西方常识题库
西方文化概论考试题
西方文化概论考试题一、选择题1. 西方文化的起源可以追溯到以下哪个时期？A. 古希腊时期B. 文艺复兴时期C. 工业革命时期D. 当代现代化时期2. 哪位希腊哲学家被认为是西方文化的奠基人？A. 亚里士多德B. 柏拉图C. 西塞罗D. 苏格拉底3. 文艺复兴运动是在哪个国家兴起的？A. 法国B. 英国C. 意大利D. 德国4. 哪本书是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的著作之一？A. 《圣经》B. 《简·爱》C. 《哈姆雷特》D. 《唐吉诃德》5. 哪位科学家被称为现代物理学之父？A. 牛顿B. 达尔文C. 哥白尼D. 欧几里德二、判断题判断下列说法是否正确，正确的在括号内写“√”，错误的写“×”。
1. （√）《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚的作品，属于英国文艺复兴时期的戏剧。
2. （×）文艺复兴运动对欧洲其他国家的文化影响不大，主要局限于意大利地区。
3. （√）工业革命对西方社会产生了巨大的影响，使之从传统农业社会转变为现代工业社会。
4. （×）西方文化的核心是个人主义和自由，与集体主义和权威主义完全不同。
5. （√）西方文化中的人文主义强调人的尊严和价值，提倡人类的自由发展和个体意识的觉醒。
三、问答题1. 请简要介绍西方文化的主要特点和价值观。
西方文化的主要特点包括个人主义、理性主义、人权和科学精神等。
个人主义强调个体的独立性和个人权利，在人际关系和社会交往中强调个体的意愿和选择。
理性主义崇尚理性思维和科学方法，在知识的获取和问题解决中强调逻辑和分析。
人权是西方文化的核心价值观之一，认为每个人都享有平等的尊重和权利。
科学精神是对客观世界的追求和理解，注重实证和证据的支持。
2. 西方文化中的哪些艺术形式对世界产生了深远的影响？西方文化中的艺术形式包括文学、音乐、绘画、雕塑、戏剧和电影等。
其中，莎士比亚的戏剧作品被认为是世界戏剧史上的巅峰之作，对后世的文学和戏剧创作产生了深远的影响。
西方文化习题汇总
Chapter One Culture in Ancient GreeceMultiple choices:1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2.In _______ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B.C.D. The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras9. ________ is the major foundation in the Western culture and makes a powerful impact on the development of human civilization.A. Ancient European cultureB. Ancient Greek cultureC. Ancient Chinese cultureD. Ancient Egyptian culture10. Greek culture can date back to____.A. the Neolithic AgeB. the Bronze AgeC. the Stone and Bronze AgeD. the Old Stone Age11. Mycenaean culture was influenced the most by Cretan culture on ____.A. farmingB. handicraft and tradeC. religionD. philosophy12. The Trojan War broke out at the end of ____.A. the Heroic AgeB. the Golden AgeC. the Cretan CivilizationD. the Mycenaean Civilization13. The first Olympiad began in the ____ period of the Golden Age.A. archaicB. centralC. dependentD. dark14. ____was called “the first citizen of Athens” by Thucydides and in his reign the slave-based democracy politics in Athens reached its peak.A. Justinian IB. CleonC. PericlesD. Ptolemy15. ____established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Heraclitus16. Herodotus, father of Greek history, focused on describing the war between _____in his book, The Histories.A. Thebes and SpartaB. Persia and SyracuseC. Athens and SpartaD. Greeks and PersiansTrue of false question.(1) The play Oedipus at Colonus was written by Aristophanes. F(2) Greek philosophy started with Aristotle. F(3) The famous bronze sculpture of athletes, Discus Thrower, was created by Myron. T(4) Euclid discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere. F(5) The chief Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. TShort answer questionsHow did the ancient Greek Civilization develop in its long history?Firstly, early period of Greek Civilization: the development of Cretan and Mycenaean Civilization. Secondly, with the development of economy, many city-states were founded. Aristocratic rulers were trying to proceed their reforms in politics and legislations, which led to the prosperity of Greek Civilization. Last, after two wars, Greek Civilization came to its end.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age, and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology, Greek philosophy started with Thales who believed that the material world originated in water. The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning. Literary representation centered round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey.Chapter Two Culture in Ancient RomeMultiple choices:1.Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of _____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which hadlasted about 1200 years throughout.A. Roman RepublicB. ByzantiumC. Pax RomanaD. Seven Hill Ally2.____ were the twins, the founders of Rome in the history.A. Octavian and CaesarB. Caesar and RemusC. Romulus and RemusD. Romulus and Octavian3.____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.A. CaesarB. OctavianC. RemusD. Pompey4.The First Triumvirate consisted of ____.A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, SullaB. Pompey, Crassus, CleopatraC. Pompey, Crassus, Julius CaesarD. Octavian, Brutus, Marius5.Punic wars are a series of wars between Rome and ____.A. GreekB. SicilyC. SpainD. Carthage6.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus Tullius Cicero7.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB. The PantheonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard8.The Law of the Twelve Tables was inscribed in _____.A.450 BCB. 200 BCC. 40 BCD. 400 BC9.The Italian poet Dante regarded _____ as his teacher in The Divine Comedy.A.VirgilB. HoraceC. OvidD. Chaucer10.In _____ the Romans conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B.C.C. 146 B.C.D. the 5th centuryTrue of false question.(1) In ancient Rome, freed slaves could become Roman citizen without any restrictions on their legal rights. F(2) All free-born citizens could get married in Roman society. F(3) All Romans got their daily needs from war ravages and looting in other defeated countries or areas. F(4) In Roman society, women had more chances to do some social activities than those in the East. T(5) The Romans usually entertained at the risk of slaves’ lives. T(6) All Roman citizens were allowed to vote on laws or on the decision of who were to be leaders. F(7) After Civil War, Roman entered the Pax Romana, the longest period of peace in Rome. T(8) The first Trumvirate was a formal one consisting of Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. F(9) In Rome, Stoicism and Epicureanism originated from Greece. T(10) Before Christianity enter Rome, Ancient Romans had mostly been polytheists. TShort answer questionsPlease give a brief introduction to the development of ancient Rome. Analyze the reasons that attributed the conversion of Roman Republic to Roman Empire.Reasons:a. Roman rulership inherited largely from ancient Greece. Under the Republic, senators were elected by the people to run the government.b. Territory expanse caused rich landowners and merchants to be able to buy up most of the country land, which led to instability of Roman military.c. Fights among powerful rulers, such as the fight in the first Triumvirate, and in the second Triumvirate, gave chance to get the supreme power to only one person instead of the people.In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.It is universally acknowledged that Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture. This could be seen in what Roman culture adopted from Greek culture as is demonstrated in religion, philosophy and literature.In religion, we know most of the gods in Roman myths came from Greek legends in terms of function and contribution to their myths. Nevertheless, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The parallel arrangement of gods provides accurate evidence to show the similarity of the two religions and Roman wisdom in borrowing fine elements from an external culture is obvious.The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples to demonstrate Greek influence on their Roman counterpart. The best example is perhaps Stoicism and Epicureanism, both of which originated from Greece and were further developed and modified in Rome.In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a great deal from Greek culture. For example, one could find lots of traces of Greek tragedy in Roman drama. Even in Virgil’s best known epic Aeneid, we could read of similar story of the hero in his voyage from Troy to Rome, compared to Odysseus, who overcomes many difficulties on his way home though they are certainly set against different backgrounds.All in all, the two cultures are closely linked partly because Greek culture is so illustrious that no one could leave it out without picking up something from it. The Roman people were sufficiently intelligent that they could not refuseto take such an opportunity to learn something when the opportunity was available.Chapter Three Jewish Culture and The Old TestamentMultiple choices:1.The Babylonian Captivity refers to the captivation and imprisonment of the Jews by Nebuchadnezzar II, in ____.A.586 BCB.450 BCC.336 BCD.586 AC2.Jerusalem was established as the capital in ___.A.585 BCB.1000 BCC.1000 ADD.585 AD3.In history, Israelite monarchy prospered with the three kings, Saul, ____.A.David and SolomonB.Moses and DavidC.Jacob and DavidD.Jacob and Solomon4.The ancestor of the Jews is ___.A.GreekB. GermanicC. HebrewD. Roman5.The whole Old Testament is written in ______ except some brief portions which are in the Aramaic languageA.classical HebrewB.classical EnglishC.classical GreekD.classical LatinFill in the blanks1.Jehovah is worshipped as the chief god of the country of Israel.2.Ezekiel helped Jewish people spread the religion of Judaism and finally confirmed it during the BabylonianCaptivity and later period.3.The core of Judaism is Mose’s Ten Commandments and Rabbis’ interpretations of the doctrines.4.The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah.True of false question.1.