北京邮电大学考博英语模拟试题精解

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2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案23

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案23阅读理解(十一)Like everyone else working at the Limerick nuclear-power(核能)plant,Stanley Watras had to pass through the monitors(监测器)before leaving the building.Most of his co-workers passed through without a problem,but Watras,an engineer,continually set off alarms(警报).Some days he was found to be carrying six times more radiation(辐射物)than normal.Neither Watras nor his co-workers could understand where he was picking it up.Then one day Watras went through the door at Limerick and turned and walked back through the monitors without ever entering the power block.Yet the machines still said he was carrying radiation.“If I wasn’t picking up radiation at work,there was only one place it could be coming from.My house.”When scientists came to test the Watrases’ho me in the countryside,they found out what was the matter.The house contained so much radon(氡)that living in it for a year was like being exposed(暴露)to 260,000 chest X-rays.In the year theWatrases had spent there,they had increased their chances of getting lung cancer(癌症)by 13 or 14 percent.The next day the Watrases took down their Christmas tree,put their clothes in some bags and moved into a nearby hotel.“It was terrible,”says Watras.The owner of the Limerick plant took charge of dealing with the Watrases’radon problem as an experiment.Scientists studied every corner of the house.When the ground was dug up,they found that under the house there was a uranium(铀)-bearing rock.1.It was because _____that Stanley Watras was carrying six times more radiation than normal.A.he worked at a nuclear-power plantB.there was something wrong with the monitorsC.he lived in a house in the countrysideD.his house was built on a uranium-bearing rock2.The monitors at the gates of the plant building gave alarms.A.only when Watras was leaving the buildingB.whenever Watras’s co-workers were leaving the buildingC.only when Watras was passing through one dayD.whenever Watras was passing through them3.Watras understood he was picking up radiation at home as.A.he always set off alarms when passing through themonitorsB.most of his co-workers passed through the monitors without problemC.he proved one day he wasn’t picking up radiation at workD.scientists found out his house contained radiation4.The Watrases moved into a hotel because.A.they had been exposed to 260,000 chest X-raysB.they might have got lung cancerC.the house contained too much radonD.scientists found under his house there was a uranium-bearing rock5.Which of the following is true,according to the passage?A.The Watrases will get lung cancer.B.The Watrases will have more chances to get lung caner than ordinary people.C.The Watrases will not get lung cancer at allD.The Watrases do not worry about their health.(十二)Go and watch the baby when he is asleep.See how his chest(胸膛)rises and falls,then rises and falls again.He does not know what he is doing,but he breathes as perfectly as the oldest and wisest man in the world.He began tobreathe when he was born,and he will not stop until he dies;still he does it without thinking about it.See how long you can hold your breath and be comfortable.In some places men dive in the ocean for pearls(珍珠).They pick up shells(贝壳)that hold the pearls,and the longer they stay under water the more pearls they can find.For this reason they hold their breath as long as they possibly can.Yet even these pearl divers cannot go without breathing for a long time.Watch to see how many times a man draws his breath every minute.Some men breathe fifteen times a minute;an elephant breathes only eight times.It was told that a mouse breathes a hundred and twenty times each minute.No one needs to tell us that what we breathe every minute every day is air.It is around us everywhere,like a wonderful ocean that we cannot see.It also stretches far above us and above the clouds.If you blow on your hand,you feel the air even though you cannot see it.So,too,when the wind blows,you do not see it,but you feel it rushing past.Our breathing takes oxygen out of the air.1.Which of the following is not true?A.A baby can breathe as perfectly as anybodyB.A baby can breathe without thinking about it.C.A wise man can’t breathe better than a baby.D.A baby breathes worse than old people.2.Pearl divers can hold their breath____.A.for a long timeB.as long as it is necessaryC.as long as they wantD.when they stay under water3.It is said that a mouse breathes______.A.two times each secondB.eight times each secondC.fifteen times each minuteD.fifty times each minute4.We cannot see air,______.A.and we cannot breathe itB.and we cannot feel it,eitherC.but we can feel itD.but we can touch it5.In the first paragraph,it reads“his hest rises and falls,then rises and falls again”,this means that the man _____.A.is ill.B.is going to dieC.is breathingD.is going to speak 参考答案：(十一)1-4:DDCCB(十二)1-4:DDACC。

(完整word版)北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析

Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%）Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably completethe sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet。

11． Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” for human being is a question thata wide solution.A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D。

seeks for12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control， it is sometimesa bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A．accustomed to split and dividedB．accustomed to splitting and dividingC．accustomed to split and dividingD．accustomed to splitting and divided13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value。

A。

at itself B。

as itself C。

on itself D。

in itself14． us earlier, your request to the full.A。

北京邮电大学考博英语真题每日一练阅读理解及其答案

北京邮电大学考博英语真题每日一练阅读理解及其答案北京邮电大学考博英语真题每日一练阅读理解及其答案As Gilbert White,Darwin,and others observed long ago,all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation.The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run.The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult:some populations remain roughly constant from year to year;others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity;still others vary wildly,with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather,and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns,one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups.These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have “density-dependent”growth parameters;that is,rates of birth, death,and migration which depend strongly on population density.The highly varying populations have“density-independent”growth parameters,with vital rates buffeted by environmental events;these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses,but it can cause problems if taken too literally.For one thing,no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time.No matter how severelyor unpredictably birth,death,and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages,if there were no density-dependent effects,the population would,in the long run,either increase or decrease without bound(barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly).Put another way,it may be that on average99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes,and only one percent from factors varying with density.The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant,and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine.Yet,whether recognized or not,they will usually determine the long-term average population density.In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation,we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the“signal”ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret,one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones,while the density-independent effects act to produce“noise”in the population dynamics.For populations that remain relatively constant, or that oscillate around repeated cycles,the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described,even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown.For irregularly fluctuating populations,we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixtureof density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu）1.The author of the text is primarily concerned with[A]discussing two categories of factors that control population growth and assessing their relative importance.[B]describing how growth rates in natural populations fluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur.[C]proposing a hypothesis concerning population size and suggesting ways to test it.[D]posing a fundamental question about environmental factors in population growth and presenting some currently accepted answer.2.It can be inferred from the text that the author considers the dichotomy discussed to be[A]applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations.[B]instrumental,but only if its limitations are recognized.[C]dangerously misleading in most circumstances.[D]a complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena.3.According to the text,all of the following behaviors have been exhibited by different populations EXCEPT[A]roughly constant population levels from year to year.[B]regular cycles of increases and decreases in numbers.[C]erratic increases in numbers correlated with the weather.[D]unchecked increases in numbers over many generations.4.The discussion concerning population in the third paragraph serves primarily to[A]demonstrate the difficulties ecologists face in studying density-dependent factors limiting population growth.[B]advocate more rigorous study of density-dependent factors in population growth.[C]prove that the death rates of any population are never entirely density-independent.[D]underline the importance of even small density-dependent factors in regulating long-term population densities.5.In the text,the author does all of the following EXCEPT[A]cite the views of other biologists.[B]define a basic problem that the text addresses.[C]present conceptual categories used by other biologists.[D]describe the results of a particular study.[答案与考点解析]ABDDD本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案15

