8.情态动词和虚拟语气

合集下载

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气
e.g. 1) If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句指过去,主句指现 在)
2) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.
定等,例如: 1)He shall get what he wants. 2)You shall not leave your post this afternoon.
2、情态动词的推测性用法 1)肯定句 must; could; may; might(把握性依次降低) 2)疑问句 can/could 3)否定句 can’t/couldn’t; may not; might not(把握性依次降低)
to; may; might will/would
would表示过去意愿
will
used to/would
used to常含有过去曾经,现在不再的含义; would 则 表示过去某一环境下倾向性的习惯
can may/might; can/could
请求允许时用过去式表示“委婉”“
must;have to should; ought to
主 It is 上述动词的过去分词 语 从 句
that主语+ (should) do/be done ...
表 ...上述动词的同源名词 语 (如suggestion, order, 从 proposal, plan, idea, 句 command, request等:)
is/was
同 位 ...上述动词的同源名词 语 (如suggestion, order, proposal, 从 plan, idea, command, request等:)

情态动词和虚拟语气用法简表及总结

情态动词和虚拟语气用法简表及总结

补充:1.根据情态动词表推测的确信程度大小可作如下排序:must>will>would>ought to>should>can>could>may>might2.shall的用法:(1)shall用于一、三人称疑问句中,表示征求对方的同意或向对方请示。

(2)shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的允诺、保证、命令、威胁、警告、决心或者法律规章上的指示和规定等。

eg: ①Shall I open the window?②You shall get a new bike you want very much if you get the first prize in the coming exam.注:shall,will表示命令时的区别。

⑴shall指法律、规章、制度上的“必须”。

常用于正式文件中。

⑵will指责任、义务上的“必须”。

常用于日常交际中。

eg:①Each competitor shall wear a number.②No one will leave the examination room before ten o'clock.3.should的用法:⑴表意外,指说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外或惊异,意为“竟然,竟会”。

⑵表推测,指确定的或可能有的未来或希望,意为“应该”。

⑶表可能,常用在if条件句中,强调某事的可能性,意为“要是,万一”。

eg:①I am surprised that you should speak like that.②They should be ready by 12:00.③If he should come,please let me know.4.would与used to的区别(1)二者都可表示过去重复的习惯动作。

(2)表示过去的状态,只能用used to,不能用would.(3)used to强调过去与现在的对比,而would只表示过去习惯的动作,常与often、every day等状语连用。

高考英语语法情态动词和虚拟语气专题讲解

高考英语语法情态动词和虚拟语气专题讲解

高考总复习 ·英语
返回导航
语法专项提升 专题八
【注意】 dare 作实义动词时,在肯定句中要接 to,在疑问句和否定句中 to 可省 去。
►He dares to catch a snake.他敢捉蛇。 ►I do not dare (to) complain.我不敢抱怨。 9.ought to 表示义务和责任,意为“应该”,语气比 should 强。 ►You ought to take care of yourself.你应该照顾好自己。
高考总习 ·英语
返回导航
语法专项提升 专题八
(2)表示客观或理论上的可能性。 ►It can be very hot here in summer. 这里夏天有时会很热。 (3)表示请求或允许。在疑问句中 could 可以代替 can,语气更委婉。 ►Can I have a word with you? It won't be long. 我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花很长时间的。 (4)表示推测,意为“可能”,用于否定句和疑问句。can 比 could 语气强。 ►He can't be our manager. The manager has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。
语法专项提升
专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气
语法专项提升 专题八
考点精讲领悟
情态动词的基本用法 1.shall (1)用在第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见。 ►Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗?
高考总复习 ·英语
返回导航
语法专项提升 专题八
高考总复习 ·英语

2020年高考英语语法必考考点 8 虚拟语气及情态动词

2020年高考英语语法必考考点 8 虚拟语气及情态动词

2020年高考英语语法必考考点(8)虚拟语气及情态动词【考点解读】 情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,每年单项填空题必考一题。

考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别;情态动词否定式的用法辨析:“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。

虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点,但是难点。

考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上,因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式。

虚拟语气考点透析 考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if +should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。

