2016年四川大学244二外德语考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题
外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解【可修改文字】
可编辑修改精选全文完整版外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可--全国名校外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解（第3版）益星学习网可免费下载题库目录第1章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题分析二外德语考研真题分析重点院校二外德语考研真题比较第2章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题详解1．北京外国语大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）2．中国人民大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2007）3．对外经济贸易大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2013～2014）4．北京第二外国语学院二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2013）5．北京航空航天大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）6．上海外国语大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2006）7．浙江大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）8．武汉大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2011）9．南京大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）10．中山大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）11．厦门大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2013）12．四川外语学院二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）13．南开大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2012）第1章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题分析“二外德语”是全国各院校英语、日语、法语、俄语等外国语专业研究生入学考试科目，考生第二外语为德语。
一般来说，“二外德语”总分为100分，考试时间为3小时。
二外德语考研真题分析“二外德语”为全国各大院校自主命题，而非全国统考，没有统一的考试大纲，考生在备考“二外德语”时往往目标不明确，定位不准确，所以对各大院校的二外德语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。
分析各大院校的二外德语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的德语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“二外德语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰的了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。
2006年四川大学外国语学院222二外俄语考研真题及解析【圣才出品】
2006年四川大学外国语学院222二外俄语考研真题及解析一、阅读理解（20分）Микротекст 1—Юра, у тебя какие планы на каникулы?—Мы с ребятами собираемся в походнаКавказ. Аконец лета я думаю провести у бабушки, в деревне. Как тысчитаешь, мама?—Хорошая мысль! Бабушка давно по тебе скучает. Там есть и лес, и река. Подышишь свежим воздухам, покупаешься, загоришь.—Значит, можно написать бабушке, что я приеду.1. Где Юра будет проводить конец лета?а. На Кавказе.б. У бабушки.в. Дома.2. Где живёт бабушка Юры?а. В городе.б. В деревне.в. На Кавказе.【答案与解析】1.б问题是：尤拉夏末将在哪里过？由原文第二段第二句可知，夏末他将在乡下祖母那里过。
故本题答案为б。
2.б问题是：尤拉的祖母在哪里生活？由原文第二段第二句可知，祖母住在乡下。
故本题答案为б。
Микротекст 2Сегодня выходной, и все Калянины, то есть мать, отец исын, дома.Погода замечательная: солнце светит, небо синее. Но в городе шумно и душно.Что будут Калинины делать весь день?Антон Николаевич пойдёт утром за газетами и до обеда прочитает их с начала до конца. Ирина Петровна будет долго говорить по телефону, а затем пойдёт в кухню и начнёт готовить обед. После обеда пойдёт к соседке и будет говорить с ней о другой соседке..Скучно! Юрику , их сыну, дома тоже будет скучно：один его товарищ поехал в деревню к своей бабушке, а у другого товарища грипп.Калинины могут пойти в кино，которое около их дома. Но там ндёт старый фильм, а другие кино слшиком далеко от них. Они, конечно, могут пойти в гости, но и это скучно.И вот что они решили сделать. Они поедут за город!3. Все Калинины —это .а. мать, отец исын.б. только отец.в. мать н отец.4. Что они решили сделать?а. Пойти в кино.б. Поехать за город.в. Пойти в гости.【答案与解析】3.а问题是：加里宁一家指的是谁？由原文第一段第一句可知，加里宁一家有爸爸、妈妈、儿子。
四川大学外国语学院245二外法语历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
Ⅲ．请选择正确的答案 (20％) 1.—La police nous a promis _____ laisser M. Dupont partir aujourd’hui. a. de b. a c. pour d. que 【答案】A 【解析】句意：警察答应今天会放了杜邦先生。permettre à qn de faire qch答应某人做某事。
2011年四川大学外国语学院245二外法语真 题及详解
I. 请给出与下列词语同词根的词 (10％) Elever Varier Moisson Industrie peintre 答案： Elever élevateur élevage Varier variation variante Moisson moissonnage moissonner Industrie industrialiser industrialisation Peintre peinture peindre Ⅱ．请用适当的词填空 (20％) 1. Je vais préparer un plat _____ tu aimeras bien. 2. La leçon cinq _____ on a apprise hier, est très intéressante. 3．—Vous êtes allé à la cantine où nous avions dîné hier? —Non, je ne suis pas allé à _____ où nous avions dine hier.