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案15(三)It was wonderful up there.Ralph wanted to reach out and 1 a star,for they 2 so close.He could see the earth 3 smaller and smaller.The ship circled around a 4 star called Mars,and his space friends 5 Ralph understand that this was their home.He wanted to ask all kinds of 6,but 7 could answer him.There was nothing to eat or drink.These people had only 8 coloured pills which they ate 9 they were hungry.Soon it became 10 harder for Ralph to breathe than he 11 at first.He left 12 light that he could not even stand 13 his own feet.“If I could only have some water,”he 14,“and a ride back down to the earth!”The spacemen knew that it was 15 for Ralph to leave.He could not live up there 16 longer without special air and a suit like theirs.So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 17 enough for just one man.A door closed over his head and 18 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth 19 his own rocket ship.Suddenly he felt the rocket 20 down and then stop.He was back on the earth.1.A.get B.touch C.hit D.knock2.A.felt B.saw C.looked D.watched3.A.getting B.being C.going D.falling4.A.far B.long C.high rge5.A.told B.caused C.let D.made6.A.problems B.questions C.words D.phrases7.A.no one B.someone C.anyone D.everyone8.A.few B.a little C.little D.no9.A.where B.because C.if D.when10.A.very B.quite C.rather D.even11.A.felt B.seemed C.appeared D.looked12.A.very B.so C.as D.too13.A.by B.above C.in D.on14.A.hoped B.expected C.wished D.wanted15.A.day B.date C.time D.hour16.A.no B.any C.too D.very17.A.floor B.ground C.place D.room18.A.in B.after C.for D.before19.A.in B.by C.on D.from20.A.fly B.fall C.slow D.go(四)The people who lives in the far North are called Eskimos(爱斯基姆人).In the world 1 ice and snow it is 2 to grow plants for food.The Eskimos must hunt and fish 3 the whole year to 4 themselves and their families with food.In winter,they hunt the seal(海豹)5 the polar(极地的)bear.When they hunt the seal,they 6 a hole in the ice and try to 7 the seal when it comes up to breathe.In summer,the Eskimos hunt 8 animals,9 they also hunt birds and catch fish.10 that is useful is saved.The Eskimos use the 11 from animals for food.They melt(融化)the fat from their bodies and use the 12 as fuel(燃料).They make tools out of animals’bones.The skin and furs of animals are used for making clothing.If an Eskimo is 13 lucky,he may kill a whale(鲸鱼),14 a dead whale may wash up on the shore near his house.The whale is an especially useful animal,because it gives a great 15 of oil.There is 16 wood at all where the Eskimos live.Eskimos 17 all their wood from the sea.Sometimes floating wood from places farther south washes up on the shore.For transportation(运输),Eskimos 18 sleds(雪橇).The sleds are pulled across the ice and snow,or over the frozen ground,bydogs.Most Eskimo houses are 19 of stones.Instead of a door,there is a long,low tunnel(地道)20 into the house.People have to crawl(爬)through the tunnel in order to enter the house.1.A.in B.with C.of D.covered2.A.important B.impossible C.impolite D.interesting3.A.in B.during C.through D.over4.A.supply B.find C.look for D.give5.A.or B.and C.but D.with6.A.find B.cut C.beat D.strike7.A.kill B.beat C.hold D.catch8.A.another B.other C.others D.new9.A.so B.but C.and D.or10.A.Something B.Everything C.Anything D.Nothing11.A.meat B.blood C.bones D.skin12.A.fat B.liquid C.oil D.rest13.A.much B.often C.not D.very14.A.and B.or C.otherwise D.but15.A.many B.much C.number D.deal16.A.not B.no C.none D.little17.A.find B.have C.receive D.gete B.drive C.push D.pull19.A.built B.constructed C.made D.piled20.A.going ing C.leading D.winding 参考答案：(三)1-5:BCADD6-10:BACDD11-15:ABDCC16-20:BDAAC(四)1-5:CBBAB6-10:BABCB11-15:ACDBD16-20:BDACC。

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案20

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案20阅读理解(五)It was in Paris that Marie met and married Pierre Curie,a young scientist who had already won respect.Together they made their experiments in an old wooden house that was too cold and damp(潮湿的)for their health.They knew that some elements(元素)in the world gave off a strange power that could go through other objects.They found more of this power in some elements than in others,which made them believe that it must be a new element itself.Four years they tried experiments to separate this powerful new element.Then they found something which they called radium(镭).Its power was very much greater than the power contained(包含)in other elements.The Curies were given the Nobel Prize for their great discovery,but they were too ill to go to Stockholm themselves to receive it.They used the money for further experiments on the uses of radium.They found it could be used in treating diseases.Pierre died suddenly just after he had been offered a good post.Marie Curies was given the post.She thus became the first woman ever to teach there.She continued their work and made many more important discoveries.In 1911 she received another Nobel Prize.It is the only time in history that two Nobel Prizes have been given to the same person.1.Which of the following is not true?A.Marie married Pierre Curie in Paris.B.Marie had found radium before she got married.C.Pierre Curie had won respect before they married.D.Marie won respect too after they married.2.The Curies knew that ______.A.many elements gave off a strange powerB.all elements gave off the same quantity of this powerC.some elements gave off the same powerD.a strange power could go through other objects3.The Curies found out that ______.A.some elements gave off more of the strange powerB.the strange power wasn’t an element itselfC.radium didn’t contain more of this powerD.other elements contained more of this power4.The Curies were given the Nobel Prize,but they ____.A.didn’t accept itB.didn’t go to receive itC.couldn’t receive itD.refused to accept it5.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.the Curies made a fortune through their experiments.B.the Curies made a fortune because they got many prizes.C.Radium can give off a strong power.D.Radium can only be used to treat diseases.(六)While traveling in a foreign country,Mr.Jackson Frank was in need of money.He wrote to his brother at home,“Send me$500 by telegram to the Fisher Bank.”After a week he began visiting the bank.He showed his passport.“Nothing has come for you”,he was told.This went on for two weeks and Mr.Frank got very worried.In the fourth week Mr.Frank was sent to prison for failing to pay his hotel bill.He had to stay there for six weeks.When he came out,he went immediately to the Fisher Bank.There was a new clerk there.“Have you received$500 for me?My name is Jackson Frank.”he asked.The clerk checked his books.“Oh,yes.It came two monthsago.”He said and showed Mr.Frank the order.“But my name is Jackson Frank,not Frank Jackson.”“That’s all right.It was in our books under the letter J.”The clerk laughed.“A human mistake.We’re all human beings.And so we all make mistakes.”Mr.Frank was silent.Then he said,“A human mistake is what you call it?I think some humans need kicking.”1.From the beginning of the story we learn that Mr.Frank ________.A.loved to travelB.had a rich brotherC.did not have enough money with himD.had not been to that place before2.About how many weeks did it usually take for a letter to got to Frank’s hometown from where he was?A.One.B.Two.C.Six.D.Eight.3.Mr.Frank was put in prison because he________.A.kept asking the bank for moneyB.did not pay the hotel in timeC.kicked some people in his angerD.did not have his passport with him4.Why did it take so long for Mr.Frank to get the money?A.It was sent from a far away place.B.The order was placed under the wrong letter.C.The bank clerk was new and inexperienced.D.It took his brother some time to send it.5.At the end of the story Mr.Frank ______.A.was surprisedB.beat the bank clerkC.was angryD.joked about the mistake参考答案：(五)1-4:BDABC(六)1-5:CABBC。

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案28

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案28(二十)A pretty,well—dressed young lady stopped a taxi in a big square,and said to the driver,“Do you see that young man at the other side of the square?”“Yes,”said the taxi driver.The young man was standing outside a restaurant and looking impatiently(不耐烦地)at his watch every few seconds.“Take me over there,”said the young lady.There were a lot of cars and buses in the square,so the taxi dri ver asked,“Are you afraid to cross the street?”“Oh,no!”said the young lady.“But I promised that I would meet the young man for lunch at one o’clock,and it is now a quarter to two.If I arrive in a taxi,it will at least seems as if I had tried not to b e late.”1.How did the young woman get to the square?A.She arrived in a taxi.B.She drove there in a car.C.She got there by bus.D.The story doesn’t tell us.2.Why did the lady stop the taxi?A.Because she didn’t want to be late fo r her appointment(约会).B.Because she wanted to get out of the taxi.C.Because she wanted to go to the restaurant in it.D.Because she was afraid of walking across the street.3.The young man at the other side of the square_____.A.had probably been waiting for a long time.B.had some problem with his watch.C.was probably a waiter of the restaurant.D.was someone the young lady didn’t want to see.4.The young lady was_______.A.clever at making excuse.B.not late at all.C.45 minutes earlier.D.15 minutes late.5.Had she tried not to be late?A.Yes,she had tried her best.B.No,she was just pretending that she had tried.C.Yes,she had tried but she was still late.D.No,she thought being late was better than being early.(二十一)A very strict officer was talking to some new soldiers whom he had to train.He had never seen them before,so began,“My name is Stone,and I’m even harder than stone,so do what I tellyou or there’ll be trouble.Don’t try any tricks(诡计)with me,and then we’ll get on well together.”Then he went to each soldier one after the other and asked him his name,“Speak loudly so that everyone can hear you clearly,”he said,“and don’t forget to call me‘sir’.”Each soldier told him name,until he came to the last one.This man remained silent.and so Captain Stone shouted at him,“when I ask you a question,answer it!I’ll ask you again：What’s your name,soldier?”The soldier was very unhappy,but at last he repli ed,“My name’s Stonebreaker,sir,”he said nervously(紧张地).1.The officer was strict______.A.because the soldiers were new.B.with any of his soldiers,new or old.C.because he was named Stone.D.only when he was before soldiers.2.According to what the officer said,______.A.obeying his orders would sometimes bring no trouble.B.trouble would come if anybody made tricks.C.he always got on well with his soldiers.D.he often had trouble with his soldiers.3.The last soldier remained silent because_______.A.he didn’t like the way the officer spoke to them.B.he wanted to see what would happen if he disobeyed his order.C.the question was difficult for him to answer.D.he was afraid the officer would be angry when he heard his name.4.According to the officer,how to answer the question,“How old are you?”A.(sadly)Twenty,sir.B.(clearly)Twenty.C.(loudly)Twenty,sirD.(quickly)Ten years younger than you,sir5.Which is the best title(题目)for the passage?A.A Clever AnswerB.A Terrible AnswerC.A Sorry AnswerD.A Strange Answer参考答案：(二十)DCAAB(二十一)BBDCC。

