医学英语04
医学英语综合教程Unit 4 译文
Unit 4 病理学简介病理学是研究疾病的科学。
在临床实践和医学教学中，病理学的含义更为广泛：病理学由一系列的知识、观点和研究方法构成，它们对理解现代医学及医学实践至关重要。
病理学不等同于疾病组织的形态学，把两者等同起来是一种过时的看法。
病理学包括对疾病功能及结构的认识和理解，包含从分子水平到对个体的影响。
随着新科学方法的应用，人们更深入地了解疾病，病理学所涵盖的内容也会不断地改变、更新和拓展。
病理学的最终目的在于确定疾病的原因，从而达到防治疾病的基本目标。
病理学的范围病理学是医学科学和实践的基础。
没有病理学，医学实践也将无从谈起。
临床病理学和实验病理学人们对疾病的认识来自于对病人的观察，同样也来自于对动物和细胞培养的实验性研究。
而最大的贡献则来自于对病体组织和体液的深入研究。
临床病理学临床医学以对疾病的纵向研究为基础，即研究病人病史，检查、研究和治疗疾病。
而临床病理学更关注疾病本身的现况分析，深层次研究发病原因和机制，以及疾病对人体各个器官和系统的影响。
两者相辅相成、不可分割。
不理解病理学，临床医学无从开展；而没有了临床意义，病理学也就失去了存在价值。
实验病理学实验病理学观察诸如疾病动物模型或细胞培养等实验系统的操作效果。
幸运的是，细胞培养技术在进步，所以在医学研究和实验病理学中，人们对实验动物的使用减少了。
然而，通过细胞培养复制完整人体中普遍存在的生理环境仍然是一种极其困难的尝试。
病理学的分支病理学是一门拥有庞大分支的学科。
在实践中，病理学包含以下几大分支：组织病理学：通过对组织的检查研究和诊断疾病。
细胞病理学：通过对单个细胞的检查研究和诊断疾病。
血液病学：对血液中细胞成分和可凝结成分的异常进行研究。
微生物学：对传染性疾病及相关生物体进行研究。
免疫学：对机体特殊防御机制进行研究。
病理化学：从组织和体液的变化中研究和诊断疾病。
遗传学：对异常染色体和基因进行研究。
毒理学：对已知或疑似毒物的作用进行研究。
医学英语教程(4)ppt课件
• chief complaint
主诉
• clinical manifestation 临床表现
• delivery history
分娩史
• Etiology
病因学
• family history
家族史
• history, medical history 病史
• precipitating(induced) 诱因
2
• functional diseases 机能病、官能病 • infectious diseases 传染病 • inherited diseases 遗传病 • malignant diseases恶性病 • nutritional diseases 营养病 • occupation diseases 职业病 • organic diseases 器质性病 • paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病 • periodical diseases 周期病 • primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病 • secondary diseases 继发病 • sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病 • terminal diseases 绝症 • wasting diseases 消耗性疾病
到…疼痛） • angina 绞痛 • cardiac angina 心绞痛
13
• backache 背痛 • colic 绞痛，急腹痛 • earache 耳痛 • headache 头痛 • neuralgia 神经痛 • migraine 偏头痛 • rebound tenderness 反跳痛 • somatalgia 躯体痛 • sore throat 咽喉痛 • stomachache 胃痛 • toothache 牙痛
医学英语大全
医学英语大全医学英语大全1、抗生素医嘱[Antibiotic order]·Prophylaxis [预防性用药] Duration of oder[用药时间] 24hr Procedure[操作，手术]·Empiric theraphy [经验性治疗]Suspected site and organism[怀疑感染的部位和致病菌] 72hr Cultures ordered[是否做培养]·Documented infection[明确感染]Site and organism[部位和致病菌] 5days·Other[其他]Explanation required [解释理由] 24hr·Antibiotic allergies[何种抗生素过敏]No known allergy [无已知的过敏]·Drug+dose+Route+frequency[药名+剂量+途径+次数]2、医嘱首页[Admission / transfer]·Admit / t ransfer to [收入或转入]·Resident [住院医师] Attending[主治医师]·Condition [病情]·Diagnosis[诊断]·Diet [饮食]·Acitivity [活动]·Vital signs[测生命体征]·I / O [记进出量]·Allergies[过敏]3、住院病历[case history]·Identification [病人一般情况]Name[性名]Sex[性别]Age [年龄]Marriage[婚姻]Person to notify and phone No.[联系人及电话] Race[民族]身份证]Admission date[入院日期]Source of history[病史提供者]Reliability of history[可靠程度]Medical record No[病历号]Business phone No.[工作单位电话]Home address and phone No.[家庭住地及电话] ·Chief complaint[主诉]·History of present illness[现病史]·Past History[过去史]Surgical[外科]Medical[内科]Medications[用药]Allergies[过敏史]Social History[社会史]Habits[个人习惯]Smoking[吸烟]Family History[家族史]Ob/Gyn History[ 婚姻/生育史]Alcohol use[喝酒]·Review of Aystems[系统回顾]General[概况]Eyes,Ears,Nose and throat[五官] Pulmonary[呼吸] Cardiovascular[心血管]GI[消化]GU[生殖、泌尿系统]Musculoskeletal[肌肉骨骼]Neurology[神经系统]Endocrinology[内分泌系统]Lymphatic/Hematologic[淋巴系统/血液系统]·Physical Exam[体检]Vital Signs[生命体征]P[脉博]Bp[血压]R[呼吸]T[温度]Height[身高]Weight[体重]General[概况]HEENT[五官]Neck[颈部]Back/Chest[背部/胸部]Breast[乳房]Heart[心脏]Heart rate[心率]Heart rhythm[心律]Heart Border[心界]Murmur[杂音]Abdomen[腹部]Liver[肝]Spleen[脾]Rectal[直肠]Genitalia[生殖系统]Extremities[四肢]Neurology[神经系统]cranial nerves[颅神经]sensation[感觉]Motor[运动]*Special . on diseased organ system[专科情况]*Radiographic Findings[放射]*Laboratory Findings[化验]*Assessment[初步诊断与诊断依据]*Summary[病史小结]*Treatment Plan[治疗计划]4、输血申请单[Blood bank requisition form](1)reason for infusion[输血原因]▲红细胞[packed red cells, wshed RBCs]:*Hb< [血色素<]*>20% blood volume lost [>20%血容量丢失]*cardio-pulmonary bypass with anticipated Hb <8[心肺分流术伴预计血色素<8]*chemotherapy or surgery with Hb <10[血色素<10的化疗或手术者]▲全血[whole blood]:massive on-going blood loss[大量出血]▲血小板[platelets]:*massive blood transfusion >10 units[输血10单位以上者]*platelet count <50×103/μl with active bleeding or surgery[血小板<5万伴活动性出血或手术者]*Cardio-pulmonary bypass uith pl<100×103/μl with octive bleeding[心肺分流术伴血小板<10万，活动性出血者]*Platelet count <20×103/μl[血板<2万]▲新鲜冰冻血浆[fresh frozen plasma]:*documented abnormal PT or PTT with bleeding orSurgery[PT、PTT异常的出血或手术病人]*specific clotting factor deficiencies with bleeding/surgerg[特殊凝血因子缺乏的出血/手术者]*blood transfusion >15units[输血>15个单位]*warfarin or antifibrinolytic therapy with bleeding[华法令或溶栓治疗后出血]*DIC[血管内弥漫性凝血]*Antithrombin III dficiency[凝血酶III 缺乏](2)输血要求[request for blood components]*patient blood group[血型]*Has the patient had transfusion or pregnancy in the past 3 months? [近3个月，病人是否输过血或怀孕过？]*Type and crossmatch[血型和血交叉]*Units or ml[单位或毫升]5、出院小结[discharge summary]Patient Name[病人姓名]Medical Record No.