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first 10 books. F2.The Old Testament was written in Hebrew, including the three parts: Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa andApocrypha. T3.Exodus describes how Aaron led the people of Israel out of Egypt in the 13th or 14th centuries BC, including theirlife in Egypt and how they suffered from oppression. F4.The Prophets mainly introduces all kinds of prophets. T5.Apocrypha books are not included in the canon of the Old Testament because of their uncertain authorship orlegendary. TShort answer questionsSay something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literary value.What would you say about the Jewish contribution to Christianity and Western culture? Give examples to show how Jewish culture relates to and differs from the other cultures, such as Greek and Arabic cultures.The Jewish culture has done much for Christianity and Western culture, such as the Jewish contribution to the transmission of Western culture .One of the examples is Jewish assistance to the establishment of Christianity. It was the Jews who worked as the early organizers and participants in the underground activities of the Christians. Another example concerns Philo, the major Jewish-Hellenistic philosopher of the early period, combined both the Greek philosophical element and Jewish theology.Chapter Four Christianity and The New TestamentFill in the blanks(1) Owing to the repeated conquests of Jerusalem by various aggressors, like Alexander the Great and the Romans, the Jews suffered a great deal from the violent suppression and the final loss of their homeland.(2) Plato’s ideas provided a more intellectual and reasonable framework for the basic beliefs of pious Jewish people.(3) Baptism is to wash off one’s original sin by sprinkling water over one’s body to indicate that one’s original sin is washed off and that one is admitted into the church.(4) Anointment is a ritual where a priest put specially-made oil on the dying to show benefaction and forgiveness of the sin in that person’s lifetime.(5) Purgatory is a state or place of temporary punishment for the removal of sins not possible in any other ways.(6) The Mass is a formal rite, ceremony or service of religious worship.(7) Excommunication means a Christian is partly or completely expelled from the church, usually with the loss of his citizenship.Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?A. Honor your father and your mother.B. Do not commit suicide.C. Do not desire your neighbor’s wife.D. Do not take the name of God in vain.4. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practice their religion?A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th century5. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all otherreligions?A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar6. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I7. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John Baptist(施洗者约翰)D. John Wycliff8. Christianity is the system of religious belief and practice about ____ and started at the turn of ____A. Mary, 1st century ADB. Jesus Christ, 1st century ADC. Jehovah, 1st century BCD. Jesus Christ, 1st century BC9. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint(七十子译本《旧约圣经》的希腊文译本)10. On February ____ , the Roman Emperor, ______ , accepted Christianity as the official religion.A. 380, Alexander the GreatB. 380, TheodosiusC. 400, OctavianD. 100, Jesus Christ11. _____, the Christian Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. In 1054. In 1054 BC C. In 1055 D. In 38012. In 451 AD, the archbishop of Roman Church, ____________, made himself Pope.A. St. PeterB. Saint Leo IC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin13. The largest and earliest of non-Roman Catholic Groups in the West is ___________.A. Lutheran ChurchB. AnglicanismC. PresbyterianD. Free Churches14. ______ is the 2nd book of The Old Testament, telling the history of Hebrews, flight out of Egypt led by Moses.A. ExodusB. GospelC. GenesisD. Job15. _______ is the cradle of many civilizations, such as Trojan, Phrygian, Achaemenid, Greek, Armenian, Roman and Byzantine.A. EgyptB. Asia MinorC. JerusalemD. Aegean SeaShort answer questionReasons for Roman acceptance of Christianity:a. For the common people in the empire who were fed up with wars and social turmoil, they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role to pacify and comfort them with love and care more effectively than other organizations or religions.b. It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance to control ideologically and intellectually the ordinary people, which was thus welcomed by the kings, emperors or aristocrats.c. The name and influence of Christianity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification, which would help the majority of people to accept the reign of a newly emerging ruler and his followers.d. Christianity is also a kind of culture, which to many people suggests social stability and recovery of an old life style they are accustomed to. Though conservative as well, it could be tolerated because their life and property could thus be secured in the changed circumstances.True of False(1) When Jesus Christ fled from his brother Esau, he imagined the ladder to heaven. F(2) Christianity is a kind of culture. T(3) Before the 4th century, Christians had been persecuted in Roman Empire. T(4) Jewish culture and religion were immensely enriched by Christianity and Western culture. F(5) The Trinity is the unity of Holy Father, Holy Son and Holy Spirit in one divine being. TChapter Five The Middle Ages and Germanic CultureFill in the blanks(1) Byzantine culture achieved remarkable progress by combining the cultural essence of Greece and Rome with the Eastern culture.(2) Neo-Platonism is a philosophy linking Greek philosophy and the Eastern mysticism, which focused on the power of spirit and transcendentalism.(3) Spiritually and culturally, 14th century in Byzantium showed remarkable vitality.(4) The early medieval literature was represented by poems, particularly by hymns pressing the intense religious feelings of love of God.(5) The artistic achievements of the Medieval Ages mostly related to religion, since it was the focal point in people’s lives and the church was the principal promoter of artistic work.(6) Construction of major buildings during the Middle Ages, consisted mainly of large numbers of churches, generally in Romanesque and Gothic styles.Multiple Choice1. After the last Roman emperor was overthrown by the German mercenary troops, the European civilization moved into _____.A. the modern eraB. the Middle AgesC. the new periodD. the Renaissance2. The barbarous tribes included Celts, Germans and _______.A. FrenchB. ItaliansC. SlavsD. Tartars3. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4764.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs5. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James6.Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic?A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French7. Which of the following is NOT true about Scholasticism.A. Scholasticism was initiated by the medieval theologians to defend and consolidate the status of Christianity.B. The Scholars employed Aristotle’s statement and Plato’s theory of ideas to explain God’s existence.C. The Scholars made a compromise between science and philosophy.D. Scholasticism regarded the Bible as the only source of absolute truth, making reason submit to religious faith. True or false questions(1) Carolingian culture was featured with Christianity because of the latter’s strong influence on the barbarous tribes. T(2) Edda is a collection of Germanic myths which provides the prototypes for later tales of European nations. F(3) All the English names of the weekdays derive from the Northern gods. F(4) The legends in Charlemagne’s life and deeds were frequently referenced by many poets of the Renaissance and later periods. T(5) In the German and Norse mythology, the gods are not perfect. They represent different forces of the God, struggling against the primeval giants. T(6) Since the medieval culture retarded during almost 1000 years development, this period never enhanced Western human civilization in history. F(7) The division of the Frank Empire into three parts after Charlemagne’s death signified the weakening of the centralized system. T(8) The spirit of the Germans formed one part of the central features of the Christian Trinity. T(9) The hierarchical levels of the priesthood during Medieval Ages begin with the Pope as supreme leader, followed by cardinals, archbishops, bishops and the parish priest.T(10) In medieval society, God permanently served as an image of severity and solemnity, without change until the renaissance. F(11) Serfs in the plantations of the Charlemagne’s Empire worked hard because they could be rewarded. F(12) The icon referred to the abstract image of Jesus Christ in the period of Byzantium. T(13) Scholasticism was created by Vatican in the Middle Ages to handle the ideas of infidelity with the help of classical philosophy. TShout answer questionsWhat is your comment on the status of medieval culture and politics in Western history?(1) social advantages for the change of productive means;(2) the weakening of the centralized system;(3) the increasing influences of the Church;(4) cultural contributions of Germans and other nationalities;a. Germanic contributions to Christianity－Power in Christian Trinity mainly came from the Goths who were brave, militant and tactically capable of warring. Charlemagne the Great tried to restore Roman culture and promote cultural development.b. The Muslims also contributed considerably to the preservation and dissemination of classical culture.(5) utilitarian tendency of the medieval culture;a. the emergence of a range of different cultures;b. the humanizing and perfecting of hierarchy;c. the humanization of Christian doctrines.Chapter Six Culture during the RenaissanceFill in the blanks(1) The Renaissance was to recover ancient culture and art; while the Reformation was to recover ancient Christian theology.(2) With far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation became a basis for the founding of Protestantism, which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity.(3) Calvin’s theory of Predestination conformed to expectations of bourgeoisie.(4) Calvin practiced his democratic and republican system on the basis of principles in the New Testaments.(5) Francis Bacon was the founder of experimental science and materialism.(6) “I am thinking, therefore I exist” was spoken by Rene Descartes.Multiple Choice1. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance?A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio?A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4. The medieval civilization met its climax during the _________.A. 14th centuryB. 13th centuryC. 12th centuryD. 11th century5. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo7. The earliest university in Europe was the one established in _______ .A. BerlinB. RomeC. BolognaD. Oxford8. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael9. Which of the following is not the inspiration for the Renaissance?A. The break-up of feudal structures.B. The emergence of national monarchies.C. The rise of folk culture and popular literature.D. The revival of religious beliefs.10. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal（教皇制度的）authorities take place?A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII11. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church?A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. Queen12. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais（拉拍雷）, in which he praises the greatness of man,expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?A. Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia13. Whose motto put down in his essays “What do I Know?” is world famous?A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. Montaigne(蒙田：法国人文主义思想家)D. Shakespeare14.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and familiar?A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance15. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet?A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne16. In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?A. BruegelB. Erasmus（伊拉兹马斯C. El GrecoD. Rabelais17. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question. ”is from whose works?A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. Shakespeare18. The core idea of the Renaissance was ________.A. rationalismB. realismC. humanismD. classicism19.The bourgeoisie was a result of ____ production in terms of wage-payment and profit.A. massB. agriculturalC. industrialD. commercial20. The most important reason for the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy is _______.A. Italy’s prosperous tradeB. the variety of urban social lifeC. the use of Latin as a common languageD. that the newly emerging capitalists sought to oppose feudal and divine dominance of society21. The major boost of Humanism is _______ .A. the fall of ConstantinopleB. the prosperity of the city of FlorenceC. the prosperous trade and production of handicraftD. the rich variety of urban social life22. Which of the following is not the major principle of humanism?A. Literature should represent the feelings of ordinary humans.B. Science should produce benefits for mankind.C. Education should develop divine spirit and classical culture.D. Man should become central in everything.True or false(1) Individualism was the foundation of social ideology during the Renaissance. T(2) Dante’s most important works On Monarchy shows most of his humanist ideas over which he was meditating during years of exile. F(3) Petrarch opposed the papal authority and other supreme authorities by exemplifying his attitudes towards Aristotle. T(4) The Renaissance and humanism greatly contributed to the occurrence of Enlightenment and bourgeois revolution. T(5) Humanism helped spark the Reformation, while the latter hindered the development of the former. T(6) Cultural salon was founded in order to spread the Graeco-Roman culture. F(7) The discussions in the cultural salon helped to improve cultural manners. T(8) The French Academy derives from a club of ten members discussing questions of common interest. F(9) Drama was a vigorous and popular cultural activity during the Renaissance in France. T(10) Drama in this period focused on moral irony, formal beauty as well as brevity and understatement. TShort answer questions1.Try to list the elements which contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance.Hints: the break-up of feudal structures; the strengthening of city-states in Italy; the emergence of national monarchies in Spain, France, and England; the thrive of many different kinds of social structures; the rise of folk culture and popular literature in most European countries; changes in secular education, particularly the founding of universities.2. What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.3. Please illustrate the features of social ideology during the Renaissance and its representative figures.The social ideology was based on individual interests and characteristics of individualism. The core of social ideology during the Renaissance was humanism, which reflected strongly the wishes and desires of the civilian class and essentially an expression of the bourgeois individualism and hedonism. Humanism contributed remarkably to the later social and intellectual advances in the Western world.Representative figures are Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio and Machiavelli.4. Please clarify the significance of the Religious Reformation in the Western world.The Reformation made great contribution to the social and intellectual development of Western civilization.a. With the far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation became a basis for the founding of Protestantism, which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity.b. The Reformation was the most effective and influential in terms of the results it achieved. It not only contributed to the ecclesiastical development of Christianity, but opened the way to much of the subsequent social and intellectual progress of the West.5. Please analyze the features of classicism.a. Drama and other forms of arts tended to imitate and reflect those of the Graeco-Roman civilization.b. Literature of this period is termed neoclassical, because it sought beauty of form rather than the content.c. Culture in this period not only exhibited the productions of artistic works, but promoted the development of life styles, such as dress and speech.d. As commonly opposed to Romanticism, the 17th-century classicism in France implies a social ideal.e. Classicism tends naturally to be expressed by the adoption of certain classical forms.。
