研究生英语
研究生英语1—9单元课文+翻译
Unit 1Ghosts for Tea' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach,and a few yachts,with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below,a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse?' he asked in a hushed whisper.'I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic-looking place' , I suggested.'It's no legend' , declared the old man. 'My father knew the two men involved.lt all took place fifty years ago to-day. Let me tell you.His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic.'For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms' , he began, 'with terrifying seas surging and crashing over the rocks. People on shore were anxious about the two men working there. They'd been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before, when they had quarrelled over cards in the village inn. Martin had accused Blake of cheating. Blake had vowed to avenge the insult to his honour. But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected, they apologised to each other, and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement. But some slight resentment and bitterness remained. and it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough weather might affect their nerves, though, needless to say, their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be.'Fifty years ago to-night,no light appeared in the tower, and only at two o'clock in the morning did the beam suddenly start to flash out its warning again.'The next morning the light was still visible. The storm had almost blown itself out, so a relief boat set out to investigate. A grim discovery awaited the crew . The men's living-room was in a horrifying state. The table was over-turned: a pack of playing cards was scattered everywhere: bloodstains splashed the floor. The relief men climbed the winding stair to the lantern room and there discoveredMartin's body, crouched beside the burning lamp. He had been stabbed and was dead. Two days later, Blake's body was washed up. scratched, bruised, and terribly injured.' Only then could we really start guessing what had happened. This great tragedy could only have been due to a renewal of their quarrel. Bored and depressed as a result of their isolation, Martin and Blake must have started to play cards. Again suspecting cheating, Martin had accused his former friend of dishonesty; a fight had broken out and Blake had seized his knife. In a fit of madness he had attacked his companion, who had fallen mortally wounded. Then, appalled by what he had done, the loneliness, the battering of wind and waves, Blake had rushed to the parapet and flung himself on to the rocks below, where the sea had claimed him.'But Martin was still alive. Hours later, after darkness had fallen, he had recovered consciousness. He remembered his job of lighting the lamp; suffering intense pain, the poor wretch crawled slowly up the winding staircase, dragging himself from step to step till he got to the lantern. At his last ' gasp he managed to light this before finally collapsing.'For years afterwards it was said that the lighthouse was haunted, and, owing to these stories, they didn't have any applicants for the job of lighthouse-keeper from among the superstitious local inhabitants. And now they say that on every anniversary of that day, especially when the sea is rough, you can stand in the living-room, hear the cards failing and the sound of angry cries, see the flash of a blade,and then glimpse a figure rushing to the parapet. And then you hear the slow dragging of a body from step to step towards the room above.'The old man paused and I turned to go.'By the way' , he added, 'have you any free time this afternoon? If so, why don't you have teain the lighthouse? We are putting on a special boat trip to-day. We're charging a pound. And my brother, who bought the old lighthouse when they built the new one just on the point, can serve very good teas there - included in the price of the boat trip - a bargain, considering the problem of obtaining the food. And if you are at all sensitive to the supernatural, you're likely to have an unusual, perhaps an uncanny experience there.I eyed him appreciatively. 'You're wasting your talents' , I said. 'You should have been a fiction writer. ''You don't believe it? exclaimed the old man indignantly.'I'd find it a job,' I answered. ' My father, Henry Cox, started as keeper of that lighthouse fifty- two years ago, and he and Jim Dowley, now retired on a pension, were in charge for ten years. Come and see my dad one day with that tale; he'd enjoy it' .But the old man had already turned his attention to a more likely client.Google翻译：“10便士比湾景”。
研究生必须考英语吗
研究生必须考英语吗研究生必须考英语吗？无论对于国内还是国际的研究生教育，英语都是一门重要的考试科目。
虽然并非所有的研究生项目都要求考英语，但绝大部分研究生项目都会将英语考试作为入学的必备条件。
下面将探讨研究生必须考英语的原因。
首先，英语是国际通行的语言，是跨国交流和学术合作的基础。
目前，全球范围内的学术交流和合作日益增多，许多重要的研究成果和学术论文都以英语为主要语言进行发表。
因此，研究生必须具备流利的英语沟通能力，以便能够与国际同行进行学术交流，并参与国际学术会议、合作项目等。
考试英语可以提前对学生的英语水平进行评估，保证他们具备这种基本的交流能力。
其次，英语考试是研究生择业和升学的重要依据。
众所周知，现代社会高度竞争，拥有良好的英语能力能为学生提供更多的机会和选择。
无论是进入国外知名大学深造，还是应聘跨国公司的职位，流利的英语往往都是必不可少的。
通过英语考试，研究生学生可以向用人单位或研究团队证明自己具备良好的英语能力，提高就业和升学的成功率。
再者，英语考试是对学生综合能力的考察。
在考试中，学生需要进行听力、阅读、写作和口语等多方面的测试，这有助于评估学生在语言能力方面的综合表现。
除了英语本身，考试还考察学生的逻辑思维、语言组织和临场发挥能力等。
这有助于培养学生良好的学习习惯和能力，提高他们在各个学科领域的综合素养。
但是，值得一提的是，英语考试不应仅仅是通过一个分数来评价学生的英语水平和能力，更重要的是培养学生的英语思维和交流能力。
因此，学校应该在课程设置和教学方法上进行改革，更注重英语实际运用和交流能力的培养，而不仅仅是应试考试。
综上所述，研究生必须考英语主要是出于以下几个原因：国际交流需求以及学术合作的紧密联系，求职和升学需求，以及英语考试对学生综合能力的考察。
然而，需要注意的是，在考试之外，学校和教育部门应该加强对英语教学和实际运用的重视，培养学生的英语思维和交流能力。
只有在这样的环境下，英语考试才能真正起到提高学生的英语水平和拓展学术视野的作用。
研究生英语试题及答案
研究生英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The new policy will come into _______ on the first day of next month.A. effectB. effortC. affectD. afford答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work is still_______.A. in progressB. in processC. in prospectD. in prospect答案：A3. She _______ the letter without reading it and threw it into the dustbin.A. glanced atB. looked overC. glanced throughD. looked up答案：C4. The professor gave a lecture on the _______ of the novel.A. significanceB. similarityC. similarityD. simplicity答案：A5. The company has _______ its employees to work from home due to the pandemic.A. enforcedB. encouragedC. requiredD. prohibited答案：B二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答后面的问题。
