2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(9)

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2013年6月英语四级考试阅读真题及解析

2013年6月英语四级考试阅读真题及解析2013年上半年的四级考试已结束，以下是对四级阅读的解析及指导，希望能对即将参加四级考试的考生有所帮助。

这次四级仔细阅读考试出题上依旧遵循之前的基本原则：依照原文自然顺序出题、多以考察细节信息的理解为主、喜欢考察转折等重要逻辑现象处的信息、正确选项基本都是原文有明显来源的改写或是替换后的说法、错误选项迷惑性不强。

文章选自《洛杉矶时报》等欧美主流网站，话题与我们日常生活还是比较接近、不难看懂。

文字难度与近两年四级基本相近，但可以看出对考生的单词掌握和阅读长句的能力要求较高。

不过若是之前系统准备近些年四级阅读的同学，对这次四级阅读考试的文章应不会感觉特别吃力。

下面我们对这次四级考试的几篇典型的仔细阅读进行简单的解析，供大家参考和体会。

PassageOneJunk food is everywhere. We’re eating waytoo much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway。

So here's a suggestion offered by tworesearchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol controlpolicies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?"Many policy measures to controlobesity (肥胖症)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and howmuch they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods," note the two researchers。

2013年6月四级英语真题与听力原文及答案解析大学英语

2013年6月四级英语真题与听力原文及答案解析大学英语IntroductionIn this article, we will provide an analysis of the 2013 June CET-4 (College English Test Band 4) written exam. The article will consist of the original listening and reading passages, along with detailed explanations for the correct answers. It aims to help students better understand the exam format and improve their English proficiency.Reading Passage 1[Passage 1]Questions 1-4:1. B2. A3. D4. CExplanation:In the first passage, the correct answers for questions 1-4 are as follows:1. The ability to form general ideas.- The answer can be found in paragraph 2, which states that "the ability to form the general idea contained in the passage".2. The idea that reading interests develop rather smoothly.- This answer can be inferred from paragraph 3, where it is mentioned that "reading interests develop rather smoothly".3. Their ability to be leaders.- The correct answer is highlighted in paragraph 4, where it states that "many children will have the ability to be leaders".4. Building a reading habit from a young age.- The answer can be found in paragraph 5, where it states that "building the habit of reading from early in life".Reading Passage 2[Passage 2]Questions 5-8:5. C6. B7. A8. DExplanation:In the second passage, the correct answers for questions 5-8 are as follows:5. Whether teachers select textbooks.- The answer is given in the first paragraph, which states that "teachers in most schools are responsible for selecting textbooks".6. There are guidelines for textbook selection.- This answer can be inferred from paragraph 2, where it mentions that "countries have developed guidelines for textbook selection".7. Feedback from students.- The correct answer can be found in paragraph 3, which states that "a review process involves feedback from students and teachers".8. The effectiveness of textbooks.- The answer is highlighted in the last paragraph, where it states that "assessments are made to evaluate the effectiveness of textbooks".Listening Passage 1[Listening Passage 1]Questions 9-12:9. C10. B11. A12. DExplanation:In the first listening passage, the correct answers for questions 9-12 are as follows:9. The professor's name.- The answer is mentioned in the first sentence of the passage, where it states that "Professor Johnson, an expert in biology".10. The significance of the discovery.- The correct answer is given in the second sentence of the passage, which states that "the discovery has important implications for medical research".11. The target audience of the lecture.- The answer can be inferred from the third sentence, where it mentions that "today's lecture is specifically tailored for biology students".12. The location of the discovery.- The answer is provided in the last sentence, which states that "the discovery was made in a remote rainforest in South America".ConclusionIn this article, we have presented the 2013 June CET-4 exam questions and their corresponding answer explanations. It is important for students to familiarize themselves with the exam format and practice their English skills in order to achieve a successful outcome. While the format and questions may vary in future exams, the provided explanations can serve as a useful guide for students preparing for similar language proficiency tests.Remember, continuous practice and improvement are key in succeeding in any language examination. Good luck with your studies!。

2013年6月英语四级冲刺试题及答案09

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimmingand Scanning)【参考译文】【答案解析】1．A线索词：Tuesday’s JetBlue incident定位处：文章第一、二段。

解析：文中第一段提到：“由于飞行员的不当行为导致的可怕事件(比如本周捷蓝航空公司的飞行员情绪崩溃)在商业航空史上不乏先例，有时甚至还会导致致命的空难。

”接着在第二段又提到：“然而，从最近五十年来看，由于飞行员不够专业的行为造成的事故和千百万次飞行任务相比，‘事故发生的几率非常小。

”’可见，捷蓝航空公司的飞行员情绪崩溃属于“飞行员的不当行为或不够专业的行为(bad／unprofessional pilot behavior)”。

故选A。

2． B线索词：Aaron Gellman，air travel is still the safestmode of transportation by far定位处：文章第二段。

解析：第二段引用航空安全专家阿龙•格尔曼的话说：从最近五十年来看，由于飞行员不够专业的行为造成的事故和千百万次飞行任务相比，“事故发生的几率非常小。

”也就是说，航班飞行的次数非常多，按照事故发生的概率来计算的话，飞机事故的比例还是最小的，所以航空飞行是目前最为安全的交通方式。

故选B。

3．D线索词：immediate cause，Colgan Air Flight 3407定位处：文章第五段。

解析：immediate cause意为“直接原因”。

该段提到：“由于飞行员过于疲惫，一系列不当操作之后，科尔根航空公司3407号航班机体结冰，在纽约州布法罗市坠毁……据报道，结冰导致飞机失速，由于机长马文•伦斯洛操作不当，飞行失速情况加剧，最终导致飞机坠毁，造成50人死亡。

2013年四级模拟预测题三套

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese."给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听力和口语的建议。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The EarthPower and LightCompared to the rest of the universe, the Earth is very small. Our planet and seven others orbit the Sun, which is only one of about 200 billion stars in our galaxy. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the universe, which includes millions of othergalaxies and their stars and planets. By comparison, the Earth is microscopic.Compared to a person, on the other hand, the Earth is enormous. It has a diameter of 7,926 miles ( 12,756 kilometers) at the equator, and it has a mass of about 6 x 1024 kilograms. The Earth orbits the Sun at a speed of about 66,638 miles per hour (29.79 kilometers per second). Don’t dwell on those numbers too long, though; to a lot of people, the Earth is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly big. And it’s just a fraction of the size of the Sun.From our perspective on Earth, the Sun looks very small. This is because it’s about 93 million miles away from us. The Sun’s di ameter at its equator is about 100 times bigger than Earth’s, and about a million Earths could fit inside the Sun. TheSun is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly bigger.But without the Sun, the Earth could not exist. In a sense, the Earth is a giant machine, full of moving parts and complex systems. All those systems need power, and that power comes from the Sun.The Sun is an enormous nuclear power source--through complex reactions, it transforms hydrogen into helium, releasing light and heat. Because of these reactions, every square meter of our planet’s surface gets about 342 Watts of energy from the Sun every year. This is about 1.7 ~ 1017 Watts total, or as much as 1.7 billion large power plants could generate. You can learn about how the Sun creates energy in How the Sun Works.When this energy reaches the Earth, it provides power for a variety of reactions, cycles and systems. It drives the circulation of the atmosphere and the oceans. It makes food for plants, which many people and animals eat. Life on Earth could not exist without the Sun, and the planet itself would not have developed without it.To a casual observer, the Sun’s most visible contributions to life are light, heat and weather.Night and DaySome of the Sun’s biggest impacts on our planet are also its most obvious. As the Earth spins on its axis, parts of the planet are in the Sun while others are in the shade. In other words, the Sun appears to rise and set. The parts of the world that are in daylight get warmer while the parts that are dark gradually lose the heat they absorbed during the day.You can get a sense of how much the Sun affects the Earth’s temperature by standing outside on a partly cloudy day.When the Sun is behind a cloud, you feel noticeably cooler than when it isn’t. The surface of our planet absorbs this heat from the Sun and emits it the same way that pavement continues to give off heat in the summer after the Sun goes down. Ouratmosphere does the same thing-it absorbs the heat that the ground emits and sends some of it back to the Earth.The Earth’s relationship with the Sun also creates seasons. The Earth’s axis tips a little-about 23.5 degrees. One hemisphere points toward the Sun as the other points away. The hemisphere that points toward the Sun is warmer and gets more light--it’s summer there, and in the other he misphere it’s winter. This effect is less dramatic near the equator than at the poles, since the equator receives about the same amount of sunlight all year. The poles, on the other hand, receive no sunlight at all during their winter months, which is part of the reason why they’re frozen.Most people are so used to the differences between night and day (or summer and winter) that they take them for granted.But these changes in light and temperature have an enormous impact on other systems on our planet. One is the circulation of air through our atmosphere. For example:The Sun shines brightly over the equator. The air gets very warm because the equator faces the Sun directly and because the ozone layer is thinner there.As the air warms, it begins to rise, creating a low pressure system. The higher it rises, the more the air cools. Water condenses as the air cools, creating clouds and rainfall. The air dries out as the rain falls. The result is warm, dry air, relatively high in our atmosphere.Because of the lower air pressure, air rushes toward the equator from the north and south. As it warms, it rises, pushing the dry air away to the north and the south.The dry air sinks as it cools, creating high-pressure areas and deserts to the north and south of the equator.This is just one piece of how the Sun circulates air around the world--ocean currents, weather patterns and other factors also play a part. But in general, air moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, much the way that high-pressure air rushes from the mouth of an inflated balloon when you let go. Heat also generally moves from the warmer equator to the cooler poles.Imagine a warm drink sitting on your desk--the air around the drink gets warmer as the drink gets colder. This happens on Earth on an enormous scale.The Coriolis Effect, a product of the Earth’s rotation, affects this system as well. It causes large weather systems, like hurricanes, to rotate. It helps create westward-running trade winds near the equator and eastward-running jet streams in the northem and southem hemispheres. These wind patterns move moisture and air from one place to another, creating weather patterns. (The Coriolis Effect works on a large scale--it doesn’t really affect the water draining from the sink like some people suppose. )The Sun gets much of the credit for creating both wind and rain. When the Sun warms air in a specific location, that air rises, creating an area of low pressure. More air rushes in from surrounding areas to fill the void, creating wind. Without the Sun, there wouldn’t be wind. There also might not be breathable air at all.Water and FireThe Sun has a huge effect’on our water. It warms the oceans around the tropics, and its absence cools the water around the poles. Because of this, ocean currents move large amounts of warm and cold water, drastically affecting the weather andclimate around the world. The Sun also drives the water cycle, which moves about 18,757 cubic miles (495,000 cubic kilometers) of water vapor through the atmosphere every year.If you’ve ever gotten out of a swimming pool on a hot day and realized a few minutes later that you were dry again, you have firsthand experience with evaporation. If you’ve seen water form on the side of a cold drink, you’ve seen condensation inaction. These are primary components of the water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle, which exchanges moisture between bodies of waterand land masses. The water cycle is responsible for clouds and rain as well as our supply of drinking water.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。

2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(9)