西方文明史导论题库(试题62道含答案)
西方文明史导论题库（试题62道含答案）1.现代西方学者的哪些研究旨在纠正将文化视为断裂发展的观点，强调延续性？A.《近代国家的中世纪起源》B.《12世纪文艺复兴》正确答案：AB2.西罗马帝国灭亡后出现的大整合对哪些要素进行了整合？A.古希腊人的放大了的个人B.古罗马的放大了的国家C.日耳曼人的家和家族要素D.作为欧洲精神统治者的基督教教会正确答案：ABCD3.1500-1800年间的欧洲历史，通常被界定为？A.中世纪B.前工业化时期C.近代早期D.现代正确答案：C4.西方文明的发展过程中出现过哪几次比较大的整合？A.西罗马帝国灭亡后的大整合B.文艺复兴时期的整合C.后现代文化对于现代社会的整合正确答案：ABC5.西方文明中的哪一次大整合成为推动欧洲从中世纪向近代过渡的由衰及兴的转折？A.西罗马帝国灭亡后的大整合B.文艺复兴时期的整合C.后现代文化对于现代社会的整合正确答案：B6.下列哪项不属于西方近代社会的特征？A.国家臣民关系B.主权国家C.领主附庸制D.政教分离正确答案：C7.作为知识分子的人文主义者在欧洲的危机和转型中呈现出哪些特点？A.独立于封建政府，直接来自民间，受市场、民间文化影响B.独立于封建文化，不受学院派的影响C.独立于教会，不受教会的影响D.独立于封建传统的祖宗家法正确答案：ABCD8.欧洲在中世纪晚期出现的结构性危机的具体表现包括哪些？A.危机的非复原性B.危机的普遍性C.危机导致旧结构主体与部件的分离D.危机造成对中古文明基本原则的背离正确答案：ABCD9.哪位学者充分重视了普通人在近代欧洲政治形成中的作用，这种政治是普通人通过公社、议会、共和国三个步骤自下而上推动的，从而明显有别于只强调君主通过“王朝战争”自上而下建立近代国家的历史解释？A.鲍斯曼B.布瑞克C.斯克瑞布尼D.卡赞斯坦正确答案：B10.下列哪位学者的主要观点不属于促进社会和谐的文化理论？A.亨廷顿B.卡赞斯坦C.斯克瑞布尼D.鲍斯曼正确答案：A11.哪位学者写作了《文艺复兴的衰落》，在自由与秩序组成的共生共存的范畴内研究文艺复兴的文化，纠正将差异变为对立的做法？A.鲍斯曼B.布瑞克C.斯克瑞布尼D.卡赞斯坦正确答案：A12.下列哪些是软实力的特征？A.隐形的规则B.无意识的约定俗成C.高情感D.强迫性的驯服力正确答案：ABC13.创新型人才需要具备哪些素质？A.能服从领导，但不盲目跟从B.能团结群众，但不随波逐流C.能充分展现个人魅力，但绝不损害别人形象D.能谦虚好学，但不照搬照抄正确答案：ABCD14.文明是从哪些要素的出现开始的？A.农村B.城市C.国家正确答案：ACD15.文明的发展对社会有哪些启示？A.文明从造墙开始，到拆墙结束B.从硬实力到软实力C.从世俗价值到心灵价值正确答案：ABC16.第一个提出软实力概念的人实际上是哪位？A.老子B.约瑟夫·奈正确答案：A17.哪位学者提出社区宗教改革和普通人的革命的概念，强调了普通人通过社区组织来自下而上地推动近代政治的发展？A.鲍斯曼B.布瑞克C.斯克瑞布尼D.卡赞斯坦正确答案：B18.哪位学者否定了把工业革命之前的文化分裂为精英文化、大众文化之间的对立的做法，认为这两种文化之间存在着互补性，甚至可以被视为同一种文化延伸出来的两种表述方式？A.鲍斯曼C.斯克瑞布尼D.卡赞斯坦正确答案：C19.哪位学者提出宗教改革并不是路德一人的宗教改革，而是存在诸多的宗教改革，如茨温利的改革、加尔文的改革、德国诸侯的改革、市民的宗教改革和农民的宗教改革？A.鲍斯曼B.布瑞克C.斯克瑞布尼D.卡赞斯坦正确答案：C20.下列哪一项不属于路德的宗教改革思想主张？A.因信称义B.行为称义C.凡信徒皆祭司D.重视《圣经》和基督，而不是崇拜教会、教皇正确答案：B21.宗教改革产生了哪些影响？A.政治上，变教会政府两分法为政府掌控下的教会B.经济上，关闭修道院，不再向教会纳税，教会财产归国家或世俗政府C.教会上，将教会视为人间的组织D.心理上，强调基督徒的自由正确答案：ABCD22.在七大圣礼中，哪一个是为立志到僧侣的人授予权杖和戒指的？A.洗礼B.涂油礼C.授受礼D.坚信礼正确答案：C23.耶稣是从谁那里受洗的A.圣母B.约翰C.上帝D.撒旦正确答案：B24.中世纪教会与世俗社会之间的矛盾体现在以下哪些方面？A.教会与国王的权力之争B.富裕的教会与贫穷的社会之间的经济之争C.禁欲的文化与开放的世俗贵族文化之间的文化之争D.礼仪限制下的人与因果限制下的人之间的思想之争E.教会对一些职业的限制与世俗人士要不择手段挣钱谋生之间的工作之争正确答案：ABCDE25.中世纪的教会具有哪些特点？A.等级制B.宗教对世俗的反动C.教义的理论主张与教会的实际行为之间存在矛盾正确答案：ABC26.人文学科和社会学科的研究大体上可以被归纳为哪两种类型？A.基础研究B.决策研究C.实验研究正确答案：AB27.在天主教的七大圣礼中，哪一项是对立志当僧侣的人授予权杖和戒指？A.坚信礼B.涂油礼C.授受礼D.圣餐礼正确答案：C28.哪些原因促成欧洲最早向近代过渡？A.欧洲是世界上过渡阻力最小的地区B.成熟的市民阶层给予领导C.过渡时的策略灵活理性D.根据社会需要分阶段过渡，过渡的进程比较符合民意正确答案：ABCD29.欧洲的市民具有哪些特殊性，使其能够在欧洲由衰及兴的过程中担当起领导职责？A.独立于封建政府，直接来自民间，受市场、民间文化影响B.独立于封建文化，不受学院派的影响C.独立于教会，不受教会的影响D.独立于封建传统的祖宗家法正确答案：ABCD30.欧洲历史上的第二个过渡期大致可以划分为哪三个阶段？A.从476年西罗马帝国崩溃到800年查理大帝加冕B.从1350年到1500年的危机和驯服时期C.从1500年到1650年的制度转换时期D.从1650年到1800年的民主与专制进行斗争的大革命时期正确答案：BCD31.一个社会从中古到近代的转变，叫转型，也叫过渡，但是有两种情况：一种是有过渡期的过渡，另一种是没有过渡期的过渡。
哲学：西方哲学史考试题库(题库版)
哲学：西方哲学史考试题库（题库版）1、单选亚里斯多德认为（）是可以计数的运动。
A、空间B、时间C、本质正确答案：B2、单选在中世纪期间，即大约公元（）年起到公元（）年为止，教会使哲学信念与社会的、政治的事务较（江南博哥）前后期结成更为密切的联系。
A、300，1300B、400，1400C、500，1500 正确答案：B3、名词解释两种“自我”（柏格森）正确答案：一种是与环境有关的自我，这是当我们的意识关注着行动、因而也关注着广延性时候产生的；另一种是我们通过内省达到的内在状态的自我，是当我们把这些内在状态作为活生生的、互相弥漫的东西，作为永远生成着、延续着而不分离的东西来注视的时候产生的。
这两种自我都体现在同一个人的身上。
前者是一般实验心理学研究的对象，是在空间里的自我；后者就是由内心体验到的处在真正时间里的自我，也即绵延。
4、单选亚里斯多德的政治学体现了当时有教养的（）共同偏见。
A、希腊人B、罗马人C、雅典人正确答案：A5、单选毕达哥拉斯是第一个使用哲学的人，他认为哲学的首要对象是（）A.原子B.真理C.无定D.数正确答案：D6、单选在近代哲学的一个重要标志是（）？A、创建了多种不同的流派B、构建了哲学的体系C、强硬地回击了神学D、与近代自然科学共同发展正确答案：B7、单选斯巴达人的法律和习惯认为（）是可耻的事。
A、剥削B、劳动C、战争正确答案：B8、填空题逍遥学派是由（）创立的。
正确答案：亚里士多德9、填空题在康德看来，知识的基本单位是（）。
正确答案：判断10、填空题被恩格斯称为“充满辩证法的杰作”的著作，也是卢梭具有代表性的著作是《（）》。
正确答案：论人类不平等的起源和基础11、单选柏拉图的宇宙生成论是在（）里提出的。
A、《蒂迈欧篇》B、《论天篇》C、《巴门尼德篇》正确答案：A12、填空题培根崇尚科学知识，注重经验归纳法，这一新方法主要是在其著作《（）》中提出的。
正确答案：新工具13、单选休谟提出了休谟的法则，认为在（）作出区分。
西方文化通论题库
选择题：
1. 希腊古典建筑的典型代表是：
a) 吕基亚神庙
b) 罗马斗兽场
c) 华沙皇家城堡
d) 拜占庭圣索菲亚大教堂
2. 下列哪位艺术家是文艺复兴时期的代表人物？
a) 莫奈
b) 达芬奇
c) 梵高
d) 伦勃朗
3. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧不包括：
a) 《哈姆雷特》
b) 《奥赛罗》
c) 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
d) 《麦克白》
4. “自由女神像”是哪个美国城市的象征？
a) 纽约
b) 华盛顿特区
c) 芝加哥
d) 旧金山
5. 德国哲学家尼采以哪个主题著称？
a) 不可知论
b) 逻辑学
c) 存在主义
d) 辩证法
填空题：
1. 文艺复兴运动起源于（意大利），并逐渐传播到整个欧洲。
2. 著名的绘画作品《蒙娜丽莎》是由（列奥纳多·达·芬奇）创作的。
3. 哥特式建筑以其（尖顶）和飞扶壁的特征而著名。
4. “我思故我在”是由（笛卡尔）提出的哲学思想。
5. 欧洲哲学史上被称为“启蒙时代”的时期是（17至18世纪）。
西方经济学考试题库及答案
西方经济学考试题库及答案一、选择题1. 西方经济学的创始人是谁？a) 亚当·斯密b) 卡尔·马克思c) 约瑟夫·斯坦伯格d) 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯答案: a) 亚当·斯密2. 市场经济是基于以下哪个原理？a) 供需关系b) 国家计划经济c) 关税和贸易壁垒d) 社会分配答案: a) 供需关系3. 随着利率的增加，投资会发生什么变化？a) 增加b) 减少c) 不变d) 变得不确定答案: b) 减少4. 什么是通货膨胀？a) 商品价格上涨b) 商品价格下降c) 市场供应不足d) 货币供应过剩答案: a) 商品价格上涨5. 各国之间进行国际贸易的主要原因是什么？a) 转移生产成本b) 提高消费水平c) 发展技术合作d) 实现资源互补答案: d) 实现资源互补二、填空题1. 宏观经济学研究的是整个经济系统的表现，包括国民生产总值、通货膨胀率和失业率等。
2. 政府通过调整税收和开支来实施经济政策。
3. 边际效用是指每增加一单位产品或服务所带来的额外满足感。
4. 机会成本是指选择某种方案而放弃其他可行方案所付出的成本。
5. 导致供给曲线向右移动的因素包括技术进步和生产成本的下降。
三、短答题1. 解释市场失灵的概念，并举例说明。
市场失灵指市场无法有效配置资源和满足社会利益的情况。
例如，当存在外部性时，市场无法考虑到负面影响或正面效益，导致资源配置不合理。
另外，当存在公共物品时，市场无法提供足够数量的公共物品，因为无法对个体进行排除，造成市场无法满足公共利益。
2. 解释供给和需求曲线的作用，并说明它们如何影响市场价格和数量。
供给曲线表示了在不同价格下，厂商愿意出售的产品或服务的数量，需求曲线表示了在不同价格下，消费者愿意购买的产品或服务的数量。
市场平衡点即供需平衡的价格和数量，当市场价格高于平衡价格时，供过于求，价格下降；当市场价格低于平衡价格时，需求过于旺盛，价格上升。
西方文化知识竞赛试题
西方文化知识竞赛试题对于当代学生来说，只有不断文化知识的认识才能不断提高自身的文化修养!其中不排除西方文化知识!所以，接下来，就和大家分享西方文化知识竞赛试题，希望对大家有帮助!1.美索不达米亚文明的创建者是：苏美尔人2.罗马法制定和实施的最终目的是：维系和稳定帝国的统治3.文明多样性是人类社会的客观现实。
公元前6-前5世纪中国、希腊政治发展的特点分别是：从诸侯国家走向统一、建立起民主政治4.古罗马法学家西塞罗曾经说：“环顾我们国家中的其他部分，你会发现一切都依照规则和法律的规定而运转。
”这句话反映出当时罗马社会法律至上的原则5.古罗马《民法大全》规定：“世代相传的**俗应受到尊重和服从，不得轻视，但其有效性不应凌驾于理性或法律之上。
”这段话说明：罗马法尊重**俗但高于**俗。
6.从适用范围看，《十二铜表法》是罗马国家制定的调整公民内部关系的法律。
7.促成古希腊民主政治形成的因素包括：古希腊的自然地理环境、古希腊的城邦制度。
8.18世纪英国诗人雪莱曾写道：“我们的法律、文学、宗教和艺术都起源于希腊。
如果没有希腊，我们现在还可能愚昧、无知、与野人无异。
”雪莱认为希腊文明与近代西方文明之间的关系是：希腊文明是近代西方文明的源头。
9.当时希腊有许多像雅典一样的城邦。
城邦是希腊的一种国家状态。
小国寡民是各城邦的特色。
城邦是孕育古希腊民主政治的摇篮。
10.被称为欧洲的“大学之母”的学校是：博洛尼亚大学11.造成7世纪30年代以后，法兰克王权衰弱、宫相把持朝政局面的根本原因是：国王们不断的无条件的土地分赏。
12.早起基督教的根本特点是：世界性信仰，打破民族宗教的狭隘性。
13.欧洲民族大迁徙结束的标志是：伦巴蒂王国的建立。
14.在中古西欧，一个男人的梦想和最高荣耀是：成为骑士。
15.西欧封建制度的核心是封君封臣制，其基础是封土制。
16.罗马帝国灭亡后，欧洲的精神领袖是：罗马天主教和教皇。
17.基督教国家把每年的12月25日定为圣诞节，因为这一天是耶稣诞生日。
2021年西方经济学知识考试题库及答案(共三套)
2021年西方经济学知识考试题库及答案（共三套）2021年西方经济学知识考试题库及答案（一）一、单项选择题1．在完全竞争市场上（B）A．产品有差别B．产品无差别C．有的有差别，有的无差别D．以上说法都对2．在完全竞争条件下，平均收益与边际收益的关系是（ A ）A．大于B．小于C．等于D．没有关系3．在完全竞争条件下，个别厂商的需求曲线是一条（ A ）A．与横轴平行的线 B．向右下方倾斜的曲线C．向右上方倾斜的曲线D．与横轴垂直的线4．当价格大于平均成本时，此时存在（ B ）A．正常利润B．超额利润C．贡献利润D．亏损5．价格等于平均成本的点，叫（ A ）A．收支相抵点B．亏损点C．停止营业点 D．获取超额利润点6．价格等于平均成本时，此时存在（ A ）A．正常利润B．超额利润C．贡献利润D．亏损7．在完全竞争市场上，厂商短期均衡的条件是（ C ）A．MR = SAC B．MR = STCC．MR = SMC D．AR=MC8．在完全竞争条件下，企业达到长期均衡的条件是（ B ）A．P = MC B．P =MC = ACC．P =MR=MC D．P=MR=AC9．在完全竞争的情况下，需求曲线与平均成本曲线相切点是（ B ）A．厂商在短期内要得到最大利润的充要条件B．某行业的厂商数目不再变化的条件C．厂商在长期内要得到最大利润的条件D．厂商在长期内亏损最小的条件10．在完全竞争市场，厂商短期内继续生产的条件是（ B ）A．AC =AR B．AVC〈AR或AVC=AR C．AVC〉AR或AVC=AR D．MC=MR11．下列行业中哪一个行业最接近于完全竞争模式（ C ）A．飞机B．卷烟C．种植业D．汽车12．已知某企业生产的商品价格为10元，平均成本为11元，平均可变成本为8元，则该企业在短期内（ C ）A．停止生产且亏损B．继续生产且存在利润C．继续生产但亏损D．停止生产且不亏损13．某企业生产的商品价格为12元，平均成本为11元，平均可变成本为8元，则该企业在短期内（ B ）A．停止生产且亏损B．继续生产且存在利润C．继续生产但亏损D．停止生产且不亏损14．某企业生产的商品价格为6元，平均成本为11元，平均可变成本为8元，则该企业在短期内（ A ）A．停止生产且亏损B．继续生产且存在利润C．继续生产但亏损D．停止生产且不亏损15．完全竞争市场的厂商短期供给曲线是指（ C ）A．AVC >SMC中的那部分AVC曲线B．AC > SMC中的那部分AC曲线C．SMC≥AVC那部分SMC曲线D．SMC≥AC那部分SMC曲线16．某企业产品的价格为常数时，其属于的市场结构类型是（ A ）A．完全竞争B．完全垄断C．垄断竞争D．寡头垄断17．当长期均衡时，完全竞争厂商总是（ B ）A．正常利润为零B．经济利润为零C．经济利润大于零D．利润多少不确定18．假如一家完全竞争企业的边际收益、边际成本和平均变动成本分别为15元、15元和12元，企业就应当（ A ）A．继续生产B．立即停产，退出市场C．提高价格D．降低价格19．如果一家完全竞争企业的总成本为：TC=10+2Q+Q2，产品价格P=10元，从短期看，利润最大化产量应为（ D ）A．10 B．8C．0 D．420．一个市场只有一个厂商，这样的市场结构称为（D ）A．垄断竞争 B．完全竞争C．寡头垄断D．完全垄断21．垄断厂商面临的需求曲线是（ A ）A．向右下方倾斜的B．向右上方倾斜的C．垂直的D．水平的22．在完全垄断市场上，对于任何产量，厂商的平均收益总等于（ D ）A．边际收益B．边际成本C．市场价格D．平均成本23．在完全垄断市场上，厂商的边际收益与平均收益之间的关系是（A）A．边际收益小于平均收益B．边际收益大于平均收益C．边际收益等于平均收益D．边际收益曲线交于平均收益曲线的最低点24．完全垄断厂商定价的原则是（ A ）A．利润最大化B．社会福利最大化C．消费者均衡D．随心所欲25．完全垄断厂商在长期时均衡条件是（ B ）A．MR=MC B．MR=SMC=LMCC．MR=SMC=LMC=SAC D．MR=SMC=LMC=SAC=LAC26．在完全垄断市场上，厂商数量是（ A ）A．一家B．二家C．三家D．无数家27．形成垄断竞争市场最基本的条件是（ C ）A．国家赋予特权 B．只有几家厂商C．产品差异D．完全信息28．最需要进行广告宣传的市场是（ C ）A．完全竞争市场B．完全垄断市场C．垄断竞争市场D．寡头垄断市场29．当一个行业由竞争演变成垄断行业时，那么（ B ）A．垄断市场的价格等于竞争市场的价格B．垄断市场的价格大于竞争市场的价格C．垄断市场的价格小于竞争市场的价格D．垄断价格具有任意性30．寡头垄断市场和完全垄断市场的主要区别是（ A ）A．企业数目不同B．竞争策略不同C．成本结构不同D．从事开发和研究的力度不同31．形成寡头垄断市场最基本的条件是（ C ）A．政府特许B．产品差别C．技术所需规模的要求D．技术垄断32．面临突点的需求曲线的寡头垄断企业，其生产成本稍有下降时，则最可能的结果是（D ）A．降价销售B．产量增加C．利润不变 D．利润增加33．寡头垄断的一个显著特征是（ A ）A．企业之间互相依存B．有一条非弹性的需求曲线C．不存在市场进入障碍D．以上都是34．