2011年6月英语六级考试听力原文
2011年6月英语六级(CET6)真题
If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident resolved to cut plast ics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about what the che micals leaching out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body.She was also worried about the damage all the plastic refuse was doing to the environment. So she hopped on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't include plastic. "I went in and barely bou ght anything," Haegele says. She did purchase some canned food and a carton of milk--only to discover later that both containers were lined with plastic resin."Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."重磅阅读2012年6月英语四级考试强化备考六级备考策略：最新最全∙[四级]英语四六级考试强化备考：词汇篇∙[四级]2012年6月四级备考资料中心∙[六级]英语四六级考试强化备考：阅读篇∙[六级]六级强化备考：别小看单词和语法∙[四级]四级听力：注重真题多做练习∙[四级]四级单词记忆：不要死记学会高效She's right. Back when Dustin Hoffman received the most famous one-word pie ce of career advice in cinema history, plastic was well on its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste i n 2005--27 million tons of which ended up in landfills. Our food and water come wrapped in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we dri ve and the planes we ride in. But the infinitely adaptable substance has its da rk side. Environmentalists fret about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of toxic chemicals making their way from household plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life--she isn't even the only one blogging ab out this kind of endeavor. But those who've tried know it's far from easy to go plastic-free. "These things are so ubiquitous that it is practically impossibl e to avoid coming into contact with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri.Vom Saal is a prominent member of a group of researchers who have raised wo rrisome questions in recent years about the safety of some common types of plas tics. We think of plastic as essentially inert; after all, it takes hundreds of years for a plastic bottle to degrade in a landfill. But as plastic ages or is exposed to heat or stress, it can release trace amounts of some of its ingredi ents. Of particular concern these days are bisphenol-a (BPA), used to strengthe n some plastics, and phthalates, used to soften others. Each ingredient is a pa rt of hundreds of household items; BPA is in everything from baby bottles to can linings (to protect against E. coli and botulism), while phthalates are found in children's toys as well as vinyl shower curtains. And those chemicals can g et inside us through the food, water and bits of dust we consume or even by bei ng absorbed through our skin. Indeed, the Centers for Disease Control and Preve ntion reported that 92% of Americans age 6 or older test positive for BPA--a si gn of just how common the chemical is in our plastic universe.Scientists like vom Saal argue that BPA and phthalates are different from o ther environmental toxins like lead and mercury in that these plastic ingredien ts are endocrine disrupters, which mimic hormones. Estrogen and other hormones in relatively tiny amounts can cause vast changes, so some researchers worry th at BPA and phthalates could do the same, especially in young children. Animal s tudies on BPA found that low-dose exposure, particularly during pregnancy, may be associated with a variety of ills, including cancer and reproductive problem s. Some human studies on phthalates linked exposure to declining sperm quality in adult males, while other work has found that early puberty in girls may be a ssociated with the chemicals.Does that mean even today's minuscule exposure levels are too much? The sci ence is still murky, and human studies are few and far from definitive. So whil e Canada and the Democratic Republic of Wal-Mart are moving to ban BPA in baby bottles, the Food and Drug Administration maintains that BPA products pose no d anger, as does the European Union. Even so, scientists like Mel Suffet, a professor of environmental-health sciences at the University of California, Los Ange les, say avoiding certain kinds of plastics is simply being better safe than so rry.As researchers continue to examine plastic's impact on our bodies, there's no doubt that cutting down on the material will help the environment. Plastic m akes up nearly 12% of our trash, up from 1% in 1960. You can literally see the result 1,000 miles (1,600 km) west of San Francisco in the Great Pacific Garbag e Patch, a swirling mass of plastic debris twice the size of Texas. The rising cost of petroleum may get plastic manufacturers to come up with incentives for recycling; current rates stand at less than 6% in the U.S. But the best way to reduce your plastic impact on the earth is simply to use less.Here's how. You can avoid plastic bottles and toys labeled with the numbers 3 or 7, which often contain BPA or phthalates, and steer clear of vinyl shower curtains and canned foods--especially those with acidic contents like tomatoes. Vom Saal counsels that the cautious should also avoid heating plastic in micro waves. But get rid of the stuff altogether? "It's hard to go all the way," says Haegele, who, 10 months into her experiment, is leading a mostly plastic-free life. Although she still uses a plastic toothbrush, she's experimented with her own toothpaste (made of baking soda, cinnamon and vodka; for the recipe, go to her blog, She has used vinegar for conditioner an d is searching for a decent shampoo that doesn't come in a plastic bottle. Shehas tried soaplike bars of shampoo, but they make her hair feel sticky. Plus, t hey sometimes come wrapped in--you guessed it--plastic.。
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解完整版
2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he tolda NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally – but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby ColbyCollege logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools – Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action – students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always thebest-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust tothe rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laserlike focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepara tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such pro grams can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the schoolgraduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解完整版
2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解完整版Part I Writing标准版My opinion on certificate crazeThe growing tendency among college students to get all kinds of certificates has now evolved into a craze. Just randomly ask a student what he or she is busily engaged in doing, quite possibly, you would get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind. So, why’s the craze? The reason behind this phenomenon is common — the enormous pressure of finding a job. Faced with a harsh job market, most students have no choice but to seek more certificates to parlay their qualifications. Another factor is that diploma and certificates still weighs heavily in terms of signifying one’s ability. For the sake of increasing their odds of landing a better job, the students ar e compelled to run from one exam to another.Though I have an open mind toward the craze on certificates, I suggest that students should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since they do not necessarily tell their ability. Instead, they should be more involved in learning and capability boosting, thus, opportunities would come quite naturally.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。
2011-6听力文稿
GET2011-6 听力原文1. W: Steve, are you driving down to the central office tomorrow?M: Well, yeah. Do you need a ride?W: My car is in the repair shop and I really don’t want to take a bus.Q: What is the woman going to do tomorrow?2. W: I’m sorry I haven’t replied to your email before now, but I’ve been tired up with the paper work.M: You really need to take some time off.Q: Why hasn’t the woman replied to the man’s email?3. M: Excuse me. I wonder if you could mind moving your van, you are blocking the emergency exit for thegymnasium.W: I am sorry. I must have missed the sign. Could you suggest the place to park?M: If you go around the corner, there is a large parking lot near the gate.Q: What does the man suggest the woman should do?4. M: My finger is killing me!W: Did you hurt it, playing tennis?M: No, I’ve just been making phone calls all day long and many people just hang up.W: You need to try something different. Customers don’t like pushy guys.Q: What is probably the man’s job?5. W: I’ve just found out that I’m getting a raise.M: That’s great. What should we do to celebrate?W: Let’s take Michael and Jenny out for dinner. They are our best friends. I’ll spring for请客the entire meal. Q: What does the woman mean?6. W: Mike, I’m getting more and more confused. Can you help me?M: When it comes to biochemistry, it is a bit like rocket science to me.Q: What does the man imply?7. W: What do you think of the new training program?M: It’s certainly better than the old one.W: But I’m not sure we will be able to use the idea immediately.Q: How does the woman feel about their new training program?8. W: What time does the shuttle bus leave here for the airport?M: Well, the shuttle arrives and departs from the harbor square every two hours from 7:30 am but on weekends, it starts half an hour earlier.W: Oh, it’s Saturday. I might catch the second bus.Q: When will the woman probably get on the bus?9. W: Did you know that Harry was going to take Cathy on a trip to China?M: Yes, I did. He was planning on surprising her with the ticket for their anniversary but someone spilt the beans 走漏消息.W: What a shame! That was supposed to have been a surprise.Q: What have we learned about Cathy?Section BMini-talk One(This is the VOA Special English Education Report.)(Some American parents might think their children need better educations to compete with China and other countries. But how much do the parents themselves need to change?)A new book called "Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother" by Amy Chua has caused a debate about cultural differences in parenting. Ms. Chua is a professor at the Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut, and the mother of two daughters. She was raised in the American Midwest by immigrant Chinese parents.In the Chinese culture, the tiger represents strength and power. In her book, Ms. Chua writes about how she demanded excellence from her daughters. For example, she threatened to burn her daughter’s stuffed animals unless she played a piece of music perfectly. She would insult her daughters if they failed to meet her expectations.Ms. Chua (told NBC television that she)had a clear list of what her daughters, Sophia and Louisa, were not permitted to do.AMY CHUA: "Attend a sleepover, have a play date, watch TV or play computer games, be in a school play, get any grade less than an A."Many people have criticized Amy Chua. Some say her parenting methods were abusive. (She even admits that her husband, who is not Chinese, sometimes objected to her parenting style. But she says that was the way her parents raised her and her three sisters.)Ms. Chua makes fun of her own extreme style of parenting. She says she eased some of the pressure after her younger daughter rebelled and shouted "I hate my life! I hate you!"(Ms. Chua says she decided to retreat when it seemed like there was a risk that she might lose her daughter.) But she also says American parents often have low expectations of their children's abilities.AMY CHUA: "One of the biggest differences I see between Western and Chinese parenting is that Chinese parents assume strength rather than fragility."Stacy DeBroff has written four books on parenting.STACY DEBROFF: "I think the stirring of this intense debate has to do with what does it mean to be a successful parent and what does it mean to be a successful child?"(Ms. DeBroff says)Amy Chua’s parenting style is not limited to Chinese families. (She says)It represents a traditional way of parenting among immigrants seeking a better future for their children.