klein suitwith a Gucci black shirt and a very thin tie, rather than a traditional black tie, " he says. "Edgiermen prefer the modern labels like Rake Lounge to traditional black tie."13 Traditionalists, however, tend to think of Clark Gable or even James Bond when they see Black Tie on an invite. "This new trend of wearing dinner suits with black shirts makeseveryone look like a gangster, " says Ms. Charles. "It's not 'The Sopranos.'"14 A formal Black Tie dress code means a black wool suit with contrasting silk lapels andribbon down the outer seam of the trousers. It should be paired with a white bib-front shirt and a silk bow tie. Waistcoat and cummerbund are optional, but the color is not. Shoes and socks arealso always black.15 But once the band gets going, new rules apply. "Evening shirts used to have voilesleeves and backs to keep the partying man cool and fresh throughout the evening, " says Ms.Willis. "But now, men just take off their coats, ties and roll up their sleeves to hit the dance floor."16 Well, most men. "I will not remove my bow tie until I am in the car on the way home," says Mr. Carello. "The only room for maneuver in Black Tie is the choice of silk handkerchief."17 For women, this is simple: Wear your highest heels, your most fabulous jewelry andthat little or long black dress. Blow dries and manicures go without saying.18 For men, it's a bit harder. Glamorous, or Dress Up, technically means neither LoungeSuit nor Black Tie. It can be code for "dress cool, " allowing men to don edgier Savile Row labels like Richard James and Spencer Hart without looking like they are trying to be David Gandy orDavid Beckham.19 Or it can be a cue to get the maddest jacket out of your closet—all the better if it washanded down by your grandfather. "Either go adventurous and have a party shirt made, or don a Nehru velvet jacket, " says Ms. Willis. "I recently made a shirt for a man who came in distraught because the dress code was Romantic, " she adds. "It was fine white cotton, with full gathered sleeves and a deep, four-button cuff. The collar was a high band with a white cotton sash tied in a big flamboyant bow at the neck. A full shirt, then all nipped in with tight black trousers and a bigblack leather belt with a heavy silver buckle."20 A cautionary note for Brits abroad: Fancy Dress may mean "costume" in the U.K., butin the U.S., it means Black Tie. Check with the host before improvising on this one.。
高级英语阅读和写作材料二
University Daysby James ThurberI passed all the other courses that I took at my university, but I could never pass botany. This was because all botany students had to spend several hours a week in a laboratory looking through a microscope at plant cells, and I could never see through a microscope. I never once saw a cell through a microscope. This used to enrage my instructor. He would wander around the laboratory pleased with the progress all the students were making in drawing the involved and, so I am told, interesting structure of flower cells, until he came to me. I would just be standing there. “I can’t see anything,” I would say. He would begin patiently enough, explaining how anybody can see through a microscope, but he would always end up in a fury; claiming that I, too, could see through a microscope but just pretended that I couldn’t. “It takes away from the beauty of flowers anyway,” I used to tell him. “We are not concerned with beauty in this course,” he would say. “We are concerned solely with what I may call the mechanics of flowers.”“Well,” I’d say. “I can’t see anything.”“Try it just once again,” he’d say, and I would put my eye to the microscope and see nothing at all, except now and again a nebulous milky substance--a phenomenon of maladjustment. You were supposed to see a vivid, restless clockwork of sharply defined plant cells. “I see what looks like a lot of milk,” I would tell him. This, he claimed, was the result of my not having adjusted the microscope properly, so he would readjust it for me, or rather, for himself. And I would look again and see milk.I finally took a deferred pass, as they called it, and waited a year and tried again. (You had to pass one of the biological sciences or you couldn’t graduate.) The professor had come back from vacation brown as a berry, bright-eyed, and eager to explain cell-structure again to his classes. “Well,” he said to me, cheerily when we met in the first laboratory hour of the semester, “we’re going to see cells this time, aren’t we?”“Yes, sir,” I said. Students to the right of me and left of me and in front of me were seeing cell; what’s more, they were quietly drawing pictures of them in their notebooks. Of course, I didn’t see anything.“We’ll try it,” the professor said to me, grimly, “with every adjustment of the microscope known to man. As God is my witness, I’ll arrange this glass so that you see cells through it or I’ll give up teaching. In twenty-two years of botany, I…” He cut off abruptly for he was beginning to quiver all over, like Lionel Barrymore, and he genuinely wished to hold onto his temper; his scenes with me had taken a great deal out of him.So we tried it with every adjustment of the microscope known to man. With only one of them did I see anything but blackness or the familiar lacteal opacity, and that time I saw, to my pleasure and amazement, a variegated constellation of flecks, specks, and dots. These I hastily drew. The instructor, noting my activity, came from an adjoining desk, a smile on his lips and his eyebrows high in hope. He looked at my cell drawing. “What’s that?” he demanded, with a hint of squeal in his voice. “That’s what I saw,” I said. “You didn’t, you didn’t, you didn’t!” he screamed, losing control of his temper instantly, and he bent over and squinted into the microscope. His head snapped up. “That’s your eye!” he shouted. “You’ve fixed the lens so that it reflects! You’ve drawn your eye!”Another course that I didn’t like, but