目 录
2011年四川大学外国语学院245二外法语真题及详解 2008年四川大学外国语学院225二外法语真题及详解 2007年四川大学外国语学院225二外法语真题 2006年四川大学外国语学院225二外法语真题 2005年四川大学外国语学院225二外法语真题 2004年四川大学外国语学院225二外法语真题 2003年四川大学外国语学院225二外法语真题 2002年四川大学外国语学院225二外法语真题
2016年电子科技大学242德语(二外)真题
电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：242 德语(二外)注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
I. Was ist richtig? Machen Sie ein Kreuz! (35%)1). _____ schlechtem Wetter müssen wir zu Hause bleiben.A.BeiB.InC.MitD.Von2). _____zum Unterricht zu gehen, geht er ins Kino.A.OhneB.NichtC.UmD.Statt3).Über dieses Problem haben wir gestern ein ernstes Gespräch_____.A.gemachtB.geführtC.geredetD.genommen4). Am Fenster_____, liest er die Abendzeitung.A.stehtB.gestandenC.standD.stehend5). Er glaubt, ihr_____.A.zu helfenB.helfen zu könnenC.kann helfenD.hilft6). _____ die Aufgabe schwierig ist, möchte er versuchen, sie zu erfüllen.A. ObwohlB. DennochC. WennD. Zwar7). Das ist das Haus, _____ ich 15 Jahre lang gelebt habe.A. dasB. dassC. woD. in dem Haus8). Meine Tasche_____ ins Wasser_____.A. ist...gefallenB. ist...gefälltC. hat...gefallenD. hat...gefällt9). Sie sagte, dass sie_____.A. sei krank gewesenB. Krank gewesen seiC. krank sei gewesenD. ist krank gewesen10). Das ist _____, was ich jemals gehört habe.A. das InteressantesB. das InteressanteC. das InteressantesteD. interessant11). _____er seine Arbeit verloren hat, führt er ein sehr einfaches Leben.共 8 页第 1 页A. AlsB. WährendC. SeitdemD. Bis12). Die ______Spielzeuge werden meistens ins Ausland exportiert.A. in Guangdong hergestellt wordenenB. in Guangdong hergestelltenC. in Guangdong herzustellendeD. in Guangdong herstellenden13). Er hat mit seiner Arbeit_____ und ist aufs Land gezogen.A. aufgegebenB. aufgehörtC. verzichtetD. verliert14). Wir _____ uns morgen um 8 Uhr vor dem Eingang.A. begegnenB. treffenC. besuchenD. erkennen15). Der Verkehrsunfall, _____ zwei Kinder verletzt worden sind,forderte sieben Toteund zehn Verletzte.A. woB. worinC. bei demD.in dem16). _____ seines China-Aufenthalts hat er fünf Städte besucht.A. InnerhalbB. InC. WegenD. Während17). Er ist_____ der bekanntesten deutschen Schriftsteller.A. einB. einerC. einsD. einen18). Er tut so, _____A. als ob er nichts verstanden hatB. als er nichts verstanden hätteC. als hätte er nichts verstandenD. als ob hätte er nichts verstanden19). Rauchen _____ deiner Gesundheit.A. verletztB. zerstörtC. vernichtetD. schadet20). Zu seinem Geburtstag schenken_____ ein Spielzeug.A. seine Eltern erB. ihm seine ElternC. ihn seine ElternD. seine Eltern ihn21). …Willst du mich heiraten?“ –…Nein, das_____ gar nicht in Frage.“A. gehtB.kommtC. stelltD. bleibt22). Wir müssen ein Taxi nehmen,_____ wir rechtzeitig zum Flughafen kommen.A. umB. damitC. so dassD. in dem23). _____, sitzt er allein im Büro und weiß nicht mehr weiter.A. Von allen Seiten kritisiert habenB. Von allen Seiten kritisiert wordenC. Von allen Seiten kritisierdD. Von allen Seiten kritisiert24). Seine Mutter behandelt ihn _____ ein kleines Kind.A. anB. fürC. wieD. auf共 8 页第 2 页25). Ich fahre _____ in die Stadt, _____ ich bleibe zu Hause.A. weder... nochB. zwar...aberC. entweder...oderD. nicht nur...sonder auch26). Weißt du überhaupt, wie dein Traum zu verwirklichen _____?A. istB. kannC. wirdD. hat27). Er______ den besten Schauspielern der Welt.A. gehörtB. zähltC. ist einerD. zählt zu28). ______ die Fernsehprogramme langweilig sind, sitzt er jeden Tag mehrere Stunden vor dem Fernseher.A. ZwarB. WennC. ObwohlD. Weil29). Mit 3000Yuan Einkommen im Monat_____ du hier gut _____.A. gibst...ausB. kommst...ausC. lebst...einD. kommst...an30). Die Krankenschwester hilft dem Patienten, die Tür______.A. zu machenB. zuzumachenC. zu zumachenD. zumachen31). Es ist entschieden, ______.A. hier eine Schule gebaut zu werdenB. hier eine Schule gebaut wirdC. hier wird eine Schule gebautD. hier eine Schule zu bauen32). Seine Freundin wird ihn bald besuchen, ______ er sich sehr freut.A. dassB. wasC. woraufD. womit33). Er finanziert sein Studium selbst.Deswegen muss er ______dem Studium noch arbeiten gehen.A. währendB. nebenC. beiD. mit34). Er macht uns mehrere Vorschläge, ______ wir überhaupt nicht einverstanden sind.A. mit denB. damitC. mit denenD. mit der35). Je mehr man raucht, ______,an Krebs zu erkranken.A. desto größer ist die GefahrB. desto größere Gefahr ist esC. desto größer die Gefahr istD. desto ist die Gefahr größerII. Leseverständnis: (20 %)Generationskonflikt… Ich kann das alles überhaupt nicht verstehen. Diese jungen Leute heute, die haben es ja viel besser als wir damals zu unserer Zeit. Meine Eltern-ganz einfache Leute- hatten共 8 页第 3 页kein Verständnis dafür, daß ich studieren wollte. Sie wollen nicht, daß ich aufs Gymnasium ging. Ich habe im Geschäft mitgeholfen；meine Eltern hatten einen kleinen Laden, den sollte ich später einaml übernehmen. Der ist aber pleite破产的gegangen, die Konkurrenz war zu groß. Heute steht da ein Supermarkt.Ja；ich habe später das Abitur nachgemacht补做；das war nicht leicht：tagsüber arbeiten, abends diese Kurse. Bis in die Nacht hinein habe ich über den Büchern gesessen.Mein Sohn hat nie zu arbeiten brauchen；es war selbstverständlich, daß er studieren durfte；als er noch zur Schule ging, hat meine zweite Frau für ihn gesorgt wie für ihr eigenes Kind. Ich dachte natürlich, mein Sohn studiert Medizin und kommt zu mir in die Praxis；ich stellte mir das so schön vor, mit meinem Sohn zusammenzuarbeiten；die Praxis wird ja immer größer. Die Leute kommen gern zu mir, ich bin ihr … Doktor“ schon seit so vielen Jahren；mit allen Sorgen kommen sie zu mir, und es ist schön, wenn man ihnen helfen kann.Später hätte er die Praxis dann übernehmen sollen；ich bin ja nicht mehr der Jüngste. Aber nein,er will nicht Medizin studieren, erklärt er mir. Ich frage Sie, gibt es