北京邮电大学网络教育入学测试高起点英语模拟题及答案词汇3

北京邮电大学网络教育入学测试高起点英语模拟题及答案词汇3II．词汇与语法结构（3）在每小题的四个选项中，选出最佳的一项。

81. The poor old manthere on the ground. He down by a young man riding a bicycle.A. was lying, knockedB. lay ,was knockedC. is lying, has been knockedD. lies, is knocked82. Some people suggested that Mr.Whitein charge of the business while the manager was away.A. isB. beC. will beD. must be83. It’s suggested that she ______ a while before we makea decision.A. waitedB. waitC. waitsD. will wait84. ______ she will be given the job is still under discussion.A. AlthoughB. WhetherC. IfD. What85. I don’t remembersuch a chance before. We have been trying hard to get one, but couldn’t.A. to giveB. to have givenC. being givenD. having been given86. The policeman discovered a young womanin her car andblood stillout of the cut.A. killed, flowingB. killing, flownC. killed, flownD. killing, flowing87. They always considerthe assistant says to be unimportant. Now you see, they are wrong.A. thatB. whatC. thingsD. words88. When he was in his, he went to work on foot every day. It waswalk from his home.A. fifty, two hoursB. fifties, t wo hours’C. fiftieth, two hour’sD. fifties, two hours89. She expressed her thanksJim what he had doneher in the past two years.A. to, for, forB. for, to, toC. to, for, toD. for, to, for90. ______ white, the kitchen looks much better than before.A. PaintsB. PaintedC. PaintingD. To paint91. A pipeline will be built to ______ some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China.A. supplyB. sendC. sellD. offer92. When the taxi came I put out my hand, but it just went ______ me without stopping.A. offB.overC. throughD. past93. They ______ the train until it disappeared in the distance.A. sawB. watchedC. noticedD. observed94. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possi ble. Just have a little ______.A. waitB. timeC. patienceD. rest95. In this matter, I’m sorry that I have to side ______ you.A. atB. toC. againstD. with96. “Listen, Mary is singing in the room.”“That ______ be Mary. She is i n hospital.”A. may notB. shouldn’tC. wouldn’tD. can’t97. ______ she didn’t like the teacher, she shouldn’t have stayed away from the class.A. BecauseB. HoweverC. Even ifD. As98. You’ll fail in the driving test ______ you have more practice.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. after99. In those years the cost of living _____ by nearly 4 percent.A. went upB. grew upC. got upD. stood up100. They couldn’t ____ what the teacher was trying to explain.A. knowB. graspC. holdD. think101. He stopped in the doorway and ____ a final look before he went out.A. gotB. tookC. gaveD. offered102. It ____ him all his life to write this new history of new world.A. paidB. spentC. tookD. needed103. We decided to ____ the meeting until the rain stops.A. put offB. put forwardC. put awayD. put down104. Ihaven’tgot his letter at hand. But Iwill ____ it to you later.A. writeB. tellC. showD. hand105. The young soldier____ to be allowed to return to his hometown.A. askedB. requiredC. commandedD. ordered106. He was ____ to have had the chance of studying music here.A. youngB. hopefulC. eagerD. lucky107. Ihave failed in the entrance examination, ____ Ishall try again.A. andB. thoughC. althoughD. but108. What was there to be ____? Nothing at all. It is quite bright outside now.A. afraid ofB. angry withC. ready forD. surprised at109. They had been walking all the day on foot, ____madethem very tired.A. andB. soC. thatD. which110. What ____ exciting piece of news it is! ___ news will inspire everybody.A. a; AB. the; TheC. an; TheD. the; An111. We were thirsty then and wanted some coffee, but there was ___ left there.A. noB. noneC. no oneD. not one112. He has five daughters, but___ was willing to nurse the sick old man.A. eitherB. noneC. neitherD. no113. We had expected to see___ foreign visitors there, but didn’tsee____.A. any; someB. any; anyC. some; someD. some; any114. In the city there are about___ people who have got___ of pounds in the bank.A. hundreds; thousandsB. a hundred; a thousandC. a hundred; thousandsD. hundreds; a thousand115. He sings ____ now than he did before as his throat has started to ache___.A. badly; badlyB. worse; worseC. badly; worseD. worse; badly116. “Listen, Tom is reading aloud in the room.”“That___ be Tom. He has left here.”A. may notB. shouldn’tC. wouldn’tD. can’t117. He often ___ trips to Europe in his childhood, but seldom___ there now.A. made; goesB. makes; wentC. made; wentD. makes; goes118. I ___ the man by last summer, but ___ him a few times since then.A. hadn’tseen; have seenB. haven’tseen; had seenC. hadn’tseen; sawD. didn’tseen; saw119. The judge ordered that the prisoner____ free for he was not guilty at all.A. is setB. was setC. will be setD. be set120. I insist that we ______ here at once.A. will leaveB. leaveC. must leaveD. ought to leave答案：81-85:CBBBD86-90:ABBAB91-95:ADBCC96-100:DCBAB101-105: BCACA106-110: DDADC111-115: BBDCD116-120: DAADB远程院校2018年秋季院校校历2018年12月各院校网络教育统考时间汇总2019年各院校网络教育报名时间。

北外考博试题

北外考博试题题目一：1. 阅读理解Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions based on what you have read.China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was introduced in 2013 by President Xi Jinping, aiming to enhance connectivity, trade, and cooperation between China and countries along the ancient Silk Road routes. The BRI has received both praise and criticism from various scholars and experts.One of the benefits of the BRI is the potential for economic development and poverty reduction. By investing in infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, and ports, China can help improve transportation networks in partner countries. This will not only facilitate the movement of goods and services but also stimulate economic growth and create job opportunities. Many countries along the BRI routes have indeed experienced positive impacts, with increased trade volume and improved living conditions.Another advantage of the BRI is cultural exchange and people-to-people connectivity. As the BRI promotes cooperation in various fields, including education, tourism, and cultural exchanges, it allows for a deeper understanding and appreciation of different cultures. This can contribute to the promotion of mutual respect, understanding, and peace among nations.However, the BRI also faces challenges and criticisms. One of the concerns raised is the debt trap phenomenon. Some argue that China'sextensive lending to partner countries for infrastructure projects may result in unsustainable debt burdens, especially for poorer nations. This financial burden could hinder their long-term development and sovereignty.Additionally, there are concerns regarding environmental sustainability. The construction of large-scale infrastructure projects under the BRI may have adverse effects on the environment, such as deforestation, habitat destruction, and pollution. It is crucial for China and partner countries to work together to ensure environmentally friendly practices are implemented throughout the projects.In conclusion, the Belt and Road Initiative has the potential to bring about significant economic development, cultural exchange, and connectivity benefits. However, it is essential to address the challenges and criticisms to ensure the long-term sustainability and positive impacts of the initiative.1. According to the passage, what is the main goal of China's Belt and Road Initiative?2. List two benefits of the Belt and Road Initiative.3. What are two concerns or criticisms regarding the initiative?题目二：2. 短文改错Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved.Read the passage carefully and identify the error in each line. If the line contains no error, write "Correct" in the corresponding space.When I was a child, I often visited my grandfather's shop in the town. It was a little, old shop with full of interesting things. There were old books, strange toys, and even some clocks, which were really old and valuable. I used to spend hours to look at each item carefully, imagining the stories behind them. My grandfather would tell me about the histories of some of the items. It was like being in a time capsule, and I loved the atmosphere of the shop. I wish I could back in time to experience it again. While the shop no longer exist, the memories they've left me will always remain.题目三：3. 议论文Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay on the given topic. You should present your ideas logically and coherently, providing arguments and examples to support your points.Title: The Influence of Social Media on Interpersonal RelationshipsOutline:I. IntroductionA. Briefly introduce the prevalence of social media in today's societyB. State the importance of interpersonal relationshipsII. Advantages of social media on interpersonal relationshipsA. Increased connectivity and communicationB. Facilitation of long-distance relationshipsC. Opportunities for networking and expanding social circlesIII. Disadvantages of social media on interpersonal relationshipsA. Distraction and decreased face-to-face interactionB. Privacy concerns and the "highlight reel" effectC. Misunderstandings and conflicts due to online communicationIV. Recommendations for maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships in the era of social mediaA. Prioritize face-to-face interaction and quality timeB. Use social media mindfully and with moderationC. Foster open and honest communicationV. ConclusionA. Summarize the main points discussed in the essayB. Emphasize the importance of balancing social media use with maintaining meaningful relationships.题目四：4. 实验报告Directions: The following experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of caffeine on short-term memory. Read the report and answer the questions that follow.Title: The Effects of Caffeine on Short-term MemoryIntroduction: This experiment aimed to examine the impact of caffeine on short-term memory performance. Previous studies have indicated that caffeine has both positive and negative effects on cognitive functions, including memory. However, the specific effects on short-term memory have not been extensively researched.Method:1. Participants: 50 healthy adult volunteers (25 males, 25 females) aged between 20-30 years were randomly assigned to two groups.2. Group 1: The experimental group received a caffeine pill containing 200mg of caffeine.3. Group 2: The control group received a placebo pill containing no caffeine.4. Procedure: Participants were instructed to take the pill one hour before the memory test. The memory test consisted of recalling a list of 20 words immediately after presentation.5. Results: The results were recorded as the number of correctly recalled words out of 20.Results:1. Experimental group: The mean number of correctly recalled words was 15.2.2. Control group: The mean number of correctly recalled words was 14.5.Discussion: The findings suggest that caffeine consumption may slightly enhance short-term memory performance. Although the difference between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant, the experimental group showed a slightly higher mean number of correctly recalled words. Further research with a larger sample size and different memory tasks is recommended to obtain more conclusive results.Conclusion: This experiment provides initial insights into the effects of caffeine on short-term memory but requires further investigation for more comprehensive understanding.Questions:1. What was the goal of the experiment?2. How many participants were in the control group?3. What were the mean numbers of correctly recalled words in the experimental and control groups?4. What is the suggested future direction for research based on the results?5. Write a brief conclusion summarizing the experiment's findings.。