Passage 1In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has gained popularity. A smart city is one that uses information and communication technology to enhance the quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs, resource consumption, and to improve the competitiveness of the city. The implementation of smart city technology can lead to a more efficient use of resources, better traffic management, and improved public safety.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The definition of a smart city.B. The benefits of smart city technology.C. The popularity of smart city technology.D. The implementation of smart city technology.答案：A7. According to the passage, what are the outcomes of implementing smart city technology?A. Reduced costs and resource consumption.B. Improved public safety.C. Enhanced quality of urban services.D. All of the above.答案：DPassage 2The traditional classroom is being transformed by the use of technology. Interactive whiteboards, tablets, and laptops are now common in classrooms, allowing for a more dynamic and engaging learning experience. Teachers can use these tools to present information in various formats, such as text, images, and videos, and students can interact with the content inreal time.8. What is the passage mainly about?A. The transformation of traditional classrooms.B. The use of technology in classrooms.C. The benefits of interactive whiteboards.D. The presentation of information in various formats.答案：B9. What can teachers do with the use of technology in classrooms?A. Present information in various formats.B. Make the classroom more dynamic.C. Engage students in real time.D. Both A and C.答案：D三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
研究生学术英语 Building Your Vocabulary
研究生学术英语Building Your VocabularyUnit 1 Task 1Solitary: adj. 独自的，独立的；单个的；唯一的；隐居的n. 独居者，隐士；单独禁闭Scaffold:脚手架；框架Inscribe: vt. 雕，刻；题写，题献Contour: n. 外形，轮廓；（地图上表示相同海拔各点的）等高线；概要；电路Purport: vt. 声称；意图；意味着；打算n. 意义，要旨；目的，意图Wipe away:擦掉，清除；抹掉Contextual: adj. 上下文的；与语境有关的Axiomatic: adj. <正>公理的；不证自明的；原则的；格言的1.Nowadays, there are hundreds of insurance policise that purport to providecyber insurance coverage. 如今，有数百家保险公司声称提供网络保险。
2.Even modest price competition can easily wipe away a third or more ofoperating income if grocers use lower prices to win customers.如果杂货商用较低的价格赢得顾客，即使是适度的价格竞争也很容易抹去三分之一或更多的营业收入。
3.Oracle Mobile Cloud aims to provide a more contextual user experience,which enable s chatbots to switch seamlessly between unstructured conversation and personalised, structured data exchange.Oracle Mobile Cloud旨在提供上下文更相关的用户体验，使聊天机器人能够在非结构化对话和个性化结构化数据交换之间无缝切换。
研究生要学英语吗
研究生要学英语吗研究生要学英语吗随着全球化的迅速发展，英语在国际交流中的重要性越来越突出。
作为全球最重要的语言之一，英语在学术研究、跨国商务、国际合作等领域中起着重要的作用。
因此，作为一名研究生，学习英语是必不可少的。
以下是我认为研究生需要学习英语的几个原因。
首先，英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。
无论是在学术界还是在商业领域，有良好的英语沟通能力将会给研究生带来巨大的好处。
在学术研究中，大量的研究论文和学术资料都是用英语写的。
如果研究生不懂英语，将无法阅读和理解这些重要的文献，从而无法跟上最新的发展和进展。
此外，在国际会议上，英语是主要的交流语言，研究生需要使用英语来与其他研究人员分享他们的研究成果和想法。
因此，学习英语对于从事学术研究的研究生来说是至关重要的。
其次，英语在职业发展中有着重要的地位。
在全球化的背景下，越来越多的跨国公司要求员工具备良好的英语沟通能力。
学习英语可以为研究生提供更广阔的就业机会。
许多国际企业有着多元文化的工作环境，需要与全球各地的员工和客户进行沟通和合作。
拥有流利的英语口语和书写能力可以让研究生在这样的工作环境中更加自信和有竞争力。
此外，英语也是全球商务谈判和合作的重要工具。
研究生如果想从事国际合作和商务领域，掌握英语将不可或缺。
最后，学习英语有助于研究生提升自己的综合能力。
学习一门新的语言需要很多的阅读、听力、口语和写作训练。
这些训练可以锻炼研究生的学习能力、思维能力和表达能力。
同时，学习英语还可以拓宽研究生的知识面和视野，了解不同国家和文化的背景。
这样的综合能力对于研究生的学术研究、人际交往和职业发展都有着积极的影响。
综上所述，作为一名研究生，学习英语是必须的。
良好的英语能力不仅有助于研究生的学术研究和职业发展，而且还提升了他们的综合能力。
因此，研究生应该重视英语学习，提升自己的英语能力。
研究生英语词汇表
研究生英语词汇表A1、Aberration n.失常events that were aberrations from the norm.不合常规的事件a mental aberration精神失常stealing chocolate in a moment of aberration一时糊涂偷了巧克力2、allure v.吸引Promises of quick profits allure the unwary investor.能很快收得到利润的承诺吸引了心存侥幸的投资者charms that still allure.仍然有吸引力的魅力allure sb. from诱使(某人)离开...allure (sb.) into [to]把(某人)诱入, 骗进They allured her into a snare.他们诱她落入圈套。
3、amity n.友好, 亲善关系He lives in amity with his neighbours.他和他的邻居相处得很和睦。
They parted in amity.他们很友好地分别了。
4、analogous adj.类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的This proposal was analogous to/with the one we discussed at the last meeting.这项提案与上次会议上我们讨论过的那份提案相似。
5、anomaly n.不规则, 异常的人或物“NASA's system for tracking anomalies for flight readiness reviews failed”(Presidential Commission Report on the Challenger Disaster)“在飞行准备阅兵式中，美国航空及太空总署的异常情况追踪系统失败了”(关于挑战者灾难的总统委员会报告)“Both men are anomalies: they have . . . likable personalities but each has made his reputation as a heavy”(David Pauly)“两个人都很特别：他们有…相似的个性但每个人都有他自己的性格”(戴维·保利)the anomaly of English spelling英语拼法的不规则6、angular adj.有角的an angular face.瘦削的脸庞an angular gait.笨拙的步法“the cold, angular brand of materialism”(David K. Willis)“唯物主义冷淡而刻板的标记”(戴维K.威利斯)7、apathy n.缺乏感情或兴趣, 冷漠He has an apathy to food.他不思饮食。
研究生入门英语(考试总结)
1.2:Grammar & Writing Skills
Tense Pairs Signalling Language Passive/Active Paragraphing
1.2.1 Tense Pairs
Present Continuous/Present Simple/Past Simple
Where does the tense change? And why?
However, although the effect of the rubber particles on the mechanical properties of copolymer systems was demonstrated over two years ago, little attention was paid to the selection of an appropriate rubber component.
(a) Although (b) Despite (a) Even though (b) In spite of (a) Though (b) Regardless of (b) Notwithstanding
(c) nevertheless (c) however (c) yet (c) nonetheless (c) even so
1.1.3 The shape of a research article/thesis:
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
(What you did/used)
central report section
Results
(What you found)
研究生学位英语考试试题
2005年1月份研究生学位课英语统考试题Paper OnePart I ：Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points )Section A (1 point each)1.A: He refuses to help the woman. B: He can‘t handle the equipment by himself.C: He thinks some other people can do it better.D; He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.2.A: His colleagues have contributed a lot. B: All of his colleagues congratulated him.C. The award has been given to his colleagues. D He doesn‘t deserve the honor.3. A: He dislike Jack‘s name. B He doesn‘t care who Jack is.C He doesn‘t know Jack well.D He dislikes Jack.4. A: The man is cracking a joke on her.B It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.C The man is out of his mind about the old vase.D The man has run into a great fortune.5. A: He can‘t find a good idea about the problem. B He feels hopeless about the project.C He has encountered another problem.D He is going to give up the project.6. A: It is worthwhile. B It has a very tight schedule.C It was a waste of time.D It took him too much time on the road.7. A: It‘s useless to talk to the professor. B The professor is often unfair.C The man has done well enough.D The man can‘t be be tter next time.8. A The man should not say things like that. B The man should fight back.C The man should show his anger openly.D The man should not complain openly.9. A: She was injured in the shoulder. B She disliked the people who attended the party.C She was laughed at for her behaviour.D She was unpopular at the party.Section B (1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A: Improving the conditions of farm animals. B: Increasing the production of farm animals.C: Regulating the food marketing system.D: Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.11. A: Because they want to save more money. B: Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.C Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.D Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.12. A: Chickens should be kept in clean places. B: Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes.C: Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.D Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.Mini-talk Two13. A: Under the mountains is the state of Nevada.B: At the power centers in almost forty states.C: Under the deep ocean . D Near the inactive volcanoes.14. A: People object to burying it at the power centers.B: The power centers have no more space to store it.C: It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.D: The new site is the estate of the federal government.15. A; There are active volcanoes nearby. B: Some people still live in the area.C: The area is close to Las Vegas. D The area is geographically unsafe.Section C (1 point each)You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions (请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上.) 16．