somehow managed to pass, was economics. I went to that class straight from the botany class, which didn’t help me any in understanding either subject. I used to get them mixed up. But not as mixed up as another student in my economics class who came there direct from a physics laboratory. He was a tackle on the football team, named Bolenciecwcz. At that time Ohio State University had one of the best football teams in the country, and Bloenciecwcz was one of itsoutstanding stars. In order to be eligible to play it was necessary for him to keep up in his studies, a very difficult matter, for while he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter. Most of his professors were lenient and helped him along. None gave him more hints, in answering questions, or asked him simpler ones than the economics professor, a thin, timid man named Bassum. One day when we were on the subject of transportation and distribution, it came Bolenciecwcz’s turn to answer a question, “Name one means of transportation,” the professor said to him. No light came into the big tackle’s eyes. “Just any means of transportation,” said the professor. Bolenciecwcz sat staring at him. “That is,” pursued the professor, “any medium, agency, or method of going form one place to another.” Bolenciecwcz had the look of a man who is being led into a trap. “You may choose among steam, horse-drawn, or electrically propelled vehicles,” said the instructor. “I might suggest the one which we commonly take in making long journeys across land.” There was a profound silence in which everybody stirred uneasily, including Bolenciecwcz and Mr. Bassum. Mr. Bassum abruptly broke this silence in an amazing manner. “Choo-choo-choo,” he said, in a low voice, and turned instantly scarlet. He glanced appealingly around the room. All of us, of course, shared Mr. Bassum’s desire that Bolenciecwcz should stay abreast of the class in economics, for the Illinois game, one of the hardest and most important of the season, was only a week off. “Toot, toot, too-toooooot!”some student with a deep voice moaned, and we all looked encouragingly at Bolenciecwcz. Somebody else gave a fine imitation of a locomotive letting off steam. Mr. Bassum himself rounded off the little show. “Ding, dong, ding, dong,” he said, hopefully. Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor now, trying to think, his great brow furrowed, his huge hands rubbing together, his face red.“How did you come to college this year, Mr. Bolenciecwcz?” asked the professor. “Chuffa chuffa, chuffa chuffa.”“M’father sent me,” said the football player.“What’s on?” asked Bassum.“I git an’lowance,” said the tackle, in a low, husky voice, obviously embarrassed.“No, no.” said Bassum, “Name a means of transportation. What did you ride here on?”“Train,” said Bolenciecwcz.“Quite right,” said the professor. “Now, Mr. Nugent, will you tell us…”If I went through anguish in botany and economics --for different reasons --gymnasium class was even worse. I don’t even like to think about it. They wouldn’t let you play games or join in the exercises with your glasses on and I couldn’t see with mine off. I bumped into professors, horizontal bars, agricultural students, and swinging iron rings. Also, in order to pass gym class (and you had to pass it to graduate) you had to learn to swim if you didn’t know how. I didn’t like the swimming pool, I didn’t like the swimming, and I didn’t like the swimming instructor, and after all these years I still don’t. I never swam but I passed my gym class anyway, by having another student give my gymnasium number (978) and swim across the pool in my place. He was a quiet, amiable blonde youth, number 473, and he would have seen through a microscope for me if we could have got away with it, but we couldn’t get away with it. Another thing I didn’t like about gymnasium class was that they made your strip the day you registered. It is impossible for me to be happy when I am stripped and being asked a lot of questions. Still, I did better than a lanky agricultural student who was cross-examined just before I was. They asked each student what college he was in --that is, whether Arts, Engineering, Commerce, or Agriculture. “What college are you in?” the instructor snapped at the youth in front of me. “Ohio State University,” he said promptly.。
高级英语阅读
Australia to Introduce Tougher Language Tests for MigrantsAustralia is planning to bring in tougher English language tests for migrants and new citizens. The country's government says too many migrants do not speak English well enough to integrate into Australian society, while critics argue the changes are discriminatory.The government says census figures indicate about one million people in Australia – or about four percent of the population – do not speakor have a basic understanding of English. More than 300 languages are spoken in Australian homes, with Mandarin the most widely used after English.“The key to successful integration into the Australian community, to economic success, to every success, social success is being able to speak English,” Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said.For more than a decade new citizens have had to pass a general knowledge test about Australia’s people, democratic traditions, and its institutions.The Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs, Alan Tudge, says a more stringent language exam is needed."We need to ensure for the interests of the migrant as much as for social cohesion, that there is that common language across the community, that common glue which is so vital for social cohesion,"he said.The government says migrants will need to have "conversational" English skills to pass the new test, but Jamal Daoud from the Social Justice Network worries that the bar will be set too high.“These English tests are very difficult to pass. There is no credible evidence that this will benefit their settlement in the country,” he said.The debate isn’t whether new citizens should learn the language but how proficient they must become.Australia wants its new citizens to embrace not only its language but also its values, such as respect for democracy, and gender equality.The government plans to introduce the new language tests laws in the coming week.。