2023北京大学考博英语模拟题2(考卷附答案)

2012北京大学考博英语模拟题2（考卷）一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed ten questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:To protect online privacy, individuals should takecertain measures. Firstly, they should use strong passwords and change them regularly. Secondly, they should be cautious about sharing personal information on social media. Thirdly, it is important to keep software and antivirus programs updated to prevent hacking.1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A) The Internet is a powerful tool.B) The Internet has negative effects.C) The Internet connects people.2. Which of the following is NOT a negative effect of the Internet?A) Invasion of privacyB) Financial lossesC) StalkingD) Sharing information3. What is the consequence of identity theft?A) Financial lossesB) Damage to reputationC) StalkingD) All of the above4. Which of the following measures can protect online privacy?A) Using weak passwordsB) Sharing personal information on social mediaC) Keeping software updated5. Who should be responsible for protecting users' privacy?A) IndividualsC) HackersD) Social media platformsPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. It refers to significant changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other measuresof climate that occur over several decades or longer. Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have contributed to the acceleration of climate change.To mitigate the effects of climate change, it is crucial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One effective way is to transition to renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. Governments should also implement policies to promote energy conservation and sustainable transportation.6. What is the main cause of climate change?A) Natural disastersB) Human activitiesC) Solar radiationD) Wind patterns7. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?A) HeatwavesB) HurricanesC) DroughtsD) All of the above8. What is the solution to mitigate climate change?A) Burning more fossil fuelsB) Transitioning to renewable energyC) Promoting deforestationD) Using more plastic9. Why is international cooperation important in addressing climate change?A) To share technology and resourcesB) To promote economic growthC) To increase greenhouse gas emissionsD) To ignore the issueA) Energy conservationB) Sustainable transportationC) DeforestationD) Transitioning to renewable energySection BDirections: In this section, there is one passage followed five questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a一、阅读理解答案Section A1. B2. D3. D4. C5. B6. B7. D8. B9. A10. CSection B（因题目未给出，故无法提供答案）1. 理论基础部分知识点分类（1）互联网隐私权（2）气候变化及其影响（3）可再生能源与可持续发展2. 各题型所考察学生的知识点详解及示例（1）细节理解题（如第1、3、4题）考察学生对文章细节信息的捕捉能力。

