雅思阅读预测真题库4参考答案
雅思考试阅读理解模拟预测试题及答案解析
雅思考试阅读理解模拟预测试题及答案解析雅思考试阅读理解模拟预测试题及答案解析生活的全部意义在于无穷地探索尚未知道的东西，在于不断地增加更多的知识。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的`雅思考试阅读理解模拟预测试题及答案解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Alok Jha, science correspondentThursday January 11, 2007The Guardian1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You canregard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel."6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before."8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour.13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.(665 words)Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write TRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about ProfessorSeymour’s work on the virus therapy.3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used asa new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.Question 7-9Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.rmation about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found(A) on TV(B) in magazines(C) on internet(D) in newspapers8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to(A) change the body’ immune system(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.(C) increase the amount of injection(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.Questions 10-13Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.In the first clinical trials, scien tists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments wi ll firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers List of Wordsdosage responding smallpox virusdisable natural ones injectdirected treatment cold-like illnesskill patients examinedAnswers Keys:1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。
剑桥雅思8解析阅读Test4
目录剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test4Passage1 (2)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test4Passage2 (9)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test4Passage3 (14)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test4Passage1文章结构体裁：说明文主要内容：本文主要介绍了日本在数学领域取得的成就以及如何在教育上取得成功。
结构：Section A :日本和英国相比在数学方面取得的成就。
Section B :日本学校的装饰特点和课程模式。
Section C :介绍了 Monbusho 的影响。
Section D :介绍如何对待作业问题和新课程的传授。
Section E :如何帮助后进学生。
Section F :获得数学教育成功的因素。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：考题解析Questions 1-5●题型归类 :List of Headings题目解析题目编号题目选项句意段落主题句题解1vii 日本中学教育的背景Section B 第一个小段落的首句 Lower secondaryschools in Japan coverthree school years ...答案 vii Section B 重点介绍了日本中学的一个基本情况,其主题句就在第一个小段落的段首,比较容易找到。
2 i Monbush 的影响本段第 2 句话答案 i 本段着重介绍了 Monbusho并对其展开说明。
本段的第 2 句话引出了 Monbusho 这个概念,后面则重点介绍了 Monbusho 对日本数学教育带来的影响。
3v 数学课的典型模式Section D 第一个小段落的首句 Lessons all followthe same pattern.答案 v Section D 介绍了家庭作业以及新课的授课形式。
其中第一个小段落的首句话为主题句,点明了课程遵循一个相同的模式,之后则具体阐述了这个模式是如何运转的。
4ii 帮助不太成功的学生Teachers say答案 ii Section E 重点说明教师如何帮助后进学生。
雅思4真题答案大全及解析
雅思4真题答案大全及解析雅思考试是全球范围内最受欢迎的英语水平测试之一。
无论是留学、移民还是就业，雅思成绩都是很多人必备的证明之一。
然而，由于考试的难度和复杂性，许多考生对于雅思的真题答案和解析都有很大的需求。
在这篇文章中，我们将为大家提供一份雅思4真题的答案大全及解析，希望能够帮助大家更好地备考雅思。
第一部分：听力（Listening）雅思听力部分是考试中的第一项内容，也是一项相对较难的任务。
在这一部分中，考生需要通过听录音来回答一系列的问题。
以下是一份雅思4听力部分的答案及解析。
Section 1:1. C Explanation: The speaker mentioned that the party would be held in the garden.2. B Explanation: The speaker stated that the swimming pool would be open on weekends only.3. A Explanation: The speaker mentioned the price of the membership.4. C Explanation: The speaker discussed the different activities available at the club.5. A Explanation: The speaker mentioned the importanceof booking in advance.Section 2:6. B Explanation: The speaker talked about the new art exhibition at the museum.7. A Explanation: The speaker mentioned the time and location of an upcoming lecture.8. C Explanation: The speaker stated that theexhibition would run for a month.9. A Explanation: The speaker discussed the discounts available for senior citizens.10. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned that guided tours are provided on Tuesdays.Section 3:11. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned the importance of the research topic.12. A Explanation: The speaker discussed thedifficulties they faced during the research.13. C Explanation: The speaker talked about the method they used for data collection.14. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned thesignificance of their findings.15. A Explanation: The speaker stated the implications of the research.Section 4:16. C Explanation: The speaker discussed the characteristics of different types of plants.17. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned the benefits of gardening for mental health.18. A Explanation: The speaker stated that gardening isa popular hobby in the country.19. C Explanation: The speaker discussed the importance of soil quality for plant growth.20. B Explanation: The speaker mentioned the upcoming gardening workshop.以上是雅思4听力部分的答案及解析。
雅思阅读试题集锦与解答
雅思阅读试题集锦与解答雅思阅读概述雅思(IELTS)阅读模块旨在评估考生的阅读理解能力，包括词汇量、语法理解、信息提取、判断与推断等。
雅思阅读共有40题，分为三个部分，考试时间60分钟。
本文档收集了各类雅思阅读试题，并提供详细的解答，帮助考生更好地备战雅思阅读。
试题集锦与解答第一部分：段落匹配题在雅思阅读中，段落匹配题是一种常见的题型，要求考生根据题目顺序找到文章中对应的段落。
试题1：根据文章内容，回答以下问题。
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?2. Which paragraph discusses the causes of the problem?3. What is the solution proposed in the last paragraph?解答：1. The main idea of the first paragraph is to provide an overview of the topic.2. The causes of the problem are discussed in the second paragraph.第二部分：信息匹配题信息匹配题要求考生在文章中找到与题目相对应的信息点。
试题2：根据文章内容，将以下句子与正确的段落编号匹配。
1. "The government should take responsibility for the issue." - Paragraph 42. "Public awareness campaigns have shown positive results." - Paragraph 43. "Industry experts believe that technology can play a significant role in solving the problem." - Paragraph 3解答：1. - Paragraph 42. - Paragraph 53. - Paragraph 3第三部分：填空题填空题要求考生根据文章内容填入合适的词语，包括名词、动词、形容词等。
剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 4(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 4（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Doctoring salesPharmaceuticals is one of the most profitable industries in North America. But do the drugs industry’s sales and marketing strategies go too far?A A few months ago Kim Schaefer, sales representative of a major global pharmaceutical company, walked into a medical center in New York to bring information and free samples of her company’s latest products. That day she was lucky - a doctor was available to see her. 'The last rep offered me a trip to Florida. What do you have?’ the physician asked. He was only half Joking.B What was on offer that day was a pair of tickets for a New York musical. But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer Is typical for today's drugs rep - a car trunk Full of promotional gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches and dinners for a small country, hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe her new product to the next six patients who fit the drug's profile. And she also has a few $ 1,000 honoraria to offer in exchange for doctors' attendance at her company's next educational lecture.C Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical Judgment. Salespeople like Schaefer walk the line between the common practice of buying a prospect’s time with a free meal, and bribing doctors to prescribe their drugs. They work In an industry highly criticized for Its sales and marketing practices, but find themselves in the middle of the age-old chicken-or-egg question-businesses won't use strategies that don’t work, so are doctors to blame for the escalating extravagance of pharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the industry's responsibility to decide the boundaries?D The explosion in the sheer number of salespeople in the field-and the amount of funding used to promote their causes - forces close examination of the pressures, influences and relationships between drug reps and doctors. Salespeople provide much-needed Information and education to physicians. In many cases the glossy brochures, article reprints and prescriptions they deliver are primary sources of drug education for healthcare givers. With the huge investment the industry has placed in face-to-face selling, salespeople have essentially become specialists in one drug or group of drugs-a tremendous advantage in getting the attention of busy doctors in need of quick Information.E But the sales push rarely stops in the office. The flashy brochures and pamphlets left by the sales reps are often followed up with meals at expensive restaurants, meetings in warm and sunny places, and an inundation of promotional gadgets. Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that isn’t emblazoned with a drug's name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing a pharmaceutical company's logo. Millions of dollars are spent by pharmaceutical companies on promotional products like coffee mugs, shirts, umbrellas, and golf balls. Money well spent? It’s hard to tell. 'I've been the recipient of golf balls from one company and I use them, but it doesn’t make me prescribe their medicine’, says one doctor, 'I tend to think I’m not influenced by whatthey give me.'F Free samples of new and expensive drugs might be the single most effective way of getting doctors and patients to become loyal to a product. Salespeople hand out hundreds of dollars’ worth of samples each week- $7.2 billion worth of them in one year. Though few comprehensive studies have been conducted, one by the University of Washington Investigated how drug sample availability affected what physicians prescribe. A total of 131 doctors self-reported their prescribing patterns - the conclusion was that the availability of samples led them to dispense and prescribe drugs that differed from their preferred drug choice.G The bottom line is that pharmaceutical companies as a whole invest more in marketing than they do in research and development. And patients are the ones who pay-in the form of sky-rocketing prescription prices - for every pen that's handed out, every free theatre ticket, and every steak dinner eaten. In the end the fact remains that pharmaceutical companies have every right to make a profit and will continue to find new ways to Increase sales. But as the medical world continues to grapple with what's acceptable and what’s not, it is clear that companies must continue to be heavily scrutinized for their sales and marketing strategies.Question 1-7Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1 - 7 on your answer sheet.1 Paragraph A2 Paragraph B3 Paragraph C4 Paragraph D5 Paragraph E6 Paragraph F7 Paragraph GQuestion 8-13Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage8. Sales representatives like Kim Schaefer work to a very limited budget.9. Kim Schaefer's marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds.10. The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.11. Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment.12. The drug companies may give free drug samples to patients without doctors’ prescriptions.13. It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Do literate women make better mothers?Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago, but until now no one has been able to show that a woman's ability to read in itself improves her children's chances of survival.Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival. In 1979, the government of Nicaragua established a number of social programmes, including A National Literacy Crusade. By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the Country, many of whom had never attended primary school, had learnt how to read, write and use numbers.During this period, researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women: some of whom had learn to read as children, some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all. The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died ininfancy. The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well-nourished they were.The investigators' findings were striking. In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. At this point in their lives, those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality (105/1000). For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand.In 1985, after the National Literacy Crusade had ended, the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged. For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate. The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.Why are the children of literate mothers better off? According to Peter Sandiford of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, no one knows for certain. Child health was not on the curriculum during the women's lessons, so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors. They are working with the same group of 3,000 women, to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics, opt for smaller families, exert more control at home, learn modern childcare techniques more quickly, or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources. Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female education, at any age, is 'an important health intervention in its own right'. The results of the study lend support to the World Bank's recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased, not just to help their economies, but also to improve child health. 'We've known for a long time that maternal education is important,' says John Cleland of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine，'But we thought that even if we started educating girls today, we'd have to wait a generation for the pay-off. The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.'Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways, and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well. It is notoriously difficult to teach adults skills that do not have an immediate impact on their everyday lives, and many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful. 'The crusade was part of a larger effort to bring a better life to the people,' says Cleland. Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.Question 14-18Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheetNB You may use any letter more than onceThe Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade aimed to teach large numbers of illiterate14 …………to read and write. Public health experts have known for many years that there is a connection between child health and 15 ………… . However, it has not previously been known whether these two factors were directly linked or not. This question has been investigated by 16 ………… in Nicaragua. As a result, factors such as 17 ………… and attitude to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that 18 ………… can in itself improve infant health and survival.Question 19-24Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 19-24 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage19. About a thousand of the women interviewed by the researchers had learnt to read when they were children.20. Before the National Literacy Crusade, illiterate women had approximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school.21. Before and after the National Literacy Crusade, the child mortality rate for the illiterate women stayed at about 110 deaths for each thousand live births.22. The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade showed the greatest change in infant mortality levels.23. The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade had the lowest rates of child mortality.24. After the National Literacy Crusade, the children of the women who remained illiterate were found to be severely malnourished.Question 25-26Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study are mentioned by the writer of the passage?A. It is better to educate mature women than young girls.B. Similar campaigns in other countries would be equally successful.C. The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly.D. Improving child health can quickly affect a country's economy.E. Money spent on female education will improve child health.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Persistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face. How can it be prevented? Peter Smith, Professor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, directed the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Intervention Project, funded by the Department for Education. Here hereports on his findings.A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal - being taunted or called hurtful names -to the physical - being kicked or shoved - as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.B Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.C Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. There is no bullying at this school has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.D Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 1992, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted before and after evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved. The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.E Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed. The policy should be developed through consultation, over a period of time - not just imposed from the head teachersoffice! Pupils, parents and staff should feel they have been involved in the policy, which needs to be disseminated and implemented effectively.Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. These are useful for raising awareness, and can best be tied in to early phases of development, while the school is starting to discuss the issue of bullying. They are also useful in renewing the policy for new pupils, or revising it in the light of experience. But curriculum work alone may only have short-term effects; it should be an addition to policy work, not a substitute.There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying such as no blame, can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly, although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting, and help them break up conflicts. Another possibility is to improve the playground environment, so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying from boredom or frustration.F With these developments, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying can largely be prevented. The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be. The reduction in bullying -and the consequent improvement in pupil happiness - is surely a worthwhile objective.Questions 27-30Reading Passage 3 has six sections, A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections A-D from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.28 Section B29 Section C30 Section DQuestions 31-34Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet.31 A recent survey found that in British secondary schoolsA there was more bullying than had previously been the case.B there was less bullying than in primary schools.C cases of persistent bullying were very common.D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.32 Children who are bulliedA are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.B find it more difficult to relate to adults.C are less likely to be violent in later life.D may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.33 The writer thinks that the declaration There is no bullying at this schoolA is no longer true in many schools.B was not in fact made by many schools.C reflected the schools lack of concern.D reflected a lack of knowledge and resources.34 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?A Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.B Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.C Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.D Bullying is a less serious problem in Norway than in the UK.Questions 35-39Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35........ which makes the schools attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36........as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs.In addition, action can be taken through the 37........This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38….....of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a no blame approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective.Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere 39......... .Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 3?A Bullying: what parents can doB Bullying: are the media to blame?C Bullying: the link with academic failureD Bullying: from crisis management to prevention参考答案1 v2 vi3 iii4 ix5 i6 vii7 x8 NO9 YES10 NO11 YES12 NOT GIVEN13 YES14 B15 F16 C17 J18 F19 NOT GIVEN20 NO21 YES22 YES23 NO24 NOT GIVEN25 & 26 (In Either Order): C E27 iv28 vi29 v30 vii31 B32 D33 D34 A35 policy36 (explicit) guidelines37 (school) curriculum38 victims39 playful fighting40 D。
阅读及答案4雅思阅读真题及答案
阅读及答案4 雅思阅读真题及答案人们对它的误解。
麻雀素有“家雀”之誉。
它适应力强，能飞善跳，喜爱群居，乐于与人类为伴。
①麻雀的巢如同半个皮球那么大，通常筑在房顶，瓦头檐槽之间的空隙里，也有的筑在灌木或草丛旁，栖息在乡村和公园里的麻雀，很少飞离老家三里之外。
人们常用“自投罗网”形容麻雀的愚蠢。
一位研究麻雀的科学家认为，麻雀在鸟类中是比较聪明的。
在一次实验中，只有3%的麻雀一次被捉，有的麻雀甚至在一旁等待敏捷的小山雀在罗网里把饵叼出来，然后“半路打劫”。
世界著名心理学家波尔特，通过对麻雀的测验，发现它的记忆能力竟能和猴子相比拟。
麻雀虽然在播种时或农作物成熟时糟蹋粮食，但在其他季节及城市里，则是消灭害虫杂草的能手。
特别是在幼雏期，麻雀更是大量捕捉害虫哺养幼雀。
这里有两个例子能说明麻雀的功过：18世纪时，普鲁士国王曾因麻雀啄食他所喜欢吃的桃子，悬赏在全国消灭麻雀。
由于麻雀被捕灭得所剩无几，结果毛虫泛滥成灾。
②19世纪时，美国波士顿的毛虫给庄稼造成了极大的危害。
人们为消灭毛虫，从欧洲引进麻雀专门对付毛虫，使庄稼得以摆脱虫患。
为此，人们在当地建起了一座“麻雀纪念碑”。
我国现在的问题不是麻雀多了，某些地方甚至听不到麻雀叽叽喳喳的声音，这应当引起我们的注意。
1．第二自然段概括了麻雀的特点是（）。
2．请你根据文中信息进行判断（对的画√，错的画ⅹ）（1）在一次实验中，有97%的麻雀不会二次被捉。
（）（2）麻雀其实是一种愚蠢的鸟。
（）（3）麻雀素有“家雀”之誉，它们很少飞离老家两三里之外。
（）3．科学家认为麻雀是“比较聪明的”，这种说法的根据是4．请写出画线部分运用了何种说明方法。
①②（二）人的一生中，总会出现困境。
每当陷入困境时，我就会不由自主地想起那次迷路。
那是暑假期间，我与好友李强到一处森林旅游，因贪恋景色，不知不觉走进了森林腹地。
迷路时，天色已晚。
我们在山脊上走，开始路还相当宽阔，后来越走越窄。
根据经验估计，我们左右都是无底的深渊。
雅思阅读预测真题库4解析
预测四Animal’s self Medicating背景词汇：Chimpanzees n黑猩猩Detoxify n 给...解毒Geophagy n 食土的习俗Macaw n 金刚鹦鹉Alkaloid n生物碱；植物碱基Wrinkle n 皱纹；vi 起皱Perch v 栖息Strychinin n马钱子碱Clay n 黏土Intestinal worms n肠胃中的虫子Livestock n 牲畜Ingredients n 元素Microscopic adj微观的Herbivore n草食性同义替换：判断1-51、对应在A段第一句：For the past decade Dr. Engel,a lecturer in environmen tal sciences at Britain’s Open University, has been collecting examples of self -medicating behavior in wild animal. Ten years ago= for the past decade2、NG3、对应在C段：Davis. Macaws eat seeds containing alkaloids, a group of che micals that...4、对应在H段第一行：Dr.Engel is now particularly excited about how knowle dge of the way that animals look after themselves could be used to improve t he health of livestock.= reforming drugs for livestock选择Summary5、对应在B段中间：many species, for example consume dirt a behavior know n as grephagy soil-consuming=consume dirt6、对应在C段第一句: clay helps to detoxify the defensive poisons that some plant produce in an attempt to prevent themselves from being eaten poisons= toxic compounds7、对应在F段：chimps across Africa had been seen swallowing the leaves of 19 different species that seemed to have few suitable chemicals in common 8、对应在E段倒数第三行：some of the chimps were noticed wrinkling their n oses as they swallowed these leaves suggesting the experience was unpleasant.表格填空题9、10、由1987定位在B段第五行：dose themselves with the pith of a plant c alled Veronia this plant produces poisonous chemicals called terpenes.11、12、由1999和Macaw定位在C段第三行：Evidence for the detoxifying na ture of clay came in 1999 from an experiment carried out on macaws by Jam es Gilardi and his colleagues... Nature=toxic contents13、对应在G段：the factor common to all 19 species of leaves swallowed by the chimps was that were covered with microscopic hooksDevelopment of public management theory 背景词汇：bureaucracy 官僚主义nEthic n伦理Capitalism n资本主义Formality n 礼节；规则Coordination n 协作Static adj 静态的Regulations n 规则Promotion n 晋升Loyalty n 忠诚Intangible adj 难以理解的Framework n框架；结构Pursuit n 约束Incentive n 动机；刺激Steer v控制Humanist tradition n人文传统Complimentary 赠送的Cooperative 合作的Utility function n 实用功能Hierarchy n 层级Constraint n约束Pursuit n 追求同义替换14-21 多选题14-15、对应在B段第三行：E:These servants dedicate themselves to the public in return for security of job tenure among the many advantages of public empl oyment.Contribute themselves to...