英语研究生ppt-维多利亚时代Victorian era
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英国文学维多利亚时期ppt课件
Robert Browning （1812——1889）罗伯特布朗宁 • -English poet, was noted for his mastery of
dramatic monologue.(以戏剧独白的诗歌形式著称) -Works: The Ring and the Book《指环与书》 My Last Duchess 《我已故的公爵夫人》
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
The Victorian Period
• 特征： Common sense and moral propriety, which
were ignored by the Romanticists, again became the predominant preoccupation in literary work.常理和道德这些被浪漫主义时代 遗弃多年的主题，又回到了文学主流中来。
Victorian poets and poetry
Matthew Arnold （1822——1888）马修阿 诺德
• - A poet and an important social critic in this age. His poetry foreshadows the “ wasteland” of the twentieth-century. 荒原意识
苔丝是个美丽的乡村姑娘，由于家境贫穷， 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 给与自己同姓的贵族德伯家打工。结果她 被主人家的儿子亚历克· 德伯诱奸，并生 下了一个私生子。由于这个“罪过”，苔 丝很受鄙视。在巨大的压力下，再加上小 孩夭折，苔丝离家来到一个牛奶场工作， 遇到了牧师的儿妇安吉尔· 克莱尔。两人 相爱并结婚。但在新婚之夜，苔丝向他坦 白了自己的过去，安吉尔竟将她抛弃，独 自去了巴西。生活困苦，备受侮辱的苔丝 苦等安吉尔回来无果，无奈成为了亚历克 的情妇。就在这时，安吉尔抱着忏悔的心 情，来到苔丝身边想和她重新在一起。这 时苔丝杀死了亚历克。在他们逃亡的途中，
dramatic monologue.(以戏剧独白的诗歌形式著称) -Works: The Ring and the Book《指环与书》 My Last Duchess 《我已故的公爵夫人》
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
The Victorian Period
• 特征： Common sense and moral propriety, which
were ignored by the Romanticists, again became the predominant preoccupation in literary work.常理和道德这些被浪漫主义时代 遗弃多年的主题，又回到了文学主流中来。
Victorian poets and poetry
Matthew Arnold （1822——1888）马修阿 诺德
• - A poet and an important social critic in this age. His poetry foreshadows the “ wasteland” of the twentieth-century. 荒原意识
苔丝是个美丽的乡村姑娘，由于家境贫穷， 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 给与自己同姓的贵族德伯家打工。结果她 被主人家的儿子亚历克· 德伯诱奸，并生 下了一个私生子。由于这个“罪过”，苔 丝很受鄙视。在巨大的压力下，再加上小 孩夭折，苔丝离家来到一个牛奶场工作， 遇到了牧师的儿妇安吉尔· 克莱尔。两人 相爱并结婚。但在新婚之夜，苔丝向他坦 白了自己的过去，安吉尔竟将她抛弃，独 自去了巴西。生活困苦，备受侮辱的苔丝 苦等安吉尔回来无果，无奈成为了亚历克 的情妇。就在这时，安吉尔抱着忏悔的心 情，来到苔丝身边想和她重新在一起。这 时苔丝杀死了亚历克。在他们逃亡的途中，
Victorian Era 维多利亚时代
TYPICAL INCOMES (YEARLY)
Aristocrats £30,000 Merchants, bankers £10,000 Middle-class (doctors, lawyers, clerks) £300-800 Lower middle-class (head teachers, journalists, shopkeepers, etc.) £150-300 Skilled workers (carpenters, typesetters,etc.) £75100 Sailors and domestic staff £40-75 Laborers, soldiers £25
19TH CENTURY ENGLAND
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
It accelerated the migration of the population from country to overcrowded c 1876 the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell The radio was invented in 1895 by Guglielmo Marconi. The camera, toilet, sewing machine, vacuum, train and stamp were all created during the Victorian Era. Factories began to be powered by steam. The police force was created during this period.