北京邮电大学入学测试机考模拟题及答案-高起点-英语

北京邮电大学入学测试机考高起点英语模拟题1、Would you like a cup of coffee, _____________ shall we get to business right away?（2）（）A．andB．thenC．orD．otherwise标准答案：C2、His offer was ____________ again（2）（）A．taken downB．turned offC．taken offD．turned down标准答案：D3、The room needs ____________ before we move in.（2）（）A．cleanedB．cleaningC．being cleanedD．to clean标准答案：B4、He shouted to them ___________ the top of his voice but wasn’t heard.（2）（）A．onB．ofC．atD．from标准答案：C5、You can take ____________ of these two magazines as you please.（2）（）A．any oneB．anyC．eitherD．all标准答案：C6、You seldom eat a fruit like this, ___________ you?（2）（）A．doB．don’tC．areD．aren’t标准答案：A7、Equal pay for equal work is what women have been ___________ for centuries.（2）（）A．referring toB．looking afterC．making upD．longing for标准答案：D8、______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.11. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.（2）（）A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It标准答案：D9、It was not _______ she took off her sunglasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.（2）（）A．when,thatB．until,thatC．until,whenD．when,then标准答案：B10、Today there are about seven ______ Americans in colleges and universities（2）（）A．millionsB．millionC．millions ofD．million of标准答案：B11、I arrived ____ Shanghai _____ February 10 ____ 9:00 o’clock.（2）（）A．at,at,inB．at,on,atC．in,on,atD．in,in,on标准答案：B12、He was only in _______ at that time.（2）（）A．his 30’sB．the 30’sC．his thirtiesD．the thirties标准答案：C13、He took the machine to pieces to find out how it ________.（2）（）A．progressedB．operatedC．equippedD．managed标准答案：B14、Class is to begin in a minute, but the teacher still hasn’t _________.（2）（）A．come onB．turned outC．come alongD．turned up标准答案：D15、I always regret not ______ harder when I was young.（2）（）A．studyingB．having studiedC．to studyD．to have studied标准答案：B16、You don’t have to pay for your flight; they’re _______ in the price of your holiday.（2）（）A．concludedB．heldC．settledD．included标准答案：D17、She pretended ________ me when I passed by.（2）（）A．not to seeB．not to be seeingC．to not seeD．having not seen标准答案：A18、Last summer I took a course on _________.（2）（）A．how dresses to be madeB．how dresses be madeC．how to make dressesD．how to be made dresses标准答案：C19、You will never pass the examination _______ you _______ harder（2）（）A．unless,don’t studyB．unless,studyC．if,studyD．if,not study标准答案：B20、Though ______ he said was of little help to me, I thanked him all the same（2）（）A．whatB．whichC．thatD．who标准答案：A21、You’d better speak slowly _______ she may understand you better（2）（）A．becauseB．forC．so thatD．if标准答案：C22、She will have her father ______ her watch.（2）（）A．repairB．to repairC．repairedD．to be repaired标准答案：A23、So difficult _______ that I can not complete it in such a short time.（2）（）A．the work isB．the work areC．is the workD．are the work24、Hello, may I speak to Dr. Bush?___________.（2）（）A．Yes, I’m BushB．Yes, it’s me.C．Here is BushD．Speaking.标准答案：D25、Of the two new teachers, who do you like _______?（2）（）A．muchB．betterC．wellD．the most标准答案：B26、They started off at about 5 o’clock in the morning. They should _______ there by now（2）（）A．arriveB．have arrivedC．be arrivingD．have been arriving.标准答案：B27、When did you _________ my letter?（2）（）A．receiveB．acceptC．gotD．gain标准答案：A28、It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______ be here at any moment（2）（）A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can标准答案：A29、The speaker raised his _______ in order to be heard by the people at the back（2）（）A．voiceB．cryC．soundD．noise30、Write down these words.Yes, but I have no _____ to write on.（2）（）A．penB．papersC．paperD．time标准答案：C31、Here’s my card. Let’s keep in _____.（2）（）A．touchB．relationC．connectionD．friendship标准答案：A32、______ the teacher’s suggestion, Tom finally found a way to settle the problem（2）（）A．FollowingB．To followC．FollowD．He followed标准答案：A33、Her dog ran out of the yard ______ the old lady opened the gate.（2）（）A．momentB．a momentC．the momentD．that moment标准答案：C34、Have you even been to the square ______ was built last year?（2）（）A．whichB．whereC．whenD．what标准答案：A35、In this park, birds often fly down from trees to eat from visitor’s hands. They are used to ______ in this way.（2）（）A．be fedB．feedC．having fedD．being fed标准答案：D36、It’s such a big room. If you don’t speak loud, you’ll never make yourself ________.（2）（）A．hearB．hearingC．to hearD．heard标准答案：D37、Mr. Wang will _______ you at the airport tomorrow morning. Please tell me your flight number.（2）（）A．meetB．lookC．seeD．welcome标准答案：A38、When the meeting was held, many reporters were sent to _______ it.（2）（）A．discussB．coverC．talkD．say标准答案：B39、–How long did it ________ you to write this novel?-- About two years.（2）（）A．makeB．spendC．costD．take标准答案：D40、I’ve cut it into two pieces. You can take _______ half. They’re exactly the same.（2）（）A．thisB．anyC．everyD．either标准答案：D41、When you phoned me yesterday evening, I _______ the housework and was starting to takea bath.（2）（）A．had just finishedB．was finishingC．have already finishedD．was going to finish标准答案：A42、When his parents died, he ______ by his aunt.（2）（）A．brought upB．was brought upC．picked upD．was picked up标准答案：B43、China is _______ the Great Wall.（2）（）A．famous asB．known toC．known asD．famous for标准答案：D44、The sum of money I have already had is not ________ enough at all for the price of the machine that I want to buy.（2）（）A．almostB．mostlyC．nearlyD．near标准答案：C45、I doubt whether I will come to his speech next time. It couldn’t have been ________ in fact.（2）（）A．any moreB．so badC．any betterD．the best标准答案：A46、Was it ________ the conference of APEC that made Shanghai the focus of the would then?（2）（）A．holdingB．to holdC．heldD．having held标准答案：A47、The novel is worthy of _________.（2）（）A．readingB．readC．having readD．being read标准答案：D48、It is very kind ______ see me.（2）（）A．from you toB．by you toC．of you toD．you标准答案：C49、It looks ___________it’s going to rain.（2）（）A．thatB．asC．as ifD．like标准答案：C50、The stone was so heavy that it was difficult for the old man to____ it.（2）（）A．liftB．reachC．riseD．touch标准答案：A51、They lives ______ the other side of the road. .（2）（）A．inB．onC．forD．by标准答案：B52、She can speak Japanese better than _________ else .（2）（）A．the oneB．no oneC．anyoneD．another标准答案：C53、This lesson is _______ than the last one.（2）（）A．more easierB．more easyC．very easierD．much easier标准答案：D54、Today’sweather isn’t as cold as it was yesterday ,_________?（2）（）A．wasn’t itB．is itC．was itD．isn’t it标准答案：B55、This book is for students ________ native language is not English .（2）（）A．of whomB．thatC．whichD．whose标准答案：D56、You may not go out _________your work is done .（2）（）A．beforeB．untilC．whereD．as标准答案：B57、Look what my father ________ me when he came from work .（2）（）A．broughtB．tookC．carriedD．fetched标准答案：A58、Nobody knew ___________ there .（2）（）A．how long time l had beenB．how long had l beenC．how long time had l beenD．how long l had been标准答案：D59、The harder he studies , ___________.（2）（）A．he’ll make great progressB．the greater progress he”ll makeC．he’ll make greater progressD．the greater he’ll make progress标准答案：B60、___________ , l would have gone to see him.（2）（）A．Have l had timeB．Had l timeC．Had l had timeD．Would l have time标准答案：C61、He didn’t go to France , the doctor suggested that he ______ there .（2）（）A．won’tB．not goC．not to goD．didn’t go标准答案：B62、She whispered to her husband, ________ she wouldn’t wake up the sleeping baby.（2）（）A．forB．abutC．so thatD．although标准答案：C63、Today, most of the families use gas to cook _______ coal, even in the countryside.（2）（）A．insteadB．instead ofC．take the place ofD．in the place of标准答案：B64、–What would you like to order, maybe _______ tea?-- No, thank you! What is _______ special today?（2）（）A．a,theB．the,aC．the,theD．/, /标准答案：A65、I have _______ ink, so I have to go to the office to get some.（2）（）A．littleB．fewC．a littleD．a few标准答案：A66、The fact that all the stars are moving around the sun was first put forward around 500 years age, _______?（2）（）A．did theyB．didn’t theyC．aren’t itD．wasn’t it标准答案：D67、Her father _______ ill yesterday and is now in hospital.（2）（）A．tookB．setC．caughtD．fell标准答案：C68、–Mary doesn’t like skating, does she?-- _______, but she used to.（2）（）A．Yes, she doesB．Yes, she doesn’tC．No, she doesD．No, she doesn’t标准答案：D69、Ten dollars _______ a lot of money to me at that time.（2）（）A．wereB．wasC．isD．are标准答案：B70、With the development of Internet, _______ communication is done by regular mail.（2）（）A．littleB．muchC．moreD．less标准答案：A71、The last time I her, she at a medical college.（2）（）A．was visiting,studiedB．visited,studiesC．visited,was studyingD．was visiting,was studying标准答案：C72、______ on the project for 10 years, he still felt it hard to make any achievements.（2）（）A．He worksB．Having workedC．He having workedD．Working标准答案：B73、–You look very beautiful in that red dress.-- ______.（2）（）A．No, not that beautifulB．Thank you. I’m glad you think soC．That’s not trueD．Sorry, you’re wrong标准答案：B74、How strange it is ________ the children are so quiet!（2）（）A．whetherB．howC．thatD．why标准答案：C75、–I’m sorry that I’ve broken your radio.-- ______. I have got another one in my office.（2）（）A．I don’t careB．It doesn’t matterC．It’s nothingD．I’m unlucky today标准答案：B76、Come on, I want to tell you a secret now. But you must _______ it from other people.（2）（）A．remainB．see toD．prevent标准答案：B77、–Have you known each other for long?--Not very long, _______ we started to work in the company.（2）（）A．afterB．beforeC．whenD．since标准答案：D78、You didn’t understand what I said, for you _______ to me just now.（2）（）A．wouldn’t listenB．weren’t listeningC．hadn’t listenD．haven’t listened标准答案：B79、Health experts in many countries still _______ their ideas about the relationships between our food and our health.（2）（）A．have testedB．testedC．are testingD．test标准答案：C80、–Jane wasn’t in when Jack came, was she?--_______, but she returned a few minutes later.（2）（）A．No, she wasB．No, she wasn’tC．yes. She wasD．Yes, she wasn’t标准答案：B81、Readers can _______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.（2）（）A．get overB．get inC．get alongD．get through82、Hardly _______ the door when he rushed into the office out of breath.（2）（）A．I openedB．did I openC．I had openedD．had I opened标准答案：D83、When we saw his face , we knew _________ was bad .（2）（）A．the newsB．some newsC．a newsD．news标准答案：A84、The number of students in our school _________.（2）（）A．increasedB．is increasedC．has increasedD．are increased标准答案：C85、____________your step , or you might fall into the water .（2）（）A．SeeB．WatchC．MissD．Look at标准答案：B86、The meeting _________________ .（2）（）A．is to put offB．is going to put offC．is to be put offD．will put标准答案：C87、–The sea is very rough today.–C57 Yes, I’ve never seen __________ before. .（2）（）A．such rough seaB．such a rough seaC．so rough seaD．that rough sea88、–She’s broken her arm again .–Again ? I _____ she ________ever broken it before .（2）（）A．don’t know,hasB．didn’t know,hadC．rdidn’t know,hasD．hadn’t known,would标准答案：B89、–Has the wallet been returned yet ?–No , but we expect _________ any day now .（2）（）A．to return itB．it to returnC．it to be returnedD．it returned标准答案：C90、–I’ve been told to pay the rent .–But it has already been paid . It __________ by some else .（2）（）A．must beB．may beC．must be paidD．must have been paid标准答案：D91、Montreal is larger than ______________in Canada .（2）（）A．any cityB．any citiesC．any other citiesD．any other city标准答案：D92、Human’s brains are larger in proportion to their bodies than ________ .（2）（）A．whalesB．a whaleC．that of whalesD．those of whales标准答案：D93、Before writing your article , _________ , collect your material , and prepare an outline .（2）（）A．a topic should be selectedB．a topic to be selectedC．your topic should be selectedD．you should select a topic标准答案：D94、–I usually travel by train .–Why not _________ by plane for a change ?（2）（）A．to try goingB．trying to goC．to try and goD．try going标准答案：D95、The boy lay in the street , his eyes ________ and his hands _______ .（2）（）A．closing,tremblingB．closed,trembledC．closing,trembledD．closed,trembling标准答案：D96、He _________ here for 20 years by the end of next month .（2）（）A．had workedB．has workedC．will have workedD．will work标准答案：C97、I’ll do _________the doctor advised .（2）（）A．asB．likeC．thatD．all what标准答案：A98、–Did we have to wait for Tom ?–Well , _________very angry if we hadn’t waited for h im .（2）（）A．he’d have beenB．he wereC．he had beenD．he must be标准答案：A99、Why do you insist on _________ .（2）（）A．this to be doneB．this doneC．this being doneD．this is done标准答案：C100、We looked everywhere for the ____________ .（2）（）A．missing watchB．missed watchC．watch being missedD．watch that lost标准答案：A。

