土木工程专业英语Unit 11 Railway Engineering
(完整版)土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译
Civil EngineeringCivil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment。
This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities。
土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。
此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。
Civil engineers build roads， bridges, tunnels， dams, harbors， power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit， and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations。
They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads， pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial， commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self—contained communities。
土木工程专业英语(苏小卒)课文翻译11、13、15、17单元
Unit 11 第十一单元Steel Members 钢构件Tension members are found in bridge and roof trusses （屋架）, towers, bracing systems, and in situation where they are used as tie rods（连杆）. The selection of a section to be used as a tension member is one of the simplest problems encountered in design. As there is no danger of buckling, the designer needs only to compute the factored force（分解力）to be carried by the member and divide that force by a design stress to determine the effective cross-sectional area required. Then it is necessary to select a steel section（截面）that provides the required area. Though these introductory （介绍性的）calculations for tension members are quite simple, they do serve（完成）the important tasks（目标）of getting students started with design ideas（概念）and getting their “feet wet”regarding（涉足于）the massive（大量的）LRFD Manual.1. Tension Members 受拉构件受拉构件在桥梁和屋架、塔、支撑系统以及用作连杆时被见到。
土木工程专业英语 11 Highway Engineering
As part of general planning, it is decided what the traffic needs of the area will be for a considerable period, generally 20 years, and what construction will meet those needs.
Lesson 11 Highway Engineering
Highway engineering includes highway planning, location, design, and maintenance.
Before the design and construction of a new highway or highway improvement can be undertaken, there must be general planning and consideration of financing.
Users of improved highways benefit from decreased cost of transportation, greater travel comfort, increased safety, and saving of time. They also obtain recreational and educational benefits.
To assess traffic needs the highway engineer collects and analyzes information about the physical features of existing facilities, the volume, distribution, and character of present traffic, and the changes be expected in these factors.
土木工程专业英语(苏小卒)课文翻译7~11单元
Unit 7 第七单元Reinforced Concrete Structures钢筋混凝土结构熟悉institute、association、society的用法；regulation、specification、code的用法；result in、give rise to、lead to的用法；reinforcing bar、reinforcing steel、steel bar、reinforcement的含义；involve、include、cover的用法；due to、stem from、because of的用法；construction、function、compressive、allow、form的不同含义。
Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including the United States and Canada, reinforced concrete is a dominant（主要的）structural material in engineered construction（建造的建筑物）. The universal（通用的）nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from（归因于）the wide availability of reinforcing bars（钢筋）and the constituents（组成部分）of concrete, gravel,sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction（施工）, and the economy（经济性）of reinforced concrete compared to other form of construction. Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, buildings of all sorts（各种各样）, underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures（近海石油开采和生产结构）, dams, and even in ships. 混凝土与钢筋混凝土作为建筑材料在每个国家被使用着。
土木工程专业英语词汇整理完整版
土木工程专业英语词汇整理HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷 volume87 期 number 88 专着 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis, dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署 110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇engineering岩土工程engineering基础工程,earth土mechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基viscous?damping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量dynamics土动力学path应力路径geotechanics数值岩土力学二.土的分类soil残积土groundwaterlevel地水位地下水groundwatertable地下水位miner 粘土矿物minerals次生矿物滑坡?holecolumnarsection 孔柱状图geologicinvestigation工程地质勘漂石?卵石?砂石?sand砾砂sand粗砂sand中砂sand细砂sand粉土soil粘性土粘土?clay粉粘土粉土?silt砂质粉土silt粘质粉土soil饱土soil非饱和土(soil)填土soil超固结土consolidatedsoil正常固结土soil欠固结土soil区域性土clay软粘土(swelling)soil膨土泥炭?黄土?soil冻土ofsaturation饱和度unitweight干重度unitweight湿重度=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsand technicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程会四.渗透性和渗流’slaw达西定律管涌?soil流土boiling砂沸流网渗透（流）渗流?pressure渗透压力渗透性?force渗透力gradient水力梯度ofpermeability渗透系数五.