(But she) Some educators also see a risk. When children have no time to be social or to follow their own interests, they might not develop other skills that they need to succeed in life. (Stacey DeBroff)They advise parents to develop their own style of parenting and not just repeat the way they were raised.And that's the VOA Special English Education Report. What are your thoughts about parenting styles and cultural differences? Tell us at or on Facebook at VOA Learning English. I'm Steve Ember.sleepover: a party for children or young people when a group of them spend the night at one house （儿童或年轻人在某人家玩乐并过夜的）聚会Q10: What does “tiger” represent in the Chinese culture?Q11: Which of the following were the two girls allowed to do?Q12: What is true about Amy Chua’s parenting style?Mini-talk twoMall of AmericaDOUG JOHNSON: Our listener question this week comes from China. Margaret wants to know about the most popular shopping place in America.The largest and most popular shopping mall in the United States is the Mall of America. It is in Bloomington, Minnesota, in the north-central part of the country near the twin cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul. It opened in 1992 and cost 650 million dollars to build.Each year about 40 million people visit the Mall of America. Mall officials say four out of ten people who visit have traveled long distances.Visitors come from more than thirty-two countries. Many people stay several days when they visit the mall. There are more than forty hotels within eight kilometers.The Mall of America has more than 520 twenty stores. It also has more than fifty places to eat. If you lined up all the stores side by side, they would cover a distance of almost seven kilometers. If you stayed only ten minutes in each store, it would take over eighty-six hours to complete your visit.About 11,000 people work at the Mall of America. During the winter holidays, about 13,000 people work there.When the owners designed the mall, they wanted it to be more than just a place to shop and eat. So they made entertainment a big part of their plan. The Nickelodeon Universe is an indoor theme park. It has more than twenty-five rides including several roller coasters.Another popular part of the mall is the Underwater Adventures Aquarium. It holds about five thousand sea animals. Visitors walk through a ninety-one meter glass tube. Sharks and other ocean animals swim above and beside you as you walk through the tube.Some people who visit the Mall of America have other things on their mind besides sharks, shopping, eating and roller coasters. They go to the Chapel of Love to be married. More than five thousand couples have had their weddings at the Mall of America.Q13: How much did it cost to build the Mall of America?Q14: What is the name of the indoor theme park?Q15: Which of the following might not be done in the Mall of America?More than six hundred fifty million people have visited the Mall of America since it opened eighteen years ago. Now the owners have plans for a large add ition. The “Phase Two” plan will nearly double the size of the mall. When it is complete, there will be enough room for up to nine hundred stores. （VOA）Section III Answer the QuestionsToo much anxiety about a test is commonly referred to as test anxiety. It is perfectly natural to feel some anxiety when preparing for and taking a test. In fact, a little anxiety can jump start your studying and keep you motivated. However, too much anxiety may block your performance. You may have difficulty demonstrating what you know during the test. What can you do? Here are five tips on how to reduce your test stress.1. Use a little stress to your advantage. Stressing your body is a warning mechanism. It’s a signal that how to prepare something important that’s about to happen, so use it to your advantage instead of reacting to the stress by dragging, complaining or complaining about the test with friends, taking active approach, let stress remind you to study well in advance of the test.2. Be prepared: some students think they are going to classes or they should learn to do well on tests, but there is much more to learn it than just hoping it so to get everything up in class. That’s why good study habits and skills are so important—and why no amount of cramming or studying the night before a test can take the place of the deeper level of learning that happens over time with regular study.3. Watch what you're thinking. If expecting to do well on a test can help you relax, what about when people expect they won't do well? Watch out for any negative messages you might be sending yourself about the test. They can contribute to your anxiety.If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts ("I'm never any good at taking tests" or "It's going to be terrible if I do badly on this test"), replace them with positive messages. Not unrealistic positive messages, of course, but ones that are practical and true, such as "I've studied hard and I know the material, so I'm ready to do the best I can."4. Accept mistakes. Another thing you can do is to learn to keep mistakes in perspective — especially if you're a perfectionist or you tend to be hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes, and you may have even heard teachers or coaches refer to mistakes as "learning opportunities." Learning to tolerate small failures and mistakes — like that one problem you got wrong in the math pop quiz — is a valuable skill.5. Take care of yourself. It can help to learn ways to calm yourself down and get centered when you're tense or anxious. For some people, this might mean learning a simple breathing exercise. Practicing breathing exercises regularly (when you're not stressed out) helps your body see these exercises as a signal to relax.And, of course, taking care of your health — such as getting enough sleep, exercise, and healthy eats before a test — can help keep your mind working at its best.Test Anxiety (mp3)You've participated in class, done all of your homework, studied hard, and you think you have a grip on the material. But then the day of the test comes. Suddenly, you blank out, freeze up, zone out, or feel so nervous that you can't get it together to respond to those questions you knew the answers to just last night.If this sounds like you, you may have a case of test anxiety — that nervous feeling that people sometimes get when they're about to take a test.It's pretty normal to feel a little nervous and stressed before a test. Just about everyone does. And a touch of nervous anticipation can actually help you get revved and keep you at peak performance while you're taking the test. But for some people, this normal anxiety is more intense. The nervousness they feel before a test can be so strong that it interferes with their concentration or performance.What Is Test Anxiety?Test anxiety is actually a type of performance anxiety —a feeling someone might have in a situation where performance really counts or when the pressure's on to do well. For example, a person might experience performance anxiety when he or she is about to try out for the school play, sing a solo on stage, get into position at the pitcher's mound, step onto the platform in a diving meet, or go into an important interview.Like other situations in which a person might feel performance anxiety, test anxiety can bring on "butterflies," a stomachache, or a tension headache. Some people might feel shaky, sweaty, or feel their heart beating quickly as they wait for the test to be given out. A student with really strong test anxiety may even feel like he or she might pass out or throw up.Test anxiety is not the same as doing poorly on a certain test because your mind is on something else. Most people know that having other things on their minds —such as a breakup or the death of someone close —can also interfere with their concentration and prevent them from doing their best on a test.What Causes It?All anxiety is a reaction to anticipating something stressful. Like other anxiety reactions, test anxiety affects the body and the mind. When you're under stress, your body releases the hormone adrenaline, which prepares it for danger (you may hear this referred to as the "fight or flight" reaction). That's what causes the physical symptoms, such as sweating, a pounding heart, and rapid breathing. These sensations might be mild or intense.Focusing on the bad things that could happen also fuels test anxiety. For example, someone worrying about doing poorly might think thoughts like, "What if I forget everything I know?" or "What if the test is too hard?" Too many thoughts like these leave no mental space for thinking about the test questions. People with test anxiety can also feel stressed out by their physical reaction and think things like "What if I throw up?" or "Oh no, my hands are shaking."Just like other types of anxiety, test anxiety can create a vicious circle: The more a person focuses on the bad things that could happen, the stronger the feeling of anxiety becomes. This makes the person feel worse and, because his or her head is full of distracting thoughts and fears, it can increase the possibility that the person will do worse onthe test.Who's Likely to Have Test Anxiety?People who worry a lot or who are perfectionists are more likely to have trouble with test anxiety. People with these traits sometimes find it hard to accept mistakes they might make or to get anything less than a perfect score. In this way, even without meaning to, they might really pressure themselves. Test anxiety is bound to thrive in a situation like this.Students who aren't prepared for tests but who care about doing well are also likely to experience test anxiety. If you know you're not prepared, it's a no-brainer to realize that you'll be worried about doing poorly. People can feel unprepared for tests for several reasons: They may not have studied enough, they may find the material difficult, or perhaps they feel tired because didn't get enough sleep the night before.What Can You Do?Test anxiety can be a real problem if you're so stressed out over a test that you can't get past the nervousness to focus on the test questions and do your best work. Feeling ready to meet the challenge, though, can keep test anxiety at a manageable level.Use a little stress to your advantage. Stress is your body's warning mechanism — it's a signal that helps you prepare for something important that's about to happen. So use it to your advantage. Instead of reacting to the stress by dreading, complaining, or fretting about the test with friends, take an active approach. Let stress remind you to study well in advance of a test. Chances are, you'll keep your stress from spinning out of control. After all, nobody ever feels stressed out by thoughts that they might do well on a test.Ask for help. Although a little test anxiety can be a good thing, an overdose of it is another story entirely. If sitting for a test gets you so stressed out that your mind goes blank and causes you to miss answers that you know, then your level of test anxiety probably needs some attention. Your teacher, your school guidance counselor, or a tutor can be useful resources to talk to if you always get extreme test anxiety.Be prepared. Some students think that going to class is all it should take to learn and do well on tests. But there's much more to learning than just hoping to soak everything up in class. That's why good study habits and skills are so important — and why no amount of cramming or studying the night before a test can take the place of the deeper level of learning that happens over time with regular study.Many students find that their test anxiety is reduced when they start to study better or more regularly. It makes sense — the more you know the material, the more confident you'll feel. Having confidence going into a test means you expect to do well. When you expect to do well, you'll be able to relax into a test after the normal first-moment jitters pass.Watch what you're thinking. If expecting to do well on a test can help you relax, what about when people expect they won't do well? Watch out for any negative messages you might be sending yourself about the test. They can contribute to your anxiety.If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts ("I'm never any good at taking tests" or "It's going to be terrible if I do badly on this test"), replace them with positive messages. Not unrealistic positive messages, of course, but onesthat are practical and true, such as "I've studied hard and I know the material, so I'm ready to do the best I can." (Of course, if you haven't studied, this message won't help!)Accept mistakes. Another thing you can do is to learn to keep mistakes in perspective —especially if you're a perfectionist or you tend to be hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes, and you may have even heard teachers or coaches refer to mistakes as "learning opportunities." Learning to tolerate small failures and mistakes — like that one problem you got wrong in the math pop quiz — is a valuable skill.Take care of yourself. It can help to learn ways to calm yourself down and get centered when you're tense or anxious. For some people, this might mean learning a simple breathing exercise. Practicing breathing exercises regularly (when you're not stressed out) helps your body see these exercises as a signal to relax.And, of course, taking care of your health — such as getting enough sleep, exercise, and healthy eats before a test — can help keep your mind working at its best.Everything takes time and practice, and learning to beat test anxiety is no different. Although it won't go away overnight, facing and dealing with test anxiety will help you learn stress management, which can prove to be a valuable skill in many situations besides taking tests.Reviewed by: D'Arcy Lyness, PhDDate reviewed: July 2010。
2011年6月六级听力原文(完整版)
