新编大学英语2第二册课文翻译

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Unit 9 Shopping新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 9 ShoppingConsumer Behavior of the YouthDavid London and Albert D. Bitta[1] Marketers are interested in understanding what products will sell well in the youth market. It is also important to appreciate the influence that young people have on the purchases of others, such as parents. In fact, sometimes marketers are more interested in young people's influence on other buyers than in their role as the main purchasers of certain items.[2] How do youths spend their incomes? Both female and male teenagers spend most of their money on clothes, CDs, stereo equipment, entertainment, and travel. Young women spend most on cosmetics, followed by clothes and jewelry. Young men spend the most on sporting goods, cameras, CDs, stereo equipment, bicycles, shoes, jeans, musical instruments, and electronic games.[3] As a member of a highly consumption-oriented society, teenagers have become increasingly aware of new products and brands. They are natural “triers” and spend hours shopping for themselves.[4] In addition to their direct impact on the marketplace, youths have a secondary influence on many of the products and brands their parents choose. For example, research reveals that three out of four teens influence their parents' purchasing decisions. For major purchases, teens' highest influence occurs in the first stage of the decision-making process and is strongest for aesthetic considerations such as style, color, and make of the product but weakest for decisions such as where and when to purchase and how much money to spend.[5] Apple computer's research showed that teens are influencing family decisions about buying computers. As a result, one of its recent model introductions used contemporary hit radio and computer magazines popular with young people to encourage teens to convince their parents to buy the new product.[6] With the large growth in the number of families of two working parents, youths are doing more of the food shopping and other shopping for parents. For example, one study found that 80 percen t of teenagers were “heavily involved” in family food shopping.[7] Kraft recognized the importance of teenage grocery shopping and is advertising on MTV, in network agencies, in teen magazines, and on contemporary hit radio, emphasizing recipes containing Kraft products. Along with the ad campaign , Kraft also produced an educational kit on “Food Buymanship ” which is given to home-economics teachers to distribute to teenagers in school.[8] Thus, it is clear that this market also occupies an important position in terms of its secondary influence on parents' buying decisions.[9] Another factor emphasizing the market importance of the youth is that this is the time when brand loyalties may be formed that could last well into adulthood. For example, a brand-loyalty study done by Seventeen magazine found that at least 30 percent of adult women were using the same brands they first chose as teenagers. Translated into total market figures, the findings would mean, for instance, that 6,760,000 women still are using the same brand of cosmetics and 8,900,000 still are eating the same kind of packaged cheese that they first bought.[10] During the process of making their buying decision, to what extent are teens influenced by parents, friends, sales clerks, media, or other sources? For many product decisions, friends are the most significant influence. Nevertheless, parents are still an important factor affecting many buying decisions. The important point is that although peer pressure is quite strong, family influences are also significant. Thus, the marketer should know which group, parents or peers, has the most influence at any given time so they can plan their marketing strategies properly.[11] Teenagers often spend hours shopping, especially on weekends. The fact that they are doing more shopping may result in their spending more money in stores they go to. In addition, youths often have a great deal of authority in store-selection decisions, which means that stores must attract them with an effective appeal. Although the popular belief is that young people buy products impulsively and are less rational than the market as a whole, surveys indicate that most respondents aged 14 to 25 compare prices and brands before buying. Research on adolescent shopping behavior has produced the following tentative conclusions:[12] Adolescents tend to rely more on personal sources for information on sophisticated [N] products such as computers, and most on media for information on more ordinary products such as clothing or cosmetics.[13] At the product-evaluation stage of the decision process, price and brand name are perceived as the most important criteria, with a relatively low influence coming from parents and peers.[14] As teenagers mature, they use more sources of consumer information prior to decision making, rely more on friends and less on parents for information and advice in buying, and prefer to purchase products without parental supervision.青年人的消费行为1 研究市场营销的人很想了解什么样的产品在年轻人市场上会好销。

新编大学英语第二册1-7单元课文翻译及课后答案

第一单元善良之心，久久相依当时我没有意识到，是爸爸帮我保持平衡奥古斯塔斯• J •布洛克1 随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。