大学英语 阅读教程(高级本)4 学生用书 11.Leading Men
11.Leading MenThey spent roughly a thousand days and nights together, from the rainy October morning they left the falls of the Ohio until they finally pulled their canoes out of the Mississippi three years later in St. Louis. They slept in impossibly close quarters, often sharing the same buffalo-skin teepee with an Indian woman, a French-Canadian interpreter and their baby. They, and several enlisted men, kept journals whose published throw weight equals 13 volumes, 30 lbs., 18 in. of bookshelf and approximately 1 million words. All that evidence notwithstanding, the more we learn about the two captains who gave their names to the Lewis and Clark Expedition, the more powerful becomes their pull on our imagination.Historians traditionally distinguish them by contrasting their personalities —the brooding Meriwether Lewis played off against the genial William Clark-Jeremy Irons hitting the road with John Goodman. Gary Moulton, editor of the explorers' journals, says, "The differences existed, but they may have been exaggerated." In reality, the two men had far more in common. They were both Virginians. They were both Army officers, six-footers and experienced outdoorsmen, who first met eight years before the expedition when they were serving in Indian campaigns in the Ohio Valley. They shared with their friend Thomas Jefferson a passion for such Enlightenment sciences as ethnology, paleontology, zoology and botany.They were both fearless spellers. Clark took "Looner" observations, ate slices of "Water millions," tracked "bearfooted Indians" and was proud to serve the "Untied States." Clark's spelling is more famously imaginative —he found 27 different ways to spell the word Sioux. (In fairness, even the best-educated Americans displayed erratic spelling until Noah Webster's dictionary standardized spelling two decades later.)Older than Lewis by four years —they were 33 and 29 when the expedition began —Clark was the more experienced soldier and frontiersman. His five older brothers had fought in the American Revolution. One, General George Rogers Clark, had led raids that kept the lower Great Lakes region out of British hands. As an Army officer, William had trekked the Ohio Valley, leading troops at least once in a skirmish with Indians. "He is a youth of solid and promising parts, and as brave as Caesar," reported a family member.But by 1803 George was sinking into alcoholism, and William had resigned his commission in part to help settle his brother's debts. The two were living together on a point of land overlooking the Ohio River just below Louisville when William received an astonishing letter from his old Army buddy.For the previous two years, Lewis had been working in the White House as Jefferson's private secretary. Like Jefferson, Lewis had lost his father at an early age; now he was in daily contact with the President, who was practically a surrogate fathers to him. Lewis told Clark that Jefferson had placed him in charge of a mission to explore "the interior of the continent of North America, or that part of it bordering on the Missouri & Columbia Rivers." Moreover, Lewis wanted Clark to be his co-commander. Jefferson had once discussed a similar mission with George Rogers Clark. But now, leaving George in his family's care, William accepted "cheerfully," and "with much pleasure”—just in time to prevent Lewis from signing up his backup choice, an Army lieutenant named Moses Hooke.Lewis and Clark got along well from the start. When Clark's anticipated commission as a captain instead came through as second lieutenant —a misstep that still rankled years later —they never told their men and treated each other as equals —placing them among the few effective co-CEOS in organizational history.They apportioned their operating responsibilities: Clark was the better boatman and navigator, Lewis the planner and natural historian, often walking ashore far ahead of the vessels being laboriously hauled against the Missouri's current. Clark clearly had the cooler head. He brokered the crucial early compromise that ended a staredown with the Teton Sioux The more mercurial Lewis hurled a puppy into the face of an Indian who angered him, and killed a Blackfeet in the corps's only violent incident.During the long winter at Fort Mandan, near today’s Bismarck, N.D., Lewis and Clark encountered Charles McKenzie, a British trader who later wrote, “[Captain Lewis] could not make himself agreeable to us. He could speak fluently and learnedly on all subjects, but his inveterate disposition against the British stained, at least in our eyes, all his eloquence. [Clerk] was equally well informed, but his conversation was always pleasant, for he seemed to dislike giving offense unnecessarily."Nothing reveals the captains more than their treatment of Sacagawea. Lewis could be aloof, dismissing their interpreter's wife as "the Indian woman," observing that "if she has enough to eat and a few trinkets to wear I believe she would be perfectly content anywhere." But the less formal Clark nicknamed her "Janey" and treated her warmly. She repaid him with gifts, including "two Dozen white weazils tails" on Christmas Day 1805. At the expedition's end, Clark offered to educate her son Pomp, "a beautiful promising Child”Either captain could assume sole leadership in a pinch —and often did. When Clark was waylaid with a boiler on his ankle and abrasions on his feet from dragging the boats up the shallow Beaverhead River, Lewis forged ahead to find the Shoshone and the horses they desperately needed to cross the mountains. But just a few weeks