=dedicate themselves to ...Stable position=security of job对应在倒数第四行B：selection and promotion i s based on technical qualificatio ns and these rules must be strictly followed16-17对应在C段A：对应在第6行：dedication and commitment of the employee is not consider edD：对应在倒数第三行：unnecessary delay in decision-making and the difficulty in coordination and communication due to formalities and rules make it only s uitable for static organization and organisations where change is very slow dynamic和static是反义词；only suitable for static =It is not applicable to fast.... 18-19对应在H和I段A：对应在I段倒数第三行：managers need only to steer employees in a coope rative manner toward goals that serve the organization.Steer employees=guide employeesB段：lazy humans prefer direction bordering micromanagement whenever possi ble.Internal Inertia=lazy20-21对应在J段：A：对应在倒数第四行：distance-de-personaliztion is impossible in Z-organizatio ns.C：对应在倒数第三行：there is high percentage of workers would like work f or the financial return than the job objectives. A high level of self-discipline is also necessaryPersonalization=high percentageWage=financial return人物信息matching22、对应在A段：23、对应在24、对应在F段：Low-level employees must have more incentive to remain wi th the organization for which they exchange their labor and loyalty....he describ ed four incentives including money and other material inducements25、对应在E段：they face(their budget constraint, limited choice) i n pursuit of their self interest26、对应在H段：Employees must therefore be coerced and controlled if mana gement expects to see resultKoalas 考拉熊背景词汇：Eucalyptus n桉树Retrovirus n逆转录病毒Scattered adj 分散开的Tumour-causing adj肿瘤引起的Insidious n阴险的Bush n灌木丛Furry bundles 毛皮捆nParasite n寄生虫Digestive system n消化系统Innocence n 无辜；清白Nip n小夹子Aggressive adj 有攻击性的Distress n危难Tumours 肿瘤Surgery n外科手术Succumb to 屈服于Inoffensiveness 不触犯人Swallow v 吞Claw n爪子Disposition 处置Ambassador n使者Marsupial adj 有袋动物Tannin n单宁酸Cellulose n纤维素Aromatic adj芬香的Poacher n偷猎者同义替换1-5选择1、2、immobile adj固定的对应在F段倒数第五行：to digest their food properly, koalas must sit still for 21 hours everyday=nearly whole day3、对应在G段倒数第三行：Koalas are just not aggressive.they use their claws to grip the hard smooth bark of eucalyptus trees4、由Australia wildlife parks可对应在I段some zoos allow koalas to be passed from stranger to stranger, many children who love to squeeze.5、对应在I段倒数第四行：Policy on koala handing is determined by state gov ernment authorities and members from Australia Nature Conservation Agency, with the aim of instituting national guidelines =regulations6-12判断题6、对应在C段考拉的死和人类活动有关：11,000 are killed by cars;thousands are killed by poachers；7、对应在C段第一句：Today koalas are found only in scattered pockets of so utheast Australia, where they seem to be at risk on several fronts 和all territor y of Australia不相符8、对于在D段第五行：The koalas will be aided by the eucalyptus, which gro ws quickly and is already burgeoning forth after the fires.和题目中spend a dec ade 矛盾9、对应在G段：题目中when food becomes scarce没有提到10、对应在H段：Koalas are stoic creatures and put on a Fur is light-grey to brown with white spots on neck, chest brave face until they are at death’s doo r11 NG12、对应在G段第二行：They are capable of ripping open a man’s arm with t heir needle-sharp claws, or giving a nasty nip, they simple wouldn’tCoastal Archaeology of Britain 背景词汇：2Submerged forests n 深埋的森林Concentration n注意力；焦点Glacial 冰冷的adjEncroachment 对海洋侵蚀Melt v融化Relative to the land 相对于地面Destruction n毁灭Regression n回归Terrestrial adj 地球的Zone n 区域Prehistoric adj 史前Unparalleled adj无双的Medieval n中世纪Dockland area n港区Marinas n 游船码头Sea level 海平面nMineral resources n 矿物资源同义替换15-17选择15、对应在A段：the so-called ‘submerged forests’, ....., had attracted the inter est of antiquarians since at least the eighteenth century.Submerged forest=underwater forest16、对应在F段：the most striking evidence fro use of the sea is in the form of boats yet we still have much to learn about their production and use17、对应在H段：elaborate wooden fish weirs, often of considerable extent and responsive to aerial photography in shallow water....（且H段主要讲fishing in dustry）18-24 判断题18、对应在C段第一行：the dominant process affecting the physical form of E ngland in the post-glacial period has been the rise in the altitude of sea level relative to the landIn the post-glacial period=after the glacial periodRelative to the land相对于地面19、对应在C段中间：yet the way in which prehistoric communities adjusted t o these environmental changes has seldom been a major theme in.....20、对应在C段最后一句：the detailed reconstruction of coastline histories and the changing environments available for human use will be an important the me for future research21、对应在F段倒数第四行：Boats were some of the most complex artifacts p roduced by pre-modern societies 和very simple 不相符22、NG23、对应在H段倒数第四行：mineral resources such as.....these industries are p oorly documented, but their remains are sometimes extensive and striking=are f ound24、NGCommunication Styles And Conflict背景词汇：Self-assessment 自我评估工具Personality n性格Depersonalize v 使失去个性Team motivators n团队动力Nonchalant adj冷淡Melancholic n 忧郁的Sanguine adj 乐观的Phlegmatic adj 冷漠的Interpersonal relationship 人际之间的交流和关系Bold adj大胆的Considerate 考虑周全的Sympathetic 同情心的Effectiveness 有效nConflict n矛盾Temperament n气质同义替换：List of heading：27：Section A：as far back as Hippocrates’time(460-370.B.C)......His work was further developed 500 years later by Galen(130-200A.D.).28、Section B：very rarely are conflicts true personality issues. Usually they are issues of style, information need222s, or focus.29、Section C：Hippocrates and later Galen determined there were four basic t emperaments....1、the sanguine person 2、the phlegmatic person3、the melancho lic person 4、the choleric personBasic temperaments=basic types of personality30、Section D：vigorous and adventurous=they invest a lot of emotion and ene rgy in their communication and often speak quickly31、Section E：Phlegmatic people have an orderly,methodical way of approachi ng tasks=detailed and analytic32、Section F：the melancholic person who is softhearted and oriented toward doing things for others translates into the considerate or sympathetic communic ation style33、Section G:the choleric temperament translates into the bold or direct style of communication.people with this style are brief in their communication the fewer words the better.Direct=straightforward pragmatic=focus on tasks and outcomes and often for get that the people involved in carrying out the tasks have needs34、Section H：A well-functioning team should have all of these communicatio n styles for true effectiveness.判断题35、对应在section C：the phlegmatic person who is unemotional, nonchalant, c ool persevering, and needing direction.The melancholic person who is softhearted, oriented toward doing things for ot hers, and is slow in responding(相比较两者都是较消极的性格)36、对应在Section C：the choleric person whose temperament is domineering, stubborn, opinionated, and self-confident和weary of challenges（惧怕挑战）不相符37、NG38、对应在Section H：some of us can easily move from one style to another and adapt our style to the needs of the situation at hand-whether the focus is on tasks or relationships=shift from one communication style to anotheradapt our style to the needs of the situation at hand=suit various conditions 39、对应在Section H：The work environment can influence communication sty les either by the type of work that is required or by the predominance of on style reflected in that environment,选择40、对应在Section B：other aspects of individuals is that they help depersonal ize conflict interpersonal relationships=maintain and establish interpersonal relati onshipsTalc Powder-Applied on Food and Agricultural Industries背景词汇：Talcum powder 滑石粉末nOlive oil n 橄榄油Chewing gum n 口香糖PremiumAgronomic n 农业物理学Stirring process 搅拌过程Biodegrade v 生物降解Typical crop n热带作物Foam n泡沫；水泡Emulsion n乳剂Lamination n层片Cu-tin 角质的Hydrophobicity 疏水性nAcidic adj酸的Calcium carbonate 碳酸钙nOil droplets n油滴Centrifuge n离心机Inert adj惰性的同义替换物质信息配对matching1-61、2、对应在D段后部分：it absorbs the natural emulsifier at which again improv es the yield by increasing the size of the oil dropletsImproves the yield =boost production3、对应在C段倒数第三行：in the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum b ase pellets and to stop and chewing gum sticking during the lamination and pa cking process4、对应在D段：talc is chemically inert it doesn’t affect colors, tastes appearan ces or compositions of the resulting olive oil5、对应在E段：one such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned.In fact, in very sunny regions up to 45 percent of a typical crop can be affected by heat stres s and sunburn6、对应在C段：our talc is used as a filler in the gum base.Summary7、对应在D段：for the past 20 years,olive oil processors in Spain have been talk advantage of talc’s unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives8、对应在D段中间：these olives are easy to recognize because they producea lot of extra foam during the stirring process.9、10、对应在D段：If the waste water is disposed of directly into local field s-often the case in many smaller processing operations the emulsified oil may t ake some time to biodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.11、对应在D段：take some time to biodegrade=can not biodegrade immediat ely12、对应在D段后部分：it absorbs the natural emulsifier at which again impro ves the yield by increasing the size of the oil droplets问答题：13、对应在C段倒数第三行：in the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop and chewing gum sticking during the lamination and p acking process14、对应在G段倒数第四行：apple growers are the primary target although Hu nter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential=d etermine to aim nextHuman Navigation-Finding our way背景词汇Navigation n导航Integration n集成；综合Prominent adj 显著的Cognitive system 认知系统Destination n目的地Sausage n肠Anthill n蚂蚁山Literal map 文字地图Metaphor 暗喻Storefront n店面；街角Inspection n监督；监视Notion n概念Spire n尖端同义替换信息matchingA: guidance B：path integration C：route following15、starting point=general direction they come fromPolarization of sunlight=light intensity16、对应在C段倒数第三行：in the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop and chewing gum sticking during the lamination and p acking process17、对应在B段：a person who orients herself by a prominent landmark would gestureA prominent landmark=a well-known building18、对应在E段：but if you forget the details and take a wrong turn, the only way to recover is to backtrack until you reach a familiar spot because you d o not know the general direction or have reference landmark for your goal. 19、对应在20-22选择题20、对应在C段: Even when a scientist picks up an ant and puts it in a totall y different spot,the insect stubbornly proceeds in the originally determined dire ction=original orientation21、对应在F段：It is even possible that maps derive from a universal way in which our spatial-memory networks are wiredSpatial-memory networks=brain memory22、对应在G段：observe your nearby surroundings to pick out a recognizable storefront or street corner that will send you toward that place判断题23、对应在A段第一句：The human positioning system is flexible and capable of learning. Human positioning system=Biological navigation24、NG26、对应在E段：the route-following navigation strategy truly challenges the br ain.=more thoughts27、NGPlant scents 背景词汇：Vegetative adj 素食的V olatile n挥发物Pollination n 授粉Herbivore n草食动物Parasitic n寄生现象；寄生效应Caterpillar n毛虫Deterrent adj有震慑作用的Onslaught n猛攻；攻击Manipulation n操纵；控制Linalool n 里哪醇Transgenic adj 转基因的；基因改造的Threshold n 门槛；开端metabolic 新陈代谢的Ornamental adj 装饰的Floriculture n种花；载培花卉Perfume n香水Susceptibility n敏感性；感受性Pathogen n病原体Floral adj 花似的；花的同义替换：段落信息配对matching28、对应在B段：this defense mechanism is as ancient as it is effective: many samples of fossilized resin, or amber, contain the remain of insects trapped in side.many other plants emit volatiles when injured and in some cases the emitt ed signal helps defend the plant.29、对应在A段：many people have heard that floral odors help the plant attr act pollinatorsFloral odors=Scent30、对应在F段：the loss of scent among ornamental,....,makes them important targets for the genetic manipulation of flower fragrance31、对应在C段：Herbivore induced volatiles often serve as indirect defenses判断题：32、对应在B段：the physiological functions of the chemicals were less clear and had received much less attention from scientists=attracts pollinators33、NG34、对应在C段：mites, aphids or similar insects are eating them but also gen erally from non-damaged parts of the plant.35、对应在D段：pollination not only affects crop yield, but also the quality a nd efficiency of crop production.