08中石化高级职称外语-汉译英
中国石油天然气公司高级英语考试英汉互译(二).doc
15、动物如何听到声咅1.When we talk about ears, we usually mean the oddly［ (odd):adj •奇数的］wrinkledtadj .右皱纹“勺］appendages［ (appendage) ：n. |J(J on the sides of our heads.1、当我们提到耳朵，通常指那个生长在我们头部两侧的奇怪的褶皱的附属肢休。
2.We are aware［a.知道的，意识到的］that at the end of the central［adj・中心的，中央的］hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear, with an eardrum［n.耳膜］and a few little bones［ (bone):n.骨, 骨头］.Even deeper lies the inner ear, the organ［n•器'吉］with which we ''hear2、我们知道，在外耳中孔的底部有东西称为中耳，它由一个耳豉和一些小骨骼构成。
而真正能使我们“听”的器官在更深处的内耳。
3.Animals such as dogs and cats also have conspicuous ［adj •明眼的，惹人注目的；炫辉的，摆阔气的］outer ears, but few of us probably ［adv.很可能；大概］ever stopped to think whether there might［v.aux•可能；也许］be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath ［prep •在…下面］those pointed tips［比 i p):n.ffi, 末端；小费］.Yet, we know very well that these animals hear.3、诸如猫和狗这样的动物也有引人注忖的外耳，但很少人能够停下来去想，在竖立的尖儿下面，是否那里也右类似于屮耳和内耳的东四。
英译汉----中石化
英译汉考纲解读通过分析总结历年中石化职称英语考试的翻译部分试题，我们发现中石化职称英语考试翻译部分考查的目的和要求很明确：考生需具备的一定的技巧和能力，掌握必备的专业词汇，能够运用一定的翻译策略进行英译汉，且译文通顺，用词准确，无明显语法错误、错译和漏译。
本部分正是根据中石化职称英语考试真题的能力要求编写而成的，力求在提高考生的快速提高、正确进行英译汉，培养考生的翻译技巧和能力等方面给予考生尽可能多的、有效的指导和启发。
第一章科技英语的特点及文体风格1. 科技英语的语言特点概述任何作品均有自己特定的文体，文体不同，翻译方法也要因之而异。
试观察下列片断的原文及译文。
"You are quiet tonight, Steve. Did something happen at work today?""You bet it did. The company is having some real problems. I may lose my job.""Oh, Steve, tell me all about it.""It's so depressing. I hate talking about it. Sales have dropped during the last year.""But you've been the top salesman for three years in a row. ""I know, but they are talking about letting all the newer employees go.""That is not fair. You have brought in a lot of money.""I agree. But it's got to do with the politics of the company."“斯蒂夫。
中石化职称英语(高级含教授级)汉译英复习材料(通用+炼化工程)
U1 How to be happy1、吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和有很大影响。
Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset.2、在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪。
A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness.3、我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。
We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships, which inevitably damage our wellbeing.4、如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。
If this bad mood stays inside our mind, it will lead us to an unresolved destructive depression.5、我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。
We should not avoid these problems but face them instead.U21、随着大量市民被迫迁到遥远的效外，汽车的需求量正在飞涨。
The demand for cars is soaring as growing numbers of citizens are pushed into distant suburbs.2、生态城市将把传统设计要素同最先进的绿色技术相结合。
The eco-city will combine elements of traditional design with the latest green technologies.3、预计到2010年将有一千辆燃料电池车投入使用，而到2012年将增至一万辆。
2008年中石油职称英语考试真题及部分参考答案(考试类型24)
英语水平考试试卷类型：24答卷注意事项1、请各位考生拿到试卷以后首先检查试卷类型（在本页右上角）是否和自己的准考证号末两位一致，如不一致请立即要求监考教师更换，否则将影响成绩。
2、本次考试包括试卷一和试卷二，考试时间为9:00-11:00。
试卷一为客观选择题，在标准答题卡上用2B铅笔将所选答案划出。
试卷二为翻译题，将译文写在答题纸上，填上单位、姓名、准考证号、考场号、考点，以备核对总分。
3、试卷一为标准化考试，所有答案必须在标准化答题卡上划出，若答在试卷上不予评分，后果自负。
4、在填写被准话答题卡时应注意：1）在填写“姓名、单位、准考证号”等栏目时，应用钢笔或圆珠笔。
在填涂准考证号时，一律用2B铅笔划横线。
注意准考证号不要漏涂或涂错，否则客观题部分将无成绩，责任由考生自负。
2）试卷一答题时一律用2B铅笔，若用钢笔或圆珠笔答题均无效，请按答题卡上“正确填涂”的示范划横线，横线长度和宽度以方框为准，若划“√、○、／、＼”等符号均为无效。
3）答题卡四角应保持平整，不应折角或皱卷，以免影响阅卷机工作。
4）如需更改答案时，应先用橡皮擦净后，再划线答题。
5、试卷二为翻译试题，请根据参加考试的级别选择一段翻译。
一律用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上。
字迹应尽量工整，用字规范，以免影响阅卷。
6、考场内考生只允许带2B铅笔、橡皮、尺子、钢笔或圆珠笔，其他词典、书本、资料和电子词典、BP机、手机、掌上电脑等工具一律不准带入场内。
7、遵守考场纪律，不得有交头接耳、左顾右盼、抄带纸条等作弊行为，一经发现，立即清除出场，并由人事部门严肃处理。
试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Being able to save and accumulate wealth is not automatic.A. considerateB. considerableC. consciousD. careful2. Wonderful of nature are all around us.A. appearanceB. experienceC. phenomenaD. philosophy3. The whole county with little red hearts on Valentine’s Day.A. breaks inB. breaks intoC. breaks offD. breaks out4. If I were the president of a university I should a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”.A. escapeB. establishC. estateD. elapse5. The statement that oil originated in the sea is by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world.A. confinedB. confessedC. conformedD. confirmed6. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated byin-store .A. decidedB. decisiveC. decideD. decisions7. I believe that truth and justice are to an enduring social order.A. fundamentalB. fountainC. formationD. friction8. Some of these “upside down” airmail stamps are now over $6,000.A. worthyB. worthedC. worthD. worthwhile9. The early pioneers had to many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go intoB. go along withC. go back onD. go through10. Remember that customers don't about prices in that city.A. disputeB. bargainC. consultD. discuss11. Difficulties and hardships have the best qualities of the young geologist.A. brought aboutB. brought inC. brought upD. brought out12. Do you know where the pictures on money ?A. resulted fromB. removed fromC. came fromD. fell from13. I often about how quickly time flies.A. complainB. complaintC. compileD. conceive14. I'm with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-in dictionaries.A. commonB. familiarC. knownD. friendly15. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death from heart disease thannon-smoking males.A. rateB. priceC. speedD. degree16. With winter here you can these skirts till you need them again next summer.A. get rid ofB. give awayC. do away withD. put away17. The good service at the hotel the poor food to some extent.A. made forB. made outC. made up forD. mad use of18. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply .A. appliedB. appreciatedC. approvedD. appealed19. Inflation is the first problem that the new government will have to .A. revolveB. graspC. seizeD. tackle20. Few people who of high school will be rich.A. run downB. check inC. drop outD. check outII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. The young receptionist doesn't permit in the exhibition center.A. smokingB. to smokeC. smokeD. to have smoked22. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.A. whatB. whomC. thatD. which23. More than two thousands work in this refinery.A. RussiasB. RussianC. Russians D Russia24. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to was eaten.A. whatB. whichC. itD. that25. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed fiat, the earth by water more than 12,000 feet deep.A. could have been coveredB. might had been coveredC. is coveredD. would be covered26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.A. have been conductedB. are conductedC. is conductedD. being conducted27. All the money , we started looking for work.A. has been spentB. have been spentC. being spentD. having been spent28. One main branch of sea science, , holds enormous unanswered questions.A. physical oceanographyB. is physical oceanographyC. called physical oceanographyD. what is physical oceanography29. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman.A. exciteB. excitedlyC. excitedD. exciting30. There a lot of on the roads yesterday.A. were...trafficB. was...trafficC. were...trafficsD. was...traffics31. China and America are separated by .A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans32. to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.A. If Iran wasB. Was IranC. If Iran isD. Were Iran33. in 1943 the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A. Only...thatB. It was...thenC. That it was...whenD. It was...that34. The population of Beijing is three times that of Qingdao.A. so large asB. as large toC. as large asD. as larger than35. He his office for there was no one to answer the phone.A. must have leftB. must leaveC. may have leftD. can have left36. Jane's family couldn't agree on where to spend vacation.A. hisB. herC. itsD. their37. I will leave him a note he will know where we are.A. so thatB. thatC. in orderD. in case38. The teacher thinks that Tom for the accident and instead we should try to comfort him.A. doesn't blameB. is to blameC. isn't to blameD. isn't blamed39. When I pulled into her driveway, she by the door with her coat on.A. is waitingB. was waitingC. waitsD. waited40. The clerk asked Robey later in the day.A. returningB. to returnC. returnD. to be returnedIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking—still in private rather than in public—whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990's.Should Harvard—or any other university—be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago.“If the universities are to do their work," he said, "they must be independent and they must be disinterested...They are places to which men can turn for judgments which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired...”This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested”but activist in bringing the nation's ideals and actions together.Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling withthem privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American universities and political life in the 1990's.41. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .A. overcome the widespread drug dependencyB. take an active part in solving society's illsC. fight militarismD. support our old and established institutions42. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .A. an abnormal conditionB. a parenthetical expressionC. a difficult puzzleD. a self-contradiction43. The word “sanctuary” in paragraph 3 is .A. a temple or nunnery of middle ageB. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsC. a holy place dedicated to a certain godD. an academy for intelligent people44. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard .A. will soon be over, because times are bound to changeB. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsC. will influence future life in AmericaD. is a sad symbol of our general bewildermentQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with tile overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, be was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy.Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reached the darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for thetides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the Cape Cod tides.Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches. But ants show amazing accuracy as to the day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged, young queens on mating flights. Hundreds of them may fly out of a single nest in the soil. Last summer, at the crest of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare to send forth its young queens. At the precise moment that they took wing, a colony of the same species that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course, no way could the two colonies have checked take off time with each other.Entomologist Albro T. Gaul once jotted down in his notebook that a particular the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights take place within a definite period of time.Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock like mechanism which allows them to time hours of darkness or light in each day.But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wdifson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the "clocks" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of "winding" in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock "ticks", certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the "alarm" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, then stops—to be re-wound again the next fall.45. The alarm clock that determines the activity of certain living things is governed by ____.A. hours of daylightB. the time of day in their native environmentsC. the moonD. something we don't understand completely46. The fiddler crab seems to darken his color according to ____.A. time of sunriseB. its backgroundC. amount of daylightD. time of tides47. The reported activity of the ant colony occurred in relation to ____.A. the position of the sunB. the day of the yearC. the temperatureD. the geographical location48. What controls the migration of birds seems to be ____.A. dark, cloudy days and bright, sunny daysB. direction of migrationC. time between sunrise and sunsetD. breeding habitsQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Medicine comes in many forms. In its liquid form, medicine affects the body very quickly. But the effects of liquid medicine aren't usually long lasting. That is why pills and capsules are also used.The pills and capsules being sold today aren't perfect, either. Pills dissolve in the stomach. The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve. But often, the pills dissolve too quickly.Scientists have been trying to develop a pill that can release medicine slowly over a long period of time. They have applied their knowledge of plants to produce the “osmotic (渗透的) pump pill”.The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose (纤维素). Cellulose is a very porous substance. There are millions of tiny holes, or pores, in the cellulose walls of plants. These holes are big enough to allow water through the cell walls. As water enters a cell, pressure builds up in the cell. The pressure pumps other substances out of the cell. These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall. This slow, steady process is called osmosis.The osmotic pump pill is coated with synthetic cellulose. Liquid medicine is contained in the pill. The holes in the cellulose coating of the pill are big enough to allow water in the pill. As water from the body enters the pill, pressure builds up and the medicine is then slowly pumped out of the pill.49. The passage implies that the osmotic pump pill is better than other pills and capsules because____.A. it releases medicine slowly over a long period of timeB. the coating doesn't dissolve in the stomachC. the medicine in the pill can affect the body quicklyD. it helps to build pressure in the body50. The way that the osmotic pump pill works is based on a process called ____.A. celluloseB. osmosisC. pressureD. synthesis51. The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pill when ____.A. the pill is swallowedB. the cellulose coating is dissolvedC. enough pressure builds up in the pillD. the medicine is dissolved with water from the body52. The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains ____.A. millions of tiny holesB. a substance that dissolves itC. a substance that creates pressureD. liquid medicineQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but also with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.53. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to ____.A. labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services54. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in complete understanding of price?A. Instructions that come with a product.B. The quantity of a product.C. The quality of a product.D. Warranties that cover a product.55. In the last sentence of the passage, the word "they" refers to ____.A. return privilegesB. all the factorsC. buyer and sellerD. money56. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ____.A. unusual ways to advertise productsB. types of payment plans for serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. how certain elements of a price "package" influence its market valueQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:Following the end of the Apollo space program, the National Geographic Society published an excellent set of articles about the moon. Here, in shorter form, are some questions and answers from one of these articles.Is the moon like the earth?Yes and no. It is more like it than many scientists thought before Apollo. Like the earth, the moon is in layers, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below. It may also have a core, as the earth does. However, the crust is almost four times thicker than the earth's crust. We do not know much yet about the moon's mantle, that section of superheated rock which goes down hundreds of miles below the crust. We think—but we are not sure that the moon has a center core which includes molten rock, as the earth does.In other ways, of course, the moon is very different. There is no life, and there is no water. The makeup of its atmosphere is very different; the earth creatures cannot breathe in it.Is the moon hot or cold?Most scientists agree that some of the moon was hot for at 1east a time. Rocks from the moon show that they were once melted. Right now there seems to be heat someplace inside the moon, possibly a great deal of it. On the surface, however, there is no sign of heat -- no volcano, for example. The surface itself ranges from heat of 230 F to cold of minus 290~F, depending upon where the sun is.Where did the moon come from?We don't know. The three main theories (ideas) are (1) that the moon was horn from the earth, (2) that the earth and the moon were born together at the same time from the same cloud of gas and dust, and (3) that the moon was born someplace else in the solar system and then captured by the earth's gravity. So far, none of these theories has been proved to be either fight or wrong. Professor George W. Wetherill of the University of California in Los Angeles says that he would give the first two theories each a 10 percent chance and the third theory a 20 percent chance. The other 60 percent he would give to "things we haven't thought of yet."57. The atmosphere of the moon is __ that of the earth.A. much the same asB. harder to see thanC. much different fromD. cleaner than58. The surface of the moon is ___.A. so hot that it warms the earthB. much colder at all times than the earthC. about the same as that of the earth in terms of heat and coldD. sometimes much hotter, sometimes much colder than the earth59. In talking about the question of where the moon came from, Professor Wetherill of the University of California said that he believes that the answer is ____.A. going to be found by 1990 at the latestB. that the moon was once part of the earthC. a chmd of gas and dust thom which both the earth and the sun were bornD. probably something no one has thought of yet60. Since earth creatures cannot breathe in the moon's atmosphere, we can safely say that ____.A. it is impossible for people to live on the moonB. people would need special equipment in order to live on the moonC. there is no way to grow food thereD. no one would want to live thereSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.In1772, Goethe went as a young lawyer to Wetzlar, where he fell in love with the fiancte of his close friend Kestner. 