地基应力和变形soil软土2.(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入（负）摩阻力stress有效应力stress总应力vaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度activity低活性灵敏度?test三轴试验design基础设计再压缩capaci 承载力mass土体stress(pressure)接触应力（压力）load集中荷载semi-infiniteelasticsolid半限弹性体均质?各向同性?footing条基spreadfooting方独立基础soil(stratum,strata)下卧层（土）load=sustainedload恒载持续荷载load活载–termtransientload短期瞬时荷载transientload长期荷载load折算荷载沉降?变形?套管?=dyke堤（防）fraction粘粒粒组properties物理性质路基?soil级配良好土soil级配不良土stresses正应力stresses剪应力plane主平面(intermediate,minor)principalstress最大（中、最小）主应力failurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件=finiteelementmethod有限元法equilibriummethod极限平衡法waterpressure孔隙水压力pressure先期固结压力ofcompressibility压缩模量ofcompressibility压缩系数index压缩指数index回弹指数stress自重应力stress附加应力stress总应力settlement最终沉降line滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1excavation 开挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failureoffoundation基坑失稳4bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护5bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起6retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）10deepwellpoint深井点11vacuumwellpoint真空井点12bracedcuts支撑围护13bracedexcavation 支撑开挖14bracedsheeting支撑挡板七.深基础--deepfoundationfoundation桩基础1)cast–in-place灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩boredpile钻孔桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩rammedbulbpile 夯扩桩2)belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamedboredpier3)precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩4)steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheetpile钢板桩5)prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩foundation沉井（箱）wall地下连续墙截水墙pile摩擦桩pile端承桩竖井；桩身?equationanalysis波动方程分析caps承台（桩帽）capacityofsinglepile单桩承载力pileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验lateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限载力loadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验allowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载力pilecap低桩承台pilecap高桩承台ultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩拔极限承载力piling静力压桩pile抗拔桩pi 抗滑桩groups群桩factorofpilegroups群桩效率系数（η）ofpilegroups群桩效应piletesting桩基动测术set最后贯入度loadtestofpile桩动荷载试验integritytest桩的完整性试验head=butt桩头tip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端（头）spacing桩plan桩位布置图ofpiles=pilelayout桩的布置action群桩作用bearing=tipresistance桩端(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻cushion桩垫driving(byvibration)（振动）桩pullingtest拔桩试验shoe桩靴noise打桩噪rig打桩机九.固结consolidation’sconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论’sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论’sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论consolidationration(OCR)超固结比soil超固结土porewaterpressure超孔压力consolidation多维固结consolidation一维固结consolidation主固结consolidation次固结ofconsolidation固结度test固结试验curve 结曲线factorTv时间因子ofconsolidation固结系数pressure前期固结压力ofeffectivestress有效应力原理underK0conditionK0固结十.抗剪强度shearstrength shearstrength不排水抗剪强度strength残余强度strength长期强度strength 峰值强度strainrate剪切应变速率剪胀?stressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法stressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法theory莫尔－库仑理论ofinternalfriction内摩擦角粘聚力?criterion 破坏准则strength十字板抗剪强度compression无侧限抗压强度stressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线stressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutivemodelmodel弹性模型elasticmodel非线性弹性模型model弹塑性模型model粘弹性模型surfacemodel边界面模型model邓肯－张模型plasticmodel刚塑性模型model盖帽模型softening加工软化hardening加工硬化model剑桥模型elastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型yieldcriterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则surface屈服面half-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型modulus弹性模量foundationmodel文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearingcapacityoffoundationsoilshearfailure冲剪破坏shearfailure整体剪切破化shearfailure局部剪切破坏oflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态edgepressure临塑荷载offoundationsoil地基稳定性bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载力bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earthpressureearthpressure主动土压力earthpressure被动土压力pressureatrest静止土压力’searthpressuretheo ry库仑土压力理论’searthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slopestabilityanalysis ofrepose休止角method毕肖普法factorofsl 边坡稳定安全系数methodofslices费纽伦斯条法circlemethod瑞典圆弧滑动法method条分十五.挡土墙--retainingwallofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性wall基础墙retainingwall扶壁式挡土墙retainingwall悬臂式挡土墙sheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙retainingwall重力式挡土墙plateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙sheetpilewall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheetpilestructure sheetpile钢板桩concretesheetpile钢筋混凝土板桩piles钢桩sheetpile木板桩piles木桩十七.