自动化专业英语考试整理版汇编
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语Introduction:Automation has become an integral part of various industries, including manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare. As a result, it is crucial for professionals in the field of automation to have a strong command of English, as it is the lingua franca of the global business world. This text aims to provide a comprehensive overview of key terms, concepts, and skills related to automation in the English language.1. Basic Terminology:1.1 Automation: The use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention.1.2 Control System: A system that manages and regulates the operation of automation equipment.1.3 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.1.4 Human-Machine Interface (HMI): A device or software that allows interaction between humans and automation systems.1.5 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A system that collects and analyzes real-time data from various sensors and devices.2. Automation Systems:2.1 Industrial Automation: The application of automation technology in manufacturing processes to improve productivity and efficiency.2.2 Robotic Automation: The use of robots to perform repetitive tasks in industries such as automotive assembly and packaging.2.3 Process Automation: The automation of chemical, oil, and gas processes to enhance safety and accuracy.2.4 Home Automation: The integration of technology to control and monitor household devices and systems.3. Automation Techniques:3.1 Sensor Technology: Devices that detect and measure physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and proximity.3.2 Actuators: Devices that convert electrical signals into mechanical motion, such as motors and solenoids.3.3 Feedback Control: A control technique that uses sensors to measure the output ofa system and adjust it accordingly.3.4 Artificial Intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in machines to perform tasks autonomously.3.5 Machine Learning: A subset of AI that enables machines to learn from data and improve their performance without explicit programming.4. Industrial Applications:4.1 Automotive Industry: Automation is extensively used in car manufacturing, including assembly line robots and quality control systems.4.2 Pharmaceutical Industry: Automation ensures precise dosage and packaging in pharmaceutical production.4.3 Food and Beverage Industry: Automation optimizes food processing, packaging, and quality control processes.4.4 Energy Sector: Automation is crucial in power plant operations, grid management, and renewable energy systems.4.5 Healthcare Industry: Automation is utilized in medical imaging, patient monitoring, and laboratory analysis.5. Skills for Automation Professionals:5.1 Programming: Proficiency in programming languages such as C++, Python, and ladder logic for PLC programming.5.2 Data Analysis: Ability to analyze and interpret data collected from automation systems using statistical methods and software tools.5.3 Troubleshooting: Expertise in identifying and resolving issues in automation systems, including hardware and software components.5.4 Project Management: Skills to plan, execute, and monitor automation projects, ensuring timely completion and adherence to budget.5.5 Communication: Effective communication skills to collaborate with cross-functional teams and articulate technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders.Conclusion:Automation plays a pivotal role in today's industries, and proficiency in English is essential for professionals in the field. This text has provided a comprehensive overview of key terms, concepts, and skills related to automation in the English language. By mastering these aspects, automation professionals can enhance their communication, expand their knowledge, and contribute to the advancement of automation technology.。
自动化专业英语词汇总结+汉译英
nonlinear control system
非线性控制系统
offset
偏移量、静差
open loop control
开环控制
optimal control
最优控制
orifice-plate flowmeter
孔板流量计
overshoot
超调
panel
仪表盘
pattern recognition
热电偶
threshold
阈值
time delay system
时滞系统
time-series model
时间序列模型
time-invariant system, time-varying system
定常系统/时变系统
transient process, transient response
过渡过程
热电阻Thermocouple热电偶
reverse action (direct action)
反作用，正direct action
robust control
鲁棒控制
root locus
根轨迹
sampling holder
采样保持器
saturation characteristics
饱和特性
sensor, transducer
判据
criterion
拉氏变换
laplace transform
零点
zero-point
极点
pole-point
特征方程
characteristic equation
系数
coefficient
偏差变量
deviation variable
自动化专业英语试卷及答案
自动化专业英语试卷及答案第一篇：自动化专业英语试卷及答案2008年秋冬学期研究生专业英语期末考试试卷参考答案1.Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese ① Metric度量收敛方差随机等价动态方程判据、评价标准测量模型偏微分方程在概率意义上，依概率② Convergence③ Covariance④ Stochastic⑤ Equivalence⑥ Dynamic equation⑦ Criteria⑧ Measurement Model⑨ Partial derivative equation⑩ In the sense of probability2.Explain the following symbols in English① '' bmthe second order derivative ofb sub m, bdouble prime sub m②③④ A⇔BA is equivalent toapproaches aB xi→axi y∂y∂xxthe partial derivative ofwith respective toa⑤ ⎰b⑥ a‖b⑦⑧ 3=ffintegral between limits b to a a is parallel to the cube root of set aAbXaaA⊆X is contained in b d⑨ (a+b-c⨯d)÷edivided by ⑩ e plusminus c multiplied , allequals ∀ε,∃N,s.t ai→a as i→∞for any special ε, there is a respected N,such that aiapproachesaas i approaches∞二、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese Paragraph A[8 Points]A subsetd(x,y)<MA⊆Xis said to be bounded if there existsx,y∈AM∈Rsuch thatfor all.The diameter of A is defined to besup{d(x,y)x,y∈A}.A bounded metric space is one for which X itself is bounded.Bounded intervals in R are bounded sets.A discrete metric space is bounded(take译文：一个子集Ad(x,y)<MM=1).⊆X被称为是有界的，如果存在Mx,y∈A∈R使得对所有x,y∈A有。