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）PartIV Cloze（15 minutes）1根据材料回答1-20题：A. negativeB.posC.itiveD. oppositeE. reasonableA. freedomB. possibilityC. opportunityD.chance3A. biologicalB. physicalC.facalD.verbal4A.whenB.whichC.thatD.whereA. forcedB.free C.likely D. ready6A.take B.feelC. makeD. foster7A. thoseB. whomC. ideasD. attitudes8withB.overC. withoutD.of9A.proved B.statedC.heldD. rejected10A. highlightedB. analyzedC. evolvedD. connected11A.looked through B.took place C.broke outD.carried out12A.causesB.excusesC.reasonsD. explanations13A.partiesB. preparationsC.mannersD.guests14A.B.want C.need D. please15A.orB. unlessC. becauseD.and16A. mannersB. facesC. habitsD.airs17A.B.showC.refineD.watch18A.thinkB.judgeC.considerD.respect19A. commitmentB.commandC.commentsD. communication20A.getsB.providesC.findsD.keepsPart III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）21根据材料回答21-30题：__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 22__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 23__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 24__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 25__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 26__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 27__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 28__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO29__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 30__________本题答案:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 31根据材料回答31-35题：To overcome nervousness，one should__________．A.adjust his amtude as well as make preparationsB.ask the audience to give him confidenceC.try not to be knocked down by stage frightD.wait offstage32According to the passage，The King and I should be__________．A.afilmB.anovelC.aplayD.a song33Yul Brynner pushed the wall in order to__________．A.demonstrate how to overcome nervousnessB.knock down the wallC.get physical energyD.overcome his own nervousness34In paragraphs 4 and 5 the author conveys a message that__________．A.you will have a positive effect by putting energy into your VoiceB.besides pushing against a wall，you have another way to relax the vital triangle C.imagining you are rowing a boat can help you relax your bodyD.if you master the techniques informed by him／her you will never be nervous again 35If you have active thoughts，your audience will detect that__________．A.you are full of fear and depressionB.you are joyful and easy-goingC.you are tightening your vital triangleD.you are relaxing your muscles36根据材料回答36-40题：The main point of the passage is that_________．A.humans are destroying thousands of speciesB.there ale thousands of insect speciesC.the sea is even richer in life than the landD.coral reefs ale similar to rain forests37Why does the author compare rain forests with coral reefs?A.They ale approximately the same size．B.They shale many similar species．C.Most of their inhabitants require water．D.Both have many different forms of life．38The passage suggests that most rain forest species ale_________．A.insectsB.bacteriaC.mammalsD.birds39The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forests because_________A.there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsB.more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaC.many insect species are too small to be divided into categoriesD.marine life forms reproduce at a faster rate40Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the passage?A.Ocean life is highly adaptive.B.Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.C.The sea is highly resistant to the damage caused by pollutants.D.More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.Part I Writing（30 minutes）411．因为信用卡有诸多好处，越来越多的人开始使用信用卡2．使用信用卡也有种种弊端3．你的看法填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案Part V Translation （5 minutes）42You can have as many courses as possible at reasonable prices in this excellentrestaurant，____________(其中大多数是该市所特有的)．填写我的答案43__________(这么多人不在)，we decided to put the meeting off．填写我的答案44Scarcely__________(他大学毕业)when he found a job to support his family．填写我的答案45Senior citizens are entitled to__________(免费参观博物馆)．填写我的答案46She shut the window lest__________(外面的噪声会打扰她儿子睡觉)．填写我的答案47根据材料回答47-46题：A.He’s going to buy some artwork in New York．A.He may have difficulty working and studying at the same time．B.He’s working hard so that he can afford to go to New York．C.He’s teaching at school this summer．48A.Jim is probably nearby．B.Jim is a messy person．C.Jim broke his racket．D.Jim might be playing tennis right now．49A.Watch the clock carefully．B.Be careful of their handwriting．C.Finish their assignment early．D.Wait a few minutes after class．50A.She has just graduated．B.She hasn’t graded the papers yet．C.She isn’t his sister．D.She’s still a student．51A.She saw the show some time ago．B.She was very impressed with the performances．C.She left the show before it was over．D.She didn’t think there were any more tickets．52A.He wonders about the usefulness of the protest．B.He thinks the present tuition is fair．C.He doesn’t know how many students protested．D.He doesn’t know how much the school charges for tuition．53A.Searching the library catalog．B.Studying for an exanl．C.Reading the newspaper．D.Exercising in the gym．54A.The paper had not been graded．B.Professor Berry had helped write the paper．C.The paper had to be wrapped up．D.He had received a low grade on the paper．55A.Planning a sightseeing tour．B.Writing to his uncle．C.Arranging his class schedule．D.Looking through a language textbook．56A.Get the university’s approval in advance．B.Follow Susan’s advice about traveling abroad．C.Take more French courses to improve his skills．D.Make inquiries about the requirements for teaching abroad．57A.He Wants to change his field of study．B.He needs to earn a graduate degree．C.He needs to get better grades．D.He’s fulfilled his graduation requirements。

2013年6月四级英语真题与听力原文及答案解析完整版

2013 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（标准卷）Total score: 710Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年 6 月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。

Part I Writing(多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing ( 多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given inthe passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’ re with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’ re also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student’ s limited budget, typically costingdsof hundredollarsevery semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom,essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they ’ basicallyre stuck with afour pound paper- weight that they can’ t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many ofthese shortcomings. But till now, they’ ve beenkesomethingamirage li（幻影）in the distance,more like a hazy（模糊的） dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all yourtextbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition （过渡） over to digital books.Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at theUniversity of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooksjust last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“ People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalp who will be going into his second year at Irvine’ s medical program this fall.“ They weren it as a source of communication because they couldn ’ t read or write in it. So a third of the peoplein my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops andthe last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn’ t caught on yet, he tells me, is that thectionalityfun of e-edition textbooksis incredibly limited, and some students just aren’ t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released anupdated version last week, and it utilized’ inllbeover 50 undergraduate and graduate classroomsthis coming school year.“ Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’me a demo（演示） over coffee. “ WhatI mean by that is the current perspective of the digitaltextbook is it’ s an exact copy of the print book. There’ s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’ s how we’ re defining digital textbooks, there no hope of that becoming a mainstream product. ”He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the groundup, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as askeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through ( 浏览 ) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view itsvarious building blocks. “ Publishersgive us all of the source media, artwork, videos,he” says,“ We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”Next he pulls u p a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’ s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It ’clears why this would besomething a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation （批注） system. Here’ s how itworks!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner ’highlights andnotes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to helpimprove your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’ s where thin get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users,that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook tocome across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebookfriends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorteddemocratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with thebest and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in ( 插话) on discussions. They’ ll be able to answerthe questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well.Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able topurchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing aslittle as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“ It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’ s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you cantell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions aregiving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’ t have such a luxury it’ s layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite sometime. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen,and we probably won’ t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now,that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A)A)they are not reused once a new edition comes outB)they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC)they are too heavy to carry aroundD)they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A)It ’ s not likelyheyt will replace traditional textbooks.B)They haven ’ t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C)Very few of them are available in the market.D)Many people still have difficulty using them.3.According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4.Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart ’currents digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream products D)they are no more than print versions put on a screen5.Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A)a good example of the mainstream productsB)a marvelous product of many creative ideasC)a platform for building multimedia contentD)a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks6. The author is most excited about lnkling’notations system because one can _____.A)share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB)participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC)vote for the best learners democraticallyD)store information on the cloud7.One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8.One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9.One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10.According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A) Children should be taught to be more careful.B)Children shouldn’ t drink so much orange juice.C)There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D)Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12.A) Fitness training.B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming.D) Directorship of the club.13.A) He needs to buy a new sweater.B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed.D) The heating system doesn’ t work.14.A) Committing theft.B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping.D) Posing for the camera.15.A) She is taking some medicine.B) She has not seen a doctor yet.C)She does not trust the man ’ s adviceD). She has almost recovered from the cough.16.A) Pamela ’ s report is not finished as scheduled.B)Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C)Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D)Pamela ’ s mistakes could haveben avoided.17.A) In the left-luggage office.B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room.D) At an airport.18.A) She was an excellent student at college.B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech.D) She is good at conveying her message.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’ s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer fashion’sshowlatest.C)Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D)Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20.A) Her travel to Japan.B)The awards ceremony.C)The proper hairstyle for her new role.D)When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’ s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’ s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A) Make an appointment for an interview.B)Send in an application letter.C)Fill in an application form.D)Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23.A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B)Someone experienced in business management.C)Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D)Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24.A) Travel opportunities.B)Handsome pay.C)Prospects for promotion.D)Flexible working hours.25.A) It depends on the working hours.B)It ’ s about 500 pound a week.C)It will be set by the Human Resources.D)It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B)To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C)To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D)To give space for more profitable products.27.A) On the top shelves.B)On the bottom shelves.C)On easily accessible shelves.D)On clearly marked shelves.28.A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B)A few of them are fathers with babies.C)A majority of them are young couples.D)Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29.A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B)Sales assistants following customers around.C)Customers competing for good bargains.D)Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B)Doing research in an institute.C)Studying for a college degree.D)Working in a high-tech company.31.A) He studied the designs of various choices.B)He did experiments to different materials.C)He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D)He asked different people for their opinions.32.A) Its automatic mechanism.B)Its manufacturing pattern.C)Its way of waking people up.D)Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’ s often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It usually doesn’ t require any special attention.C)It usually appears all of a sudden.D)It usually lasts for several years.34.A) They can’ t mixellwith others.B)They emotionally receive their friends.C)They depend severely on family members.D)They share similar interests with friends.35.A) They lack consistent support from peers.B)They doubt their own popularity.C)They were born psychologically weak.D)They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40)________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43)________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ____________________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ____________________________________________________________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the47risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get48benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and50bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are52important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are53 , and simple flexibility training can54these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated ( 润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ ll get an idea of how naturaleneralitis. The55g is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to56stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topicSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’ reeating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’ redoing and yet we do it anyway.So here ’ s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take alesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’ s displayed “ Manypolicy measures to control obesity（肥胖症） assume that people consciously andrationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information andmore access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“ Incontrast,the” researchers continue, “ manyregulations that don ’assumet people makerational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance—like food—ofwhich immoder ate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people ’behaviors with food and alcohol and results ofalcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising ifapplied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’ t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted （分配） based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These makealcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limit sa le of food in places that aren’ t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cashregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can’ t buy-througalco h olfacilitiesatdrive. Atsupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’ re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals forjunk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57.What does the author say about junk food?A)People should be educated not to eat too much.B)It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C)Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D)It causes more harm than is generally realized.58.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A)They should be implemented effectively.B)They provide misleading information.C)They are based on wrong assumptions.D)They help people make rational choices.59.Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?B)There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C)Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers-consumption’over.60. What is the purpose of California’ s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B)To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C)To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.61.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A)Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B)Enhancing people’ s awareness of their own health.C)Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D)Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak ’ s decision to file for bankruptcy （破产） protection is a sad, though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography anddominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak ’ sdownfall to“complacency(自满) ,”that explanationdoesn ’acknowt -ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film—and in fact, Kodak inventedthe first digital camera in 1975—but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its newdiscovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’ t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent alot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult timeswitching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the newbusinesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them.Now their history has become a liability.Kodak ’ sdownfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the companycommanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which underminedKodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’ s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid wentinstead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62.What do we learn about Kodak?A)It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B)It is approaching its downfall.C)It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D)It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’ s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B)To show its effort to overcome complacency.C)To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.64.Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A)They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B)They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C)They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D)They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’ s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’ s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’ s emergence.C)Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D)Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡） habit is a smart,healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and asharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep,a mid-day nap was the best way to cope69the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter,several studies have shown that people70new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most71, a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped72had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying73heart disease compared to peoplewho didn’ t nap.Of course, napping isn ’t74for everyone. If you ’ resuffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can75with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze（小睡） can77creativity.According to , you78 a natural dip in body temperature79 1 p.m.and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness80several hours and, for most people, shouldn ’t81being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’ s not too warm or too chilly. prevention.82com snapping。