浅基础--shallowfoundationfoundation 型基础(raft)foundation片筏基础foundatio 形基础footing扩展基础foundation补偿性基stratum持力层foundation刚性基础foundat 柔性基础depthoffoundation基础埋置深度foundationpressure基底附加应力interactionanalysis上部结构－基础－地基共作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamicpropertiesofso strengthofsoils动强度velocitymethod波速damping材料阻尼damping几何阻尼ratio阻尼liquefaction初始液化periodofsoilsite地基有周期shearmodulusofsoils动剪切模量ma二十.地基基础抗震engineering地震工程dynamics土动力学ofearthquake地震持续时间responsespectrum地震反应谱intensity地震度magnitude震级predominantperiod地震卓周期accelerationofearthquake地震最大加速二十一.室内土工实验pressureconsolidationtest高压固结试验underK0conditionK0固结试验headpermeabil 变水头试验headpermeability常水头渗透试验triaxialtest不固结不排水试验(UU) undrainedtriaxialtest固结不排水试验(CU) drainedtriaxialtest固结排水试验(CD)test击实试验quickdirectsheartest固结快剪试验directsheartest快剪试验draineddirectsheartest慢剪试验analysis筛分析modeltest土工模型试验modeltest离心模型试验shearapparatus直剪仪sheartest直剪试验simplesheartest直接单剪试验triaxialtest三轴试验simpleshear动单剪（resonance）vibrationcolumntest自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试penetrationtest(SPT)标准贯入试验wavetest(SWT)表面波试验penetrationtest(DPT)动力触探试验conepenetration(SPT)静力触探试验loadingtest 静力荷载试验loadtestofpile单桩横向载荷试验loadtestofpile单桩竖向荷载试验test跨孔试验platetest螺旋板载荷试验test旁压试验sounding轻便触探试验settlementmeasurement 深层沉降观测sheartest十字板剪切试验permeabilitytest现场渗透试验porewaterpressuremeasurement原位孔隙水压量测soiltest原位试验。
土木工程专业英语完整版本
Contents
The engineers determine pipeline design, the economic and environmental impact of a project on regions it must traverse, the type of materials to be used-steel, concrete, plastic, or combination of various materials installation techniques, methods for testing pipeline strength, and controls for maintaining proper pressure and rate of flow of materials being transported.
结构工程是最重要的一个专业，它包括：将结构的不同部分进行 定位和布置，从而形成一个确定的形式以获得最好的利用；确定结 构必须抵抗的力，结构的自重，风和飓风，使施工材料产生的膨胀 和收缩的温度变化，以及地震力。
Contents
They also determine the combination appropriate materials: steel, concrete, plastic, stone, asphalt, brick, aluminum, or other construction materials.
Structural engineering is the most important specialization, it includes: positioning and arranging the various parts of the structure into a definite form to achieve best utilization； determining the forces that a structure must resist, its own weight, wind and hurricane forces, and temperature change that expand or contract construction materials, and earthquake.
[中英]土木工程专业英语词汇
![[中英]土木工程专业英语词汇](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/68d33d03e55c3b3567ec102de2bd960591c6d957.png)
土木工程专业英语词汇第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
2. 工程结构设计design of building and civil engineering structures在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
3. 房屋建筑工程building engineering一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 公路工程highway engineering为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
6. 铁路工程railway engineering为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
7. 港口与航道工程port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
8. 水利工程hydraulic engineering为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
9. 水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。
土木工程常用英语翻译
土木工程常用翻译工程结构 building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
工程结构设计 design of building and civil engineeringstructures在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
房屋建筑工程 building engineering一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
土木工程 civil engineering除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
公路工程 highway engineering为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
铁路工程 railway engineering为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
港口与航道工程 port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
水利工程 hydraulic engineering为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
水利发电工程（水电工程） hydraulic and hydroelectricengineering以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。
建筑物（构筑物） construction works房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。
Lesson 11 Highway Engineering(土木工程专业英语)
利用航空拍摄技术的摄影制图方法被广泛地利用起来显示 大型工程的地形特征，在大型工程中采用这种方法是最经济的。
土木工程专业英语
5
Highway Engineering
On small projects, ground-mapping methods are preferred.
对于小型工程，就宁可选择地面制图方法。
4
Highway Engineering
The detailed design is normally begun only when the preferred location has been chosen.
按惯例，只有当更好的线位被选择以后，才开始详细设计。
In selecting the best route, careful consideration is given to the traffic requirements, terrain to be traversed, value of land needed for the right-ofway, and estimated cost of construction for the various plans.