61 he returned to Frankfurt and later discovered that Kestner had killed himself. These events formed the 62 of his beautiful novel The Sorrows of Young Werther, which is the most important literary work of the early romantic period.In 1786, Goethe 63 Italy, and this had a strong 64 on his work, 65 him to 66 his earlier romantic style with the classic ideas to Greece and Rome.His masterpiece, “Faust”, published in 1831, was the 67 of 50 years of work. It is the greatest dramatic poem in the German language.Goethe died at Weimar in 1832. These days, his 68 as one of Europe's most famous poets is stronger than 69 . And the town Frankfurt is always 70 with his name throughout the world.61. A. Mournfully B. Happily C. Deceived D. Broken-hearted62. A. greatness B. condition C. basis D. reasons63. A. went B. arrived C. toured D. came64. A. resultant B. gear C. modify D. influence65. A. permitted B. allowing C. making D. convincing66. A. associate B. connect C. combine D. develop67. A. result B. consequence C. ending D. product68. A. reproach B. remainder C. reputation D. latter69. A. forehead B. ever C. usual D. others70. A. associated B. joined C. resulted D. connectedIV. TranslationDirections: There are 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passage into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级:71.The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time. What was happening in Britain during the Industrial Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon. A succession of visitors to Britain would go back to their countries to report on the technological innovations they saw there. Sometimes societies were able to learn extremely fast, as in the United States. Others, like Italy, benefited from starting late, leapfrogging the long-drawn-out process that Britain went through.This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent years. Over the last 30 years we have watched countries like Japan, Singapore and now China grow at a pace that is four times that of Britain at tile peak of the Industrial Revolution. They have been able to do this because of their energies, of course, but also because they cleverly adopted certain ideas about development that had worked in the West relatively free markets, open trade, a focus on science and technology, among them. And this shift is happening all around the world. From Thailand to South Africa, from Brazil to Mexico, countries are far better managed economically than they have ever been.We are sometimes reluctant to believe in progress. But the evidence is unmistakable. The management of major economies has changed greatly in the last few years. Careful monetary policy has tempered the boom-and-bust economic cycles of the industrial world, producing milder recessions and fewer shocks. Every day one reads of a new study campaigning nations in everything from Intemet penelration to interest rates. All these studies and lists are symbols of a learning process that is accelerating, reinforcing the lessons of success and failure.B级：71.The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time. What was happening in Britain during the industriai Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon.A succession of visitors to Britain would go back to their countries to report on the technological innovations they saw there. Sometimes societies were able to learn extremely fast, as in the United States. Others, like Italy, benefited from starting late, leapfrogging the long-drawn out process that Britain went through.This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent years. Over the last 30 years we have watched countries like Japan, Singapore and now China grow at a pace that is four times that of Britain at the peak of the Industrial Revolution. They have been able to do this because of their energies, of course, but also because they cleverly adopted certain ideas about development that had worked in the West--relatively free markets, open trade, a focus on science and technology, among them. And this shift is happening all around the world. From Thailand to South Africa, from Brazil to Mexico, countries are far better managed economically than they have ever been.答案解析21. permit许可；执照；营业证；允许You can’t enter the research without a permit .〖点拨〗permit sb to do允许某人干……。
22008年高级(含教授级)任职资格外语考试试卷--英语(油气田工程)
中国石化集团公司2008年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷英语（油气工程）（120分钟内完成）一、阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，共25分）短文1（12.5分）Much of any manager’s times is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss future policies. There are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings: some would be even less polite. There can be no doubt that meetings are part of every manager’s life. He should know how to cope with them. He should know the techniques of communication in meetings. He should know how to use these techniques to his own advantages.It is sometimes suggested that when a manager can’t think what to do, he hold a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communication. It may well be that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it.Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific purpose. Each of those attending the meeting has a need to be there andboth discussion and its result could not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. Do not have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient and effective.Questions:1.What is a meeting intended to be according to the passage?2.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?3.What should a manager know in meetings?4.When does a manager often hold a meeting?5.What is implied in the last few instances?短文2（12.5分）The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs?2. What does the word “economy” in the first paragraph mean?3. Why was it said in the second paragraph that the bread advertised was misleading?4. Explain the reason why fire insurance mentioned above is the positive advertising?5. According to the lecture what you should do when advertising is intended to appeal to you?二、英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共45分）短文1（20分）With the economic development and the increase of the population, we are faced with the lack of water supply. From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption of water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics also show that a lot of water resources such as lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem.There are two main ways to solve the problem. First, with the development of high technology new resources may be found and the present ones can be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry.Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty.短文2（25分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一）A The first step in exploration is to select an isolate area to study. The selection is usually based on a very general analysis of geologic data. When a study area has been reduced to a manageable size, it is called a prospective area, or prospect. Once a prospect is located, some means of evaluating its potential value is needed to determine if a well should be drilled. If a company decides to drill the well, it must determine exactly where the best drilling site would be.The earliest site selection method was probably based on petroleum seeps. It was logical to assume that if one saw oil seeping at the surface, oil was probably located directly below. Undoubtedly, most of the earlier discovered deposits were located by this type of surface investigation. When all possible sites that could be picked in this manner were exhausted, new selection methods were necessary.Another site selection technique was surface geology. This method involved visually examining the general lay of the land, looking for unusual surface features such as large mounds or faults that might reflect similar subsurface features. This is a completely valid technique for locating geologic anomalies, or unusual features, that are relatively close to the earth’s surface. A surface anomaly implies that a shallow subsurface anomaly also exists. If a petroleum seep happened to be in the area, the site was considered extremely promising.B There is little doubt in the minds of most petroleum geologists, from the evidence of association, that petroleum originates from organic matter of both plant and animal origin that accumulates in fine-grained sediment under quietconditions relatively deficient in oxygen. These ideas receives firmer support from geochemical studies of sedimentary organic matter, indicating that petroleum is generated during burial of the sediment, primarily under the influences of heat and time, and that it is expelled from the source rocks during compaction.Crude oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons. In the present context it is interesting to note that there is as much variation between crude oils of the same age—or, more precisely, crude oils in rocks of the same age—as between crude oils of different ages. Since there has been a continually changing pattern of life over the last 600 millions years or so, the general similarities of crude oils suggest that they are generated from the fundamental biochemical components of organisms.Geochemical evidence suggests that conditions favorable for significant generation of petroleum do not normally occur above depths of about 1500 meters below the surface. There is some geological evidence, based on oil occurrence and inferred source rocks, suggesting a shallower “threshold”of about 600 meters.三、汉译英（将下列句子、段落译成英语，共30分）1. 句子翻译（10分）（1）网络确实有问题，但情况却决非像媒体说的那么糟。
中国石油天然气公司高级英语考试英汉互译(一)
53 46. Why To Mark[vt.标明；作记号于] a Book.46、怎样在书上做标记1. You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything.I want to persuade[vt.说服；劝说] you to do something equally[(equal):adj.平等的；均等的] important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade[vt.说服；劝说]you to "write between the lines." Unless[conj.除非，如果不]you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient[adj.(指人)有能力的]kind of reading.1、你知道读书必须要阅读，“字里行间的言外之意”，以求最充分的理解。
我劝你在读书过程中做一件同等重要的事情；我劝你“在字里行间里写字”。
不这样做，就达不到最有效的阅读效果。
2. I contend[v.声称,坚决地认为], quite bluntly[(blunt):v.减弱], that marking[(mark):vt.标明；作记号于] up a book is not an act[vi.(戏)表演 vt.扮演(角色)；演出(戏)] of mutilation[n.切断,毁损] but love.2、坦率地说，我认为，在书上涂抹标记不是一种损毁行为，而是爱。
3. You shouldn't mark[vt.标明；作记号于] up a book which isn't yours. Librarians[(librarian):n.图书馆管理员] (or your friends) who lend you books expect[vt.盼望；认为]you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking[(mark):vt.标明；作记号于]books, you will have to buy them. Most of the world's great books are available[adj.可利用的;可获得的] today, in reprint[n.再版,翻版,重印] editions[(edition):n.版；版本], for a modest[adj.谦虚的] sum[n.一笔钱].3、当然，你不应该在不属于你的书上做标记。
2008年中石油职称英语重点词汇
applicationPetroleum geology is the application of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration for and production of oil and gas. 石油地质学是地质学(岩石研究)在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。
The application of chemistry to the study of rocks (geochemistry) has many uses in petroleum geology. 化学应用到石油地质的岩石研究(地球化学)中有许多作用The application of physics to the study of rocks (geophysics) is very important in petroleum geology. 在石油地质中，将物理应用到岩石研究(地球物理)中很重要Impose施加（税、义务等负面含义的词）于…（常与on连用）选项中常见：A. dispose(处理) B. expose暴露 C. suppose假定 D. impose E. compose构成；F. propose提议1. These adjustments may impose enormous strains(压力)on a global economic system2. Within a month of the adoption of the plan, new environmental taxes on cars, gasoline,and wood products were imposed（收税）3. To translate its vision into action, the Chinese government will need strong policies,such as the environmental taxes already imposed（收税）4. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker（限制）5. The South African State Oil Company (SOEKOR) is under a statutory obligation imposedby its government（责任、义务）6. But if the U.S. were to impose punitive measures,（惩罚性措施） Iran would probablyretaliate. 但如果美国强行施加惩罚性措施,伊朗很可能进行报复。