later, when the entire party was near starvation on the Lolo Trail, it was Clark's turn to strike out ahead to hunt for food. If there ever was tension between them along the way, it was not recorded. Each captain consistently referred to the other as "my friend Capt.C. " or "my worthy friend Capt. Lewis" and seemed to mean it. After he was accidentally shot in the backside by Pierre Cruzatte on a hunting trip, Lewis spent the next three weeks lying on his stomach in a canoe while Clark cleaned and dressed his wounds every day. The party trusted both leaders completely. Perplexed at the junction of the Missouri and Manias rivers, the men unanimously "pronounced the [north] fork to be the Missouri," Lewis noted. But when the captains overruled them (correctly), "They said very cheerfully that they were ready to follow us anywhere we thought proper to direct."We know these details because Lewis and Clark kept perhaps most complete journals in the history of human exploration. We can look over their shoulders as they and their party of 31 contend with hunger, disease, blizzards, broiling sun, boiling rapids, furious grizzly bears and unrelenting plagues of tormenting “mosquitos.” We know about the Indians who helped them, and we know that they had to eat dogs and horses to survive. We are in the canoe with Clark when he writes, "Ocean in view! O! the joy," straining to hear the waves breaking on the shore he had sought for so long.Jefferson had given Lewis an unambiguous mission: to find "the most direct & practicable water communication across this continent." Judged by that yardstick, the captains had utterly failed. What Jefferson hoped would be a "practicable" water route had turned out to be a brutal portage across parts of Montana and Idaho that included some of the most rugged wilderness inNorth America. If nothing else, later traders and settlers, appalled by the expedition's experience, learned where not to go and found a friendlier route along the Platte River across Nebraska and over South Pass in Wyoming.Rather than admit failure, Jefferson devised a solution any spinning politician would recognize: he changed objectives. The expedition, he advised Congress, "has had all the success which could have been expected." Its goal，he said, was actually the understanding "of numerous tribes of Indians hithertci'6 unknown," not to mention examining the trunkloads of specimens of plants and animals that Lewis and Clark had collected along the way.The last task of the voyage —publishing their account —fell to Lewis. He had kept the raw notes and journals he and Clark had painstakingly carried to the Pacific and back with the goal of editing them into final form. But besets8 by administrative battles in his new job as Governor of Louisiana Territory, frustrated in his romantic aspirations and sinking into a depression fueled by alcohol and possibly disease, Lewis developed one of history's monumental cases of writer's block 59 He never turned in a single Iine.On Oct. 28, 1809, Clark read the shocking report in a Kentucky newspaper that Lewis had killed himself on the Natchez Trace, near Nashville, Ten. “I fear O! I fear the weight of his mind has over come him," he wrote to his brother Jonathan. (The cause of Lewis' death is still hotly debated, though most historians believe it was suicide.) A month after Lewis' death, in a remarkable letter published in May in James Holmberg's Dear Brother: Letters of William Clark to Jonathan Clark, William wrote that, in his final delirium,6' Lewis would apparently conceive "that he herd me Coming on, and Said that he was certain [I would] over take him, that I had herd of his Situation and would Come to his relief."In one sense, Clark did exactly that in taking over the project. After further delays, including the bankruptcy of the original pubfisher, the journals finally came out in a two-volume edition in 1814 that left out most of the expedition's significant scientific discoveries.What it did include was a cartographic masterpiece: Clark's map of the West. For the first time the blank spaces on the continent had been filled in with generally accurate representations of mountain ranges and rivers. Prominently marked on Clark's map were the names of dozens of tribes that lived there, in bold type that continues to undermine the notion that the West was ever an unpopulated wilderness.The press run was a paltry 1,417 copies. It sold poorly. Two years later, Clark still had not received his own copy. By that time the nation was beginning to forget about Lewis and Clark. Well-publicized explorations led by John Charles Fremont through the Rockies to California and John Wesley Powell down the Colorado River eventually eclipsed the Voyage of Discovery in the public's imaginings of the West. Yet publishing would revive69 their reputations. New editions of the journals were published in 1893 and 1904-05, bringing the saga" to life a century after it happened.When the men of the Corps of Discovery had arrived back in St. Louis in 1806, the residents “Huzzahed three cheers.” But they otherwise did not seem to know what to make of this crew or its achievement. Two nights later, they feted the captains at William Christy's inn. There they raised toasts to, among others, President Jefferson ("the polar star of discovery")…Christopher Columbus ("his hardihood, perseverance and merit")…and Agriculture and Industry ("The farmer is the best support of government").But when the revelers got to the captains in the 18th and final toast, they seemed to be at a loss for words. Finally they settled for saluting "their perilousservices [that] endear them to every American heart."It has been that way ever since.From Time, July 8, 2002。
高级英语阅读和写作材料三