他身材矮小，走起路来跛得很厉害。

我们一起走时，他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保持平衡，人们就会盯着我们看。

对这种不必要的注意我觉得非常难堪。

他也许曾注意到，或着觉得烦恼，但他从来没有流露出来。

2 要协调我们的步伐并不容易，他(的步子)一瘸一拐的，我(走起来)则缺乏耐心。

因此，我们走路的时候并不怎么说话。

但出发时，他总是说：“你定步伐，我会尽量跟上。

”3 我们通常在家和地铁之间来往，这是他上班的必由之路。

不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气他都去上班，几乎没有旷过一天工。

即使别人无法上班，他也要去办公室。

对他来说这是一种自豪。

4 当地上有冰或雪的时候，即使有人帮忙他也无法走路。

这时，我或者我的姐妹就用孩子玩的雪撬拉着他，穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道，直到地铁的入口处。

一到那儿，他就能紧紧抓住扶手一直走下去, 地铁道里比较暖和，下面的楼梯不结冰。

曼哈顿的地铁站正好是他办公楼的地下室，因此除了从布鲁克林我们去接他的地方到回家为止，他都不用再出去。

5 一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力，我现在想来惊讶不已。

他从没有痛苦或抱怨，他是怎么做到这一步的我感到不可思议。

6 他从不把自己当作同情的对象，也从不对更幸运的或更能干的人表示任何嫉妒。

他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。

如果他找到了一颗善心，那么有这么颗心的人对他来说就是一位大好人了。

7 由于年龄的增长，我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准，尽管我还不能精确地知道什么是一颗“善心”。

但是，当我自己没有的时候，我是知道的。

8 尽管很多活动我爸爸不能参加，但他还是尽量用某种方式参与。

当本地的一支棒球队发现缺经理的时候，他使它维持下去。

他是一个很懂行的棒球迷，经常带我去埃贝茨球场看布鲁克林的道奇队打球。

他喜欢参加舞会和聚会，就是坐在一旁观看，也很开心。

新编大学英语2课文全部翻译

以生命相赠1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。

在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。

2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。

3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。

救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。

他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。

如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。

4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。

快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。

5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。

孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。

医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。

接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。

6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。

此时小病人生命垂危。

然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。

过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。

7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。

“你叫什么名字？”8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。

9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。

在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。

10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。

11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。

12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。

医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。

13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。

他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴想竭力忍住哭泣。

14 现在医疗小组非常担忧，因为针不该使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。

新编大学英语二2(第二册)课后翻译

Unit 1Translation1. He walks slowly because of his bad leg.2. He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.3. He saw to it that the same mistake didn't happen again.4. Now that they've got to know each other a little better, the get along just fine.5. Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.6. I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion.Unit 2Translation1. I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out.2. The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes.3. All roads lead to Rome.4. I meant/intended to give you that book today, but I forgot to bring it with me.5. I was on the verge of accepting his advice.6. Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly.Unit 3Translation1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.2. She has shown great courage in the face of her seriousillness.3. We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth.4. His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.5. Learning languages isn't just a matter of memorizing words.6. Once she has made her decision, no one can hold her back.7. It'll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain.8. The scientist referred to this discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.Unit 4Translation1) All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.2) In many cases regulations alone will not work.3) He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.4) She stared at me as if I were a stranger.5) It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.6) I feel angry at the way he (has) treated me.7) The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday.8) I'd like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out. Unit 5Translation1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The castle dates back to the 14th century.6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for him.Unit 6Translation1. We regard him as one of the best players in the game.2. The scientist picked up those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a box.3. The population of China is almost five times as large as that of the United States.4. The reason why grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy.5. She was standing by the window, apparently quite calm and relaxed.6. Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.7. She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light.8. He could no longer be trusted after that incident.Unit 7Translation1. If you sing the song several times, your children will (begin to) pick up the words.2. We tried to assure the nervous old man that flying/air travel was safe.3. An inadequate supply of vitamin A may lead to night blindness.4. I can use a computer, but when it comes to computer repairing, I know nothing about it.5. Many a mother tries to have her dreams realized by her daughter.6. The bad weather discouraged people from attending the parade.7. I gave him some pills to ease his pain.8. The job involves traveling/working abroad three months each year.Unit 8Translation1. I feel I should point out how dangerous it is.2. Their opinion will not affect my decision.3. When it comes to modern art, few people know more than Tom does.4. When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire.5. The cough medicine tastes nice, but it doesn't do me much good.6. If we can't sell more goods, we'll have to cut back on the production.7. The film is all but three hours long.8. I assure you that it is true, lest anyone (should) think my story strange.Unit 9Translation1. All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure.2. Such behavior may result in the executive being fired/asked to leave.3. Our products compete with those of other factories in terms of quality, reliability and aboveall, variety.4. The team's performance was greatly affected by the heavy rain.5. I appreciate your reasons for objecting to the proposal.6. To some extent, she should be responsible for the accident.7. I'm uneasy at/deeply troubled by the thought that life is just too comfortable.8. Women tend to live longer than men.Unit 10Translation1. We can go to the seven o'clock performance or theeight-whichever suits you best.2. Men are generally supposed to be strong, but most women know that the reverse is often true.3. He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence.4. You look equally nice in both dresses-I don't know which one to advise you to buy.5. This candidate has an impressively diverse range of interests and experience.6. The child suddenly let go of her hand and ran across the street.7. The result of the competition will depend largely on theopinions of the judges.8. I'm tired of you telling me what to do all the time。