例如: ①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing,I would invite her to the party.A. couldn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. might not 解析句意为:如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实,我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。

that从句为同位语从句,描述的是事实,用陈述语气。

正确答案为C。

2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if +should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。

例如: If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic. But it ______ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD.is raining 解析句意为:如果天气好的话,我们是能够去野餐的,但是下了一天的雨。

句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情,所以用了虚拟语气。

“下了一天的雨”是事实,所以用陈述语气。

语法专题7情态动词和虚拟语气

语法专题7情态动词和虚拟语气

语法专题7情态动词和虚拟语⽓情态动词的⽤法情态动词表⽰说话⼈对某⼀动作或状态的态度,可以表⽰“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。

情态动词没有⼈称和数的变化。

但不能单独作谓语动词⽤,必须和不带to的不定式连⽤构成谓语动词。

只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连⽤,在句中作谓语⽤。

将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式,在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。

现将各情态动词的基本⽤法分述如下:1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本⽤法(1)表⽰能⼒,如:He can speak English better than you.(2)在疑问句和否定句中表⽰“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can thisgreen bike be Liu Dong's?(3)表⽰“许可”时can可以和may换⽤,如:You can (may) go home now.(4)如果要表⽰语⽓婉转,可⽤could代替can,这时could不再是can 的过去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to 都可表⽰能⼒,两者在意思上没有什么区别。

但是can只能有现在式和过去式,⽽be able to则有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do thework better.2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本⽤法(1)表⽰允许或征询对⽅许可,有“可以”之意,如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答对⽅说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,⼀般多不⽤may或may not,以避免语⽓⽣硬或不容⽓。

⽽⽤⽐较婉转的说法进⾏回答。

如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或---- Certainly. 在请求对⽅许可时,如果Might I…? 就⽐⽤May I…? 语⽓更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表⽰“阻⽌”或“禁⽌”对⽅做某事时,要⽤must not代替may not,如:---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn?t. It?s too dangerous. (2)may或might都可以表⽰可能性,表⽰“或许”、“可能”之意,如果⽤might表⽰可能性,则语⽓更加不肯定,如:They may (might) bein the library now .3、must的基本⽤法(1)must表⽰“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式must not,缩写形式为mustn't,表⽰“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁⽌”之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要⽤needn't或⽤don't (doesn't) have to (不必)来回答,⽽不⽤mustn't,因为mustn't表⽰的是“禁⽌”或“不许可”之意,如:---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days.(3)在肯定句中must可以表⽰推测,表⽰“⼀定”或“必定”之意,如:---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know hisfather has just bought him a new one.4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的⽤法(1)can, could后接完成式的⽤法:①在否定句或疑问句中表⽰对过去发⽣过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中,可以表⽰过去可能做到⽽实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语⽓。

高中英语:情态动词与虚拟语气语法知识点

高中英语:情态动词与虚拟语气语法知识点

高中英语:情态动词与虚拟语气语法知识点情态动词的基本用法情态动词具有一定的词义,没有人称和数的变化,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,用来表示愿望、态度或推测等。

1.表示能力(1)表示现在的能力:can am\is\are able to(2)表示将来的能力:will be able to(3)表示过去的能力:could表示过去的能力,不表示是否做;was\were able to表示过去有能力做,并且成功做了,相当于:managed to do sth\succeeded in doing sth;could have done表示过去本来能够做但未做。

I can't promise anything, but I'll do what I can.我不能许诺什么,但我会尽力而为。

(表示现在的能力)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了这个宾馆,但是每个人都逃了出去。

(表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了)I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.我本来可以解出这道题,但我太紧张了。

(表示本来有能力做但未做)2.表示推测(可能性)可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。

(1)客观的可能性并不表示具体某事是否会发生,而用来说明人或事物的特征。

情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的(或理论的)可能性,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时, can 一般不用于肯定句。

Accidents can happen on such rainy days.在这样的多雨天气里可能会发生事故。

(表示客观的可能性)We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.今晚我们可能去看电影,但还没确定。

