MBA系统班英语阅读-马老师讲义2

Reading skills and strategies ----A Gateway to MBA readingIntroduction •Goodman said, “Reading is apsycholinguistic guessing game.”•二语阅读理解不是简单理解文章的每个单词，每个句子，每个段落。

相反，读者有目的，有选择地寻找他们感兴趣的内容。

从某一程度来讲，阅读理解是作者与读者之间的互动。

自上而下和自下而上的过程。

Reading skills to be tested：•Locating a specific detail•Getting the gist of the passage or the paragraph•Deducing the meaning •Understanding the writer’s attitude or points of view•Drawing the inference (Making a prediction included)•ReferenceReading strategies (morerelated to test taking )•Read a text passage first and make a mental note of where different kind of information is 先看全文，然后默记各条信息在文中的位置•Return to the text passage to look for the answer after reading the question a second time看题第二遍后，回到课文中寻找答案•Find the portion of the text that the question refers to and then look for clues to the answer•找到文中出题题区，再找答案的线索•Use the process of elimination排除法Select a choice because the other choices do not seem reasonable, because they seem similar or overlapping, or because their meaning is not clear to you •Take advantage of clues appearing in other items to answer the item under consideration•利用其他选项中的线索答题•Make an educated guess (e.g. use background knowledge or extra textual knowledge )•作明智的推测•Identifying or inferring main ideas by skimming通过略读了解主题•understanding the relationships between the parts of a text了解文章各部分的关系•distinguishing main idea from minor ideas分清主次思想•Distinguish the mentioned information and unmentioned one.•Distinguish the related information and unrelated one.•Distinguishing opinions from facts •continuing reading , even when unsuccessful 坚持读到底Practice makes perfect (实例说明)•Scanning for a specific detail•Skimming for the main idea (searching for the key words first, then work out the main idea)•Drawing inferenceWhile there is never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of acancer patient at diagnosis is 67.* Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. ChildrenB. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adultsD. Elderly peopleEven then several states automatically exempted from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.* Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states A.They were automatically banned bystate lawsB.they fell far short of the requiredqualificationsC.They were supposed to performdomestic dutiesD.they tended to evade publicengagement•Making use of discourse markers and others markers that signal discourse organization •Sequencing 顺序first of all, next, at this point, in conclusion etc.•Re-expressing 重复that is to say, or rather, to put it another way•Specifying 具体化namely, that is say, to wit.•Referring 指示in this respect, in that connection, as we said apart from this.•Exemplifying 举例to illustrate this, a case in point.•Summarizing 总结to sum up, in short, to recapitulate, in retrospect•Focusing 强调重点let us consider, we must now turn to…I shall begin by…•Additive 增添What is more, moreover, furthermore in addition•提出后面的事实•de-rephrasing a further point. accidentally •comparing a further point with a previous one likewise, similarly •Adversative 相反•Denying expectation yet, though, however, nevertheless•Admitting the unexpected actually•as a matter of fact•Correcting from expected to unexpected instead, on the contrary•Contrasting on the other hand,•at the same time•Dismissing in any case, anyhow, at all events•Causal (指因果，目的，条件关系)•General so, hence, therefore, consequently, thus•Reason for this reason, it naturally follows that•Result as a result, arising from this, so…that•Purpose with this in mind, to this end, in order that•Condition if, unless, in that case •Degree of truth certainly, obviously, doubtlessly•真实性的程度presumably, admittedly •judgment rightly, surprising, fortunately, more importantly•According to a recent survey on money and relationship, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship, in truth it may just as a form of financial protection.•The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because ________.A. “escape fund”helps one throughrainy daysB. days are getting harder and harderC woman are money sensitiveD financial conflicts often occur•In my research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for career to accompany a husband to his, or doing for more than their share of daily life support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead, they focused on communication.What is most wives’main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to themB.Trusting themC.Supporting their careersD.Sharing houseworkMaking use of background knowledge to narrow down the right choiceThe three Ds ---death, debt and divorce ---still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away. Waiting for confidence to return. •The three Ds mentioned are _____.A.Auction houses’favoritesB.Contemporary trendsC.Factors promoting artwork circulationD.Style representing Impressionists •The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s salebecause_______A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisisMaking a prediction“I am not saying the challenge isn’t almost overwhelming,”says Fred Krupp “But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.”The paragraph immediately following this passage would probably deal with ______.• A. The new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against globalwarmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how American can tide over economiccrisis •Convenience food helps companies by creating growth; but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy.What might the previous paragraphs deal with?A. The relationship between meals and convenience food.B. The importance of convenience food in people’s life.C. The rise of convenience food.D. The history of food industry.Understanding the author’s attitude* approving, positive, enthusiastic, concerned, confident, optimistic* neutral, objective* negative, critical, questioning, suspicious, depressed, hostile, doubtful, pessimistic, compromising, indifferent, detached, prejudiced biased uncertain＊It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. The world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future isＡ．Uncertain Ｂ．unrealistic Ｃ．foreseeable Ｄ．definiteNow there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order. …Although174 countries approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. ..•What is the author’s attitude towards America’s policies on global warming?A．Critical B. indifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising •…there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.•The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement onpeople’s habits isA.IndifferentB.NegativeC.positiveD.biasedWays to get the meaning of a new word or a phrase in the context*The result was her own personal “cancer posse”: a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity.•This episode crystallizes the irony that althoughAmerican men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”meansA. generating motivationB. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure •Having announced his aim in advance, Macdonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this darling test of its networking power.•The word “techies”probably refers to those who are _______.A。