[病历号]Attending Physician[主治医生]Date of Admission[入院日期]Date of Discharge[出院日期]Pirncipal Diagnosis[主要诊断]Secondary Diagnosis[次要诊断]Complications[并发症]Operation[手术名称]Reason for Admission[入院理由]Physical Findings[阳性体征]Lab/X-ray Findings[化验及放射报告]Hospital Course[住院诊治经过]Condition[出院状况]Disposition[出院去向]Medications[出院用药]Prognosis[预后]Special Instruction to the Patient(diet, physical activity)[出院指导（饮食，活动量）]Follow-up Care[随随访]6、住院/出院病历首页[Admission/discharge record]·Patient name[病人姓名]·race[种族]·address[地址]·religion[宗教]·medical service[科别]·admit (discharge) date[入院（出院）日期]·Length of stay [住院天数]·guarantor name [担保人姓名]·next of kin or person to notify[需通知的亲属姓名]·relation to patient[与病人关系]·previous admit date[上次住院日期]·admitting physician [入院医生]·attending phgsician[主治医生]·admitting diagnosis[入院诊断]·final (principal) diagnosis[最终（主要）诊断]·secondary diagnosis[次要诊断]·adverse reactions (complications)[副作用（合并症）]·incision type[切口类型]·healing course[愈合等级]·operative (non-operative) procedures[手术（非手术）操作] ·nosocomial infection[院内感染]·consutants[会诊]·Critical-No. of times[抢救次数]·recovered-No. of times[成功次数]·Diagnosis qualitative analysis[诊断质量]discharge Dx concur [门诊入院与出院诊断符合率]Clinical and pathological Dx concur[临床与病理诊断符合率]Pre- and post-operative Dx concur [术前术后诊断符合率]·Dx determined with in 24 hours (3 days) after admission[入院后24小时（3天）内确诊]·Discharge status[出院状况]recovered[治愈]improved[好转]not improved[未愈]died [死亡]·Dispositon[去向]home[家]against medical ad[自动出院]autosy[尸检]transferred to[转院到]医学英语常用前后缀医学英语常用前后缀·a-[无，缺] ▲anemia[贫血] atonia[无张力] asymptomatic[无症状的] amenorrhea[闭经] ·ab-[分离] abduct [外展] abscision[切除] ·acou (acu)-[听觉] acumeter [听力计] acouophone[助听器] ·acro-[肢端] acromegaly[肢端肥大症] acromastitis[乳头炎] ·ad (af, an)-[邻近，向上] adrenal [肾上腺] adaxial[近轴的] annexa[附件] ·-ad[……侧] ventrad[向腹侧] cephalad[向头侧] ·adeno-[腺] adenocyte[腺细胞] adenoidism[腺体病] ·adipo-[脂肪] adiposis[肥胖症] adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] ·adreno-[肾上腺] adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素]adrenalin[肾上腺素] adrenal[肾上腺] ·-aemia(emia)[血症] bacteremia[菌血症] leukemia[白血病] ·-albi (albino)-[白色] albumin[白蛋白] albinism[白化病] ·-algesia[痛觉] ▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退] ·-algia[痛] ▲arthralgia[关节痛] ▲cephalgia[头痛] ▲neuralgia[神经痛] ·alkali-[碱] ▲alkalosis[碱中毒] ·alveo-[牙槽，小沟] ▲alveolitis[牙槽炎] ▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎] ·ambi-[复，双] ambiopia[复视] ambivert[双重性格] ·ambly-[弱] ▲amblyopia[弱视] ▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝] ·amylo-[淀粉] ▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶] ▲amylase[淀粉酶] ·angio-[血管] ▲angiography[血管造影术] ▲angioedema[血管性水肿] ▲angeitis[脉管炎] ▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤] ·ante-[前] ▲antenatal[出生前的] ▲ante flexion[前屈] ·antero-[前] ▲anterolateral[前侧壁] ▲anteroventral[前腹侧] ·anti-[抗，反] ▲antibiotics[抗生素] ▲antihypertensives[降压药] ▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂] ·rarchno-[蛛网膜] ▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎] ·archo-[肛门，直肠] ▲archorrhagia[肛门出血] ▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器] ·arterio-[动脉] ▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛] ▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化] ·arthro-[关节] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺] ▲arthrotomy[关节切开术] ▲arthritis[关节炎] ·-ase[酶] ▲oxidase[氧化酶] ▲proteinase[蛋白酶] ·-asthenia[无力] ▲myasthenia[肌无力] ▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱] ·audio(audito)-[听力] ▲audiology[听觉学] ▲audiometer[听力计] ·auto-[自己] ▲autoimmune[自身免疫] ▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法] ·bacilli-[杆菌] ▲bacillosis[杆菌病] ▲bacilluria[杆菌尿] ·bacterio-[细菌] ▲bacteriology[细菌学] ▲bactericide[杀菌剂] ·baro-[压力] ▲barometer [压力计] ▲baroreceptor[压力感受器] ·bary-[迟钝] ▲barylalia[言语不清] ▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝] ·bi-[双] ▲bicuspi d[二尖瓣]] ▲bilateral[两侧的] ·bili-[胆汁] ▲bilirubin[胆红素] ·bio-[生命] ▲biology[生物学] ▲biopsy[活检] ·-blast[母细胞] ▲spermatoblast[精子细胞]▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞] ▲osteoblast[成骨细胞] ·brachy-[短] ▲brachypnea[气短] ▲brachydactylia[短指畸形] ·brady-[迟缓] ▲bradycardia[心动过缓] ▲bradypsychia[精神不振] ·broncho-[支气管] ▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查] ▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛] ▲bronchitis[支气管炎] ·bronchiolo-[细支气管] ▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] ·calci-[钙] ▲calcification[钙化] ▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] ·carbo-[碳] ▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物] ▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] ·carcino-[癌] ▲carcino gen[致癌物] ·cardio-[心，贲门] ▲cardiotonics[强心剂] ▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术] ·-cele[疝，肿物] ▲omphalocele[脐疝] ▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] ·celio-[腹] ▲celialgia[腹痛] ▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查] ·-centesis[穿刺] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术] ▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] 3 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·ce phalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis[小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学] ·chemo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿，氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromycetin[氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲chondrification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术] ▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反，逆] ▲contraindica tion[禁忌证] ▲contraceptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂]▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解] ·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·de nto[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术] ▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛] ▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张] ▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术] ▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿] ▲e ncephaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑]▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎] ▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩] ·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫] ▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生] ▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] ▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fungista sis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体] ▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素] ·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白] ▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-grade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克] ▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gynecopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲ 4 回复：医学英语常用前后缀hematoma[血肿] ·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ▲hemicr ania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎] ▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症] ▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学] ▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型] ▲ho mologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药] ▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospa sm[子宫痉挛] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学]▲psychiatry[精神病学] ▲pediatry[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infra red[红外线] ·inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的] ▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracranial[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多] ▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多] ▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学] ▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumbago[腰背痛] ▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphede ma[淋巴水肿] ▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞] ▲macromolecule[大分子] ·mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎] ▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经] ·-meter[表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的] ▲multipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜] ▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤] ▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼] 5 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全] ▲oliguria[少尿] ·-oma[肿瘤] ▲adenoma[腺瘤] ▲osteoma[骨瘤] ·onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学] ▲oncogene[癌基因] ·ophthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] ▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹] ·-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲mycosis[霉菌病] ·osteo-[骨] ▲osteo malacia[骨软化] ▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎] ·oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石] ▲otoplasty[耳成形术] ▲otopyosis[耳化脓] ·pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫] ▲pantalgia[全身痛] ▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良] ·-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ·-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病] ▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病] ·pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ·-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细胞减少] ▲thrombopenia[血小板减少] ·per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮肤的] ·peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎] ▲perianal[肛周的] ·pharmaco-[药] ▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学] ▲physicochemistry[药典] ·physio-[物理▲physiotheraphy[理疗] ▲physicochemistry[物理化学] ·-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术] ▲homoplasty[同种移植] ▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] ·-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ·pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎] ▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术] ·-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·pneumo-[气，肺] ▲pneumothorax[气胸] ▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] ·poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿] ▲polycholia[胆汗过多] ·post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后] ·pre-[前] ▲premenopause[绝经前期] ▲premature[早搏] ▲preload[前负荷] ·pseudo-[假] ▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大]▲psudomembranous[假膜的] ·psycho-[精神，心理] ▲psychology[心理学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ·-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血] ·pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓] ▲pyosis[化脓] ·radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗] ▲radiology[放射学] ·recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠炎] ▲rectectomy[直肠切除术] ·retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎] ▲retinodialysis[视网膜分离] ·rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎] ▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏] ·-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorrhagia[胃出血] ▲hemorrhage[出血] ▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血] ·-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术] ▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术] ·-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻] ▲meno rrhea[月经] ·schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病] ▲schistoglossia[舌裂] ·scirrho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病] ▲scirrhoma[硬癌] ·sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病] ▲sclerometer[硬度计] ·-scope(y)[镜，检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器] ▲otoscope[耳镜] ▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法] ·semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷] ▲semiliquid[半流汁] ·spondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病] ▲spondylitis[脊椎炎] ·-stomy[造口术] ▲colostomy[结肠造口术] ▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术] ·sub-[下，亚] ▲subacute[亚急性] ▲subabdominal[下腹部的] ·super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的] ▲superoxide[超氧化物] ·supra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的] ▲sup rarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进] ·tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动过速] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗] ▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗] ·thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计] ▲thermatology[热疗学] ·thrombo-[血栓，血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓] ▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症] ▲thrombosis[血] ·-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术] ▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术] ·tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜] ▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血] ·trans-[经，转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道] ▲transfusion[输血] ·-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良] ▲atrophy[萎缩] ·ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线] ▲ultrasound[超声] ·utero-[子宫] ▲ute roscope[子宫镜] ▲uterotonic[宫缩剂] ·vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩] ▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂] 6 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis[小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学] ·chemo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿，氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromycetin[氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲chondrification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术] ▲colop tosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证] ▲contraceptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂] ▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解] ·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术] ▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛] ▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张] ▲aerenterectasi a[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术] ▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎] ▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩] ·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫] ▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生] ▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] 7 回复：医学英语常用前后缀▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲fo rebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体] ▲a ndrogen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素] ·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白] ▲glucocorti coid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-grade[级，度]▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克] ▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gyne copathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲hematoma[血肿] ·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎] ▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症] ▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学] ▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型] ▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药] ▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ▲pediatry[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的] ▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracranial[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多] ▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多] ▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学] ▲Car diology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumbago[腰背痛] ▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿] ▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞] ▲macromolecule[大分子] ·mal-[不良] ▲malnu trition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎] ▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经] ·-meter[表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的] ▲multipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜] ▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤] ▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼]医学英语缩写一览表医学英语缩写一览表· each[各] ·[抗体] ·[腹部] ·ABG-arterial blood gas[动脉血气] ·[异常] ·ABp-arterial blood pressure[动脉压] ·[无] ·[摘要] · meals[饭前] ·[乙酰胆碱] · cortical hor mone[肾上腺皮质激素] · coagulative time[活化凝血时间] ·[促肾上腺皮质激素] ·ad.(add.)-adde[加] ·ad effectum [直到有效] · hormone[抗利尿激素] ·ad lib-at liesure[随意] ·adm.(admin)-adminstration[给药] ·ad us external use[外用] · fibrillation[房颤] · flutter[房扑] ·A/G ratio[白-球蛋白比] · immune deficien cy syndrome[爱滋病] · ear[左耳] ·[白蛋白] · noon[上午] ·[救护车] ·amp.(ampul)-ampoule[安瓿] ·[麻醉] ·[镇痛药] · dinner[饭前] ·appr.(approx.)-approximately [大约] · regurgitation[主闭] · stenosis[主狭] ·[阿斯匹林] · septal defect[房缺] · transaminase[谷草转氨酶] ·atm.(atmos.)