11M :I left 20 pages here to copy ,here’s the receiptW : I’ m sorry ,sir ,but we are a little behind ,could you come back in a few minutes ?Q: what does the woman mean ?12W: I hope you are not to put out with me for the delay ,I had to stop for the Fred’s home to pick up a book on my way hereM : well , that’s not a big deal ,but you might at least phone if you know you will keep someone waitingQ : what do we learn about the women ?13W : Mark is the best candidate for chairman of the s tudent’s union , isn’t he ?M :well ,that guy won’t be able to win the election unless he got the majority vote from women students ,and I am not sure about it ?Q :what does the man mean ?14M : sorry to have kept you waiting ,Madam , I’ve located your luggage, it was left behind in Paris and won’t arrive until later this eveningW : oh ,I can’t believe this ,have it been to delivered to my hotel then ,I guessQ :what happened to the woman’s luggage ?15W：I don’t think we have enough inform ation for our presentation. But we have to give it tomorrow. That doesn’t seem to be much we can do about it.M: Yeah, at this point, we’ll have to make do with what we’ve got.Q: what does the man suggest they do?16M: I’m taking this great course psychology of language. It’s really interesting. Since you’re psychology major, you should sign up for it.W: Actually, I tried to do that. But they told me I have to take language studies first.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?17W: Can you believe the way Larry was talking to his roommate? No wonder they don’t get along.M: Well, maybe Larry was just reacting to something his roommate said. There are two sides to every story you know.Q: What does the man imply about Larry and his roommate?18M: We don’t have the resources to stop those people from buying us out. Unless a miracle happens, this may be the end of us.W: I still have hope we can get help from the bank. After all, we don’t need that much money.Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?长对话原文Conversation OneQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: You know I've often wondered why people laugh at the picture of a big belly businessman slipping on a banana skin and falling on his bottom. We are to feel sorry for them.M: Actually, Laura, I think we laugh because we are glad it didn't happen to us. But of course there is also a kind of humorous satisfaction in seeing somebody self-important making a fool of themselves.W: Yes, and there are a lot of jokes about people who are too fat or physically handicapped, you know, deaf, or short-sighted things like that. After all, it's not really funny to be like that.M: Oh, I think that's because we're embarrassed. We don't know how to cope with the situation. Perhaps we are even a bit frightened we may get like that, so we laugh.M: What about the custard pie routine?W: What do you mean 'custard pie routine'?M: You know, all those old films where someone gets so outraged with his boss, He picks up acustard pie and plasters it all over the other person's face.W: That never makes me laugh much, because you can guess what's going to happen. But a lot of people still find it laughable. It must because of the sort of the thing we'd all love to do once in a while and never quiet have the courage to.M: I had an old aunt who used to throw cups of tea at people when she was particularly irritated. She said it relieved her feelings.W: It must have come a bit expensive.M: Not really. She took care never to throw her best china.19. Why does the man say we laughed when we see some self-important people making fool of themselves?20. Why do some people joke about those who are fat or handicapped according to the man?21. Why do many people find it funny to see someone throwing a custard pie on their boss's face?22. Why do the man say she would drop cups of tea at people occasionally?Conversation TwoW：Your name Sanjay Kumar is that correct?M：Yes, madam.W：You claim you are traveling on a scholarship from Delhi University.M：That's right.W：Now it seems that a hand gun was found in your luggage. Do you admit that?M：Yes, but…W：According to the statement you made, you had never seen the hand gun before it was found in your bag. Do you still maintain that?M：But it's true. I swear it.W：Mmm, you do realize Mr. Kumar that to bring a hand gun into Hong Kong without proper authorization is a serious offense.M：But I didn't bring it. I … I mean I didn't know anything about it. It wasn't there when I left Delhi. My bags were searched. It was part of the airport security check.W：Maybe so, but someone managed to get that hand gun onto the aircraft or it couldn't have been there.M：Someone but not me.W：Tell me , where was your personal bag during the flight?M：I had it down by my feet between me and the man in the next seat.M: He was the only person who could have opened my bag while I was asleep. It must have been him.W: I see. Have you any idea who this man was?M: He told me his name, Alfred Foster. He was very friendly, after I woke up that is. He hadn't spoken before.W: Alfred Foster, we can check that on the passenger list.M: He said he had a car coming to meet him. He offered me a lift.W: Oh, Why should he do that?M: So he can get his handgun back, that's why. Please find him, Madam.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard23. What is Sanjay Kumar suspected of?24. What do we know about Alfred Foster ?25. What does Sanjay Kumar ask the woman to do finally?听力理解短文原文Section BPassage OneEveryone is looking for a good investment these days. And with stocks, currencies and companies all crashing, some are finding that taking the trip of a lifetime is actually a smart move right now. Prices are good, crowds are fewer and the dividends like expanded worldview, lifelong memories, the satisfaction of boosting the global economy—can't be easily snatched away. Sylvia and Paul Custerson, a retired couple from Cambridge, England, recently took a 16-day vacation to Namibia, where they went on bird-watching excursions. Later this year, they are planning a trip to Patagonia. "We're using our capital now," says Sylvia, "And why not? We're not getting any interest in the bank. If it's a place we really want to go, then we will go. We may as well travel while we're fit and healthy. "Some travel agents are thriving in spite of the economy. "We've had more people booking in the first quarter of this year than last," says Hubert Moineau, founder of Tselana Travel, which is planning to introduce a new program of longer adventure trips, including polar expeditions and cruises in the Galápagos. "We're hearing things like, 'We don't know what the situation will be in six months so let's travel now' ", Ashley Toft, managing director of the U. K. tour operator Explore has been surprised to see an increase in last-minute bookings of high-priced trips to such places as India, Bhutan and Nepal. "It seems people would rather give up something else than the big trip," he says. Travel has become a necessity. It's just how we travel that is changing.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. According to the speaker, why are some people willing to spend their money on travel these days?27. What is Tselana Travel planning to do, according to its founder?28. According to Ashley Toft, managing director of Explore, what is changing now with regard to travels?Passage TwoSomehow the old male and female stereotypes no longer fit. Men and women in this country haven’t been fulfilling their traditional roles for some time now. And there seem to be fewer and fewer differences between the sexes. For instance, even though more women than men are still homemakers without paying jobs, women have been taking over more responsibility in the business world, earning higher salaries than ever before and entering fields of work that used to be exclusively male areas. At office meetings and in group discussions, they might speak up more often, express strong opinions and come up with more creative and practical ideas than their male colleagues. Several days ago, my 23-year-old daughter came to me with some important news. Not only had she found the highest paying job of her career, but she’d also accepted a date with the most charming men she’d ever met.“Really?”, I responded,” tell me about them.”“Receptionist in an attorney’s office and a welder at a construction site.” She answered in a matter-of-fact way. The interesting thing is my daughter’s date is the receptionist and my daughter is the welder. The old stereotypes of men’s and women’s work have been changing more quickly than ever before, except perhaps in my own marriage.“Who's going to mow the lawn? ” I asked my husband this morning.“Oh, I will,” he answered politely. ”That's men's work. ”“What?” Irritated, I raised my voice. “That's a ridiculous stereotype. I'll show you who can do the best job on the lawn.”The work took 3 hours and I did it all myself.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. What is the speaker mainly talking about?30. What might women do at office meetings nowadays according to the speaker?31. Why did the speaker mow the lawn herself that morning?Passage ThreeFlorence Hayes is a journalist for the Green Ville Journal, the daily newspaper in town. Specifically she covers crime in the Green Ville area. This responsibility takes her to many different places every week——the police station, the court and the hospital. Most of the crimes that she writes about fall into two groups: violent crimes and crimes against property. There isn’t much violent crime in a small town like Green Ville, or at least not as much as in the large urban areas. But assaults often occur on Friday and Saturday nights, near the bars downtown. There’re also one or two rapes on campus every semester. Florence is very interested in this type of crime and tries to write a long article about each one. She expects that this will make women more careful when they walk around Green Ville alone at nightFortunately, there were usually no murders in Green Ville. Crimes against property make up most of Miss Heyes’ reporting. They range f rom minor cases of deliberate damaging of things to much more serious offenses, such as car accidents involving drunk drivers or bank robberies but Florence has to report all of these violations from the thief who took typewriters from every unlock room in the dormitory to the thief who stole one million dollars worth of art work from the university museum. Miss Hayes enjoys working for a newspaper but she sometimes gets unhappy about all the crime she has to report. She would prefer to start writing about something more interesting and less unpleasant such as local news or politics, maybe next yearFlorence HayesGreen VilleQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32 What is Florence Hayes’ main responsibility as a journalis t?33 What does the speaker say about security in Green Ville?34 What do we learn about crimes against property in the Green Ville area?35 What would Florence Hayes prefer to do?复合式听写原文Section C Compound DictationIn America, people are face d with more and more decisions every day, whether it’s picking one of thirty-one ice cream flavors, or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us confused, unhappy, even paralyzed with indecision. ‘That’s particularly true when it comes to the work place’, says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human behavior. Students are graduating with a variety of skills and interests, but often find themselves overwhelmed when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal. In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their senior year.Based on answers to questions regarding their job hunting strategies and career decisions, he divided the students into two groups：maximizers, who consider every possible option, and satisficers, who look until they find an option that is good enough. You might expect that the student who had undertaken the most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with their final decision, but it turns out that’s not true. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs than satisficers on average, they weren’t as happy with their decision. The reason why these people feel less satisfied is that a world of possibilities may also be a world of missed opportunities. When you look at every possible option, you tend to focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, a person is more acutely aware of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11.M: I left 20 pages here to copy. Here is the receipt.W: I'm sorry, sir. But we're a little behind. Could you come back in a few minutes?Q: What does the woman mean?答案：C. She has not got the man's copies ready.12.W: I hope you're not too put out with me for the delay. I have to stop by friends' home to pick up a book on my way here.M: Well, that's not a big deal. But you might at least phone if you know you're going to keep someone waiting.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?答案：B. She was late for the appointment.13.W: Mark is the best candidate for chairman of the student union, isn't he?M: Well, that guy won't be able to win the election unless he gets some majority vote from women students. And I'm not sure about that.Q: What does the man mean?答案：C. It won't be easy for Mark to win the election.14.M: Sorry to have kept you waiting, Madam. I've located your luggage.It was left behind in Paris and won't arrive until later this evening.W: Oh, I can't believe this. Have it deliver to my hotel then , I guess.Q: What happened to the woman's luggage?答案：A. It failed to arrive at its destination in time.15.W: I don't think we have enough information for our presentation, but we have to give it tomorrow. There doesn't seem to be much we can do about it.M: Yeah, at this point we 'll have to make do with what we've got.Q: What does the man suggest they do?答案：A. Just make use of whatever information is available.16.M: I am taking this great course-Psychology of Language, it's really interesting. Since you are a psychology major, you should sign up for it.W: Actually I tried to do that, but they told me I have to take language studies first.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?答案：D. The woman isn't qualified to take the course the man mentioned.17.W: Can you believe the way Larry was talking to his roommate? No wonder they don't get along.M: Well, maybe Larry was just reacting to something his roommate said. There are two sides to every story you know.Q: What does the man imply about Larry and his roommate?答案：A. They are both to blame.18.M: We don't have the resources to stop those people from buying us out unless a miracle happens. This may be the end of us.W: I still have hope we can get help from the bank. After all we don't need that much money.Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?答案：A. They are in desperate need of financial assistance.。