北京邮电大学2009年考博英语7选5(填空式阅读)真题解析-育明考博

北京邮电大学2009年考博英语7选5(填空式阅读)真题解析Directions:Directions:In the following text,some sentences have beenremoved.For Questions(41-45),choose the most suitable one from thelist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extrachoices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biologicalevolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the1860s,British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theoryof biological and cultural evolution.Spencer argued that all worldlyphenomena,including human societies,changed over time,advancingtoward perfection.41.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introducedanother theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.Morgan,alongwith Taylor,was one of the founders of modern anthropology.In hiswork,he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed togetherin the evolution of societies.42.In the early1900s in North America,German?born Americananthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known ashistorical particularism.Historical particularism,which Geng duoyuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xundian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures,gave new direction to anthropology.43.Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology,largely through the influence of many students of Boas.But a number of anthropologists in the early1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that,according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures.45.Also in the early1900s,French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology.Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity.An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture-known as functionalism-became a major theme in European,and especially British,anthropology.[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions,had a single origin and passed from society to society.This theory was known as diffusionism.[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible,Boas became skilled in linguistics,the study of languages, and in physical anthropology,the study of human biology and anatomy.[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a strugglehe called the"survival of the fittest,"in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger,more advanced races and societies.[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's social structure,such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.[E]Thus,in his view,diverse aspects of culture,such as the structure of families,forms of marriage,categories of kinship, ownership of property,forms of government,technology,and systems of food production,all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G]For example,British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J.Perry incorrectly suggested,on the basis of inadequate information,that farming,pottery making,and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world.In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.答案详解41.【解析】[C]本题可以使用词汇复现法。

2020年北邮博士入学考试英语试卷a-上半场

北京邮电大学2020年博士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：1101英语请考生注意：所有答案（包括选择题和填空题）一律写在答题纸（ANSWER SHEET）上，否则不计成绩。

PAPER ONE试卷一Part I Translation and Editing (15%)Directions:Read the following paragraphs carefully and translate the underlined parts into fluent and idiomatic Chinese.Life is a vector requiring both force and direction. The pursuit of happiness sets the direction, but feeling joy provides the daily confirmation that we are doing exactly what we should be doing, for the company and for the teammates who energize our efforts. (1) Crafting business cultures that more consistently engender such experiences can create a much stronger sense of personal interconnection, shared purpose, and heartfelt pride across the organization.However, research findings also point to a pronounced “joy gap” at work. Nearly 90% of respondents said that they expect to experience a substantial degree of joy at work, yet only 37% report that such is their actual experience. Nor is this joy gap confined to any particular generational cohort.Business leaders tend to think a great deal about success, but rarely about joy.(2) Chances are, few are even aware of the joy gap in their organization and the resulting lack of interpersonal connection and team aspiration. That must change.Here are some specific steps leaders can take to increase joy at work:Set the agenda. Make the experience of joy an explicit corporate purpose. (3) Strengthen your inclusion agenda to incorporate meaningful efforts towardensuring all employees feel heard, recognized, and acknowledged. Fund mental health benefits for all employees.Set the stage. Staff your new digital/culture programs with true cross-unit, cross-silo teams, where joint teamwork delivers maximum impact, shared success, and fun.Set the tone. Encourage and celebrate individual and corporate social impact efforts. (4) Authentically express more of the joy you personally experience in your role. Joy begets joy. In my firm, I have emphasized the need to joyfully “dial up” the culture with a sustained empha sis on diversity, inclusion, apprenticeship, and personal day-to-day leadership.Joy can pack as much practical punch as technology if we allow it to. Both are required to maintain the cohesion that helps large organizations nimbly communicate and adapt to unprecedented challenges. (5) Technology provides the infrastructure for connectivity, but the foundation must be a culture dedicated to the human experience of harmony, impact, and acknowledgment. In sum, joy.Part II Listening Comprehension (25%)Section 1 Questions 1-5Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D, and write the corresponding letter in the proper space on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The tutor thinks that Sandra's proposal[A]needs a contents page.[B]ought to include more information.[C]should be re-ordered in some parts.[D]needs little revision.2.The proposal would be easier to follow if Sandra[A]used more paragraphs.[B]inserted subheadings [C]included fewer citations.[D]shortened her sentences3.What was the problem with the formatting on Sandra's proposal?[A]The headings were not always clear.[B]Capitalization was not used properly.[C]Separate points were not clearly identified.[D]Page numbering was not used in an appropriate way.4.Sandra became interested in visiting the Navajo National Park through[A]articles she read.[B]lectures she attended.[C]movies she saw as a child.[D]photographs she found on the internet.5.Which topics does Sandra agree to include in the proposal?[A]Climate change[B]Plant and animal life [C]Impact of tourism[D]Myths and legendsSection 2 Questions 6-10Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D, and write the corresponding letter in the proper space on the ANSWER SHEET.6.In which ways is Dan financing his course?[A]The college is giving him a small grant.[B]He is receiving money from the government.[C]His local council is providing partial funding.[D]A former employer and his family are supporting him.7.Why does Jeannie decide to leave some college clubs?[A]She is not sufficiently challenged.[B]The activity is demanding physically.[C]The activity interferes with her studies.[D]She does not think she is any good at the activity.8.What does Dan say about the seminars on the course?[A]The seminars make him feel inferior to the other students.[B]The other students do not give him a chance to speak.[C]The preparation takes too much time.[D]They should have more seminars.9.What does Jeannie say about the tutorials on the course?[A]They are not as effective as reading a book.[B]They are helping her to develop her study skills.[C]They are an inefficient way of providing guidance.[D]They are more challenging than she had expected.10.Which is not included in Jennie’s advice on exam preparation?[A]Work out the priorities for revision.[B]Make a timetable and keep it in view[C]Divide revision into small tasks for each day.[D]Get hold of the exam answers to the past papers.Section 3 Questions 11-20Research on Questions about DoctorsQuestions 11-16Choose the correct letter, A, B or C, and mark it on the ANSWER SHEET.11.In order to set up her research program, Shona got[A]help from students in other countries.[B]advice from personal friends in other countries.[C]information from her tutor’s contacts in other countries.12.What types of people were included in the research?[A]men who were working.[B]young people in their first job.[C]women who were unemployed.13.Shona says that in her questionnaire her aim was[A]to limit people’s responses.[B]to get a wide range of data.[C]to guide people through interviews.14. What do Shona’s initial results show about medical services in Britain?[A]Financial issues are critical to the government.[B]Reforms within hospitals have been unsuccessful.[C]Current concerns are misrepresented by the press.15. Shona needs to do further research in order to[A]identify the preferences of the public.[B]decide the level of extra funding needed.[C]present the government with her findings.16. Shona has learnt from the research project that[A]colleagues do not always agree.[B]it is important to plan projects carefully.[C]people do not like answering questions.Questions 17-20Which statement applies to each of the following people who were interviewed by Shona? Choose the answer to questions 17-20 from the list below and mark the corresponding letter (A-D) on the ANSWER SHEET.A decided to stop participatingB was worried about confidentialityC refused to tell Shona about her jobD kept changing mind about participatingPeople interviewed by Shona17. a person interviewed in the street ……….18. an undergraduate at the university ……….19. a colleague in her department ……….20. a tutor in a foreign university ……….Section 4 Questions 21-30Trying to repeat successQuestions 21-26Choose the correct letter, A, B or C, and mark it on the ANSWER SHEET.pared to introducing new business processes, attempts to copyexisting processes are[A]more frequent.[B]more attractive.[C]more straightforward.22.Most research into the repetition of success in business has[A]produced consistent findings.[B]related to only a few contexts.[C]been done outside the United States.23.What does the speaker say about consulting experts?[A]Too few managers ever do it.[B]It can be useful in certain circumstances.[C]Experts are sometimes unwilling to give advice.24.An expert’s knowledge about a business s ystem may be incompletebecause[A]details are sometimes altered by workers.[B]workers choose not to mention certain details.[C]some details are difficult for workers to explain.25.What mistakes can occur when a manager starts to replicate a successfulprocess?[A]repeating the best practices[B]setting up a duplicate system[C]improving and creating an ideal system26.Which of the following, according to the speaker can cause problemswith repeating success?[A]poor planning[B]information overload[C]overlooked disadvantagesQuestions 27-30Given below are some statements about the solution to the problems in repeating success. Decide whether each statement in Questions 27-30 is true or false, and mark T for True, and F for False on the ANSWER SHEET.27.First of all, a manager needs to recognize the difficulty of the task.28.Secondly, managers should impose rigorous controls on theorganizational and operational systems.29.Thirdly, copying success means not merely duplicating the physicalconditions of the factory, but also motivating employees to excel.30.In the process of success replication, managers should be more realisticand cautious.Part III Cloze (10%)Directions:In this part, you are going to read a passage with 20 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. you should choose the one that best fits into the passage.People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 31 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 32 factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big 33 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 34 , he theorized that a judge 35 of appearing too soft 36 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 37 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 38 this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 39 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 40 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was 41 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 42 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 43 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 44 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 45 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is 46 out of 800 points, to make decisions on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points (or more) higher than that of the one 47 that, then the score for the next applicant would 48 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 49 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 50 .31 [A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers32 [A] minor [B] external [C] crucial [D] objective33 [A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment34 [A] Above all [B] On average [C] In principle [D] For example35 [A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless36 [A] in [B] for [C] to [D] on37 [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless38 [A] test [B] emphasize [C] share [D] promote39 [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success40 [A] found [B] studied [C] chosen [D] identified41 [A] otherwise [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] exceptional42 [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured43 [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged44 [A] put [B] got [C] took [D] gave45 [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather46 [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced47 [A] below [B] after [C] above [D] before48 [A] jump [B] float [C] fluctuate [D] drop49 [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard50 [A] necessary [B] possible [C] promising [D] helpful以上为试卷一。