8.情态动词与虚拟语气汇总

8.情态动词与虚拟语气汇总

1. (1) You may go home now.
(2) — May I borrow your towel? — Yes,you may./No, you can't(mustn't). 1. (1)你现在可以回家。 (2) ——我可以借用你的毛巾吗?
—— 是的,你可以。 / 不行,你不可以。 / 不, 你决不能借用我的毛巾。
2. Will you help me with my work?
在我工作方面帮助我好吗?
5
3. Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早上他都会沿着河流散步。 4. If you will read this article,you will realize you are wrong. 假如你愿意看这篇文章,你就会认识到你错了
5
will 的主要用法有: 1.表示意志、意愿;
2.在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示请求或询问 对方的意思;
3.表示习惯、经常性、倾向性,有“惯于、总 是”等意义; 4.在if,when,until等连词引导的表示时间
5
或条件的从句中要用一般时表将来,但在 if 从句中 有时为了表示意愿也可用will,有“愿意”的意思。
中国南方的一些城市冬天里可能会很冷的。
3
can的主要用法有: 1. 表能力,翻译为“能够/会”。
2. 表可能性,翻译为“可能/会”。
3. 表许可,翻译为“可以”,用于否定句,表示 不允许,翻译为“不可以/不能”。 4. 表示偶然发生的可能性,翻译为“有时会”。 5. 用于否定句,表推测,翻译为“不可能”。
祝你成功。
5. (1)You may well say so.

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。

情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”;情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。

虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法,以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。

一、概念1.什么是情态动词本身有一定词义,是表达说话人的情感、态度、语气的词,其作用是给动词增添感情色彩②表现形式:情态动词+动词原形/be2.特点①没有人称和数的变化②不能直接跟宾语,必须搭配实义动词或be动词的原形③情态动词的过去式往往不表时态,而表示更加委婉的语气。

例句:Can/could you help me?2.情态动词的表现形式1)情态动词+do例句:We must help each other to overcome the difficulties.You shouldn’t be so careless.2)情态动词+be doing例句:She must be sleeping now.My mother may/might be cooking now 3)情态动词+be done例句:Difficulties can and must be overcome. Something must be done to stop pollution.4)情态动词+have done例句:You ought to have come earlier.They might have finished the work.二、情态动词的分类1.只能作情态动词:must, can/could, may/might2.可作情态动词也可作助动词的:will/would, shall/should3.可作情态动词有可作实义动词的:need,dare4.具有情态动词特征的:ought to, have to, beable to三、分类讲解1.can /could1)表示能力:会,在表示过去的能力时用could 例句:I can swim.Lucy can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.The cinema can seat 500 people.I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.2)表允许,许可常用在口语中,此时could 不表示过去式,而表示语气上比can更客气。

2014高考英语二轮_语法篇专题:专题8__情态动词和虚拟语气

2014高考英语二轮_语法篇专题:专题8__情态动词和虚拟语气

表示推测(客观推测)to be home by now.
Dared he break the traffic regulations again? She doesn’t dare to stay at home alone at night.
过去情况 的推测
情态动词 + have It must/may/might/could have rained last night. The ground is +过去分词 wet. The door was locked. He can (could) not/may (might) not have been at home. Can/Could he have gotten the book?
表示过去的习惯动作,没有“现 已无此习惯”的含义 During the vacation he would visit me every week. It would be about ten when he left home.
表示估计和猜想
【考点一】考查表示能力的情态动词 情态动词can和could可以表示能力;be able to do强调设法成功完 成某一具体动作(相当于manage to do/succeed in doing)。 If it were not for the fact that she can’t sing, I would invite her to the party. 【即学即练】 单项填空 ①The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 解析:选C。考查情态动词。have to不得不; would表示意愿或过 去常常;could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;be able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。根据句意,选 C。

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气

谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气)要点一情态动词的基本用法【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。

常译为“有时会”。

2.may,might【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。

may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。

【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。

4.shall,should,ought to5.must,have to【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。

(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。

(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。

6.need 的用法7.dare 的用法【温馨提示】(1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。

(2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。

要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法1.must have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。

It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet.昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。

I saw Mr Wang just now.He can’t have gone abroad.刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。

2.could have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。

You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best.你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。