2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解(完整版)
2011年6月Part I Writing标准版My opinion on certificate crazeThe growing tendency among college students to get all kinds of certificates has now evolved into a craze. Just randomly ask a student what he or she is busily engaged in doing, quite possibly, you would get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind. So, why‟s the craze?The reason behind this phenomenon is common — the enormous pressure of finding a job. Faced with a harsh job market, most students have no choice but to seek more certificates to parlay their qualifications. Another factor is that diploma and certificates still weighs heavily in terms of signifying one‟s ability. For the sake of increasing their odds of landing a better job, the students are compelled to run from one exam to another.Though I have an open mind toward the craze on certificates, I suggest that students should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since they do not necessarily tell their ability. Instead, they should be more involved in learning and capability boosting, thus, opportunities would come quite naturally.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。
6月大学英语六级听力原文文字版
6月大学英语六级听力原文文字版Section A短对话1W: Can you come to the concert with me this weekend? Or do you have to prepare for exams?M: I still have a lot to do, but maybe a break would do me good.Q: What will the man probably do?2W: What does the paper say about the horrible incident that happened this morning on flight 870 to Hongkong?M: It ended with the arrest of the 3 hijackers. They have forced the plane to fly to Japan, but all the passengers and crew members landed safely.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?3M: Hello, this is the most fascinating article I've ever come across. I think you should spare some time to read it.W: Oh, really? I thought that anything about the election will be tedious.Q: What are the speakers talking about?4W: I'm not going to trust the restaurant credit from that magazine again. The food here doesn't taste anything like what we had in Chinatown.M: It definitely wasn't worth the wait.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?5W: Do you know what's wrong with Mark? He's been acting very strange lately.M: Come on. With his mother hospitalized right after he's taken on a new job. He's just gone a lot on his mind.Q: What do we learn from the conversation about Mark?6W: There were only 20 students at last night's meeting, so nothing could be loaded on.M: That's too bad. They'll have to turn up in great numbers if they want a voice on campus issues.Q: What does the man mean?7M: I try to watch TV as little as possible, but it's so hard.W: I didn't watch TV at all before I retired, but now I can hardly tear myself away from it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8W: I'm having a problem registering for the classes I want.M: That's too bad, but I'm pretty sure you'll be able to work everything out before this semester starts.Q: What does the man mean?长对话Conversation 1W: Jack, sit down and listen. This is important. we’ ll have to tackle the problems of the exporting step by step. And the first move is to get an up-to-date picture of where we stand now.M: Why don’t we just concentrate on expending here at home?W: Of course, we should hold on to our position here. But you must admit the market here is limited.M: Yes, but i t’s safe. The government keeps out foreigners with import controls. So I must admit I feel sure we could hold our own against foreign bikes.W: I agree. That’s why I am suggesting exporting. Because I feel we can compete with the best of them.M: What you are really saying is that we’d make more profit by selling bikes abroad, where we have a cost advantage and can charge high prices.W: Exactly.M: But, wait a minute. Packaging, shipping, financing, etc. will push up our cost and we could no better off, maybe worse off.W: OK. Now there are extra cost involved. But if we do it right, they can be built into the price of the bike and we can still be competitive.M: How sure are you about our chances of success in the foreign market?W: Well, that’s the sticky one. It’s going to need a lot of research. I’m hoping to get your help. Well, come on, Jack. Is it worth it, or not?M: There will be a lot of problems.W: Nothing we can’t handle.M: Um… I’m not that hopeful. But, yes, I think we should go ahead with the feasibility study.W: Marvelous, Jack. I was hoping you be on my side.9. What does the woman intend to do?10. Why does the man think it’s safe to focus on the home market?11. What is the man’s concern about selling bikes abroad?12. What do the speakers agree to do?Conversation 2W: What does the term “alternative energy source” mean?M: When we think of energy or fuel for our homes and cars, we think of petroleum, a fossil fuel processed from oil removed from the ground, of which there was a limited supply. But alternative fuels can be many things. Wind, sun and water can all be used to create fuel.W: Is it a threat of running out of petroleum real?M: It has taken thousands of years to create the natural stores of petroleum we have now. we are using what is available at a much faster rate that it is being produced over time. The real controversy surrounding the mass petroleum we have is how much we need to keep in reserve for future use. Most experts agree that by around 2025, the petroleum we use will reach a peak. Then production and availability will begin to seriously decline. This is not to say there will be no petroleum at this point. But it’ll become very difficult and therefore expensive to extract.。
2011年6月大学英语六级大学英语六级听力真题和答案及听力原文汇总
2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutesSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A She will give him the receipt later.B The man should make his own copies.C She has not got the man's copies ready.D The man forgot to make the copies for her.12. A She phoned Fred about the book. C She ran into Fred on her way here.B She was late for the appointment. D She often keeps other people waiting.13. A Mark is not fit to take charge of the Student Union.B Mark is the best candidate for the post of chairman.C It won't be easy for Mark to win the election.D Females are more competitive than males in elections.14. A It failed to arrive at its destination in time.B It got seriously damaged on the way.C It got lost at the airport in Paris.D It was left behind in the hotel.15. A Just make use of whatever information is available.B Put more effort into preparing for the presentation.C Find more relevant information for their work.D Simply raise the issue in their presentation.16. A The man has decided to choose Language Studies as his major.B The woman isn't interested in the psychology of language.C The man is still trying to sign up for the course he is interested in.D The woman isn't qualified to take the course the man mentioned.17. A They are both to blame.B They are both easy to please.C They can manage to get along.D They will make peace in time.18. A They are in desperate need of financial assistance.B They hope to do miracles with limited resources.C They want to borrow a huge sum from the bank.D They plan to buy out their business partners.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A We simply cannot help reacting instinctively that way.B We wish to hide our indifference to their misfortune.C We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune.D We think it serves them right for being mean to other people.20. A They want to show their genuine sympathy.B They have had similar personal experiences.C They don't know how to cope with the situation.D They don't want to reveal their own frustration.21. A They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to.B It's an opportunity for relieving their tension.C It's a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face.D They have seen this many times in old films.22. A To irritate them. C To relieve her feelings.B To teach them a lesson. D To show her courage.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A Smuggling drugs into Hong Kong. C Stealing a fellow passenger's bag.B Having committed armed robbery. D Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong.24. A He said not a single word during the entire flight.B He took away Kumar's baggage while he was asleep.C He was travelling on a scholarship from Delhi University.D He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar's bag.25. A Give him a lift. C Check the passenger list.B Find Alfred Foster. D Search all suspicious cars.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
(完整版)CET6-2011年6月英语六级听力原文
Q :what happened to the woman’s luggage ?
15.
W：I don’t think we have enough information for our presentation. But we have to give it tomorrow. That doesn’t seem to be much we can do about it.
女：你的名字是Sanjay Kumar，是吗？
男：是的，警官。
女：你说你是靠一笔奖学金从Delhi大学来旅游的。
男：对。
女：现在看来，在你的行李箱里发现了一把手枪。你承认吗？
男：承认，不过……
女：根据你之前的陈述，你从未见过在你包里发现这把手枪。你仍然坚持这种说法吗？
男：但是的确是这样。我发誓。
女：嗯，Kumar先生，你一定知道未经合法授权携带手枪进入香港是很严重的违法行为。
尽管经济不景气，有些旅行社的生意依然红火。Tselana旅行社的创始人Hubert Moineau说：“今年第一季度预定旅游的人比去年同期多了。”该旅行社正打算推出一项长途探险旅游的新项目，包括极地探险和Galápagos巡游。“我们听到这样的说法，‘我们不知道半年之后形势如何，那么我们现在就去旅游吧。’”英国Explore旅行社总经理Ashley Toft惊讶地发现近来在最后时间预定去印度、不丹和尼泊尔等地的高价旅游的人数增加了。他说：“人们好像宁愿放弃其他的事情而不愿意放弃长途旅游。旅游已成为一种必需品。只是我们的旅游的方式在变化而已。”
2011年6月大学英语六级真题卷+听力原文+答案详解
2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers getworse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally –but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools –Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action –students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laserlike focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give themsome prepara tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such pro grams can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年6月大学英语四级考试听力原文及答案
2011年06月大学英语四级真题Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A11. A) He is careless about his appearance. B).He is ashamed of his present condition.C).He changes jobs frequently. D).He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam. B).Jane should have started a little earlier.C).He knows what sort of person Jane is. D).He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B).Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C).Collecting information about baseball games.D).Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident. B). He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C).He lost his mother two weeks ago. D).He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B).The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C).The man is making a fuss about nothing.D).The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B).Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C).The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D).Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.B) Jill missed her class last week. D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game. C) An exciting experience.B) An imaginary situation. D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside. C) Pain and pleasure in sports.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing. D) A sport he participates in.20.A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B)He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C)He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D)He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B)Much time is spent on collecting data.C)A lot of effort is made in vain.D)The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.21.A). Journalist of a local newspaper. B).Director of evening radio programs.C).Producer of television commercials. D). Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A).He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B).He and his wife did everything by themselves.C).He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D).He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A).He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B).He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C).He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D).He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25.A) The restaurant location. C) The food variety.B) The restaurant atmosphere. D) The food price.