自动化专业英语复习资料
Translate the following sentences into Chinese。
(2)Although current and voltage are the two basic variables in an electric circuit，they are not sufficient by themselves。
For practical purposes，we need to know how muchpower an electric device can handle。
虽然电流和电压是电路中的两个基本变量，但是它们本身是不足够的。
出于实用的目的，我们需要知道电气设备可以处理多大的功率。
(3)In any linear circuit containing multiple independent sources，the current or voltage at any point in the network may be calculated as the algebraic sum of the individual contributions of each source acting alone。
任一含有多个独立电源的线性电路，某处电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处分别产生的电压或电流的叠加。
(5)Since an 8-bit code can represent 256 segments，its codes for the same analogvalue are shown with the maximum analog signal of 1.5V equal to 255 。
Notice thatthe 8-bit code is two groups of 4-bit codes，which are also expressed inhexadecimal form。
自动化专业英语练习
自动化专业英语练习一、过去分词短语做后置定语练习1、A system characterized by the relation y=x2is not linear.2、Practically all PID controllers made today are based on microprocessors.3、The basic control system concept may be the simple block diagram shown inFig 1.4、A general structure of a closed-loop control system is given in Fig.1.5、The manipulated variable is the variable used to maintain the controlledvariable at its set point.6、This is a simple unity feedback system and is the standard block diagram usedto illustrate the basic concepts of control theory.7、In Figure.1.1, the sensor and the actuator are considered part of the blocklabeled “Process”.8、In the simplest situation, one controls a single plant variable, called the output,by means of adjustments to a single plant input.9、For instance, amplifiers used in control system often exhibit saturationeffect(饱和效应) when their input signals become large.10、M uch of this work was presented at the first conference of the newly formedInternational Federation of Automatic Control held in Moscow in 1960.二、介词短语做后置定语练习1、A mathematical model of a control system is essential.2、An open-loop system is a system without feedback.3、The input-output relationship in the Laplace domain is called the transferfunction.4、Because the systems under consideration are dynamic in nature, the descriptiveequations are usually differential equations.5、What is missing in the open-loop control system for more accurate and moreadaptable control is a link of feedback from the output to the input of the system.6、A system with one or more feedback paths is called a closed-loop system.7、Often the difference between the output of the system and the reference input is amplified and used to control the system so that the difference is continually r educed.8、According to this rule the blocks in parallel connection can be combined intoone block and the overall transfer function is then the sum of the individual block transfer function.9、The mathematical model describes the relationship between the input and theoutput of the system.10、In the present study, attention is confined to those systems for which theinput-output relationship is described by ordinary liner differential equations with constant coefficients.三、现在分词短语做后置定语练习1、A plant is a piece of equipment, perhaps just a set of machine parts functioningtogether, the purpose of which is to perform a particular operation.2、Diagrams representing these two basic strategies of control are shown in fig.1.3、The term mathematical model means the mathematical representationsdescribing the relationships among the variables of a system.4、Stability depends on the roots of the characteristic equation having negativereal parts.5、The transfer function description does not include an information concerningthe internal structure of the system.6、By using the physical laws describing the linear system, we can obtain a set oflinear differential equations.7、These signal processing tasks are implemented through the use of appropriatehardware called the controller.8、A control system is an organized collection of interacting units designed toachieve some specified objectives by manipulation and control of materials, energy, and information.9、Following transfer functions defined in the feedback control systems are veryuseful in our study.10、The transfer function of a system (or element)representsthe relationshipdescribing the dynamic of the system under consideration.四、其它形式的后置定语1、不定式做后置定语(1)In a radar tracking system, the position and speed of the target to be trackedmay vary in an unpredictable manner.(2)Measurement of the variable to be controlled is usually done by thecombination of sensor and transmitter.(3)The engineer designing a control system must be sure that the action takenaffects the variable to be controlled, that is, the action taken affects the measured value.2、形容词短语做后置定语(1)In order to obtain more accurate control, the controlled signal must be fed backand compared with the reference input, and an actuating signal proportional to the difference of the output and the input must be sent though the system to correct the error.3、定语从句做后置定语(1)Every feedback control system consists of components that perform specificfunctions.