和题目中only....rather than 不相符36-40选择36、对应在C段：some parasitic wasp can detect the volatile signature of a da maged plant and will lay their eggs inside the offending caterpillar37、对应在D段最后一句：this problem has been exacerbated by recent disease epidemics that have killed many honeybees, the major insect pollinators in the United States recent disease epidemics=spread illness38、对应在E段第三行：its drawbacks include near genetic uniformity and con sequent susceptibility to pathogens......;the poor effectiveness of this strategy pro bably reflects inherent limitation of the artificial.....39、对应在F段：the loss of scent among ornamentals,which have a worldwide value of more than $30 billio n, makes them important targets for the genetic manipulation of flower fragrance40、对应在39题下：although the transgenic plants did create small amounts oflinalool, the level was below the threshold of detection for the human nose.Agriculture and Tourism背景词汇：Urban folk n城里人Inventory n存货Sustainability n可持续性Ink-ages n联系；结合Region n地区Rural communities 乡村社区同义替换1-5 人物信息matching1、对应在A段：More than 75 percent of the Cheese Day visitors planned ahe ad for the trip with 37 percentage planning at least two months in advance2、对应在B段：picnic visitors came specially to see the Chicago Bears practi ce.They showed less interest in a proposed agricultural tour than Cheese Day v isitors, but more interest in a picnic dinner and viewing sports event=keen to watch sports activity...3、对应在B段第一句：More than 40 percent of the visitors came to Monroe for two-or three-day visits.(visitors两者都包括)4、对应在B段第五行：They also wanted the opportunity to experience the co untry while there.5、various tour proposals近似等于variety of our recommendations6-7 选择6、对应在D段第三行：animal rights and the environment are example s of t wo issues that concern both urban consumer and farmers. Farm tours could hel p consumers get the farmer’s perspective on these issuesUrban consumer and farmers=farmers and urbanian7、对应在F段最后一句：Farmers could earn additional income through the sale of farm products, crafts and recreational activities8-13 summary8、对应在A段：A pilot project has found that tourists, rural communities and some farmers could benefit from stronger efforts promote and market agricultur al tourism thereTourists, rural communities and some farmers=a combination of targeted group and individuals.7、对应在A段：agricultural tourism project members surveyed 290 visitors to the annual Monroe Cheese Festival and 164 visitors to the Picnic on the Farm Surveyed ....to.....10、对应在C段：the study identified three primary audiences for agricultural t ourism11、对应在D段：However, most agricultural tourism enterprises currently mark et their businesses independently, leading to a lack of a cooperation to promote agricultural tourism as an industrylack of=be short of12对应在E段倒数第五行：Green County farmers already have experience host ing visitors during the annual Monroe Cheese Days.13、对应在F段第四行：And hogs,Farm tours could be combined with other a ctivities in the area such as trip to the Mississippi River....E-training背景词汇：In person training n 当面的培训Standard delivery 标准化交付贸易Self-paced learning 自我分部学习Certification 证书Blended approach n 混合方法Interactive materials 交互式材料Scalability adj 可拓展性Consistency 一致性同义替换：Heading1、E-learning is the unifying term to describe the fields of online learning, we b-based training and technology delivered instruction, which can be a great ben efit-to corporate e-learning=major advangtage for the application of E-Training2、In addition to generally positive economic benefits, other advantages such a s convenience, .....（并列递进）首段讲的是benefit，所以这一段也讲的是好处=other benefits besides economic consideration3、much of the discussion about implementing e-learning has focused on the t echnology, but.....这一段主要描述传统授课阶段的介绍4、On the other hand, nobody said E-training technology would be cheap. E-tr aining serviece providers , on the average, charge from $10,000 to ...=financial investment5、E-training isn’t expected to replace the classroom entirely.不能代替传统课堂----提到了一些低效的缺点6、A go-between style of the blended learning which refers to a mixing of di fferent learning environments...... Blended methods=mixed learning style段落信息matching20、对应在D段：fast electronic deliver=online courses (these kinds of costs m ean that customized e-training is for the time being, an option costs mean that customized e-training is )21、对应在B段anywhere anytime =flexibilityE-learning is widely believed to offer flexible “anytime, any place”learning. 22、对应在A段：Basic Blue, whose purpose is to train new managers, saved the company in the range of $200 million in 199923、对应在F段：the combination of the traditional and e-training environments =blended method24-26Drawbacks 对应在E段：A：keep the course at the appropriate level of currency and usefulness Appropriate level =at the suitable levelC：first time employees=fresh employeesD：bandwidth limitation are still an issue in presenting multimedia over the Int ernet.Choices and happiness 选择和幸福的关系背景词汇Infinite adj.无穷的Assumption n 假设Option n 选择Indicator n 指示器Fabulous 难以置信的；极好的adjWell-being adj. 幸福；福利Diagnose 诊断vRating 等级Inspection n 视察；检查Subscription n捐款Questionnaire n 调查问卷Ruminate v 反复思考Evaluate v 评估Distinction n 区别Psychological adj.心理学的Alternative adj 可替换的Restrict v 限制同义替换人物信息matching28-3128、对应在C段倒数第五行：when satisficers find an item that meets their sta ndards=match their expection29、文中并没有提到30、对应在D段最后一句：consider repeatedly=tend to broad and ruminate31、对应在E段：we tested this by having people fill out a variety of question naires known to be reliable indicators of well being32-36判断题32、对应在B段：Recent research offers insight into why many people end up unhappy rather than pleased when their options expand.When their options expand=with the society’s advancementA段中也提到了：more is not always better than less.33、文中字体到了satisficer和maximizer，并没有提到性别上的对比34、对应在D段第四行：They are more prone to experiencing regret after a p urchase and if their acquisition disappoints themThe feeling of loss=experience regret35、对应在G段第二行：the ‘good enough’standard leads to much less searchi ng and inspection of alternatives than the maximizer’s best 和题目中good enou gh 就是搜寻最好的标准矛盾36、对应H段第二行：they may also suffer regret about the option they settle on.=certain correlations between the regret people and the maximizers37-4037、题目是happiness and choice well being=happiness38、对应在E段scores 高----satisfaction低-------happy低-----optimistic低39对应在I段倒数第五行：full-price payers would experience more regret if .....40、I段---39题后：to increase sense of happiness, we can decide to restrict ou r options when the decision is not crucial.Restrict option=reduce the choice or optionMalaria in Italy 疟疾在意大利背景词汇：Mosquito n虫子Malaria n 疟疾Hereditary adj遗传的Culprit n犯人Lucrative adj有利可图的Hostility n敌意；战争Quinine n奎宁Rampant adj猖狂的Dubbed 被称为nImpoverished 贫困的同义替换：1-4、判断题1、对应在A段：but did not make the further leap towards insects.2、由19世纪定位：miasma or unclean air 二者并列3、由22.5 years 定位：In malarial zones the life expectancy of land workers was a terrifying 22.5 years.4、A段最后一句定位：Epidemics were blamed on southern Italians, given the widespread belief that malaria was hereditaryGive the widespread belief....=claimed that....5-8判断5、in the end of 19 century=in the 1880s 对应在A段最后一句：such theories began to collapse as the dreaded mosquito was identified as the real culprit.6、NG7、对应在B段：the mosquitoes themselves were also infected and not mere ca rriers8、对应在C段倒数第四行：Malaria, as Snow-den shows, was not just, was no t just, a medical problem, but a social and regional issue, and could only be d efeated through multi-layered strategies.=combined strategies段落信息匹配：9-149、he did not distribute quinine是medicine 的下意词10、G段最后一句：struggling with the great present-day medical emergency11、B段：Rome that key discoveries were made =breakthrough12、F段：one of the final victims to die of the disease in Italy was the popul ar cyclist, Fausto Coppi13、C段：Despite its often terrible side of effects as the “quinine-buzz”=highly effective drug14、A段：But in the 19th century, most experts believed that the disease was produced by “miasma”or “unclean air”.....这是一种假设：疾病时由空气传播的The pearl背景词汇：Jeweler n 珠宝商Nobility n 贵族Calcum carbonate n碳酸钙Pearl n 珍珠Irritant n 刺激物Mollusk n软体动物Spherical n球形的Precipitate n沉淀物Recipient n容器Graft n 移植Nacre n珍珠层Lustrous adj有光泽的Concentric n同轴环Homogeneous adj均匀的Cavity n腔Diameter n直径Lagoons n泻湖Gonad n生殖腺Mantle n 斗篷Misshapen n畸形同义替换：28-31 段落信息匹配28、对应在B段：A natural pearl, often called an Oriental pearl, forms when a n irritant, such as a piece of sand, works its way into a particular species of oyster, mussel, or clam.29、对应在D段：By the end of a 5 to 10 year cycle, only 50% of the oyster s will have survived. And of the pearls produced, only approximately 5%are of substantial quality for top jewel30、对应在E段：the valuation factors include size,shape,color,quality of surface=elements of determining the value of .....31、对应在E段：X-ray 区分cultured 和natural的类型（one way that jeweler s can determine whether a pearl is cultured or natural is to have a gem lab perform an x-ray of the pearl）32-34判断题32、NG33、Fake peals=imitation peals34、对应在E段：Australia tend to produce）没有进行而这比较NG35-4035、对应在A段：During the Roman Empire, the pearl was the favored gem of the wealthy.36、heal all disease=came anything from heart disease to....37、对应在E段：the island of Mallorca in Spain is known for its imitation pe arl industry.38、对应在E段：Akoya pearls from Japan are some of the most lustrous...=co nsidered as one of the most glittery cultured one.....39、对应在E段：the south sea water of Australia tend to produce the larger p earls nutrients from ocean floor.40、对应在F段第一句：the world’s best pearls came from the persian Gulf, e specially around what is now BahrainAntarctica----in from the cold 背景词汇：Blizzards n 暴风雪Prevailing westerly winds n盛行西风Katabatic 下降的风Reverberate n再生长；在种植Dedication n献身Integral adj 完整的Circulation n 流通；循环Bedrock n基础；根底Blast v爆炸Enhance v加强Unravel v解开Baleen whales n须鲸Penguins n企鹅Howling 极大的adjPolynyas 冰间湖nHemisphere n半球Circulatory system n循环系统Biota n生物区同义替换：15-16段落信息匹配matching15、对应在D段：CSIRO is developing this as a prototype forecasting system, but we can confidently predict that as we know more about the Antarctic and Southern Ocean we will be able to enhance and extend our reductive ability16、对应在E段：But in another way the extent of sea ice extends its influence far beyond Antarctica.17、对应在F段：the state of the northern oceans, and their biological producti vity, owe much to what happens in the Antarctic18、对应在C段：19、对应在A段：the image was one of a place removed from everyday realit y, of a place with no apparent value to anyone20-22 信息matching23-27 选择题23、对应在D段：Not only does this limit their losses but it prevents serious pasture degradation that may take decades to repair24、对应在E段最后一句：Many species of baleen whales and flighted sea bir ds migrate between the hemispheres and when the krill are less abundant they do not thrive.25、对应在C段：26、Since only fresh water freezes into ice, the water that remains becomes in creasingly salty and dense, sinking until it spills over the continental shelf 27、Cold water carries more oxygen than warm water so when it rises, well i nto the northern hemisphereMysterious extinction of the dinosaurs 背景词汇：Asteroid adj星状的Symmetry n对称性Footprints n脚印；足迹IchnotaxaTriassic n三叠纪Skeletons n骨架Iridium n铱（金属）Fern n羊齿植物;蕨spike n钉状物Meteorite n陨石；流星Jurassic n侏罗纪。
雅思阅读考试题目与答案
雅思阅读考试题目与答案题目1题目描述：以下是一篇关于环境保护的文章，请回答问题。
题目：根据文章内容回答以下问题：1. 环境保护的重要性是什么？2. 列举三种环境保护的方法。
答案：1. 环境保护的重要性在于保护地球上的自然资源，维持生态平衡，以及保障人类的健康和生存。
2. 三种环境保护的方法包括：节约能源、减少废物产生、促进可持续发展。
题目2题目描述：以下是一篇关于人工智能的文章，请回答问题。
题目：根据文章内容回答以下问题：1. 人工智能的定义是什么？2. 人工智能的应用领域有哪些？答案：1. 人工智能是指计算机系统通过模拟人类智能行为来实现自主学习、推理和问题解决的能力。
2. 人工智能的应用领域包括：自动驾驶、语音识别、机器翻译、医疗诊断等。
题目3题目描述：以下是一篇关于全球气候变化的文章，请回答问题。
题目：根据文章内容回答以下问题：1. 全球气候变化的原因是什么？2. 全球气候变化对地球造成了哪些影响？答案：1. 全球气候变化的原因包括：人类活动导致的温室气体排放、森林砍伐和工业化过程中的能源消耗等。
2. 全球气候变化对地球造成的影响包括：海平面上升、极端天气事件增多、生物多样性减少等。
题目4题目描述：以下是一篇关于健康饮食的文章，请回答问题。
题目：根据文章内容回答以下问题：1. 健康饮食的定义是什么？2. 列举三种健康饮食的原则。
答案：1. 健康饮食是指均衡摄入各种营养物质，并合理搭配食物，以满足人体生理需求并维持健康状态的饮食方式。
2. 三种健康饮食的原则包括：多样化的食物选择、适量的摄入、合理的饮食结构。
【9A文】剑桥雅思8阅读解析test4
Passage1Question1答案：vii关键词：background,middle-Rearseducation定位原文:B段第1句“LowersecondarRschools…”解题思路:作为LISTOFHEADINGS的第一个题目，此题还是稍有难度的，因为需要通读SectionB的全部内容才能看出这是在讲日本中学的教育背景。
如果单纯用首句中的lowersecondarRschools来对应题目中的middle-Rearseducation也能够得到答案，但是需要一定程度的大胆推测。
正确答案为vii。
Question2答案：i关键词：Monbusho定位原文：C段第2句“Monbusho,aspartof...”最后一句“Monbushoalsodecides...”解题思路：可以推测出这一段在讲Monbusho的影响。
故正确答案为i。
Question3答案：v关键词：tRpicalformat定位原文：D段第1句“Lessonsallfollow…”解题思路：读首句就能够判断本题答案，题干中的format与文中的pattern属于同义转述。
故正确答案为v。
Question4答案：ii关键词：lesssuccessfulstudents对应原文：E段第1小段第2句“...anRstragglers…neighbor.”第2小段的第1句“Parentsarekept…”解题思路：本题稍有难度，对应信息分布较广。
SectionE中第一段的对应句说的是后进生在学校里得到的帮助;第二段的对应句则在讨论家长如何帮助孩子跟上班级的进度。
定位词与文中的stragglers属于同义转述。
故正确答案为ii。
Question5答案：viii关键词：keR,successes定位原文：F段第1小段的第1句“Sowhatarethemajor…”解题思路：开头设问道：“那么什么是日本数学教学成功的主要因素呢?”下面紧接着回答：显然态度是重要的，然后具体解说态度如何重要。
剑桥雅思4阅读解析-Test4
READING PASSAGE 1文章结构体 主 裁 题 说明文 如何提高运动员的成绩段落概括 第一段 第二段 第三段 第四段 第五段 第六段 第七段 第八段 第九段 人类的运动成绩一直在不断提高。