What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?Part I Vocabulary Section A1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseasstudy.A frustratedB formulatedC fabricatedD facilitated2.Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A agreementB consensus Cpermission D support3. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.A pull outB pull upC pull inD pull over4. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.A detectableB triflingC inexcusableD magnificent5. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.A directB proceedingC verticalD successive6. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.A difficultB sustainableC externalD unpredictable7. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.A restrictB reduceC increaseD stabilize8. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative .A efficientB conventionalC economicalD unique.9. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.A pay offB get offC dispose ofD run off10. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.A brought forwardB brought aboutC brought downD brought inSection B :11. As females in their 40s tend to ____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.A take onB hold onC carry onD put on12. The shop-owner took a load of ____-crusted bread and handed it to the child.A fragileB crispC vagueD harsh13. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.A on the point ofB on the grounds ofC on the advice ofD on the part of14.These intelligence officers tried a ___ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.A combinationB collaborationC convictionD confrontation15. The terminally ill patient lying in the ___ care unit was kept alive on life support.A apprehensiveB intensiveC extensiveD comprehensive16. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ____.A ice-breakingB eye-catchingC painstakingD soul-touching17. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ___ brilliant high school students.A intellectuallyB intelligiblyC intelligentlyD intimately18. When a heavy vehicle is ___ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.A involvedB stuckC interferedD specialized19. A risk or effect may diminish ___, but it may also increase for some reason.A at willB over timeC under wayD so far20. It‘s in your best ____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.A sakeB benefitC advantageD interestPart II. Cloze―Techno-stress‖----frustration arising from pressure to use new technology----is said to be 21 , reports Maclean‘s magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 22 ―the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 23 of work and home life as a result of 24 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.‖ How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 25 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 26 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. ― 27 time each day to turn the technology off,‖ and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 28 attention. ―People start the day by making the 29 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of wo rking to a plan,‖ notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp. ―The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete30 .‖21. A descending B narrowing C mounting D widening22. A pass on B range from C deal with D give up23. A confusion B construction C contribution D conduction24. A creations B promotions C productions D innovations25. A laws B boundaries C deadlines D barriers26. A convenience B advantages C flexibility D complexity27. A Put forward B Put across C Put aside D Put up28. A prior B major C senior D superior29. A fragmental B fictional C fractional D fundamental30. A relaxation B entertainment C rubbish D hobbyPart III. Reading ComprehensivePassage OneThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new Industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concern about genetically engineered crops.―In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,”says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.―A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato…‖ Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer adesired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. ―We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31. According to the author, biotech companies are ______A mostly specialized in agriculture.B those producing seeds of better propertiesC mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops.D likely to have big returns in their business.32. Now biotech products are made ____.A within the limits of natural genetics .B by violating laws of natural genetics.C without the interference of humans.D safer than those without the use of biotechnology33. In nature, genetic diversity is created ____A by mixing different speciesB within the species itselfC through natural selectionD through selection or contest34.Biotechnoly has made it possible ____A for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world.B for plants to be produced with genes of humans.C for humans to assume the cold-resistant property.D to grow crops with the taste of farm animals.35. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ____A the species of creatures will be reduced. D we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases.B our living environment will be better than it is now.C humans will pay for its side effect.36. T he author‘s attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described ____A optimisticB pessimisticC concernedD suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions duringthis period include French authors V oltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocates the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human right issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoint, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.37. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _________A death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.B people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.C death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.D many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.38. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A People began to criticize their government.B The government was unjust in this period.C People began to realize the value of life.D Social critics were very active at that time.39. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ____A was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty.B was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment.C was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals.D first raised the theory against capital punishment.40. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ___.A violates human rights regulations.B is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC is just the revenge for terrible crimes.D involves killing without mercy.41. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty _____A agree that it is a human rights issueB agree that it can prevent crimes.C explain its statistical analyses differentlyD think that they are asked different types of questions.42. The author‘s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _____A supportiveB criticalC neutralD contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common----although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.The key to a bear‘s survival is finding enough food to satisfy the en ergy demands of its largesize. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears----their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear‘s body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 380C to as low as -30C.43. Most bears live alone because _________A they don‘t want to keep a social network.B each bear feeds on different kinds of food.C male and female bears can‘t tolerate each other.D they don‘t want other bears to share th eir food.44.According to the passage, bears of the same sex ____A can get along with each other peacefully.B share their range with each other.C live in an area partly shared in common.D can‘t live peacefully in the same area.45.As is told about bears in the passage, we know that _____A it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees.B a bear can long remember where it has found food.C all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey.D all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals.46. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because ____A their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding.B they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season.C they need to convert their fat into energy in winter.D they can‘t find enough food in the cold season.47. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______A animals in hibernation don‘t wake up easily.B animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply.C the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn‘t change.D animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions.48. The passage is mainly about ___.A the species of bearsB the food category of bearsC the winter sleep of bearsD the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door--- he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---- didn‘t seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a larg e room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eightmen, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one‘s early childhood--- a sunlight encountered later only in one‘s dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace , and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect ---and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give ---and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow , but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and read more of what I had written, than I had expected , and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversations, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I don‘t know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no ----the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him ---- his worshipers‘ joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.49.Which of the following is the best alternative word f or ―imposing‖?A EnthusiasticB HostileC ImpressiveD Anxious50. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A TranquilB SolemnC ChaoticD Stressful51.How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A DelightedB AstonishedC EmbarrassedD Scared52. Which of the following statements is true about the author?A He talked little.B He was puzzledC He enjoyed the conversationD He got more respect than he deserved.53. The man didn‘t get deeply involved in any subject because they ____A had little knowledgeB didn‘t know one another well.C wanted to relax themselvesD awaited the arrival of someone important54. What can we learn about Elijah?A He was admired by others.B He was very handsome.C He was a man with determinationD He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingapore‘s Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond‘s tool man, Q.It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $ 5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took justone day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singapore garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substance on contact.Much of the agency‘s work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency‘s most critical assignmen ts, because Singapore is a nation of 5 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that seems that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.55. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably________A a mechanic in James Bond‘s garage.B a fictional Australian with spiky hair.C a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD An imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment.56. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA true?A It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.B It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality lab.C It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.D It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.57. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because ___A it is made of a new material resembling plastics.B it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it.C it has been adapted to the tropical weather there.D its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment.58. Which of the following is Not mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?A Smaller soldiersB Smaller populationC Limited defense budgetD Limited natural resources59. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show ____A what DSTA has done to meet the country‘s special needs.B how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be.C why it is difficult for Q to compete with CHoo Hui Weing .D how Singapore‘s technology is superior to that of the British.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ____A analyze Singapore‘s defense system.B summarize the contributions of DSTA.C introduce the technical advantages of a small country.D describe the roles and achievements of a government agency.Paper Two Part IV TranslationSection AQuitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. Section B人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性. 为实现长期可持续发展, 发达国家应不惜代价减少温室气体的排放. 如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变, 东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍.Part V Writingwrite a compositions of no less than 150 words under the title of “Knowledge from books and knowledge from experience” . Your composit ion should be based on the following outline:1Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. 2．Explain which source is more important?Answer1-10 CDABD, ACCAB, 11-20 DBDAB, DABBD 21-30 CBADB, DCADC31-40 DBBBA, CBCBD, 41-50 CCDDB, DADCA 51-60 DADAD, CBCABTranslation : Section BThere is a growing realization/awareness that developing environment-protecting products really counts. To fulfil the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrese the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago.2005年6月研究生学位英统考试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension（25 minutes, 20 points ）Section A (1 point each)1.A: To ask his boss for leave. B: To work in his place.C To meet his friend at the airport.D To cover his absence from his boss.2. A; He doesn’t want to go to the show, as he is not interested in it.B: He is not free to go to the fashion show with the woman.C He can’t go with the woman, as he has to finish his paper.D he can’t go with the woman, as he has a pile of paperwork to do.3. A: He has been pretty busy. B: He has been mad.。
研究生用英语怎么说
研究生用英语怎么说研究生是高等教育的一种学历，以研究生为最高学历，研究生毕业后，也可称研究生，含义为具有研究生学历的人。
在中国大陆地区，普通民众习惯将硕士研究生称为“研究生”，将博士研究生称为“博士”。
那么你知道研究生用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
研究生英语说法1：postgraduate研究生英语说法2：graduate student研究生的相关短语：研究生班Postgraduate courses ; Graduate class ; graduate class研究生文凭课程Postgraduate Diploma ; graduate diploma ;Postgraduate Diploma in Education研究生指导教师 faculty adviser ; Graduate Teacher ; graduate teacher/research supervisor faculty adviser ; research supervisor faculty adviser研究生导师graduate student tutor ; graduate teacher ; graduate student supervisor ; students' tutor研究生学院Graduate School ; Graduate Studies ; Faculty of Graduate Studies ; Graduate College研究生奖学金 graduate fellowship ; fellowship ; Postgraduate Scholarships ; Scholarship for Postgraduate研究生教育证书 PGCE ; Postgraduate Certificate in Education ; postgraduate certificate of education研究生毕业证 graduate diploma ; graduate degrees diploma 硕士研究生Postgraduate Student ; Master ; Postgraduate ; Graduate student研究生的英语例句：1. Graduate status is the minimum requirement for entry to the teaching profession.研究生学历是从事教学工作的最低要求。
研究生综合英语(翻译+答案)
Unit One An Image or a MirageV.TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。
他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。
这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。
就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。
我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。
再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。
然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。
我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。
这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。
不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。
他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。
B.If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “Y ou are what you think you are. ” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others.No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, theimage you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation.Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’ re a winnerin order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved.Unit Two Is Love An Art?V.TranslationA.学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There’s nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you.1,the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in2disabled access to buildings,facilitating hygiene in required areas and helping provide general3to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in1960after being invented six years previously by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt.They started out as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown their benefits have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particularly useful in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors act as crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples’way.They give us one less thing to tackle during daily life and the occasional quick escape.As well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area occupied by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these allow smaller buildings to maximise the usablespace inside without the need to clear the way for a large,protruding door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each relying on specific signals to tell them when to open.Although these methods differ,the main principles remain the same.Each automatic door system analyses the light,sound,weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to complement the different environments they are needed in.18,a busy street might not19a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure-sensitive mat would be more20to limit the surveyed area.1.A.Through B.Despite C.Besides D.Without2.A.revealing B.demanding C.improving D.tracing3.A.experience B.convenience C.guidance D.reference4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.11.A.B.C.D.12.A.B.C.D.13.A.B.C.