Great Expectations
维多利亚女王
2 3
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
1840年，维多利亚女王结婚时，穿上了一袭由漂 亮的中国锦缎制作而成的白色礼服，拖尾长达18 英尺，并配上白色头纱，从头到脚的纯白色婚纱 惊艳了全场。而在维多利亚女王大婚之前，英国 皇室成员的结婚礼服均是头戴宝石皇冠、配上镶 满珠宝银饰的晚礼服、外披一件毛皮大衣的传统 装扮。她的这一惊人之举，在令人惊艳之余，更 迅速成为一大风尚广泛流传，西方婚礼上新娘身 穿白色结婚礼服也逐渐成了流传至今的传统习俗 白色婚纱代表内心的纯洁和孩童般的天真无邪， 后来逐渐演变为童贞的象征
通识作业
广告一班 惠萍
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维多利亚时代
• 来由：维多利亚女王的统治时期 • 英文名：Ｖictorian era • 时间：时限常被定义为1937-1901.前接乔治时代，后启爱德华时 代 • 时代特点：是英国工业革命的顶点时期，也是英国经济文化的全 盛时期 • 社会风气：繁荣昌盛的太平盛世
1842年6月13日，维多利亚女王第一次乘坐 火车，女王的丈夫和当时的英国铁路总工 程师也一同在车上。当时火车的时速是每
小时30公里，事后女王抱怨说，觉得车速
过快，十分担心火车会从铁轨上掉下来。
Thanks
林则徐1839年在虎门销烟，极大程度上打击 了英国政府的倾销政策，1840年初，维多利 亚女王在议会上发表了著名的演说，呼吁 “为了大英帝国的利益”，向中国发动战争。 第一次鸦片战争遂始
维多利亚时期，是大英帝国对外领土扩张最辉煌 的时期，为了扩张领土，英国不惜使用一切手段。 1857年，英法两国争夺苏伊士运河的统治权达到 白热化的程度，但是一场设计巧妙的阴谋使英国 获得了苏伊士运河的控股权，法国只能乖乖地退 让
The Victorian Age 维多利亚时代
Mid-Victoria (1855-1879)
Late-Victoria (1868-1902)
The predominant theme in the early Victorian literature.
The Progress of Reform
Political &Social Background
Charlotte Bronte
• Famous work: Jane Eyre
• Promoted the development of feminism.
• Pseudonym: Currer Bell
William Makepeace Thackeray
• Feature of his writing: His novels contain satirical portrayal of the upper stratum of society。
lawer’s clerk: full of self-conceit, prudishness, petty tyranny and ignorance Conclusion: They are pinned on that class, that it was
servile to its social superiors and despotic to its social inferiors.
• Works: Oliver Twist, The Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfeild, Great Expectations.
A Tale of Two Cities
A Tale of Two Cities
街上落下一个大酒桶，磕散了，这次意外事件是在酒桶从车上搬下来时出现的。那 桶一骨碌滚了下来，桶箍散开，酒桶躺在酒馆门外的石头上，像核桃壳一样碎开了。
Late-Victoria (1868-1902)
The predominant theme in the early Victorian literature.
The Progress of Reform
Political &Social Background
Charlotte Bronte
• Famous work: Jane Eyre
• Promoted the development of feminism.
• Pseudonym: Currer Bell
William Makepeace Thackeray
• Feature of his writing: His novels contain satirical portrayal of the upper stratum of society。
lawer’s clerk: full of self-conceit, prudishness, petty tyranny and ignorance Conclusion: They are pinned on that class, that it was
servile to its social superiors and despotic to its social inferiors.
• Works: Oliver Twist, The Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfeild, Great Expectations.
A Tale of Two Cities
A Tale of Two Cities
街上落下一个大酒桶，磕散了，这次意外事件是在酒桶从车上搬下来时出现的。那 桶一骨碌滚了下来，桶箍散开，酒桶躺在酒馆门外的石头上，像核桃壳一样碎开了。
英国文学Victorian Era 维多利亚时代 PPT
Edwardian period(1901-1910)
•a long period of prosperity:
profits
overseas Brபைடு நூலகம்tish Empire industrial improvements at home
•a long period of peace :
known as the Pax Britannica(不列颠治世), and economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation
The Representative Authors of the Victorian Time
I． Charles Dickens
• His life story • his literary achievements:
• 1) his writing career and his major works
2.William Makepace Thackery
• His life story • his literary achievements:
• 1) his major works
• 2) his literary characteristics:
• （1）his attitude toward life: he was cynic who saw no good in anything and had doubt about the goodness of human nature Critics say he was a spectator of the battle of life, that is he preserved detachment, and he always held himself under control even in pathetic scenes.