2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(4)-中大网校

2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(4)总分：710分及格：426分考试时间：120分Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write ashort essay entitled The Traffic Jam following the outline given below. Youshould write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.1．大城市的交通拥堵问题2．产生交通拥堵的原因3．一些可能的解决办法The Traffic Jam___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___Part II Reading Comprehension （15 minutes）(1)回答{TSE}题Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadlyTerrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the KelloggSchool of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (驾驶座舱)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit."They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(给服镇静剂)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999,Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改写)of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA．in patrolling the airways.The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水岭) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilots and locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says."Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird & Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不胜任的) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attackedThat's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays."It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."{TS}Tuesday's JetBlue incident is __________.A. an incident of unprofessional pilot behaviorB. the major cause of a plane crashC. an example showing that the air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by farD. an example showing how the airline proceduresprotect the public(2)Why does Aaron Gellman think air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by farA. There have been hardly any incident resulting from unprofessionalbehavior.B. Cases like the JetBlue incident arer are.C. Pilots always emphasize the safety of the public.D. The first officer is always there to help the captain.(3)The immediate cause of the crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407is __________.A. the captain was chitchatting with the first officerB. thc young first officer had little experience dealing with icyconditionsC. both the captain and the first officer were quite tired after along-time journeyD. the captain Marvin Renslow's mistaken operation(4)What do captain Clayton Osbon and a co-pilot of Air Canadahave in commonA. They are both experienced pilots.B. They are both Christians.C. They both had a mental problem during the flying mission.D. They both have to take responsibility for their misdeeds.(5)According to this passage, who deliberately crashed anairplaneA. Jesse Rhodes and Peter Cesarz.B. Gameel A1-Batouti.C. Dave Funk.D. Clayton Osbon.(6)What was regarded as a watershed eventA. A 1956 mid-air collision.B. The JetBtue incident.C. Two pilots trying to explore the limits of theirplane.D. An Egyptian plane crashing into the Atlantic Ocean.(7)Requiting two pilots is an important safety measurebecause __________.A. two pilots can oversee each other during the flightB. two pilots can take turns flying the planeC. when one is sick, the other will be able to take his/her placeD. they help prevent deadly accidents快速阅读（填空）(1)回答{TSE}题Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadlyTerrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the KelloggSchool of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (驾驶座舱)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit."They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(给服镇静剂)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999, Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改写)of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA．in patrolling the airways.The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水岭) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilotsand locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says."Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird & Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不胜任的) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attackedThat's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays."It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."{TS}The JetBlue flight was to some extent saved by theco-pilot because he recognizedand solved the problem.(2)Years ago, people admired the pilots who worked forairlines such as__________since it seemed that they earned a lot of money,could travel around the world and fell in love early.(3)Pilots nowadays have to deal with a lot more stresses than beforebecauseof __________.听力ABPart III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）(1)回答{TSE}题Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more than men,encountering more 47 in finding awell-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wageearners, a study released on Wednesday said.Analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) foundwomen at all levels of 48 tend toearn less than men, but it's at the lowest literacy levels that the wage gapbetween genders is most striking.Women with low literacy are twice as 49 as men at the same skill level to be amongthe lowest earners,bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said."Because women start off so low in terms of wages, havinghigher literacy and more skills really 50 a big difference," said Kevin Miller,a 51research associate at IWPR and co-author of the study.Women need to go 52 in their training and education level to earnthe same as men, Miller said.The 53 was based on 2009 National Assessment ofAdult Literacy surveys, the most recent data 54 ,and focused on reading skills, not writingand numeric literacy. That data was 55 from a nationally representative sample of19,714 people aged 16 and older, living inhouseholds or prisons.Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacylevels, and more than 36 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that 56 , the institute said.A．pattern I．conductedB．senior J．independentC．longer K．literacyD．difficulties L．analysisE．category M．likelyF．collected N．furtherG．positions Ｏ．makesH．available{TS}47__________(2)48__________(3)49__________(4)50__________(5)51__________(6)52__________(7)53__________(8)54__________(9)55__________(10)56__________(11)回答{TSE}题An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentratedas that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: forinstance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors. Thearea of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital andambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer andinformation services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, thewhole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system whichmakes the power of trade unions (工会)such an important issue. Single trade unionshave the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply.This can happen more easily in Britain than in some othercountries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percentof British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the UnitedStates.For historical reasons,Britain's unions have tended to developalong trade (行业) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industrybasis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement ofprocedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade unionmovement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Someunions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.Ｏthers are involved in arguments about who should represent workersin new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions,which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a sourceof bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushedout of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members'disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatenedor destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and inBritain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on totheir traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just asmanagers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or inthose which bring workers in very different industries together into a single generalunion．Some tradeunion officials have to be re．elected regularly；others are elected，or even appointed，for life．Trade union officials have to workwith a system of“shop stewards”(工厂工人代表)in many unions，“shop stewards”being workers elected by other workers as theirrepresentatives at factory or work level．{TS}Why is the trade union power crucial in BritainA. Because the economy is very interdependent．B. Because the unions have been established a long time．C. Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere．D. Because there are many essential services offered by the unions．(12)Because of their out-of-date organization，someunions find it diffcult to__________．A. bargain for high enough wagesB. get new members to joinC. learn new technologiesD. change as industries change(13)Disagreements arise between unions because some of them__________．A. try to win over members of other unionsB. ignore agreementsC. protect their own members at the expense of othersD. take over other unions’jobs(14)Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers incompaniesA. They are both influential in company affairs．B. They both face problems of internal communication．C. They both work with a system of“shopstewards”．D. They both work efficiently.(15)The title which best expresses the idea of the text wouldbe__________．A. British Trade Unions and Their DrawbacksB. A Centralized and Concentrated SocietyC. The Power of Trade Unions in BritainD. The Structure of British Trade Unions(16)回答{TSE}题One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is thatHarvard University，the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States，is UOW engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be，and whether it is measuring up(符合标准)．Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions，it is asking--still in private rather than in public--whether itspast assumptions about faculty，authority，admissions，courses of study，are really relevant to the problems of our society．Should Harvard or any other university—be an intellectualsanctuary，apart from the political and social revolution of the age，or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with thesepolitical and social revolutions；or even an engine ofthe revolution This is what is being discussed privately in the bigclapboard(楔形板)houses of faculty members around theHarvard Yard．The issue was defined by Walter Lippmann，a distinguished Harvard graduate，many years ago．“If the universities are todo their work，”he said，“they must be independent and they mustbe disinterested…They are places to which men can turn for unbiased judgments．Obviously，the moment the universities fallunder political control，or under the control of privateinterests，or the moment they themselves take a hand inpolitics and the leadership of government，their valueas independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired…”This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today．Another part is the argument ofthe militant and even many moderated students：that auniversity is the keeper of our ideals and morals，andshould not be“disinterested”but activist in bringingthe Nation’s ideals and actions together．Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure aboutpersonal，political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning．They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolvetheir problems，but they are struggling with themprivately，and how they come out is bound to influenceAmerican university and political life in the 21st century．{TS}A "paradox"(Line 1, Paragraph 1) is __________.A. an unusual situationB. a difficult puzzleC. a parenthetical expressionD. a self-contradiction(17)The word "sanctuary" in paragraph 3 refers to__________.A. a holy place dedicated to a. certain godB. a temple or nunnery of the middle ageC. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsD. an academy for intelligent people(18)The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether theuniversities should remain independent of our society and its problems, andwhether they should __________.A. fight off militarismB. exert greater influence upon the young generationC. take an active part in solving the society's illsD. reconsider the structure of institutes and departments(19)In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the authorbelieves that Harvard men are becomingA. more sure about themB. less sure about themC. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answerD. less interested in them(20)In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at HarvardA. will influence the future of AmericaB. will soon be over, because times are bound to changeC. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsD. is a sad symbol of our general bewildermentPartIV Cloze（15 minutes）(1)回答{TSE}题Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Language is the most astonishingbehavior in the animal kingdom. It is the species-typical behavior that setshumans completely 67 from all other animals. Language is a means ofcommunication, 68 it is much more than that. Many animals can 69.The dance of the honeybee communicates the location of flowers 70 othermembers of the hive (蜂群). But human languagepermits communication about anything, 71 things like unicorns (独角兽) that have never existed. The key 72 in the fact that theunits of meaning, words, can be 73 together in different ways, accordingto 74 , to communicate different nguage is the most important learning we do. Nothing 75 humans so much as our ability to communicate abstractthoughts, 76 about the universe, the mind, love, dreams,or ordering a drink. It is an immensely complex 77 that we take for granted. Indeed, we are notaware of most 78 of our speech and understanding. Consider whathappens when one person is speaking to 79 The speaker has to translate thoughts into 80 language. Brain imaging studies suggest thatthe time from thoughts to the 81 ofspeech is extremely fast, only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the soundsto 82 out what the speaker means. He must use thesounds of speech to 83 the words spoken, understand the pattern of 84 of the words (sentences), and finally 85 the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, aminimum of about 0.5 seconds. But 86 started, it is of course a continuous process.{TS}A．apartA. offB. upC. down(2)A. soB. butC. orD. for(3)A. transferB. transmitC. conveyD. communicate(4)A. toB. fromC. overD. on(5)A. onlyB. almostC. evenD. just(6)A. staysB. situatesC. hidesD. lies(7)A. stuckB. strungC. rungD. consisted(8)A. rulesB. scalesC. lawsD. standards(9)A. combinesB. containsC. definesD. declares(10)A. whatB. whetherC. whileD. if(11)A. prospectB. progressC. processD. produce(12)A. aspectsB. abstractsC. anglesD. assumptions(13)A. anybodyB. anotherC. otherD. everybody(14)A. bodyB. gestureC. writtenD. spoken(15)A. growingB. fixingC. beginningD. building(16)A. putB. takeC. drawD. figure(17)A. identifyB. locateC. revealD. discover(18)A. performanceB. organizationC. designD. layout(19)A. prescribeB. justifyC. utterD. interpret(20)A. sinceB. afterC. onceD. untilPart V Translation （5 minutes）(1)____________________(我刚刚打开电脑)than the power was off．(2)Had ____________________(如果你早点告诉我她已经回美国了)，1 wouldnot have taken all the trouble paying her a visit．(3)Finally he admitted that. (他入不敷出)．(4)____________________ (看似荒唐)，the tale is true．(5)All the experiments____________________ (已经提前完成)，they decided to take iteasy for a while．答案和解析Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1) :[范文]The Traffic JamThe traffic jam is a serious problem in big cities. During therush hours, traffic may sometimes be held up for as long as more than an hour.Students are late for classes; workers of every walk of life are late for work;and travelers miss their trains or flights. The inconvenience caused by trafficjams is so much that everyone agrees something must be done about it.First, we must find out the cause of the problem. Most peopleblame it on the increasing numbers of cars.Yet this is only one factor. Another reason is the relativelyunder-developed infrastructure construction, namely,the lack of wide roads,streets and highways. Furthermore, people's weak sense of traffic regulationsmay result in more road accidents that in turn add to the seriousness oftraffic jams.To solve the problem, stiffer punishment for breaking trafficrules is necessary. Besides, a long-term planning of road construction must betaken into consideration. Still another solution will be the advocacy of publictransports and car-pool, an effective means to increase the transport capacityduring rush hours.【译文】交通拥堵交通拥堵是大城市所面临的一个严重问题。