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children. B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it. D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done even with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C)It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.A)They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30.A)They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care. C) Be frank and seek help from others.B) Be affectionate and cooperative. D) Make full use of community facilities.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B)Improve the welfare of affected workers.C)Follow government regulations strictly.D)Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B)They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C)They sought help from union representatives.D)They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B)To attract the attention from the media.C)To protest against the poor working conditions.D)To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CContrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航员) someday may (36) _____ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37) _____ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38) _____.Although no form of matter yet (39) _____ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40) _____ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41) _____ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42) _____ this in 1905, when he (43) _____ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44) ____________________________________.An obsession (沉迷) with time – saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it – (45)____________________________________. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46) ____________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.答案：11. A He is careless about his appearance.12. A Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.13. A Training for the Mi-Atlantic Championship.14. D He has been having a hard time.15. D The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. C The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.17. C Jill wore the overcoat last week.18. B An imaginary situation.19. D. A sport he participates in.20. D He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A New ideas come up as you write.22. D Hostess of the weekly “Business World”.23. B He and his wife did everything by themselves.24. B He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.25. B The restaurant atmosphere.26. A There are many false notions about it.27. C It can lead to the loss of vision in children.28. D It can only be partly accomplished now.29. D They have jobs and other commitments.30. A They don’t want to use up all their life savings.31. C Be frank and seek help from others.32. A Health and safety conditions in the workplace.33. A Replace its out-dated equipment.34. A They requested to transfer to a safer department.35. C To protest against the poor working conditions.36. survive37. distant38. backward39. discovered40. scientific41. motion42. predicted43. Introduced44. that move at a speed greater than light, and therefore, might serve as our passports to the past45. seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existed46. used a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock.。
2011年6月大学英语四级听力原文汇总
S e c tio n A11.M: Sh a wn ' s be e n tryin g for mon th s to find a job. Bu t I won d e r ho w he co u ld ge t a job whe n h e loo k s like tha t.W: Oh , th a t p o o r g u y ! He re a lly s h o u ld s h a v e h ims elf e v e ry o th e r d a y a t le a s t a n d p u t o n s o me th in g cle a n.Q: Wha t do we lea r n ab o u t Sh a wn ?12.W: I wish Ja n e wou ld ca ll whe n sh e k n o ws h e' ll be late. Th is is no t the first tim e we' v e had to wait fo r he r.M: I ag re e. Bu t sh e do e s ha v e to driv e thro u g h ve ry he a v y traffic to ge t he re.Q: Wha t do e s the man imply ?13.M: C o n g ra tu la tio n s! I h e a rd y o u r b a s e b a ll te a m is g o in g to th e Mid d l e Atla n tic C h a mp io n sh ip.W: Yea h , we' re all wo rk in g rea l ha rd righ t no w!Q: Wha t isth e woma n ' s tea m do in g ?14.W: Jo h n ' s be e n loo k in g af te r his moth e r in the ho sp ita l. Sh e was in ju re d in ac a r ac c id e n t two wee k s ag o an d stil l in critic a l co n d itio n.W :Oh , tha t' s terrib le. And yo u kn o w his fath e r pa s s e d awa y las t ye a r.Q: Wha t do we lea rn ab o u t Joh n ?15.M: Wha t a bo rin g spe a k e r! I ca n ha rd ly sta y awa k e.W: Wel l, I do n ' t kn o w. In fa c t, I thin k it's be e n a lon g time sin c e I'v e he a rd an y on e is go o d.Q: Wha t do we lea rn fro m th e co n v e rs a tio n ?16.W: I'm ha v in g a lot of troub le with log ic an d it se e ms my pro fe s s o r ca n' t ex p la in it in a way th a t mak e s se n s e to me.M: Yo u k n o w, th e re is a t u to rin g s e rv ic e o n c a mp u s. I wa s a b o u t to d ro p s ta tis tic s b e fo re th e y he lp e d me ou t.Q: Wha t do e s the man mea n ?17.M: Th is is a sty l is h ov e rc o a t. I saw yo u wea rin g it l a s t wee k , did ' t I ?W: Oh, tha t was n ' t me. Th a t was my siste r Jo e. Sh e 's in yo u r cla s s.Q: Wha t do e s the woma n me a n ?18.M: Ja n e , sup p o s e yo u lost all yo u r mon e y while tak in g a va c a tio n ov e rs ea s , wha t wou ld yo u d o ?W: We ll, I g u e s s I' d s e ll my wa tc h o r c o mp u te r o r d o s o me o d d jo b s ti ll I c o u ld a ffo rd a re tu rn pla n e tick e t.Q: Wha t are the spe a k e rs ta lk in g ab o u t?C o n v e rs a tio n OneM: Hello , Pro fe ss o r Joh n s o n.W: Hel lo , Ton y, so wha t sh a ll we work on to d a y ?M: Well, the pro b le m is tha t this writin g as s ig n me n t isn’t co min g ou t righ t. Wha t I tho u g h t I was writin g on was to tal k ab o u t wha t a pa rtic u la r sp o rt mea n s to me whe n I pa rtic ip a te in. W: Wha t sp o rt did yo u ch o o s e ?M: I de c id e d to write ab o u t cro s s -c o u n try sk iin g.W: Wha t are yo u go in g tos a y ab o u t sk iin g ?M: T h a t’s th e p ro b le m. I th o u g h t I wo u ld wr ite a b o u t h o w p e a c e fu l it is to b e o u t in th e c o u n try.W: So why is tha t a pro b l e m?M: I’d lik e to start de sc rib in g ho w qu ite it is to be out in the woo d s. I ke e p men tio n in g ho w mu c h e ffo rt it ta k e s to k ee p g o in g. C ro s s -c o u n try sk iin g is n ’t a s s imp le a s s o me p e o p le th in k. It tak e s a lot of en e rg y, bu t tha t ’s no t he a rt of my pa p e r, so I gu e s s I sh o u ld lea v e ito u t. Bu t no w I do n ’t kn o w ho w to ex p la i n tha t fee li n g of pe a c e fu ln e s s with o u t ex p la in in g h o w h a rd y o u h a v e to w o rk fo r i t. It a ll fi ts to g e th e r. It ’s n o t l ik e ju s t s ittin g d o wn s o me wh e re an d watc h in g the clo u d s roll by. Th a t’s dif fe re n t.W: Th e n yo u ha v e to inc lud e tha t in yo u r po in t. The pe a c e fu ln e s s of cro s s -co un try sk iin g is th e kin d yo u ea rn by effo rt. Why lea v e tha t ou t? Pa rt of the po in t yo u kn e w be fo re h a n d , bu t p a rt yo u dis c o v e re d as you wrote. Th a t’s co mmo n , rig h t?M: Yea h , I gu e s s so.Q19. Wha t is the top ic of th e man ’s writin g assig n m e n t?Q20. Wha t pro b le m do e s th e man ha v e while work in g on his pa p e r?Q21. Wha t do e s the woma n say is co mmo n in writin g pa p e rs ?C o n v e rs a tio n TwoW: Goo d ev e n in g an d welc o me to this we e k ' s Bu s in es s World.It pro g ra m for an d ab o u t bu sin e s s pe o p le. Ton ig h t we ha v e Mr. Ang e le n o who c a me to the US s ix y e a rs a g o , a n d is n o w a n e s ta b lish e d b us in e s s ma n with th re e re s ta u ra n ts in to wn.Te ll us Mr. Ang e le n o , ho w did yo u ge t starte d ?M: Wel l I sta r te d off with a sma ll din e r. I did al l the co o k in g mys e lf an d my wife waite d on ta b le s. It wa s re a lly to o mu c h wo rk fo r two p e o p l e. My c o o k in g is g re a t. A n d wo rd g o t a ro u n d town ab o u t the foo d. Within a ye a r, I ha d to hire an o th e r co o k an d fou r wait re s s e s. Wh e n th a tre sta u ra n t b e c a me v e ry b u s y, I d e c id e d t o e x p a n d my b u s in e s s. No w w ith th re e p la c e s my main co n c e rn is ke e p in g the bu s in e s s suc ce ss fu l an d run n in g smo o th ly.W: Do yo u ad v e rtise ?M: Oh y e s. I d o n ' t h a v e a n y T V c o mme rc ia ls, b e c a u s e th e y a re to o e x p e n s iv e. B u t I a d v e rtis e a lo t o n ra d io a n d in lo c a l n e wsp a p e rs. My ch ild re n u s e d to d is tr ib u te a d s. in n e a rb y sho p p in g cen tre s , bu t we do n ' t ne e d to do tha t an y mo re.W: Why do yo u be lie v e you ' v e be en so suc c e ss fu l?M: Em, I alwa y s serv e the fresh e s t po ss ib le foo d an d I mak e the atmo s p h e re as comfo rta b le a n d as ple a s a n t as I ca n , so tha t my cu sto me rs will wa n t to co me ba c k.W: So yo u alwa y s aim to p le a se the cu s to me rs?M: Abs o lu te ly !Wi th o u t the m I wou ld ha v e no bu s in e s s at all.W: Th a n k yo u Mr.Ang e le n o.I thin k yo u r ad v ic e will be he lp fu ll to tho s e jus t st a rin g ou t in b u s in e ss.Qu e s tio n s 23 to 25 are ba se d on the co n v e rsa tio n you ha v e jus t he a rd.22 Wha t is the woma n ’s oc c u p a tio n23 wha t do we lea rn ab o u t Mr.Ang e le n o ’s bu sin e ss at its be g in n in g24 wha t do e s Mr.Ang e le n o sa y ab o u t ad v e rtis in g his b u s in e s s e.25 Wha t do e s the man sa y co n trib u te to his su c c e s s?S e c tio n BP a s s a g e OneT h e re are man y co mmo n ly he ld be lie fs ab o u t ey e gl a s s e s an d ey e s ig h t th a t ar e no t pro v e n fa c ts. F o r in sta n c e , so me p e o p le b e lie v e th a t we a rin g g la s s e s to o s o o n we ak en s th e e y e s. B u t the re is no ev id e n c e to sho w tha t the stru c tu re of ey e s is ch a n g e d by wea rin g gla s s e s at a yo u n g ag e. Wearin g the wron g gla ss e s, ho we v e r, ca n pro v e ha rmfu l. Stud ie s sh o w tha t for a d u lts th e re is n o d a n g e r, b u t c h ild re n c a n d e ve lo p lo s s o f v is io n if th e y h a v e g la s s e s in a p p ro p ria te for the ir ey e s.We h a v e a ll h e a rd so me o f th e c o mmo n my th s a b o u t h o w e y e s ig h t g e ts b a d. Mo s t p e o p le b e lie v e th a t re a d in g in d i m lig h t c a u se s p o o r e y e s ig h t, b u t th a t is u n tru e. To o litt le li g h t ma k e s the ey e s work ha rde r, so the y do ge t tired an d stra in e d. Ey e s tra in als o res u lts from re a d in g a lo t, re a d in g in b e d , a n d wa tc h in g to o mu c h te le v is io n. Ho we v e r, a lth o u g h e y e s tra in ma y c a u s e s o me p a in o r h e a d a c h e s, it d o e s n o t p e rma n e n tly d a ma g e e y e s ig h t. An o th e r my th a b o u t e y e s is th a t th e y c a n b e re p la c e d , o r tra n s fe rre d fro m o n e p e rs o n to a n o th e r. T h e re a re c lo s e to o n e millio n n e rv e fib e rs th a t c o n n e c t th e e y e b a ll t o th e b ra in , a s of ye t it is impo ssib le t o atta c h the m all in a ne w pe rs o n. Only ce rta in pa rt s of the ey e c a n b e re p la ce d. B u t if we k e e p c le a rin g u p th e myth s a n d le a rn in g mo re ab ou t th e e y e s , s o me da y a full tran s p la n t may be po ss ib le.26. Wha t do e s the spe a k e r wan t tote ll us ab o u t ey e s ig h t?27. Wha t do stu d ie s ab o u t wea rin g the wron g gla s s e s sh o w?28. Wha t do we lea rn ab o u t ey e tran s p la n tin g from the talk ?P a s s a g e TwoWh e n p e o p le c a re fo r a n e ld e rly re la tiv e , th e y o f te n d o n o t u s e a v a ila b le c o mmu n ity s e rv ic e s suc h as ad u lt da y c a re ce n te rs. If th e ca re g i v e rs are ad u lt ch i ld re n , the y are more lik e ly to u s e s u c h se r v ic e s, e s p e c ia lly b e c a u s e th e y o fte n h a v e jo b s a n d o th e r re s p o n sib ilitie s. In c o n tra s t, a s p o u s e u s u a lly th e wife , is mu c h le s s lik e ly to u s e s u p p o rts e rv ic e s or to pu t the de p e n d e n t pe rso n in a nu rs in g ho me. So c i a l work e rs dis c o v e r tha t the wife no rma lly tries to tak e ca re of he r hu sb a n d hers e lf for as lon g as sh e can in ord e r no t to u s e up the ir life sav in g s. Re s e a rc h e rs ha v e foun d that ca rin g for the eld e rly can be a ve ry p o s itiv e e x p e rie n c e. T he e ld e rly a p p re c i a te d th e ca re a n d a tte n tio n th e y rece iv e d. T h e y we re affe c tio n a te an d co ope ra tiv e. Howe v e r, ev e n whe n ca re giv in g is sa tis fy in g , it is ha rd wo rk. S o c ia l wo rk e rs a n d e x p e rts o n a g in g o ffe r c a re g iv e rs a n d p o te n tia l c a reg iv e rs h e lp wh e n a rra n g in g fo r th e c a re o f a n e ld e rly re la tiv e. On e c o n s id e ra tio n is to a s k pa re n ts wh a t th e y wa n t b e fo re th e y b e c o me sic k o r d e p e n d e n t. P e rh a p s th e y p re fe r g o in g in to a n u rs in g ho me an d ca n selec t on e in ad v a n c e. On the oth e r ha n d , the y may wan t to live with th e ir a d u lt c h ild re n. C a re g iv e rs mu s t a lso le a rn to sta te th e ir n e e d s a n d o p in io n s c le a rly a n d as k for he lp from oth ers es p e c ia lly bro th e rs an d sis te rs. Bro th e rs an d sis te rs are ofte n willin g to he lp , bu t the y ma y no t kn o w wha t to do29. Why a re a d u lt c h il d re n mo re lik e ly to u se c o mmu n ity s e rv ic e s to he lp c a re fo r e ld e rly pa re n ts ?30. Why are most wiv e s un willin g to pu t the ir de p e n d e n t hu s b a nd s into nu rs in g ho me s ? 