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚时代 ppt课件
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚时代
thevictorianperiod英国文学维多利亚时代thevictorianperiod英国文学维多利亚时代chapter5thevictorianperiodthevictorianperiod英国文学维多利亚时代backgroundinformationchangesinsocietychangesinpoliticschangesinsciencetechnologychangesinideologythevictorianperiod英国文学维多利亚时代changesinpolitics?politicalpowerpassedfromthedecayingaristocratsintothehandsofthemiddleclassindustrialcapitalists
The critical realists were unable to find a good solution to the social contradictions. The chief tendency in their works is not of revolution but of reformism.
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚时代
Prose
• Great prose writers: Thomas Carlyle Thomas Babington Macaulay Matthew Arnold John Henry Newman John Stuart Mill John Ruskin Thomas Henry Huxley
• It was welcomed especially by the middleclass industrialists and made cultural values, moral standards less valuable. →the worsening of living condition of poor people
thevictorianperiod英国文学维多利亚时代thevictorianperiod英国文学维多利亚时代chapter5thevictorianperiodthevictorianperiod英国文学维多利亚时代backgroundinformationchangesinsocietychangesinpoliticschangesinsciencetechnologychangesinideologythevictorianperiod英国文学维多利亚时代changesinpolitics?politicalpowerpassedfromthedecayingaristocratsintothehandsofthemiddleclassindustrialcapitalists
The critical realists were unable to find a good solution to the social contradictions. The chief tendency in their works is not of revolution but of reformism.
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚时代
Prose
• Great prose writers: Thomas Carlyle Thomas Babington Macaulay Matthew Arnold John Henry Newman John Stuart Mill John Ruskin Thomas Henry Huxley
• It was welcomed especially by the middleclass industrialists and made cultural values, moral standards less valuable. →the worsening of living condition of poor people
英国文学维多利亚时期全集ppt课件
❖ (2) Background: developed rapidly both politically & economically (capitalism first took shape, agricultural to industrial society
❖ The Early Victorian Period (1832-1848)
Chapter III Victorian Novels
❖ the novel became the dominant genre
❖ Plot is unfolded against a social background
❖ “linear causation”: cause-effect sequence
❖ The worsening living & working conditions, the mass unemployment & the new Poor Law of 1834 finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement (1836-1848).
❖ They offer a most complete & realistic picture of English society of his age & remain the highest achievement in the 19thcentury English novel.
❖ In nearly all his novels, behind the gloomy pictures of oppression & poverty, behind the loud humor & buffoonery 滑稽, is his gentleness, his simple faith in mankind.
维多利亚时代
婚 礼
婚姻是传统的型式，无 论甚么阶级 在教堂举行，透过神父 的福證，戴上婚戒表ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 礼成。 英國人崇尚白色，象徵 爱情纯洁
小 结
维多利亚女王的名字，象征着一个时代。 在维多利亚统治期间，英国国民空前团结，英国成为 一个强大的帝国，并不断壮大发展。这是女王给英国人留 下的最好遗产，也是对她一生政绩最有力的评价。 极少有坐上帝位的女人，能像维多利亚一样，如此出 色地完成了女王的职责，同时又拥有如此平凡的作为女人 的幸福。 她统治的时期，特别是1851年以后，在英国历史上 被称为维多利亚时代。她在位的六十余年正值英国自由资 本主义由方兴未艾到鼎盛、进而过渡到垄断资本主义的转 变时期，英国极度强盛，经济、文化空前繁荣，科学、艺 术都有很大的发展，君主立宪制得到充分成熟. 维多利亚女王的名字成了英国和平与繁荣的象征.