Unit7Culture新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit7Culture新编⼤学英语第⼆版第⼆册课⽂翻译Unit 7 CultureBridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully[1] Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases that let you slip into a culture without all your foreignness exposed? Every Chinese-language textbook starts out with the standard phrase for greeting people; but as an American, I constantly found myself tongue-tied when it came to seeing guests off at the door. An abrupt goodbye would not do, yet that was all I had ever learned from these books. So I would smile and nod, bowing like a Japanese and trying to find words that would smooth over the visitors' leaving and make them feel they would be welcome to come again. In my fluster, I often hid behind my Chinese husband's graciousness.[2] Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations and sent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed.[3] Partings for the Chinese involve a certain amount of ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship. Although I'm not expected to observe or even know all the rules, as a foreigner, I've had to learn the expressions of politeness and protest that accompany a leave-taking.[4] The Chinese feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point—down a flight of stairs to the street below or perhaps all the way to the nearest bus stop. I've sometimes waited half an hour or more for my husband to return from seeinga guest off, since he's gone to the bus stop and waited for the next bus to arrive.[5] For a less import ant or perhaps a younger guest, he may simply say, “I won't see you off, all right?” And of course the guest assures him that he would never think of putting him to the trouble of seeing him off. “Don't see me off! Don't see meoff!”[6] That's all very well, but when I'm the guest being seen off, my protests are always useless, and my hostess or host, or both, insists on seeing me down the stairs and well on my way, with our going through the “Don't bother to see me off” ritual at every landing. If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfort of having to flee after me. Better to accept the inevitable.[7] Besides, that's going against Chinese custom, because haste is to be avoided. What do you say when you part from someone? “Go slowly.” Not farewell or Godspeed, but “Go slowly.” To the Chinese it means “Take care” or “Watch your step”or some other such caution, but translated literally it means “Go slow.”[8] That same “slow” is used in another polite express ion used by the host at the end of a particularly large and delicious meal to assure his guests what a poor and inadequatehost he has been.[9] American and Chinese cultures are at polar opposites. An American hostess, complimented for her cooking skills, is likely to say, “Oh, I'm so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking), who will instead apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes.[10] The same rules hold true with regard to children. American parents speak proudly of their children's accomplishments, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of their class in school, are always so “naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth.[11] The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; the Americans in “straightforwardness”. That modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer, and the American hosts takea “no” to mean “no”, whether it's the first, second, or third time.[12] Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to modify some proposal, and each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and definitely. My friend was angry because the Chinese had not taken their word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and wondered why the Americans had not studied up on cultural differences before coming to China. It would have saved them a lot of confusion and frustration in their negotiations.[13] Once you've learned the signals and how to respond, life becomes much easier. When guests come, I know I should immediately ask if they'd like a cup of tea. They will respond, “Please don't bother,” which is my signal to fetch tea.从容得体德跨越⽂化沟壑1 在外语学习中，学会⼀些简单的词组就能让你不知不觉地进⼊另⼀种⽂化，⽽丝毫不暴露你作为⼀个外国⼈的⾝份，但你为什么总是学不会呢？每本汉语课本都，⼀律从问候语开始的。

Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily Life新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily LifeIs There a Doctor in the Body?1 When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription. It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.2 A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or an empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?3 The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The "doctor" will heal the body for us if we let it.4 But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.5 Other people say this is not so. They say that the placebo makes the wish to get better become reality. The placebo will not work if the patient knows it is a placebo. This shows that the body is not fooled by it. It seems that if patients think they have been given medicine, they will have hope. They feel that they are getting some help. This gives them a stronger will to get better, and that is what helps to heal them.6 Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.7 An example of the doctor's role in making the placebo work can be seen in this study. Some patients with bleeding ulcers were put in two groups. The first group were told by a doctor that they had been given a new drug which, it was hoped, would give them some relief. The second group were told by a nurse that they had been given a newdrug but that not much was known about how it would work. As a result, 70 percent of the people in the first group got much better. Only 25 percent of the people in the second group got better. And both groups had in fact been given the same thing a placebo.8 The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases. It helps such things as seasickness, coughs, colds, and even pain after an operation. And there was an experiment done to see if a placebo could help old people stay healthy and live longer.9 The test was done in Romania with 150 people over the age of 60. They were put in three groups with 50 people in each group. The first group were given nothing at all. The second group were given a placebo. The third group were given a real drug and told that it would help with the problems of old age. (In fact, it was not a drug for old age at all.) The three groups were studied for many years. The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. The second group (with the placebo) had much better health and a lower death rate. The third group (with the real drug) showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.10 A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it.11 And yet, the use of the placebo has been well known for hundreds of years in other countries. Tribal doctors in some African countries have known for a long time that patients will get better if they think they are going to. Many of the "treatments" they use do not seem able to make a sick person better, and yet such treatments work.12 The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo.人体内有医生吗？1 当你去看病时，你总希望走时能拿到一张药方。

Unit 2 Communication Problems新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 2 Communication ProblemsSpeaking Different LanguagesJohn Gray[1] When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today. Because they recognized that they were different, they were able to solve these problems. One of the secrets of their success was good communication.[2] Ironically, they communicated well because they spoke different languages. When they had problems, they would just go to a translator for assistance. Everyone knew that people from Mars and people from Venus spoke different languages, so when there was a conflict they didn't start judging or fighting but instead pulled out their phrase dictionaries to understand each other more fully. If that didn't work they went to a translator for help.[3] You see, the Martian and Venusian languages had the same words but different meanings depending on the way they were used. Their expressions were similar, but they had different connotations or emotional emphasis. Misinterpreting each other was very easy. So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other. They experienced a trust and acceptance that we rarely experience today.[4] Even today we still need translators. Men and women seldom mean the same things even when they use the same words. For example, when a woman says, “I feel like you never listen,” she does not expect the word “never” to be tak en literally. Using the word “never” is just a way of expressing the frustration she is feeling at the moment. It is not to be taken as if it were factual information.[5] To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations. Men mistakenly take these expressions literally. Because they misunderstand the intended meaning, they commonly react in an unsupportive manner. In the following chart ten complaints easily misinterpreted are listed, as well as how a man might respond unsupportively.Ten Common Complaints That Are Easily MisinterpretedWomen say things like this: Men respond like this:“We never go out.” “That's not true. We went out last week.”“Everyone ignores me.” “I'm sure some people notice you.”“I am so tired, I can't do anything.” “If you don't like your job, then quit.”“I want to forget everything.” “I don't think there's anything to forget.”“The house is always a mess.” “It's not always a mess.”“No one listens to me anymore.” “But I'm listening to you right now.”“Nothing is working.” “Are you saying it is my fault?”“You don't love me anymore.” “Of course I do. That's why I'm here.”“We are always in a hurry.” “We are not. Friday we were relaxed.”“I want more romance.” “Are you saying I am not romantic?”[6] You can see how a “literal” translation of a woman's words could easily mislead a man who is used to using speech as a means of conveying only facts and information. You can also see how a man's responses might lead to an argument. Unclear and unloving communication is the biggest problem in relationships. The number one complaint women have in relationships is: “I don't feel heard.”[7] Even this complaint is misunderstood and misinterpreted![8] A man's literal translation of “I don't feel heard” leads him to take the woman's complaint lightly. He thinks he has heard her if he can repeat what she has said. A correct translation of a woman saying “I don't feel heard” is: “I feel as though you don't fully understand what I really mean to say or care about how I feel. Would you show me that you are interested in what I have to say?”[9] If a man really understood her complaint, then he would argue less and be able to respond more positively. When men and women are on the verge of arguing, they generally misunderstand each other. At such times, it is important to rethink or translate what they have heard.说着不同的语言1 当火星人和金星人最初相聚时，也遇到了我们目前存在的许多人际关系问题。