高考英语语法知识点归纳总结:情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词

高考英语语法知识点归纳总结:情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词
dare say.
注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.(否定句)
Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?(疑问句)
shall
用于第一人称:征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
用于第二、三人称:警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。
He cannot have been to that town.
can+主语+ have done:表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定(用在疑问句中)。
Can he have got the book?
might(may)+ have done:对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。
He may not have finished the work.
would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
During the vacation he would visit me every week
The wound would not heal.(伤口老是不能愈合)
would表示估计或猜想。
It would be about ten when he left home.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.should D.may
在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must。
He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?
He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?
should(ought to)+ have done:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词【要点点拨】1. 表示请求和允许: can, could , may, might. 过去式使语气更委婉,答语应用原形。

--- Could I use your computer tomorrow morning?--- Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用:No, I’m afraid not.)21)can.Children can be very tiring.2)反意问句。

He may know the plan, doesn’t he?You must have studied English before, haven’t you?You can’ t have been caught in the rain last night, were you?3.could & be able to在肯定句中could表示过去有“能力”做,was / were able to表示过去有能力而且确实做成了某一件事,相当于managed to do…或succeeded in doing sth.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.4. may / might as well do sth “还是…好”、“不妨”You might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把真相告诉我的好。

5. must和have to1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法, 而have to强调客观需要。

2)否定形式含义不同。

mustn’t禁止,不许可,don’t have to不必3) must 偏要(做令人不快的事)eg. Must you shout so loudly?6. shall和should1)表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示,用于第一、三人称。

高中英语语法系统讲解之八情态动词和虚拟语气

高中英语语法系统讲解之八情态动词和虚拟语气

高中英语语法系统讲解之八情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词一. 情态动词的类型和特征1. 类型○1只作情态动词用的有:can(could),may(might),must,ought to。

○2可作情态动词也作实义动词的有:need,dare。

○3可作情态动词也作助动词的有:shall(should),will(would)。

○4具有情态动词某些特征的有:have(had)to,used to。

2. 特征情态动词有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词连用,构成谓语;且适用于主语的各种人称和数(have to例外),主语是第三人称单数时,要用has to。

二. 情态动词的基本用法1. can与could○1表示能力或客观可能性,还可表示请求和允许,她存在以下几种形式:如Children can be troublesome sometimes.○2表示惊异、推测、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句中)。

如This can’t be done by him.○3 can的习惯用法A. can but的用法can but“只好,至多不过”,如We can but do our best.B. cannot help but,cannot help的用法二者都表示“不得不;不能避免;不禁”;但前者后加动词原形,后者加代词或动名词等。

如The girl couldn’t help but live on herself.When I try to speak, I can’t help making mistakes.C. cannot … too“无论怎样……都不过分;越……越好”如We can’t thank you too much for what you have done for us。

We can not be too careful to cross the road.温馨提示:○1 can与be able to:can表示有能力做某事,be able to表示通过努力、克服困难做成某事。

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气(一) 情态动词的基本用法1. can be able to could①can 和 be able to 都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。

但 can 只有现在和过去时,而 be able to 则有更多的形式。

但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用 could 而用was/were able to 来表示。

这时 was/were able to 相当于 managed to或succeeded in ,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。

如:The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.②can 和 could: can 和 could 都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。

但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用 could,回答时则用 can。

如: Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you?2. may/might①may/might 表示可能,但 may 比 might 可能性大。

如:—Why isn't he in class? —He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大) He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)②may/might 表示"允许",may 用于现在时或将来时,might 常用在间接引语中表过去时,但 might 也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用 may。

如: He says we may leave. He said we might leave.③may / might 表示建议或请求, might 比 may 更客气,但意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。

如:---May / Might I use your bike?---Yes, you can / may/ No,you mustn’t3. must /have to①must 表示必须,应该,强调主观意愿,没有时态变化。

高中英语语法讲义——情态动词和虚拟语气

高中英语语法讲义——情态动词和虚拟语气

高中英语语法讲义——情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词:有词义无人称和数的变化,必须和动词一起构成谓语(+ do表现在/将来,+have done表过去),可进行句式转换。