家具
中期家具
早期家具的特点： 维多利亚早期生产 的一些家具没有可 明确辨认的风格特 点，许多19世纪40 年代和50年代的家 具主要关心使用者 体感的舒适，以商 业化的方式进行生 产。
后期作品
贵族的生活
乡间别墅是上流社会生活的重心 所在，有一定的历史、健全的生 活机能，也是权力的象征
乡村别墅生活很单调无聊，贵 族会出外打猎，女仕们会举办 家庭派对。
交通工具
18-19世纪，搭乘 马车拥有马车的人大 多收入较高。 中产阶级和平民只能 做出租马车或公共马 车
1840年后，铁路普及，仍是貴族在搭乘。 1860年後，地下鐵開通，搭乘的人越來越 多。
建 筑 特 点
著 名 建 筑
维多利亚建筑时期通常是指1825年至 1900年这段时期，维多利亚时代的建筑 师广泛从历史、自然、几何学和理论中 吸取创作灵感进行设计。
The_Victorian_Era_PPT英国维多利亚时代
“Construction of the sewer beneath Fleet Street, London, early 1860s. By 1858 the stench of the sewage from the Thames had become so overwhelming that the House of Parliament at Westminster found it impossible to meet; construction of a city-wide underground system of sewers…began the following year.”
– 1800=75% rural versus 1900=75% urban
Power and Empire
• Richest nation (first industrialized nation) • Most powerful nation
– unchallenged military supremacy – empire covers ¼ of earth’s surface
The Victorian Era
• Placed high value on honor, duty, moral seriousness, and sexual propriety. • Still have brutal factory conditions, low wages, and crowded cities, but the 1830s mark the beginning of political and social reform acts. • Shift from agrarian society to industrial society creates a middle class (neither rich nor poor).
维多利亚时代The Victorian Age
Factory Children
• • • Mill owners said that they had to keep their prices down. That was why workers' hours had to be long, and wages low. Women and children got lower wages than men, so the owners employed a lot of women and children. Children as young as six or seven worked up to fourteen hours a day in the mills. Their pay was about three shillings (15p) a week. Many were killed or injured by the moving parts of the machines they had to clean. Others were maimed by a foreman's fist or strap. Sadly, many of them were forced to work by their own parents. Their fathers were out of work, and the family needed the few shillings that they could earn. Some decent employers paid their workers a fair wage. Some even built good houses for them, and ran schools for their children. Some mill-owners took part in a movement for factory reform. Most mill-owners were against the reformers, though. They said that shorter hours for children would put up their costs, and bring them to ruin. Mill-owners did not obey Parliament's first acts cutting mill hours. But an act passed in 1833 said that inspectors would enforce the law. The act banned all children under nine from cotton mills. Children over nine were allowed to work, but there were strict controls on their hours. By 1847, ten hours per day was the limit for boys and all female workers.
The Victorian Age英国文学维多利亚时期
1837年维多利亚女王即位时，英国已经完成了资本主义工业革命， 为了满足国家寻找原料地和销售市场的要求，英国开始在世界各地建立 殖民地和自治领。1840年英国占领了新西兰，这标志着英国在全世界的 殖民体系形成。英国对中国的野心由来已久。英国与中国的贸易最早始 于茶叶、丝绸的贸易；但是这些商品是英国市场上的奢侈品，而中国自 给自足的经济体制使得英国的工业革命的产品毫无用武之地。为了扭转 对华贸易逆差，英国商人开始在英国政府的支持下倾销鸦片。1839年， 林则徐在虎门销烟，极大程度上打击了英国政府的倾销政策，1840年初， 维多利亚女王在议会上发表了著名的演说，呼吁“为了大英帝国的利 益”，向中国发动战争。第一次鸦片战争遂始。
• The Chartist Movement (1836-1848 )was organized by the English workers in big cities and brought forth the People’s Charter, in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions. The movement brought some improvement to the welfare of the working class. It was the first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.
The Victorian age (1832-1901)
◆ Historical Situation Reign of Queen Victoria: 1837-1901
英语研究生ppt-维多利亚时代Victorian era
Chartism（宪章运动）
Darkness-Class Contradictions
But at the end of the era,the Victorian Ethics just existed in name only.The upper class seemingly restrained and rational,inside filthy .The middle class were trapped in money worship and indulging themselves,not thrifty any more.And the life of bottom of society were in mess because of increasing gap between rich and poor.
the harm of Corset（束腰）
the ideal wife
Darkness-Imperialism
When the middle and later period of the era,the country changed from laisser-faire capitalism to monopoly capitalism--imperialism.It invaded other countries and competed against other imperialist countries.And then,finally,First World War broke out.
Magnificence-Territory and Economic
On its top,its territorial area reached 34 million km2, the biggest empire the history. And,the British Empire economy have accounted for 70% of the world.