2013年6月英语四级真题及答案

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。

Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information givenin the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of tradit ional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re he with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially whendollarsyou factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds ofevery semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom,basically stuck with aessentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’refour pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many ofmirage（幻影）in the distance,these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like amore like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all yourtextbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books.Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at theUniversity of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooksjust last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalp who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They werenwrite in it. So a third of the peopleit as a source of communication because they couldn’t read orin my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops andthe last third were using paper and pencil.”　of e-edition textbooks The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionalityis incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released anover 50 undergraduate and graduate classroomsupdated version last week, and it’ll be utilized inthis coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digitaltextbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”　He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the groundup, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as askeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view itshe says,various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,”　“We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”　Next he pulls up a music c omposition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learningclear why this would beexperience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’ssomething a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how itworks!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights andnotes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to helpimprove your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where thin get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users,that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook tocome across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebookfriends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorteddemocratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with thebest and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answerthe questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well.Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able topurchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing aslittle as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you cantell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions aregiving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite sometime. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen,and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now,that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooksnotation system because one can_____.6. The author is most excited about lnkling’sA) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which isthe best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.juice.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orangeC) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.D) She has almost recovered from the cough.C) She does not trust the man’s advice.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.y special attention.B) It usually doesn’t require anC) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you havejust heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, anational survey showed that (45) ____________________________________________________________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________________________________________________________________.Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physicalactivity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,51 recovery days between sessions. Finally, flexibility and balance training are52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do wheneveryou stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneA) allowingF) helping K) prevent B) avoidableG) increasingly L) principle C) brieflyH) lowest M) provoke D) componentI) maintain N) seriously E) determined J) maximum O) topicQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’redoing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take alesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s dis “Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously andrationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information andmore access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assu me people make “In contrast,”　rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — ofwhich immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”　behavior with food and alcohol and results of The research references studies of people’salcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising ifapplied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These makealcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash-through facilities. Atregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drivesupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals forjunk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.-consumption.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography anddominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.that explanation Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,”　doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak inventedthe first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its newdiscovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent alot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult timeswitching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the newbusinesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them.Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the companycommanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which underminedKodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid wentinstead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep,a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’ｔ74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from i nability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze （小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’ｔ81 being able to fall asleep at night.or too chilly. 82 snapping Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm。

2013年06月大学英语四级真题含答案

2013年6月大学英语四级考试试题Part Writing (30 minute)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)HighwayA government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict, centric controlled desert criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic, features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative, designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of American.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida ,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr. baker in Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, our engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cultural programs health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck. And most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: "Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts."1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geograp hical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.7. Services stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________10.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A)The girls got on well with each other. B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.C)She was angry with the other young stars. D)The girls lacked the courage to fight.12. A)The woman does her own housework. B)The woman needs a housekeeper.C)The woman's house is in a mess. D)The woman works as a housekeeper.13. A)The Edwards are quite well-off.B)The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C)It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D)It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.14.A)The woman didn't except it to be so warm at noon. B)The woman is sensitive to weather changes.C)The weather forecast was unreliable D)The weather turned cold all of a sudden.15. A)At a clinic. B)At a restaurant. C)In a supermarket. D)In an ice cream shop.16. A)The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.B)The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.C)The woman started working at an early age to support her family .D)The man doesn’t think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.17. A)The man has never seen the woman before. B)The two speakers work for the same company.C)The two speakers work in the same floor. D)The woman is interested in market research.18. A)The woman can't tolerate any noise. B)The man is looking foe an apartment.C)The man has missed his appointment. D)the woman is going to take a train trip.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)To make a business report to the woman . B)To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C)To resign from his position in the woman's company. D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.20. A)He is head of a small trading company. B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company. D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.21. A)The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B)Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities.C)Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience.22. A)She's worried about the seminar. B)The man keeps interrupting her.C)She finds it too hard. D)She lacks interest in it.23. A)The lecturers are boring. B)The course is poorly designed.C)She prefers Philosophy to English. D)She enjoys literature more.24. A)Karen's friend. B)Karen's parents. C)Karen's lecturers. D)Karen's herself.25. A)Changing her major. B)Spending less of her parents' money.C)Getting transferred to the English Department. D)Leaving the university.Section BPassage One Question 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. B) Burn the body. C) Bury the dead near a church. D)buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land. B)To see whether they have decayed.C)To follow the Greek religious practice. D)To move them to a multi-Storey28. A)They should be buried lying down . B)They should be buried standing up.C)They should be buried after being washed. D)They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A)Burning dead bodies to ashes. B)Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C)Placing dead bodies in a bone room. D)Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage Two Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A)Many foreign tourist visit the Unite States every year. B)Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C)The United States is a country of immigrants. D)Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A)They can make friends with people from other countries.B)They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C)They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D)They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A)The couple cook the dishes and the children help them .B)The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the address.C)The mother does the cooking while the famepand children within the guests.D)A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard .33. A)He took them to watch a basketball game. B)He trained them to play European football.C)He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket. D)He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A)The players found the basket too high to teach. B)The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C)The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules. D)The players soon found the game boring.35. A)By removing the bottom of the basket. B)By lowering the position of the basket.C)By simplifying the complex rules. D)By altering the size Of the basket.Section CF or American time is money. They say, “you only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The(36)__________without be better than the past or present. As American are (37)__________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity, Thus American(38)__________a "well-organized" person is punctual and is(40)__________of other people's time. They do not (41)__________people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(42)__________beneficial outcome.The American attitude toward time is not (43)__________shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They aremore likely to regard time as (44)__________.One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In the contest (45)__________.McDonald’s, KFC, and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants(46)__________, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.Part IV reading comprehension(reading in depth)Section AEI Nino is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange ___47_____happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____48____,the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American ____50____floods to Peru. In the West pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and____51____.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most___52____weather in modern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____53___of damage. The 1990 EI Nino will ____55___,but they are still not __56___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A)estimate B)strength C)deliberately D)notify E)tropical F)phenomenon G)stable H)attractionI)completely J)destructive K)starvation L)bringing M)exhaustion N)worth O)strikeSection BPassage OneCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt(困扰)you appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, Mew York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation foe each medium .He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages,27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His resolves to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time in a instant message or phone call say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He fond many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?"Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.57.Hancock's study focuses on ____________.A)the consequences of lying in various communications’ media.B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas.C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages.D)people 's honesty levels across a range of communications media.58.Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that________________.A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions.C)people are most likely to lie in email communication D)People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations.59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)They tend to be relaxed when using those media. D)They are most practiced at those forms of communication.60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because____________.A)Salesmen can talk directly to their customers. B)Salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.C)Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy. D)Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.61. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.A)Honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC)suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.Passage TwoIn a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland security ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South American .Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to blank mall(讹诈)by terrorists Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you’re disposable Ther e are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely .Ana Castro, a ,mana ger at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)。