-atomsphere[大气压] ·se rum[抗破伤风血清] ·[平均] ·[钡] · body temperature[基础体温] · Calmette- Guerin[卡介苗] ·[参考文献] · a day[每日二次] · metabolism[基础代谢] · pressure[血压] ·bpm-baets per minute[次/分] ·sugar[血糖] ·weight[体重] ·centigrade[摄氏温度计] ·[癌] ·[癌] ·Cal. – calorie[卡] ·Cap. – capsule[囊] · blood cou nt[血常规] · complaint[主诉] ·CC. condition list[病危通知单] · Coronary care unit[冠心病监护室] · delivered[剖腹产] · date of confinement[预产期] · antigen[癌胚抗原] · group[对照组] · kinase[肌酸激酶] ·[毫开] ·[毫米] · nervous system[中枢神经系统] ·[复方] ·[禁忌] ·computerized tomography[计算机断层扫描] ·vita e[简历] ·DBp-diastolic blood pressure[舒张压] ·differential diagnosis[鉴别诊断] ·[科] ·[诊断] ·DIC-disseminate intravascular coagulation[弥漫性血管内凝血] ·[分升] · mellitus[糖尿病] · murmur[舒张期杂音] · on arrival[到达时已死亡] · of birth[出生日期] ·[医生] · in water[葡萄糖液] ·D-5-W,-5% dextrose in water[5%葡萄糖液] ·DU-duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡] ·ECG.(EKG.)- electrocardiograph[心电图] ·ECHO .-echogram[超声] ·EDD.(EDC)-expected date of delivery (confinement)[预产期] ·ENT. – ears, nose and throat[五官科] ·EMG. –electromyogram[肌电图] ·ER. –emergency room[急诊室] ·et elsewhe re[等等] ·etc. –and soforth[等等] ·F.(Fahr.)-Fahrenheit [华氏] ·F- Female[女性] · fasting blood sugar[空腹血糖] · degradation products[纤维蛋白原降解产物] ·FFA. – free fatty acid[游离脂肪酸] ·FUO. – fever of unknown origin[不明原因发热] ·FX. –fracture [骨折] ·GH. –growth hormone[生长素] · gastrointestinal[消化] ·GITS. – gastrointestinal therapy system[胃肠治疗系统] ·gtt. – drops[滴] · gastric ulcer[胃溃疡] ·Hb. – hemoglobin[血红蛋白] · blood pressure[高血压] ·HCG. –human choroionic gonadotropic hormone[人绒毛膜促性腺激素] ·high density lipoprotein[高密度脂蛋白] ·rate[心率] ·[身高] ·[高血压] ·[病历] · injection[皮下注射] ·– aortic balloon pacing[主动脉内囊反搏] ·I/ and output [进出量] ·ICU. – intensive care unit[重症监护病房] ·ie. –that is [即] ·Ig. –immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ·Im. –iutramuscular[肌内的] · inhalation[吸入] · isoniazid[异烟肼] · injection[注射] · intern[实习生] · in-patient[住院病入] · international unit[国防单位] ·[静脉内] · joule[焦耳] · Kidney,ureter and bladder[肾、输尿管和膀胱] · blood pressure [低血压] ·LC. –laparoscopic cholecystectomy[腹腔镜胆囊切除术] · density lipoprotein[低密度脂蛋白] ·Liq. –liquid[液体] · last menstrual period[未次月经] ·LP. –lumbar puncture[腰穿] ·M. –male[男性] ·corpuscular diameter[平均红细胞直径] · corpuscular hemoglobin[平均红细胞血红蛋白量] · corpuscular hemoglobin concentration[平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度] ·corpuscular volume[平均红细胞体积] · infarction[心梗] ·[分] ·mixt。
医学英语
三、口腔医学 Dentistry/ Stomatology /Oral Medicine
BOOK4 BOOK1 Unit1 四、公共卫生与预防医学
Primary Care, Public Health & Preventive Medicine
1. 免疫学 2. 传染病学 3. 流行病学 4. 地方病学 5. 职业病学 6. 全科医学 7. 急诊医学
BOOK4 BOOK1 Unit1 一、基础医学 Preclinical Medicine 1. 人体解剖学 (1)系统解剖学 (2)局部解剖学 2. 组织胚胎学 3. 分子生物学 4. 细胞生物学 11. 药理学 12. 实验动物学 13. 放射医学 Human Anatomy Systematic Anatomy Topographic Anatomy/Topology Histology & Embryology Molecular Biology Cell Biology/Cytology 11. Pharmacology 12. Laboratory Animal Science 13. Radiology
BOOK4 BOOK1 Unit1 四、公共卫生与预防医学
Primary Care, Public Health & Preventive Medicine
护理学 1. 基础护理学 2. 整体护理 3. 3. 急症护理与重症监护 4. 临终关怀 Nursing & Medical Care 1. Fundamental Nursing 2. Holistic Nursing 3. Intensive & Critical Care 4. Palliative Care
BOOK4 BOOK1 Unit1 二、临床医学 Clinical Medicine
医学英语
1.holistic medicine 整体医学2.homeostasis 内环境稳态3.mainstream medicine 主流医学4.conventional medicine 传统医学5.hypnosis 催眠6.chemotherapy 化学疗法7.radiation therapy 放射疗法8.leukemia 白血病9.lymphoma 淋巴瘤10.melanoma 黑瘤病11.quitting smoking 戒烟12.oral hygeience 口腔卫生13.acupuncture 针灸14.side effect 副作用plication 并发症16.skeletal muscles 骨骼肌肉系统17.cardiovascular system 心血管系统18.connective tissues 结缔组织19.tendon 肌腱20.internal forces 内力21.external forces 外力22.air resistance 空气阻力23.ganglia 神经节24.neuroglia 神经胶质25.the central nervous system中央神经系统26.the peripheral nervous system周围神经系统27.the autonomic nervous system自主神经系统28.neuron 神经细胞29.never pulse conduction 神经冲动传导30.cytoplasm 细胞质31.dendrites 树突32.axon 轴突33.the spino cord 脊髓34.cerebral 大脑皮质35.synapse 突触36.the sympathetic nevers system交感神经系统37.the parasympathetic nervous system副交感神经系统38.sensory fibers 感觉纤维39.atrium 心房40.ventricle 心室41.myocardium 心肌42.plasma 血浆43.artery 动脉44.vein 静脉45.capillary 毛细血管46.the systemic circulation 体循环47.the pulmonary circulation 肺循环48.phagocytosis 噬菌作用49.tissue fluid 组织液50.lymph 淋巴51.lymph node 淋巴结52.lymphatic 淋巴系统53.hormone therapy 激素疗法1,Transportation of the substances necessary to maintain cellular metabolism is one of two main functions of the circulatory system.运输所需的物质维持细胞代谢是循环系统的两个主要作用之一。
医学学术英语课文翻译Unit4
第四单元替代医学如果患病而常规疗法不起作用，或者如果患有慢性病症，你可以将传统或替代疗法作为最后的手段。
这种疗法有何好处？西方研究者如何看待这种疗法？本单元回顾了美国替代疗法，讨论了整合医学的未来发展。
TEXT A 融合传统中医和现代西医美国各界都对传统医学和补充医学感兴趣——医疗界、政府部门、媒体和公众。
越来越多的保险公司和管理式医疗机构为传统医学报销，大多数美国医学院开设传统医学课程。
艾森伯格全国研究表明，更多人在接受补充疗法。
为了便于研究替代疗法的有效性，美国国家补充与替代医学中心(NCCAM)于1999年获得五千万美元预算。
意识到需要提升植物药材科学数据的质量和数量，也为了对饮食补充剂安全性和有效性进行系统性评估，同年设立两个研究中心以研究植物药材的生物学作用。
许多患者同时接受传统和现代的疗法，需要将两种医学恰当且平稳地结合。
传统中医(TCM)的理论和技术涵盖了美国称为补充医学的多数做法，在医疗保健体系中日益重要。
若运用得当，传统中医费用合理，技术含量低，安全且有效。
针对针刺、草药、按摩和太极的研究正全球展开，可揭示传统中医的一些理论和实践。
雄心勃勃的研究设计和巨大的患者需求推动传统中医和现代医学在临床层面的结合，而学术研究者和学术机构对两种治疗体系的结合潜力越来越感兴趣。
针刺基于1997年NIH专家共识会议审查的证据，NIH专家共识发展小组保守建议，在多个情形下，针刺可以作为辅助疗法，替代疗法或综合管理方案的一部分。
该小组确认，针刺可用于治疗手术后和化疗引起的恶心和呕吐，也可治疗术后牙痛。
同时也建议针刺作为辅助疗法或可接受的替代疗法治疗成瘾、中风康复、头痛、经痛、网球肘、纤维肌痛、肌筋膜疼痛、骨关节炎、下背痛、腕管综合症和哮喘。
未来针刺临床试验将置于传统中医框架。
和主要以生物医学角度评估疗效的当代临床试验相比，这有可能对针刺疗效进行更恰当更有临床意义的评估。
现行的临床研究的科学严谨必须保持。
学术英语医学Unit4
医学英语听力的提高方法