(2)There are many situations where several variables are to be controlledsimultaneously by a number of inputs.(3)When a system does not have the feedback structure, it is called an open-loopsystem, which is the simplest and most economical type ofthe control system.(4)An open-loop system is a system whose input u(t) does not depend on the output y(t)(5)Another approach to control systems design was introduced in 1948 byW.R.Evans, who was working in the field of guidance and control of aircraft.(6)Open loop refers to the condition in which the controller is disconnected fromthe process.(7)An automatic regulating system in which the output is a variable such astemperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, or pH is called a process control system.。
自动化专业英语
P2U1A The World of Control 生词与短语regulate v. 调整abound v. 大量存在aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的power boost 功率助推装置damp v. 阻尼，减幅，衰减yaw n. 偏航altitude n. 海拔attitude n. 姿态intuition n. 直觉trail-and-error n. 试凑法dynamic response 动态响应disturbance n. 扰动parameter n. 参数modification n. 修正，修改transfer function 传递函数domain n. 域，领域advent n. 出现state variable 状态变量matrix algebra 矩阵代数approach n. 途径，方法；研究proponent n. 提倡者detractor n. 批评者tutorial adj. 指导性的subsequent adj. 后序的open-loop n. 开环closed-loop n. 闭环discrete adj. 离散的differential equation 微分方程difference equation 差分方程interval n. 间隔sampled-data n. 采样数据nonlinear adj. 非线性的time-invariant adj. 时不变的coefficient n. 系数stationary adj. 静态的lumped parameter 集中参数distributed parameter 分散参数spatial adj. 空间的spring n. 弹簧lead n. 导线resistance n. 阻抗uniform adj. 一致的elastic adj. 有弹性的ordinary differential equation 常微分方程partial differential equation 偏微分方程deterministic adj. 确定的stochastic adj. 随机的predictable adj. 可断定的probability theory 概率论multivariable n. 多变量configuration n. 构造，结构property n. 性质model n. 模型v. 建模linearization n. 线性化strategy n. 方法performance criteria 性能指标hardware n. 硬件development system 开发系统rationale n. 理论，原理的阐述难句翻译1] The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly damped Dutch roll mode without a yaw damper system.飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航系统，飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向方式来驾驶飞机。
自动化专业英语作业英文。
Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers直流驱动的闭环控制A basic scheme of the closed-loop speed control system employing current limit control, also known as parallel current control, is shown in Fig. 1-5B-1. ω* sets the speed reference. A signal proportional to the motor speed is obtained from the speed sensor. The speed sensor output is filtered to remove the AC ripple and compared with the speed reference.The speed error is processed through a speed controller. The output of the speed controller u c adjusts the rectifier firing angleαto make the actual speed close to the reference speed. The speed controller is usually a PI (proportional and integral) controller and serves three purposes—stabilizes the drive and adjusts the damping ratio at the desired value, makes the steady-state speed-error close to zero by integral action, and filters out noise again due to the integral action. The drive employs current limit control, the purpose of which is to prevent the current from exceeding safe values. As long as IA<Ix, where, Ix is the maximum permission value of IA, the current control loop does not affect the drive operation. If IA exceeds Ix, even by a small amount, a large output signal is produced by the threshold circuit, the current control, and the speed error iscorrected essential at a constant current equal to the maximum permission value.When the speed reaches close to the desired value, IA falls below IX, the current control goes out of action and speed controlled takes over. Thus in this scheme, at any given time the operation of the drive is mainly controlled either by the speed control loop or the current control loop, and hence it is also called parallel current control.Another scheme of closed-loop speed control is shown in Fig.1-5B-2. It employs an inner current control loop within an outer speed loop. The output of the current controller uc adjusts the converter firing angle such that the actual speed is brought to a value set by the speed commendωm*.Any positive speed error, cause by either an increase in the load torque, produces a higher current reference I a*. The motor accelerates due to an increase in I a, to correct the speed error and finally settles at a new I a* which makes the motor torque equal to the load torque and the speed error closed to zero.For any large positive speed error, the current limiter saturates and the current reference I a* is limited to a value I am*, and the drive current is not allowed to exceed the maximum permission value. The speed error is corrected at the maximum permissible armaturecurrent until the speed error becomes small and the current limiter comes out of saturation. Now the speed error is corrected with IA less than the permissible value.A negative speed error will set the current reference IA at a negative value. Since the motor current cannot reverse, a negative IA is of no use. It will however “charge” the PI controller. When the speed error becomes positive the “charged” PI controller will take a longer time to respond, causing unnecessary delay in the control action. The current limiter is therefore arranged to set a zero-current reference for negative speed errors.Since the speed control loop and the current control loop are in cascade, the inner current control is also known as cascade control. It is also called current guided control. It is more commonly used than the current-limit control because of the following advantages: 1.It provides faster response to any supply voltage disturbance.This can be explain by considering the response of two drives toa decrease in the supply voltage. A decrease in the supplyvoltage reduces the motor current and torque. In the current-limit control, the speed falls because the motor torque is less than the load torque that has not changed. The resulting speed error is brought to the original value by setting the rectifier firing angle at a lower value. In the case of inner currentcontrol, the decrease in motor current, due to the decrease in the supply voltage, produces a current error which changes the rectifier firing angle to bring the armature current back to the original value. The transient response is now governed by the electrical time constant of the motor. Since the electrical time constant of a drive is much smaller compared to the mechanical time constant, the inner current control provides a faster response to the supply voltage disturbance.2.For certain firing schemes, the rectifier and the control circuittogether have a constant gain under continuous of 5 percent.Under discontinuous conduction, the gain reduces. The higher the reduction is in the conduction angel, the greater the reduction is in the gain. The drive response becomes sluggish in discontinuous conduction and progressively deteriorates as the conduction angle reduces. If an attempt is made to design the drive for discontinuous conduction current control loop providesa closed loop around the rectifier and the control circuit, andtransient response of the drive with the inner current loop is superior to that with the current-limit control.3.In the current-limit control, the current must first exceed thepermissible value before the current-limit action can be initiated.Since the firing angle can be changed only at discrete intervals,substantial current overshoot can occur before the current limiting becomes effective.Small motors are more tolerant to high transient current. Therefore, to obtain a fast transient response is then needed only for abnormal values of current. In such cases because of the simplicity, current-limit control is employed.Both the schemes have different responses for the increase and decrease in the speed command. A decrease in speed command at the most can make the motor torque zero; it cannot be reversed as braking is not possible. The drive decelerates mainly due to the load torque. When load torque is low, the response to a decrease in the speed command will be slow. These drives are therefore suitable for application with large load torque, such as paper and printing machines, pumps, and blowers.。
最新自动化专业英语考试整理版
翻译P.1The voltage across a pure inductor is defined by Faraday’law,which states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.thus we have U=Ldi/dt.纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。
因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中di/dt = 电流变化率，安培/秒；L = 感应系数，享利。
P.3A three-phase electric circuit is energized by three alternating emfs of the same frequency and differing in time phase by 120 electrical degrees .三相电压的产生三相电路可由三个频率相同在时间相位上相差120°电角度的电动势供电。
P.9One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains,AU or AI ,depend upon internal properties of two-port system( ).This makes design difficult since these parameters usually vary from device to device ,as well as temperature .运算放大器像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在的一个问题就是它们的增益AU或AI取决于双端口系统(m、b、RI、Ro等)的内部特性。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语总结复习资料
1.目前，煤仍然是凝汽式电厂最长用的能源。
At present coal is the most common food of a steam power plant.2.为防止人畜触电，高压电一般采用架空线输送。
High voltage current is usually carried by overhead wire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted.3.这座由电子计算机控制的核电站将向全市供电。
This nuclear power plant which is computer-controlled will serve the entire city.4.电学与电子学实际上是唯一难以分开的，二者相互渗透，相互联系。
Electricity and electronics are really indivisible, each forming part of the other.5.元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。
The major contributors in component technology have been in theso semiconductor components.6.电压，电流和电阻这三个因素是相互关联的。
The factors, voltage, current and resistance , are related to each other .7.电动机与发电机就是以磁和电这二者之间的关系为根底的Based upon the relationship between magnetism and electricity are motors andgenerators 8，随着电气工程学的开展，电力能被输送到非常遥远的地方去。
With the development of electrical engineering , power can be transmitted over long distance.9每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变成另一种形式。
(完整word版)自动化专业英语考试题与复习
Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(40分)1. Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations．(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