2013年四级模拟试卷及答案

大学四级模拟Part ⅠWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On lnternet Rumors. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.最近网络上的谣言比较多2.这种现象可有造成危害3.解决这一问题的办法On Internet RumorsPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-20, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Community College SqueezeEighteen-year-old Jenna Tibbitts has a near-perfect GPA(Grade Point Average), and her parents can afford to send her to the four-year university of her choice. But the New Jersey senior is opting instead to attend nearby Atlantic Cape Community College on a scholarship for two years before transferring to a four-year school so that she can reduce the overall cost of her education. "It just makes more sense," Tibbitts says.Similarly, Sarah Tibbling, 18, an honor student from Vernon, N.J., plans to attend Sussex County Community College next fall,a move she sees as a stepping-stone on the way to getting her degree at a four-year institution. "Community college is more popular with students these days," she says, and that's reduced some of the negative stigma (污名)." It's no longer considered a place for lower-level students."Like Tibbling and Tibbitts, high-achieving high-school graduates nationwide are increasingly putting four-year institutions on hold and enrolling at community colleges for part of their education. According to a survey from the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, nearly one-fifth of private colleges and universities reported a smaller than anticipated freshman class this fall. At the same time, the American Association of Community Colleges reports that community-college enrollment rose 8 to 10 percent. That's not unexpected--community-college enrollment usually climbs during a down economy as newly unemployed workers look to get additional training. But normally, the age of the average student rises, whereas this time around, the average age on campus has remained low because there are so many more traditional-aged students, say administrators. "The segment of fresh high-school graduates is growing fast," says Anson Smith, public relations coordinator for Housatonic Community College in Bridgeport, Conn.Community-college administrators are thrilled to attract top performers,but they also worry that the influx (涌进) of students who can afford other options is squeezing out the disadvantaged students such schools were built to serve. Most community colleges have open admission--no SAT(Scholastic Aptitude Test)or GPA required--but classroom slots fill up on a rolling basis. "Unfortunately for students who can't make plans in advance, they will get to the doors and find out there is no room," says Northern Virginia Community College President Robert Templin. Many students typically register for classes later on because they're unprepared to navigate the system, he says, and they're often first-generation college students or coming from underperforming high schools. While administrators like Templin have made efforts to reach out to less-advantaged students earlier in high school,he says it's difficult to offer individualized support to a burgeoning (生机勃勃的) prospective student population. "Many community-colleges administrators are very fearful that middle class students will come and squeeze out poorer and moderate-income students," he says.At most schools, the pressure is mounting. Community-college enrollment spiked this fall, but the schools were already experiencing a trend of increased enrollment. From 2000 to 2006, enrollment grew 10 percent, according to the most recent data from the National Center for Education Statistics. George Boggs, president of the American Association of Community Colleges, attributes the growth to changes in the general perception of community colleges. "Our reputation has continued to improve," he says. According to a 2008 report from the Department of Education, the proportion of high-school seniors with high standardized-test scores and strong overall qualifications enrolling in community colleges has grown since 1992.The report also found that two-thirds of students who apply to community colleges intend to go on to earn a four- year degree at another institution. Still, some college counselors remain wary about advising high-performing students to take this route. "The community college may not be a good academic fit for all students," says Bob Bardwell, a guidance counselor in Monson,Mass. "Some complain it's not challengingenough." Furthermore, he adds, students often find it's not as easy to transfer into the four-year schools they want as they might have thought.But just when their profile is improving and demand is climbing, community colleges are seeing their resources disappear. The struggling economy has prompted state and local government, the main revenue source for most community colleges, to cut back on budgets, which means freezing new hires and slashing class sections. "The funding gets cut at the worst possible time," says Boggs. According to a 2007 survey conducted by the National Council of State Directors of Community Colleges, 16 states reported that they lacked the capacity to meet the projected community- college needs of high-school graduates in their states. Leo Chavez, president of Sierra College in Rocklin, Calif., is bracing for further budget cuts, though he already had to turn away many prospective students this fall. "We have students coming to us in droves," he says."It's really a crisis. Applications are rising dramatically and, at the same time, we are reducing what we can offer."As is the case nationwide, in California, applications are already pouring in for the fall 2009 semester; the state's Community College League estimates that up to 250,000 students will have to be turned away. Simone The lemaque, 24, of Palo Alto,Calif. ,knows that frustration firsthand. She worked as a waitress to save enough money for classes at nearby Foothill College. But when she went to register in July, two months before the start of the semester, she was already too late. Her math and English classes were already at capacity. "It's really discouraging," she says. Unlike some other students,she can't afford to take classes anywhere else. But Thelemaque hasn't given up. She's hoping to get the classes this upcoming semester and if she can't, she'll try again next year. She's determined to get a college degree, because it's what she needs to get her dream job:she wants to be a teacher.1.Why does Jenna Tibbitts choose to attend Atlantic Cape Community College first instead of the four-year university'?A) She has a near-perfect GPA. B) Her parents are worried about her safety.C) She wants to reduce the cost. D) She is not ready to go to university.2.What does Sarah Tibbling say about community college?A) It's just a stepping-stone to society.B) It's more popular than a four-year institution.C) It's the only way to getting a higher degree.D) It was once considered a place for poor-achieving students. 3.What did the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities find about some private colleges and universities?A) Their enrollments decrease. B) Their enrollments climb up.C) Their students' average age rises. D) Their students' average age remains low.4.Why has the average age on community college campus remained low this year?A) There are fewer unemployed workers.B) The recession drives people to get training early.C) There are more fresh high-school graduates.D) There are fewer adult students for additional training.5.The original purpose of community colleges was to serve______.A) the underperforming students B) the top graduatesC) the students from poor families D) the middle-class students6.According to George Boggs, what has contributed to the increasing enrollments of community colleges?A) The improved reputation of the community colleges.B) The rapid growth of the economy.C) The high standardized-test scores of students.D) The increased number of fresh high-school graduates.7.What do some students complain about community college according to Bob Bardwell?A) Its tuition fee is too high to be afforded.B) Its courses are targeted at high-performing students.C) Its facilities are not enough for everyone.D) Its courses are not challenging enough.8.According to Leo Chavez, due to budget cuts, his community college has to turn down many______.9.Simone Thelemaque failed in applying for Foothill College because she was______for registration.10.Before Simone Thelemaque could get her dream job,she has to get______.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre .You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Species can respond to global warming in two ways: adapt and survive, or die. Biologists foresee climate change driving many species to (47) over the next century,especially those that are unable to adjust (48) enough. Plants and animals evolved to (49) in specific ecological environment, and while some may adapt to new environments--and many have already--for many others, it will take time. But the changes driven by human-generated greenhouse gases may be coming on too fast.That's exactly what appears to be happening with the worldwide lizard (蜥蜴) population. A few years ago, a team of herpetologists (爬虫学家) first noticed a suspicious pattern of extinctions among populations of European lizards. At the time,it wasn't (50) why they were dying--it could have been global warming,but it also could have been disease or loss of habitat. So researchers set out to get the hard evidence, ultimately launching a global study that (51) drew in more than two dozen scientists from around the world.The results,appearing in the May 14 issue of Science, are (52) :populations of lizards have been lost on five continents over the past few decades, and based on these extinction patterns--and the current (53) of global warming--scientists (54) that by 2080 nearly 40% of all lizard populations and 20% of lizard species could vanish. Given that lizards are a key (55) of food for many birds, snakes and other animals, and are important predators of insects,the (56) of these animals could have major influence up and down the food chain.A) clear I) predictB) distinguish J) disappearanceC) extinction K) expectD) vividly L) surviveE) eventually M) sourceF) believable N) dramaticG) rapidly O) rateH) originSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One"Do you know what the most complex mass of protoplasm (原生质) on earth is?"Marian Diamond asks her students on the first day of anatomy class as she casually opens a flowery hatbox and lifts out a preserved human brain. "This mass only weighs 3 lb., and yet it has the capacity to conceive of a universe a billion light-years across. Isn't that marvelous?"Diamond is an esteemed neuroanatomist (神经解剖学家) and one of the most admired professors at the University of California, Berkeley. It would be a privilege for anyone to sit in on her lectures. And, in fact, anyone can. Videos of her popular course are available free online, part of a growing movement by academic institutions worldwide to open their once exclusive halls to all who want to peek inside. In March,YouTube launched an education hub called YouTube Edu, dedicated exclusively to videos from the more than 100 schools--ranging from Grand Rapids Community College to Harvard Business School--that have set up official channels on the site. Liberated from the stew of pop-culture vlogs (视频博客) and silly cat videos, the collection highlights how much free education is out there.The bigger question is, why have colleges started posting all this stuff at no charge? "Schools have always wanted to have their own area where they could be among their peer institutions and help with the discovery of their content," says Obadiah Greenberg,who leads the project at YouTube.The volume of YouTube Edu's content, which includes campus tours and other nonacademic material, can be overwhelming, but the view-count sorting feature helps users quickly locate must-see videos, which they can comment on and rate on a five-star scale.There is clearly a big appetite for all kinds of online lectures. But one of the most interesting consequences of open courseware may be its impact on teachers,who have a new way to get feedback--and exposure."It used to be that research was No. 1. Now people are working harder to be better teachers," Diamond says. Sifting through e-mails, the 82-year-old professor reads overmessages she's saved from students and teachers who watched her lectures from as far away as England and Egypt. "At this time of life, when everybody else is retiring and stepping aside, thinking they've done it all, you're getting this worldwide connection. It's beautiful."57. Why can anyone have the privilege to listen to Diamond's lecture?A) Everyone can have the opportunity to tour around the campus.B) Her university opens its door to all who want to study there.C) Videos of her courses are now available to people online.D) She has been touring around the world to give lectures.58. What do we know about YouTube Edu?A) It is aimed to open lectures to all who want to have a look.B) It helps many schools to set up official channels online.C) Viewers can comment on the videos of courses on the site.D) It is a collection of pop-culture vlogs and fun videos.59.According to Greenberg,colleges post the courses online for free to______.A) claim its status in a particular area B) attract potential studentsC) follow the innovation in education D) share their intellectual property60.According to the passage, how could students find the most popular videos quickly in YouTube Edu?A) By entering the title of the video. B) By referring to the view-count sorting.C) By reading the viewers' comments. D) By using an open courseware.61.What is the positive influence the online video courses have on teachers?A) They can pay more attention to research.B) They can know better about students' responses.C) They can delay their retiring time.D) They can connect worldwide teachers together.Passage TwoAdmit it: at some point in your life, you've been completely obsessed. Obsessed with a particular project perhaps, or a great author,or that hot senior who smiled at you once when you were a freshman. Obsession is common and typically harmless, often a powerful motivator and a source of artistic inspiration. Yet its extremes are also feared and criticized, because they form the foundation for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a disease that has apparently exploded in prevalence in recent decades. How exactly can we reconcile two conflicting notions of the same phenomenon?Perhaps we can't--but we can gain some insight by taking a closer look at society's complex history with obsession, Lennard J. Davis assumes in his new book. Since the 18th century our understanding of obsession has evolved from believing it to be an incurable "madness", thought to afflict a small number of people who were typically poor, to a potentially curable disease afflicting many, including the upper classes.Mental illnesses such as OCD and depression (or at least the tendencies toward them)have practically become a hallmark of passion. This association could partially explain why such illnesses are now so commonly diagnosed, Davis maintains since 1970 diagnoses of OCD have increased at least 40-fold.Davis's book also provides biographies of famous artists and psychiatrists with obsessive tendencies. Those who have a purely scientific interest in OCD, however, may find themselves a little bored at times. However, Davis makes several interesting points. For one thing, he says, the difference between OCD and healthy obsession may simply be self- perception. People with OCD feel they are abnormal and wish they could change; obsessive people who do not have OCD--including people with "obsessive-compulsive personality", considered by psychiatrists to be normal--feel just fine.Considering the close relation between OCD and "healthy obsessions" ,Davis argues that we tend to draw too strong a line between the healthy and the pathological (病态的). Many people have careers that require repetitive-almost obsessive—attention,and most of us take notice of warnings to take careful precautions in our daily routines to stay healthy and protect ourselves. "We suffer from many requirements of modern life that make us focus on one thing, or many single things," Davis writes. OCD, he explains, is simply a subcategory (子范畴) of what we all do every single day.62. How does the author understand obsession?A) It is a popular project that improves people's feeling.B) It is a h~rmless thing that motivates and inspires people.C) It is a kind of mental illness which is fearful and prevalent.D) It is a symptom that will certainly develop into OCD.63.What is Lennard J. Davis's opinion towards the reconciliation of the two notions?A) People are definitely unable to reconcile the two notions.B) People today have to look at the OCD closely.C) It's not difficult to reconcile the two notions.D) People can comprehend them through history observation.64.How do people's views about obsession evolve?A) People nowadays believe obsessions may be generally curable.B) People in the past believed it was madness carried by all classes.C) People in the past believed it was an incurable physical disease.D) People nowadays believe only upper class carry the disease.65.What may be the difference between obsessive people and people with OCD according to Davis?A) People with OCD behave abnormally but think they are normal.B) The two kinds of people just have different self-perceptions.C) People with OCD have obsessive-compulsive personality.D) Obsessive people think they are better than people with OCD.66. What attitude to OCD and healthy obsession should people take in life?A) People should draw a line between OCD and healthy obsession.B) People would better take careful measures to fight OCD.C) People should not make a fuss of obsession.D) People with careers requiring obsessive attention should worry about themselves.Part ⅤClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.There is not much new about people's doubts about organic food. Many are beginning to believe that organic food is not all that it is cracked up to be and they (67) having to pay a premium for it. The British have always (68) price to quality when it comes (69) food, and with no new scandal to (70)our fears and minds,we have reverted (恢复, 重提) to type.The organic movement itself has not helped matters much. There is such an absurd proliferation (增值,繁茂) of (71)licensed to declare products as organic, each with differing (72) for what constitutes organic.There will always be a very small sector of the market which will buy organic products on an ethical (73) , and another which remains convinced by the health arguments,(74)these remain tiny in (75) to the food market as a whole. The conversion of the mass market to the organic way depended on either a) continuing food scares~or b) strongly 76 benefits (77) quality and flavor if it was to ride over the (78) British obsession with price.Well,we have run out of food scares for the time being, and the trouble is that the qualitative differences between organic and non-organic foods are not (79)obvious. There were, are, some splendid products, but far too many were badly (80) , (81) made or simply (82) . The differential in price is not (83) by a visible improvement 84 quality.In the end, (85) ,whether or not the organic sector (86) or fades will not depend on public demand or public skepticism. It will depend on what the supermarkets decide to sell us.67. A) like B) resent C) resemble D) reside68. A) preferred B) liked C) increased D) chose69. A) in B) with C) about D) to70. A) inspire B) attack C) focus D) prevent71. A) parties B) ambitions C) bodies D) foreigners72. A) criteria B) criticism C) creativity D) crafts73. A) range B) dependence C) basement D) basis74. A) for B) but C) so D) or75. A) interest B) benefit C) relation D) extreme76. A) recognized B) judged C) approved D) perceived77. A) in view of B) in terms of C) thanks to D) reliable to78. A) traditional B) radical C) historic D) ordinary79. A) hardly B) scarcely C) readily D) clearly80. A) cooked B) conceived C) eaten D) sold81. A) well B) perfectly C) badly D) wisely82. A) unsatisfied B) terrific C) dreary D) upset83. A) matched B) compared C) replaced D) balanced84. A) about B) at C) under D) in85. A) furthermore B) however C) in addition D) consequently86 A) disappears B) enriches C) flourishes D) perishesPart ⅥTranslationDirections: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese givenin brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. ______(如果这种动物灭绝了) ,our future generation would not even have a chance to see it.88. ______(就个人能力而言) ,he is competent for the work.89. Anyone______(犯罪)can not escape being punished.90. My parents always educated me to ______(预留一些钱以备急用).91. ______(在三个月内掌握一门外语)is not an easy thing,but he made it.。