etwas Schöneres als den Arztberuf? Literatur will er studieren, stellen Sie sich das vor. Ich lese ja auch gern mal ein Buch；dafür brauche ich doch nicht zu studieren.Und ich muß das auch noch finanzieren. Aber von mir bekommt er nur das Minimum 最小值, keinen Pfennig mehr. Er kann ja in den Ferien arbeiten, wenn er mehr haben will.Vielleicht überlegt er es sich noch. Die Praxis läuft gut；das Wartezimmer ist immer voll. Man muß natürlich hart arbeiten, es wird einem nichts geschenkt. Irgendwo muß das Geld ja herkommen：das Haus, der Wagen, die Reisen, dagegen hat der Herr Sohn nichts, das gefällt ihm alles sehr gut, aber Arzt werden will er trotzdem nicht. Glauben Sie, daß er als Lehrer später einmal so gut verdienen wird? Bestimmt nicht. Aber das ist ihm egal. Können Sie das verstehen? “Was ist richtig?36). Wer spricht da?A.Der Großvater.B. Der Vater.C. Der Sohn.37). Was waren die Großeltern?A. Lehrer.B. Ärzte.C. Geschäftsleute38).Was hatte der Vater gemacht, bevor er aufs Gymnasium ging?A. Er hatte in dem kleinen Laden seiner Eltern gearbeitet.B. Er hatte in einer kleinen Fabrik gearbeitet.C. Er hatte in einem Supermarkt als Verkäufer gearbeitet.39).Was ist der Vater jetzt von Beruf?A.Verkäufer.B. Arzt.C. Lehrer.共 8 页第 4 页40).Was sollte der Sohn nach dem Wunsch des Vaters studieren?A.Medizin.B. Literatur.C. Pädagogik.41).Wofür interessiert sich der Sohn?A.Medizin.B. Literatur.C. Geschichte.42).Wo arbeitet der Vater?A.In einem Krankenhaus.B.In seiner eigenen Praxis.C.In einer Fabrik.43).Warum ist der Vater mit seinem Beruf zufrieden?A. Er kann durch wenige Arbeit viel Geld verdienen.B. Er hat in der eigenen Praxis mehr Freiheit.C. Er verdient viel Geld, obwohl die Arbeit hart ist.44).Was ist dem Sohn egal?A. Ob man mehr oder weniger Freiheit hat.B. Ob man viel oder wenig Geld verdient.C. Ob man leicht oder hart arbeiten wird.45).Was will der Sohn später werden?A. Lehrer.B. Arzt.C. Arbeiter.Von Lernen und von der SchuleJeder Mensch muß von Geburt an lernen, d.h. er muß sich Fähigkeiten und Kenntnisse aneignen, um ein selbständiges Leben in der Gemeinschaft führen zu können.Das Kleinkind muß z.B. das Laufen und Sprechen mühsam(辛苦的，费力)的in den ersten Lebensjahren erlernen, wobei Eltern und Familie natürliches Vorbild und Lehrer sind. Das Kind lernt im Spiel und durch Nachmachen. Der erste Ort des ordentlichen Lernens ist die Schule, die jedes gesunde Kind in der Bundesrepublik ab dem sechsten Lebensjahr mindestens neun Jahre besuchen muß.Zunächst werden dem Kind in der vierjährigen Grundschule so wichtige Fertigkeiten （技能） wie Lesen, Schreiben und Rechnen beigebracht（传授）. Daneben sollen die Kinder auch in Fächern wie Sport und Musik ihre Fähigkeiten entwickeln.Das Leben in der Gruppe und Gesellschaft muß geübt werden. Regeln und Gesetze, die für das Zusammenleben in Gesellschaft und Staat notwendig sind, müssen erlernt werden. Nach dieser Grundausbildung, die alle Kinder eines Jahrgangs gemeinsam共 8 页第 5 页erhalten, beginnt in Niedersachsen die zweijährige Orientierungsstufe（定向阶段）. Noch lernen die Kinder nach Möglichkeit in der Klasse, aber sie können bereits in verschiedene Gruppen aufgeteilt（划分）werden, in denen unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten gestellt werden. Diese Aufteilung richtet sich nach den Fähigkeiten der Kinder. Nach diesen zwei Jahren müssen sich Eltern und Kinder für eine der drei folgenden Möglichkeiten entscheiden: Hauptschule, Realschule oder Gymnasium.Die Hauptschule dauert noch einmal drei Jahre. Danach kann der junge Mensch eine Lehre in einem Handwerksberuf （手工业职业）beginnen.Die Realschule dauert ein Jahr länger und bereitet auf eine Lehre im Büro oder in einem technischen Beruf vor.Das siebenjährige Gymnasium unterrichtet hauptsächlich theoretisches Wissen. Sein Abschluß, das Abitur, ermöglicht das Studium an der Universität.Außerdem gibt es noch seit ungefähr zwanzig Jahren die Gesamtschule, die alle Schularten in sich vereinigt (etw. in sich vereinigen把......集于一体). Wer eine Gesamtschule besucht, braucht also die Schule nicht zu wechseln, was manche Eltern für einen Vorteil halten. Manche Kritiker meinen aber, daß man in dieser Schule nicht so viel lernt.Was ist richtig?46). Man muß_______ lernen.A. lebenslangB. ab dem 6. LebensjahrC. mit sechs JahrenD. vor der Heirat47). Man eignet sich Wissen an, ________.A. um sein Brot zu verdienenB. um selbständig leben zu könnenC. um die Familie zu ernährenD. um sich ein besseres Leben zu schaffen48). Kinder können bei den Eltern durch Nachmachen ________lernen.A. schreibenB. rechnenC. sprechenD. lesen49). Wieviel Jahre muß man in Niedersachsen in die Schule gehen?A. Sechs Jahren.B. Vier Jahre.C. Neun JahreD. Dreizehn Jahre.50). Die Grundschule dauert in der Bundesrepublik ________.A. zehn JahreB. neun JahreC. sechs JahreD. vier Jahre51). Nach der Grundschule gehen die Kinder in Niedersachsen ________.A. in die HauptschuleB. in die RealschuleC. zum GymnasiumD. in die Orientierungsstufe52). In der Orientierungsstufe ________.共 8 页第 6 页A. müssen die Kinder zusammen in derselben Klasse lernenB. müssen die Kinder in verschiedene Klassen aufgeteilt werdenC.lernen die Kinder entweder zusammen in der Klasse, oder sie werden inverschiedene Gruppen aufgeteilt.D. dürfen die Kinder nicht mehr zusammen in der Klasse lernen.53). Wonach werden die Schüler in der Orientierungsstufe aufgeteilt?A. Nach ihren Sprachkenntnissen.B. Nach der Meinung ihrer Eltern.C. Nach den Bedingungen der SchuleD. Nach ihren Fähigkeiten.54). Die Realschule in Niedersachsen dauert ________.A. noch länger als die GrundschuleB. vier JahreC. drei JahreD. genauso lang wie die Hauptschule55). Was is nach dem Text richtig?A. Alle sind für die Gesamtschule.B. Alle sind gegen die GesamtschuleC. Manche sind dafür, aber manche sind der anderen Meinung.D. Die Gesamtschule hat nur Vorteile.III.Ergänzen Sie die Sätze!（5%）56). Er hat mich gebeten, ihm bei der Arbeit ________ helfen.57). ________ er sechs Jahre alt war, ging er in die Schule.58). Er ist einer________ besten Schüler in unserer Klasse.59). Das ist alles, ________ ich zu sagen habe.60). Ich möchte alle Anwesenden darum ________, in diesem Raum nicht zu rauchen.61). Ich fahre________ zur Uni noch in die Stadt.62). Deine Uhr kostet2000Yuan,aber meine nur200Yuan. Deine Uhr ist viel________als meine.63). ________soll ich die Tischlampe stellen?64). Sie können mein Auto benutzen. Es ________Ihnen jede Zeit zur Verfügung.65). Die Frau,mit________Tochter wir ins Kino gegangen sind, ist unsere Lehrerin.共 8 页第 7 页IV. Übersetzen Sie ins Deutsche: (15 %)66．考试期间他没空。