每题1分，共10分)2. Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese．(写出下列词组的汉语。
每题1分，共10分，)3. Translate the following words and expressions into English．(写出下列词组的英语。
每题2分，共20分)Ⅱ．Comprehension(阅读理解)(10分)4. Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage.(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误。
10分)Ⅲ. Translation．翻译(50分)5. Translate the following sentences into Chinese．(将下列句子翻译成汉语。
共15分)6. Translate the following sentences into English．(将下列句子翻译成英语。
共15分)7. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(将下段文章翻译成汉/英语.共10/20分) abbreviation1. 半导体可控整流器，可控硅semiconductor controlled rectifier(SCR)2. 比例积分微分控制器，PID 控制器proportional plus integral plus derivative controller3. 不间断电源uninterruptible power supply(UPS)4. 场效应晶体管field effect transistor(FET)5. 多输入多输出控制系统multiple input multiple output control system(MIMO)6. 单输入单输出控制系统single input single output control system(SISO)7. 电流源逆变器current-source inverters(CSI)8. 电压源逆变器voltage-source inverters(VSI)9. 短期记忆short term memory(SIM)10. 方法库way base(WB)11. 方法库管理系统way base management system (WBMS)12. 光符阅读机（OCR）optical character reader13. 集成电路芯片IC(integrated circuit) chip14. 交流电alternating current(AC)15. 可编程控制PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)16. 脉宽调制pluse-width modulation (PWM)17. 气关式air-to-close（AC）18. 气开式air-to-open（AO）19. 人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)20. 直接数字控制，direct digital control (DDC)21. 运算放大器operational Amplifier (OA)Vocabulary-11. Automatic control 自动控制2. Dynamic system 动态系统3. Differential equation 微分方程4. Frequency response methods 频率响应方法5. Root-locus methods 根轨迹的方法6. Feedback control system 反馈控制系统7. Optimal control 最优控制Vocabulary-21. Forcing function2. Mathematical model3. First-order differential equation4. Transient- response analysis5. Frequency- response analysis6. Ordinary differential equation7. Partial differential equation8. The principle of superposition9. Linear time-invariant /time-varying system10. Nonlinear systemVocabulary-31. Control action2. Two-position or on off controllers3. Actuating error signal4. Closed-loop system5. Reference input signal6. Self-operated controllers7. Set point8. Flow rate9. Actuating element10. Differential gapVocabulary-41. Laplace transform2. rate control 速率控制，微分控制3. Reset rate 复位率4. transient period 过渡周期5. feedback path 反馈通道6. second-order 二阶的7. block diagram 方块图8. load disturbance 负荷（负载）扰动9. negative feedback 负反馈10. Fundamental principle 基本原则Vocabulary-51. scompensation technique 补偿技术、校正方法2. Performance specification 性能规范3. time-domain performance measures 时域性能指标4. Rise/settling time 上升/调整时间5. phase/ gain margin相位/增益裕度6. trial-and-error approach 逐次逼近法7. Adjust parameter setting 调整参数设置8. steady-state behavior 稳态特性9. series compensation and feedback(or parallel) compensation串联校正和反馈(并联)校正10. lag-lead compensator 滞后/超前校正装置基于GPS/GPRS 的公交车自动报站系统设计•摘要：结合GPS定位，对车辆的状态信息（位置、速度等）进行实时采集及分析，当车辆到达预定位置时，实现公交车的自动报站功能；通过GPRS网络，将公交车的状态信息及时传输到公交监控调度中心，然后通过中心上位机软件的操作，实现对公交车的监控调度、信息更新的功能.采用SD卡存储多条线路信息及MP3语音文件，便于公交车更换公交线路，同时实现高品质语音信息的播放.•关键词：自动报站；GPS；GPRS；信息更新；监控调度•Design of GPS/GPRS bus stop automatic announcerDesign of Automatic Station Report System for Bus Based on GPS/•Abstract: Combining GPS positioning technology, the bus status (information location, speed, etc.) in real-time are collected and analyzed. When the bus is scheduled to arrive at the location, the automatic station report functions is realized. Through the GPRS network, necessary bus status information should be transmitted to the bus monitor dispatching center timely, and then through the center of the operation of PC software, to achieve the function of the monitoring, scheduling and updating information. SD card is used to memorize the information of a number of lines and MP3 audio files, it is facilitated to replace bus lines , and at the same time high-quality voice information play is realized. •Keywords: automatic station report; GPS; GPRS; information updating; monitoring; dispatching基于μPD78F0034单片机的出租车计费器的设计与实现•摘要:介绍了基于μPD78F0034单片机和模块式结构的出租车计费器的软件和硬件设计方法,讨论了μPD78F0034单片机的主要特点;介绍了该单片机和PC机串行通信的硬件连接方法;同时给出了采用单双信号防作弊技术来防止计费器作弊的具体实现方法。
(完整word版)自动化专业英语考试整理版
翻译P.1The voltage across a pure inductor is defined by Faraday’law,which states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.thus we have U=Ldi/dt.纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两头的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。
所以可获取：U=Ldi/dt式中di/dt = 电流变化率，安培/秒；L =感觉系数，享利。
P.3A three-phase electric circuit is energized by three alternating emfs of the same frequency and differing in time phase by 120 electrical degrees .三相电压的产生三相电路可由三个频次同样在时间相位上相差120°电角度的电动势供电。
P.9One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains,AU or AI ,depend upon internal properties of two-port system( ).This makes design difficult since these parameters usually vary from device to device ,as well as temperature .运算放大器像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在的一个问题就是它们的增益 AU 或 AI 取决于双端口系统 (m、b、RI、Ro 等)的内部特征。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语期末复习资料整理(单词)