基因对提高成绩的影响。
合理训练方法的重要性。
肌肉增强训练的简要介绍。
营养的重要性。
针对性训练的作用。
生物力学对运动成绩的影响。
运动员自身的创造性。
我们对运动的理解还很浅显。
本节考查词汇第一段 steady hurl massive endurance explosive marathon [ [ [ [ [ [ ] 第二段 performance genetics invoke [ [ [ ] ] ] n. n. v. 表现 基因学 调用，使用 ] ] ] ] ] adj. v. adj. n. adj. n. 稳定的 投掷 巨大的 耐力 爆发性的 马拉松adage appreciably complement[ [ ’ [] ] ] 第三段n. adv. v.谚语，格言 略微，一点点 补充，互补identify duplicate[ [] ] 第四段v. v.确认（身份） ，找出 复制sprinter devoted to interval brief[]n. v. n. adj.短跑运动员 致力于 间歇 短暂的，简洁的[ [ ]]第五段 nutrition deficiency injury [ [ [ ] 第六段 focused training apply [ [ ] 第七段 methodology digitize dimension take-off 第八段 [ [ [ ] ] ] n. v. n. n. 方法 把…数字化 维度 起飞，起跑 ] n. v. 针对性训练 应用 ] ] n. n. n. 营养 营养不良 受伤contradiction instantly dub flop unorthodox complex cushion pit foam[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ ] ] 第九段 ] ] ] ] ] ]]n. adv. v. n. adj. adj. n. n. n.矛盾，抵触 立即 命名 跳跃 不正统的 复杂 垫子 坑 泡沫humble vexing issue mundane fundamental[ [ [ [ [ ]]v. adj. n. adj. adj.使相形见拙 令人惊讶的 问题 世俗的 基本的，基础的] ] ]考题精解Questions 1-6 『题型』T/F/NG 『解析』 1. 定位词/关键字 原文重现 第一段首句 Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records,…. records/date from/ about 1900参考译文 题解 答案 2. 定位词/关键字 原文重现 题解 答案 3. 定位词/关键字 原文重现 参考译文 题解从国际运动联合会在二十世纪初开始记录运动成绩到现在…. 原文中，since 相当于题干中 date from，early twentieth century 相当于 about 1900， record 则在题干中原形重现。
剑桥雅思真题15-阅读Test 4(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题15-阅读Test 4（附答案）READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The return of the huarangoThe arid valleys of southern Peru are welcoming the return of a native plantThe south coast of Peru is a narrow, 2,000-kilometre-long strip of desert squeezed between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean. It is also one of the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. It hardly ever rains there, and the only year-round source of water is located tens of metres below the surface. This is why the huarango tree is so suited to life there: it has the longest roots of any tree in the world. They stretch down 50-80 metres and, as well as sucking up water for the tree, they bring it into the higher subsoil, creating a water source for other plant life.Dr David Beresford-Jones, archaeobotanist at Cambridge University, has been studying the role of the huarango tree in landscape change in the Lower lea Valley in southern Peru. He believes the huarango was key to the ancient people's diet and, because it could reach deep water sources, it allowed local people to withstand years of drought when their other crops failed. But over the centuries huarango trees were gradually replaced with crops. Cutting down native woodland leads to erosion, as there is nothing to keep the soil in place. So when the huarangos go, the land turns into a desert. Nothing grows at all in the Lower lea Valley now.For centuries the huarango tree was vital to the people of the neighbouring Middle lea Valley too. They grew vegetables under it and ate products made from its seed pods. Its leaves and bark were used for herbal remedies, while its branches were used for charcoal for cooking and heating, and its trunk was used to build houses. But now it is disappearing rapidly. The majority of the huarango forests in the valley have already been cleared for fuel and agriculture - initially, these were smallholdings, but now they're huge farms producing crops for the international market.'Of the forests that were here 1,000 years ago, 99 per cent have already gone,' says botanist Oliver Whaley from Kew Gardens in London, who, together with ethnobotanist Dr William Milliken, is running a pioneering project to protect and restore the rapidly disappearing habitat. In order to succeed, Whaley needs to get the local people on board, and that has meant overcoming local prejudices. 'Increasingly aspirational communities think that if you plant food trees in your home or street, it shows you are poor, and still need to grow your own food,' he says. In order to stop the Middle lea Valley going the same way as the Lower lea Valley, Whaley is encouraging locals to love the huarangos again. 'It's a process of cultural resuscitation,' he says. He has already set up a huarango festival to reinstate a sense of pride in their eco-heritage, and has helped local schoolchildren plant thousands of trees.'In order to get people interested in habitat restoration, you need to plant a tree that is useful to them,' says Whaley. So, he has been working with local families to attempt to create a sustainable income from the huarangos by turning their products into foodstuffs. 'Boil up the beans and you get this thick brown syrup like molasses. You can also use it in drinks, soups or stews. ' The pods can be ground into flour to make cakes, and the seeds roasted into a sweet, chocolatey 'coffee'. 'It's packed full of vitamins and minerals, ' Whaley says.And some farmers are already planting huarangos. Alberto Benevides, owner of lea Valley's onlycertified organic farm, which Whaley helped set up, has been planting the tree for 13 years. He produces syrup and flour, and sells these products at an organic farmers' market in Lima. His farm is relatively small and doesn't yet provide him with enough to live on, but he hopes this will change. 'The organic market is growing rapidly in Peru, ' Benevides says. 'I am investing in the future.But even if Whaley can convince the local people to fall in love with the huarango again, there is still the threat of the larger farms. Some of these cut across the forests and break up the corridors that allow the essential movement of mammals, birds and pollen up and down the narrow forest strip. In the hope of counteracting this, he's persuading farmers to let him plant forest corridors on their land. He believes the extra woodland will also benefit the farms by reducing their water usage through a lowering of evaporation and providing a refuge for bio-control insects.'If we can record biodiversity and see how it all works, then we're in a good position to move on from there. Desert habitats can reduce down to very little, ' Whaley explains. 'It's not like a rainforest that needs to have this huge expanse. Life has always been confined to corridors and islands here. If you just have a few trees left, the population can grow up quickly because it's used to exploiting water when it arrives? He sees his project as a model that has the potential to be rolled out across other arid areas around the world. 'If we can do it here, in the most fragile system on Earth, then that's a real message of hope for lots of places, including Africa, where there is drought and they just can't afford to wait for rain.'Questions 1-5Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Questions 9-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this9 Local families have told Whaley about some traditional uses of huarango products.10 Farmer Alberto Benevides is now making a good profit from growing huarangos.11 Whaley needs the co-operation of farmers to help preserve the area's wildlife.12 For Whaley's project to succeed, it needs to be extended over a very large area.13 Whaley has plans to go to Africa to set up a similar project.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Silbo Gomero-the whistle ‘language’ of the Canary IslandsLa Gomera is one of the Canary Islands situated in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of Africa. This small volcanic island is mountainous, with steep rocky slopes and deep, wooded ravines, rising to 1,487 metres at its highest peak. It is also home to the best known of the world's whistle 'languages', a means of transmitting information over long distances which is perfectly adapted to the extreme terrain of the island.This 'language', known as 'Silbo' or 'Silbo Gomero' - from the Spanish word for 'whistle'- is now shedding light on the language-processing abilities of the human brain, according to scientists. Researchers say that Silbo activates parts of the brain normally associated with spoken language, suggesting that the brain is remarkably flexible in its ability to interpret sounds as language.'Science has developed the idea of brain areas that are dedicated to language, and we are starting to understand the scope of signals that can be recognised as language,' says David Corina, co-author of a recent study and associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle.Silbo is a substitute for Spanish, with individual words recoded into whistles which have high- and low-frequency tones. A whistler - or silbador - puts a finger in his or her mouth to increase the whistle's pitch, while the other hand can be cupped to adjust the direction of the sound. 'There is much more ambiguity in the whistled signal than in the spoken signal/ explains lead researcher Manuel Carreiras, psychology professor at the University of La Laguna on the Canary island of Tenerife. Because whistled 'words' can be hard to distinguish, silbadores rely on repetition, as well as awareness of context, to make themselves understood.The silbadores of Gomera are traditionally shepherds and other isolated mountain folk, and their novel means of staying in touch allows them to communicate over distances of up to 10 kilometres. Carreiras explains that silbadores are able to pass a surprising amount of information via their whistles. 4In daily life they use whistles to communicate short commands, but any Spanish sentence could be whistled.5 Silbo has proved particularly useful when fires have occurred on the island and rapid communication across large areas has been vital.The study team used neuroimaging equipment to contrast the brain activity of silbadores while listening to whistled and spoken Spanish. Results showed the left temporal lobe of the brain, which is usually associated with spoken language, was engaged during the processing of Silbo. The researchers found that other key regions in the brain's frontal lobe also responded to the whistles, including those activated in response to sign language among deaf people. When the experiments were repeated with non-whistlers, however, activation was observed in all areas of the brain.'Our results provide more evidence about the flexibility of human capacity for language in a variety of forms' Corina says. 'These data suggest that left-hemisphere language regions are uniquely adapted for communicative purposes, independent of the modality of signal. The non-Silbo speakers were not recognising Silbo as a language. They had nothing to grab onto, so multiple areas of their brains were activated?Carreiras says the origins of Silbo Gomero remain obscure, but that indigenous Canary Islanders, who were of North African origin, already had a whistled language when Spain conquered the volcanic islands in the 15th century. Whistled languages survive today in Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Vietnam, Guyana, China, Nepal, Senegal, and a few mountainous pockets in southern Europe. There are thought to be as many as 70 whistled languages still in use, though only 12 have been described and studied scientifically. This form of communication is an adaptation found among cultures where people are often isolated from each other, according to Julien Meyer, a researcher at the Institute of Human Sciences in Lyon, France. 'They are mostly used in mountains or dense forests, ' he says. 