土木工程专业英语
Lesson 11 Highway Engineering 公路工程
New words and phrases:
abutting 邻结；依靠 speculative 推理的；揣摩的 traverse 穿过；横跨 recreational 娱乐设施；消遣 logically 逻辑上的 gradation 等级；阶段 expressway 高速公路 compact 紧凑；简洁 accommodate 调节；适应 frequency 频率 caliche 硝酸钠 oyster 牡蛎 bituminous 含沥青的
土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语第一篇：土木工程专业英语水力学 hydraulics水泥 cement桁架 truss 沥青 bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength 非线性nonlinear桩pile刚性rigid隧道tunnel砾石 gravel柱子 column力 force位移 displacement线性的 linear砂浆 mortar弹性 elastic塑性plastic沉降 settlement 弯矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear 正应力 normal stress路面 pavement钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉强度 tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 土木工程civil engineering岩体力学rock mass mechanics粒径grain diameter 容许应力allowable stress土力学soil mechanics斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 water-cement ratio 民用建筑civil architecture地质成因geologic origin临界截面choking section岩土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服点 yield point横截面(transverse)cross section 安全系数 safety factor抗剪强度 shear strength反复试验 trial and error预应力混凝土priestessed concrete先张法pretensioning concrete 后张法post-tensioning concrete 土质勘测soil investiagation在这两种应力中，前者是压应力，后者是拉应力。
土木工程专业英语(第二版_段兵延)第11课
土木工程专业英语
2
Highway Engineering
Highway engineering includes highway planning, location, design, and maintenance.
公路工程包括公路规划、定位、设计和维修。
利用航空拍摄技术的摄影制图方法被广泛地利用起来显示 大型工程的地形特征，在大型工程中采用这种方法是最经济的。
土木工程专业英语
5
பைடு நூலகம்
Highway Engineering
On small projects, ground-mapping methods are preferred.
The environmental study or report covers many factors, including noise generation, air pollution, disturbance of areas traversed, destruction of existing housing, and possible alternate routes.
对于小型工程，就宁可选择地面制图方法。
Financing considerations determine whether the project can be carried out at one time or whether construction must be in stages, with each stage initiated as funds become available.
abutting joint 对接, 毗连接头 abutting lot 相邻地段 10. accommodate 供应，提供，容纳，适应 如：accommodate oneself to 使自己适应于 accommodate oneself to new conditions 适应新的情况 accommodate sb. with 向某人提供 16. adverse 相反的，不利的，敌对的，逆的 如：adverse altitude (跳伞)不利高度 adverse circumstances 逆境 adverse conditions 不利条件， 有害状态 adverse current 逆流
土木工程英语(全面完整版)
专业英语的结构特点及其翻译
① 顺译法：依照英语原文顺序依次译出 In the course of designing a structure, you have to take into consideration what kind of load the above mentioned structure will be subjected to, where on the structure the said load will do what is expected and whether the load on the structure is put into position all of a sudden or applied by degree. 结构设计时，你必须考虑到设计的结构受到什么样 的荷载，这一荷载在结构的什么位置起（预计 的）作用，以及这一荷载是突然施加，还是逐 渐加到结构指定位置的。
glossary
• 100 major words
• 土木工程专业常用英语词汇
第一节 一般术语
• 1. 工程结构 building and civil engineering structures 房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分 的总称。 2. 房屋建筑工程 building engineering 一般称建筑工程。 3. 土木工程 civil engineering 除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、 构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施 工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 4. 公路工程 highway engineering 5. 铁路工程 railway engineering 6. 港口与航道工程 port ( harbor ) and waterway engineering 7. 建筑物（构筑物） construction works 房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。 8. 地基 foundation soil • 9. 木结构 timber structure 10. 工业建筑 industrial building；民用建筑 civil building; civil architecture
土木工程专业英语正文课文翻译1.
第一课土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。
此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。
土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。
他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。
此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。
土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。
在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。
自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。
领域。
因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。
不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。
一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。
岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。
环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。
交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。
同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。
从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。
根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。
贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。
计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。
(完整版)土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译
Civil EngineeringCivil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。
此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。
Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities.土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。
（土木工程专业英语课件）LESSON11
INTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNSINTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNSThey are structural members which carry loads that are applied at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the member.INTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNSINTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNSContractionRollerHingeINTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNSContractionRollerHingeINTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNSIn the process of beam design, we will be concerned initially with the bending moment in the beam. The bending moment is produced in the beam by the loads it supports. Other effects, such as shear or deflection, may eventually control the design of the beam and will have to be checked. But usually moment is critical and it is, therefore of initial concern.INTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS梁是结构中最常见的构件作为结构构件，梁承受垂直与构件轴线的荷载INTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS受荷造成梁弯曲本文中，我们视梁不受轴向力图11-1a和b 表示一些梁应用的典型例子INTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNSidealized form将构件理想化会便于分析或者设计一根梁（或其它结构构件mathematically 理想模型虽不同但非常接近实际构件，它的优点是可以用数学方法处理INTRODUCTION OF BEAMS AND COLUMNSknife-edge or hinge举例而言，在图11-1a中，梁显示为简单支撑，左端一个固定较刃形支承铰式支承），右端一个滑动铰这种情况，可简单地通过理论解出梁受荷下的抗力，剪力，弯矩和变形。
关于铁道工程英语作文初一
关于铁道工程英语作文初一Railway Engineering。