Three Days to See (1)Helen KellerAll of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty-four hours. But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours. I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets?Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry,” but most people would be chastened by th e certainty of impending death.In stories, the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune, but almost always his sense of values is changed. He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values. It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses. Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would tech him the joys of sound.Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently I was visited by a very good friends who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her wha t she had observed. “Nothing in particular,” she replied. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.Three Days to See (2)Helen KellerAt times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted. It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were the president of a university I should establish a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”. The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them. He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.Suppose you set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see. If with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, how would you spend those three precious intervening days? What would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?I, naturally, should want most to see the things which have become dear to me through my years of darkness. You, too, would want to let your eyes rest on the things that have become dear to you so that you could take the memory of them with you into the night that loomed before you.I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. First I should like to gaze long upon the face of my dear teacher, Mrs. Anne Sullivan Macy, who came to me when I was a child and opened the outer world to me. I should want not merely to see the outline of her face, so that I could cherish it in my memory, but to study that face and find in it the living evidence of the sympathetic tenderness and patience with which she accomplished the difficult task of my education. I should like to see in her eyes that strength of character which has enabled her to stand firm in the face of difficulties, and that compassion for all humanity which she has revealed to me so often.I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that “window of the soul”, the eye. I can only “see” through my finger tips the outline of a face. I can detect laughter, sorrow, and many other obvious emotions. I know my friends from the feel of their faces. But I cannot really picture their personalities by touch. I know their personalities, of course, through other means, through the thoughts they express to me, through whatever of their actions are revealed to me. But I am denied that deeper understanding of them which I am sure would come through sight of them, through watching their reactions to various expressed thoughts and circumstances, through noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and countenance.Friends who are near to me I know well, because through the months and years they reveal themselves to me in all their phases; but of casual friends I have only an incomplete impression, an impression gained from a handclasp, from spoken words which I take from their lips with my finger tips, or which they tap into the palm of my hand.How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly the essential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression, the quiver of a muscle, the flutter of a hand. But does it ever occur to you to use your sight to see into the inner nature of a friend or acquaintance? Do not most of you seeing people grasp casually the outward features of a face and let it go at that?For instance, can you describe accurately the faces of five good friends? Some of you can, but many cannot. As an experiment, I have questioned husbands of long standing about the color of their wives’ eyes, and often they express embarrassed confusion and admit that they do not know. And, incidentally, it is a chronic complaint of wives that their husbands do not notice new dresses, new hats, and changes in household arrangements.The eyes of seeing persons soon become accustomed to the routine of their surroundings, and they actually see only the startling and spectacular. But even in viewing the most spectacular sights the eyes are lazy. Court records reveal every day how inaccurately “eyewitnesses” see. A given event will be “seen” in several different ways by as many witnesses. Some see more than others, but few see everything that is within the range of their vision.Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for just three days!。
高级英语阅读
U.S. History Classes Might Skip Thousands of Years American high school students might have a big change in their world history education next year.The College Board announced in May that it plans to limit the amount of material covered in its Advanced Placement (AP) World History exam. It wants the exam to test students on their knowledge of the past 560 years or so – from the year 1450 to the present.This means students would not be tested on people, places and events before that period. They would not need to know about the Roman Empire, ancient Egyptian and Chinese history, or the Incan and Aztec civilizations before the arrival of Europeans.The proposal has been strongly criticized by teachers across the United States. Some feel the move would increase the importance of Western Europe in AP World History classes. They say students would also spend less time learning about other cultures.The College Board said it proposed the changes because the AP World History class covers too much information. It suggests teaching the material over two classes because history teachers often struggle to teach almost 100 centuries of material in just one year.However, many have argued that events taking place before 1450 are important, as they provide students with information that helps them learn about more recent history.Educators also say that schools would not have the money to pay for two AP World History classes.In response to the criticism, the College Board promised to look for a solution that is more agreeable to educators.。