Unit-4-Psychology-in-Our-Daily-Life新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

(完整word版)Unit3BorntoWin新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 3 Born to WinBorn to WinYou cannot teach a man anything. You can only help him discover it within himself.— Galileo[1] Each human being is born as something unique , something that never existed before. Each person is born with what he needs to win at life. A normal person can see, hear, touch, taste, and think for himself. Each has his own unique potentials —his capabilities and limitations. Each can be an important, thinking, aware, and creatively productive person in his own right — a winner.[2] The words “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose. Instead a winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive , both as an individual and as a member of a society. A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely.[3] Few people are winners or losers all the time. It's a matter of degree . However, once a person has the capacity to be a winner, his chances are greater for becoming even more so…[4] Achievement is not the most important thing for winners; genuineness is. The genuine person realizes his own uniqueness and appreciates the uniqueness of others.[5] A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesn't pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions.[6] A winner is flexible . He does not have to respond in known, rigid ways. He can change his plans when the situation calls for it. A winner has a love for life. He enjoys work, play, food, other people, and the world of nature. Without guilt he enjoys his own accomplishments. Without envy he enjoys the accomplishments of others.[7] A winner cares about the world and its people. He is not separated from the general problems of society. He tries to improve the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international difficulty, he does not see himself as helpless . He does what he can to make the world a better place.[8] Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the change from dependence to independence . Losers do not. Somewhere along the line losers begin to avoid becoming independent . This usually begins in childhood. Poor nutrition , cruelty , unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care are among the manyexperiences that contribute to making people losers.[9] A loser is held back by his low capacity to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior. He may be unaware of other choices for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He repeats not only his own mistakes and often repeats those of his family and culture.[10] A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. He does not enter into close, honest, direct relationships with others. Instead, he tries to manipulate them into living up to his expectations and channels his energies into living up to their expectations.生而成功任何事都不可能由别人来教你，只能在别人的帮助下靠自己去发现。

Unit6Food新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译.pdf

Unit 6 FoodFood and Culture[1] We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideasabout what kinds of foods are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often thinkthe foods that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group became quite sick when he saw someone pick up a butterfly and eat it. Many people would find it disgusting to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as appropriate food.[2] Some people in Africa think African termites make a delicious meal. Many otherpeople would probably be sick if they had to eat termites, but one hundred grams of termites contain more than twice as many calories and almost twice as much protein asone hundred grams of cooked hamburger.[3] However, food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.[4] But dislike is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. Insome cultures, certain foods are taboo. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands that is used to describe something that is forbidden. Some foods are taboo in certain religions, but there are also other food taboos that are not connected to a religion.We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture. We may noteven know why they are taboo. Anthropologists try to discover the hidden reasons for taboos. For example, the sacred cows of India are well known. Cows can go wherever theywant to in the streets of India, and they can eat anything they want from the supplies ofthe foodsellers on the street. As a result, the cows are a problem. However, no one in India will kill them or eat them. It is taboo to do so. This custom seems strange to otherpeople, but anthropologists believe that there are reasons for it. First, cows are valuablebecause the farmers need them to help plow their fields. Second, cow manure is used as afertilizer on the fields. In India, many farmers cannot afford to spend money on fertilizer.Third, the cow manure can be dried and burned to make cooking fires. Therefore, farmersthat kill their cows for meat soon find that they cannot plow or fertilize their fields or make a cooking fire.[5] Another example is that Americans do not eat dogs, although people from someother cultures regard them as good food. In the United States, dogs are very important topeople as pets. They are usually regarded as part of the family, almost like a child in somecases. In addition, dogs have value as protection against criminals. Thieves will not usually enter a house where there is a dog because the dog will bark and possibly attack astranger who is trying to get into a house. Apparently, the dog's place in society as a companion and as protection against criminals makes the dog taboo as food.[6] The taboo against eating pork occurs in more than one culture. There is some evidence that some ancient Egyptians did not eat pork. The ancient Israelites also regarded pork as taboo. One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that pork that is notcooked sufficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis. However, most people no longer think that this is a good explanation for the pork taboo. Another explanation is that the Israelites were nomads—they were always moving from place to place. People have to stay in one place to raise pigs. The Israelites did not want to stay in one place because they did not want to change their culture. As a result, they did not eat pigs.[7] Anthropologists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the waysof life of different people. Some people live in areas where there are both large animalsand many insects. It is difficult for these people to kill large animals, and it requires a lotof energy. It is easier for them to use insects for food because it is not difficult to catchinsects and it does not require a lot of energy. Nomadic people who move around will notwant to keep pigs for food. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot ofbeef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.饮食与文化1 对于什么样的食物好吃，我们都有自己的主见。