Railway engineering is a branch of civil engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of railways and their associated structures. It is an important field of engineering that plays a vital role in the transportation of goods and people across the world.The design of railway systems involves the planning and layout of tracks, stations, bridges, tunnels, and other infrastructure. Engineers must consider factors such as safety, capacity, speed, and efficiency when designing railway systems. They must also take into account the terrain, climate, and natural disasters that may affect the operation of the railway.The construction of railways involves the building of the infrastructure that supports the railway system. This includes the laying of tracks, construction of stations andplatforms, and the building of bridges and tunnels. Construction engineers must ensure that the railway isbuilt to high standards of safety and durability, and that it is able to withstand the stresses and strains of heavy use.The maintenance of railways is an ongoing process that involves regular inspections, repairs, and upgrades. Engineers must ensure that the railway is kept in good condition, and that any problems are identified and addressed promptly. They must also keep up to date with new technologies and materials that can improve the safety and efficiency of the railway.Railway engineering is a challenging and rewardingfield that requires a high level of technical expertise and attention to detail. Engineers in this field must be able to work well under pressure, and must be able to communicate effectively with a wide range of stakeholders, including government agencies, railway operators, and the public.In conclusion, railway engineering is a vital field of engineering that plays a critical role in the transportation of goods and people across the world. It requires a high level of technical expertise and attention to detail, and offers a challenging and rewarding career for those who are up to the task.。
土木工程专业英语第11章
Unit 11
Construction Engineering
A sequence of construction and the time to be allotted for
each item is then indicated. The method of operation and
the equipment to be used for the individual work items
Unit 11
Planning
Construction Engineering
The planning phase starts with a detailed study of
construction plans and specifications. From this study a
list of all items of work is prepared, and related items are then grouped together for listing on a mater schedule. 计划（规划）。计划（规划）阶段开始于对施工图的与 相关技术规范的研究学习。通过研究学习，可以列出工 作项目清单，整合相关联的项目制定施工进度表。
Unit 11
Construction Engineering
After the master or general construction schedule has
been drawn up, subsidiary detailed schedules or
forecasts are prepared from the master schedule. 在主要的总施工进度表绘制完成后，相应的明细进度表 应当在总施工进度表的基础上来绘制。
土木项目工程专业英语正文课本知识翻译
第一课土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。
此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。
土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。
他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。
此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。
土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。
在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。
自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。
领域。
因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。
不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。
一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。
岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。
环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。
交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。
同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。
从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。
根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。
贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。
计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。
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ballastless tracks
Advantages: stable track position, long life cycles, top speed, ride comfort, practically no maintenance and great load-carrying capability.
fishplates
❖ Fishplates are usually 600 mm long, used in pairs either side of the rail ends and bolted together with four or six bolts per joint.
Continuously welded rail (CRW)
Unit 11 Railway Engineering
铁路工程
PartⅠ Introduction源自to Rail Engineering
Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of railway systems.
Track gauge
❖ Track gauge or rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two rails that make up a single line.
❖ The standard gauge is 1,435 mm. ❖ Wider gauges are called broad gauge;
❖ CWR refers to the way in which rails are joined to form track. Through CWR, rails are welded together to form one uninterrupted rail that may be several miles long.
Track structure
Traditional track structure Advantages: low construction costs, high elasticity, high noise absorption or a high maintainability at relatively low costs. Disadvantages: heavy demand for maintenance, the ballast(道渣/碎石) can be churned up(溅起来) at high speeds, which may cause serious damages to rails and wheels.
Jointed track
❖ In the traditional method, jointed tracks are made using lengths of rails, usually around 20 m long in the UK and 11.9 or 23.8 m long in North America, bolted together using perforated steel plates known as fishplates or joint bars.
Rail signaling
❖ Railway Signaling is a complex and fascinating research and development area in railways. The purpose of a signaling system is to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of trains on the railway.
Flash butt welding
❖ Flash butt welding is a technique for joining segments of metal rail or pipe.
❖ It often involves an automated track-laying machine running a strong electrical current through the touching ends of two unjoined pieces of rail.
Rail track
The track on a railway or railroad, also known as the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade.
It encompasses ( 包 含 / 包 括 ) a wide range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production engineering.
Narrow gauge(计量器)
❖ Narrow gauge allows a smaller radius curves, allowing obstacles, such as valleys and hills, to be avoided. Therefore, many narrow gauge railways(窄 轨铁路) were built in Wales and the Rocky Mountains of North America.