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.16.A.B.C.D.17.A.B.C.D.18.A.B.C.D.For example19.A.B.C.D.suit20.A.B.C.D.appropriateSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Nearly2,000years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nailhoard was discovered in1960in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on10tons of weapon-grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith’s labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes.The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by90%between the late1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven’t changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would beabsurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of everyday objects: their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing I’ve learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it’s the cheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had a few niche uses until they became cheap; now they are transforming the global energy system.21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake ofA.saving them for future use.B.keeping them from rusting.C.letting them grow in value.D.hiding them from the locals.22.The example of early17th century Virginians is used toA.highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.B.illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.C.contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.D.show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.23.What played the major role in lowing the price of nails after the late1700s?A.Increased productivity.B.Wider use of new energies.C.Fiercer market competition.D.Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be learned from Paragraph5that nailsA.have undergone many technological improvements.B.have remained basically all the same since Roman times.C.are less studied than other everyday products.D.are one of the world’s most significant inventions.25.Which of the following best summaries the last two paragraphs?A.Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.B.Technological innovation is integral to economic success.C.Technology defines people’s understanding of the world.D.Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters moved by wind,tide and current;the mix of land and water where spots are sometimes dry,sometimes wet.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species from birds and fish to mammals and worms while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructivestorm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a5-4conservative majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a"continuous surface connection"to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope(after more than a half-century of differing interpretation of"navigable waters"under Republican and Democratic administrations alike)was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as even Trump-appointed Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that sooften come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York, West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett v.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.And so we would call on President Joe Biden and Congress to restore this much-needed EPA authority under the Clean Water Act and protect the nation's wetlands–and with them the safety of our water supply,aquatic species and recreational spaces as well as flood protections.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors. And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example, aren't thinking about next year's blue crab,oyster or rockfishharvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their Lackawanna County fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.And so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can't offer them a trip to the Chesapeake Bay model. It's been gone since the1980s but perhaps a visit to Blackwater National WildlifeRefuge in Dorchester County where American bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph1as.A.a valuable natural environment.B.a controversial conservation area.C.a place with commercial potential.D.a headache for nearby communities.37.The U.S.Supreme Court’s ruling in the Idaho case.A.reinforces water pollution control.B.weakens the EPA’s regulatory power.C.will end conflicts among local residents.D.may face opposition from mining operators.38.How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?A.Worried.B.Puzzled.C.Relieved.D.Encouraged.39.What can be inferred about the EPA’s involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?A.It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.B.It has triggered a radial reform in commercial fishers.C.It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.D.It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should.A.be cautious about the influence of land owners.B.attach due importance to wetlands protections.C.recongnize the need to expand wildlife refuges.D.improve the wellbeing of endangered species.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions41–45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A–H and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A,E,and H have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.It is clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolen artifacts.B.It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.C.Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts’copies after the originals are returned.D.Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects.E.The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else.F.Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful.G.Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)The African savanna elephant,also known as the African bush elephant,is distributed across37African countries.(46)They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and are very good at working out where other elephants are--even when they are out of sight.(47)The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.(48)One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49)The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Read the following email from an international student and write a reply.Dear Li Ming,I’ve got a class assignment to make an oral report on an ancient Chinese scientist, but I’m not sure how to prepare for it.Can you give me some advice?Thank you for your help.Yours,PaulWrite your answer in about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in your email;use“Li Ming”instead.(10points) Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on the picture and the chart below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture and the chart briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give your comments.Write your answer in160–200words on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)。
研究生英语演讲稿5篇