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育专升本英语入学测试模拟题及答案9

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育专升本英语入学测试模拟题及答案9第三部分：完型填空(十)The simplest way of putting an idea down on paper is to draw a picture. That was__1__ men first began to write, six thousand years ago or more. All __2__ scripts (文字) have been developed from picture-writing of __3__ sort. The English alphabet we now use __4__ to us over a long period of time from the __5__ of ancient Egypt.Picture-writing, called hieroglyphics (象形文字), could be used to express __6__ as well as objects. __7__, a drawing of a man would ___8__ the object “man”. While __9___ of a man lying on the ground __10__ a spear in him would mean the idea “death”. Later, some drawings came to stand for sounds as well. __11__ in Egyptian hieroglyphics the __12__ of a house stood ___13__ for the object “house” and for the sound “pr”, __14__ in spok en Egyptian meant “house”.___15___ the Egyptians, the Chinese and the American Indians also developed their own kinds of picture-writing.However, with picture-writing, only __16__ much could be said. Much more __17__ to be left unsaid. It would have ___18__ hundreds of thousands of pictures to express ___19__ people wanted to express __20__ a person could ever hope to learn in a lifetime.1. A. when B. why C. what D. how2. A. ancient B. modern C. past D. future3. A. every B. another C. some D. any4. A. comes B. was coming C. came D. has come5. A. art B. picture-writing C. buildings D. picture-drawing6. A. ideas B. stories C. subjects D. things7. A. At least B. By the way C. Indeed D. For example8. A. mean B. show C. take D. have9. A. that B. body C. sight D. such10. A. with B. taking C. without D. striking11. A. However B. Although C. Thus D. Even12. A. building B. drawing C. idea D. plan13. A. both B. either C. also D. only14. A. what B. which C. as D. so15. A. Together with B. Except C. Such as D. Besides16. A. not B. very C. so D. too17. A. was B. had C. happened D. supposed18. A. drawn B. used C. done D. taken19. A. those B. other C. all that D. many20. A. just enough for B. many more thanC. much less thanD. as much as(十一)He has been called the “missing link.” Half-man, half-beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world---Mount Everest. He is known as the Abominable Snowman. The 1 of the Snowman has been around for 2. Climbers in the 1920s reported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of Mount Everest. The native people said they 3 this creature and called it the “Yeti,” an d they said that they had 4 caught Yetis on two occasions 5 none has ever been produced as evidence.Over the years, the story of the Yetis has 6 In 1951, Eric Shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest. Shipton believed that they were not 7 the tracks of a monkey or bear and 8 that the Abominable Snowman might really 9. . Further efforts have been made to find out about Yetis. But the only things people have ever found were 10 foot prints. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than 11 animal tracks, which had been made 12 as they melted and refroze in the snow. 13 , in 1964,a Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman was 14and was a remaining link with the prehistoric human. But, 15 , no evidence has ever 16 been produced.These days, only a few people continue to take the story of the Abominable Snowman 17 . But if they ever 18 catching one, they may face a real 19 : Would they put it in a ___20___or give ita room in a hotel?1.A. event B. story C. adventure D. description2.A. centuries B. too long C. some time D. many years3.A. heard from B. cared for C. knew of D. read about4.A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably5.A. as B. though C. when D. until6.A. developed B. changed C. occurred D. continued7.A. entirely B. naturally C. clearly D. simply8.A. found B. declared C. felt D. doubted9.A. exist B. escape C. disappear D. return10.A. clearer B. more C. possible D. rare11.A. huge B. recent C. ordinary D. frightening12.A. strange B. large C. deep D. rough13.A. In the end B. Therefore C. After all D. However14.A. imagined B. real C. special D. familiar15.A. so B. besides C. again D. instead16.A. rightly B. actually C. normally D. particularly17.A. lightly B. jokingly C. seriously D. properly18.A. succeed in B. insist on C. depend on D. join in19.A. decision B. situation C. subject D. problem20.A. zoo B. mountain C. museum D. laboratory参考答案：(十)1-5:DBCDB6-10:ADAAA11-15:CBABD16-20:CBDCB(十一)1-5 BDCAB6-10 DDCAB11-15 CBDBC16-20 BCADA。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：49

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. (1) Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgment or will of their own. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, and they are subject to sudden accesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. (2) The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness.Unlike the masses, intellectuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. Their critical habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority. Intellectuals are the kind of people who demand evidence and are shocked by logical inconsistencies and fallacies. (3) They regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for the slogans, the unqualified assertions and sweeping generalizations which are the propagandist’s stock in trade. Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self-evident. (4) Propaganda, on the other hand, teaches us to accept as self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgment or to feel doubt. The propagandist must therefore be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualification. (5) There are no grays in his picture of the world; everything is either diabolically black or celestially white. He must never admit that he might be wrong or that people with a different point of view might be even partially right. Opponents should not be argued with; they should be attacked, shouted down, or, if they become too much of a nuisance, liquidated. The morally squeamish intellectual may be shocked by this kind of thing. But the masses are always convinced that right is on the side of the active aggressor.”【答案】【参考译文】（1）群体具有与其组成成员同等水平的道德和智慧；然而人群是混乱的，没有自己的目标，除了理智的行动和现实的思考之外，它什么都能做。

2019年北京邮电大学思政政治教育考博真题及考博英语真题

2019年北京邮电大学思政政治教育考博真题及考博英语真题育明教育506 大印老师整理2019年9月1日一、思政政治教育考博复习技巧每个院校的考博时间是不一样的，加之每个院校博士招生人数有限，所以育明教育大印老师建议大家一定要多选择几个院校进行备考，一般而言，选择4-5个院校比较合适，这几个院校选择应该注意具有一定的层次性，比如可以选择北大、南开，首师大、中财，矿大、地大等三个档次的院校。

因为只要是211或者双一流的院校的博士，对于你以后进入高校任教或者从事相关的工作是太大影响的。

切记孤注一掷的之报考一个院校。

此外，很多考生问考博辅导的意义是什么，其实对于考博而言，最重要的是三点：第一，考博信息，即考博院校和考博侧重点的选择问题，这点一般的考生很难完全了解，因为很多院校考博信息并不对外公开，但是咱们经过12年的辅导经验，很多内容是比较了解的；第二，个人陈述和研究计划，这点一般的考生可能很难独立完成，尤其是研究计划，因为研究计划既需要和所报考导师相关，也需要和自己本硕专业相关，这点都在咱们的辅导之内；第三，专业课考试范围和考试侧重点，这点也很重要。