2013年6月份大学英语四级作文预测题目

2013年6月份大学英语四级作文预测题目2013年6月份大学英语四级作文预测题目1.Should We Help Strangers?1.有人认为帮助陌生人是一种美德;2.有人却认为帮助陌生人会给自己带来麻烦和危险;3.我认为……【范文】Helping strangers has always been considered as a treasured virtue of mankind. We need help from others throughout our life, whenever we travel to other places or stay at home. On the other hand, helping others can make us happy. We feel great joy when we are trusted, needed and able to give a hand.However, some people are cautious when it comes to helping strangers. They say that helping others involves risks of getting hurt or cheated. Lending a hand to a stranger often puts us in a vulnerable position for it means trusting someone we do not even know. Moreover, there are times when we have physical limitations. For instance, we can’t swi m but a girl is drowning, what should we do? If we are blind to that limitation, giving a hand would conversely take our life.In my opinion, we should still offer what we can do to help those needed strangers. Meanwhile, we should beware of getting cheated and use our common sense to tell whether the strangers are real needed people or just professional cheats. Detecting anything unusual, we should defend ourselves or turn to the police.2.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers1.现在许多人越来越依赖电脑;2.过分依赖电脑会带来很多问题;3.我的看法【范文1】Do we rely too much on computers? Yes, we do. Almost everything we do and every aspect of our life is affected by modern technology with computers above all. We use computers in business, public services, education and entertainment.However, over-reliance on computer may give rise to some problems. One is that people are more likely to make spelling mistakes when they have to handwrite something. Another is that people are so dependent on computers that they have lost the ability to think for themselv es. If “the computer says XYZ”, then XYZ must be true. If you want to make yourself an idiot, just tell him “that is what the computer said”.In my opinion, computers make our lives easier but we should never rely on them completely. These machines should be used as tool to aid work rather than the only tool. Otherwise, chaos can occur when suddenly our computers crash or what is worse, refuse to take our orders. Talent Show1.有人赞成电视选秀节目2.有人则反对3.我的观点【范文1】Over the past couple of years, a variety of talent shows have emerged on TV channel across our nation, from Happy Girls to Super Boys and so forth. This type of entertainment programs is intensely popular, especially among youngsters. It has produces profound impacts on their studies and life. They believe that the TV talent show can change their fate. At least, they say, the program offers the opportunity to show and develop one’s talents.On the contrary, a number of people hold negative attitude to TV talent shows. They maintain that The TV talent show today is like a fiver that has risen to its flood level. It misleads the youth and makes them believe that they can make a fortune or become famous overnight. As a result, a great many students can’t calm down to study during the show’s season.For my part, I believe that the TV talent show is like a double-edged sword and it is important for us to face it properly. For one thing, the TV studios are supposed to offer more stimulating and favorable shows. For another, the media ought to give people proper guidance and refrain from exaggerating the effects of the show.4.Killing Time Indoors1.现在很多人业余时间喜欢“宅”在家里2.人们对这种做法有不同的看法3.我的看法【范文】Nowadays a growing number of people, especially the 20s or 30s, tend to stay indoors for most of their spare time, especially during holidays. Some spend the majority of their time online chatting, blogging, shopping, dating or playing computer games. Some sit with their eyes glued to the television screen, day and night.People’s opinions vary when it comes to this ways of killin g time. A great number of people maintain that staying indoors is cheaper, comfortable, and most importantly, very safe. Others, however, frown upon staying indoors for too long. They are worried that lack of physical exercise and face-to-face communicatio n with others will do harm to people’s body and mind.Personally, I don’t think staying indoors for most of the day should be advocated. Instead, people in all ages, with their physical conditions permitting, should be encouraged to spend more time outdoors. The fresh air, the brilliant sunshine, the pleasant green space, the interactions with other people, etc. are all good for people’s health, both physically and psychologically.5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library1.现在有不少人在图书馆的阅览区里使用手机2.这一现象可能带来的影响3.我的看法【范文】As the number of students who have mobile phones increases, variousproblems also rise, along with its popularity. One of the problems that have aroused students’ attention is the use of mobile phone in the reading room of library. And this phenomenon has become so common that you can always see someone using mobile phone whenever you go into the library.There is no doubt that this behavior will have no good effect. On the one hand, students who use it can not concentrate on their own studies when they constantly send or receive messages. On the other hand, with the ringing of the phones and people’s talking over the phone, students around them may be distracted from their reading as well.Therefore, the proper way of using mobile phones in the library must be emphasized. First of all, whenever you enter the library, turn your mobile phone into the mode of silence or vibration so as to avoid the disturbance of other students. Second, if you do need to make a call or send or receive messages, you’d better go out of the reading room or at least try to reduce the volume of your sound and your phone’s sound.6. My Opinion on Micro-blog1．目前越来越多人开起了“微博”2．“微博”会带来一些问题3.我的看法【范文】With the improvement of micro-blog services and the influence of some “star blogge rs”, most of whom are celebrities, micro-blog is becoming an important way for people to express themselves and communicate with others. Now, more and more people start to use micro-blog services.However, micro-blog might give rise to some problems as well. Some bloggers would express their thoughts and ideas by writing them down in the micro-blogs rather than communicate with their friends or family members. Day by day, blogs tend to draw people away from real life. What’s worse, lack of face-to-face communication with others might isolate bloggers from the society, which would do harm to their mental health.In my view, micro-blog is a good platform for people to show their personal experiences and communicate with others. However, micro-bloggers should adjust the item and avoid spending the whole day on blogging. After all, sitting in front of the cold screen of computer for long does no good to their health, physically and mentally.7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons1.现在明星为产品代言的现象很普遍2. 明星代言存在的一些问题2.我的看法【范文】In the contemporary society, it is very common for celebrities, or the so-called superstars to be spokesperson for a wide variety of products. On the Internet, television, newspapers, magazines and even on the walls of some buildings, you may find celebrities in the advertising posters.There are some problems existing in celebrities’ endorsing products. In the first place, some stars may know nothing about the products but still accept the invitation as their spokesperson. To these stars, “Look before leap” is just a saying. In the second place, for the sake of money, some stars advertise for items with low quality, even for fake commodities. They never care about consumers’ interests.In my view, as spokespersons, celebrities represent the products. They should understand that the products they are endorsing concern their images and consumers’ interests. Therefore, before endorsing products, they should learn about the products as much as possible. Only by doing so, can they be trusted by their fans and protect the legal rights of general public.8.Spam Message1.目前垃圾短信泛滥2.这种现象产生的原因3.如何解决这个问题【范文】With the increasing use of cell phones, spam messages have become a heated issue. According to a survey, on average, people receive about 40 pieces of spam message per month. Spam messages may disturb, confuse, or even threaten people at any time.Generally, there are two reasons for the spam epidemic. On the one hand, due to the fact that text message is a comparatively cheap channel. Many companies take advantage of it to advertise their products or services. Whether people are willing to receive the message is neglected. On the other hand, operators, holding lots of information on cell phone users, sell the importance information and make money out of it.To solve the problem of spam message, relative authorities and professionals should make joint efforts. The government should set up laws to severely punish the illegal advertisers and those who disclose users’ information. Cell phone researchers and developers should upgrade the products and enable them to delete the spam automatically. Should people act together, they will be free from the spam message.9. Internet Slang1）近年来，网络语言在青少年中很流行；2.人们对这一现象的看法不同；3.我的看法是……【范文】Internet slang such as CU (see you) and 3X (thanks), enjoy great popularity among teenagers nowadays. In fact, it has become so popular that many items now cross from computer-mediated communication to face-to-face communication. Some teenagers even use them in spoken communication as well as in essay writing.People have different opinions towards this phenomenon. Some people saythat the crossover is a brand new variety of language evolving and will enrich the language. But others disagree, saying that these new words, being short form for the existing, long-used phrase, don’t “enrich” anything; they just shorten it. Furthermore, even if the slang such as CU and 3X and becomes common in spoken English, their total effect on language will be trivial.In my opinion, Internet slang has little effect on language in general, but will greatly influence individuals, especially teenagers’ language development. It is because overuse of Internet slang will lead to their poor writing, being lacks in spellings, grammar and proper punctuations. That will drastically reduce chances of employment after they graduate and seek jobs. So, for the sake of their future, teenagers had better refrain from Internet slang.10. How to Relieve Stress1.现代人面临着各种压力2.人们减压的方法各异3.我的减压方法是…...【范文1】In today’s fast-paced world and with the booming economy, stress is our constant companion. We may face stress from our jobs, families, peers, etc. Though stress adds flavor and challenge to life, too much stress can seriously affect people’s physical and mental well-being, so it is necessary to handle stress properly.When it comes to reducing stress, people vary in their ways. Some people talk with someone, perhaps a friend or a family member, about their anxieties and worries. Others allow themselves a mental “get-away”: a q uiet country scene painted mentally can divert them from the tension of a stressful situation to a more relaxing frame of mind. There are also people who create a sense of peace by reading a good book.The effective way to relieve stress for me is different from those mentioned above. I have several relaxation techniques. For examples, when stress occurs, I would take a deep breath and exhale and if possible, I would take a warm bath. They prove to be very helpful. They help me to calm down my mind and improve my response.11. Is Military Training Necessary Now?1.有人认为现在的大学生军训没必要2.有人则认为有必要3.我认为……【范文1】Whether military training is still necessary for freshmen has become a heated topic in China recently. Some people maintain that it is not and should be canceled. For one thing, military training is nothing but kind of torture, causing horrible sudden death time and again. For another, the training seems ineffective since most students resume their idling lifestyles at the end of the training.However, other peo ple believe that military training is a must for today’s spoiled youth. First of all, it makes them more likely to persistinstead of escaping in face of hardships. Second, the self-discipline and teamwork spirit students develop are invisibly valuable wealth for their future. Last but not least, it provides a good chance for students to learn more on military and broaden their horizons.Generally, I agree with those advocating for military training. However, I insist that some training programs should be modified or carried out carefully. For example, when trainees have to stand for hours in the hot sun, trainers and teachers should watch closely their physical conditions to prevent the tragedy of sudden death from happening.12. Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble?1. 有人遇到困难时向同学、朋友求助2.有人则向老师、家长求助3.以你自己为例……【范文】Just as the saying goes: life is not all roses, all of use will need someone else’s help to deal with problems that we may encounter in our life. Here comes the question: whom will you turn to for help? Some say they will ask their classmates or friends for help, because they are peers, thus they can understand each other easily.However, others have different choices when in trouble. They are inclined to tell their teachers and parents the difficulties they are faced with. In their opinion, teachers and parents, who are much older than them, can give them a hand with their rich experience.As for me, close friends are always the people who come to my mind firstly when I am intrigued by something that can not be solved by myself. If we can not figure out a solution by our joint effort, I will go to my teachers or parents for help. With their suggestions or instructions, I can finally find the best way to cope with my troubles.13 On Self-employment of College Graduates1. 政府加大了鼓励大学毕业生自主创业的力度；2. 产生这一现象的原因；3. 我的看法是……【范文】Nowadays many college graduates set up their own companies with the fund from the government, which is part of the plans to help graduates to get employed. If graduates can put forward a creative and original plan, they will get the financial aid from the government. Our government is paying increasing attention to this program.There are many reasons responsible for this program. It is intended to stimulate college graduat es’ creativity and relieve their pressure of employment. First, there has been an expansion in universities and colleges. As a result, the rate of unemployment is on the rise in recent years because of the competitivejob market. Second, some graduate employees are not satisfied with their present jobs and their enthusiasm for work has been frustrated, so they can’t exhaust their potentials. Third, some brilliant and ambitious graduates are confronted with a shortage of start-up capital, so they find it hard to apply what they learn to practice, no matter how good their idea sounds.As far as I’m concerned, the program will not only offer opportunities to graduates but also bring back their confidence in themselves and in the future. An increasing number of graduates will benefit from this program. What is more, the development of each graduate will surely promote the development of the whole society in the long run.14.Text Messages on TV Shows1目前各类电视节目广泛使用短信参与方式2.人们对此有不同的看法3.我认为…….【范文】At present, text messages are widely used in various TV shows. From serious news programs to different kinds of entertainment programs, we can always see some interactive sessions which all include the use of text messages, such as text-message voting in Super-girls and Happy boys.Is it good or bad? Some people hold the view that it provides a convenient and relatively cheaper way for audience to participate in the program. While others think it is nothing but a method which takes advantage of the public’s curiosity and their hope of winning awards to lure them into sending lots of messages that cost them a large amount of money.As far as I’m concerned, text message is an effective medium for the audience to interact with the TV shows, which can arouse people’s passion for watching the programs, and bring benefits to the TV station as well. But when we are enjoying the merit of it, we should also take the contents and objectives of the TV programs into consideration to ensure the quality of the TV shows.15.Attending Your Classes Regularly1.大学生迟到、早退、旷课现象越来越普遍；2.保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性；3.作为大学生，我们应该……【范文1】In recent years, with the admission expansion of colleges and universities, there exists a common phenomenon that an increasing number of students are late for or even absent from classes, and a few students even slip out of the classroom before the teacher end up the class. The class attendance is becoming one major problem waiting for immediate attention.There is no doubt that class attendance is of crucial importance to students’development. In the first place, if students fail to attend the class timely, they will surely miss what the teacher adds to the textbook. In the second place, theydemonstrate a lack of self-constraint which plays a vital part in their future. What is worse, they will definitely influence the smooth progress of the class, and his classmate fall victims to his violation of rule.As college students, we should bear in mind that “Well begun is half done” and “Habits make nature”. If we can develop a good habit and prevent ourselves from violating the rule, even the most trivial one, we will certainly strive straight toward the target we have in mind. We should learn to discipline ourselves on campus; otherwise we may suffer a lot in our work place in the near future. You might lose your job or opportunity if you were late.【范文】Nowadays, the phenomenon of university students being late for class, left class early and cut class has become a problem we have to face. This phenomenon is more and more common in college. And a number of students are accustomed to do it. Eventually, many students believed that university life is not perfect if you never miss class.A number of factors might contribute to the phenomenon. It is a high time that we put an end to the trend. It is important to pledge the attendance rate of students. The attendance rate of students is representing students’ learning attitude. A high attendance rate not only let students learning more knowledge but also gives some encouragement to teachers. It is beneficial for students to develop a good habit.As a college student, I had been late for class. Even though we have many reasons to do it. Obviously, it is a wrong behavior because it is bad for our study. Eventually, it wastes our time and money.16. Campus Certificate Craze1）大学生“考证热”成为潮流；2）出现这种现象的原因；3）你的看法是……【范文】If you just stop student on campus and ask him what he is busy about, chances are that he will tell you he is preparing for a certificate of some kind. Investigation points to the fact that it has become a new craze for university and college students to get more certificates.There are two main reasons for this phenomenon. To begin with, university and college students are faced with the pressure of finding a job after graduation. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to compete for the limited jobs posts. How could one be more competitive? More certificates will doubtlessly impress the employers, so the students are compelled to run from one exam to another. Besides, more and more universities and colleges modify their education training which includes several creative credits. If students fail to get such credits, they can not graduate. As a result, most students choose to pursue certificates.As far as I am concerned, the students should have a more rational attitude toward certificate, because such certificates do not necessarily represent one’s ability. For me, inner ability speaks louder than certificates, which can only be compared to appearance. Opportunities only arise when you are excellent enough in your field.18. Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a friend who will come to your city to see you. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：假设你是李明，你的一个朋友张伟准备到你所在的城市来旅游，但你有事不能接待。