08中石化高级职称外语-汉译英
用塑料可以制成各种各样的生活必需品 All sorts of necessaries of life can be made 16. 学习外国的经验，必须有分析、有批判地学，不能盲目地学 We must learn foreign of plastics 因为天气太糟，我们未能成行 Bad weather made us cancel our trip 通过进一步研究，科学家们推测存在着一种迄今为止尚未为人所知的粒子 Further investigation led the scientists to conjecture about the existence of a previously unknown particle 昨天他们表演得很成功 Their performance yesterday was very successful experience with an analytical and critical eye, not blindly 17. 不搞改革开放，不坚持开放政策，实现现代化的战略目标就不可能实现 We cannot reach our strategic goal of realizing modernization unless we carry out reforms and open and the door wide and adhere to the open policy 18. 如果从水中除去足够的热量，就可把水变成冰 The removal of enough heat from water may change it into ice
坚持实现四个现代化是社会主义建设的大方向 The general orientation of socialist 20. 使用电子显微镜，可以获得大得多的放大率 With the electron microscope much construction is to adhere to the realization of four modernizations 她最大的业余爱好是养花种草 To grow flowers/Growing flowers/Gardening is her favorite pastime 预计今年的工业产量可比去年增长百分之八 The industrial production this year is expected to increase by 8% over that of last year 目前，对各种消费品的需求已大大增加 Now there is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods 重要的是，不要把中国搞成一个封闭性的国家 What is important is that we should never turn China back into a closed country 是否应继续使用这一方法，部分取决于是否还有其他形式的解决办法可供采用 The answer to the question of whether one should continue using the method depends in part on whether other forms of solutions are available 1. 这辆汽车的无线电收音机已经装好了 This automobile has been installed with a radio-set. 2. 这座大型水力发电站的供电量很大 This large hydroelectric power plant gives a large supply of power. 3. 一台典型的无线电发射机的功率是 100 千瓦 A typical radio transmitter has a power of 100 kilowatts. 4. 懒惰的人不会成功 Laziness makes success impossible. greater magnification can be obtained 乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物 The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural areas 当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on now energetically in our country 你我和其他任何人都没有看见 Neither you not I nor anybody else has seen it 不是你错就是我错 Either you are or I am wrong 当我去看她时，她总是在学习英语 She is always studying English when I visit her 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学物质的爆炸 His absent-mindedness during the experiments nearly caused an explosion of the chemicals 到目前， 热加工和冷加工还在进行， 使材料的性能改善 Up to now ,hot-working and cold-working have been continued to improve the properties of materials 在实验开始以前， 一切器件都已准备好了 All the apparatus had been prepared before the experiment began 又有一座立交桥将于年底通车 Another flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of this year 那 个 城 市 因 地 震 而 遭 到 严 重 破 坏 The city suffered serious damage from the eaБайду номын сангаасthquake 介绍新书 recommend a new book
中石化英语职称考试历年真题
2012 年中国石油职称英语考试题及相应参考答案类型 08试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence you will see four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1.German, spoken by just over 100 million people, is one of the world'sten-largest languages __ population.A. in place ofB. by means ofC. in terms ofD. by way of2.Four score and seven years ago our fathers __ on this continent a new nation.A. brought outB. brought forthC. brought aboutD. brought up3. The taxi had to because the traffic light had turned red.A. set upB. catch upC. shut upD. pull up4.There are no extremes of temperature on South Island. Summers are warm, not hot,and winters are brisk __ freezing.A. in spite ofB. other thanC. rather thanD. regardless of5.After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decidedto settle there6.Generous public funding of basic science would __ considerable benefits forthe country's health, wealth and security.A. result fromB. lie inC. lead toD. figure out7.Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any __ of what I said.8.Our company decided to __ the contract because a number of the conditionsin it had not been met.9.We'll visit Australia next year __ we have enough money.A. providedB. unlessC. untilD. lest10.Scientists are about the formation of coal.A. confidentialB. conferC. confidentD. conform11.William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, defended the right of everycitizen to freedom of choice in religion.A. peculiarlyB. indifferentlyC. vigorouslyD. inevitably12.The Great Wall is a famous tourist , drawing millions of visitors every year.A. attentionB. attractionC. appointmentD. arrangement13.Purchasing the new production line will be a __ deal for the corporation.A. profitableB. tremendousC. forcefulD. favorite14.He felt a bit because her life seemed completely out of balance.A. depressedB. suppressC. thoughtfulD. weakness15.Some people wait for__ to come knocking. Some people sought it out.A. necessityB. opportunityC. realityD. probability16.Some younger workers assume older workers can't keep __ withfast-changing technology and business pressures.17.If things are going badly, the optimist acts quickly, looking for __ andforming a new plan of action.A. resultB. solutionsC. responseD. settlement18. The lead pencil is the simplest, most and least expensive of all writinginstruments.A. adaptableB. comfortableC. convenientD. standard19. Now insurance companies are near the top of the __ of the biggest business inthe United States.A. chartB. formC. listD. table20. Sales-promotion methods, to be effective, should be with local preference.A. consistentB. continuousC. considerateD. continualII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence you will see Jbur choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21.The old man soaked his hands in the cold water and __ to keep his head clear.A. triedB. tryingC. being triedD. was tried22.Smith was very busy last week. Otherwise he to see you.A. cameB. would comeC. had comeD. would have come23.With all the things she needed ~ she would leave the market for the streets ofthe town to spend another hour.A. buyB. boughtC. buyingD. to have bought24.I appreciated __ the opportunity to work abroad three years ago.A. having been givenB. having givenC. to have been givenD. to have given25.He has won the first place, __ is clear from the expressions on his face.A. thatB. asC. whatD. when26.Only later what a terrible thing had happened.A. they have realizedB. did they realizeC. they realizedD. they realize27.__ planes in flight between airports, air traffic controllers rely on radar.A. TrackedB. To trackC. Being trackedD. The tracking of28.I wish Bob would drive us to the airport but he has __ to take us all.A. very small a carB. too small a carC. a too small carD. such a small car29.He is taller thanA. any other boy in the classB. any boy in the classC. all boys in the classD. you and me as well as the class30.Physics as well as other subjects __ a science.A. wasB. isC. areD. belong to31."I always get confused about tipping in this country.""Usually you __ to leave 15 percent for a waiter or waitress. Taxi driversexpect 10 or 15 percent, too."A. oughtB. shouldC. mightD. canlions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way.A. It is estimated thatB. An estimate thatC. That isestimated D. That the estimate33.As resident of Texas, Dennis __ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and tothe Senate in 1938.A. when electedB. electedC. who was electedD. was elected34.The instructions are too clear on the bottle: These tablets __ they are able tomake about twenty different sounds.A. will be keptB. are to be keptC. shall keepD. shall have kept35. Green have the power to make food from substances found in the air andsoil.A. only plantsB. plants aloneC. the only plantsD. plants are alone36. China and America are separated by __A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans37. "I don't like your attitude." "I don't care __A. if or not you like itB. whether you like it or notC. do you like it or notD. you like it or not38. __ I go on holiday, I always seem to be unlucky with the weather.A. WhereB. HowC. WheneverD. While39. Many live in Hawaii, more than __ of whose people boast on Asian orPolynesian heritage.A. two-thirdsB. two-thirdC. second-thirdD. two-three40.It is the earth's 40 mile deep crust with __ we are concerned when we seekthe cause of earthquake.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with the overgrown claw. Biologists have long knownthat the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, he was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with thesame accuracy.Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reached the darkestcolorabout 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the Cape Cod tides.Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock-like mechanism which allows them to time hours of darkness or light in each day.But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wolfson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the "clocks" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of "winding" in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock "ticks", certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the "alarm" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, then stops--to be re-wound again the next fall.Scientists are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset, speeded up or slowed down--all for our benefit. Pioneering experiments at the U. S. Department of Agriculture's research center in Beltsville, Maryland, have shown that plants can be helped to develop faster in less time. By increasing or lessening the hours of darkness in each day, the scientists have been able to mm plant growth off and on like an electric switch.New knowledge about nature's living clocks has practical applications. For man,too, seems to follow daily rhythms. The amount of sugar in our blood stream varieswith the time of day, as does our temperature. More of the cells in our skin and muscles divide during the night hours than during the day. By tinkering with theclocks of plants and animals, scientists may learn more about the fascinating wayour bodies work.41. Although scientists know that the number of hours of daylight controls theactions of some living things, they know that this is not the only factorbecauseA. the fiddler crab's shell reached the darkest color at the same time in CapeCod, Massachusetts and its neighboring islandB. the fiddler crab continued to change color in the darkC.plants will not grow without sunlightD.all of the above42.From this article we conclude that these rhythms in nature occur mostspectacularly __A.in the higher orders of living thingsB.in the lower orders of living thingsC.in birds and animalsD.in man43.Scientists have learned to control to some extent the naturally rhythmicalactivities ofA.migrating birdsB.growing plantsC.body cellsD.fiddler crabs44.This article is basically __rmationalB.entertainingC.inspirationalD.controversialQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:Shut-Ear Listening: Maybe you feel you already know what the speaker isgoing to say. Or his subject couldn't interest you less. You mm off your ears--andwho knows what you may be missing or when a little knowledge on that subjectmay come in mighty handy? Anyway, why take the risk?Over-My-Head Listening: You are convinced that the subject is beyond you,so you depart, at least in spirit. You may be right. And then again you may be wrong.If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that theymake sense. But even if they are as strange as Greek to you, you should try to listen and understand. Otherwise you may find some day that you must attempt to grasp an over-your-head idea and be totally unable even to try.Memory Test Listening: Some people think that trying to memorize a series of facts is good listening. They are wrong. For instance, you are getting a story for your school paper on an assembly speaker. He makes a series of points. You try tomemorize them. But while you are busy planting facts A, B, and C in your mind, repeating them over and over, you are losing out on facts D and E. Better to look for main ideas. You will find them more useful and easier to recall later.Take-It-All-Down Listening: When you try to get too many of the speaker'swords on paper, part of your mind must be concerned with your note-taking. You are unable to concentrate fully on what he is saying. You risk losing valuable points. Where note-taking is necessary--and you may be surprised to find out how often itisn't if you concentrate fully on listening--try to jot down only a memory-joggingword or two. Or put the main ideas on paper after the speaker has finished. The more complete attention you give the speaker, the easier it will be to recall his ideas later.Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speaker looks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously you decide that a person who dresses or speaks like that can't have much to say. That could be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? It's the old story: you can't judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heard him out.So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside--that workagainst us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.45.The author suggests that it is a serious mistakeA.to ignore a speaker whose subject seems to be beyond youB.to stop listening when the speaker's voice is not clearC.to look away from the speakerD.to do anything physical while listening46.The author advises againstA.taking notesB.trying to remember details rather than main ideasC.listening too intentlyD.reviewing the material after the speech is finished47.Although this article is directed to the listener a speaker could conclude from itthatA.he should never choose a controversial topicB.he should speak as quickly as possibleC.humor is a necessary part of a good speechD.his manner, actions, voice, and appearance should not attract unfavorableattention48. A person with several bad listening habits would be considered by Dr.NicholsA.hopelessB.normalC.a difficult casezyQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, orpetroleum--a dark, thick ooze from the earth--had been known for hundreds of years. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850's Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturerin western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepage and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.The first oil well was drilled by E.L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it "Drake's Folly." But when he had drilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860's these wildcatters were drilling for "black gold" all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosenecontinued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880's and 1890's refiners learned how to make other products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.49.What is the best title for the passage?A.Oil Refining: A Historical PerspectiveB.The California Gold Rush: Get Rich QuicklyC.Private Property: Trespassers Will Be ProsecutedD.Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel50.According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake hadmade a mistake byA.going on a whaling expeditionB.moving to PennsylvaniaC.searching for oilD.retiring from his job~fd: ~i~0851.Why does the author mention the California gold rush?A.To explain the need for an increased supply of goldB.To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealthC.To describe the mood when oil was first discoveredD.To argue that gold was more valuable than oil52.The author mentions all of the following as possible products of crude oilEXCEPT.A.gasolineB.keroseneC.waxD. plasticQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Supervisors Quarterly MeetingOctober 258:32 -- VP Hamilton begins the meeting and notes that six people are present.8:35 -- Hamilton gives quarterly performance briefing by department.Human Resources: The number of employee complaints this quarter wasvery low. Employee satisfaction events have been very successful.Accounting: Both company and customer paperwork was completed veryslowly this quarter The new Q-Form system does not work very well.Sales: Sales were down this quarter. Many new customers opened contractswith the company; however, several larger old accounts were lost.Design: Several new employees were hired this quarter and they haveproduced very good work. However, the rate of production needs toincrease.8:58 The meeting is opened for discussion. Sales Supervisor James suggests that Sales could design a program of benefits for loyal customers.9:02 -- Accounting Supervisor Thomas says that Accounting has a program forkeeping track of customer satisfaction and offers assistance.9:12 James thanks Thomas for the offer and suggests that they meet to discuss it.9:15 Hamilton asks if there is any more discussion.9:17 -- Hamilton adjourns the meeting.53.How long did the meeting last?A. An hour.B.A quarter of an hour.C.Three quarters of an hour.D.Forty minutes.54.How many different people spoke at the meeting?A.Six.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.55.Which department did not receive any criticism during the briefing?A.Human Resources.B.Accounting.C.Sales.D.Design.56.What problem will James try to solve before the next quarterly meeting?A.Work is not being produced fast enough.B.Paperwork is being done too slowly.C.More new employees need to be hired.D. Loyal customers are not being satisfied.Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:Only one generation ago, Mauritania's capital city was many days' walk from the Sahara. Today it is in the Sahara. The sand blows through the city streets and piles up against walls and fences. The desert stretches out as far as the eye can see.In some parts of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, all the trees have been cut down. The earth lies bare and dry in the hot sun. Nothing grows there anymore.Over vast areas of every continent, the rainfall and vegetation necessary forlifeare disappearing. Already more than 40 percent of the earth's land is desert ordesert-like. About 628 million people---one out of seven--live in these dry regions. Inthe past, they have managed to survive, but with difficulty. Now, largely through problems caused by modem life, their existence is threatened by the slow, steady spread of the earth's deserts.Many countries are experiencing similar problems. Poor land is farmed until it is worn out, and trees are cut for firewood, leaving the soil unprotected againstwindand rain. In Peru, Chile, and Brazil, some areas that once were covered with forests now look like the moon. In India, some land has been so badly damaged by farming and tree cutting that mud now slides into the Indus and Ganges rivers. Cattle, sheep,and goats add to the problem by eating grass and other plants faster than they can grow back. In the United States, some highly populated areas (such as Los Angeles)are really deserts. Water must be piped in from hundreds of miles away--and thisaffects the water supply of other California communities.Scientists still do not understand all the complex problems of the desert, but there have been many ideas for saving the land. Saudi Arabia has planted 10 million trees to help keep the sand from taking over fertile areas. The Israelis are again usingsome of the water collection systems left by the ancient peoples in the Negev desert. They plan to water their orchards with the extra water. Some Sahel farmers still raise cattle on their poor farm land, but before the cattle are sold, they are taken to greener lands in the south to get fat.57.According to paragraph 1 what has happened in Mauritania?A.The Sahara has spread until it has reached Mauritania capital.B.Nothing has happenedC.It takes many days to walk through the Sahara.D.Mauritania has moved its capital city into the Sahara.58.In paragraph 3, "one out of seven" refers toA.the number of people who live in dry regions.B.