研究生英语演讲稿5篇研究生英语演讲稿（篇1）choice and processgood morning, ladies and gentlemen:my topic is about choice and process today. a research shows that a man has to make 73 choices one so many choices one day,people easily get so confused and afraid of making wrong choice that they hesitate and finally miss the true part of life. in my opinion, the following part is of much more importance than the choice. there is no absolute right or wrong choice but wonderful or boring life, which the process makes the difference.life is a box of chocolate never know what you will get.forrest gump made no decision by and for himself ,but he accomplished great success with his strong will in the process. the process is not the road itself but the attitudes and feelings ,the caution, courage and persistance we have as we encounter new experience and unexpected obstacles. take myself as an example,i changed my major when ibecame a postgraduate. after the choice, days have been harsh for me . i cannot understand the new lessons at all. for they areclosely related to mathmatics which i learned nothingabout before. however the belief that this is thegreat chance for me to experience new ideas and challenge myself, i persisted. i asked for help from every channel and reorganized my ually i could understand some parts and even found that maths interesting, i learned to act instead of complaining. in retrospect, the choice left no trace in my mind but the happiness and bitterness of the past four months becomes an unforgetable experience in my life.no matter what the choice is, enjoy the process. inthe process, your potential will be inspired and new discoveries ,improvement and progress will come to you. these are the most beautiful sceneries and only on the way can you see it. these make your life colorful.there is no need and i don’t want to judge whether it right or wrong for me to be here. but i congratulateto myself for i gain and enjoy this fantastic experience. so my dear friends ,never worry about your choice and enjoy the process .i am sure you will get something new and interestingafter you chose to come here. thank you!研究生英语演讲稿（篇2）Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, my name is Zhang Botao, I am from Shaanxi University of Science & Technology.When I stand here to deliver my speech, I’m a little worried about my cell phone and also yours. I’mafraid that one of them may suddenly ring loudly sothat my fascinating speech will probably beinterrupted by SIMENS, NOKIA, MOTOROLA or PANDA. And this is just one possible result caused by economic globalization. No matter if you admit it or not, weare now all in a global village and economic globalization is here to stay.Nowadays, economic globalization is being referred to more and more. I don’t know who first invented the word, but undoubtedly, it is steadily and inexorably becoming more and more common and important. It covers our world so quickly, just like influenza. As Charles Darwin noted: Survival of the fittest. In order to adapt to this great and global reform, I think, there must be something important and urgent we need to do, for every nation, every corporation, and even to every person.First, take me for an example. Just ten years ago, I did not know what a computer was, let alone what itcan do. But since 20__, I cannot live without my computer, just like I can’t live without my cell phone! Of course, these great changes are derived from economic globalization, and the rapid development of China. For every Chinese man like me, these rapid changes mean great challenge: Because of economic globalization, many new technologies rushed into China without translation; Because of economic globalization, many unknown software appeared on our desks; And, because of the economic globalization, we must hasten our rhythm of living, working and even resting. The speed of the development of China has beentremendously accelerated, so if we don’t want to be elapsed from this great tidal wave of development, we must understand the meaning of this phrase very clearly: One is never too old to learn.Second, to an enterprise in China, it also means a problem concerning survival. Our entrance to WTO has paved the way for many super universal corporations to enter the economic market of China. This means the competition in our domestic market will be much more brutal than ever before. If our state enterprises and other companies don’t adjust to this global reform and get used to the more and more cruel competition, surely they will be elapsed in thisblood-red economic battle. If you want your company to stand up at last, I think the most important thing for you to do is that, “Firm your confidence and welcome the great coming challenge.”Third, as globalization is gradually knitting separate national economies into a single one, if one nation would like to stand up and develop during these global changes, it must effectively carry out some economical and political reforms. For example, reducing the tax to attract more international organizations to invest in our country, or do some political reforms, to cater for some important international organizations. Maintaining an average 8% economic increase rate per year needs not only effective and promising economic policy, but also the prudent leadership.Economic globalization brings us not only a great challenge, but also a great chance to develop. It brings us a great potential of international corporations and makes them take roots and develop in China. And this will create new job opportunities for our huge labor market. If we can strengthen ourselves and take the chance, I promise, China’s development will be hastened greatly, and China will become the leader of economic globalization of the world!by botao研究生英语演讲稿（篇3）my backgroundi was born in a small village of shan dong province on april 4th， 1968。
研究生英语25篇译文
01 The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tune r’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.01音乐的语言画家将已完成的作品挂在墙上，每个人都可以观赏到。
研究生学位英语考试复习资料(英译汉部分)
研究生学位英语考试复习资料（英译汉部分）研究生英语精读教程（第三版上）Unit 11.That story brings a smile , because it pokes fun at a common type of self-defeatist thinking. 这个故事让我发笑，因为这个故事它讽刺了普遍存在的悲观者的思维方式。
2.If those thoughts spell gloom and doom , that’s where you’re headed , because put-down words sabotage confidence instead if offering support and encouragement.如果这些想法意味着黑暗或毁灭，那么你就会走向黑暗和毁灭，因为贬低的话语使人丧失信心而不是给人以支持与勇气。
3.Hearing her fears and foreboding read out loud made sue realize how much energy she was squandering on imagined catast rophes. If you’ve been feeling down, it could be you’re sending yourself negative message too. Listen to the words churning inside your head. Repeat them aloud or write them down, if that will help capture them.听到自己的恐惧和不祥的感觉被说出来，使苏意识到她在那些虚构的灾难上浪费了如此多的精力。
如果你感觉不好，是你在给自己传递消极的信息。
倾听你的想法。
大声地重复或者写下来，假如这样做有助于能捕获到它们的话。
研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考
研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考在研究生阶段，英语考试是一个重要的环节，对于考生来说，通过考试取得一个高分是他们追求的目标。
因此，了解研究生英语考试试题及答案是非常必要的。
下面是一些常见的研究生英语考试试题及答案的参考。
第一部分：听力理解（共四节，每节5小题，每题1分，满分20分）请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。