四川大学2016独家真题
四川大学2016年博士研究生英语入学考试试题考生请注意：1. 本试题共5大题，共11页，请考生注意检杏.考试时间为180分钟2. 1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。
3. 翻译和作文题答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。
书写要求字迹消楚、工整。
I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhen a person begins a mediated or immediate encounter, he already stands in some kind of social relationship to the others concerned, and expects to stand in a given relationship to them after the particular encounter ends. This, of course, is one of the ways in which social contacts are geared into the wider society. Much of the activ ity occurring during an encounter can be understood as an effort on everyone’s part to get through the occasion and all the unanticipated and unintentional events that can cast participants in an undesirable light, without disrupting the relationships of the participants. And if relationships are in the process of change，the object will be to bring the encounter to a satisfactory close without altering the expected course of development. The perspective nicely accounts, for example, for the little ceremonies of greeting and farewell which occur when people begin a conversational encounter or depart from one. Greetings provide a way of showing that a relationship is still what it was at the termination of the previous co-participation, and, typically, that this relationship involves sufficient suppression of hostility for the participants temporarily to drop their guards and talk. Farewells sum up the effect of the encounter upon the relationship and show what the participants may expect of one another when they next meet. The enthusiasm of greetings compensates for the weakening of the relationship caused by the absence just terminated, while the enthusiasm of farewells compensates the relationship for the harm that is about to be done to it by separation.It seems to be a characteristic obligation of many social relationships that each of the members guarantees to support a given face for the other members in given situations. To prevent disruption of these relationships, it is therefore necessarily for each m ember to avoid destroying the others’ face. At the same time, it is often the person’s social relationship with others that leads him to participate in certain encounters with them, where incidentally he will be dependent upon them for supporting his face. Furthermore, in many relationships, the members come to share a face, so that in the presence of third parties an improper act on the part of one member becomes a source of acute embarrassment to the other members. A social relationship, then, can be seen as a way in which the person is more than ordinarily forced to trust his self-image and face to the tact and good conduct of others.1 .The last word of the first sentence, nam ely “ends' is most likely B .[A] a noun, meaning “purposes” or “objectives”[B] a verb, meaning “comes to a finish”[C] a postpositional adjective, meaning “finishing”[D] an adjective, meaning “purposeful”2. According to the author, if any unexpected difficulties occur in a social contact,B .[A] the relationships between the participants break up[B] those who participate will be in an unintentional event[C] all participants would try to maintain their relationships|D] the participants will certainly get through an activity3. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author? C[A] The participants hope their relationship would be the same as they met last.[B] Greetings are just as important as farewells in a social encounter.[C] Before every greeting there is always sufficient hostility to suppress.[D] If their relationship changes, the participants want it to change as they hoped.4. The last sentence of the second paragraph means that . A[A] one’s self-image is dependent on how others behave[B] face and self-image are two different kinds of relationships[C] social relationship is something that is forced on all participants[D] to get along well with others is a process of giving each other face5. The best title for this passage may well be . A[A] Face and Social Relationship [B] How to Conduct Socially[C] Greetings and Farewells [D] Conversational SociologyPassage Two（Tips:出现人名字的地方用笔圈出来，数字用笔圈出来）The poet William Blake wrote in the early nineteenth century: “Great things are done when men and mountains meet.”Great things indeed were done on Mount Everest in May of 1996. Also poignant things, foolish things, deadly things：Hundreds of climbers from eleven different expeditions were on the mountain ---- thirty-one near the summit ---- when a freakish and fierce-some storm blew in. Eight climbers perished, the highest one-day death toll since the first expedition tried to reach the top of the world’s tallest peak in 1921.Adventurers have always sought challenges: deeper jungles, wider oceans, newer worlds. But mountains have been special. Perhaps it’s their size, the ir power, their