circuit components 电路元件the dielectric 电解质circuit parameters 电路参数storage battery 蓄电池electrical device 电气设备wire导线electric energy 电能 e.m.f.=electromotive force 电动势energy source 电源unidirectional current 单方向电流primary cell 原生电池circuit diagram 电路图secondary cell 再生电池load characteristic 负载特性energy converter 电能转换器terminal voltage 端电压conductor 导体external characteristic 外特性generator 发电机load resistance 负载电阻heating appliance电热器voltage drop 电压降direct-current （D.C.）circuit 直流电路conductance电导magnetic and electric field 电磁场volt-ampere characteristic 伏-安特性time-invariant时不变的metal-filament lamp 金属丝灯泡self-（or mutual-）induction 自（互）感carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡displacement current位移电流non-linear characteristic非线性特性part 1-unit 2ideal source理想电源ideal current source 理想电流源series and parallel equivalent circuit串并联等值电路active circuit elements 有源电路元件internal resistance 内阻passive circuit elements 无源电路元件sending end 发送端power transmission line 输电线double subscript 双下标receiving end 接收端ideal voltage source理想电压源lackage current漏电流part 1-unit 3Ohm’s law 欧姆定律active branch有源支路circuit branch 支路positive reference direction 正（参考）方向reference point 参考点potential distribution电位分布passive element 无源元件single-loop network （circuit ）单回路网络（电路）complex circuit 复杂电路 D.C. machine直流电机P.D.=potential drop电压降part 1-unit 4r.m.s values=root of mean sguare 均方根complex number 复数effective values 有效值Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标系steady direct current 恒稳直流电counter-clockwise 逆时针方向sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数vector diagrams 矢量图clockwise顺时针方向complex plane复平面trigonometric transformations 三角转换vector of voltages （currents ，magnetic ，fluxes ）电压（电流，磁通等）矢量Argand 阿尔冈，法国数学家analytical solution 解析法absolute value 绝对值Argand diagram 阿尔冈图modulus复数模origin of coordinates 坐标原点complex time function 复数的幅值rotating vector 旋转矢量real part 复数实部instantaneous values 瞬时值imaginary part复数虚部epoch angle初相角301&302吐血整理男生版专业英语单词part 1-unit 1complex-number method=method复数法phase displacement相位差of complex numbersvector矢量constant angular velocity恒定角速度Part 1-unit 5small signal amplifier小信号放大器isolation隔离。
自动化专业英语考试答案
单词：20分，10个二。
句子翻译：40分，8题1:P2A common method of analyzing an electrical network is mesh or loop analysis.The fundamental law that is applied in this method is Kirchhoff's first law,which states that the algebraic sun of thevoltages around a closed loop is0,or,in any closed loop,the sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of the voltage drops.Mesh analysis consists of assuming that currents~termed loopcurrents~flow in each loop of a network,algebraically summing the voltage drops around each loop,and setting each sum equal to0.分析电网络的一般方法是网孔分析法或回路分析法。
应用于此方法的基本定律是基尔霍夫第一定律，基尔霍夫第一定律指出：一个闭合回路中的电压代数和为0，换句话说，任一闭合回路中的电压升等于电压降。
网孔分析指的是：假设有一个电流——即所谓的回路电流——流过电路中的每一个回路，求每一个回路电压降的代数和，并令其为零。
2: P17Alternatively,suppose that there had been attached to each pilot’s seat an electronic device that pr ovided an output voltage which is V1when the seat is occupied and V2when the seat is not occup ied.Let us attach the designation“true”to the voltage level V2so that the level V1is“false”.Let us further construct an electric circuit with two sets of input terminals and one set of output termi nals.The circuit is to have the property that the output voltage will be V2if and only if both inputs ,i.e.,one input AND simultaneously the other,are at the level V2.Otherwise the output is V1 Finally let us connect the inputs to the devices on the chairs of pilots A and B and arrange that an alarm bell,connected to the output Z,respond when the output is V2(“true”)and not otherwise. We have then constructed a circuit which performs the AND operation and is capable of making the logical deduction that the plane is unpiloted when,indeed,both pilots leave the cockpit换句话说，假设每一位飞行员座位下面有一个电子装置，当座位上有人时，其输出电压为V1，当座位上无人时，其输出电压为V2。
15544+自动化专业英语(习题参考解答)
自动化专业英语姜书艳主编张昌华徐心皓何芳编著习题参考解答Unit 1A. Basic laws of Electrical Networks[EX.1] Comprehension1. KCL:The algebraic sum of the currents entering any node is zero.KVL:The algebraic sum of the voltage around any closed path is zero.2. Node: A point at which two or more elements have a common connection is calleda node.Branches: a single path in a network composed of one simple element and the node at each end of that element.Path: If no node was encountered more than once, then the set of nodes and elements that we have passed through is defined as a path.Loop: If the node at which we started is the same as the node on which we ended, then the path is, by definition, a closed path or a loop. a path is a particular collection of branches.3. 4, 5, We can form a path but not a loop.4. v R2=32V, V x=6V[EX.2] Translation from English to Chinese1. 如果定义具有最大连接支路数的节点为参考节点，那么得到的方程相对来说比较简单。
《 自动化专业英语》试卷A
Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(6分)
1.Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese．（将下列词组翻译为汉语，共3分)
1)Transient response：瞬态响应
2)Critically damped：临界阻尼
3)Artificial neural networks：人工神经网络
Thank you very much for your time and attention.
共2页第2页
2.Translate the following words and expressions into English．(将下列词组翻译为英语。共3分)
1)集成电路：Integrated circuit
2)比例积分微分控制器（写全称）：Proportional - integral - derivative controller
计算机仿真作为一种广泛应用于科学研究和工程设计强大的分析工具表现出无可比拟的优势。
2)Since complete state controllability does not necessarily mean complete control of the output, and vice versa, complete output ty is separately defined in the same manner.
由于状态完全可控性并不一定意味着输出的完全能控，反过来说，输出完全可控性用相同的方法
单
独定义。
3)Ethernet employs a CSMA with collision detection protocol, when there is a collision, all of the affected nodes will back off, wait a random time, and retransmit.
