扒粪运动 muckraking

About Mobil and Rockfeller
Bonus
■ Process
OUTBREAKING
We just want the truth. ------------Ida M. Tarbell
■ Process
OUTBREAKING
Objectivity
---the example of Tarbell’s work
Characteristics
■ Process
CLIMAX
1905-1908 is the climax stage there’re a large number of wide-ranging impact of the muckraking journalists writers and magazines. What people want are merely the facts, which left me with the work of explaining. ----------- Ray Stannard Baker
■ Process
OUTBREAKING
1902 to 1904 was the outbreak stage a group of magazine and newspaper reporters writers began to join the movement.
Claude H. Wetmore and Lincoln Steffens' Tweed Days in St. Louis ---- 1st Muckraking Article
early 20 century
The foundation of USA
19th 30s to 19th 60s During the Civil War 19th 90s The early 20th
Party press（政论）
Penny press（便士报道） Independent journalism（独立报道）
in-depth investigations carried out by the media
defending the public interest
on topical issues (generally focal issues）
independent investigation by reporters
■ Process
1906 1906 Cleve Sinclair David Graham Philips
CLIMAX
The Jungle（《屠场》） The Treason of the Senate（《参议院的叛国罪》）
The 1st muckraker being blamed
“... you may recall the description of the Man with the Muck-rake, the man who could look no way but downward with the muck-rake in his hands; Who was offered a celestial crown for his muck-rake, but who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was offered, but continued to rake to himself the filth of the floor.”
MUCKRAKING
!
Presented by: Kovy 叶可非 Weeky 王唯可 Alicia 王 燕 Philli 杨雅兰 Jane 徐萌敏 Fairy 徐钰程
1010820118 1010820113 1010820114 1010820117 1010820115 1010820116
《南方都市报》2003年刊头条 “被收容者孙志刚之死”
New journalism（新新闻）& Yellow journalism（黄色新闻） Grinding-in period（磨合阶段）
Bonus
The history of America journalism during 19th to 20th
■ Causes
1）Too many society problems 2）Journalists and editors aiming at the same goal——to awake the awareness of the society and people
1881 《Democracy》（《民主》） 1884 《America Politician》（《美国政客》） 1882 《The Provider》（《养家糊口的人》） 1892《The Dirty Money》（《不义之财》） 1894 《The Fighter in the Society》（《社会的奋斗者》）
January 1903 issue of McClure's is considered to be the official beginning of muckraking journalism Ida M. Tarbell "The History of Standard Oil“ Lincoln Steffens "The Shame of Minneapolis“ Ray Stannard Baker "The Right to Work"
exposing the truth
be intransigent and surrounded by doubts and questions
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
providing the public with the service of unpacking insoluble issues
DEFINITION
■ Background
Time：late 19 century USA Place： What’s going on： 1) The Gilded Age(镀金时代）& Greatly Strike-over(大跨越） 2）Serious Society Problems Agricultural County Industrial Country Politics： Corruption Economy： Monopoly Society： Gap Laws： Lacking Environment：Disruption Development of Urbanization Development of Industrialization
Muckraking：In-depth reports that expose inside stories, achieved through a news reporter’s independent, indepth, meticulous and comprehensive investigation of conduct that has been deliberately covered up by various organizations, doing harm to the public interest or citizen’s rights. They can also be called exposes (揭黑报 道), divulging reports (揭发报道), reports of misconduct (揭丑报道) or investigation reports (调查性报道).
-----------John Bunyan’s 1678 classic, Pilgrim’s Progress
■ Process
CLIMAX
They made money by hurting those who shall be the last to be hurt. They are seeking the scandals and the market. ------------------<Criticism> Investigators like Stephen and Tarbell found their authority declined generally. -----------<Collier’s Weekly>
China Economic Times‘ 2005 report, “Investigation Into the Attack on Villagers in Dingzhou” (河北“定州村民被袭事件”调查), China Economic Times in 2002, “The Ugly Truth About the Beijing Taxi Cartels” (北京出租车业垄断黑幕), China Economic Times 2010 report, “An Investigation of Vaccine Chaos in Shanxi” (山西疫苗乱象调查). Caijing magazine in 2007 published, “Whose Luneng?” (谁的鲁 能?), Southern Metropolis Daily‘s “Anyuanding: An Investigation of Beijing’s ‘Black Jails’ for Detaining Petitioners” (安元鼎：北京截 访“黑监狱”调查),
■ Process
1873 1881.3 1888 1894
BUDDING
“Muckraking Movement” 80 to 90 years of the 19th century was the bud stage muckraking. Work of this stage is the embryonic form of muckraking reporting. Mark Twain 《The Gilded Age》 Henry George “the Tale of Great Monopolies” 《Atlantic Monthly》 Edward Bellamy “Looking Backward, 2000-1887” Henry Demarest Lloyd 《Wealth Against Commonwealth》