Unit2CommunicationProblems新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译剖析

Unit1Love新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译分解

Unit1Love新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译分解Unit 1 Love A Good Heart to Lean On Augustus J. Bullock More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance. [1] When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on. [2] It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient—and because of that, we didn’t say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you. ” [3] Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was howhe got to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not. It was a matter of pride for him. [4] When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help. At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn , , on a child’s sleigh to the subway entrance. Once there, he would cling to the handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice-free. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home.[5] When I think of it now, I marvel at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress. And I marvel at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.[6] He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a “good heart”, and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him. [7] Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don’t know precisely what a “good heart” is. ButI know the times I don’t have one mysel f.[8] Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going. He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers play. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.[9] On one memorable occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. He wasn’t contentto sit and wat ch, but he couldn’t stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, “I’ll fight anyone who will sit down with me! I’ll fight anyone who will sit down with me! ” [10] Nobody did. But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive even before the bout began. [11] I now know he participated in some things vicariously through me, his only son. When I played ball (poorly), he “played” too. When I joined the Navy, he “joined” too. And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, “This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different. ” Those words were never said aloud. [12] He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to beseen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a “good heart”. [13] At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, “You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you.” 善良之心，久久相依当时我没有意识到，是爸爸帮我保持平衡奥古斯塔斯? J ? 布洛克1 随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。

新编大学英语第二版Book2 Unit1-4课文原文加翻译

新编大学英语第二版Book2 Unit1-4课文原文加翻译Unit 1 A Good Heart to Lean OnMore than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.[1] When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance , people would stare. I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.[2] It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient —and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you. ”[3] Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not. It was a matter of pride for him.[4] When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help. At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn , N.Y., on a child's sleigh to the subway entrance. Once there, he would cling to the handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice-free.In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home..[5] When I think of it now, I marvel at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress. And I marvel at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.[6] He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able . What he looked for in others was a “good heart”, and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.[7] Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people , even though I still don't know precisely what a “good heart” is. But I know the times I don't have one myself.[8] Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. When a local baseball team found itself without a manager , he kept it going. He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers play. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.[9] On one memorable occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving .He wasn't content to sit and watch, but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, “I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! ”[10] Nobody did. But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive even before the bout began.[11] I now know he participated in some things vicariously through me, his only son. When I played ball (poorly), he “played” too. When I joined the Navy, he “joined” too. And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, “This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different. ” Those wordswere never said aloud.[12] He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of anoth er's good fortune, when I don't have a “good heart”.[13] At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, “You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you.” ( 703 words)【译文】善良之心，久久相依1 随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。

新编大学英语1-2册课文翻译

新编大学英语（第二版）第一册阅读文参考译文Unit One课内阅读文参考译文以生命相赠1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。

在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。

2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。

3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。

救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。

他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。

如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。

4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。

快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。

5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。

孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。

接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。

6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。

此时小病人生命垂危。

然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。

过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。

7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。

“你叫什么名字？”8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。

9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。

在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。

10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。

11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。

12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。

医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。

13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。

他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴想竭力忍住哭泣。

Unit5Dreams新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 5 DreamsAre You a Dreamer?1 Dreams — why do we have them? Do they mean anything? Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true? Such questions have interested people for thousands of years. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep, but they still don't offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us.2 Everyone dreams—it's just that some of us can't remember doing so. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall asleep. We dream for most of the night, but we're only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This is when we dream. We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night, the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses.3 The main purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream—to review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and to get an unconscious view of ourselves, getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need.4 Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. And the frustrating dream in which you try to run but your legs won't move may be explained by bedding that is too tight. Anyone who sleeps through their alarm may well dream of doorbells or telephones ringing. All are simple examples of how the unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us.5 But such physiological explanations are not enough to tell us why we dream. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams.6 Some dreams reflect inner fears that are instantly recognizable. Dreaming of losing your job or house can reflect real fears, even if they are only subconscious. Most of us have dreamed that we had to take a final exam for a difficult course, which we had never taken, or in which we had done poorly.7 But what of the dreams that do not have such an obvious meaning? For centuries, both men and women have sought the answers in so-called dream dictionaries, possibly the oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. According to these dictionaries, a dreamabout drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predicted a long life.8 By AD 200, dream dictionaries had lost none of their popularity, and the ancient Greek Artemidorus wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (a good omen).9 Today, there are countless books offering dream interpretations in libraries and bookshops. They're as popular as ever with dream enthusiasts, but most experts warn that they should be read with care. Psychoanalyst and author Kenneth Saunders explains, "Dreams are closely tied up with an individual's mind and analysis is so open to mistakes or errors. I believe you can only discover the true meaning of a dream if you know the person who had the dream."你做梦吗？1 梦.我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见的事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来这些问题一直让人们感兴趣。