自动化专业英语复习资料
element n、元件，成分node n、节点branch n、分支loop n、回路resistor n、电阻器impedance n、阻抗analog n、模拟digital adj、数字的pulse n、脉冲interface n、接触面，界面decoder n、解码器transformer n、变压器single-phase 单相pulsate vi、脉动three-phase power三相电源three-phase circuit 三相电路wye connection 星形连接delta connection 三角形连接phase voltage 相电压line voltage 线电压voltmeter n、电压表ammeter n、电流表clamp-on ammeter钳式安培表solid-state adj、固态的valve n、真空管，活栓semiconductor n、半导体switching n、开关diode n、二极管inverter n、反向换流器(逆变器) thyristor n、硅可控整流器inverter thyristor 晶闸管逆变器transistor n、晶体管substantial adj、牢固的fluorescent lamp ballast 荧光灯镇流器HVDC transmission system 高压直流输电系统induction motor 感应电动机rectifier n、整流器thyratron n、闸流管ignitron n、引燃管，放电管cycloconverter n、循环变流器spectrum n、光谱wafer n、圆片，晶片chopper n、斩波器polarity n、极性silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) n、可控硅整流器gate turn-off thyristors (GTO) n、门极可关断晶闸管MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) n、MOS控制晶闸管insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) n、绝缘栅双极型晶体管bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) n、双极结型晶体管（三极管）field-effect transistors (FETs) n、场效应管forward-bias 正向偏置reverse-biased 反向偏置silicon-controlled 可控硅metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET) n、金属氧化层半导体场效应晶体管generator n、发电机electro-mechanical 机电electromagnetic adj、电磁的integral adj、积分的commutator n、换向器turbine n、涡轮机，汽轮机vibrating n、振荡oscillating v、振荡hydraulic adj、水力的cylinder n、汽缸power electronics 电力电子rating ranging额定范围capacitor n、电容器inductor n、感应器armature n、电枢reactance n、电抗resistance n、电阻transient adj、瞬时的，短暂的instantaneous adj、瞬间的electromotive force (emf) 电动势rheostat n、可变电阻器squirrel-cage n、鼠笼式adapter n、适配器brushless n、无刷out-of-synchronous adj、不同步的，失步的substation n、变电站circuit breaker 断路器compensator n、补偿器，自耦变压器busbar n、母线load frequency control 负荷频率控制optimal power flow 潮(电)流优化switchgear n、开关设备current rating额定电流voltage class电压等级solenoid n.螺线管auto-reclosing 自动重合闸(装置) glow-discharge n、辉光放电varistor n、压敏电阻，变阻器furnace n、燃烧室pulverizer n.粉煤机boiler n、蒸发器electrostatic adj、静电的electrostatic precipitator 电除尘coal hopper 煤斗burner 燃烧器cooling tower冷却塔feed water pump给水泵heater exchanger 热交换器condenser n、冷凝器turbogenerator n、涡轮发电机single-stage turbine 单级汽轮机multi-stage turbine 多级汽轮机superheater n、过热器high-pressure turbine 高压汽轮机reheater n、再热器intermediate-pressure turbine 中压汽轮机low-pressure turbine 低压汽轮机acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应electromagnet n、电磁体stator n.定子baseload n、基本负载photovoltaic adj、光电的battery back-up system 电池备份系统performance characteristics 运行特性physical property 物理特性manipulated variable 操纵变量feedback n、反馈comparator n、比较器disturbance n、扰动actuate v、开动flipping n、翻转luminous flux 光通量lumens n、流明variable n、变量accelerator depression 对加速的抑制accelerator pedal加速踏板carburetor butterfly valve化油器阀门light bulb 灯泡relay n、继电器photocell n、光电池follow-up system 随动系统external intervention 外部干预interdependent elements 相互依存的元件stimuli n、激励thermostat control 恒温控制cowl flap 整流罩flyball-governed 离心式调速器restraining spring 限制弹簧differential equation 微分方程independent variable 独立变量Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换ratio n、比率initial condition 初始条件super-position 叠加性open-circuit 开路s-domain s域dynamic response 动态响应transient response 瞬态响应steady-state response 稳态响应angular position 角位置finite steady-state error 有限稳态误差servomechanism n、伺服机构process control 过程控制proportional term 比例项proportional gain 比例增益tuning parameter 整定参数instantaneous time 瞬时时间integral term 积分项accumulated offset 累计偏移量derivative term 微分项slope n、斜率fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑fuzzifier module 模糊逻辑块fuzzy inference engine 模糊推理机defuzzifier module 去模糊器模块microcontroller n、微控制器microprocessor n、微处理器integrated circuit 集成电路programmable logic controller程序控制逻辑器sensor n、传感器detector n.探测器,检波器elevator n.电梯sensitivity n.灵敏性offset n.偏移量bode n.伯德图lag n.滞后threshold n.阈值thermistor n、电热调节器thermocouple n.热电偶coil n、线圈bobbin n、线轴substrate n、基底linearity n、线性strain n、应变gauge v、测量insulating adj、绝缘的Wheatstone bridge 惠斯登电桥transmitter n、传导物，发报机sender n、寄件人，发报机indicator n、指示器piezometer n、压力计，压强计manometer n、压力计bourdon tube n、波尔登压力计deflection n、偏差dielectric n、电介质，绝缘体piezoresistance n、压电电阻tiltmeter n、测量地面倾斜角度之仪器oscillator n、振荡器crosstalk 串扰，交调失真air gap 空气隙cross-sectional area 横截面积reluctance n、磁阻armature n、电枢rectification n、校正，整流demodulation n、解调，检波filtering n、过滤variable-reluctance tacho generator n、可变磁阻测速发电机inductance n、感应系数waveform n、波形Ⅱ。