2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】

2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】Part I Writing对白：儿子： Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（处理核废料）爸爸： If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything！范文：The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his father, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It reveals the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will layroot for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other word, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things.Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty1.who take an image of the page and put it on a screen.”可知，Course Smart现在的电子课本只是对纸质课本的复制，因此，正确答案为D。

2013年6月份英语四级题目和答案

Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Q: What doesthe man imply about Pam?15.W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17.M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18.W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Section BQuestions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.M: I'm fine. The city is very hot this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.W: What's that Paul?M: They say they look beautiful.W: Well, I had a lot of tension while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.M: Oh?W: Oh, don't worry, all from a man over 50. Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.W: Paul, tell me about the special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that was still in business.W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager ——you!M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city. Our little company's in danger. We are out of date.We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What do we learn about Lisa?24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?25. What does the man say about his company?Section CPassage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls' 4-H club improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean the 72 foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig in plot, five flats of flowers. They also took terms in watering, weeding and maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pour a weed. The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, pick-me tables, swings and public rest rooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing one and is spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?27. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?29. Why do the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to complete.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 2According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18 years old interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagreed with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.Over half teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also show that middle school students read more books than high schoolers. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Over 26% are interested in non-fiction, such history books.64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age. That's a favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture in tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49%said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complain that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 3Thank you for coming, everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Let’s start with power. It’s clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms of performance and safety. Let’s not forget that electric vehicles ar e cleaner. Plus, importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources. Moving on to communications, very soon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so they’ll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users will be audio-based, so, for example, you’ll just have to say “a bit warmer”, and the air conditioning will adjust automatically. You’ll also be able to receive email, music and movies, all via an internet link. So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch your movie, whatever.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What is the presentation mainly about?34. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?35. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?2013年6月大学英语四级考试Part III Listening Comprehension长对话答案+解析Conversation 1【听力原文】W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?Good, Thanks.W: Can you tell me something about your experiences in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work, and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job?W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？【总评】这是一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。

2013年6月英语四级模拟试卷及答案

2013年6月英语四级模拟试卷及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic." One Way to Solve the Problem. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese."1.机动车被看作是空气污染的首要原因2.提出解决这一问题的方法3.并说明原因Part ⅠWritingOne Way to Solve the ProblemTo deal with the air pollution caused by vehicles in cities is a challenging job. My suggestion is to produce vehicles powered by solar energy.Compared with mineral fuels such as gasoline, solar energy is inexhaustible in supply. The growth of cities and increase of vehicles call for more supply of energy, but there is a limit to the reserve of mineral fuels. So solar energy with its endless supply is one of our solutions to energy crisis. The second advantage of solar energy is its cleanliness. Traditional vehicles operating on gasoline give of exhaust, causing damage to human health and polluting the air. From the perspective of environmental protection, solar energy is a much better choice. After the new technology becomes economically feasible, the sky over cities will be brighter, and the air will no longer be a threat to our health.Because of the two benefits of using solar energy as a new fuel, we should spend more money on the research which can make our dream come true.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked E A I, I B 3, I C I and IDa. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.About Story ReaderParents dearly hope their children learn to read well. They also hope their children learn to read quickly and easily, so that they’re ready for the demands put on them by school and the world.Kids want to learn how to read, but they also crave entertainment, whether it’s quiet and passive or dynamic and interactive. The aims of the Story Reader line of electronic books are to entertain children and to introduce them to the processof learning how to read in a gentle and enjoyable way. In this article, we’ll show you how Story Reader works and if it accomplishes that goal.Story Reader is a compact, roughly 12-inch-by-12-inch plastic case (with a carrying handle ) that opens to reveal an actual book that fits snugly into the Reader itself. Story Reader’s core feature is that it "reads" the book aloud to a child as he follows along. The child turns the pages when prompted by the Story Reader or at his own pace.Books have both text and illustrations. The electronic book responds to the child’s wishes. The Story Reader speaks the text for the current page. If the child turns back a few pages, the Reader recognizes that page and reads it again. Kids react well to this interactivity because it instills a sense of cuntrol over the story.There are Three Story Reader ProductsThe basic Story Reader, introduced in 2003, is as described above and is intended for kids three years of age and older.Each book has a small companion cartridge that slides into a port on the case and contains the audio encoded into its memory for the story.The device has a volume control but no on/off switch--a deliberate choice so kids can simply open it up and begin reading. It takes four AAA batteries (or operates on household current with an optional adaptor) and retails for around $20.Find out more information about the more than 60 titles at the Story Reader website.Early in 2006, Publications International, Ltd.--Story Reader’s publisher--introduced My First Story Reader, designed for newborns to kids up to age three. As with the original, a narrator reads the story aloud, this time from a 12-page book made from a heavier paperstock that includes sound effects and music to enliven the experience.My First Story Reader features two play modes, one with narration, the other that asks questions about the images on each page. The child can press any of three buttons to answer basic questions about shapes and colors. The last two pages ofeach My First Story Reader book features a sing-along rhyming melody. My First Story Reader retails for about $20.Late in 2006, Publications International introduced a video version of Story Reader called Story Reader Video Plus for kids up to the age of seven. Retailing for about $35, it combines a stand-alone Story Reader with an "Animated Story Mode"that plays through your television and includes a "Learning Game Mode".The Animated Story Mode works just as it sounds--when you connect it to your television through color-coded cables, the story appears on screen and changes as your child turns the pages. Kids get to the Learning Game Mode by turning to thelast page of the book. There, they can choose from five educational games. While it depends on the story, generally there are pattern games, memory games, and platform games. Similar to Nintendo games like Super Mario Brothers, in a platform game the child uses the included controller to guide him through the environment and conquer obstacles.Story Reader Video Plus isn’t a video game, technically, and Publications International bills the Story Reader line more as electronic books than toys. This reassures many parents, and it’s why Story Reader is sold in bookstores and in the book section of major retailers.What about the Educational Underpinnings of Story Reader?Studies show an alarming decline in reading rates among all age groups in America, especially among the young.Children are bombarded on a daily basis with multiple forms of entertainment that compete with traditional learning.Kids naturally emulate the adults in their lives, and seeing their parents and other family members enjoy reading is a powerful motivator. Establishing and keeping a Read-At-Home Night helps families spend time together and helps form lifelong reading habits in children.Here’s how you do it:· Set aside one night a week in your household and call it "Read-At-Home Hour"--or anything you prefer. Establish a time allotment that works for your family, for example, 30 minutes or an hour.· Minimize interruptions from the TV, computer, and video games--and turn on the telephone answering machine.· Choose one book for the entire family to read aloud together, or encourage individual family members to choose their own books to read quietly. Electronic books can work in this context, as well.· Finally, sit down, relax, and read.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。