面对突点的需求曲线的垄断企业有稳价的倾向，其主要原因是（ C ）A．企业受到政府的管制B．企业放弃利润极大化的目标C．企业的定价策略必须顾及对手企业的反应D．企业的成本结构是常数成本二、多项选择题1．在完全竞争条件下，与平均收益曲线重叠的是（ ABC ）A．价格曲线B．需求曲线C．边际收益曲线D．总收益曲线E．边际成本曲线2．在亏损状态下，厂商继续生产的条件是（ BD ）A．P=SAFC B．P > SAVCC．P<SAVC D． P = SAVCE．P<SAFC3．在完全竞争市场上，厂商短期均衡的条件是（ ABC ）A．MR = MC B．P = MCC．AR = MC D．AR=ACE．TR=TC4．按竞争与垄断的程度，我们将市场分为（ ABCD ）A．完全垄断市场B．垄断竞争市场C．寡头垄断市场D．完全竞争市场E．营销市场5．在完全竞争市场上，厂商处于长期均衡时（ CDE ）A．SMC=SMR=SAC=SAR B．MR=LMC=SMCC．MR=AR=MC=AC D．MR=LMC=SMC=LAC=SAC E．P=LMC=LAC=SMC=SAC6．厂商的停止生产点是（ ABD ）A．P = AVC B．TR = TVCC．TR = TC D．企业总亏损等于TFCE．P = AFC7．行业的长期供给曲线分为三种情况（ ABD ）A．成本不变的长期供给曲线B．成本递减的长期供给曲线C．成本先上升而后下降行业的长期供给曲线D．成本递增的长期供给曲线E．以上说法都对8．厂商要获得经济利润，一定是（ AB ）A．TR ＞TC B．P＞ACC．TR ＞TVC D．P＞AVCE．TR=TC9．在短期，完全垄断厂商（ ABE ）A．有可能获得正常利润B．也有可能发生亏损C．永远获得超额利润D．永远处于亏损状态E．也可能获得超额利润10．价格歧视分为（ ABD ）A．一级价格歧视B．二级价格歧视C．五级价格歧视D．三级价格歧视E．四级价格歧视11．一个完全竞争的市场结构，必须具备下列条件（ ACDE ）A．市场上有很多生产者和消费者B．行业中厂商生产的产品是有差别的C．行业中厂商生产的产品是无差别的D．厂商和生产要素可以自由流动E．购买者和生产者对市场信息完全了解12．一个垄断竞争的市场结构，必须具备的条件是（ ABD ）A．市场上有很多生产者和消费者B．行业中厂商生产的产品是有差别的C．行业中厂商生产的产品是无差别的D．进入市场的障碍较少E．购买者和生产者对市场信息完全了解13．垄断厂商的均衡如图所示，在Q1点厂商（ ABD ）A．获得最大利润B．价格确定在P1C．价格确定在P2 D．利润等于（P1 - P2）Q1E．以上说法都正确14．寡头垄断市场，必须具备的条件是（ BDE ）A．市场上有很多生产者和消费者B．行业中厂商生产的产品可以是有差别的，也可以是无差别的C．进入市场障碍较小D．进入市场存在比较大的障碍E．市场中厂商数量较少15．在寡头垄断市场，突点的需求曲线表明（ ABD ）A．寡头垄断企业一般不轻易进行价格竞争B．寡头垄断企业之间竞争的重点是改进技术、降低成本C．寡头垄断企业之间不会发生价格冲突D．成本略有下降，价格保持不变，利润增加E．成本略有下降，价格也下降，利润不变16．突点的需求曲线（ BCDE ）A．是指一个寡头垄断企业提价时，它的对手也提价；当其降低价格时，它的对手并不降价。
西方经济学考试题库及答案
西方经济学考试题库及答案一、选择题1. 经济学研究的核心问题是：A. 资源分配B. 经济增长C. 通货膨胀D. 失业率答案：A2. 完全竞争市场中，厂商的短期供给曲线是：A. MC曲线B. AVC曲线C. SAC曲线D. MR曲线答案：A3. 边际效用递减法则指的是：A. 随着消费量的增加，总效用递减B. 随着消费量的增加，边际效用递减C. 随着消费量的减少，边际效用递增D. 边际效用与消费量无关答案：B4. 根据洛伦兹曲线，基尼系数的取值范围是：A. 0到1B. -1到1C. 0到无穷大D. 1到无穷大答案：A5. 货币政策的主要工具包括：A. 利率B. 货币供应量C. 政府支出D. 税收答案：B二、简答题1. 简述需求弹性的概念及其影响因素。
答案：需求弹性是指需求量对价格变化的敏感程度。
影响需求弹性的因素包括替代品的可用性、商品的必需性、商品支出在总预算中所占的比重、消费者调整购买习惯的时间长度以及消费者对商品的偏好等。
2. 解释什么是“市场失灵”并给出一个例子。
答案：市场失灵是指市场机制不能有效地分配资源，导致资源配置效率低下或不公平分配的情况。
例如，外部性（如污染）就是一个市场失灵的例子，因为污染的成本没有被生产者或消费者承担，导致资源配置偏离社会最优水平。
三、论述题1. 论述亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”原理及其在现代经济学中的应用。
答案：亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”原理认为，在自由市场中，个人追求自身利益的行为往往能够促进社会整体福利的最大化。
在现代经济学中，这一原理被用来解释市场机制如何通过价格信号协调生产和消费，实现资源的有效分配。
然而，斯密的理论也指出了市场失灵的可能性，如垄断、外部性、公共品等，这些情况需要政府干预来纠正市场结果。
结束语：本题库涵盖了西方经济学的基本知识点，包括核心概念、市场机制、政策工具等，旨在帮助学生全面复习并掌握经济学的基本原理和应用。
希望这些题目和答案能够对准备考试的学生有所帮助。
2023年西方行政学说知识考试题库(附含答案)
2023年西方行政学说知识考试题库(附含答案)目录简介一、单选题：共125题二、多选题：共180题三、判断题：共200题一、单项选择题1、行政管理真正形成相对完整的理论体系，成为一门独立学科，是在(C)oA：17世纪末18世纪初B：18世纪末19世纪初C：19世纪末20世纪初D：20世纪末21世纪初2、行政学的直接理论基础是(A)oA：政治学B：官房学c：行政法学D：社会学3、行政学于19世纪末20世纪初首先在美国产生，其公认标志是曾任美国第28届总统的伍德罗•威尔逊于1887年在《政治学季刊》上发表的文章(D)oA：《政府论》B：《政治与行政》C：《社会和经济组织的理论》D：《行政学研究》4、从思想渊源来看，威尔逊的行政学说受到了来自欧洲大陆行政研究思想的影响，尤其是(D)oA：法国B：英国C：意大利D：德国5、古德诺西方行政学的理论贡献主要就体现在下列具有划时代者、的名著中。
(D)A：《政治学》B：《共和六论》c：《社会契约论》D：《政治与行政》6、古德诺发现，美国政府体制得以顺利运行所必不可少的“适座物制”和“必要行政集权”全来自于一种法定体制外的调节功能，即(B)oA：市场B：政党C：舆论D：监督7、在威尔逊之前，已政治和行政在一定程度上进行了划分的思想家是市法城(D)o A：古德诺B：泰勒C：韦伯D：斯坦因9、古德诺认为，美国走向政治与行政协调的独特道路是(C)oA：政治行政的适度控制B：行政权的必要集中C：法外调节D：政府体制改革10、古德诺认为，美国加强民主与效率协调的主攻方向是(D)oA：政治行政的适度调控B：行政权的必要集中C：法外调节D：政府体制改革11、古德诺认为，政治与行政实现协调的重要基础是(A)。
A：政治行政的适度调控B：行政权的必要集中C：法外调节D：政府体制改革12、古德诺认为，政治与行政实现协调的必要途径是(B)。
A：政治行政的适度调控B：行政权的必要集中C：法外调节D：政府体制改革13、古德诺认为，政治行政的控制的限度是针对(D)oA：司法性质的政府机构B：统计机构C：半科学性质的政府机构D：狭义的执行性机构14、古德诺认为，政治与行政实现协调的必要途径是(B)。
欧洲文化入门试题及答案
I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1.Two major elements in European culture are ______ .A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2.deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the cityof Troy).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3.The play Prometheus Bound was written by.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4.The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was, who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD.Aeschylus5.was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6,by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7.Dante called ___ " the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8.Euclid is even now well-known for his.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9.has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10.Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between.A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11.It is who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagorastook supreme power as emperor with the title of in 27 B. C..Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana13.The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero14.The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, calledA. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis15.In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian CaPtiVity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 .16.The most important and influential of English Bible is, first published in 1611.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version17.is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version18.It is generally accepted that and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament19.The Middle Ages is a period in which,and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20.The centre of medieval life under feudalism was.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21.In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into _______ a nd the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22.by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23.The Anglo-Saxon epic ______ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24.Generally speaking. Renaissance refers to the period between.A. the 13th and 15th centuriesB. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuriesD. the 14th and 16th centuries25.is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultureAttempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism26.Fracesco Petrarch, the author of____ , is known as Father of Humanism.A. the DecameronC. DavidD. Sleeping Venus27.After Reformation,came into being.A. ChristianityB. CalvinismC. LutheranismD. Protestantism28.Which was NOT true about DurerA, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther29.Father of modern astronomy is.A. Da VinciB. Amerigo VespucciC. Nicolaus CopernicusD. Marchiavelli30.Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of.A. FabricaB. PrinceC. the Divine ComedyD. Lives of the Artists31.1,theories have given rise to important developments of modem science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.A. Galileo GalileiB. Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizC. Sir Isaac NewtonD. Johannes Kepler32.In the first, Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A.the Advancement of LearningB. the New AtlantisC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government33.Thomas Hobbes,s is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A.LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government34.The theme of is the fall of men.A. New MethodB. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Paradise Lost35.was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. CorneilleB. RacineC. MoliereD. Descartes36.Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climaxA. RubensB. BerniniC. BorrominiD. Caravaggio37.Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of theA. John LockeB. RousseauC. VoltaireD. Montesquieu38.In which of Diderofs works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles DarwinA. Philosophical ThoughtsB. Rameau,s NephewC. Elements of PhysiologyD. Encyclopedie39.1,novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter ScottB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel JohnsonD. Samuel Richardson40.Which of the Lessing,s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German dramaA. Minna Von BarnhelmB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgicD. Nathan the Wise41.In, Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young WertherB. FaustC. Wilhelm Meister,s TravelsD. Poetry and Truth42.Among Schiller,s works,was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The RobbersB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. Wilhelm Tell43.Kant,s years of his philosophical studies are Crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical ReasonC. Critiquue of JudgementD. Critique of Pure Reason44.It has been said that tς the world had waited centuries for and he was only to remain herea moment”.A. BeethovenB. HaydnC. MozartD. Bach45.Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novelA. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Walter Scott46.In 1798,, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Lyrical BalladsC. Isles of GreeceD. Ode to the West Wind47.Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women ,s freedom in love and marriageA. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding48.StOOd in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia,is generally recognized as his masterpiece.A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our TimeB. Pushkin, Luslan and LiudmilaC. Pushkin, Boris GodunovD. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin49.The publication of Mickiewicz,s is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism inPolish literature.A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RamancesD. Pan Tadeusz50.Beethoven,s is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller,s Ode to Joy.A. Symphony No. 3B. Symphony No. 5C. Symphony No. 6D. Symphony No. 951.sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic.A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi52.Based on, Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.the German classical philosophy B. the English classical political economythe Utopian Socialism D. the Manifesto of the Communist Party53.Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of, so Marx discovered the law of development of.the survival of the fittest, the communist partythe natural selection, the scientific socialismorganic nature, human historyD. natural species, historical societies54.In 1858 Darwin received a letter from, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.A. John Stevens HenslowB. Charles LyellC. Thomas HuxleyD. Alfred Russel Wallace55.Zola defined the theory of and illustrated it in his great work entitled.naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame BovaryC. realism, the Human ComedyD. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma56.was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy57.holds an important position in his own country's cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy58.Among Ibsen,s masterpieces,is a plea for the emancipation of women.A. GhostsB. A DolΓs HouseC. the Wild DuckD. Hedda Gabler59.Among Charles Dickens,s works,has the most intricate, complicated plot.A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Bleak House60.1,George Eliofs masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century.A. MiddlemarchB. The Mill on the FlossC. Adam BedeD. Silas Marner61.The term “impressionism“ was taken directly from the title of Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).A. Renoir,sB. Pissarro,sC. Manet,sD. Monet,s62.was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses.A. RenoirB. DegasC. MonetD. Pissarro63. reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emoyion and temperament.A. Paul CezanneB. Paul GauguinC. Vincent van GoghD. Auguste Rodin64.In Freudian system,is the container of the instrinctual urges.A. IdB. EgoC. SuperegoD. Oedipus Comlex65.. Eliofs long poem is his major Contibution to English poetry.the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Four QuartetsC. the Waste LandD. imagism66.by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. DublinersC. Finnegans WakeD. Ulysses67.The term “ Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of playLook Back in Anger (1956).A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s68.poem Howl, written in 1956, was regardedas an important development in American poetry.A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s69.is known as the first44 cubisf, novel: in his novels, one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera,s eye.A. Samuel BeckettB. Nathalie SarrauteC. Jean-Paul SartreD. Alain Robbe-Grillet70.masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was rememdered as one of the mostfamous Absurd Drama. A. Nathalie Sarraute*s B. Samuel Beckett ,sC. Jean-Paul Sartre ,sD. Alain Robbe-Grillefs ∏. Match the names ofColumn A with the appropriate items of Column B.Column Ba. the founder of the inductive methodb. Don Giovannic. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theoryd. a universal geniuse. The Execution of the Third of Mayf. Eugene Oneging. the Oedipus complexh. The Aeneidi. Fabricaj. Prometheus Unbound k. Critique of Pure Reasonl.The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs m. Encyclopedie n. the first to use the term Renaissanceo. Institutes of the Christian Religion p. the supreme figure in scholasticismq. The Betrothed r. The Social Contract s. Phaedrat. the founder of analytical geometry (b) Ten Commandments(c ) the Cantos ](d) Elements (e) Moll Flanders (f) Last Supper(g)The Waste Land(h) Paradise Lost(i)The Marriage of Figaro (j) the Starry Messenger(a) author of "The Red and the Black" (b) Polish astronomer(c)Emperor of the Romans(d) Dutch Baroque painter(e)author of the painting of MadonnaColumn A 1. Sophocles 2. Democritus 3. Virgil4. Thomas Aquinas5. Da Vinci6. John Calvin7. Andreas Vesalius8. Giorgio Vasari9. Goya10. Percy Bysshe Shelley 11. Alessandro Manzoni 12. Aleksander Pushkin 13. Immanuel Kant 14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 15. Rene Descartes 16. Francis Bacon 17. Nicolaus Copemicus 18. Jean Racin 19. Diderot20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin 22. da Vinci [] 23. Galileo [] 1.1. Eliot [ 25. Milton [ 26. Defoe [ J 27. Pushkin [] 28. Mozart [] 29. Moses []( 30. Ezra Pound [] 21. Charlemagne [] 22. Raphael I ] 23. Virgil I ] 24. Copernicus [] 25. Cromwell [](f) Latin poetg) author of the poem "London" (h) Ulysses(i) leader of the English revolution(j) composer of Messiah(a) the Society of Jesus(b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific (c) Dialogues (d) the mazurkas(e)The Counterfeiters(f) Faust(g) the Divine Comedy(h) the Advancement of Learning(i) Ulysses(j)Prometheus Unbound1. Which of the following is not true about AristotleA. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman EmpireA. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as. A. a religious book B. literature C. record of great minds D. 'all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization. 5. The Crusades were wars between.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope* s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above 7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was.A. What do I knowB. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who. A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope26. Rembrandt [] 27. Handel [] 28. William Blake [ J 29. Stendhal [] 30. James Joyce [] 21. Plato [J 22. Dante [] 23. Ignatius [ ∣ 24. Bacon [] 25. Engels [] 26. James Joyce [] 27. Shelley [] 28. Goethe [] 29. Chopin [] 30. Andre Gide []B.discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC.explored the mouth of the AmazonD.was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9.Which of the following laws was discovered by NewtonA. Law of inertia.B. Law of faking bodies.C. Law of relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10.In Locke's political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government wasA. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11.Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial RevolutionA.The substitution of water power for human power.B.The introduction of machine.C.The beginning of the factory system.D.The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12."Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by.A. VoltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13.In the works of can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14.The poem of Byron's that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th centuryA. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15.Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC.ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty3.1.is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinD.Schumann17.Which of the following works was not written by Charles DickensA. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18.The author of the short story The Necklace was.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19."The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EHotD. William Butler Yeats20.regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. ShoIokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky第二部分非选择题In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left handcolumn with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)21. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time25. Titian ( ) (e) OtheIIo26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession28. CoIeridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi30. Descartes ( ) (j ) Mathematical Principles PhilosohyGive a one-sentence answer to each Of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )31.What are the three styles in Greek architecture32.What was Marcus Cicero noted for33.What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture34.Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake35.What is the theory put forward by Copemicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs"36.What is Montesquieu's redefinition of law参考答案L 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A 12. B 13.C 14. D 15.C 16. B17. E 18. D 19. B 20. D22. b 23. e 24. i 25. h 26;a 27. j 28. e 29. d 30, fm. 31. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style (or the masculine style), the Ionic style(or the feminine style),and the Corinthian style.32.Marcus Cicero was noted for his oratory and fine writing style.33.The fusion and blending of different ideas and practices in the Middle ages paved the way for the development of what iv the present-day European culture.34.Because Jan Hus attacked the abases of the church in his sermons and writings.35.The theory put forward by Copernicus is that the sun, not the earth is the centre of the universe.36.Montesquieu redefined law as the necessary relationships which derive from the nature of things. Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points)45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art45. The Renaissance art has the following distinctive features:(1) Art broke away from the domination of the church. Artists who used to be craftsmen commissioned by the church to paint the design became a separate strata like writers and poets doing noble and creative work.(2)Themes of paintings changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible ,of God Jesus and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man. Even when the themes remained celestial, the heroes were given human qualities and given strong muscles and sinews Of man.(3)The artists studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of ancient civilization into their works. They began to be supported by individual collectors.(4)Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective.。
西方文化试题及答案
西方文化试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪部作品不是莎士比亚的悲剧？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》C. 《威尼斯商人》D. 《奥赛罗》答案：C2. 被称为“现代艺术之父”的艺术家是：A. 达芬奇B. 米开朗基罗C. 梵高D. 塞尚答案：D3. 以下哪个节日起源于古罗马？A. 圣诞节B. 感恩节C. 万圣节D. 复活节答案：C4. 以下哪个国家不是欧洲国家？A. 法国B. 德国C. 澳大利亚D. 意大利答案：C5. 以下哪个不是西方文化中的四大发明？A. 造纸术B. 印刷术C. 指南针D. 火药答案：A（注：西方文化中的四大发明通常指的是：蒸汽机、电力、内燃机和计算机）二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. 被誉为西方哲学之父的是________。
答案：苏格拉底2. 《神曲》是意大利诗人________的代表作。
答案：但丁3. 欧洲文艺复兴运动起源于________世纪的意大利。
答案：144. 现代奥运会的发源地是________。
答案：希腊5. 法国大革命发生在________年。
答案：1789三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述文艺复兴时期的主要特点。
答案：文艺复兴时期是欧洲历史上的一个重要时期，主要特点包括对古典文化的复兴，人文主义思想的兴起，科学和艺术的繁荣，以及对个人价值和理性的重视。
2. 描述一下启蒙运动对西方社会的影响。
答案：启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲的一场思想运动，它强调理性、批判传统权威，推动了科学、哲学和政治的发展。
启蒙运动对西方社会产生了深远的影响，包括促进了民主和法治的发展，为现代国家的形成奠定了思想基础。
3. 阐述一下工业革命对西方社会经济和文化的影响。
答案：工业革命是18世纪末到19世纪初的一场技术和社会变革，它极大地提高了生产效率，促进了城市化和资本主义经济的发展。
同时，工业革命也带来了社会结构的变化，促进了教育和文化的普及，对西方社会的经济和文化产生了深远的影响。
西方经济学题库(超完整版)
第二章供求规律一、单项选择题1．需求曲线是一条倾斜的曲线，其倾斜的方向为（A）A．右下方B．右上方C．左下方D．左上方2．下列体现了需求规律的是（D）A．药品的价格上涨，使药品质量得到了提高B．汽油的价格提高，小汽车的销售量减少C．丝绸价格提高，游览公园的人数增加D．照相机价格下降，导致销售量增加3．其他因素保持不变，只是某种商品的价格下降，将产生什么样的结果（C）A．需求增加B．需求减少C．需求量增加D．需求量减少4．下列变化中，哪种变化不会导致需求曲线的位移(B)A人们的偏好和爱好B产品的价格C．消费者的收入D．相关产品的价格5．当汽油的价格上升时，在其他条件不变的情况下，对小汽车的需求量将（A）A．减少B．不变C．增加D．难以确定6．当咖啡价格急剧升高时，在其他条件不变的情况下，对茶叶的需求量将（C）A．减少B．不变C．增加D．难以确定7．消费者预期某种物品将来价格要上升，则对该物品当前的需求会（C）A．减少B．不变C．增加D．难以确定8．需求的变动与需求量的变动（B）A．都是由于一种原因引起的B．需求的变动由价格以外的其他因素的变动所引起的，而需求量的变动由价格的变动引起的C．需求量的变动是由一种因素引起的，需求变动是两种及两种以上的因素引起的D．是一回事9．整个需求曲线向右上方移动，表明（A）A．需求增加B．需求减少C．价格提高D．价格下降10．对化妆品的需求减少是指（A）A．收入减少引起的减少B．价格上升而引起的减少C．需求量的减少D．价格下降11．在同一条曲线上，价格与需求量的组合从A点移动到B点是（D）A．需求的变动B．收入的变动C．偏好的改变D．需求量的变动12．导致需求曲线发生位移的原因是（C）A．因价格变动，引起了需求量的变动B．因供给曲线发生了位移，引起了需求量的变动C．因影响需求量的非价格因素发生变动，而引起需求关系发生了变动D．因社会经济因素发生变动引起产品价格的变动13．下列因素中哪一种因素不会使需求曲线移动（B）A．消费者收入变化B．商品价格下降C．其他商品价格下降D．消费者偏好变化14．供给曲线是一条倾斜的曲线，其倾斜的方向为（B）A．右下方B．右上方C．左下方D．左上方15．鸡蛋的供给量增加是指供给量由于（C）A．鸡蛋的需求量增加而引起的增加B．人们对鸡蛋偏好的增加C．鸡蛋的价格提高而引起的增加D．由于收入的增加而引起的增加16．如果某种商品供给曲线的斜率为正，保持其他条件不变的情况下，该商品价格上升，导致（C）A．供给增加B．供给减少C．供给量增加D．供给量减少17．建筑工人工资提高将使（A）A．新房子供给曲线左移并使房子价格上升B．新房子供给曲线左移并使房子价格下降C．新房子供给曲线右移并使房子价格上升D．新房子供给曲线左移并使房子价格下降18．假如生产某种商品所需原材料的价格上升，则这种商品（B）A．需求曲线向左方移动B．供给曲线向左方移动C．需求曲线向右方移动D．供给曲线向右方移动19．供给规律中可以反映在（D）A．消费者不再喜欢消费某商品，使该商品的价格下降B．政策鼓励某商品的生产，因而该商品的供给量增加C．生产技术提高会使商品的供给量增加D．某商品价格上升将导致对该商品的供给量增加20．当供求原理发生作用时，粮食减产在市场上的作用是（B）A．政府规定个人购买粮食的数量B．粮食价格上升C．粮食价格下降D．粮食交易量增加21．关于均衡价格的正确说法是（C）A．均衡价格是需求等于供给时的价格B．供给量等于需求量时的价格C．供给曲线与需求曲线交点上的价格D．供给价格等于需求价格时的价格22．均衡价格随着（D）A．供给和需求的增加而上升B．供给和需求的减少而上升C．需求的减少和供给的增加而上升D．需求的增加和供给的减少而上升23．当某种商品的需求和供给出现同时减少的情况时，那么（C）A．均衡价格下降，均衡产量减少B．均衡价格下降，均衡产量无法确定C．均衡价格无法确定，均衡产量减少D．均衡价格上升，均衡产量减少24．已知某商品的需求函数和供给函数分别为：QD=14-3P，QS=2+6P,该商品的均衡价格是（A）A． 4/3B． 4/5C． 2/5 D． 5/225．假设某商品的需求曲线为Q=3-2P，市场上该商品的均衡价格为4，那么，当需求曲线变为Q=5-2P后，均衡价格将（A）A．大于4 B．小于4C．等于4 D．小于或等于426．需求的变动引起（A）A．均衡价格和均衡数量同方向变动B．均衡价格反方向变动，均衡数量同方向变动C．均衡价格与均衡数量反方向变动D．均衡价格同方向变动，均衡数量反方向变动27．供给的变动引起（B）A．均衡价格和均衡数量同方向变动B．均衡价格反方向变动，均衡数量同方向变动C．均衡价格与均衡数量反方向变动D．均衡价格同方向变动，均衡数量反方向变动28．政府为了扶植农产品，规定了高于均衡价格的支持价格。
外国常识大全1000题
外国常识大全1000题1. 构成堂·吉诃德性格喜剧性的主要因素是(B )。
A.他对社会的冷嘲热讽B.他企图恢复过时的骑士精神C.他立志铲除人间罪恶却屡遭失败D.他为崇高理想而献身的伟大精神2. 塞万提斯在《堂·吉诃德》中巧妙地运用了除(A )以外的艺术手法。
A.写实B.对比C.嘲讽D.夸张3. 在《堂·吉诃德》主人公凭空想象的心上人是(A )。
A. 杜尔西内娅B. 索菲利亚C. 桃丽娜D. 贝亚特里丝4. 《堂·吉诃德》第二部中塞万提斯塑造的卡拉斯科这一人物，是一个(B )。
A. 哲学家B. 文学士C. 牧师D. 医生5. (D)是第一位从西班牙语翻译《堂·吉诃德》的译者。
A. 林纾B. 陈家麟C. 傅东华D. 杨绛6. 《神曲》的主要内容取材于(C)。
A. 历史B. 神话传说C. 圣经故事D. 意大利现实生活7. 但丁创作《神曲》的目的是(C )。
A.表现宗教思想B.歌颂人类美好的感情C.为人类指出一条从黑暗走向光明的途径D.宣传人文主义精神8. 但丁创作《神曲》时使用的语言是(C )。
2 m) s% l/ K4 V0 a! D& TA.拉丁语B.希腊语C.意大利语D.希伯来语9. 在《神曲》中维吉尔象征的是(A )。
A.理性B.信仰C.神学D.智慧10. 除(C )外，其它均是但丁代表作《神曲》的组成部分。
A.《地狱》B.《炼狱》C.《人间》D.《天堂》11. 《包法利夫人》中的爱玛是一个(A )。
A.在贵族资产阶级社会的腐蚀和逼迫下堕落毁灭的妇女形象B.个人奋斗者形象C.女冒险家D.追求个性解放的妇女形象12. 《包法利夫人》中福楼拜使用“布尔乔亚”一词具有的含义是(C )。
A. 资产阶级B. 商人C. 城镇居民、庸人D. 革命者13. 包法利夫人的丈夫是(A )。
A. 查理B. 罗道尔弗C. 玉斯旦D. 赖昂14. 《包法利夫人》第二卷中故事发生的地点是(B )。
西方文化入门复习题
西方文化入门复习题填空题1. The earliest civilization in Greece was the Cretan Civilization, also known as the Minoan Civilization.2. At the end of Mycenaean civilization, the Trojan War broke out.3. In the 6th Century B.C. the city of Sparta gained greater control of Peloponnesus by organizing an alliance of almost all the Peloponnesian states.4. The Persian wars, which were between Greek states and Persia, ended with The Battle of Marathon.5. In Greek mythology, the Olympian gods include Zeus, Hestia, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hera, and other six gods.6. One of the features of Greek mythology is that gods resembled humans.7. Plato was Socrates’ student and the author of The Republic.8. The Senate was a political institution started from ancient Rome and still part of the parliaments in some western countries.9. The first Triumvirate of Rome included Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.10. The capital city of Byzantine Empire was Constantinople.11. The exiled Jews systematically recomposed their legends and manuscripts into the book Talmud.12. The Bible of Judaism is the same as the New Testament of Christianity.13. Christianity became the sole official religion of the Roman Empire in 392 AD under the emperor Theodosius.14. Christianity has broken up into several factions, principally the Roman Catholicism, the Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Protestantism.15. After the destruction of Roman Empire in 476, Europe entered the Middle Ages, which lasted about a thousand years or so and was dominated by Germanic people whom the Romans had called savage.16. In the 7th Century, Muhammad, an Arabian merchant, founded the religion of Islam.17. The most striking feature of Renaissance was doubtless the flourishing of humanism, which was exemplified by the developments in science, religion,philosophy, literature, art, and education.18. The two leaders of religious reformation in 16th century were Martin Luther in Germany and John Calvin in France.19. Renaissance art was represented by three towering figures: da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.20. The Enlightenment, which is generally agreed to have originated in France, marked the beginning of the modern era and laid a solid foundation for the later process of the Western modernization.21. The most important book of the French philosopher Rousseau was The Social Contract which argued against the idea that monarchs were divinely empowered to legislate and theorized about the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society.简答题1. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture?2. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification?3. What are the main components of Christianity?4. Why the Byzantine Empire could stay much longer than the Western Roman Empire?5. What are the major achievements of the Renaissance?6. Briefly introduce two representative figures of the Enlightenment and their central ideas.。
