塑料模具外文翻译

国内外塑料模具的现状及水平：整体来看，中国塑料模具无论是在数量上，还是在质量、技术和能力等方面都有了很大进步，但与国民经济发展的需求、世界先进水平相比，差距仍很大。

一些大型、精密、复杂、长寿命的中高档塑料模具每年仍需大量进口。

在总量供不应求的同时，一些低档塑料模具却供过于求，市场竞争激烈，还有一些技术含量不太高的中档塑料模具也有供过于求的趋势加入WTO，给塑料模具产业带来了巨大的挑战，同时带来更多的机会。

由于中国塑料模具以中低档产品为主，产品价格优势明显，有些甚至只有国外产品价格的1/5～1/3，加入WTO后，国外同类产品对国内冲击不大，而中国中低档模具的出口量则加大；在高精模具方面，加入WTO前本来就主要依靠进口，加入WTO后，不仅为高精尖产品的进口带来了更多的便利，同时还促使更多外资来中国建厂，带来国外先进的模具技术和管理经验，对培养中国的专业模具人才起到了推动作用。

近年来，中国塑料模具制造水平已有较大提高。

大型塑料模具已能生产单套重量达到50t以上的注塑模，精密塑料模具的精度已达到2μm，制件精度很高的小模数齿轮模具及达到高光学要求的车灯模具等也已能生产，多腔塑料模具已能生产一模7800腔的塑封模，高速模具方面已能生产挤出速度达6m/min以上的高速塑料异型材挤出模具及主型材双腔共挤、双色共挤、软硬共挤、后共挤、再生料共挤出和低发泡钢塑共挤等各种模具。

在生产手段上，模具企业设备数控化率已有较大提高，CAD/CAE/CAM技术的应用面已大为扩展，高速加工及RP/RT等先进技术的采用已越来越多，模具标准件使用覆盖率及模具商品化率都有较大幅度的提高，热流道模具的比例也有较大提高。

另外，三资企业的蓬勃发展进一步促进了塑料模具设计制造水平及企业管理水平的提高，有些企业已实现信息化管理和全数字化无图制造随着模具企业设计和加工水平的提高，模具的制造正在从过去主要依靠钳工的技艺转变为主要依靠技术。

