高三英语复习——概要写作

概要写作Step 1. 分析文章1（高考样卷）Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far？Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Step 2.看下面段落是否需要必要支持信息?1.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who atemeals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colorslike yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.（2018年云南高考英语试卷真题）2.We will also have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if weget up early. For example, if everyone in the family gets up early, wife will have enough time toprepare the breakfast for the whole family. Children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and husband will never forget to change his dirty shirt. Everything is in order. What a harmoniousscene! However, if we get up late, we'll probably have to do everything in a great hurry, making itin a mess.（2012-2013学年广东揭阳一中高二下期第二次阶段考试）3.Indeed, the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question.“It is unknown what came first, elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connectionbetween student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom.” Oberlin said a stressfulclassroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers’ ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute tostudents’ needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisollevels in students.（浙江省2018届高考英语二轮复习写作提升）Step 3. 分析下面两篇文章AIn the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. Since the 18th century, scientists thought cleaning away dirt is good to health. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush encourages children to build up a strong immune system.BThere is difference attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin could prevent disease, so they refuse to take a bath. Since the 18th century, people have changed the idea. They use clean water and washing hand to prevent disease. Many first-time parents are now worried about their children touched dirt because they think the kids may suffer from disease. A scientist encourages childrento play dirt to build up immune system so we don’t have to worry about it.Step 4.文章主旨句和支持信息转换1. There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.词和短语: nothing fixed: different, mixed, various，not the sameattitudes: opinions, views, ideasto: towards句子：people think2. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.词和短语：think: believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convinced….block out disease: prevent/protect/keep away … from illness句子：主被动句型转化the disease can be blocked out by the dirt on the skin3.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.词和短语：clean away: wash off, get rid ofbe good to: benefits, be beneficial to, do good to, contribute to, keep us healthy句子：Dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor找出问题：About 200 years ago, dirt was regarded as a good thing so we should wash dirt off our body. 4.Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.词和短语：encourages：believe, support, agree, approve….build up：help, improve, strengthenMary Ruebush, an American immunologist：some scientists句子：省略不必要部分Step 5. 衔接整合表层次:First; Second; What’s more; In addition; Apart from this; Last but not least;表转折: However, nevertheless, yet, but, regardless of表让步: Although/ Though, in spite of; Despite the fact that…;表因果: Because/ As…; Since/ Now that, …Therefore, thus,…, so…;表递进: not only…, but also…表概括: In a word; In short; To sum up;并列：and, also, too, as well as, either…or…Answer:People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. Nowadays, the attitudes is still different, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.课堂练习：1.同义替换influence=impact, effectdisadvantage=weaknessduty=responsibility, obligationstate=situation, circumstance, condition opinion=viewpoint, standpoint, perspective information=message, data, figure, statistics chance=opportunity, alternative feature=characteristic, traitadvise=suggest, recommend, propose understand= have a good command of encourage=motivate，stimulate，inspire important=key, crucial, significant, vital bad=harmful, awful, terrible, poor, ill good=optimistic, active, positive2.词性转换prefer→n. preference wise→n. wisdomtend→n. tendency origin→adj. original use→n. usageaccess→adj. accessible just→v. justify emphasis→v. emphasize simple→v. simplify realization→v. realize3.修改下列句子，使之更为简洁①. Although a lot of people were strongly against it, three more nuclear power stations were built.Answer: Another three nuclear power stations were built despite the strong oppositions.②. Besides, one has to consider who he is spending the holiday with.Answer: Another consideration is the companion.③. A private American organization called Population Action International (PAI) has just conducted a study and says more than 335 million people, who mostly live in poor areas, do not have enough water for daily life and work.Answer: According to a study, more than 335 million people, mostly living in poor areas, are suffering from water shortage.4.段落概括Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eye. Other times the person who is lying will try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth. If someone does either of these things they might be lying. You can judge a lying person by either looking at you strongly or not looking.Answer：You can judge a lying person by either looking at you strongly or not looking.5.概要练习【2012-2013学年广东揭阳一中高二下期第二次阶段考试】Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. Nowadays, people still hold the same view. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other time of the day.Additionally, if we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier. That is why many people getting up early do physical exercise year after year.We will also have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example, if everyone in the family gets up early, wife will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family. Children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and husband will never forget to change his dirty shirt. Everything is in order. What a harmonious scene! However, if we get up late, we'll probably have to do everything in a great hurry, making it in a mess.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit. If you are a late riser, you mayfind it difficult to form the habit of getting up early. You will have to make efforts to do so. If you want to get up early, sleeping earlier the night before expect to be successful. Besides, you can set your alarm clock or ask someone whom you know will be awake at that time to call you. If you stick to getting up early every day, you will certainly benefit a lot from it.阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。