1,表能力can 一般能力,只用于现在时和过去时。

He can swim across the river .be able to 特殊能力(有条件),用于所有时态。

He’s able to swim across the river in 5 minutes.2, 表推测肯定句(强到弱): must / have to,should/ ought to, may, might / couldThat may be our bus now .(有可能). That might/ could be our bus now .(有怀疑)否定句(强到弱): can’t(不可能), couldn’t , shouldn’t, may not (可能不),might not .The boy on the playground can’t be Li Lei , for he is studying at school at present.Take it easy . you may not have failed in the test.疑问句: can, could .There is someone knocking on the door. Who can it be ?题组训练:(1)Although you _________find bargains in London , it’s not generally a cheap place to shop .(2)Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest _______ become the richest .(3)Harry is feeling uncomfortable .He __________(drink)too much at the party last night .3,表必要,义务/责任必要性: must / have to do, needn’t / don’t have to , needn’t have done(过去没必要做而做了)Must I finish writing my composition now ?Yes , you must . / No, you needn’t/ don’t have to .You needn’t have come so early this morning. The class begins at 8:00 every day .义务/责任: should do , should have done .You should work hard at all your subjects .You should have come here on time yesterday . Why not ?题组训练(4)I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.--- Do you mean we ____bring anything with us ?(5)Sorry ,Professor Smith .I didn’t finish assignment yesterday.--- Oh, you ___ have done it as yesterday was the deadline .4, 表请求、建议、命令、允许、禁止请求、建议: Shall / May + 1 / 3 人称… ? Will / would + 2 人称… ? Can / Could … ?May/ Can I come in ? Yes , you may / can . No , you can’t / mustn’t.Shall the worker get a rise this month ?Will / Would you do me a favor ?注意: could 提问一般用can 回答Could I use your dictionary ? Yes , you can . No , I’m afraid not .命令must ,should/ ought to , shouldn’t /oughtn’t to. 禁止mustn’t . 允许may / might, canYou must go to bed by 10:00 pm. You shouldn’t stay up too late .You mustn’t be late for class . You may / might / can leave the window open.题组训练(6)_________ I have a word with you ? It won’t take long .(7)The room is too dirty ._________ we clean it ?5, 表意愿、决心、许诺、宣布法规命令、许诺、宣布法规: 2 / 3 人称+ shall …First of all , every adult shall obey the laws. The possessions shall be divided into 4 parts.意愿、决心:所有人称+ will / would …Welcome to Xueda any time if you will宁愿做:would rather do , would rather do … than do … , would do .. rather than do … ,would rather sb had done(过去)…/ did (现在/将来)… .prefer to do , prefer to do … rather than do … , prefer doing … to doing … .题组训练:(8)Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night ? I wanted to .But my mom simply ______not let me out so late at night.(9)The school rules state that no child ______ be allowed out of the school during the day unless accompanied by an adult .6 , 表习惯、倾向叙述真理、目前习惯:will / won’tCars won’t run without gas . She will watch V oice of China on Fridays .过去习惯:would / wouldn’t 但used to do 强调现在不做了。