高级英语阅读
EU Aims to Reduce Pesticides, Promote Organic FarmingThe European Commission has unveiled plans to protect biodiversity across the European Union while building a more sustainable food system, insisting on the need to both reduce the use of pesticides and promote organic farming.In line with its ambition of cutting greenhouse gas emissions to zero by mid-century, the European Commission wants to halve the use of chemical pesticides by 2030 and to ensure that at least 25% of agricultural land is reserved for organic farming, compared to 8% at the moment. The commission also wants to plant at least 3 billion extra trees over the next 10 years."Nature is vital for our physical and mental wellbeing: it filters our air and water, it regulates the climate and it pollinates our crops," said Stella Kyriakides, the Commissioner for Health and Food Safety. "But we are acting as if it didn’t matter, and losing it at an unprecedented rate."Frans Timmermans, the commission vice-president in charge of the so-called Green Deal, said the new plans will help the 27-nation bloc recover from the economic crisis induced by the coronavirus pandemic.The commission also estimates that investing in organic farming will help create 10-20% more jobs per hectare than traditional farming.The proposals, which still need to be endorsed by member states, got a hostile reception from European farmers’ association COPA-COGECA. Environmental organization Greenpeace also complained about the absence of a clear commitment to reduce the production and consumption of meat."The European Commission has finally accepted the science and recognizes that producing and consuming too much meat is hurting health, destroying nature, and driving climate breakdown, but chooses to do nothing about it," said Marco Contiero, Greenpeace EU agriculture policy director, adding that the EU spent billions supporting what he called the "overproduction" of meat.The farmers' association warned about the risks of a loss of income for farmers, lashing out at a perceived "attack on European agriculture.""Farmers alone must not bear the brunt of the costs of further environmental and climate protection," said COPA president Joachim Rukwied.。
高级英语阅读
Students Push Universities to Stop Investing in Fossil FuelsStudents are increasing pressure on universities to pull investments from fossil fuel industries, an effort that is gaining momentum at top schools like Georgetown, Harvard and Yale.The push that is underway at hundreds of schools began nearly a decade ago, and student activists have learned from one another's tactics as predictions about the effects of climate change continue to worsen.Georgetown University announced in February that it will end private investments in coal, oil and gas companies within the next decade, and some faculty at Harvard have called for a similar shift.Several dozen schools have stopped investing at least partially in fossil fuels, but there is debate over how much the move slows the effects of climate change or affects the profits of companies like Chevron and Exxon Mobil.Many schools have defended their investments, citing a duty to preserve and grow the income they receive from donations, while touting efforts to use investments as leverage with energy companies.At Yale University, which has a $30 billion endowment, fossil fuel investment became a big issue partly due to a student protest that disrupted a November football game between Harvard and Yale.Environmentalist and author Bill McKibben, a leader of the movement to stop such investments, said students have played a hugerole. "They've kept it up through two generations of undergraduates. Administrators hoped they'd graduate and that would be the end of the pressure, but instead it keeps building," he said.A challenge for institutions is the prevalence of investments in index funds, which makes it difficult to separate out the roughly 4% of energy stocks in such funds, said John Jurewitz of PomonaCollege. Colleges pulling their investments also wouldn't likely hurt oil companies, which have their own internal cash flows, he said."It's mainly a political statement about what the university is willing to invest in," Jurewitz said.The Independent Petroleum Association of America has pushed back with its own campaign, arguing divestment would cost university endowments millions a year with little impact on carbon emissions.。
高级英语阅读
UK Charity Cards May Have Been Made by Chinese PrisonersUK supermarket Tesco said it has stopped production at a factory in China after a British newspaper reported that the factory used prison labor to make the store's charity Christmas cards.Tesco said it is also investigating the Chinese company it hired to make the cards, Zhejiang Yunguang Printing.The Sunday Times wrote that a 6-year-old girl in south London found a card that already had a message written inside. It read: "We are foreign prisoners in Shanghai Qingpu prison China forced to work against our will. Please help us and notify human rights organization."The writer asked the person who received the note to contact Peter Humphrey, a former British journalist who spent time in the same Shanghai prison.The London girl's father, Ben Widdicombe, said at first he thought the message was a joke. But then he realized it could be very serious, and decided that they should give the message to Humphrey.Widdicombe said he also explained what the card meant to his daughter, Florence. "We explained that the person who wrote it was a prisoner in China and that the person felt the prison guards were being mean, making them do work, [and] they felt really sad," he said.Humphrey told the BBC he thinks he knows who wrote the message. He said he won't identify the person because he worries they could be punished. He also said he was “pretty sure” the message was put inside the card by a group of prisoners.Tesco said it was "shocked" by the discovery and would never allow prison labor to be used to make its products.The company says it gives almost $400,000 to charities every year from the sale of its Christmas cards.。