31. Acc o rd in g to the pa ss a g e , wha t must ca re g iv e rs lea rn to do ?P a s s a g e Th reeS in c e a u n io n re p re s e n tativ e v is ite d o u r c o mp a n y to in fo rm u s a b o u t o u r rig h ts a n d p ro te c tio n s. My c o wo rk e r s h a v e b e e n wo rry in g a b o u t h e a lth c o n d itio n s a n d c o mp la in in g a b o u t s a fe ty h a z a rd s in th e wo rk p la c e. S e v e ra l o f th e e mp lo y e e s in th e c o mp u te r d e p a rtme n t, for ex a mp le , cla i m to be de v e lo p in g vis io n pro b le ms from ha v in g to sta re at a v id eo d is p la y te rmin a l fo r a b o u t 7h o u rs a d a y. T h e s u p e rv is o r o f th e la b o ra to ry is b e g in n in g to g e t h e a d a c he s a n d d iz z y s p e lls b e c a use s h e s a y s it’s d a n g e ro u s to b re a th e s o me of the ch e mic a l smok e the re. An X-ra y s tec h n ic ia n is refu s in g to do he r jo b un til th e firm a g re e s to re p la c e its o u t -d a te d e q u ip me n t. S h e in s is ts th a t i t’s e x p o s in g wo rk e rs to u n n e c e s s a rily h ig h do s e s o f ra d ia tio n. S h e th in ks th a t s h e ma y h a v e to c o n ta c t th e Oc c u p a tio n a l S a f e ty a nd He a lth Ad min is tra tio n a n d a s k e d th a t go v e rn me n t a g e n c y to in s p e c t th e d e p a rtme n t. I’ v e h e a rd th a t a t a fa c to ry in th e a re a two p re g n a n t wo me n wh o we re work in g with pa in t req u e s te d a tran sfe r to a saf e r de p a rtme n t, be c a u s e the y wan te d to p re v e n t da m a g e to the ir unb o rn ba b ie s. Th e su p e rv iso r of pe rs o n n e l refu s e d the req u e s t. In a n o th e r firm th e wo rk e rs we re c o n s ta n tly c o mp la in in g a b o u t th e ma lfu n c tio n in g h e a tin g s y s te m, bu t the own e rs was too bu s y or too mea n to do an y th in g ab o u t it. Fin a lly, the y al l me t an ag re e to wea r sk i -c lo th in g to work the ne x t day. Th e own e r was too emb a rra s s e d to ta lk to his emp lo y e e s. Bu t he ha d the he a tin g sys te m rep la c e d righ t awa y.32 Wha t do e s the talk foc u s on ?33 Wha t did the X-ra y tec h n ic ia n ask he r co mp a n y to do ?34 What does the speaker say about the two pregnant women working with paint?35 Why did the workers in the firm wear ski-clothing to work? Section C Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on t h e m o v e . I t a l s o s l o w s d o w n m o r e a s y o u m o v e f a s t e r, w h i c h m e a n s a s t r o n a u t s s o m e d a y may survive so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the distant future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still, if you could move faster than light, your time would move backward. Although no form of matter yet discovered, moves as fast as or faster than light, scientific e x p e r i m e n t s h a s a l r e a d y c o n f i r m e d t h a t a c c e l e r a t e d m o t i o n c a u s e s a t r a v e l er ’s t i m e t o b e stretched. Albert Einstein predicted this in 1905, when he introduced the concept of r e l a t i v e t i m e a s p a r t o f h i s S p e c i a l T h e o r y o f R e l a t i v i t y. A s e a r c h i s n o w u n d e r w a y t o confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter that move at a speed greater than light. And therefore, might serve as our passports to the past. An obsession with time--saving, gaming, wasting, losing and mastering it-- seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existed. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein used a definition of time for experimental p u r p o s e s , a s t h a t w h i c h i s m e a s u r e d b y a c l o c k . T h u s t i m e a n d t i m e ’s r e l a t i v i t y a r e measurable by any hour glass, alarm clock, or atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.。
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解完整版
2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he tolda NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally – but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby ColbyCollege logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools – Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action – students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always thebest-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust tothe rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laserlike focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepara tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such pro grams can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the schoolgraduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年6月英语六级真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he tolda NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally – but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby ColbyCollege logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools – Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action – students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always thebest-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust tothe rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laserlike focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepara tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such pro grams can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the schoolgraduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年六级听力
一、关于听力！！！第一招：相关保留原则当选项中有两项表达意思相近时，那么正确答案必在这两项之中！这时只需稍微听一听对话，即可知答案，如果出现了双重相关，便可直接确认正确选项，只需听完对话加之认证一下即可！典型例题： 4. A) Visiting the Browning.B) Writing a postcard.C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form.例题分析：B、C两项均含有 a poscard ，B、D两项均含有写...之意，即B、C和B、D构成双重相关，即可得出B为正确选项！本题听力原文：4. M: What\'s the matter? You\'ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.W: I told the Browning I\'d send them a postcard. Now I don\'t know what to say.Q: What\'s the woman doing?第二招：异项保留原则.当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时，那么正确答案必在此二项中出现！如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案，异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛！典型例题：6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either.B) She can’t afford a computer right now.C) The man can use her computer.D) The man should buy a computer right away.例题分析：AB异项，A项的意思是她现在有电脑，B项的意思则是她现在没有电脑。
B、D异项，B是说女方无电脑，而D是说男方无电脑，男女也是一种反意关系。
2011年6月英语四级真题听力原文及答案
2011年6月英语四级真题听力原文及答案Section A11. M: Shawn's been trying for months to find a job. But I wonder how he could get a job when he looks like that.W: Oh, that poor guy! He really should shave himself every other day at least and put on something clean.Q: What do we learn about Shawn?12. W: I wish Jane would call when sheknowshe'll be late. This is not the first time we've had to wait for her.M: I agree. But she does have to drive through very heavy traffic to get here. Q: What does the man imply?13. M: Congratulations! I heard your baseball team is going to the Middle Atlantic Championship.W: Yeah, we're all working real hard right now!Q: What is the woman's team doing?14. W: John's been looking after his mother in the hospital. She was injured ina car accident two weeks ago and still in critical condition.W：Oh, that's terrible. And you know his father passed away last year.Q: What do we learn about John?15.M: What a boring speaker! I can hardly stay awake.W: Well, I don't know. In fact, I think it's been a long time since I've heard anyone is good.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?16. W: I'm having a lot of trouble with logic and it seems my professor can't explain it in a way that makes sense to me.M: You know, there is a tutoring service on campus. I was about to drop statistics before they helped me out.Q: What does the man mean?17. M: This is a stylish overcoat. I saw you wearing it last week, did't I ?W: Oh, that wasn't me. That was my sister Joe. She's in your class.Q: What does the woman mean?18. M: Jane, suppose you lost all your money while taking a vacation overseas, what would you do?W: Well, I guess I'd sell my watch or computer or do some odd jobs till I could afford a return plane ticket.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Conversation OneM: Hello, Professor Johnson.W: Hello, Tony, so what shall we work on today?M: Well, the problem is that this writing assignment isn’t coming out right. What I thought I was writing on was to talk about what a particular sport means to me when I participate in.W: What sport did you choose?M: I decided to write about cross-country skiing.W: What are you going to say about skiing?M: That’s the problem. I thought I would write about how peaceful it is to be out in the country.W: So why is that a problem?M: I’d like to start describing how quite it is to be . I keep mentioning how much effort it takes to keep going. Cross-country skiing isn’t as simple as some people think. It takes a lot of energy, but that’s not heart of my paper, so I guess I should leave it out. But now I don’t know how to explain that feeling of peacefulness without explaining how hard you have to work for it. It all fits together. It’s not like just sitting down somewhere and watching the clouds rol l by. That’s different.W: Then you have to include that in your point. The peacefulness of cross-country skiing is the kind you earn by effort. Why leave that out? Part of the point you knew beforehand, but part you discovered as you wrote. That’s common, right?M: Yeah, I guess so.Q19. What is the topic of the man’s writing assignment?Q20. What problem does the man have while working on his paper?Q21. What does the woman say is common in writing papers?Conversation TwoW: Good evening and welcome to this week's Business World.It program for and about business people. Tonight we have Mr. Angeleno who came to the US six years ago, and is now an established businessman with three restaurants in town.Tell us Mr. Angeleno, how did you get started?M: Well I started off with a small diner. I did all the cooking myself and my wife waited on tables. It was really too much work for two people. My cooking is great. And word got around town about the food. Within a year, I had to hire another cook and four waitresses. When thatrestaurant became very busy, I decided to expand my business. Now with three placesmy main concern is keeping the business successful and running smoothly.W: Do you advertise?M: Oh yes. I don't have any TV commercials, because they are too expensive. But I advertise a lot on radio and in local newspapers. My children used to distributeads. in nearby shopping centres, but we don't need to do that anymore. W: Why do you believe you've been so successful?M: Em, I always serve the freshest possible food and I make the atmosphere as comfortable and as pleasant as I can, so that my customers will want to come back.W: So you always aim to please the customers?M: Absolutely!Without them I would at all.W: Thank you Mr.Angeleno.I think your advice will be helpfull to those just staring out in business.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What is the woman’s occupation23. what do we learn about Mr.Angeleno’s business at its beginning24. what does Mr.Angeleno say about advertising his businesse.25. What does the man say contribute to his success?Section BPassage OneThere are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of vision if they have glasses inappropriate for their eyes.We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in dim light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. However, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not permanently damage eyesight. Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transferred from one person to another. There are close to one million nerve fibers that connect the eyeball to the brain, as of yet it is impossible to attach them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, some day a full transplant may be possible.26. What does the speaker want to tell us about eyesight?27. What do studies about wearing the wrong glasses show?28. What do we learn about eye transplanting from the talk?Passage TwoWhen people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available community services such as adult daycare centers. If the caregivers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. In contrast, a spouse usually the wife, is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the care and attention they received. They were affectionate and cooperative. However, even when care giving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home and can select one in advance. On the other hand, they may their adult children. Caregivers must also learn to state their needs and opinions clearly and ask for help from others especially brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they may not know what to do29. Why are adult children more likely to use community services to help care for elderly parents?30. Why are most wives unwilling to put their dependent husbands into nursing homes?31. According to the passage, what must caregivers learn to do?Passage ThreeSince a union representative visited our company to inform us about our rights and protections. My coworkers have been worrying about health conditions and complaining about safety hazards in the workplace. Several of the employees in the computer department, for example, claim to be developing vision problems from having to stare at a video display terminal for about 7 hours a day. The supervisor of the laboratory is beginning to get headaches and dizzy spells because she says it’s dangerous to breathe some of the chemical smoke there. An X-rays technician is refusing to do her job until the firm agrees to replace its out-dated equipment. She insists that it’s exposing workers to unnecessarily high doses of radiation. She thinks that she may have to contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and asked that government agency to inspect the department. I’ve heard that at a factory in the area twopregnant women who were working with paint requested a transfer to a safer department, because they wanted to prevent damage to their unborn babies. The supervisor of personnel refused the request. In another firm the workers were constantly complaining about the malfunctioning heating system, but the owners was too busy or too mean to do anything about it. Finally, they all met an agree to wear ski-clothing to work the next day. The owner was too embarrassed to talk to his employees. But he had the heating system replaced right away.32 What does the talk focus on?33 What did the X-ray technician ask her company to do?34 What does the speaker say about the two pregnant women working with paint?35 Why did the workers in the firm wear ski-clothing to work?Section CContrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts some day may survive so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the distant future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still, if you could move faster than light, your time would move backward.Although no form of matter yet discovered, moves as fast as or faster than light, scientific experiments has already confirmed that accelerated motion causes a traveler’s time to be stretched. Albert Einstein predicted this in 1905, when he introduced the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity.A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter that move at a speed greater than light. And therefore, might serve as our passports to the past. An obsession with time--saving, gaming, wasting, losing and mastering it-- seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existed. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein used a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock. Thus time and time’s relativity are measurable by any hour glass, alarm clock, or atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.答案11.A He is careless about his appearance.12.A Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.13.A Training for the Mi-Atlantic Championship.14.D He has been having a hard time.15.D The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16.C The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.17.C Jill wore the overcoat last week.18.B An imaginary situation.19.D. A sport he participates in.20.D He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21.A New ideas come up as you write.22.D Hos tess of the weekly “Business World”.23.B He and his wife did everything by themselves.24.B He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.25.B The restaurant atmosphere.26.A There are many false notions about it.27.C It can lead to the loss of vision in children.28.D It can only be partly accomplished now.29.D They have jobs and other commitments.30.A They don’t want to use up all their life savings.31.C Be frank and seek help from others.32.A Health and safety conditions in the workplace.33.A Replace its out-dated equipment.34.A They requested to transfer to a safer department.35.C To protest against the poor working conditions.36.survive37.distant38.backward39.discovered40.scientific41.motion42.predicted43.introduced44.that move at a speed greater than light, and therefore, might serve as our passports to the past45.seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existeded a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock。
2011年6月英语六级真题及答案详解
2011年6月英语六级真题及答案详解2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解Part ⅠWriting (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the seen tenses with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. Atless-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally – but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well. Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools – Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lain Gainer, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action – students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "under matched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students frominner-city schools adjust to the rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laser like focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams. State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepare Tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring theschool graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
201106听力原文+答案
Section A11.M: I left 20 pages here to copy. Here is the receipt.W: I'm sorry, sir. But we're a little behind. Could you come back in a few minutes?Q: What does the woman mean?12.W: I hope you're not too put out with me for the delay. I have to stop by friends' home to pick up a book on my way here.M: Well, that's not a big deal. But you might at least phone if you know you're going to keep someone waiting.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?13.W: Mark is the best candidate for chairman of the student union, isn't he? M: Well, that guy won't be able to win the election unless he gets some majority vote from women students. And I'm not sure about that.Q: What does the man mean?14.M: Sorry to have kept you waiting, Madam. I've located your luggage. It was left behind in Paris and won't arrive until later this evening.W: Oh, I can't believe this. Have it delivered to my hotel then , I guess. Q: What happened to the woman's luggage?15.W: I don't think we have enough information for our presentation, but we have to give it tomorrow. There doesn't seem to be much we can do about it.M: Yeah, at this point we'll have to make do with what we've got.Q: What does the man suggest they do?16.M: I am taking this great course-Psychology of Language, it's really interesting. Since you are a psychology major, you should sign up for it. W: Actually I tried to do that, but they told me I have to take language studies first.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?17.W: Can you believe the way Larry was talking to his roommate? No wonder they don't get along.M: Well, maybe Larry was just reacting to something his roommate said. There are two sides to every story you know.Q: What does the man imply about Larry and his roommate?18.M: We don't have the resources to stop those people from buying us out unless a miracle happens. This may be the end of us.W: I still have hope we can get help from the bank. After all we don'tneed that much money.Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation? Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. W: You know I've often wondered why people laugh at the picture of a big belly businessman slipping on a banana skin and falling on his bottom. We are to feel sorry for them.M: Actually, Laura, I think we laugh because we are glad it didn't happen to us. But of course there is also a kind of humorous satisfaction in seeing somebody self-important making a fool of themselves.W: Yes, and there are a lot of jokes about people who are too fat or physically handicapped, you know, deaf, or short-sighted things like that. After all, it's not really funny to be like that.M: Oh, I think that's because we're embarrassed. We don't know how to cope with the situation. Perhaps we are even a bit frightened we may get like that, so we laugh.M: What about the custard pie routine?W: What do you mean 'custard pie routine'?M: You know, all those old films where someone gets so outraged with his boss, He picks up a custard pie and plasters it all over the other person's face.W: That never makes me laugh much, because you can guess what's going to happen. But a lot of people still find it laughable. It must becauseof the sort of the thing we'd all love to do once in a while and never quiet have the courage to.M: I had an old aunt who used to throw cups of tea at people when she was particularly irritated. She said it relieved her feelings.W: It must have come a bit expensive.M: Not really. She took care never to throw her best china.19. Why does the man say we laughed when we see some self-important people making fool of themselves?20. Why do some people joke about those who are fat or handicapped according to the man?21. Why do many people find it funny to see someone throwing a custard pie on their boss's face?22. Why does the man say she would drop cups of tea at people occasionally?Conversation TwoW：Your name is Sanjay Kumar, is that correct?M：Yes, madam.W：You claim you are traveling on a scholarship from Delhi University. M：That's right.W：Now it seems that a hand gun was found in your luggage. Do you admit that?M：Yes, but…W：According to the statement you made, you had never seen the hand gun before it was found in your bag. Do you still maintain that?M：But it's true. I swear it.W：Mmm, you do realize Mr. Kumar that to bring a hand gun into Hong Kong without proper authorization is a serious offense.M：But I didn't bring it. I … I mean I didn't know anything about it. It wasn't there when I left Delhi. My bags were searched. It was part of the airport security check.W：Maybe so, but someone managed to get that hand gun onto the aircraft or it couldn't have been there.M：Someone but not me.W：Tell me , where was your personal bag during the flight?M：I had it down by my feet between me and the man in the next seat. M: He was the only person who could have opened my bag while I was asleep. It must have been him.W: I see. Have you any idea who this man was?M: He told me his name, Alfred Foster. He was very friendly, after I woke up that is. He hadn't spoken before.W: Alfred Foster, we can check that on the passenger list.M: He said he had a car coming to meet him. He offered me a lift.W: Oh, Why should he do that?M: So he can get his handgun back, that's why. Please find him, Madam. Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard23. What is Sanjay Kumar suspected of?24. What do we know about Alfred Foster ?25. What does Sanjay Kumar ask the woman to do finally?Section BPassage One听力原文Everyone is looking for a good investment these days. And with stocks, currencies and companies all crashing, some are finding that taking the trip of a lifetime is actually a smart move right now. Prices are good, crowds are fewer and the dividends like expanded worldview, lifelong memories, the satisfaction of boosting the global economy—can't be easily snatched away. Sylvia and Paul Custerson, a retired couple from Cambridge, England, recently took a 16-day vacation to Namibia, where they went on bird-watching excursions. Later this year, they are planning a trip to Patagonia. "We're using our capital now," says Sylvia, "And why not? We're not getting any interest in the bank. If it's a place we reallywant to go, then we will go. We may as well travel while we're fit and healthy. "Some travel agents are thriving in spite of the economy. "We've had more people booking in the first quarter of this year than last," says Hubert Moineau, founder of Tselana Travel, which is planning to introduce a new program of longer adventure trips, including polar expeditions and cruises in the Galápagos. "We're hearing things like, 'We don't know what the situation will be in six months so let's travel now' ", Ashley Toft, managing director of the U. K. tour operator Explore has been surprised to see an increase in last-minute bookings of high-priced trips to such places as India, Bhutan and Nepal. "It seems people would rather give up something else than the big trip," he says. Travel has become a necessity. It's just how we travel that is changing.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. According to the speaker, why are some people willing to spend their money on travel these days?27. What is Tselana Travel planning to do, according to its founder?28. According to Ashley Toft, managing director of Explore, what is changing now with regard to travel?Passage Two听力原文Somehow the old male and female stereotypes no longer fit. Men and women in this country haven’t been fulfilling their traditional roles for some time now. And there seem to be fewer and fewer differences between the sexes. For instance, even though more women than men are still homemakers without paying jobs, women have been taking over more responsibility in the business world, earning higher salaries than ever before and entering fields of work that used to be exclusively male areas. At office meetings and in group discussions, they might speak up more often, express strong opinions and come up with more creative and practical ideas than their male colleagues. Several days ago, my23-year-old daughter came to me with some important news. Not only had she found the highest paying job of her career, but she’d also accepted a date with the most charming men she’d ever met.