resistance to conquest. In Patrick Meyers’s play K2, a marooned climber on the Himalaya peak that gives the play its name delivers this li ne: “Mountains are metaphors.” And so they are. Climbers search not just for summits but also for themselves. They reach up to reach in.That helps explain why Everest has been enveloped by “Mountain Madness，”the name of a Seattle company that offers guided tours of the peak for about $65,000 (plus airfare to Nepal). New technology and equipment have also helped: lighter gear, warmer clothing, better radios and telephones. And the adventure can be shared, practically in real time, with Internet browsers around the world.But the community of high-mountain explorers now is gripped by soul-searching and second-guessing. Everest, after all, is not a theme peak. Some of the dead were experienced guides who lost their lives trying to save less agile amateurs. Said Mark Bryant, editor of Outside Magazines:“Some of us have been asking: Is it right that an average climber can order an ascent of Everest out of a catalog?” An Australian mountaineer, Tim McCartney-Snape, told the Associated Press: “Some things should remain sacred, and Everest is one of them. Even the strongest and toughest have found it can be extremely difficult just existing at that altitude, without other people depending on you.On Everest, dependency can lead to heroism and to tragedy. One frostbitten amateur, Seaborne Weathers of Dallas, was plucked from a rocky ledge at 22,000 feet by a Nepalese army helicopter — an act of incredible bravery. And Rob Hall, a guide who had climbed Everest several times, stayed on its slope with a dying customer. After learning they were hopelessly trapped, Hall managed to place a satellite telephone call to his pregnant wife, Jan, in New Zealand. “Hey, look,” he told her, “don’t worry about me.” At that moment, Hall remembered Harold, the character in K2 who muses: “Understanding has no meaning. Holding on, just holding on, that has meaning. Like Harold, he knew the mountain was still a mountain. Still a goal. Still a dream. And he couldn’t hold on. Rob Hall died before rescuers could reach him.6. Which of the following statements best describes the author’s point of view?[A] Amateurs should not be encouraged to climb Mount Everest.[B] Guided tours of Mount Everest have become a source of enormous profits.[C] In the past, Mount Everest has made heroes out of ordinary men and women.[D] Mount Everest should remain a metaphor to be talked about.7. The sentence “They reach up to reach in”may be best paraphrased by “”[A] To know the inherent meaning of a mountain, one needs to climb up to the top[B] In conquering the mountain, one finds a proof of oneself[C] Mountaineers must climb upward in order to climb inside it[D] One needs to climb up to the top to see why a mountain is metaphorical8. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT .[A] Mountain climbing can have a live report simultaneously[B] Mountaineers can be located instantly during their climbing[C] New technology significantly reduces risks and dangers in mountain climbing {D} It is more dangerous to have someone depending on you during mountain climbing9. In the last paragraph, Harold’s saying “Understanding has no meaning” means.[A] determination is more vital than thinking[B] persistence and action require reasoning[C] one should avoid misunderstanding the situation[D] it is meaningless to think in mountaineering10. Most likely, the author of this passage is .. [A] a historian [B] a mountaineer[C] a tourist guide [D] a reporterPassage 3The Hertz Corporation, the U.S. Air Force, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, the City of Dallas, and the Neiman-Marcus Group, Inc., have one thing in common----all have purchased the services of Feedback Plus. Feedback Plus is an agency that dispatches professiona l shoppers who pose as customers. These “mystery” shoppers visit the client’s business, purchase products or services and report back to the client on the quality of service they receive. The City of Dallas hired Feedback Plus to see how car-pound employees treat citizens picking up their cars. The Air Force is using professional shoppers to assess customer service at their on-base supply stores. Banks, hospitals, and public utilities are also hiring mystery shoppers. Vickie Henry, chief executive of Feedba ck Plus, notes that many similar firms compete for client’s business, and service really differentiates one firm from another. Although Henry has a database of 8,800 people who serve as professional shoppers, she sometimes assumes the role of mystery shopper herself. During a recent visit to an upscale women's apparel store, she observed the type of customer service most companies attempt to avoid. None of the many salespeople on the sales floor said hello when she entered the store. When she removed a skirt from a clothing rack, none of the salespeople approached her. Finally, several minutes after entering the store, Henry approached a salesperson and asked to use the dressing room. Needless to say, service at this firm did not receive high marks from Feedback Plus.As organizations experience increased competition for clients, patients, and customers, awareness of the importance of public contact increases. They are giving new attention to the old adage “First impressions are lasting impressions.” Research indicates that initial impressions do indeed tend to linger. Therefore, a positive first impression can set the stage for a long-term relationship.We are indebted to Susan Bixler, president of Professional Image, Inc., and author of Professional Presence, for giving us a better understanding of what it means to possess professional