1. What does the man want to do?A. Go to a movie.B. Go shopping.C. Go dancing.2. How does the woman feel about her trip?A. Excited.B. Nervous.C. Disappointed.3. What does the man mean?A. He can solve the problem.B. He doesn't know how to help.C. He agrees with the woman's idea.4. What is the woman going to do?A. Call the police.B. Help the man.C. Fix the faucet.5. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Ask her neighbor for help.B. Call a repairman.C. Watch a video online.请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Colleagues.C. Friends.7. How will the woman spend her summer vacation?A. Traveling to Europe.B. Working at a hotel.C. Studying for an exam.8. What is the man's opinion?A. He is impressed by the music.B. He is not interested in the music.C. He thinks the music is boring.9. What do we learn about the woman's husband?A. He's been busy with work.B. He enjoys cooking.C. He recently became a manager.10. What is the woman's problem?A. She can't access the website.B. She can't find her password.C. She needs to update her software.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，每节5小题，每题2分，满分20分）第一节请阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
专业学位硕士研究生英语单词
专业学位硕士研究生英语单词
以下是专业学位硕士研究生英语单词：
1. 学科门类：agriculture 农业，medicine 医学，engineering 工程学，philosophy 哲学，physics 物理学，chemistry 化学，biology 生物学，mathematics 数学，astronomy 天文学，economics 经济学，law 法学，business administration 工商管理，history 历史学，education 教育学，psychology 心理学，sociology 社会学，architecture 建筑学，political science 政治学，linguistics 语言学，accounting 会计学，finance 金融学，journalism 新闻学，publishing 出版学，tourism 旅游学，architecture
工程与技术学科，艺术学，设计学
2. 专业学位：master of science in statistics 统计学专业硕士，master of science in technology innovation management 技术创新管理专业硕士
以上信息仅供参考，如有需要建议查阅研究生招生简章或咨询教育部门。
研究生英语单词表
n.圣母玛利亚,圣母像
whore
n.妓女,嫖客,不道德的人vi.卖淫,为个人利益而采取妥协原则
syndrome
n.综合征，综合症状；（不良情况的）典型表现，典型行为
peccadillo
n.轻罪,小过,小暇疵
osmosis
n.渗透,渗透性，潜移默化
shackle
hand over fist
adv.节节往上地(稳而快地)
Unit 5
mount
n.山峰,乘用马,框,衬纸vi.增长,骑上(马) vt.提升,爬上,装备
en route
adv.在途中
ultimatum
n.最后通牒
chronic
adj.长期的,慢性的,惯常的
clamp
n.螺丝钳,夹子vt.夹住，固定
riot
v.&n.骚乱,闹事vi.闹事,骚乱
escalate
vt.扩大,升高,增强vi.逐步升级
squabble
v.（为琐事）争论，口角n.争论，口角
airborne
adj.空运的,空中传播的,空降的
intone
v. (以拖长的单调音)吟咏,吟咏,唱或吟咏(圣歌)
enlist
v.徵募,参与,支持
charity
sovereign
n.元首,金镑adj.具有主权的,至高无上的,极好的,完全的
settle down
安下心来,定居
verger
n.执权标的人，教堂之司事
vicar
n.教区牧师,教堂牧师,传教牧师
churchwarden
n.教会委员,陶制的长烟斗
congregation
n.集合,会合
研究生英语词汇表
研究生英语词汇表A1、Aberrat ion n.失常eventsthat were aberrat ions from the norm.不合常规的事件a mentalaberrat ion精神失常stealin g chocola te in a momentof aberrat ion一时糊涂偷了巧克力2、allurev.吸引Promise s of quick profits allurethe unwaryinvesto r.能很快收得到利润的承诺吸引了心存侥幸的投资者charmsthat still allure.仍然有吸引力的魅力allu re sb. from诱使(某人)离开...allure(sb.) into [to]把(某人)诱入, 骗进They allured her into a snare.他们诱她落入圈套。
3、amity n.友好, 亲善关系He lives in amity with his neighbo urs.他和他的邻居相处得很和睦。
They partedin amity.他们很友好地分别了。
4、analogo us adj.类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的This proposa l was analogo us to/with the one we discuss ed at the last meeting.这项提案与上次会议上我们讨论过的那份提案相似。
5、anomaly n.不规则, 异常的人或物“NASA's systemfor trackin g anomali es for flightreadine ss reviews failed”(Preside ntialCommiss ion Reporton the Challen ger Disaste r) “在飞行准备阅兵式中，美国航空及太空总署的异常情况追踪系统失败了”(关于挑战者灾难的总统委员会报告)“Bothmenareanomali es: they have . . . likable persona lities but each has made his reputat ionasaheavy”(DavidPauly)“两个人都很特别：他们有…相似的个性但每个人都有他自己的性格”(戴维·保利)the anomaly of English spellin g英语拼法的不规则6、angular adj.有角的an angular face.瘦削的脸庞an angular gait.笨拙的步法“thecold, angular brand of materia lism”(David K. Willis)“唯物主义冷淡而刻板的标记”(戴维K.威利斯)7、apathyn.缺乏感情或兴趣, 冷漠He has an apathyto food.他不思饮食。
研究生英语
How to summarize an article?
• Step one: • take a few minutes to preview the work. • 1. Title • 2. Subtitle • 3. First and last several paragraphs
How to summarize an article?
English
• as a “world language”, the lingua franca (通用语)of the modern era.
How to learn English well?
• Motivation: • Developing a passion for learning English
English for Graduate Students 研究生英语
An Introduction
About me
• 卢玉玲
• yllu@ • 13901663197
Course description
• Textbook • 《研究生英语》 • 曾建彬，卢玉玲主编 • 复旦大学出版社
• Step two: • Read the whole article. Do not slow down or turn back. Mark main points and key supporting details.
How to summarize an article?
• • • • Step three: Reread the important areas. Step four: Take notes on the material
structure
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• On the other hand, examples of ambition also include people working for the good of others such as Martin Luther King and Ghandi. Epstein argues that far from being an evil, ambition is in fact a virtue and necessary for the functioning of society. He argues that ambition involves much more than just “dreams of glory” — it also includes the work and discipline to make those dreams come true. Ambition, says Epstein, is critical for both great leaders and the more humble members of the middle class. Rather than being an evil, ambition is something that brings progress and life to society.
• Perhaps one of the cleverest writers of our times, Epstein specializes in the personal or familiar essay.
• His insightful and penetrating observations and wry prose combine to make him one of the most enjoyable contemporary authors. He has also written short fiction, as well as a number of works of literary criticism.
• His works: • Divorced in America, 1974 • Ambition,1980 • Plausible Prejudices, 1985 • The Middle of My Tether • Family Territory
Introdution to the Text
• He is a teacher in the acclaimed prose, writing fiction, as well as literature classes on Henry James, Willa Cather, and Joseph Conrad. He won the 1998 harold Washington Literary Award for the most prominent man or women of letters in Chicago.
The structure of the texseems a sufficient cause for driving ambition under the counter.
• Part 2 ( para.4-5):What is the worst that can be said about ambition.
• Is ambition good or bad? There are those who argue that ambition is often evil; that “dreams of glory” ( in the words of the author) too often result in selfishness, rivalry, corruption, and a general lack of moral standards. If you are truly ambitious, then your goal — whether fame, wealth, or power — comes before everything else, including your family, other people, and even your own moral values. Hitler is one well-known example of the evils of ambition, and one needn’t look far to find other examples among both public figures and perhaps even our own acquaintances.
The Virtues of Ambition
Introduction to the Author
• Joseph Epstein(1937-), noted essayist,short story author and novelist, was born in Chicago and grew up in Rogers Park. He then attended the University of Chicago and is now a promineng member of the literature faculty at Northwestern University.
• Part 3 ( para.6-7): There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this.
• Part 4 ( para.8-11): To discourage ambition is to discourage dreams of greatness.