30道法国知识选择题和答案
30道法国知识选择题和答案1. 法国的首都是（B）。
A. 里昂B. 巴黎C. 马赛2. 法国的国旗颜色从上到下依次是（A）。
A. 蓝、白、红B. 红、白、蓝C. 白、蓝、红3. 法国的官方语言是（A）。
A. 法语B. 英语C. 德语4. 法国的国花是（C）。
A. 玫瑰B. 郁金香C. 鸢尾花5. 埃菲尔铁塔位于法国的（A）。
A. 巴黎B. 马赛C. 里昂6. 法国著名的艺术博物馆是（A）。
A. 卢浮宫B. 凡尔赛宫C. 蓬皮杜艺术中心7. 法国的货币是（A）。
A. 欧元B. 法郎C. 美元8. 法国面积最大的城市是（C）。
A. 巴黎B. 尼斯C. 马赛9. 法国的主要宗教是（A）。
A. 天主教B. 基督教C. 伊斯兰教10. 法国的葡萄酒产区主要有（A）。
A. 波尔多、勃艮第B. 香槟、阿尔萨斯C. 罗纳河谷、卢瓦尔河谷11. 法国大革命爆发于（B）年。
A. 1787B. 1789C. 179112. 法国的国庆日是（C）。
A. 5 月1 日B. 7 月14 日C. 7 月14 日13. 法国著名的文学家有（A）。
A. 雨果、巴尔扎克B. 托尔斯泰、陀思妥耶夫斯基C. 歌德、席勒14. 法国的著名建筑有（A）。
A. 巴黎圣母院、凯旋门B. 圣彼得大教堂、斗兽场C. 白金汉宫、大本钟15. 法国的时装品牌有（A）。
A. 香奈儿、迪奥B. 古驰、普拉达C. 爱马仕、路易威登16. 法国的奶酪种类丰富，其中著名的有（A）。
A. 卡芒贝尔、布里B. 马苏里拉、切达C. 埃曼塔、蓝纹17. 法国的主要山脉有（A）。
A. 阿尔卑斯山脉、比利牛斯山脉B. 乌拉尔山脉、大高加索山脉C. 落基山脉、安第斯山脉18. 法国的主要河流有（A）。
A. 塞纳河、卢瓦尔河B. 伏尔加河、多瑙河C. 泰晤士河、莱茵河19. 法国的主要城市除了巴黎，还有（A）。
A. 里昂、马赛B. 圣彼得堡、莫斯科C. 罗马、米兰20. 法国的交通主要以（A）为主。
53道外国文学常识填空题，都是高分必备！
53道外国文学常识填空题，都是高分必备！1.荷马史诗分为《伊利昂纪》和《奥德修纪》，一般认为是吟诵诗人荷马所作，故称荷马史诗。
前者描写部落战争（特洛伊战争），后者写战后漂泊。
2.埃斯库罗斯被称为“悲剧之父”代表作：《被缚的普罗米修斯》3.索福克勒斯代表作：《俄狄浦斯王》4.欧里庇德斯代表作：《美狄亚》5.阿里斯托芬是“喜剧之父”，他反对内战，主张和平，被恩格斯称为“有强烈倾向的诗人”。
代表作品有《阿卡奈人》《云》《鸟》等。
6.《伊索寓言》是这时期的代表作，相传作者是一位叫作伊索的奴隶，主要表现下层平民和奴隶的思想感情，是最早的一部寓言故事集。
艺术上，善于运用拟人的手法，把动物赋予人的性格，具有浓郁的民间文学色彩。
比较著名的有《狼和小羊》《狐狸和葡萄》《农夫与蛇》《龟兔赛跑》《乌鸦和狐狸》等。
7. 但丁意大利诗人，现代意大利语的奠基者，欧洲文艺复兴的先驱。
恩格斯说他是“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。
代表作有《神曲》《新生》《飨宴》《论俗语》《帝制论》。
《神曲》是但丁的代表作，《神曲》按宗教思想构思分成《地狱》《炼狱》《天堂》三部分，采用梦幻文学的形式写成。
8.但丁、彼特拉克被并称为意大利文艺复兴的“三杰”。
短篇小说集《十日谈》是薄伽丘的代表作。
9.塞万提斯被誉为西班牙文学世界里最伟大的作家，被狄更斯、福楼拜和托尔斯泰誉为“现代小说之父”。
主要作品：历史剧《奴曼西亚》。
另外，还有《堂吉诃德》。
10.莎士比亚代表了英国文学的最高成就，人文主义文学的集大成者，近代欧洲文学的奠基者之一。
马克思称他为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”，人们尊称他为“莎翁”。
莎士比亚的戏剧创作按体裁可分为历史剧、喜剧、悲剧和传奇剧四类。
11.喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》（莎士比亚喜剧走向成熟的标志）《威尼斯商人》（莎士比亚喜剧中最富有社会讽刺意义的一部，塑造了欧洲文学史上第一个吝啬鬼形象“夏洛克”）12.四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《麦克白》13.莫里哀法国古典主义喜剧奠基者。
15道希腊知识选择题和答案
15道希腊知识选择题和答案1. 古代雅典实行的政体是（）。
A. 君主制B. 贵族制C. 民主制D. 共和制答案：C2. 希腊出现了约两百个奴隶制小国，史称“城邦”或“城市国家”是在（）。
A. 公元前8 世纪B. 公元前6 世纪C. 公元前5 世纪D. 公元前4 世纪答案：A3. 理论上讲，只有父母都是雅典公民的人才有公民权。
这说明雅典民主制的实质是（）。
A. 成年男子的民主B. 奴隶主阶级的民主C. 全体公民的民主D. 少数人的民主答案：D4. 雅典民主制产生的最主要原因是（）。
A. 地理环境B. 经济发展C. 城邦制度D. 阶级矛盾答案：C5. 古希腊雅典城邦存在着宽容和不宽容例子。
宽容的鼎盛时期，各地学者云集雅典，百家争鸣，共同创造出璀璨的古代文化。
当城邦面临危机时刻，雅典人不再宽容了。
苏格拉底之死，说到底就是因为他的言论利刃和哲学武器对雅典民主体制造成了伤害。
这说明了雅典民主政治的（）。
A. 优越性B. 局限性C. 进步性D. 保守性答案：B6. 我们想了解早期希腊社会状况，我们可以查阅（）。
A. 《十二铜表法》B. 《荷马史诗》C. 《罗摩衍那》D. 《一千零一夜》答案：B7. 古希腊雕塑成果丰硕，图一与图二是其中的代表作品。
这些艺术杰作体现了古希腊（）。
A. 共和政体趋向完善B. 崇尚人体的力与美C. 男女政治权利基本相同D. 思想统一促进城邦发展答案：B8. 《荷马史诗》是宝贵的文学遗产，也是了解早期希腊社会的主要文献。
希腊神话的特点是（）。
A. 人的形象丑陋卑微B. “神人同形同性”C. 神的品德完美高尚D. 神的外形半人半兽答案：B9. 提出“原子论”的古希腊哲学家是（）。
A. 亚里士多德B. 苏格拉底C. 德谟克利特D. 亚历山大答案：C10. 罗马的历法来源于古埃及人的太阳历。
凯撒命人以太阳历为蓝本制定新的历法，称为儒略历，后来成为人们使用的公历的基础。
新中国成立后，宣布使用公历，采用公元纪年。
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1.1775年5月第二届大陆会议在(费城)召开。
2.1783年英美两国在(巴黎)签订和约，英国承认美国独立。
3.(1914)年8月1日第一次世界大战爆发。
4．林肯是美国第(16)任总统。
5. (华盛顿)被美国人称为国父。
6.(1963)年8月28日，在美国首都华盛顿林肯纪念堂高高的台阶上，著名美国黑人领袖马丁路德金发表了美国20世纪60年代民权运动中最著名的一次演说《我有一个梦想》。
8.实用主义的创始人是(皮尔士)。
9.1942年元旦，在罗夫斯的倡导下，美，英，苏，中等26个国家的代表在华盛顿签署了(《联合国家宣言》)，国际反法西斯同盟正式成立。
10．1962年海洋生物学家(蕾切尔。
卡逊)出版了《寂静的春天》一书。
11.(911)年，统治东法兰克王国的加洛林王朝告终。
12.(阿兰胡埃斯的骚动)标志着西班牙旧制度的告终。
13. 六二二年，伊斯兰教教主穆罕默德被逐，率门徒出走麦加，教徒即以本年为(回历元)。
14. 330年，君士坦丁大帝自罗马城迁都拜占庭城，改名为(君士坦丁堡。
)15. 西方经济学是指流行于西欧北美资本主义发达国家的(经济理论)和(政策主张)，被称为“社会科学之王”。
16.美国曾经历过南北战争（1861年－1865年）和大萧条（二十世纪三十年代）等数次严酷的考验。
17、1775.4.19（列克星敦）和（康科德）人民对英军进行反抗，打响了美国独立战争的第一枪。
18、1789.4.30（美国联邦政府）成立，乔治·华盛顿就任第一届美国总统。
19、（1812.6.18）美英爆发第二次战争。
20、1903.12.17（莱特兄弟）首次成功地驾驶由发动机推进的飞机。
21、1949.8.24美国、加拿大和14个西欧国家在华盛顿签署一项公约，建立（北大西洋公约组织）。
22.世界海拔最高的大洲是（南极洲）23.世界最高大的山脉（喜马拉雅山脉）24. 世界火山最多的国家（印度尼西亚），有"火山国"之称25. 欧洲的地形以（平原）为主26. 欧洲的居民绝大部分属（白）色人种27. 欧洲语言属（印欧）语系28. 俄罗斯：是世界上（面积)最大的国家。
29.立陶宛首都（维尔纽斯）30.世界上最大的岛群由印度尼西亚13000多个岛屿和菲律宾约7000个岛屿组成，称为(马来群岛)。
31.意大利首都（罗马）32.(丹麦)被称为“千湖之国”。
33.半岛：陆地伸进海洋的部分阿拉伯半岛-世界最大34.世界陆地海拔最低点是（死海）35.世界上最大的高原——巴西高原；36.世界上出产黄金最多的国家——南非。
37.世界上面积最大的冲击平原——南美洲的亚马孙平原。
38.世界上进口石油最多的国家——美国。
39.世界上有190多个国家.最小的是（梵蒂冈）。
40.煤主要分布在（北半球亚欧大陆和北美洲中部）41.美利坚合众国（United States of America）是一个由（五十）个州和（一个）联邦直辖特区组成的宪政联邦共和制国家41.钟楼（The Clock Tower）位于哪个国家（C）A澳大利亚B美国C英国D新西兰42．叹息桥实在那所大学（A）A剑桥大学B哈佛大学C斯坦福大学D牛津大学西方时事篇39. 伊朗首座核电站-----（布什尔核电站）8月21日开始装载核燃料。
37.2010年6月11日，第19届世界杯开幕式在南非（约翰内斯堡）足球城球场举行。
38.2010年3月1日，乌拉圭总统（何塞穆希卡）宣誓就职。
39.2008年，（俄罗斯）总统称“要在北极划疆界”,震惊西方。
40.第19届世界杯主题曲是（飘扬的旗帜waving flag）41.南非世界杯的吉祥物是（“扎库米”一只长着一头绿色非洲卷发的可爱豹子）。
42.2010年2月27日，智利首都圣地亚哥西南320公里马乌莱附近海域发生里氏（8.8）级地震43.金砖四国是（中国俄罗斯巴西印度）44.2010年5月9日，俄罗斯（纪念卫国战争胜利65周年）在莫斯科隆重举行。
45.2010年5月5日，美国（墨西哥湾）原油泄漏事件引起了国际社会的高度关注。
46.南非世界杯足球赛决赛圈比赛于（2010年6月11日——7月11日）在南非的九个城市的十座球场举行47.2008年9月3日，美国共和党正式提名（麦凯恩）为共和党总统候选人。
48.2009年12月4日，尼泊尔总理和22位部长在（喜马拉雅山）海拔5262米的高度举行内阁会议，讨论全球变暖对该山的影响。
49.2010年 1月27日晚，为期5天的2010年世界经济论坛年会在（瑞士山城达沃斯）开幕50.2010年1月18日，为期4天的第三届世界未来能源峰会在（阿拉伯联合酋长国首都阿布扎比）开幕。
2月12日，第二十一届冬季奥林匹克运动会开幕式在（加拿大温哥华哥伦比亚）体育馆举行。
51.2010年3月6日，冰岛举行的全民公决否决了向（ A ）储户赔偿存款损失的决议。
A 英国和荷兰 B美国和英国 C美国和德国 D德国和荷兰52. 2010年4月29日下午，为期两天的第（ C ）届南亚区域合作联盟（简称南盟）首脑会议在不丹首都廷布落下帷幕。
A 14B 15 C16 D1753.2010年 5月6日，第六十四届联合国大会召开特别会议，纪念第二次世界大战结束( C )周年。
A 63B 64C 65D 66古希腊神话篇54.传说（普罗米修斯）是创造人类和造福人类的伟大天神。
创造出人类，并赋予人以生命，违抗宙斯的禁令，使人间有了火。
还把各种技艺、知识传播给人类，使人类得到文明。
他因此而触怒宙斯，被牢牢地钉在高加索山顶(Mount Caucasus)的峭上.55（赫拉克勒斯（Heracles）），是希腊神话中最伟大的英雄，他是宙斯与阿尔克墨涅之子，是珀耳修斯(Perseus)的后裔。
是宙斯为了生一个强大无比的儿子以保护神、人免于毁灭而生的56海神波塞冬(Poseidon)的圣物是（马和牛）57曾与工匠之神的妻子爱与美之神阿佛洛狄忒私通，被装进一张工匠之神特制的大网中而无法脱身的是（战神阿瑞斯(Ares)：）58兀鹰是他的圣鸟,宠兽是狗狗，他是凶残，狡诈，非理性的，为战争而战争的神，这位是（战神阿瑞斯(Ares)：）59神使（赫耳墨斯(Hermes)）是最聪明狡猾的神60太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)，是宙斯和（勒托）之子61爱与美之（神阿佛洛狄忒Aphrodite)）她的甜言蜜语能骗倒所有神和人。
她很爱笑，魅力无边，智者也会乱了分寸62身为三体女神的（阿耳忒弥斯（Artemis)），在空中是西伦，地上是阿尔特弥斯，阴间和黑暗阳间是海卡蒂。
63根据新神谱系，诸神都居于（奥林匹斯山上），宙斯推翻了父亲的统治，建立了新的统治秩序有十二主神64主掌光明，医药，文学，诗歌，音乐等。
每天架天马拉乘的的黄金车巡游天上一周的神是（阿波罗(Apollo)）65爱神手持弓箭，被其金箭射中者即与随后见到的第一个人坠入情网，而被其（铅箭）射中者会对另一个人产生莫名的仇恨66赫拉克勒斯最后被半人（马涅索斯(Nessus)）的毒血所毒死67珀修斯救下公主安德洛墨达，两人结婚，死后被提升到天界，帕耳修斯成了英仙座，而安德洛墨达则成了（仙女座）68手持巨大三叉戟，统领海中所有生物的海神是（波塞冬(Poseidon)）69抢夺丰收女神得墨忒尔之女春之女神玻尔塞富涅为妻的是（冥王哈帝斯（hades））70冥界这里，汹涌奔流着一条黑色的大河，（阿刻戎河）——即痛苦之河71爱与美之神阿佛洛狄忒Aphrodite)的圣树是（桃金娘）72.狄蜜忒Demeter，和土地有紧密关联的女神，职位是（谷物之神，豊收女神，）73. 战神Achilles的弱点在哪里？CA脖子 B 胸部C脚踝D头外国名著篇74《the sun also rises》是-------小说严肃75歌德的代表作《浮士德》的主题音响是（追求）76萨克雷因（《名利场》）-被公认为伟大的小说天才，“19世纪的菲尔丁”77伏尔泰的《老实人》是以针砭时弊，嘲讽（乐观主义）哲学为主题的78被恩格斯称为“比过去、现在和未来的一切左拉都都要伟大的多的现实主义大师”的作家是（巴尔扎克）79普鲁斯特运用意识流手法写的代表作是（《追忆似水年华》）80贝克特的《等待戈多》是（荒诞）派戏剧81其代表作为《俄狄浦斯王》，享有“戏剧界的荷马”之称的戏剧作家是（索福克勒斯）82 “人类最伟大的戏剧天才”指的是欧洲文艺复兴时期英国最杰出的戏剧家莎士比亚，着有四大悲剧——《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《麦克佩斯》，喜剧代表作有《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。
83拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义作家马尔克斯因哪一部名著被视为“伟大的天才（《百年孤独》）84生动而又详细地描绘了1944年8 月解放巴黎的战斗全过程的报告文学《巴黎烧了吗？》的两位作者是（拉莱•科林斯，多米尼克•拉皮埃尔）85西班牙文艺复兴时期重要的现实主义作家塞万提斯的最著名的作品是（《堂吉诃德》）86世界文学史上最著名的自传体小说之一的《马丁伊登》的作者是（杰克伦敦）雨果的《巴黎圣母院》中不惜为美丽可爱、纯洁善良的爱斯梅拉达杀死收养自己的副主教克洛德的人是谁？（A）A、加西莫多B、弗比斯C、甘果瓦D、巴尔贝87.卡夫卡所写的小说中他最喜欢的是哪一部？（D）A、《变形记》B、《美国》C、《审判》D、《判决》88.存在主义哲学思想的著名小说家、剧作家加缪的《局外人》的主人公是谁？（B）A、玛丽B、莫尔索C、雷蒙D、神父89.《死魂灵》的作者果戈理是俄国的什么主义文学奠基人之一？（C）A、存在主义B、魔幻现实主义C、批判现实主义D、表现主义90. 闻名于世的《神曲》的作者但丁被谁评价为“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人（B）A、马克思B、恩格斯C、列宁D、毛泽东91. 马尔克斯的哪一部作品在出版后第二年被美国《时代》周刊推荐为1976年世界十大优秀作品之一？（D）A、《百年孤独》B、《族长的没落》C、《一件事先张扬的人命案》D、《迷宫中的将军》92、其代表作为《俄狄浦斯王》，享有“戏剧界的荷马”之称的戏剧作家是（索福克勒斯）93.、莫里哀运用古典主义“三一律”的法则写成的代表作是哪一部？（D）A、《悭吝人.》B、《恨世者》C、《唐璜》D、《伪君子》94.莎士比亚四大悲剧是（哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白）95.《威尼斯商人》中的吝啬鬼是夏洛克96．下面哪部作品为海明威所作（A）A《太阳照常升起》B《天外也》C《睡谷传奇》D天真时代97.“To be，or not to be；that is the question”出自（莎士比亚）的作品英美文化篇98首次领圣餐是（罗马天主教）的宗教仪式99在英国，新年一早进屋的第一个来访者通常叫------CA 第一人B 幸运者C 第一脚D 吉祥者100英国的皇禽是------A-A 天鹅B 孔雀C 喜鹊D 百灵101 ----B-----最重要的职能之一是，在米迦勒节（9月29日）正午12时于市政厅选举市长。