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-like.C.more than a third of the land's earthD.both A and C.59.Paragraph 4 says "trees are cut for firewood." This is an example ofA. Peru's problems.B. India's problems.C. California's problems.D. both A and B. "60. In paragraph 5 "they are taken to the greener lands in the south. They refers toA. the Sahel farm land.B. the farmers.C. the cattle.D. both B and C.Section BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Alfred Nobel, 61 of dynamite, was born in Sweden on October 21, 1833. In 1842, he moved to Russia, where he was educated. But he spent most of his time in Paris, where he studied chemistry. 62 his return from Paris, he began his study of explosives in his father's laboratory.Being inventive and imaginative, in 1867, he 63 inventing a new explosive, dynamite, which made him world-famous. During his life time, he took more than 100 patents. But he was not interested in 64, he was most generous 65 the poor.His 66 wish was to bring happiness and peace to the whole world. That was why he had devoted 67 his time and money 68 this cause and at his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel, in his famous 69, 70 all his money $9,200,200 to set up a fund to provide prizes for the most outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics.61. A. an inventor B. the inventor C. invented D. inventing62. A. Before B. After C. When D. While63. A. failed to B. succeeded in C. liked D. was interested in64. A. making a living B. making moneyC. becoming poorD. earning a living65. A. to B. of C. for D. on66. A. only B. well C. one D. barely67. A. a little of B. little of C. much of D. many of68. A. for B. to C. at D. in69. A. will B. speech C. story D. invention70. A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. to be试卷二IV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级：71.Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Guesses that petroleum is formed by the transformation of highly compressed organic material is already well known among the scientific community. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. The Russian State Oil Company is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of scientific data has the same outcome as drilling randomly.Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. Leaving aside atypical (t~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills. These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.B级：71.(~)Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.~Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of scientific data has the same outcome as drilling randomly.~Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. Leaving aside atypical (tg~,~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills. These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.试卷二（类型 09）（附上类型 09 帮助大家比较不同试卷的变动）IV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A~:71.(~)Geologists, contrary to normal working folks, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Theories that petroleum is not formed by the transformation of organic matter in sediments have already been noted and are examined in more detail. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.(~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1975 a well-known oil researcher from Dallas, Texas was determined in not allowing geologists join his team, because he believed that they were too expensive and decreased his profits per barrel significantly. Saudi Arabian Oil Company is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to thetest every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.~Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. The task of finding petroleum in modem times requires a knowledgeable and varying group of professionals to work together to achieve the same goal. These skills include political and social expertise, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in unstable countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in preparing the initial data on which drilling recommendations are based on. Petroleum engineering is concerned with establishing the reserves of a field, the distribution of petroleum within the reservoir, and the most effective way of producing it.B~:71.(~)Geologists, contrary to normal working folks, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1975 a well-known oil researcher from Dallas, Texas was determined in not allowing geologists join his team, because he believed that they were too expensive and decreased his profits per barrel significantly. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.(~)Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. The task of finding petroleum in modem times requires a knowledgeable and varying group of professionals to work together to achieve the same goal. These。
中石化职称英语考试试题库
中石化职称英语考试试题库中石化职称英语考试是中石化公司为了选拔和评定员工英语水平而设立的考试制度。
该考试的试题库是员工备考的重要资料之一，以下是中石化职称英语考试试题库的简要介绍。
一、考试概述中石化职称英语考试试题库是根据考试大纲的要求编制而成，包括听力、阅读、语法和写作四个部分。
试题库涵盖了各种题型，旨在全面评估考生在英语听说读写方面的能力。
二、听力部分1. 短对话理解：考生需要听取一段短对话，然后根据听到的对话内容选择合适的答案。
2. 长对话理解：考生需要听取一段长对话，然后回答相关问题。
3. 短文理解：考生需要听取一篇短文，然后回答相关问题。
三、阅读部分1. 阅读理解：考生需要阅读一篇短文或文章，并回答相关问题。
2. 完型填空：考生需要根据上下文的意义选择正确的单词或短语填入空白处。
3. 短文填空：考生需要根据短文内容选择正确的单词或短语填入空白处。
四、语法部分1. 选择题：考生需要从给定的选项中选择正确的词形、语法结构或句子衔接方式。
2. 改错题：考生需要找出句子中的错误并进行修改。
五、写作部分1. 汉译英：考生需要将给定的中文句子或段落翻译成英文。
2. 英译汉：考生需要将给定的英文句子或段落翻译成中文。
3. 作文：考生需要根据提供的话题进行写作，文章要求结构合理、语法正确、用词准确。
六、备考建议1. 针对听力部分，考生可以通过多听英语音频材料提高听力水平，同时练习做听力题，加强对语速、语调和重点信息的理解。
2. 针对阅读部分，考生可以多读英文文章，提高阅读速度和理解能力，同时做阅读理解题，培养对文章中细节和主旨的把握能力。
3. 针对语法部分，考生可以通过学习英语语法知识并应用于实际习题中，熟悉常见的语法规则和用法。
4. 针对写作部分，考生可以多进行写作训练，扩充词汇量，提升写作表达能力，并注意文章结构的合理性和语法的准确性。
以上是对中石化职称英语考试试题库的简要介绍，希望能对备考人员提供帮助。
中国石化职称英语-高级【精选文档】
UNIT 1 How to be Happy如何获得幸福TextRead the text。
Answer the given questions and translate the underlined sentences or paragraphs into Chinese。
In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman，where H （happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy）+ C (the conditions of your life) + V （the voluntary choices you make)。
This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient。
Step 1：Peace and quietJonathon Haidt in his excellent book，The Happiness Hypothesis，notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution。
Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses （the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise。
中石化高级职称考试英语复习题（可编辑）
中石化高级职称考试英语复习题英译汉There is an increase in damand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our coun-trry. 译为：我国各地对各种消费品的需求量正大大增加。
We also realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectoymned to pur-sue it .译为我们也认识到越来越需要使某些经济部门工业化。
They are deeply convinced of the ourrectness of this pocicy and firmly determined to pur-sue it. 译为：我们深信这一政策是正确的，并有坚定的决心继续奉行这一政策。
Weseek a deep-rooted understanding through the multiplication of our economic, cultur-al,scientific , technical and human ties.译为：我们要通过加强我们之间的经济、文化、科学、技术和人员等方面的交流来加深彼此的了解。
Rockets heve found applications for zhe exploration of the universe 译为：火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom ,it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics 译为：如果我们不知道原子的结构，我们我们就不可能研究核子物理学。
Electronic control techniques can be designed to take full advantage of quick response in-herent in a gas turbine proulsion system译为：电子控制技术可以充分地利用燃气轮机推进系统固有的反应快的优点。
中石化 职称英语通用部分
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】第一部分一、阅读理解：(一)How to be Happy如何获得幸福In the past two weeks过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁.塞里格曼定义的。
在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+（个人主观选择）。
本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。
第一步：平和安静Jonathon Haidit in his excellent乔纳森.海迪在他的优秀着作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。
巨大噪音会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种时对于坠落的恐惧）。
如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。
每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。
如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵得环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。
另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。
如果需要大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得带上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。
第二步：人际关系This is the most important这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。
我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。
与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们感觉到背叛和遗弃的感觉。
父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂和痛苦。
当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法是直视难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前进。
第三步：分享If you have discovered conditions如果你发觉生活状态或做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友分享。
将有用的发现和更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极的作用。
问题：What’s the happiness formula according to the passage？The formula refers to H=S+C+VWhy can we never completely adapt to…Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.。
中国石化集团公司专业技术人员外语水平考试 英语