高级英语阅读
Number of English Learners in US Schools Keeps RisingThe number of English language learners in American public schools continues to grow. According to the US Department of Education, about 4.8 million students in US public schools were English language learners in 2015, up from 3.8 million in 2000.English language learners (ELLs) are students with limited English abilities. American education systems work to identify these students and develop programs to help them improve their English.The goal is to give students the language skills they need to fully take part in classroom activities and make sure they succeed in their studies.The state with the highest number of ELL students isCalifornia. Twenty-one percent of its public school students were English language learners in 2015. The next highest states were Texas and Nevada. Nearly 17 percent of students in both states were ELLs.Spanish is by far the most common language spoken by ELLs. About 77 percent of these students said they mainly spoke Spanish at home. Arabic is the second most commonly spoken language by ELL students, and Chinese the third.According to the National Center for Education Statistics, about 14 percent of ELLs live in cities, nine percent live in suburban areas, while only 3.6 percent live in rural areas.Not surprisingly, most English language learners were in lower grade levels. In 2015, 67 percent of students were either in kindergarten or grades 1 through 5. The other 33 percent were in grades 6 through 12.。
高级英语阅读
Studying Music May Improve Grades in Other SubjectsResearch from Cambridge University has found that students who study music may also perform better in exams in other subjects.The study looked at almost 480,000 students in England who sat General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) or equivalent exams, which are taken at age 15 or 16. A typical student usually takes GCSE exams in about nine subjects.The researchers found that students who took music as a GCSE subject got a higher grade in one or two other subjects, compared to those who didn't.The study also looked at students who sat music exams on theory and practical skill, which are available at Grade 1-8.The study found that female students who had taken the practical exam at Grade 4 or above achieved a higher grade in three other subjects, while male students got a higher grade in five other subjects, compared to those who didn't take the exam.For students who had taken the music theory exam — which include topics such as scales and composition — at Grade 4 or above, the benefits were even greater.However, these results were only found in comprehensive schools, which take students of all abilities. The improvements were not seen in students from selective schools, which usually only take students of high ability.The authors also noted that it's not clear whether studying music leads to better exam performance, or whether students who are more motivated to do well at school are also more likely to play an instrument.However, other studies have also found that there may be a link between playing an instrument and academic performance. For example, a 2019 study from the University of British Columbia found that students who took a music course did better in math, English andscience exams. It also found that taking more music courses was linked with higher exam scores.。
高级英语阅读
Daughter of New Zealand Prime Minister to Learn MaoriThe Prime Minister of New Zealand, Jacinda Ardern, says her baby daughter will learn both English and Māori, the country's indigenous language."I certainly want her to learn Māori," she told Māori Television. She also said, "It's an official language. It builds our understanding ofMāori culture as well."Ardern made headlines in June for being just the second elected leader of a country to give birth while in office. The first was Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1990. Ardern is New Zealand's third female Prime Minister, and at 38 years old, she's the youngest female leader in the world.Ardern has said that her government plans to make sure every New Zealand school student has the opportu nity to learn Māori by2025. She hopes that by 2040 at least one million New Zealanders will be able to have a basic conversation in Māori.She has said that she regrets not learning the language herself, and she and her partner, Clarke Gayford, are already trying to includeMāori in their daughter's first books. "She, one day, will teach me –and that will be a beautiful thing," Ardern said.New Zealand has three official languages: English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language. According to data from 2013, only 3.7 percent of New Zealand's population can have a conversation inMāori, although most New Zealanders know at least a few words of the language.Ardern's daughter, Neve, was given the middle name Te Aroha, which is Māori for "love," and also the na me of a mountain near Ardern's hometown. She says the name reflects the kindness that the Māori community has shown her and her daughter, since many Māori tribes have "gifted" Neve with Māori names.。
高级英语阅读