presence. Professional presence is a dynamic blend of poise, self-confidence, control and style that empowers us to be able to command respect in any situation. Once acquired, it permits us to be perceived as self-assured and thoroughly competent. We project a confidence that others can quickly perceive the first time they meet us.Bixler points out that, in most cases, the credentials we present during a job interview or when we are being considered for a promotion are not very different from those of other persons being considered, [t is oar professional presence that permits us to rise above the crowd. Debra Benton, a career consultant, says, “Any boss with a choice of two people with equal qualifications will choose the one with style as well as substance.” Learning to create a professional presence is one of the most valuable skills we can acquire.The development of professional presence begins with a full appreciation of the power of first impressions. The tendency to form impressions quickly at the time of an initial meeting illustrates what social psychologists call a primacy effect in the way people perceive one another. The general principle is that first impressions establish the mental framework within which a person is viewed, and later evidence is either ignored or reinterpreted to coincide with this framework.11. For all of the following walks of life EXCEPT the the professional presence has beendiscussed in this passage.[A] economic [B] military[C] academic [D] medical12. The underlined word “apparel” in the first paragraph means ““[A] apparatus [B] cosmetics[C] clothing [D] specialty13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] No first impressions would ever change in the later contacts.[B] How one composes oneself determines how one is evaluated by others.[C] Social psychology is a science that stipulates the principles for social behaviors.[D] Opportunities in jobs or promotions are for those who differ from their competitors.14. The underlined word : “poise” in the third paragraph means:[A] proper comportment [B]desirable position[C] careful pause [D] positive assurance15. Which of the following is likely to be the title of this article?[A] The Power of First Impression[B] The Primacy Effect in Marketing[C] Social Psychology in Business[D] The Importance of FeedbackPassage FourYou can’t drive if you’re blind, or blind drunk, but an alarming number of Americans find themselves, at least occasionally, driving in a blind rage. “It’s a major social issue，”says Dr. Ricardo Martinez, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safe ty Administration. “A 3,000-pound car in the hands of rude, hostile person is a lethal weapon.”A report on “road rage” to be released this week by the American Automobiles Association concluded that “motorists ... are increasingly being shot, stabbed, beaten, and run over for i nane reasons.” And inanity is not confined to young louts in “Baywatch” T-shirt: young men are by far the most common perpetrators, but middle-aged men and women can be equally big jerks. The most common manifestation of road rage was aggressive tailgating, followed by headlight flashing, “obscene gestures”, blocking other vehi cles, and verbal abuse. Drivers have been assaulted with weapons ranging from partially eaten burritos to canes (“a favorite with the elderly and disabled”）to golf clubs ---- and other vehicles, including buses,bulldozers, forklifts, and military tanks. “In terms of fatal crashes, drunks are a much bigger menace,”says David Willis, president of the AAA Foundation of Traffic Safety. “But the average motorist doesn’t encounter a drunk very often, while in a place like Washington, D.C., at least once a week yo u’ll have an encounter with some crazy guy on the road.”Naturally, the phenomenon has given rise to its own therapeutic movement, whose leading practitioner is a Whittier, California, psychologist named Arnold Nerenburg. Nerenburg, who calls himself “America’s Road Rage Therapist”, has identified four stimuli that provoked road rage. The most common is feeling endange red by someone else’s driving --- for example, when another driver cuts you off or follows too closely. Others are resentment at being forced to slow down, righteous indignation at someone who breaks traffic rules or steals your parking space and ----perhaps the most dangerous, because it opens the door to an escalating exchange of hostilities ----anger at another driver who takes his own road rage out on you.The fact that most drivers are mutual strangers contributes to the volatility of highway confrontations. “There’s a deep psychological urge to release aggressio n a gainst an anonymous other,” Nerenburg says.Road-rage therapy tends toward the common-sensical---- “Take a deep breath and just let it go,” Nerenburg recommends. But it might help to consider that you might not be all that anonymous to the other driver. One of his patients realized the depth of his problem after he yelled an obscenity at the woman in the next car ----who turned out to be his boss s wife.16 .Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] More and more Americans are using their cars to express their anger.[B] Old people and women are milder in temperament during driving.[C] Common sense might be the basis for overcoming road rage.[D] If people know each other, road rage would not happen.17. According to American Automobile Association, the people are more likely than all the others to be road-angered.[A] young [B] middle-aged[C]old [D] handicapped18. Which of the following is a justifiable cause for road rage, according to Dr. Nerenburg?[A] Another driver fails to observe a traffic law.[B] The parking space is occupied by another car.