中国石化集团公司专业技术人员外语水平考试英语全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Okay, here we go!Title: My Experience Taking the English Proficiency Test at Sinopec GroupHey guys! So, I want to tell you about this super cool experience I had recently – taking the English proficiency test at Sinopec Group! It was a big deal because Sinopec is a huge company and they want all their professional technical staff to be super good at English.First of all, I had to study really hard for the test. I spent a lot of time practicing my reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. I read English books and articles, wrote lots of essays, listened to English songs and podcasts, and practiced speaking with my friends.When the big day finally arrived, I was so nervous! But I did my best and tried to stay calm. The test had different sectionslike multiple choice questions, short answer questions, and a speaking test. It was challenging but also fun!After the test, I felt relieved and proud of myself for completing it. I knew I had done my best and that's all that matters. I can't wait to find out my results and see how I did.Overall, taking the English proficiency test at Sinopec Group was a great experience. It helped me improve my English skills and showed me that hard work really does pay off. I'm so grateful for the opportunity and can't wait to continue learning and growing in my English abilities.Thanks for reading my article and I hope you enjoyed hearing about my adventure at Sinopec Group! Bye for now!篇2Hello everyone, today I want to talk about the English language exam for professional technical personnel at China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec).First of all, let me tell you what Sinopec is. Sinopec is one of the largest petroleum and petrochemical companies in China, and they need their employees to have good English skills because they work with people from all around the world.So, in order to make sure their employees are up to the task, Sinopec has a special English language exam for their technical personnel. This exam tests their reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills in English. It's a really important test because it shows that you can communicate effectively with people from different countries.The exam covers a wide range of topics, from technical jargon to everyday conversations. It's not easy, but if you study hard and practice your English regularly, you can definitely pass the exam.I think it's great that Sinopec cares about the English skills of their employees. It shows that they want to be a global company and work with people from all over the world. Plus, learning English is always a good thing because it opens up so many opportunities for you.In conclusion, if you want to work at Sinopec as a technical personnel, make sure you work on your English skills. It will help you not only pass the exam but also excel in your career. Good luck!篇3Hello everyone! Today I want to tell you about the English language test for professional technical personnel in China Petrochemical Corporation.First of all, let's talk about why it's important to have a good level of English for technical workers. English is a universal language that is used in many industries around the world. In the field of petrochemicals, being able to communicate effectively in English is essential for things like reading technical documents, collaborating with international partners, and staying up to date with the latest research and developments.The English language test for China Petrochemical Corporation is designed to assess the language skills of technical workers. The test covers a range of topics related to the petrochemical industry, including vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, and listening skills. It's important for technical workers to have a good level of English in order to excel in their roles and contribute to the success of the company.To prepare for the test, workers can practice their English skills by reading technical documents in English, listening to English podcasts or news reports, and practicing speaking with colleagues or friends. It's also helpful to take English languagecourses or study materials specifically tailored to the petrochemical industry.In conclusion, having a good level of English is crucial for professional technical personnel in China Petrochemical Corporation. By improving their English skills, workers can enhance their communication abilities, expand their knowledge base, and contribute to the success of the company. So let's all work hard to improve our English and achieve great results on the test! Thank you for listening.篇4Hello everyone! Today I want to talk to you about the China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (Sinopec) Foreign Language Proficiency Test in English for professional technical personnel. It's a big deal for those who work at Sinopec because they need to prove that they can communicate well in English to work with people from all over the world.The test is not easy, but it's important because Sinopec is a big company that operates in many different countries. So it's really important for the employees to be able to speak English well. They have to show that they can understand and use English in their work.The test is divided into four parts: listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The listening part is about understanding English when it's spoken to you. The reading part is about understanding English when you read it. The speaking part is about being able to talk in English. And the writing part is about being able to write in English. All of these skills are important for working at Sinopec because they have to work with people who speak English as their first language.So, if you want to work at Sinopec and be a professional technical person, you need to pass this test. It's a challenge, but it's worth it because it shows that you can communicate well in English. And that's really important for working at a big company like Sinopec. So, study hard and practice your English, and you'll do great on the test! Good luck!篇5Hi guys! Today I want to share with you all about the English proficiency exam for professional technical personnel at China Petrochemical Corporation.So what is this exam all about? Well, it's basically a test to see how good you are at speaking and understanding English. It's really important because China Petrochemical Corporation isa big company that does business with a lot of people from different countries. So if you want to work there, you need to be able to communicate in English.The exam is divided into four sections: listening, reading, speaking, and writing. In the listening section, they play recordings of people speaking in English and you have to answer questions about what you heard. It can be a bit tricky because sometimes the speakers talk really fast!Then in the reading section, you have to read passages in English and answer questions about them. Sometimes the passages are about technical stuff related to the company, so you need to know your stuff!The speaking section is probably the scariest part for most people. You have to have a conversation with the examiner in English and they ask you questions about yourself and your work. It can be nerve-wracking, but just try to relax and speak as clearly as you can.Finally, the writing section is where you have to write an essay in English on a given topic. Make sure to structure your essay well and use good grammar and vocabulary.If you pass the exam, you'll get a certificate that proves your English proficiency. This can really help you in your career at China Petrochemical Corporation.So make sure to study hard and practice your English skills as much as you can. Good luck to all of you who are taking the exam! Let's all do our best and show them what we've got!篇6Hi guys,Today I want to tell you about the English proficiency exam for professional technical staff at China Petrochemical Corporation. It's a big deal because it helps us show off our language skills and communicate better with people from around the world.The exam covers all aspects of English, like listening, speaking, reading, and writing. We have to be prepared to answer questions, have conversations, and write essays in English. It's a bit scary, but we've been practicing a lot in class to get ready.I think it's important to do well on this exam because English is such an important language in the world today. It can help usmake new friends, learn about other cultures, and do business with people in other countries. Plus, it's just cool to be able to speak another language!So wish me luck as I take the exam. I'll do my best to show off my English skills and make my school proud. And I hope all of you keep working hard on your English too. Who knows, maybe one day you'll be taking the China Petrochemical Corporation English exam too!Thanks for listening, and see you next time!篇7Oh my gosh! Guess what? I just took the foreign language proficiency test at Sinopec Group. It was so exciting andnerve-wracking at the same time!First of all, let me tell you a little bit about Sinopec Group. It is a super big company in China that deals with all kinds of stuff related to petroleum and natural gas. And you know what? They have this test for all the professional technical staff to check their English skills. Crazy, right?The test had different sections like listening, reading, writing, and speaking. I was so nervous during the listening sectionbecause the speakers were talking so fast! But I managed to understand most of it, phew!The reading part was not bad, but there were some tricky vocabulary words that I had to guess the meanings of. And the writing section was okay, too. I had to write an essay about my favorite hobby, which is playing soccer.Finally, the speaking section was the most fun and also the most challenging. I had to talk about a random topic for two minutes straight. I chose to talk about my dream vacation to Disneyland. It was so much fun imagining all the rides and meeting Mickey Mouse!Overall, I think I did okay on the test. I just hope I pass so I can keep my job at Sinopec Group. Fingers crossed!篇8Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about the English language exam for professional technical personnel at Sinopec Group.The exam is super important because English is like a universal language that helps us communicate with people from all around the world. And since Sinopec is a big company withlots of international connections, it's really important for us to have good English skills.The exam is not easy, but if we study hard and practice a lot, we can all do well! We have to focus on grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, and speaking. It's a lot of work, but it's worth it in the end.I love studying English because it's fun to learn new words and phrases. Plus, it's cool to be able to talk to people from different countries without any problems. And who knows, maybe one day I'll get to travel to a foreign country and use my English skills!So let's all work hard and study for the English exam. We can do it if we believe in ourselves and put in the effort. Good luck to everyone taking the exam, and let's all strive to improve our English skills together! Thank you!