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翻译P.1The voltage across a pure inductor is defined by Faraday’law,which states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.thus we have U=Ldi/dt.纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。
因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中di/dt = 电流变化率，安培/秒；L = 感应系数，享利。
P.3A three-phase electric circuit is energized by three alternating emfs of the same frequency and differing in time phase by 120 electrical degrees .三相电压的产生三相电路可由三个频率相同在时间相位上相差120°电角度的电动势供电。
P.9One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains,AU or AI ,depend upon internal properties of two-port system( ).This makes design difficult since these parameters usually vary from device to device ,as well as temperature .运算放大器像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在的一个问题就是它们的增益AU或AI取决于双端口系统(m、b、RI、Ro等)的内部特性。
器件之间参数的分散性和温度漂移给设计工作增加了难度。
P.31However, the disadvantage is that they generate harmonics in the utility system creating a power quality problem for other consumers.Besides thyristor converters constitute a low lagging power factor load on tha utility system.但是，它们的缺点是在电力系统中产生谐波，对其他用户产生供电质量问题。
此外，晶闸管变换器给电力系统提供了一个滞后的低功率因数负载。
P.32Inverter is a device which receives DC voltage at one side and converts it to AC voltage on the other side逆变器是从一侧接受直流电压，在另一侧将其转换成交流电压的装置。
.Inverter can be classified voltage-fed inverter and current-fed inverter.逆变器可分成电压源型和电流源型两种。
P.36The permanent-magnet motor has several advantages over convertional types of DC motors.One advantage is reduced operational cost.The speed characteristics of the permanent-magnet motor are similar to those of the shunt-wound DC motor.The direction fo rotation of a permanent-magnet moror can be reversed by reversing the twopower lines.永磁电机相对于常规直流电机有几个优点。
优点之一是减少了运行损耗。
永磁电机的转速特性类似于并励式直流电机的转速特性。
永磁电机的旋转方向可通过将电源线反接来实现P40A signal proportional to the motor speed is obtained from the speed sensor.The speed sensor output is filtered to remove the AC ripple and compared with the speed reference. The speed error is processed through a speed controller.The output of the speed controller UC adjusts the rectifier firing angle A to make the actual speed close to the reference speed.正比于电机速度的信号可从速度传感器获得。
速度传感器的输出滤除交流波，并与速度参考值比较，速度误差被速度控制器处理，速度控制器的输出uc调整整流器的触发角α，以使实际的速度接近于参考速度。
P.45In a wound-rotor machine,the rotor wingding si similar to that of the stator,but in a cage machine ,the rotor has a squirrel cage-like structure with shorted end rings.对绕线式转子电机而言，转子绕组与定子绕组类似，但鼠笼式电机的转子具有鼠笼状结构，并且有两个短路环。
With the system transfer funcion known, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion will Tell us whether or not a system is stable .If it is stable ,the steady-state accuracy can be determined for various types of inputs.如果已知系统的传递函数，劳斯-胡尔维茨判据会告诉我们系统是否稳定。
如果系统稳定，可以确定各种类型输入时系统的稳态精度P.87There are as many as locus branches as there open-loop poles.A branch srtarts,for K=0,at each open-loop pole.As K is increased ,the closed-loop pole positions trace out loci,which end,for K at the open-loop zeros.根轨迹的分支数等于开环极点数。
当K=0时，分支起始于每一个开环极点。
随着K值的增加，闭环极点位置绘出根轨迹，当K→∞时，根轨迹终止于开环零点。
P.107The transition from simple approximate modles,which are easy to work with,to more realistic models produces two effects. First, a larger number of variables must be included in the model .Second ,a more realistic model is more likely to contain nonlinearities and time-varying parameters.从易于处理的简单近似模型到实际一些的模型的转换产生了两种作用（存在着两个方面的问题）。
第一，大量的变量必须包含在模型中。
第二，更实际的模型更容易包含非线性和时变参数。
P.133The memory of a computer consists of a set of sequentially numbered locations.Each location is a register in which binary information can be stored.The “number”of a location is calledits address.The lowest address is 0.计算机的内存由一组连续编号的单元构成。
每一个单元都是一个存储二进制信息的寄存器。
单元的编号称为其地址。
最低的地址为0。
P.135The CPU’s job is to fetch instructions from memory and execute these instructions.The structure of the CPU is shown in Fig.3-1A-3.It has four main components:an arithmetic and logical unit(ALU),a set of registers,an internal processor bus and controllerCPU的工作是从存储器中取回指令并执行。
它有四个主要部件：算术－逻辑单元，一系列存储器，一个内部处理器总线和控制器.P.163These two types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputers.Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture,shown in Fig.3-4A-1.others follow the philosophy,widely adopted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors,of making nological distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture,shown in Fig-3-4A-2.单片机有这样两种结构类型。