Unit 10 Emotions and Health新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 10 Emotions and HealthThe Secrets of Good Health[1] Exercise. Eat right. Don't smoke. These are some of the most words of advice to people who wish to stay healthy. But a growing amount of scientific research shows that there is another, equally important, aspect to staying well, peace of mind. Exercise. Eat right. Don't smoke. These are some of the most common words of advice to people who wish to stay healthy. But a growing amount of scientific research shows that there is another, equally important, aspect to staying well, peace of mind.[2] Think about how your heart races while you are waiting to be called into the doctor's office or how unhappy a bad headache can make you. There is a two-way connection between mind and body. When one is bothered, the other feels it. At the heart of the communications network are brain chemicals called neurotransmitters which communicate messages not only within the brain, but also within the body. One key receptor, the immune system, is a network of cells and organs that work to fight off viruses and bacteria. When you experience joy, fear, or relaxation, the immune system may increase or decrease production of disease-fighting cells, thus helping or hindering you in fighting diseases such as the flu, or even some cancer.[3] By now, how the immune system is affected by stress has been well documented. In one study involving newlywed couples, for example, those who showed hostile behavior during a 30-minute discussion about marriage problems had lower immune functioning for the 24-hour period following the experiment than people who showed less negative behavior. It is not just stress that can do damage. One researcher thought that if the same cold virus was put under two different noses, the person who is depressed or anxious or pessimistic would be more likely to develop the cold.[4] What is it about stress and related emotions that can encourage poor health? These feelings can cause the production of substances that damage or weaken our immune cells. Negative emotions can also cause our bodies to produce fewer immuno-transmitters which ultimately help fight off disease.[5] If stress, depression, anger and other negative feelings can make you more likely to get sick, can the reverse be true? Will you have a stronger immune response and greater health if you are happier, less stressed, and more optimistic? Experts believe that the answer is yes. There are studies showing that by employing certain mind-body techniques that help reduce stress and improve outlook, cancer patients can live longer. But cancer patients aren't the only ones who can benefit. Certain mind-body techniques can help all of us.[6] Research has found that when patients with chronic pain used relaxation therapies and other behavioral techniques to manage discomfort, they reduced their visits to the doctor by 36 percent. Relaxation produces better health through deep, rhythmic breathing, muscle loosening, and a slower heart rate. When some of the tension is taken out of the body, the strain is taken off the entire system. Relaxation decreases blood pressure, heart rate and respiration and increases one's sense of well-being. That is important because a body that is constantly tense will eventually give out.[7] There are dozens of mind-body techniques for you to choose from. The key is to find one you're comfortable with and then do it regularly. Simply writing about negative, unpleasant events may actually boost your immunity according to researchers. Scientists are not completely sure why it works but they know that when individuals write, it helps them organize events, which in turn gives them more understanding of the situation. When you can give a stressful experience meaning through writing, you don't think about it or worry about it as much. And when you reduce stress, you boost immune functioning. How much you write or how long you write depends upon how much stress you feel about the event. One doctor suggests that people write until they are tired of writing and then read over what they have written. This helps make more sense of it. Also, just talking about a stressful experience with a friend can have the same positive effect.[8] Study after study has shown that people with good support systems—caring, helpful family, friends and co-workers—have better health. Researchers think that the understanding we get from them reduces stress, which in turn helps the immune system. As one psychologist states, “When you have someone who loves you and cares about you to share your problems and feel ings with, you don’t feel you have to fight your problems, or the world, alone.” Another interesting study has shown that the more diverse your social network, the better, that people who have a number of different social relationships have a lower risk of getting colds than those with fewer.[9] There are other fast but effective mind-body relaxation techniques. One could be called “belly breathing”. Sit in a comfortable chair in a quiet room. Close your eyes. Breathe through your nose, fill your belly with air, then slowly release the breath through your mouth. Another technique could be called “mindfulness”. Take a slow walk and be aware of exactly what is happening to you at each moment—whether the wind is on your face, an insect is flying near you, or you hear birds singing. Even if you continue thinking about problems, you will become calmer and distance yourself from your problems. If you are at home, you might dance. Put on some fast music, close the door, and let yourself go. The dancing will energize you and that alone will make you feel better.[10] Whichever mind-body techniques work best for you, never rely on them and them alone to keep you mentally and physically well. Like exercise, good nutrition and proper medical care, methods such as relaxation therapies are only one part of the recipe for good health. Still, they are an important ingredient.健康的秘诀1 锻炼身体，饮食适当，不吸烟。