情态动词与虚拟语气知识点

情态动词与虚拟语气知识点

情态动词与虚拟语气一、情态动词1.Can/could①表示能力:能/可以/会(could为过去式)②表示请求:可以(一般用于疑问句,could表示更委婉)注:could提问时,回答不能用could例:Could I smoke here?Yes,you can/No,you can’t③表示推测:不可能can't/couldn't(只用在否定句)注:表示推测时也可以用在疑问句或肯定句,但是很少,常见的例句:Can/Could it be true?That can/could be......2.may/might①表示请求:可以(一般用于疑问句,might表示更委婉)注:May提问,否定回答mustn't/can't②表示推测:也许(might比may可能性小)3.Must①表示命令/警告:必须(否定为mustn't“禁止”)注:must提问,否定回答needn't/don't have to②表示推测:一定(否定为can't“不可能”)4.will/would①用于构成将来时②表示意愿:会5.Need①实义动词need to do/need doing②情态动词(一般只用在疑问句或否定句)6.had better最好(注意否定had better not)7.Dare 敢(习惯接不定式,不过to也可以省略)8.Should ①应该②竟然注:ought to=should 应该9.have to 不得不Have to表示客观影响,must强调主观意愿10.be able to=canbe able to有时态变化,可以与其他情态动词连用,can不可以;另外,be able to更强调历经磨难,通过努力得到成功二、情态动词+have done1.三个推测(对过去的推测)①must have done:一定做了...②may/might have done:也许做了...③can't have done:肯定没做...2.could have done:本来能够做...例:You could have made greater progress,but you didn't.3.should/ought to have done:本该做...(却没做)4.needn't have done:本不必做...(却做了)5.Would have done:本会做...(实际上没做到)三、虚拟语气1.if的非真实条件句中例:①If I were you,I would accept his advice②If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home③If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam△if从句中,were/had/should可以放在句首(部分倒装),此时if必须省略,且否定词not不能放在前面例:①If I hadn't seen him then,I wouldn't have been very happy→Had I not seen him then,I wouldn't have been very happy②If I were you,I would accept his advice→Were I you,I would accept his advice2.错综时间条件句谓语动词根据句子本身的时态自行变化例:If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now3.含蓄虚拟语气在某些介词存在的句子中,如果出现非真实的情况,要使用虚拟语气,常见的介词有:with/without/but for/or/but/otherwise等规则:例:①I was ill that day,otherwise,I would have taken part in the meeting②Without electricity,human being life would be quite different today4.wish与if only例:①I wish he could visit us tomorrow②If only you had listened to our advice!5.would rather(宁愿)/would sooner(宁可)/would as soon(宁愿)例:①I’d rather you came here tomorrow②I’d rather you hadn't told me the truth6.as if/as though例:①He looks as if he were an artist②He talked about the accident as though he had seen it7.用于建议(advise/suggest/propose/recommend)、命令(order/command)、要求(demand/require/request/desire/ask)、坚持要求(insist)、催促(urge)的从句中。

情态动词+虚拟语气

情态动词+虚拟语气

情态动词一.情态动词的语法特征1)情态动词除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

2)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

二.情态动词的用法(Can/could、May/ might、Must、Shall/should、will/would、Dare、Need、ought to)(一). Can1.基本用法1)表示能力The parrot can speak three languages.2)表示请求/允许Can/Could I borrow the book from the library. Yes. I can/No. I can’t。

(Could 不表过去式;只表语气更委婉,表请求只用于疑问句)3)表示可能性Shanghai can be very cold in March.2. Can 与be able to1)can could 表示能力;可能(过去时用could)2)表示过去成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.3)在否定结构中,二者可以互换。

3.习语:cannot / can’t(never/hardly)do…too …“越……越好,怎么也不过分”。

You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候,越小心越好。

(二). May1.基本用法1)表示可能性She may be still waiting for us.2)表示允许May I come in? Yes, you may./No, you mustn’t.3)表示祝愿May you have a happy holidayMight 过去式;语气更委婉2.习语:may/might as well do sth,意为"不妨"。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

一、情态动词的用法要点1、表能力表现在的能力:can,am/is/are able to.表将来的能力:will be able to.表过去一般性、一贯性能力:could.表过去特定的具体场合的能力was/were able to.2、表推测(1)可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。

所为客观的可能性即并不涉及具体某时是否会发生,此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。

情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,can一般不用于肯定句。

如:I can win the silver medal in the CPhO.(现在的能力)If you work hard,you will be able to take part in the IPhO.(将来的能力)The exam is very difficult ,but everybody was able to pass it.(过去有能力并且成功做了某事)。

(2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性①表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较词形肯定式否定式疑问式must 必定,必然/ /will 很可能,大概不会,不该会……吗?would 可能性比will小语气比won’t弱语气比will弱should 按说应该应该不会/ought to 按说应该应该不会/can / 不可能有可能吗?could 微弱的可能不可能语气比can弱may 或许,也说不定可能不/might 比may还弱比may not还弱/②表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,may,must常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句;can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思;could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

③would,could,should,might并不一定与过去时间有关,而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。