多听医学英语材料：如医学讲座、学术报告等，提高对医学英语语音的敏感度。 学习医学专业词汇：掌握常用的医学词汇和短语，有助于理解医学英语听力材料。 练习听写：通过听写练习，提高对医学英语听力材料的理解和记忆能力。 参加医学英语听力培训班：通过专业的指导和训练，提高医学英语听力水平。
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
句子结构：分析长难句，理解医学 文献的表述方式
文献评价：学会评价医学文献的可 靠性和科学性，避免误导
学术英语医学Unit4的语法 和句型
第四章
医学英语句子的结构分析
主语+谓语： 陈述句的基本
结构
主语+谓语+宾 语：完整句子
的基本结构
主语+谓语+表 语：表达状态
或特征
学术英语医学Unit4的实践 和应用
第七章
医学英语翻译的实践练习
医学英语翻译的实践练习：通过实际案例，练习医学英语翻译技巧，提高翻译准确性和流畅 性。
医学英语词汇积累：掌握常用的医学英语词汇和表达方式，提高医学英语翻译的准确性和地 道性。
医学英语语法和句型学习：掌握医学英语的语法和句型特点，提高医学英语翻译的准确性和 规范性。
学术英语医学 Unit4
XX,a click to unlimited possibilities
汇报人：XX
目录
CONTENTS
01 添加目录标题 02 学术英语医学Unit4的概述 03 学术英语医学Unit4的词汇和表达 04 学术英语医学Unit4的语法和句型 05 学术英语医学Unit4的写作技巧
文献综述：总结前人研究，分析研究空白
研究方法：详细描述实验或调查设计、数据采集和分析方 法
医师资格考试中的专业英语考点解析
医学讲座听讲
听力理解：能够准确理解医学讲座中的专业词汇和表达方式。
口语表达：能够清晰地表达医学观点，与专家进行有效的交流和讨论。
医学术语：熟悉常见的医学术语，能够准确运用在口语交流中。
听力技巧：掌握听力技巧，如预测答案、筛选无关信息等，提高听力效率。
医学报告汇报
医学报告汇报 的常见类型： 临床病例、实 验研究、流行 病学调查等。
医学术语的分类：医学术语可以分为普通医学术语和特殊医学术语，普通医学术语是指医学领域中 普遍使用的语言，特殊医学术语是指特定领域或特定情况下使用的专业语言。
医学术语的来源：医学术语主要来源于拉丁语、希腊语和英语等语言，这些语言在医学领域中具有 广泛的应用。
医学术语的学习方法：学习医学术语需要掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识，可以通过阅读医学文献、 参加医学课程和与同行交流等方式来学习和掌握。
治疗：针对病情 采取相应的治疗 措施
手术：通过外科 手段治疗疾病
护理：对病人进 行日常照顾和生 活护理
病状描述
描述病情：使用专业英语词汇描述病人的症状和病情 诊断依据：解释如何通过专业英语词汇进行诊断 疾病分类：使用专业英语词汇对疾病进行分类和命名 治疗方法：使用专业英语词汇描述针对不同病情的治疗方法和效果
04
写作与翻译
医学信函撰写
目的：沟通交流，传递信息
语言特点：专业、准确、简洁
添加标题
添加标题
格式：开头、正文、结尾
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常用句型：请求、告知、感谢等
医学资料翻译
医学术语翻译： 准确传达医学概 念，遵循专业规 范
语境理解：深入 理解医学资料背 景，确保译文贴 切
行文规范：遵循 医学文献书写规 范，保持译文流 畅
药学英语Unit4 Text A注释及译文
Unit FourText A The Scope of PharmacologyIn its entirety, pharmacology embraces the knowledge of the history, source, physical and chemical properties, compounding, biochemical and physiological effects, mechanisms of action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs. Since a drug is broadly defined as any chemical agent that affects living processes, the subject of pharmacology is obviously quite extensive.1.entirety [en'taɪərɪti:] n.整体,全面in its entirety作为一个整体2. compounding ['kɑmpaundiŋ] n.配料；组合；复合3. Mechanism ['mekənizəm] n. 机械装置；构造, 机制；办法, 技巧, 途径4. absorption [əb'sɔrpʃən] n.吸收；吸收过程；吸收作用；专注，专心致志；合并；同化5. distribution [,distri'bju:ʃən] n.分发, 分配；散布, 分布6. biotransformation [,baiəu,trænsfə'meiʃən] n.生物转化metabolism [mɪ'tæbə,lɪzəm] n.新陈代谢7. excretion [eks'kri:ʃən] n.(动植物的)排泄,排泄物8. therapeutic [,θerə'pju:tik] adj.治疗(学)的;疗法的；对身心健康有益的9. living ['liviŋ]adj.活(着)的；现存的, 在使用中的；逼真的, 生动的n.生计, 生存之道；生活方式整体而言，药理学包括药学发展的历史，药物的来源、理化性质、配伍，药物对机体的生化过程和生理功能的影响，药物的作用机制，药物的吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄，药物的治疗作用和其他作用。
医学英语「各科室英语」
医学英语「各科室英语」医学英语「各科室英语」导语：在国外生活如果需要去医院看医生，就需要了解一下各科室的'医学英语怎么说。
下面小编给大家整理了常见的医学英语，希望能帮到大家!常见门诊科室呼吸科Respiratory内分泌科Endocrinology Department胸外科Thoracic surgery病理科Pathology Department消化内科Digestive System Department心外科Cardiac Surgery骨科Orthopedics Department输血科Blood Bank传统放射科Traditional Radiology Department神经内科Neurology Department神经外科Neurological Surgery肿瘤外科Oncological Surgery泌尿外科Urology Surgery小儿外科Pediatric Surgery口腔科Stomatological Department康复科Rehabilitation Department保健科Medical Care Department for personnel 眼科Ophthalmologic Department皮肤科Dermatology Department麻醉科Anesthesia Department烧伤科Department of Burn妇产科Obstetric and Gynecologic Department 整形科Plastic Surgery常见的治疗、检验血液病科Hematology Department临床检验Clinical Laboratory脑电图室ECG Laboratory肺功能室Lung Function Laboratory胃镜室Endoscope Laboratory超声诊断科Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department 血液净化室Laminar Airflow (LAF) Room肾内科Urology Department高压氧仓Hyperbaric Chamber院内感染监控室Nosocomial Infection Monitory 供应室Supply House营养室Nutrition House华侨病房Overseas Chinese Ward高干病房Senior Officials inpatient Ward。
医学英语教程生物医学Unit 4课文翻译
Unit 4 Common Diseases and Ailments现代医疗与疾病There is no end in sight in the battle between human beings and the diseases that can destroy them. However, in the past few decades, the nature of the enemy has changed dramatically.人类与摧毁他们的疾病之间的战斗看来将永无休止的进行下去。
然而，在过去的几十年里，自然界的敌人已经发生了戏剧性的改变。
In countries where modern medical facilities are available, infectious diseases that were once widespread killers can now be prevented or diagnosed early and cured.在一些现代医疗设施齐备的国家，过去一度是大规模的杀手的传染性疾病现在已经可以被预防或者被很早地诊断出来并治愈。
Thanks to vaccines, antibiotics, and improved sanitation, most of the dreaded epidemics of the past are not likely to recur.多亏了疫苗，抗生素，还有公共卫生条件的改善，过去绝大部分令人可怕的传染病已经不大可能会卷土重来了。
Today's major killers are noninfectious diseases-especially the various forms of cardiovascular disease and cancer. As life expectancy increases, people are more likely to succumb to degenerative conditions that the aging body is susceptible to.今天人类主要的杀手是那些没有传染性的疾病---------尤其是指各种各样类型的的心血管疾病和癌症。
学术英语医学Unit4 ppt课件
Alternative medicine: use of CAM in place of conventional medicine
2020/12/12
10
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
CAM: a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine
Complementary medicine : use of CAM together with conventional medicine
Topics for presentation
1 Give a brief explanation of the two concepts: complementary medicine and alternative medicine.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
D 9. dietetic therapy
G. 冥想 H. 催眠术 I. 针灸 J. 切脉
E 10.yoga
2020/12/12
8
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
• Critical reading and thinking – Topics for presentation – Useful expressions – Difficult sentences