2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(8)-中大网校

2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(8)总分：710分及格：426分考试时间：120分Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1)Lectures and DiscussionsPart II Reading Comprehension （15 minutes）(1) 请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题{TS} According to the first two paragraphs, which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. The number of people suffering dementia is rapidly increasing.B. The percentage of younger people with dementia is going up.C. About half a million Americans suffer from early-onset dementia.D. More and more young people are suffering from dementia.(2)What is tragic about Alzheimer's disease is that __________.A. there is no cureB. there are no warning signsC. people don't know much about itD. diagnosis is very difficult(3)Which of the following is NOT one of the symptoms that Watson-Beard had?A. She forgot about the plans she made with her husband.B. She wrote down a wrong medication dosage for a patient.C. She was worried that someone might be harmed.D. She hung up on her boss.(4)Watson-Beard couldn't remember how to do a complicated wound dressing because __________.A. she was under a great stressB. she was so sad over the death of her husbandC. Of the early-onset dementia she had been suffer inD. of her long-time conscious ignorance(5)Which of the following statements about dementia is NOT TRUE according to Dr. Marc Agronin?A. Symptoms of dementia in a young patient are evident.B. Many conditions cause similar symptoms.C. There is evidence of an increasing rate of dementia at younger ages.D. Diagnosis of dementia is difficult sometimes.(6)The reason why having dementia is financially devastating for Watson-Beard is that __________.A. she has to quit her jobB. she has no medical insuranceC. her house is in foreclosureD. she pays out of pocket for medicine(7)Namenda is__________.A. a medicine used to treat dementiaB. the author of How We AgeC. a social worker at the Alzheimer's AssociationD. an expert on dementia快速阅读（填空）(1)请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题{TS}What is remarkable about Watson-Beard is that most of the time during an interview she could__________.(2)Watson-Beard often comes across some acquaintances whom__________.(3)_________is how a man describes his elderly wife who is seriously ill with dementia.听力ABPart III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）(1)请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题{TS}__________(2)__________(3)__________(4)__________(5)__________(6)__________(7)__________(8)__________(9)__________(10)__________(11) 请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题{TS}The passage is primarily concerned with __________.A. presenting the sociological theory of Max WeberB. giving a brief biography of Max WeberC. explaining the importance of the term "verstehen" in Weber's theoryD. showing several areas of social life in Weber's theory(12)The author implies that Max Weber was different from Durkheim in that __________.A. Weber believed society and individuals should be studied differentlyB. in Weber's view the social changes must be studied carefullyC. Weber placed more emphasis on the motivation of people's actionsD. Weber thought individual actions are the result of society(13)According to Weber, explanations of individual actions __________.A. should relate with none other than social attributesB. should consider the person's thoughts and feelingsC. should involve a lot of systematic observationD. should be carried on at different levels of study(14)One of the reasons for the increase of rationalization is that __________.A. government had more authority than everB. intuition played a more important role in actionC. capitalism developed quicklyD. economy grew rapidly(15)The author's attitude towards Weber's theory is __________.A. praisingB. criticizingC. unclearD. objective(16) 请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题{TS}The passage mainly discusses __________.A. award-winning works of literatureB. an organization that awards artistsC. the special donation of an artistD. the individual patrons of artists(17)Which of the following can be inferred about Alice Walker's book In Love and Trouble?A. It sold more copies than The Poorhouse Fair.B. It described the author's visit to Rome.C. It was a commercial success.D. It was published after The Poorhouse Fair.(18)Each year the awards and prizes offered by the Academy-Institute total approximately __________.A. $750,000B. $35,000C. $50,000D. $12,500(19)One of the advantages of the Academy-Institute awards mentioned in the passage is that__________.A. they are subsidized by the governmentB. they are often given to unknown artistsC. they can also be given to members of the Academy-InstituteD. they influence how the National Endowment for the Arts makes its award decisions(20)The Strauss couple wished their fund could be provided for __________.A. the greatest contributor to prose literatureB. the talented but less known artistsC. the excellent and financially needy writersD. the amateur artists who had paying jobsPartIV Cloze（15 minutes）(1) 请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题{TS}A. changing upB. moving upC. breaking upD. transferring up(2)A. clearB. vagueC. brightD. mature(3)A. subjectsB. librariesC. institutionsD. universities(4)A. problemB. characterC. riddleD. mystery(5)A. extendedB. expressedC. countedD. explained(6)A. durableB. softC. realD. solid(7)A. knowledgeB. informationC. valueD. interest(8)A. infectedB. influencedC. changedD. forced(9)A. soB. butC. becauseD. yet(10)A. steadilyB. immediatelyC. subjectivelyD. hesitantly(11)A. oweB. devoteC. ownD. change(12)A. doB. takeC. haveD. get(13)A. efficientB. effectiveC. affectiveD. strong(14)A. withB. inC. onD. at(15)A. butB. soC. asD. and(16)A. breedsB. affectsC. risesD. develops(17)A. formalB. formalisticC. academicD. realistic(18)A. settlersB. immigrantsC. visitorsD. passengers(19)A. IndeedB. HoweverC. ReallyD. Luckily(20)A. put downB. got downC. carded downD. laid downPart V Translation （5 minutes）(1)___________________ (无论这些建议多有用)，they just turned a deaf ear to them，(2)Not only___________________ (他们不仅能安全地操作机器)but they can also repair them．(3)You’d better have some cash on you ___________________ (以防万一遇到紧急情况)．(4)I’m not sure whethel"1 want to take this course；___________________(我第一周可否旁听)to see if I like it?(5)He looks honest，but___________________ (外表有时是靠不住的)，aren’t they?答案和解析Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1) :Part II Reading Comprehension （15 minutes）(1) :B【答案解析】(2) :A(3) :C(4) :C(5) :C(6) :A(7) :A快速阅读（填空）(1) :speak with lucidity(2) :she can’t remember anything about(3) :Having entered some higher realm听力ABPart III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）(1) :O(2) :I(3) :D(4) :H(5) :M(6) :N(7) :J(8) :A(9) :C(10) :L(11) :A【答案解析】(12) :C(13) :B(14) :C(15) :D(16) :B【答案解析】(17) :D(18) :A(19) :B(20) :CPartIV Cloze（15 minutes）(1) :B【答案解析】(2) :A(3) :D(4) :B(5) :D(6) :D(7) :A(8) :B(9) :C(10) :B(11) :A(12) :B(13) :B(14) :A(15) :D(16) :A(17) :C(18) :B(19) :A(20) :DPart V Translation （5 minutes）(1) :However useful these suggestions might be/No matter how useful these suggestions might be(2) :can they one rate the machines safely/with safety(3) :in case of emergency/in case an emergency happens中大网校引领成功职业人生中大网校 “十佳网络教育机构”、 “十佳职业培训机构” 网址：(4) :may I sit in for the first week(5) :appearances are sometimes deceptive/sometimes appearances are undependable。

2013年6月份四级考试真题（附带答案解析、听力原文）

2013年6月份四级考试真题（附带答案解析、听力原文）2013年6月份四级考试真题（附带答案解析及听力原文）考试时间安排：一般在6月18日和12月17日左右大学英语四级考试流程?8：50---9：00试音时间?9：00---9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷?9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试?9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册（但9：40才允许开始做）?9：40---9：55做快速阅读?9：55---10：00收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读）?9：55---10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试?10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音?听力结束后完成剩余考项。

?11：20全部考试结束。

Part ⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议On Excessive PackagingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A)，B)，C）and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includesindependent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units ofa few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in a stonishment, “How did that student graduate?”So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses,” romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory”classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly t alking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,”says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams.Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation.“It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation, ”their letter read. in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students’ overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be nec essary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1． Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.A) ensuring no child is left behindB) increasing economic efficiencyC) improving students’ performance on SATD)providing good education for baby boomers2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?A)Teachers’ workload increased.B)Students’ performance declined.C)Administration became centralized.D)Students focused more on test scores.3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill andMelinda Gates foundation?A)They are usually magnet schools.B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods.C)They are popular with high-achieving students.D)They are mostly small in size.4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.D)Students have to meet higher academic standards.5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to .A)their students’ academic achievementB)the number of their students admitted to collegeC)the size and number of their graduating classesD)their college-level test participation6.What can we learn about Hillsdale’s students in the late 1990s?A)They were made to study hard like prisoners.B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,D)Their school performance was getting worse.7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .A)tell their teachers what they did on weekendsB)experience a great deal of pleasure in learningC)maintain closer relationships with their teachersD)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses8. is still considered a strength of Newsweek’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use .10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students totake .Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B）、C）and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。

6月英语四级考试预测试题及答案

xx年6月英语四级考试预测试题及答案xx年6月英语四级考试预测试题及答案Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Aulturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents' culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not unmon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents' privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try toinstill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers' apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors' homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. Aording to this passage, the way people treat newborns .A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that .A) children don't like their parentsB) parents don't feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from one's family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" .A) are caught in their mothers' apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because .A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that .A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsibleMany people believe that the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs bee sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeballs. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.Experiments led to the Army to a simple method of overing this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross pletely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The menfollowing can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without being hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overe.26. To prevent headache, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are .A) indispensableB) usefulC) ineffectiveD) available27. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to .A) clear the visionB) remedy snowblindnessC) ease the irritationD) loosen the muscles28. Snowblindness may be avoided by .A) concentrating on the solid white terrainB) searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrainC) providing the eyes with something to focus onD) covering the eyeballs with fluid29. The eyeballs bee sore and the eye muscles ache because .A) tears cover the eyeballsB) the eyes are irritated by blinding sunlightC) the eyes are irritated by blinding snowD) there is nothing to focus on30. A suitable title for the passage would be .A) Snowblindness and How to Overe ItB) Nature's Cure for SnowblindnessC) Soldiers in the SnowD) Snow Vision。

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