[C] The lane is taken by a slowly-moving car.[D] Another driver flashes the head-light.19. The underlined word “lethal” in the first paragraph means:[A] powerful [B] illegal[C] dangerous [D] deadly20. What might be the deep problem that one of Nerenburg’s patients had realized?[A] He faces a lawsuit of sex harassment.[B] He is in danger of being fired.[C] He will be fined by traffic police.[D] He falls ill and has to see a doctor.Passage FiveMost people, asked if they can think without -speech, would probably answer, “Yes, but it is not easy for me to do so. Still I know it can be done.” Language is but a garment! But what if language is not so much a garment as a prepared road or groove? It is, indeed, in the highest degree likely that language is an instrument originally put to uses lower than the conceptual plane and that thought arises as a refined interpretation of its content. The product grows, in other words, with the instrument and the thought may be no more conceivable, in its genesis and daily practice, without speech than is mathematical reasoning practicable without the lever of an appropriate mathematically symbolism. No one believes that even the most difficult mathematical proposition is inherently dependent on an arbitrary set of symbols, but it is impossible to suppose that the human mind is capable of arriving at or holding such a proposition without the symbolism.The writer, for one, is strongly of the opinion that the feeling entertained by so many that they can think, or even reason, without language is an illusion. The illusion seems to be due to a number of factors. The simplest of these is the failure to distinguish between imagery and thought. As a matter of fact, no sooner do we try to put an image into conscious relation with another than we find ourselves slipping into a silent flow of words. Thought may be a natural domain apart from the artificial one of speech, but speech would seem to the only road we know of that leads to it.21. In the first line, the underlined phrase can best be replaced by[A] most of the people [B] more people[C] more than one people [D] many people22. In line 3, the word ‘groove” is probably closest in meaning to[A] later growth [B] designated slot[C] particular path [D] ready-made viaduct23. Which of the following statements would the author of the passage agree?[A] Thought came into being earlier than language[B] It is language that makes conceptual thought possible[C] Thought is no different from mathematics because it depends on symbolism[D] Both thought and language are the interpretation of propositions.24. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?[A] The imagery is the precondition of thought[B] Thought has to be bore in words.[C] Imagery is an explanation of words.[D] Once we use words, we make mistakes.25. The idea of this passage is held by[A]some people including the writer.[B] the writer himself alone[C] most people but the writer[D] one of the people other than the writerPassage SixStrikes and strikebreaking, lockouts and boycotts, all pit one side against the other in labor disputes. Ultimately, the negative effects of such actions ---- including resentment, fear, and distrust ---- linger for months or years after a dispute has been resolved.Increasingly, more productive techniques such as mediation and arbitration are being used to settle disagreements between labor and management. Either one may come into play before a labor contract expires or after some other strategy, such as a strike, has proven ineffective.Mediation is the use of a neutral third party to assist management and the union during their negotiations. This third party (the mediator) listens to both sides, trying to find common ground for agreement. The mediator also tries to encourage communication between the two sides to promote compromise, and generally keep the negotiation moving. Initially, the mediator may meet privately with each side. Eventually, however, the goal is to get the two sides to settle their differences at the bargaining table.Unlike mediation, the arbitration step involves a formal hearing. Just as it may be the final step in a grievance procedure, it may also be used in contract negotiations when the two sides cannot agree on one or more issues. At this point, the arbitrator hears the formal positions of both parties on outstanding, unresolved issues. The arbitrator then analyzes these positions and makes a decision on the possible resolution of the issues. If both sides have agreed in advance that the arbitration will be binding, that means they must accept the arbitrator’s decisio n.If mediation and arbitration are unsuccessful, then according to the Taft-Hartley Act, the president of the United States can obtain a temporary injunction to prevent or to stop a strike if it would endanger national health or security.26. According to the author, with the solution of a labor crisis[A] the tension between labor and management can continue[B] labor and management do not trust each other any more[C] the negative effect of actions like strike would be resolved[D] a long time is needed to bring the dispute to an end27. To resolve a labor dispute, one should[A] resort to mediation or arbitration from the start[B] make sure that the labor contract expires[C] take other steps before going to mediation or arbitration[D] strike first and then accept mediation or arbitration28. Which of the following is true of mediation?[A] The mediator makes final decisions after meeting with both sides.[B] To avoid bias, the mediator cannot meet either side in advance.[C] The primary task is to help both sides bargain with each other.