医学英语.doc
医学英语医学英语如下：intravenous digital subtraction angiography 静脉注射数字减影血管道镜术intravenous injection 静脉内注射intravenous stylet 静脉内管心针intravenous urography 静脉尿路造影术intraventricular 心室内的intraventricular pressure 心室内压力intravital staining 活体染色法intravital cryopencll 玻璃体内冷冻冰（眼用）intro- 人口，在内ihtroduce ①引进，引导②前言，绪论introducer ①插管器，导引器②喉管插入器introducing tampon forceps 导塞钳introduction 说明书，前言，绪论intromission 插入，输入introscope 内腔检视仪，内孔窥视仪intubate 插管，插入喉管intubation 插管（法）intubation canula 插管套管intubation forceps 插管钳intubation tube 插管intubator 插管器，喉管插入器intussusception 套叠，肠套叠intussusceptional reductor 肠套叠复位器intussusceptional replacing unit 肠套叠复位器in vacuo 在真空中invagination 凹入，折入，套叠invaginator ①套入器②疝复位器invalid chair 残废人椅invalid wheel chair 残废人轮椅invasive 侵害的，侵入的invention 发明，创造inventor 发明者，创造者inventory ①清单，存货单②设备，机器inversion 转换，逆转inverted biological microscope 倒置生物显微镜inverted cone 倒锥形inverted cone bur 倒锥形钻inverted image 倒像inverted microscope 倒置显微镜inverted research microscope 倒置研究显微镜inverted siphon 倒置虹吸管inverted specimen jar 倒置标本瓶inverter 倒相器，交换器，换流器inverting amplifier 倒相放大器inverting eyepiece 倒像目镜invest 包埋，围模，附于investigation ①调查，研究②调查报告investment 包埋法invisible light filter 不可见光滤光镜invisible spectrum 不可见光谱in vitro 在试管内，在活体外in vivo 在活体内，在生物体内invoice (abbr.inv.) 发票，发货单involuntary 不随意的，偶然的involve 包含，包括inward 内，向内的inwinter 强冷点Io(ionium)iodide 碘化物iodimetry 碘定量法iodine(abbr. I) 碘iodine catgut 碘肠线iodine consumption 耗碘量iodine flask 碘量瓶iodine number 碘值iodine number flask 碘量瓶iodine swab 碘酊拭子iodo- 碘iodochromic catgut 碘铬肠线iodoform 碘仿，三碘甲烷iodometer 碘量计iodo-saccharometer 碘糖量计iodoventriculography 碘剂脑室造影术ion 离子ion analyser 离子分析仪ion exchange 离子交换ion exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱法ion exchange columns 离子交换柱ion exchanger ①离子交换器②离子交换器ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion exchange resin demineralizer 离子交换树脂纯水器ion exchange water purifying apparatus 离子交换纯水器ionic activity 离子活度ionic model 离子模型ionic rays 离子射线ionic strength 离子强度ionic weight 离子量ionization 电离，游离，离子化ionization chamber 电离室，电离箱ionization constant 电离常数ionization meter 电离测量仪ionization vacuum gauge 电离真空压力计ioniza calcium andlyzer 钙离子分析仪ionizer 电离器，电离剂ion laser 离子激光器ion meter 离子计ionocolorimeter 氢离子比色计ionogram 电离图ionolyser 电离子分析器ionometer ①X 射线量计②离子计ionophoresis 离子电泳作用ionoscope （氧化亚氮）酸碱杂质测定器ionosphere 电离层ionotherapy 电离子渗入疗法ionotron 静电消除器ion selective electrode 离子选择电极ion source 离子源iontophoresis 电离子透入疗法iontoquantimeter ①X 射线量计②离子计iontoradiometer X 射线量计IP (iso-electric point) 等电点IPG (impedance plethysmography) 阻抗机积描记法IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) 抑制性实触后电位Ir (iridium) 铱ir- 不，无，非（同in-,但冠于r 字头的词前）iraser 红外激射器，红外激光irid-;irido- 虹膜iridal 虹膜的iridectome 虹膜刀iridectomy hook 虹膜钩iridectomy knife 虹膜切除刀iridectomy scissors 虹膜切开剪iridium(abbr. Ir) 铱iridoscope 虹膜镜iridotome 虹膜刀iris ①虹膜②隔膜，膜片③可变光阑iris aperture 可变光圈，可变光阑iriscorder 红外线电子瞳孔仪iris diaphragm 虹膜式光阑iris forceps 虹膜镊iris hook 虹膜钩iris knife 虹膜刀iris needle 虹膜针iris replacer 虹膜复位器iris scissors 虹膜剪iris spatula and hook 虹膜铲和针iron 铁iron lung 铁肺（德林氏人工呼吸器）iron mortar 铁研钵iron triangle 铁三角架irradiation 照光，辐射irradiator 辐照器，辐射器irregular 不规则的，无规律的irregular lighting 不规则照明irreversibility 不可逆性irrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐irrigating canula 冲洗套管irrigating cystoscope 冲洗膀胱镜irrigating dilator ①灌注扩张器②尿道冲洗扩张器irrigating spoon 灌洗匙irrigating syringe 灌肠器irrigating tube 灌洗管irrigation 冲洗法irrigation catheter 冲洗导管irrigator 冲洗器irrigator bottle 灌洗瓶irrigoradioscopy 灌肠X 射线透视检查irrigoscopy 灌肠X 射线透视检查irritability 应激性，兴奋性irritation 刺激，兴奋IR spectrophotometer 红外线分光光度计IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) 吸气储备容量ISE (ion selective electrode) 离子选择电极iseikonia lens 影像平衡透镜island 岛，岛状物iso- 同，等，均匀isobar 等压线isobaric contraction 等压性收缩isochore 等容线（在等体积下温度气压关系曲线）isochrone 等时线，瞬压曲线isochronism 等时性isodose chart 等量表isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦isoelectric level 等电位（心电图基线）isoelectric line 等电线isoelectric point(abbr.IP) 等电点isoionic point 等电点isolation 绝缘，隔离isolation clothes 隔离衣isolation room 隔离室isolator 绝缘体，隔离器，隔离物isomer （同分）异构体isopanchromatic 正全色性的isoplanatic lens 等晕透镜isopotential 等电势的，等电的isopotential line 等势线isoscope 眼动测位镜，并行视线计isosmotic solution 等渗溶液isotachoelectrophoresis apparatus 等速电泳仪isotachophoresis 等速电泳isothermal line 等温线isotonic 等张的，等渗的isotonic contraction 等张收缩isotonicity 等渗性isotonic solution 等渗溶液isotonic transducer 等张收缩传感器isotope 同位素isotope analyzer 同位素分析器isotope colour scanner 同位素彩色扫描仪isotope function tester 同位素功能测定仪isotope scanner 同位素扫描仪isotope scintillation camera 同位素闪烁照像机isotope therapeutic apparatus 同位素治疗机isotope tracer 同位素示踪物isotopic tracer 同位素指示剂，示踪原子isotron 同位素分析器ISP(infrared spectrophotometer) 红外分光光度计item ①条，款，项目②产品，零件item number 品目号，项目号I.U.(international unit) 国际单位IUCD (intrauterine contraceptive device) 子宫内避孕器，节育环I.V. (intravenous) 静脉内的IV angiograpnic injector 心电管造影注射器Ivory separator 牙本质分离器IV pole 静脉输液架IVU (intravenous urography) 静脉尿路造影术J(Joule s equivalent) 焦耳氏当量(热功单位)jack ①插孔、插座②千斤顶,起重器jacket ①背心②套，盖，罩jacketed autoclave 蒸汽夹层压热器，蒸汽夹层高压釜jack panel 插孔板jack screw 螺旋正牙器jack switch 插接开关，插孔开关jamming 干扰台，干扰，抑制jamproof 抗干扰的japan 涂漆，漆器jar 缸，罐，瓶jaundice 黄疸jaw ①颌骨，颚，②叉头，夹片jaw crusher 颚式压碎机jaw force meter 咬合力计，颌力计jaw prop 支颌器jelly 冻胶，胶状物jerk 反射，反跳jet ①喷射②喷嘴，喷射器jetcorder 墨水喷射记录器（商品名）jetmizer 鼻用喷雾器job ①职业，工作②零件。
21世纪大学医学英语： 基础医学英语1-4单元