外研版九年级下册英语英国的维多利亚时代
英国的维多利亚时代
维多利亚时代（Victorian era），前接乔治时代，后启爱德华时代，被认为是英国工业革命和大英帝国的峰端。
它的时限常被定义为1837年～1901年，即维多利亚女王（Alexandrina Victoria）的统治时期。
亦有学者认为，应将通过改革法案（Reform Act 1832）的1832年视为一个新的文化时期的开端。
维多利亚时代被认为是英国工业革命的顶点时期，也是大英帝国经济文化的全盛时期。
在维多利亚时代，财富的分配始终不均，贫富对比十分明显。
一方面，有贵族宫殿式的庄园生活；另一方面，则是农人破败的茅屋草舍。
一方面，是工厂主舒适的生活享受；另一方面，则是失业工人绝望的生存挣扎。
人们的生活水平相差太大，一个国家存在着天堂与地狱的鸿沟。
这一时期英国著名的保守党首相迪斯雷利曾把英国说成是一个“两个民族”的国家，“当茅屋不舒服时，宫殿是不会安全的。
”与之相对应的，是英国人引以为傲的政治制度，包括政府制度、文官制度、司法制度、议会选举制度等，都与时代格格不入。
应该说“光荣革命”后英国建立起的这些政治制度是当时世界上最先进的，不过时过境迁，到了工业革命时期，经济的飞速发展，社会结构的急剧变化，这套制度变得越来越不合时宜，成为强盛之中的一道不和谐的阴影。
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First Opium War
Boer War
Darkness-Imperialism
Anglo-Afghan War
Crimean War WWⅠ
Darkness-Class Contradictions
At the early days of the era,state power moved from the decadent aristocracy to emerging middle class of industrial capitalists.But it hurt the Working class.With the increasingly sharp class contradictions,the working class fight for their rights--Chartism.
'Sun never sets.'
Magnificence-Literaure
Bronte Sisters
George Eliot Female
Literature
Dickens
Thackeray
Critical Hardy Realism
Aestory
Magnificence and Darkness ----The Victorian era
Name: Code：
contents
1 Introduction
2 Magnificence
3
Darkness
4 Conclusion
Introduction
The Victorian era took its name from Queen Alexandrina Victoria,ranging from 1837 to 1901.It was the period that the British Empire moved toward the top of the world. But,actually,it was a peculiar and attractive era mixed with darkness and magnificence.
the ideal wife
Darkness-Imperialism
When the middle and later period of the era,the country changed from laisser-faire capitalism to monopoly capitalism--imperialism.It invaded other countries and competed against other imperialist countries.And then,finally,First World War broke out.
Magnificence-Fashion
Lace（蕾丝）
Flounce（荷叶边）
Ribbon（缎带）
Magnificence-Fashion
High waist Frill（抓褶）
Magnificence-Fashion
Gigot sleeve（羊腿袖）
Bustle Dress（撑裙）
Magnificence-Fashion
Wilde
Conan Doyle
Magnificence-Fashion
The Victorian era lady was a vision of elegence and grace in beautiful clothing lavishly trimmed with frills,flounce,lace and ribbons.They created this appearance with a mysterious combination of magnificence and inconvenience.
the harm of Corset（束腰）
The Angel in the House
Man must be pleased; but him to please Is woman's pleasure; down the gulf Of his condoled necessities She casts her best, she flings her breast ... As grass grows taller round a stone.
And then,in after 20 years,the country,especially the middle
class,formed the Victorian Ethics --conservative,rational and restrained.It eased the class conflict.
hairstyle
hat
1830
1830
1900
1900
Darkness-About Women
The Victorian era women 's social status were low.They had no action right,voting right and property right.They were limited by Victorian Ethics,including magnificent clothing,asceticism and so on.
Magnificence-Territory and Economic
On its top,its territorial area reached 34 million km2, the biggest empire throughout the history.
And,the British Empire economy have accounted for 70% of the world.
Chartism（宪章运动）
Darkness-Class Contradictions
But at the end of the era,the Victorian Ethics just existed in name only.The upper class seemingly restrained and rational,inside filthy .The middle class were trapped in money worship and indulging themselves,not thrifty any more.And the life of bottom of society were in mess because of increasing gap between rich and poor.