篇9Oh my goodness, I can't believe I have to take the Chinese Petroleum Corporation's professional technical staff foreign language exam in English! It sounds so fancy and important, but I'm just a little kid trying to learn English.Well, I guess I should start by saying that it's really cool that the Chinese Petroleum Corporation cares about their staff's language skills. Speaking English can help us communicate with people from all over the world, which is super important in today's globalized world.I've been practicing my English a lot lately, learning new words and phrases. I hope I can do well on the exam and impress everyone with my language skills.I know that studying can be tough sometimes, but I believe that if I work hard and stay focused, I can do anything. Plus, I have my friends and teachers to support me along the way.I'm excited to see how I do on the exam and to keep improving my English skills. Who knows, maybe one day I'll be able to travel to different countries and speak English fluently.But for now, I'll just keep practicing and doing my best. Wish me luck on the exam, I'll do my best to make everyone proud! Thank you for giving me this opportunity to show what I can do. Let's go, English exam, here I come!篇10Hey guys, did you know that China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec Group) is conducting English proficiency exams for their professional technical staff? It's a really cool opportunity for them to show off their language skills and maybe even improve their career prospects.The exam tests their reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills in English. It's super important for them to be able to communicate with colleagues from different countries and work on international projects. Plus, it's always fun to learn a new language, right?I think it's great that Sinopec is encouraging their employees to keep on learning and growing. It shows that they really care about their staff and want them to succeed. I bet all the employees are studying hard and preparing for the exam.I hope they all do well and show off their English skills. Who knows, maybe some of them will even get a promotion because of it. Keep up the good work, Sinopec employees! You guys rock!。
中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考用书(高级)
中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考用书（高级）（试用版）目录第一部分通用英语UNIT1-UNIT30┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈1-127第二部分石油化工专业英语油气工程UNIT1-UNIT20┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈128-176炼化工程UNIT1-UNIT20┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈177-2161/216第一部分通用英语UNIT1HowtobeHappyInthepattwoweekwehavelookedatthehappineformuladefinedbypoiti vepychologitMartinSeligman,whereH(happine)=S(yourbiologicaletpoi ntforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoic eyoumake).Thiweekwelookattheconditioninlifethatcanimproveourhapp inequotient.Step1:PeaceandquietStep2:Relationhip2/216invidioulycontaminateourwellbeing,quattinginideourmindaunreo lved,detructiverumination.Whenfacedwithuchrelationhip,themotpoit ivethingwecandoitoeithermendtherelationhipbyconfrontingwhatigoin gwrongorlearntomoveon.Step3:ShareIfyouhavedicoveredconditionorchoiceinlifethathaveignificantl yimprovedyourwellbeing,Iwouldliketoharethemwithreader.Paingonwha tworkieentialtoimproveourownandthewellbeingofother.如何获得幸福：寻找幸福公式？过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁塞利格曼定义的。
中石化职称英语手排可直接缩印版(炼化部分)英译汉、汉译英
1.■Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting of a 石油或原油是天然形成的、有毒的、可燃性的液体，是含有不同分子量的碳氢化合物以及其它有机化合物的复杂混合物。
它是在地球表面下的地质层中发现的。
石油大部分是通过石油钻探开采得到的。
石油很容易按不同馏程进行炼制和分离成为大量的消费产品，从汽油、煤油到沥青以及用作制造塑料和药品的化学试剂///严格意义上来说，石油仅仅包含原油，但是惯用法上，它包括石油和天然气。
石油和天然气主要是烃类混合物。
在地面压力和温度条件下，轻质的碳氢化合物甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和丁烷以气体的形式出现，而重质的碳氢化合物如戊烷和重于戊烷的烃都是以液体或固体的形式出现。
然而，在地下油藏，气体或液体的比例变化的取决于亚地表层条件和石油混合物的相图。
//油井主要生产原油，伴有一些天然气溶解在其中。
因为地表的压力低于地下的压力，一些气体将从溶液中溢出，或者以伴生气或溶解气被回收（或燃烧）。
气井主要是产生天然气。
然而，由于地下温度和压力比地表高一些，气体中或许含有较重的碳氢化合物，例如气态的戊烷、己烷和庚烷。
在地表条件下，这些较重的碳氢化合物将会从气体中析出，形成天然气的凝聚物，经常简称为凝析油。
凝析油外观上类似于汽油，组成类似于一些挥发性的轻原油。
2.■Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct 石化产品通常指直接或间接地从石油中提炼的化合物，这些化合物往往是石油炼制各种过程中产生的副产品。
汽油、煤油、燃料油、润滑油、石蜡、沥青以及诸如此类的产品不属于石化产品。
因为，从严格意义上说，它们不是化合物，而是烃类的混合物。
像“石化产品”这样的物质分类用来表明化合物的来源。
中国石化职称英语-高级
UNIT 1 How to be Happy如何获得幸福TextIn the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.Step 1: Peace and quietJonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council. Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.Step 2: RelationshipsThis is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.Step 3: ShareIf you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others.过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。
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这些产品满足全国用户的需求，经多年使用，深受广大用户的好评 The products
meet the need of the customers all over the country and enjoy high prestige for many 6. 我们必须把科学研究和生产实际问题结合起来 Scientific research and practical years problems in production must be linked up
坚持实现四个现代化是社会主义建设的大方向 The general orientation of socialist 20. 使用电子显微镜，可以获得大得多的放大率 With the electron microscope much construction is to adhere to the realization of four modernizations 她最大的业余爱好是养花种草 To grow flowers/Growing flowers/Gardening is her favorite pastime 预计今年的工业产量可比去年增长百分之八 The industrial production this year is expected to increase by 8% over that of last year 目前，对各种消费品的需求已大大增加 Now there is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods 重要的是，不要把中国搞成一个封闭性的国家 What is important is that we should never turn China back into a closed country 是否应继续使用这一方法，部分取决于是否还有其他形式的解决办法可供采用 The answer to the question of whether one should continue using the method depends in part on whether other forms of solutions are available 1. 这辆汽车的无线电收音机已经装好了 This automobile has been installed with a radio-set. 2. 这座大型水力发电站的供电量很大 This large hydroelectric power plant gives a large supply of power. 3. 一台典型的无线电发射机的功率是 100 千瓦 A typical radio transmitter has a power of 100 kilowatts. 4. 懒惰的人不会成功 Laziness makes success impossible. greater magnification can be obtained 乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物 The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural areas 当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on now energetically in our country 你我和其他任何人都没有看见 Neither you not I nor anybody else has seen it 不是你错就是我错 Either you are or I am wrong 当我去看她时，她总是在学习英语 She is always studying English when I visit her 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学物质的爆炸 His absent-mindedness during the experiments nearly caused an explosion of the chemicals 到目前， 热加工和冷加工还在进行， 使材料的性能改善 Up to now ,hot-working and cold-working have been continued to improve the properties of materials 在实验开始以前， 一切器件都已准备好了 All the apparatus had been prepared before the experiment began 又有一座立交桥将于年底通车 Another flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of this year 那 个 城 市 因 地 震 而 遭 到 严 重 破 坏 The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake 介绍新书 recommend a new book
用塑料可以制成各种各样的生活必需品 All sorts of necessaries of life can be made 16. 学习外国的经验，必须有分析、有批判地学，不能盲目地学 We must learn foreign of plastics 因为天气太糟，我们未能成行 Bad weather made us cancel our trip 通过进一步研究，科学家们推测存在着一种迄今为止尚未为人所知的粒子 Further investigation led the scientists to conjecture about the existence of a previously unknown particle 昨天他们表演得很成功 Their performance yesterday was very successful experience with an analytical and critical eye, not blindly 17. 不搞改革开放，不坚持开放政策，实现现代化的战略目标就不可能实现 We cannot reach our strategic goal of realizing modernization unless we carry out reforms and open and the door wide and adhere to the open policy 18. 如果从水中除去足够的热量，就可把水变成冰 The removal of enough heat from water may change it into ice
航空公司在最后一刻取消了航班， 旅行团被迫改变行程 The last-minute cancellation 19. 只要有一线希望，就不放弃谈判 So long as there is a chance, we will never abandon of the flight by the airline compelled the travel group to change its itinerary the negotiation
本厂生产的石油产品有燃料油类、溶剂油类等 9 个类别，累计 80 多个品种牌号 7. 我们必须合理利用现有资源促进我们的经济发展 The economic growth of our Our factory produces more than 80 falling into 9 categories including fuel oils, solvent oils, etc. 超声波频率太高，听不见 Ultrasonic waves are too high in frequency to hear 轻工部优质产品 products awarded for high quality by the Ministry of Light Industry 物质总是在变化着 Matter has always been changing 人们应该适应社会变化 People should adapt (themselves) to social changes 年轻时，阅读科普读物大大扩展了他的知识领域 When young, reading popular science books greatly widened his range of knowledge 这些塑料的质量很高 Such plastics are high in quality 各种材料的磁特性有很大的不同 Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics 中国的人均农业土地面积比不上世界上其他许多国家 China compares unfavorably with many other countries in terms of per capita agricultural land 热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作， 建立和发展贸易关系 Customers from country must rely on rational utilization of available resources 8. 我没有注意到这个错误 The mistake escaped my notice 9. 只有在显微镜下才能看见红血球 A microscope is needed (for us) to see red cells 10. 2008 年奥运会将在北京举行 Beijing will host (be the host city for) the 2008 Olympic Games 11. 我们只要仔细探询一下，就会发现这一宏伟计划漏洞百出 A close scrutiny will reveal to us many loopholes in this ambitious plan 12. 在解决环境问题时，不仅要考虑各国的眼前利益，还要考虑全世界的长远利益 When we tackle environmental problems, consideration should be given to both immediate interests of respective countries and long-term interests of the whole world 13. 任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质 Matter is anything having weight and occupying space 14. 我国的一项基本国策是发展乡镇企业 It is an integral part of our national policy to promote the growth of township and village enterprises