Unit 8 Money新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 8 MoneyTime Spent Agonizing over Money[1] Within hours of a recent major stock market drop, I telephoned my Ford dealer and ordered the station wagon that I test-drove the day before. As my friends not so subtly pointed out, the Dow Jones Industrial Average didn't have much to do with my financial situation and shouldn't affect my purchase. Besides, my old car had caused me headaches for months.[2] Still, I spent the evening asking myself: Could I afford a new car? Should I be saving instead of spending? Would we need to cut back on vacations?[3] On the list of items people worry about, money is almost always at the top.[4] A study in the Wall Street Journal found that 70 percent of the public lives from paycheck to paycheck. Mortgage debt has increased 300 percent since 1975, and consumer bankruptcies are at an all-time high. Most marriages that fail list financial problems as a contributing factor.[5] When the Dow fell 554 points last October, millions of people lost billions of dollars, on paper anyway. There was expert anxiety on Wall Street and old-fashioned worry on Main Street. Our reaction confirmed what we already knew: We are a people consumed by financial stress.*A “Raw Material”[6] As the Bible tells us, worrying about money—or anything else for that matter—won't do us any good. “Who of you by worrying can add a single hour to his life?” Jesus asked. “And why do you worry about clothes? See how the lilies of the field grow? They do not labor or spin.”[7] In my heart, I aspire to be like those lilies. But in my head, I feel a need to hoard.[8] It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress, or who can spend money on others as easily as he spends it on himself.[9] Thomas Edison was one of that rare breed. Had the great inventor stored his money, he would have died a wealthy man. His first successful invention netted him $40,000, a huge sum in 1869. During his lifetime, he patented 1,093 inventions, yet he departed the world penniless.[10] Years later, his son C harles recalled his father's approach to money: “He considered it a raw material, like metal, to be used rather than amassed, and so he kept plowing his funds back into new objects. Several times he was all but bankrupt. But he refused to let dollar signs govern his actions.”[11] John Wesley was the same. The founder of Methodism had the highest earnedincome in 18th century England, but he gave it all away. His philosophy about money was simple: “Earn all you can, save all you can, give all you can.”*Root of Evil?[12] Money may not be the root of all evil, but if it keeps us up at night, it has become way too important in our lives.[13] That was the lesson of Leo Tolstoy's tale “Elias”, which told of a rich farm couple who lost all their money and were forced to take jobs as servants.[14] A guest one day asked the wife if she was miserable being poor, especially in light of the great wealth she had once enjoyed. The woman's answer—that she was happier than ever before—surprised the visitor.[15] “W hen we were rich, my husband and I had so many cares that we had no time to talk to one another, or to think of our souls, or to pray to God,” the wife explained. “We lay awake at night worrying, lest the ewes should lie on their lambs, and we got up again and again to see that all was well... Now, when my husband and I wake in the morning, we always greet each other in love and harmony. We live peacefully, having nothing to worry about.”[16] For most of us, financial security is an elusive goal. No matter how much we have, it's not enough. Kahlil Gibran put it this way: “The fear of need, when the pantry is full, is the thirst that can not be satisfied.”[17] When the stock market falls, we can panic, hoard, and worry if we have enough. Or we can take a deep breath and remember: Money is merely a raw material to be plowed back into something else.把时间花在为钱苦恼上1 最近一次股市大跌后的几个小时内，我就打电话给我的福特汽车商，订购了我前一天试开过的旅行车。