'Whistled languages are quite clearly defined and represent an original adaptation of the spoken language for the needs of isolated human groups?But with modern communication technology now widely available, researchers say whistled languages like Silbo are threatened with extinction. With dwindling numbers of Gomera islanders still fluent in the language, Canaries' authorities are taking steps to try to ensure its survival. Since 1999, Silbo Gomero has been taught in all of the island's elementary schools. In addition, locals are seeking assistance from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). {The local authorities are trying to get an award from the organisation to declare [Silbo Gomero] as something that should be preserved for humanity,' Carreiras adds.Questions 14-19Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this14 La Gomera is the most mountainous of all the Canary Islands.15 Silbo is only appropriate for short and simple messages.16 In the brain-activity study, silbadores and non-whistlers produced different results.17 The Spanish introduced Silbo to the islands in the 15th century.18 There is precise data available regarding all of the whistle languages in existence today.19 The children of Gomera now learn Silbo.Questions 20-26Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Environmental practices of big businessThe environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that for many of us offends our sense of justice. Depending on the circumstances, a business may maximize the amount of money it makes, at least in the short term, by damaging the environment and hurting people. That is still the case today for fishermen in an unmanaged fishery without quotas, and for international logging companies with short-term leases on tropical rainforest land in places with corrupt officials and unsophisticated landowners. When government regulation is effective, and when the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and if the public doesn't care.It is easy for the rest of us to blame a business for helping itself by hurting other people. But blaming alone is unlikely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses are not charities but profit-making companies, and that publicly owned companies with shareholders are under obligation to those shareholders to maximize profits, provided that they do so by legal means. US laws make a company's directors legally liable for something termed 'breach of fiduciary responsibility' if they knowingly manage a company in a way that reduces profits. The car manufacturer Henry Ford was in fact successfully sued by shareholders in 1919 for raising the minimum wage of his workers to $5 per day: the courts declared that, while Ford's humanitarian sentiments about his employees were nice, his business existed to make profits for its stockholders.Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the conditions that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable.The public can do that by suing businesses for harming them, as happened after the Exxon Valdez disaster, in which over 40,000 m3 of oil were spilled off the coast of Alaska. The public may also make their opinion felt by preferring to buy sustainably harvested products; by making employees of companies with poor track records feel ashamed of their company and complain to their own management; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices.In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease known as BSE, which was transmitted to humans through infected meat, the USgovernment's Food and Drug Administration introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But for five years the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a major fast-food company then made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers plummeted, the meat industry complied within weeks. The public's task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive to public pressure: for instance, fast-food chains or jewelry stores, but not meat packers or gold miners.Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself. I also believe that the public must accept the necessity for higher prices for products to cover the added costs, if any, of sound environmental practices. My views may seem to ignore the belief that businesses should act in accordance with moral principles even if this leads to a reduction in their profits. But I think we have to recognize that, throughout human history, in all politically complex human societies, government regulation has arisen precisely because it was found that not only did moral principles need to be made explicit, they also needed to be enforced.To me, the conclusion that the public has the ultimate responsibility for the behavior of even the biggest businesses is empowering and hopeful, rather than disappointing. My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish, a good guy or a bad guy. In the past, businesses have changed when the public came to expect and require different behavior, to reward businesses for behavior that the public wanted, and to make things difficult for businesses practicing behaviors that the public didn't want. I predict that in the future, just as in the past, changes in public attitudes will be essential for changes in businesses' environmental practices. Questions 27-31Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.Big businessesMany big businesses today are prepared to harm people and the environment in order to make money, and they appear to have no 27………….. . Lack of 28………….. by governments and lack of public 29………….. can lead to environmental problems such as 30………….. or theChoose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 32-34 on your answer sheet.32 The main idea of the third paragraph is that environmental damageA requires political action if it is to be stopped.B is the result of ignorance on the part of the public.C could be prevented by the action of ordinary people.D can only be stopped by educating business leaders.33 In the fourth paragraph, the writer describes ways in which the public canA reduce their own individual impact on the environment.B learn more about the impact of business on the environment.C raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters.D influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments.34 What pressure was exerted by big business in the case of the disease BSE?A Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains.B A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.C Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses.D A fast-food company encouraged the government to introduce legislation.Questions 35-39Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this32 The public should be prepared to fund good environmental practices.33 There is a contrast between the moral principles of different businesses.34 It is important to make a clear distinction between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.35 The public have successfully influenced businesses in the past.36 In the future, businesses will show more concern for the environment.Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.37 What would be the best subheading for this passage?A Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses?B How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit?C What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses?D Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause the environment?参考答案1 water2 diet3 drought4 erosion5 desert6 (its/huarango/the) branches7 IN EITHER ORDER (BOTH REQUIRED FOR ONE MARK): leaves (and); bark8 (its/huarango/the) trunk9 NOT GIVEN10 FALSE11 TRUE12 FALSE13 NOT GIVEN14 NOT GIVEN15 FALSE16 TRUE17 FALSE18 FALSE19 TRUE20 words21 finger22 direction23 commands24 fires25 technology26 award27 D28 E29 F30H31B32 C33D34B35 YES36 NOT GIVEN37 NO38 YES39 NOT GIVEN40 D。
雅思4阅读答案
篇一：雅思4阅读答案篇二：雅思4阅读答案暂无评价|0人阅读|0次下载|雅思剑桥系列之剑四阅读答案 summary 这本书出的特别好，希望大家回去好好钻研下看完说谢谢谢谢 test1 p1 ngmegpjb p2 taste buds baleen forward downward freshwater dolphins water the lower frequencies bowhead humperback sense of touch the freshwater dolphins airborne flying fish clear open waters acoustic sence p3 ccaeca pairs shapes sighted sighted deep blind similar test2p1 isolation economic globalization cultural identity traditional skill ebdcb p2cb emotional/emotionalproblems headache/headches general ill health p3 hfahjb acf(任意) bgeda test3 p1 adcc sudan india bycycles shoe shine/ shoe shine collection life skills thetectonic plates magma ring of fire for 600 years water/the water/ocean/the ocean lava/magma/molten rock westen india explodes gases p3 decdf (the)linguist(acts) foreign languages the poor quality non-verbal behaviour/acial expression camera frequency of usage particular linguistic feature size intuitions test4 p1 geneticspower injuries training adb p2 decd oral histories humanistic study historical discipline scientist p3 ngng 雅思剑桥系列之剑四阅读答案阅读,系列,雅思,剑桥雅思,剑4剑,4阅读,雅思剑桥4,阅读答案,雅思阅读,剑桥系列篇四：雅思4阅读答案answer key listening test 1 1. shopping / variety of shopping 2. guided tours 3. more than 12 / over 12 4. notice board 5. 13th february 6. tower of london 7. bristol 8. american museum 9. student newspaper 10. yentob 11. coal, firewood 12. local craftsmen 13. 160 14. woodside 15. ticket office 16. gift shop 17. (main) workshop 18. showroom 19. cafe 20. cottages 21. a 22. c 23. e 24. b 25. g 26. f 27. c 28. d 29. a 30. b 31. cities / environment 32. windy 33. humid 34. shady / shaded 35. dangerous 36. ... answer key listening test 1 1. shopping / variety of shopping 2. guided tours 3. more than 12 / over 12 4. notice board 5. 13th february 6. tower of london 7. bristol 8. american museum 9. student newspaper 10. yentob 11. coal, firewood 12. local craftsmen 13. 160 14. woodside 15. ticket office 16. gift shop 17. (main) workshop 18. showroom 19. cafe 20. cottages 21. a 22. c 23. e 24. b 25. g 26. f 27. c 28. d 29. a 30. b 31. cities / environment 32. windy 33. humid 34. shady / shaded 35. dangerous 36. leaves 37. ground 38. considerably reduce / decrease / filter 39. low 40. space / room ielts 4 test 2 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. cathedral 7. markets 8. gardens 9. art gallery 10. climb the tower / see the view 11. c 12. b 13. a 14. c 15. b 16. c 17. a 18. b 19. b 20. a 21. collecting data / gathering data / data collection 22. 1,500 23. 5 24. 3,000 – 4,000 25. b 26. c 27. mehta 28. survey / research 29. london university / london university press 30. 1988 31. c 32. a 33. mass media / media 34. academic circles / academics / researchers 35. specialist knowledge / specialized knowledge 36. unaware 37. individual customers / individual consumers / individuals 38. illegal profit / illegal profits 39. d 40. e test 3 1. 1-1/2 years 2. forest / forrest 3. academic 4. thursday 5. b 6. b 7. a 8. deposit 9. monthly 10. telephone / phone 11. c 12. a 13. c 14. b 15. lighting / lights / light 16. adult / adults 17. (at/the) studio theatre / studio theater 18. the whole family / all the family / families 19. (in) city gardens / the city gardens / outdoors 20. young children /younger children / children 21. a 22. b 23. c 24. a 25. b 26. a 27. c 28. b 29. b 30. b 31. questionnaire 32. approximately 2,000 / about 2,000 33. education 34. halls of residence / living quarters 35. traffic, parking 36. lecture rooms / lecture halls / lecture theatres / lecture theaters 37. (choice of / room for) facilities 38. d, f 39. b 40. a, c test 4 1. college dining room 2. office staff 3. students 4. 10th december 5. coffee break / coffee breaks 6. 6 7. set of dictionaries / dictionaries / a good dictionary 8. tapes 9. photos / photographs 10. speech 11. b 12. a 13. a 14. a 15. b 16. 180 17. nearest station 18. local history 19. 690 20. walking club / local walking club 21. 20 balloons 22. units of measurement / measurements / measurement units 23. rock salt / salt 24. crystals 25. string / pieces of string 26. (ordinary/white) light 27. h 28. b 29. e 30. c 31. 795 32. tail 33. floor / bed / bottom 34. sense of smell 35. a 36. a 37. b 38. b 39. b 40. e test 1 academic reading reading passage 1, questions 1-14 1：f 2：f 3：ng 4：t 5：f 6：ng 7：t 8：ng 9 ：m 10：e 11：g 12：p 13：j 14：b reading passage 2, questions 15-26 15：taste buds, 16：baleen, 17：forward, downward, 18：fresh water dolphins, 19：water, 20：the lower frequencies, 21：bowhead, humpback 22：sense of touch 23：freshwater dolphins 24：airborne flying fish 25：clear open water 26：sense of hearing answer key reading passage 3, questions 27-40 27：b 28：c 29：a 30：e 31：c 32：d 33：pairs 34：words 35：sighted 36：sighted(用两次) 37：deep 38：blind 39：similar 40：b answer key test 2 answer key test 3 acdemic reading answer key test 4篇五：雅思4阅读答案摘要：剑桥雅思4阅读译文含解析答案。
剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析（test4）
剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test4)推荐文章剑桥雅思阅读6原文及答案解析(test4) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test3) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读翻译及答案解析11(test4) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读11(test1)答案精讲热度：剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译答案精讲(test3) 热度：雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读4test4原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读4原文解析(test4)Question 1答案：TRUE关键词：record,1900定位原文：第1段第1句“Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.”解题思路：“自从20世纪早期国际田联开始记录成绩以来……”，题干说现代官方运动员记录始于大约1900年。