“Really?”, I responded,” tell me about them.”“Receptionist in an attorney’s office and a welder at a construction site.” She answered in a matter-of-fact way. The interesting thing is my daughter’s date is the receptionist and my daughter is the welder. The old stereotypes of m en’s and women’s work have been changing more quickly than ever before, except perhaps in my own marriage.“Who's going to mow the lawn? ” I asked my husband this morning.“Oh, I will,” he answered politely. ”That's men's work. ”“What?” Irritated, I raised my voice. “That's a ridiculous stereotype. I'll show you who can do the best job on the lawn.”The work took 3 hours and I did it all myself.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. What is the speaker mainly talking about?30. What might women do at office meetings nowadays according to the speaker?31. Why did the speaker mow the lawn herself that morning?Passage Three听力原文Florence Hayes is a journalist for the Green Ville Journal, the daily newspaper in town. Specifically she covers crime in the Green Ville area. This responsibility takes her to many different places every week——the police station, the court and the hospital. Most of the crimes that she writes about fall into two groups: violent crimes and crimes againstp roperty. There isn’t much violent crime in a small town like Green Ville, or at least not as much as in the large urban areas. But assaults often occur on Friday and Saturday nights, near the bars downtown. There’re also one or two rapes on campus every semester. Florence is very interested in this type of crime and tries to write a long article about eachone. She expects that this will make women more careful when they walk around Green Ville alone at nightFortunately, there were usually no murders in Green Ville. Crimes against property make up most of Miss Heyes’ reporting. They range from minor cases of deliberate damaging of things to much more serious offenses, such as car accidents involving drunk drivers or bank robberies but Florence has to report all of these violations from the thief who took typewriters from every unlocked room in the dormitory to the thief who stole one million dollars worth of art work from the university museum. Miss Hayes enjoys working for a newspaper but she sometimes gets unhappy about all the crime she has to report. She would prefer to start writing about something more interesting and less unpleasant such as local news or politics, maybe next yearFlorence HayesGreen VilleQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32 What is Florence Hayes’ main responsibility as a journalist?33 What does the speaker say about security in Green Ville?34 What do we learn about crimes against property in the Green Ville area?35 What would Florence Hayes prefer to do?听力原文In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether it’s picking one of thirty-one ice cream flavors, or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us confused, unhappy, even paralyzed with indecision. ‘That’s particularly true when it comes to the work place’, says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human behavior. Students are graduating with a variety of skills and interests, but often find themselves overwhelmed when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal. In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their senior year. Based on answers to questions regarding their job hunting strategies and career decisions, he divided the students into two groups：maximizers, who consider every possible option, and satisficers, who look until they find an option that is good enough. You might expect that the student who had undertaken the most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with their final decision, but it turns out that’s not true. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs than satisficers on average, they weren’t as happy with their decision. The reason why th ese people feel less satisfied is that a world of possibilities may also be a world of missed opportunities. When you look at every possible option, you tend to focus more on what was given up than what was gained.After surveying every option, a person is more acutely aware of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career.听力答案11. C She has not got the man's copy ready.12. B She was late for the appointment.13. C It won't be easy for Mark to win the election.14. A It failed to arrive at its destination on time.15. A. Just make use of what information is available.16. D The woman isn't qualified to take the course the man mentioned.17. A They are both to blame.18. A They are in desperate need of financial assistance.19. C We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune.20. C They don't know how to cope with the situation.21. A They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to.22. C To relieve her feelings.23. D Bringing a handgun into HongKong.24. D He is suspected of having slipped something into Kumar's bag.25. D Find Alfred Foster.26. B They think travel gives them their money's worth.27. D Launch a new programme of adventure trips.28. B The way people travel.29. B The changing roles played by men and women.30. A Offer more creative and practical ideas than men.31. C To show that women are capable of doing what men do.32. B Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.33. D It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.34. A There are a wide range of cases.35. A Write about something pleasant.36. flavors 37. confused 38. particularly 39. behavior/behaviour40. variety 41. overwhelmed 42. senior 43. strategies44. who had undertaken the most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with their final decisions.45. why these people feel less satisfied is that a world of possibilities may also be a world of missed opportunities.46. a person is more acutely aware of opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career.。
大学英语六级真题2011年6月
大学英语六级真题2011年6月(总分：710.00，做题时间：125分钟)一、Part I Writing (30 minutes) (总题数：1，分数：142.00)1.1. 现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2. 其目的各不相同3. 在我看来（分数：142.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(My opinion on certificate craze The growing tendency among college students to get all kinds of certificates has now evolved into a craze. Just randomly ask a student what he or she is busily engaged in doing, quite possibly, you would get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind. So, why’s the craze? The reason behind this phenomenon is common —the enormous pressure of finding a job. Faced with a harsh job market, most students have no choice but to seek more certificates to parlay their qualifications. Another factor is that diploma and certificates still weighs heavily in terms of signifying one’s ability. For the sake of increasing their odds of landing a better job, the students are compelled to run from one exam to another。
2011六级听力原文
In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether it’s picking one of thirty-one ice cream flavors, or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us confused, unhappy, even paralyzed with indecision. ‘That’s particularly true when it comes to the work place’, says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human behavior. Students are graduating with a variety of skills and interests, but often find themselves overwhelmed when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal. In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their senior year. Based on answers to questions regarding their job hunting strategies and career decisions, he divided the students into two groups：maximizers, who consider every possible option, and satisficers, who look until they find an option that is good enough. You might expect that the student who had undertaken the most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with their final decision, but it turns out that’s not true. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs than satisficers on average, they weren’t as happy with their decision. The reason why these people feel less satisfied is that a world of possibilities may also be a world of missed opportunities. When you look at every possible option, you tend to focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, a person is more acutely aware of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career.。
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2011年6月大学英语六级听力Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A注意：此部分试题在答题卡2作答。
11. A) She will give him the receipt later. B) The man should make his own copies.C) She has not got the man‘s copies ready. D) The man forgot to make the copies for her.12. A) She phoned Fred about the book. B) She was late for the appointment.C) She ran into Fred on her way here. D) She often keeps other people waiting.13. A) Mark is not fit to take charge of the Student Union.B) Mark is the best candidate for the post of chairman.C) It won‘t be easy for Mark to twin the election.D) Females are more competitive than males in elections.14. A) It failed to arrive at its destination in time. B) It got seriously damaged on the way.C) It got lost at the airport in Pairs. D) It was left behind in the hotel.15. A) Just make use of whatever information is available.B) Put more effort into preparing for the presentation.C) Find more relevant information for their work.D) Simply raise the issue in their presentation.16. A) The man had decided to choose Language Studies as his major.B) The woman isn‘t interested in the psychology of language.C) The man is still trying to sign up for the course he is interested in.D) The woman isn‘t qualified to take the course the man mentioned.17. A) They are both to blame. B) They are both easy to please.C) They can manage to get along. D) They will make peace in time.18. A) They are in desperate need of financial assistance.B) They hope to do miracles with limited resources.C) They want to borrow a huge sum from the bank.D) They plan to buy out their business partners.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) We simply cannot help reacting instinctively that way.B) We wish to hide our indifference to their misfortune.C) We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune.D) We think it serves them right for being mean to other people.20. A) They want to show their genuine sympathy.B) They have had similar personal experiences.C) They don‘t know how to cope with the situation.D) They don‘t want to reveal their own frustration.21. A) They themselves would like to do it but don‘t dare to.B) It‘s an opportunity for relieving their tension.C) It‘s a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face.D) They have seen this many times in old films.22. A) To irritate them. B) To teach them a lesson.C) To relieve her feelings. D) To show her courage.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Smuggling drugs in to Hong Kong. B) Having committed armed robbery.C) Stealing a fellow passenger‘s bag. D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong.24. A) He said not a single word during the entire flight.B) He took away Kumar‘s baggage while he was asleep.C) He was traveling on a scholarship from Delhi University.D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar‘s bag.25. A) Give him a lift. B) Find Alfred Foster.C) Check the passenger list. D) Search all suspicious cars.Section B注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They think travel has become a trend.B) They think travel gives them their money‘s worth.C) They find many of the banks untrustworthy.D) They lack the expertise to make capital investments.27. A) Lower their prices to attract more customers.B) Introduce travel packages for young travelers.C) Design programs targeted at retired couples.D) Launch a new program of adventure trips.28. A) The role of travel agents. B) The way people travel.C) The number of last-minute bookings. D) The prices of polar expeditions. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) The old stereotypes about men and women.B) The changing roles played by men and women.C) The division of labor between men and women.D) The widespread prejudice against women.30. A) Offer more creative and practical ideas than men.B) Ask questions that often lead to controversy.C) Speak loudly enough to attract attention.D) Raise issues on behalf of women.31. A) To prove that she could earn her living as a gardener.B) To show that women are more hardworking than men.C) To show that women are capable of doing what men do.D) To prove that she was really irritated with her husband.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Covering major events of the day in the city.B) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.C) Hunting news for the daily headlines.D) Writing articles on family violence.33. A) It is a much safer place than it used to be. B) Rapes rarely occur in the downtown areas.C) Assaults often happen on school campuses. D) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.34. A) There are a wide range of cases. B) They are very destructive.C) There has been a rise in such crimes. D) They have aroused fear among the residents.35. A) Write about something pleasant. B) Offer help to crime victims.C) Do some research on local politics. D) Work as a newspaper editor.Section C注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。