④should表推测时,表示确定或可能有的未来或期望,即合乎理想的情况或结果。

3、表示请求、允许、允诺(1)may(might),can(could),will(would)可用于问句表示请求许可或提出建议。

(2)Could/might/would/should表委婉的语气。

P.S.回答允许时,用could/might表示委婉是不恰当的。

(3)Shall在疑问句中与第一、第三人称连用,表征询对方意见;shall在陈述句中与第二、第三人称连用,表说话者的命令、警告、威胁、允诺,或表示宣布法律规定。

如:Shall the driver wait outside?You shall leave the room at once,and he also shall.(=I order you and him to leave the room at once.)It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.4、表示必要性(1)must常用来表示必要性,意为“必须”。

(2)should也可以表示必要性,意为“(义务上)应该”。

Should表示必要性时,在语气上比must弱。

“should+动词原形”表示现在或将来应该做(的必要性)。

5、表示“宁愿做某事”时,可使用下面这些结构。

would rather do sth;would rather do sth. than do sth.;would do sth. rather than do sth.;would rathersb. did sth.;prefer to do sth.;prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.;prefer doing sth. to doing sth.6、情态动词+have done用法一览表情态动词+have done 用法例句must have done 想必/准是/一定做了否定式为:can’t/couldn’t havedoneIt must have rained lastnight,for the road is quitemuddy.can/could have done 1.本来能够做2.过去可能会做Can he have gone to his aunt’s?cannot/could not have done 1.过去不可能做了2.过去没能够做He cannot have forgotten it.may/might have done 也许已经做了,一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”),不用于疑问句。

用might则表示语气更加不肯定。

It ‘s to late.I think he may havegone to bed.He may not have finished thework.should/ought to have done 本该做,而实际上未做You ought to have done thisexercise more carefully.should not/ought not to havedone 本不该做而做了You shouldn’t have told herthe truth.needn’t have done 本不必做而做了You needn’t have taken a taxi here,for it was very near to my home.would rather have done 宁愿当时做了(其否定式would rather not have done表达相反含义,两者都表示你“后悔”之意)I raised objections at themeeting,but now I wouldrather not have done that.would like/love to have done 过去愿意做但未做成I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.7、情态动词的其他用法特点:(1)Cannot but do sth.表示不得不/只好做某事。

如:I cannot but choose to go.我只好去。

(2)May as well+动词原形意为最好,满可以,倒不如。

如:You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。

(3)Cannot(或can never等)与enough连用表示再……也不为过。

(具体见形容词和副词)(4)May可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

如:May you return in safety.(5)Why/How+should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异的意思,意为“竟会”。

如:Why should you be so late today?(6)Must表示偏要,硬要。

如:Must you make so much noise?(7)May作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用mustn’t表示“禁止”;must作“必须”讲时,其否定式常用needn’t,表示“不必”。

(8)Need和dare的用法Need和dare两者既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。

作行为动词时,有人称和数的变化,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句或疑问句是要用助动词do,does did;做情态动词是,没有人称和数的变化(dare的过去时dared),直接接动词原形,多用于否定句和疑问句中,构成否定句和疑问句是不用助动词。

另外,dare作情态动词时,还可用于条件句中,过去是为dared;作行为动词时,dare用于疑问句或否定句,后面的to也可省略;I dare say 是习惯用法,意为“我想,大概”。

Need作行为动词时,还可表示“需要”,后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式表示被动含义。

(详见非谓语动词专题)二、虚拟语气1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If I were you,I shouldseize the chance tokiss me.与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If you had taken myadvice,you would nothave failed in theexams.与将来事实相反的假设1.If+主语+动词的过去式2.If+主语+were to+动词原形3.If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If he should not cometomorrow,we wouldput off the meeting tillnext Monday.(1)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的事件作出相应的调整。

如:If you had followed my advices just now,you would be a college student now.(2)在条件状语从句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。

如:If I were at school again,I would study harder=Were I at school again,I would study harder.注意:若省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式是,不能用动词的缩略形式。

(3)又是为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。

如“What would you do with a million dollars?=If you had a million dollars,what would you do?2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可实现的愿望。

其谓语动词构成形式为:①一般过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时)②过去完成时(宾语从句动作先于wish)③could/would/might+动词原形,即过去将来时(宾语从句动作后于wish)。

相关文档
最新文档