因此答案为TRUE。
Question 2答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：before the twen?tieth century定位原文：第1段第1句“Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.”解题思路：很明显体感说的与原文说的相反，故答案为FALSE。
剑桥雅思阅读4（test2）原文翻译及答案解析
剑桥雅思阅读4(test2)原文翻译及答案解析雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读4test2原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读4原文(test2)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Lost for wordsMany minority languages are on the danger listIn the Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying. Most of its speakers are middle-aged or elderly. Although many students take classes in Navajo, the schools are run in English. Street signs, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years’time.Navajo is far from alone. Half the world’s 6,800 languages are likely to vanish within two generations —that’s one language lost every ten days. Never before has the planet’s linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. ‘At the moment, we are heading for about three or four languages dominating the world,’says Mark Pagel, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Reading. ‘It’s a mass extinction, and whether we will ever rebound from the loss is difficult to know.’Isolation breeds linguistic diversity: as a result, the world is peppered with languages spoken by only a few people. Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000have fewer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. If it is spoken by children it is relatively safe. The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly, according to Michael Krauss, director of the Alassk Native Language Center, in Fairbanks.Why do people reject the language of their parents? It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, says Nicholas Ostler, of Britain’s Foundation for Endangered Languages, in Bath. ‘People lose faith in their culture,’ he says. ‘When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions.’The change is not always voluntary. Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote national unity. The former US policy of running Indian reservation schools in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. But Salikoko Mufwene, who chairs the Linguistics department at the University of Chicago, argues that the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalisation. ‘Native Americans have not lost pride in their language, but they have had to adapt to socio-economic pressures,’he says. ‘They cannot refuse to speak English if most commercial activity is in English.’ But are languages worth saving? At the very least, there is a loss of data for the study of languages and their evolution, which relies on comparisons between languages, both living and dead. When an unwrittenand unrecorded language disappears, it is lost to science.Language is also intimately bound up with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other. ‘If a person shifts from Navajo to English, they lose something,’ Mufwene says. ‘Moreover, the loss of diversity may also deprive us of different ways of looking at the world,’says Pagel. There is mounting evidence that learning a language produces physiological changes in the brain. ‘Your brain and mine are different from the brain of someone who speaks French, for instance,’ Pagel says, and this could affect our thoughts and perceptions. ‘The patterns and connections we make among various concepts may be structured by the linguistic habits of our community.’So despite linguists’best efforts, many languages will disappear over the next century. But a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direst predictions from coming true. ‘The key to fostering diversity is for people to learn their ancestral tongue, as well as the dominant language,’ says Doug Whalen, founder and president of the Endangered Language Fund in New Haven, Connecticut. ‘Most of these languages will not survive without a large degree of bilingualism,’ he says. In New Zealand, classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language. A similar approach in Hawaii has produced about 8,000 new speakers of Polynesian languages in the past few years. In California, ‘apprentice’programmes have provided life support to several indigenous languages. Volunteer ‘apprentices’ pair up with one of the last living speakers of a Native American tongue to learn a traditional skill such as basket weaving, with instruction exclusively in the endangered language. After about 300 hours of training they are generally sufficiently fluent to transmit the language to the nextgeneration. But Mufwene says that preventing a language dying out is not the same as giving it new life by using it every day. ‘Preserving a language is more like preserving fruits in a jar,’he says.However, preservation can bring a language back from the dead. There are examples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revived by later generations. But a written form is essential for this, so the mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before.Questions 1-4Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.There are currently approximately 6,800 languages in the world. This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical 1…… . But in today’s world, factors such as government initiatives and 2……are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their 3…… . This has been encouraged through programmes of language classes for children and through ‘apprentice’schemes, in which the endangered language is used as the medium of instruction to teach people a 4……. Some speakers of endangered languages have even produced writing systems in order to help secure the survival of their mother tongue.’Questions 5-9Look at the following statements (Questions 5-9) and the listof people in the box below. Match each statement with the correct person A-E.Write the appropriate letter A-E in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.5 Endangered languages cannot be saved unless people learn to speak more than one language.6 Saving languages from extinction is not in itself a satisfactory goal.7 The way we think may be determined by our language.8 Young people often reject the established way of life in their community.9 A change of language may mean a loss of traditional culture.A Michael KraussB Salikoko MufweneC Nicholas OstlerD Mark PagelE Doug WhalenQuestions 10-13Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this10 The Navajo Language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.11 A large number of native speakers fail to guarantee thesurvival of a language.12 National governments could do more to protect endangered languages.13 The loss of linguistic diversity is inevitable.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN AUSTRALIAThe first students to study alternative medicine at university level in Australia began their four-year, full-time course at the University of Technology, Sydney, in early 1994. Their course covered, among other therapies, acupuncture. The theory they learnt is based on the traditional Chinese explanation of this ancient healing art: that it can regulate the flow of ‘Qi’or energy through pathways in the body. This course reflects how far some alternative therapies have come in their struggle for acceptance by the medical establishment.Australia has been unusual in the Western world in having a very conservative attitude to natural or alternative therapies, according to Dr Paul Laver, a lecturer in Public Health at the University of Sydney. ‘We’ve had a tradition of doctors being fairly powerful and I guess they are pretty loath to allow any pretenders to their position to come into it.’In many other industrialised countries, orthodox and alternative medicine have worked ‘hand in glove’for years. In Europe, only orthodox doctors can prescribe herbal medicine. In Germany, plant remedies account for 10% of the national turnover of pharmaceuticals. Americans made more visits to alternative therapists than to orthodox doctors in 1990, and each year they spend about $US 12 billion on therapies that have not beenscientifically tested.Disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years. In a 1983 national health survey, 1.9% of people said they had contacted a chiropractor, naturopath, osteopath, acupuncturist or herbalist in the two weeks prior to the survey. By 1990, this figure had risen to 2.6% of the population. The 550,000 consultations with alternative therapists reported in the 1990 survey represented about an eighth of the total number of consultations with medically qualified personnel covered by the survey, according to Dr Laver and colleagues writing in the Australian Journal of Public Health in 1993. ‘A better educated and less accepting public has become disillusioned with the experts in general, and increasingly sceptical about science and empirically based knowledge,’ they said. ‘The high standing of professionals, including doctors, has been eroded as a consequence.’Rather than resisting or criticising this trend, increasing numbers of Australian doctors, particularly younger ones, are forming group practices with alternative therapists or taking courses themselves, particularly in acupuncture and herbalism. Part of the incentive was financial, Dr Laver said. ‘The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.’In 1993, Dr Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who attended eight alternative therapists’practices in Sydney. These practices offered a wide range of alternative therapies from 25 therapists. Those surveyed had experienced chronic illnesses, for which orthodox medicine hadbeen able to provide little relief. They commented that they liked the holistic approach of their alternative therapists and the friendly, concerned and detailed attention they had received. The cold, impersonal manner of orthodox doctors featured in the survey. An increasing exodus from their clinics, coupled with this and a number of other relevant surveys carried out in Australia, all pointing to orthodox doctors’inadequacies, have led mainstream doctors themselves to begin to admit they could learn from the personal style of alternative therapists. Dr Patrick Store, President of the Royal College of General Practitioners, concurs that orthodox doctors could learn a lot about bedside manner and advising patients on preventative health from alternative therapists.According to the Australian Journal of Public Health, 18% of patients visiting alternative therapists do so because they suffer from musculo-skeletal complaints; 12% suffer from digestive problems, which is only 1% more than those suffering from emotional problems. Those suffering from respiratory complaints represent 7% of their patients, and candida sufferers represent an equal percentage. Headache sufferers and those complaining of general ill health represent 6% and 5% of patients respectively, and a further 4% see therapists for general health maintenance.The survey suggested that complementary medicine is probably a better term than alternative medicine. Alternative medicine appears to be an adjunct, sought in times of disenchantment when conventional medicine seems not to offer the answer.Questions 14 and 15Choose the correct letter, A, B C or D.Write your answers in boxes 14 and 15 on your answer sheet.14 Traditionally, how have Australian doctors differed from doctors in many Western countries?A They have worked closely with pharmaceutical companies.B They have often worked alongside other therapists.C They have been reluctant to accept alternative therapists.D They have regularly prescribed alternative remedies.15 In 1990, AmericansA were prescribed more herbal medicines than in previous years.B consulted alternative therapists more often than doctors.C spent more on natural therapies than orthodox medicines.D made more complaints about doctors than in previous years.Questions 16-23Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 16-23 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this16 Australians have been turning to alternative therapies in increasing numbers over the past 20 years.17 Between 1983 and 1990 the numbers of patients visiting alternative therapists rose to include a further 8% of the population.18 The 1990 survey related to 550,000 consultations with alternative therapists.19 In the past, Australians had a higher opinion of doctorsthan they do today.20 Some Australian doctors are retraining in alternative therapies.21 Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.22 The 1993 Sydney survey involved 289 patients who visited alternative therapists for acupuncture treatment.23 All the patients in the 1993 Sydney survey had long-term medical complaints.Questions 24-26Complete the vertical axis on the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 2 for answer.Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.READING PASSAGE 3You should ,spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 belowPLAY IS A SERIOUS BUSINESSDoes play help develop bigger, better brains?Bryant Furlow investigatesA Playing is a serious business. Children engrossed in a make-believe world, fox cubs play-fighting or kittens teasing a ball of string aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a carefree and exuberant way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there’s much more to it than that. For a start, play can even cost animals their lives. Eighty per cent of deaths among juvenile fur seals occur because playing pups fail to spot predators approaching. It is also extremely expensive in terms of energy. Playful young animals use around two or three per cent of their energy cavorting, and in children that figure can be closer to fifteen per cent. ‘Even two or three per cent is huge,’says John Byers of Idaho University. ‘You just don’t find animals wasting energy like that,’he adds. There must be a reason.B But if play is not simply a developmental hiccup, as biologists once thought, why did it evolve? The latest idea suggests that play has evolved to build big brains. In other words, playing makes you intelligent. Playfulness, it seems, is common only among mammals, although a few of the larger-brained birds also indulge. Animals at play often use unique signs —tail-wagging in dogs, for example —to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviour is not really in earnest.A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt, mate and socialise as adults. Another has been that it allows young animals to get in shape for adult life by improving their respiratory endurance. Both these ideas have been questioned in recent years.C Take the exercise theory. If play evolved to build muscle or as a kind of endurance training, then you would expect to see permanent benefits. But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops, so any improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood. ‘If the function of play was to get into shape,’says Byers, ‘the optimum time for playing would depend on when it was most advantageous for the young of a particular species to do so. But it doesn’t work like that.’ Across species, play tends to peak about halfway through the suckling stage and then decline.D Then there’s the skills-training hypothesis. At first glance, playing animals do appear to be practising the complex manoeuvres they will need in adulthood. But a closer inspectionreveals this interpretation as too simplistic. In one study, behavioural ecologist Tim Caro, from the University of California, looked at the predatory play of kittens and their predatory behaviour when they reached adulthood. He found that the way the cats played had no significant effect on their hunting prowess in later life.E Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. The converse was also found to be true. Robert Barton of Durham University believes that, because large brains are more sensitive to developmental stimuli than smaller brains, they require more play to help mould them for adulthood. ‘I concluded it’s to do with learning, and with the importance of environmental data to the brain during development,’he says.F According to Byers, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a ‘sensitive period’—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. Think of the relative ease with which young children — but not infants or adults —absorb language. Other researchers have found that play in cats, rats and mice is at its most intense just as this ‘window of opportunity’ reaches its peak.G ‘People have not paid enough attention to the amountof the brain activated by play,’ says Marc Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behaviour involved was markedly more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. Such behaviour activates many different parts of the brain, he reasons. Bekoff likens it to a behavioural kaleidoscope, with animals at play jumping rapidly between activities. ‘They use behaviour from a lot of different contexts —predation, aggression, reproduction,’he says. ‘Their developing brain is getting all sorts of stimulation.’H Not only is more of the brain involved in play than was suspected, but it also seems to activate higher cognitive processes. ‘There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,’says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates, ideas of reciprocity and the use of specialised signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioural flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. The idea is backed up by the work of Stephen Siviy of Gettysburg College. Siviy studied how bouts of play affected the brain’s levels of a particular chemical associated with the stimulation and growth of nerve cells. He was surprised by the extent of the activation. ‘Play just lights everything up,’he says. By allowing link-ups between brain areas that might not normally communicate with each other, play may enhance creativity.I What might further experimentation suggest about the way children are raised in many societies today? We already know that rat pups denied the chance to play grow smaller brain components and fail to develop the ability to apply social rules when they interact with their peers. With schooling beginning earlier and becoming increasingly exam-orientated, play is likelyto get even less of a look-in. Who knows what the result of that will be?Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 had nine paragraphs labeled A-I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 the way play causes unusual connections in the brain which are beneficial28 insights from recording how much time young animals spend playing29 a description of the physical hazards that can accompany play30 a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play31 the possible effects that a reduction in play opportunities will have on humans32 the classes of animals for which play is importantQuestions 33-35Choose THREE letters A-F.Write your answers in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.The list below gives some ways of regarding play.Which THREE ways are mentioned by the writer of the text?A a rehearsal for later adult activitiesB a method animals use to prove themselves to their peer groupC an activity intended to build up strength for adulthoodD a means of communicating feelingsE a defensive strategyF an activity assisting organ growthQuestions 36-40Look at the following researchers (Questions 36-40) and the list of findings below.Match each researcher with the correct finding.Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.36 Robert Barton37 Marc Bekoff38 John Byers39 Sergio Pellis40 Stephen SiviyList of FindingsA There is a link between a specific substance in the brain and playing.B Play provides input concerning physical surroundings.C Varieties of play can be matched to different stages of evolutionary history.D There is a tendency for mammals with smaller brains to play less.E Play is not a form of fitness training for the future.F Some species of larger-brained birds engage in play.G A wide range of activities are combined during play.H Play is a method of teaching survival techniques.剑桥雅思阅读4原文参考译文(test2)Passage 1参考译文Lost for wordsMany minority languages are on the danger list语言的消失——许多少数民族语言濒临灭绝In the Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying. Most of its speakers are middle-aged or elderly. Although many students take classes in Navajo, the schools are run in English. Street signs, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years’time.对于居住在美国西南部四州的那瓦霍人来讲，他们的语言正在遭遇灭顶之灾。
雅思真题第四册答案解析
雅思真题第四册答案解析雅思（IELTS）考试是全球范围内广泛接受的英语语言水平测试，对于打算出国留学或者移民的人士来说，雅思成绩往往是必备条件之一。
而雅思的难度之所以备受瞩目，除了考察考生的英语能力外，更重要的是其真题的复杂性和多样性。
雅思真题第四册是许多考生备考的重点，下面将对该册真题进行答案解析。
第一部分是听力。
听力是许多考生最为头痛的一部分，因为其考察的是对于英语的听力理解能力。
在答题过程中，考生需要对话题进行准确把握，并根据听到的内容进行判断、填空或选择。
然而，在第四册的真题中，听力内容涉及的领域非常广泛，如旅游、教育、环境等。
因此，要想解答好这些题目，考生需要在平时的学习中多听多练，提高对不同话题的听力理解能力。
第二部分是阅读。
阅读部分是雅思考试的核心，考察考生对于英语文章的阅读理解能力。
在解答这一部分题目时，考生需要快速浏览文章，抓住关键信息，并根据题目要求进行选择、匹配或是填空等。
在第四册的真题中，常见的话题包括科学发展、文化传统、社会现象等。
因此，考生在备考过程中，除了英语词汇和语法的准备外，还需要多读英语文章，培养阅读理解能力，并掌握一些常见话题的相关词汇和句型。
第三部分是写作。
写作是雅思考试中最具挑战性的一部分，要求考生能够准确表达自己的观点，正确运用各种逻辑结构和连词，同时还要求考生的词汇量和句子结构能够达到一定的水平。
在第四册的真题中，写作的话题包括环境保护、科技发展、教育制度等。
因此，考生需要在备考过程中时刻关注时事热点，积累相关的词汇和观点，并通过写作的练习提高自己的写作能力。
第四部分是口语。
口语考试是雅思考试中最容易被忽视的一部分。
在答题时，考生需要表达自己对于所给话题的观点，同时要求能够流利地用英语进行交流。
在第四册的真题中，常见的话题包括个人爱好、社会习俗、旅游经历等。
因此，考生在备考中需要通过与他人的交流来提高口语表达能力，同时掌握一些常见话题的相关词汇和句型。
雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案
雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案雅思阅读模拟试题 Section 1Passage 1: 旅游业的兴起阅读以下段落，回答问题。
旅游业已成为全球最大的产业之一。
每年有数亿人次的国际旅行，产生了数百万个工作岗位，并为国家经济做出了巨大贡献。
随着人们生活水平的提高和交通工具的发展，旅游业仍在不断增长。
然而，旅游业的发展也带来了一些问题，如环境污染、文化冲突和生态破坏。
Question 1: 旅游业的全球影响是什么？{content}Question 2: 旅游业发展最快的因素是什么？{content}Passage 2: 保护野生动物阅读以下段落，回答问题。
保护野生动物已成为全球关注的焦点。
然而，许多野生动物正面临生存威胁，如非法狩猎、栖息地丧失和气候变化。
为了保护这些动物，各国政府和国际组织已经采取了一系列措施，如设立自然保护区、加强法律法规和提高公众意识。
Question 3: 为什么保护野生动物变得重要？{content}Question 4: 保护野生动物采取了哪些措施？{content}雅思阅读模拟试题 Section 2Passage 1: 太阳能的未来阅读以下段落，回答问题。
太阳能是一种清洁、可再生的能源，有巨大的潜力。
随着技术的进步，太阳能电池的效率不断提高，成本也在逐渐降低。
许多国家已经开始建设太阳能发电站，以减少对化石燃料的依赖并应对气候变化。
预计未来太阳能将成为全球主要的能源来源之一。
Question 5: 太阳能的优势是什么？{content}Question 6: 为什么太阳能电池的效率不断提高？{content}Passage 2: 数字鸿沟阅读以下段落，回答问题。
数字鸿沟是指信息技术在不同群体之间的差距。
这种差距可能源于经济、教育和地理等因素。
数字鸿沟可能导致社会不平等，限制人们的发展机会。
为了解决这一问题，政府和社会组织正在努力提供更多的信息技术培训和教育，以提高人们的数字素养。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Animal’s Self-Medicatin
TRUE/NOT GIVEN/FALSE/TRUE
pitch/terpenses/alkaloids/detoxity/hooks
G/D/E/C
Development of Public Management Theory BE/AD/AB/AC/A/B/D/C/B
---------------------------------------------17
Koalas
C/C/A/B/A
YES/NO/NO/NOT GIVEN/YES/NOT GIVEN/YES
A
Coastal Archaeology of Britain
C/D/A
TRUE/FALSE/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/TRUE/ADF
Communication Styles and Conflict
iii/vii/i/iv/ix/viii/v/ii
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/TRUE
B
Talc Powder Applied on Food and Agricultural Industries B/B/A/A/C/B
20/foam/waste
water/harmful/biodegrade/droplet(s)/lamination(packing)/gr ape grower(s)
Human Navigation-finding our way
B /
C / A / C / B / C /
D / A /
TRUE / NOT GIVEN / TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN
Plant Scents
B/A/F/C
TRUE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE
B/B/C/D/A
Agriculture and T ourism
A/B/C/C/A/B/D
benefit/survey/three/cooperation/experience/incomes
E-training
iii/v/vii/ii/ix/viii
D/B/A/F/ACD
Choices and Happiness
B/D/A/C
FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE/TRUE
B/A/D/C
Paper or Computer ?
iv / iii /viii /ii / ix /vii / i
flexible /tangible / tailorable
C /A / A /D
The “Extinct”Grass in Britain
FALSE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN
E/F/A/D/B/C
Extinction Mysterious of the Dinosaurs
NO/YES/NOT GIVEN/YES/NO/YES
ecological
release/competitors/dragons/overlooked/vanished/recycled/ misdated
Malaria in Italy
insect/unclean air/life expectancy/hereditary
YES/NG/NO/YES
E/G/B/F/C/A
Antarctica--in from the Cold
D/E/F/C/A/C/A/B/B/D/C/A/C
The Pearl
B/D/E/E
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
B/J/K/F/C/D
The History of “Farmer”
E/B/G/D/H
mail-order company/chain store/buying offices/celebration/big family/B/C/A
Biodiversity
TRUE/FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/NOT GIVEN keystone(species)/fig families(or figs)/(sea) urchins/cactus moth/Australia/public education
Food for Thought
viii/ii/iv/x/i/v/vii
H/F/I/A/C/B/E。