[D] The mediator can be a representative from either the labor or the management.29. The pre-condition for an arbitration to be authoritative is that[A] both sides agree in advance to abide by the decision made[B] a formal hearing must be conducted just like in a court trial[C] the decision is focused on the most outstanding and unresolved issues[D] there is no bargaining allowed by arbitration，unlike mediation30. In the last sen tence, the underlined word “injunction” most likely refers to[A] a formal declaration [B] a subpoena [C] a lawsuit protocol [D] an official orderVI Vocabulary (10%; 0-5 mark each)31. Dr. Norman Bethune came from Canada to help the Chinese people in their war against Japanese aggression.[A] in the way [B] all the way [C] along the way [D] by the way32. Throughout history, he who knows the art of war uses force only as the last[A] resort [B] rescue [C] refrain [D] recant33. After a careful investigation and evaluation，the city hall decided to the old house.[A] dismantle [B] destroy [C] demolish [D] delineate34. The monument was so small that it appears to be more for than for memorial.[A] significance [B] indifference [C] oblivion [D] memory35. Millions of years ago the Vesuvian volcano destroyed Pompeii, but today it is[A] dormant [B] Pacifying [C] ignited [D] pictured36. Because humans have to talk about the limitless world by means of limited language sounds, there is a great between the world and language.[A] apathy [B]anomaly [C] asymmetry [D] agnosticism37. If an organism is quite successful in getting used with the environment that is new to it, we say that the organism is very[A] agile [B] adjustable [C] adoptive [D] adaptive38. When we do Planning, we Should take a11 relevant factors into consideration in order to as much as possible the difficult cases or even failures.[A] forestall [B] forerun [C] foretell [D] forecast39. is the practice of putting yourself in a position of another person in order to understand his/her feelings.[A] affectionate [B]empathy[C] pathology [D] affiliation40. In schools and universities, some courses are compulsory, which one has to take, while the others are( ) , either freely of as required.[A] optimal [B] opaque [C] optical [D] optional41. When one applies for a job position, one needs to ( ) one's resume, describing one's educational as well as working experiences.[A] submit [B] subject [C] submerge [D] subside42. As industry grew，so ( ) did the need for more and more skilled industrial workers.[A] much [B] as to [C] too [D] as for43. The rescue team worked hard to search for the missing mountaineers,( ) the heavy and icy snowstorm.[A] in spite [B] despite [C] although [D] disregard44. “Breaking Bad” is the most thrilling TV drama series ( ) I have watched in several years.[A] as [B] what [C] which [D] that45. The revised feasibility report handed in by the draft team is good enough, ( )a few spelling errors on some pages.[A] except for [B] except that [C] excepting [D] except46. It is mandatory that the engineering project ( ) accomplished by the end ofthis year.[A] is [B] has been [C] be [D] will be47. ( ) the advice from the councilor, we would not have finished the task so smoothly.[A] out of [B] what with [C] but for [D] instead of48. The traffic accident has claimed 5 lives, the cause of which is still ( ) investigation.[A] under [B] beyond [C] for [D] beneath49. Even though the bell for dismissing class has rung，the teacher is still talking ( )[A] over [B] forward [C] off [D] away50. Since the negotiation with the management has come to a deadlock, the worker's union decide to take ( ) the street.[A] to [B] over [C] down [D] away withIII Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each)In the last decade, giving birth at home has become an increasingly popular option for some couples. Assisted by a physician or a nurse-midwife，many women have successfully given birth at home (51) A to healthy babies. In fact, some studies indicate that ―一for (52)<C>uncomplicated pregnancies --- home delivery is as safe as hospital delivery. (53) [B] Advocates of home birth argue that the atmosphere in a hospital --- with all its forbidding machines，rules, regulations, and general lack of “homeyness”---- is stressful. (54) [B] Therefore ，giving birth in a hospital detracts from what should be a joyous, natural human experience. Supporters of home birth further argue that hospitals are (55) [C] meant to deal with illness and that the delivery of a baby should not be viewed as an illness.On the other side of the argument, critics of home birth argue that if emergency medical (56) [A] procedures are necessary, giving birth at home may be (57) [B] downright dangerous. Furthermore, hospital practices in labor and delivery have changed (58) [D] radically in the last decade, particularly with the increased popularity of the Lamaze method. Thus hospitals are not the strange, forbidding environments they once were. (59) [A] Most hospitals, for example, allow fathers to be present (60) [A] at the entire labor and delivery, and many allow the。
(NEW)四川外国语大学244德语历年考研真题及详解
b. steht c. ist 【答案】b 【解析】etw. zur Verfügung stehen 供…使用；固定搭配。
4．—Haben Sie auch keinen Bleistift? —______, ich habe einen. a. Nein b. Doch c. Ja 【答案】b 【解析】反义疑问句中，若答句表示的意思与问句相反， 用“doch”回答，若相同用“nein”回答。在此题中，问句：“您没有笔 吗？”回答时表示“不，我有。”意思与问句相反，要用doch。
a. weil b. wie c. ob 【答案】b 【解析】wie连接宾语从句，表示“.Der menschliche Körper ______ zu 60% bis 70% aus Wasser. a. besteht b. stammt c. kommt
5.Letzten Freitag ______ wir ins Studentenheim eingezogen. a. sind b. wurden c. mussten 【答案】a 【解析】句意：“上周五我们搬入了学生宿舍。”einziehen 表示“搬 进”这一动作，完成式为eingezogen sein。
6.Endlich habe ich die Prüfung hinter______. a. sich b. mich c. mir 【答案】c 【解析】etw. hinter sich haben经历过某事；句意：我终于考完了 试。
7. Es gibt in diesem Buch Tipps, ______ man sein Gedächtnis effektiver nutzen kann.