CONTENTSUnit 1Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A The Skeletal SystemPassage B Amplication of DNA by the Polymerase Chain ReactionUnit 2Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A The Brain and Its FunctionsPassage B Other Parts of the Nervous SystemUnit 3Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A BloodPassage B General Principle of Physical ExaminationUnit 4Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A The Endocrine SystemPassage B Action and Secretion of HormonesUnit 5Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A The Digestive SystemPassage B Clinical and Pathological Conditions of the Diges tive System Unit 6Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Urine FormationPassage B Pathophysiology of the KidneysUnit 7Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Uterus and Menstrual CyclePassage B Fertilization,Implantation and Early Develop-mentUnit 8Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A The Cardiovascular SystemPassage B Factors Determining Arterial Pressure and Hypert en-sion Unit 9Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Respiratory System(Ⅰ)Passage B Respiratory System(Ⅱ)Unit 10Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A TumorPassage B CancerUnit 11Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Cell DeathPassage B Clones:Will There Be“Carbon Copy”People?Unit 12Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A The Relationships Between Epstein-Barr Virus,Ma-lignancy,and mmunodeficiencyPassage B HIV in Older AdultsUnit 13Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Genetic Transfer Mechanisms and the Transmission of Drug Resistance in BacteriaPassage B Genetic CounselingUnit 14Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Definition and Nature of InflammationPassage B The Control of Microorganisms by Chemical AgentsUnit 15Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A PathologyPassage B Classification of DiseaseUnit 16Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Pharmacodynamics and PharmacokineticsPassage B Tumor PathologyUnit 17Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Animal ExperimentPassage B NursingUnit 18Section A TerminologySection B PassagesPassage A Psychology:the Search for UnderstandingPassage B Health Care SystemKey to Exercises参考译文Glossary。
学术英语(医学)_Unit 4
Para. 4 Language focus
Unlike drugs, acupuncture is more akin to surgery and physical therapy in terms of therapeutic modalities.
It is also recommended as an adjunct treatment or …
Para. 3 Language focus
osteoarthritis
– osteo-: bone
• osteoporosis
Para. 4 Language focus
Future clinical trials that test acupuncture within the framework of traditional Chinese medicine are likely to provide a more appropriate and clinically meaningful assessment of acupuncture efficacy than the current generation of clinical trials which use a diagnosis framed primarily in biomedical terms.
A. 听诊 B. 气功 C. 推拿 D. 食疗 E. 瑜伽 F. 草药疗法 G. 冥想 H. 催眠 I. 针刺 J. 切脉
Lead-in
Key： 1. C 2. I 3. H 4. A 5. F
6. J 7. G 8. B 9. D 10. E
医学专业英语课件_4
it is typically relieved within minutes by neutralization of acid by food or antacids
Answer --- Peptic Ulcer Disease
Summary:
A 37-year-old man presents complaining of chronic and recurrent upper abdominal pain with characteristics suggestive of duodenal ulcer: the pain is burning in quality, occurs when the stomach is empty, and is relieved within minutes by food or antacids. He doesn’t have evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding or anemia. He does not take nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, which might cause ulcer formation, but he does have serological evidence of H. pylori infection.
nausea can be intermittent or continuous may or may not be related to meals symptom persisting at least 12 weeks
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1. What are they talking about？
A)the patient’s age
B)the patient’s family
C)the patient’s menstruation
D)the patient’s drugs
2. What didn’t contribute to the improvement of eye operation？
A)fine suture materials
B)microsurgical instruments
C)anesthetic procedures
D)advanced medication
3. What is the mass like?
A)a soft, painful mass
B)a firm, painless mass
C)no mass
D)movable mass
4. What is the patient’s symptom?
A)bruising and bleeding
B)diarrhea
C)fatigue
D)cough
5. Which part of the body did the patient hurt？
A)his elbow
B)his leg
C)his wrist
D)his ankle
6. What foods should the patient avoid？
A)food containing caffeine
B)vegetables
C)sugar
D)milk
7. What will the doctor do to deal with the pain after the operation？
A)There will be no pain after the operation.
B)prescribe analgesic pump
C)prescribe a painkiller
D)prescribe analgesic pump and a painkiller
8. What are they talking about？
A)why type 2 diabetes has become more and more common
B)the complications of type 2 diabetes
C)the treatment of diabetes
D)how to diagnose diabetes
9. What are they talking about？
A)cholesterol
B)blood sugar
C)blood pressure
D)the body’s cells
10. What are they talking about？
A)the reason why woman gets urinary tract infection more easily
B)the reason why man gets urinary tract infection more easily
C)the treatment of urinary tract infection
D)how to diagnose urinary tract infection。