African Schools Add 'Soft Skills' Training Programs Some African schools are adding programs that teach “soft skills” - personal qualities that help a person relate to others, succeed in the job market, and in life.Soft skills include confidence, leadership, emotional strength and communication, among other things.Traditionally, secondary schools in Africa have spent more time on subjects like mathematics and science, often ignoring areas likepublic speaking and teamwork.But that is changing. Schools are exploring new teaching models to offer soft skills and professional training. It is part of an effort to prepare students to become better communicators, problem solvers and citizens.With support from the Education Development Center (EDC), Rwan da has launched a work readiness training program called Akazi Kanoze Access. The program is now offered at all of the country’s secondary and trade schools.The program has trained more than 20,000 students to help make them more appealing to employers.Emmanuel Ntagungira is a teacher and works as trainer for Akazi Kanoze Access. Ntagungira says he hopes the program will help lower unemployment, which stands at over 13 percent nationwide.In one classroom, an Akazi Kanoze trainer teaches educators to be more engaging. They jump and laugh like schoolchildren. The class is lively.In Senegal, education officials hope to reach more than 30,000 students. The government and EDC have chosen 250 schools to take part in a trial to include soft skills, business leadership and financial skills.。
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为什么值得培养每日一走的习惯We're bombarded by fitness messaging that tells us that to be healthy, we must go to extremes (no pain, no gain). But really, it doesn't have to be that hard.生活中充斥着各种各样的健康信息，这些信息告诉我们，为了健康必须走极端（没有付出就没有收获）。
但事实上，健康并不一定是件难事儿。
Simply going for a walk (especially if you do it regularly and outdoors) is an underestimated but low-stress, low-impact, accessible way to reap lots of health benefits. It can be a rejuvenating time, spent in solitude or in the company of friends, in sunshine and fresh air. Here are four benefits of going for walks-no gym membership required.走路（尤其是在户外走）是一种被低估的，但却是低压力、低影响的简单方法，能为我们带来很多健康益处。
走路会让你充满活力，可以一个人走，也可以和朋友一起走，在阳光中，在新鲜的空气中散散步吧。
It Boosts Your Mood让你心情变好Just the act of walking-the way you've probably been doing without thought ever since you were a toddler-can improve your mood, even in an environment where you may be dreading tasks you have at hand, according to a 2016 study.2016年的一项研究表示，只要走路--也许这是一种自蹒跚学步之后你就不曾思考的行为--就能让你心情变好，即使你所处的环境令人恼火、手上有一堆事需要处理。
Plus, it gives you a reason to take breaks from your chair throughout the day. If you're able to walk outside in a natural setting and not on a treadmill or at your workplace, the benefits are even more direct. Studies show that walking outdoors can help relieve stress: In one study, participants who took a 90-minute walk outdoors reported less "rumination" (repeatedly thinking negative thoughts about yourself) and showed less activity in regions of the brain linked to mental illness.此外，走路也让你有了理由，可以不用一整天都坐在椅子上。
如果你能出去走走、走到大自然的怀抱中，而不是在办公室的跑步机上走，那么效果就更加明显。
研究表明，户外散步有利于缓解压力：在一项研究中，户外走路90分钟的受试者称自己"胡思乱想"的次数少了（总是想一些消极的事情），与精神疾病相关的大脑区域的活性也降低了。
It Bolsters Heart Health促进心脏健康Activities that have you gasping for breath aren't the only ones that count as aerobic exercise; moderate walking can help you reap some of the same heart-healthy benefits.让你喘不上气的活动并不是有氧运动的唯一形式；适度步行也有益于心脏健康。
Just 30 minutes of walking a day has been shown to improve blood pressure and reduce your risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, according to the American Heart Association. This can be accomplished easily by simple decisions like parking farther away from buildings, taking stairs, and pacing while talking on the phone.美国心脏协会表示，每天仅步行30分钟就能改善血压、降低人们患冠心病和中风的风险。
简单的决定就能完成这一指标，比如把车停在远离公司/家的停车场、走楼梯、打电话的时候动动脚。
It Can Ease Sugar Cravings减轻对糖的渴望The next time you have a hankering for a sweet snack, go for a brief walk. One study showed that taking a 15-minute walk helped people cut their chocolate consumption in half at their workplace.下一次想吃甜食的时候，去散个步吧。
一项研究表明，步行15分钟可以帮助人们在工作场所减少一半的巧克力摄入量。
It Improves Brain Health促进大脑健康Going for regular walks has been associated with increased brain plasticity, the ability to create and grow new neural connections in your brain.定期步行或能提高大脑可塑性、提高在大脑中创造和增长新神经连结的能力==双语：如何通过聊天模式评估情侣关系Texting has become the most prominent form of instant communication. Because intimate partners are likely to save these messages, they form avaluable, archived, written history of a relationship’s “story.”Most of my couples haven’t realized the opportunities that their text archives offer to teach them about how well they are actually communicating with each other.如今即时通讯的主要方式就是发消息，而亲密情侣更可能将这些消息保存下来，这些聊天消息是两人爱情故事的宝贵记录。
然而大多数情侣并未意识到，这些聊天记录提供了一个独特的机会，让他们了解互相之间是如何交流的。
Using the following criteria, they could not only evaluate their relationship vis a vis the things they have texted in the past, but also better understand how they use that data to improve their relationship connections in the future. If you have a partner, read the seven criteria in each other’s presence. If you are currently single, you can still get a better idea of how your text messaging style has helped or hindered your past relationships and how you can use that data in the future.本文据此提出了7项评估要素，帮助他们评估这些聊天消息是否与面对面的聊天模式同步，又如何帮助或阻碍了他们之间的感情交流。
如果你现在有一个伴侣，你可以运用这些要素来评估两人之间的关系；如果你仍是单身，这些要素也能帮助你识别你过去的聊天方式对你的情侣关系是起到了帮助亦或是阻碍作用，并对你未来起到一定的指导作用。
1. Do Men and Women Read Texts Differently?1.内容长度Most of my patients believe that females are “wordier”than males. The actual data shows that whichever gender is the most talkative actually depends on the subject being shared.许多人认为，女性比男性更话痨。
但事实上，真正决定健谈程度的并非性别，而是被分享的对象。
Most often, women do use more words when talking about relationships, and men when talking about business, battle, or sports.不过总体而言，女性在谈论人际关系时话更多，男性则更喜欢谈论商业、战争及运动等话题。
They also unanimously tell me that men like to hear the bottom line first and work up to the backstory details only if they need them, and that women like to “set the stage”before coming to the conclusion.而且，男性喜欢先听到结论，只有在需要时才会去聆听故事背后的细节；而女性更倾向于埋下伏笔，最后得出结论。