这不仅是生产手段的转变，也是生产方式的转变和观念的上升。

这一趋势使得模具的标准化程度不断提高，模具精度越来越高，生产周期越来越短，钳工比例越来越低，最终促进了模具工业整体水平不断提高。

中国模具行业目前已有10多个国家级高新技术企业，约200个省市级高新技术企业。

与此趋势相适应，生产模具的主要骨干力量从技艺型人才逐渐转变为技术型人才是必然要求。

当然，目前及相当长一段时间内，技艺型人才仍十分重要，因为模具毕竟难以完全摆脱对技艺的依靠。

存在的主要问题中国塑料模具行业和国外先进水平相比，主要存在以下问题。

（1）发展不平衡，产品总体水平较低。

虽然个别企业的产品已达到或接近国际先进水平，但总体来看，模具的精度、型腔表面的粗糙度、生产周期、寿命等指标与国外先进水平相比尚有较大差距。

包括生产方式和企业管理在内的总体水平与国外工业发达国家相比尚有10年以上的差距。

（2）工艺装备落后，组织协调能力差。

虽然部分企业经过近几年的技术改造，工艺装备水平已经比较先进，有些三资企业的装备水平也并不落后于国外，但大部分企业的工艺装备仍比较落后。

更主要的是，企业组织协调能力差，难以整合或调动社会资源为我所用，从而就难以承接比较大的项目。

（3）大多数企业开发能力弱，创新能力明显不足。

一方面是技术人员比例低、水平不够高，另一方面是科研开发投入少；更重要的是观念落后，对创新和开发不够重视。

模具企业不但要重视模具的开发，同时也要重视产品的创新。

（4）供需矛盾短期难以缓解。

近几年，国产塑料模具国内市场满足率一直不足74%，其中大型、精密、长寿命模具满足率更低，估计不足60%。

同时，工业发达国家的模具正在加速向中国转移，国际采购越来越多，国际市场前景看好。

市场需求旺盛，生产发展一时还难以跟上，供不应求的局面还将持续一段时间。

at home and abroad and the present condition of the plastic mould level:The whole, China plastic mould whether in quantity, or in quality, technology and ability has made a great progress, but with the needs of the development of the national economy, the world advanced level, compared to a gap still. Some large, sophisticated, complex, the long life of high-grade plastic mould still need to import a lot of every year. In the total amount of demand exceeding supply at the same time, some cheap plastic mold but supply exceeds demand, market competition is intense, and some technical content is too high middle-grade plastic mould also has the trend of supply exceeds demandJoining the WTO, plastic mold and die industry to bring huge challenge, at the same time bring more opportunities. Because of China's cheap plastic mold to products, product price obvious advantages, some even only 1/5 of the price the foreign product one third to, to join the WTO, foreign similar products to domestic little impact, and cheap Chinese exports of mould is increase; In the high precision mould, before joining the WTO was mainly rely on imports, join WTO, not only for the exquisite products import has brought more convenient, but also lead to more foreign investment to China factory, bring foreign advanced mould technology and management experience, to cultivate Chinese professional mould talents to the role.in recent years, Chinese plastic mould manufacturing conditions have improved greatly. Large plastic mould has produced single set of weight can up to 50 tons of injection mold, precision plastic mould has reached the accuracy of 2 μ m, precision parts high small module gear mould and reach the requirements of the highlights learn lamp mould etc has also can produce, plastic mold cavity has been able to produce a mode of plastic mold cavity 7800, high-speed mold production speed can have up to 6 m/min above the high-speed plastic different profile extrusion die and the dual chamber co-extrusion profiles, double-color coextrusion, soft hard co-extrusion, were crowded, again of extrusion and low foaming raw steel-plastic co-extrusion, etc. V arious kinds of mold. In the production means, mould enterprise equipment to numerical control rate has increased greatly, CAD/CAE/CAM technology has greatly expanded the applications, high speed processing and RP/RT adoption of advanced technologies such as has been more and more, standard mould using coverage and die commercialization rate is greatly improved, the share of mould of hot flow path are improved greatly. In addition, foreign invested enterprise vigorous development of further promoted the plastic mould design and manufacture level and improve the management level of enterprises, some enterprise already informatization management and digital no PIC manufacturing.as mould design and processing enterprises to raise the level of,mould manufacturing is from the past relies mainly on the transformation of the skills of fitter mainly rely on technology. This is not only the means of production change, and change the way of production and the rise of the concept. This is a trend that the standardization of mould continuous improvement, the precision of more and more high, production cycle is more and more short, fitter proportion more and more low, and finally promote the overall level of the die and mould industry is rising. China mold and die industry at present more than 10 national high and new technology enterprise, about 200 ﹑high technology and new technology enterprise. And adapt to the trend, the main production mold backbone strength from skill talented person gradually into technology talents is an inevitable requirement. Of course, now and for quite a long time, and highly talented person still very important, because after all, hard to get rid of mould to skill depend on.existing main problemsChina plastic mould industry and foreign standards, mainly exist in the following questions.(1) the unbalanced development, product overall level is low. Although the individual enterprise products has reached or come close to the advanced international level, but overall, the accuracy, the roughness of the cavity surface, production cycle, life index and international advanced level there is a big gap between compared. Including production mode andthe overall level of enterprise management, with foreign industrial developed countries there are compared for more than 10 years the gap.(2) process equipment backward, organization and coordination ability is poor. Though some of the technological transformation of the enterprise after in recent years, has been more advanced technology and equipment level, some of the foreign invested enterprise level of equipment is not behind abroad, but most of the enterprise process equipment is still lag behind. More importantly, the enterprise coordinated ability is poor, difficult to integrate or transfer of social resources use, thus it will be difficult to undertake larger projects.(3) most enterprise development ability is weak, the innovation is not enough. On the one hand, low level of technical personnel is not quite high, on the other hand is the scientific development less More important concepts backward, insufficient attention to innovation and development. Mould enterprise not only to pay attention to the development of the mould, also want to pay attention to the innovation of the product.(4) short-term relief to the contradiction between supply and demand. In recent years, domestic plastics mould domestic market meet rate has been less than 74%, including a large, precision, long life mold meet more rate low, less than 60% estimate. Meanwhile, industrial developed countries are accelerating the mould transferring to China,international purchasing more and more, the international market has a good prospect. The market demand, production is difficult to keep up with development at that time, in short supply situation will continue for a period of time.。