二、思政政治教育考博院校英语真题解析Part I: Cloze (10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Comedian George Carlin has a routine in which he talks about how humans seem to spend their lives accumulating "stuff". Once they've gathered enough stub, they have to find places to store all of it. If Carlin were to update that routine today, he could make the same [1] ____ about computer innovation. It seems that everyone with a computer spends a lot of time acquiring data and then trying to find a way to [2] ____ it.For some computer owners finding enough storage space to hold all the data they've acquired is a real challenge. Some people invest in larger hard drives. Others prefer [3] ____ storage devices like thumb drives or compact discs. Desperate computer owners might delete entire folders worth of old files in order to make space for new information.[4] ____ some are choosing to rely on a growing trend: cloud storage.While cloud storage sounds like it has something to do with weather [5] ____ and storm systems, it really refers to saving data [6] ____ an off-site storage system maintained by a third party. [7] ____ storing information to your computer's hard drive or other local storage device, you save it to a remote database. The Internet provides the connection between your computer and the database.On the surface, cloud storage has several advantages [8] ____ traditional data storage. For example, if you store your data on a cloud storage system, you'll be able to get to that data from any location that has Internet access. You [9] ____ need to carry around a[10] ____ storage device or use the same computer to save and [11] ____ your information. With the right storage system, you could even allow other people to access the data, turning a personal project into a [12] ____ effort.So cloud storage is convenient and offers more [13] ____, but how does it work? There are hundreds of differentcloud storage systems. Some have a very specific [14] ____, such as storing Web e-mail messages or digital pictures. Others are [15] ____ to store all forms of digital data. Some cloud storage systems are small operations, while others are so large that the physical equipment can fill [16] ____ an entire warehouse. The facilities that [17] ____ cloud storage systems are called data centers.At its most basic level, a cloud storage system needs just one data server [18] ____ to the Internet. A client (e.g., a computer user subscribing to a cloud storage service) sends copies of files over the Internet to the data server, which then records the information. When the client wishes to retrieve the information, he or she accesses the data server through a Web-based interface. The server then either sends the files back to the client or allows the client to access and manipulate the files on the server itself.Cloud storage systems generally rely on hundreds of data servers. Because computers [19] ____ require maintenance or repair, it's important to store the same information on multiple machines. This is called redundancy. Without redundancy, a cloud storage system couldn't [20] ____ clients that they could access their information at any given time. Most systems store the same data on servers that use differs power supplies. That way, clients can access their data even if one power supply fails.1. A. examination B. observation C inspection D. acquaintance2. A. store B. update C. process D. accumulate3. A. internal B. portable C. local D. external4. A. But B. While C. And D. So5. A. forecast B. report C. fronts D. system6. A. onto B. to C. in D. upon7. A. Apart from B. Other than C. instead of D. regardless of8. A. than B. except C. for D. over9. A. shouldn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. couldn't10. A. physical B. substantial C. tangible D. local11. A. store B. share C. access D. retrieve12. A. comprehensive B collaborative C. coordinated D. combining13. A. opportunity B. chance C. convenience D. favor14. A. focus B. purpose C. use D. operation15. A. available B. capable C. applicable D. desirable16. A. in B. up C. for D. into17. A. hold B. save C. house D. run18. A. connecting B. connected C. connect D. being19. A. probably B. inconveniently C. invariably D. occasionally20. A. ensure B. promise C. assure D. guaranteePart II: Reading comprehension(40%)Directions:There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United State unprecedented opportunities as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, hasrequired by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figure collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contract with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no lately anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they open need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to person work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as "fronts" with White backing, rather than being accepted as full piers in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer open run the danger of becoming, and —remaining —dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.21. The primary purpose of the passage is to ________.A. present a commonplace idea and its inaccuraciesB. describe a situation and its potential drawbacksC. propose a temporary solution to a problemD. analyze a frequent source of disagreement22. According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have ________.A. been especially vulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economyB. been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitorsC. not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporationsD. not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers23. The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to ________.A. experience frustration but not serious financial harmB. face potentially crippling fixed expensesC. have to record its efforts on forms filed with the governmentD. increase its spending with minority Subcontractors24. The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should ________.A. avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expandingB. concentrate on securing even more business from that corporationC. try to expand its customer base to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation.D. pass on some of the work to be done for the corporation to other minority-owned concerns.25. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working win minority subcontractors?A. Annoyed by the proliferation of "front" organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.B. Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970's, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contacts.C. The significant response of corporations in the 1970's is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980's.D. Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970's made substantial response impossible.Passage 2No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is no intermediate trench, the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them. An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where neither the Vicar nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth's surface, and seriously require explanation in because, addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.26. According to the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basins, which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates?A. Increases in sedimentation on ocean floorsB. Spreading of ocean trenchesC. Movement of mid-ocean ridgesD. Differences in temperature under oceans and continents27. It can be inferred from the passage that, of the following, the deepest sediments would be found in the ________.A. Indian OceanB. Black SeaC. Mid-AtlanticD. South Atlantic28. According to the passage, which of the following are separated by a plate that is growing on both sides?A. The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of JapanB. The South Atlantic Ridge and the North Sea RidgeC. The Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic RidgeD. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge29. The author refers to a "conveyor belt" in sentence 3, paragraph 1, in order to ________.A. illustrate the effects of convection in the mantleB. show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continentsC. demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic RidgeD. describe the complicated motions made possible by back-coupling30. Which of the following titles would best describe the content of the passage?A. A Description of the Oceans of the WorldB. Several Theories of Ocean Basin FormationC. The Traditional View of the OceansD. Convection and Ocean CurrentsPassage 3In the eighteenth century, Japan's feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords' failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords' control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising Mat their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords' incomes despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office -holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan's central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.Most of the country's wealth or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun's burden of financing the state. A meansof obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns' search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.31. The passage is most probably an excerpt from ________.A. an economic history of JapanB. the memoirs of a samurai warriorC. a modern novel about eighteenth-century JapanD. an essay contrasting Japanese feudalism with its Western counterpart32. Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japan's Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?A. A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contact.B. Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.C. A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the owners have no credit history?D. A small business has to smuggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.33. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author toward the samurai discussed in sentence 4, paragraph 1?A. warmly approvingB. mildly sympatheticC. bitterly disappointedD. harshly disdainful34. The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office of tax collector ________.A. was a source personal profit to the officeholderB. was regarded with derision by many JapaneseC. remained within familiesD. existed only in castle-towns35. The passage implies that which of the following was the primary reason why the Tokugawa shoguns turned to city merchants for help in financing the state?A. A series of costly wars had depleted the national treasury.B. Most of the country's wealth appeared to be in city merchants hands.C. Japan had suffered a series of economic reversals due to natural disasters such as floods.D. The merchants were already heavily indebted to the shoguns.Passage 4Years of research had educated me about how sugar, fat, and salt change the brain I understood some of the parallels between hyper-palatable foods and drugs of abuses, and about the links among sensory stimulation, cues, and memory. I'd met enough people like Claudia and Maria to understand how even the thought of food could, cause them to lose control.But I wasn't fully prepared for the discoveries I made about irresistibility and whoosh, the Monster Thickburger and Baked Cheetos Flamin' Hot, about indulgence and purple cows. Without necessarily understanding the underlying science, the food industry has discovered what sells.I was sitting at Chili's Grill & Bar in Chicago's O'Hare Airport waiting for a late-night flight. At a nearby table a couple in their early forties was deep into a meal. The woman was overweight, with about 180 pounds on her five-foot-four-inch frame. The Southwestern Eggrolls she had ordered were listed as a starter course, but the enormous platter in front of her had been heaped with food. The dish was described on the menu as "smoked chicken, black beans, corn, jalapeno Jack cheese, red peppers, and spinach wrapped inside a crispy flour tortilla,"and it was served with a creamy avocado-ranch dipping sauce; despite its name, the dish looked more like a burrito than an egg roll, an only-in-America fusion approach.I watched as the woman attacked her food with vigor and speed. She held the egg roll in one hand, dunked it into the sauce, and brought it to her mouth while using the fork in her other hand to scoop up more sauce. Occasionally she reached over and speared some of her companions French fries. The woman ate steadily, working her way around the plate with scant pause for conversation or rest. When she finally paused only a little lettuce was left.Had she known someone was watching her, I'm sure she would have eaten differently. Had she been asked to describe what she had just eaten, she probably would have substantially underestimated her consumption. And she would probably have been sensed to learn what the ingredients in her meal really were.The woman might have been interested in how my industry source, who had called sugar, fat, and salt the three points of the compass, described her entree. Deep-frying the tortilla drives down its water content from 40 percent to about 5 percent and replaces the rest with fat. "The tortilla is really going to absorb a lot of fat," he said. "It looks like an egg roll is supposed to look, which is crispy and brown on the outside." The food consultant read through other ingredients on the label, keeping up a running commentary as he did. "Cooked white meat chicken, binder added, smoke flavor. People like smoky flavor —it's the caveman in them.""There's green stuff in there," he said, noting the spinach. "That makes me feel like I'm eating something healthy.""Shredded Monterey Jack Cheese... The increase in per-capita consumption of cheese is off the chart."The hot peppers, he said, "add a little spices but not too much to kill everything else off." He believed the chicken had been chopped and formed much like a meat loaf, with binders added, which makes those calories easy to swallow. Ingredients the hold moisture, including autolyzed yeast exact, sodium phosphate, and soy protein concentrate, further soften the food. I noticed that salt appeared eight times on the label and that sweeteners were there five times, in the form of corn-syrup solids, molasses, honey, brown sugar, and sugar."This is highly processed?” I asked."Absolutely, yes. All of these has been processed such that you can wolf it down fast..., chopped up and made ultra-palatable... Very appealing looking, very big pleasure in the food, very high caloric density. Rules out all that stuff you have to chew."By eliminating the need to chew, modern food processing techniques allow us to eat faster. "When you're eating these things, you've had 500, 600, 800, 900 calorie before you know it," said the consultant. “Lit erally before you know it.” Refined food simply melts in the mouth.36. It can be inferred from the author's description of the woman eating in paragraph four that ________.A. the woman prefers to eat at Chili's VS other restaurants.B. the woman truly enjoys the foods that she chooses to eat.C. the woman's efficiency at cleaning her plate adds to her dining experience.D. the author is disgusted by the woman's consumption.37. According to the passage, the main reason why people overeat is that ________.A. salt and sweeteners, like corn syrup solids and brown sugar, are added to the food.B. we don't have to chew our food very muchC. people like smoky flavorD. sugar, fat and salt change the brain38. The following are all ingredients in the egg rolls, EXCEPT ________.A. dark meat chickenB. saltC. bindersD. honey39. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage?A. If you eat too much food too quickly, you'll gain weight and become unhealthy.B. Because refined food is irresistible and easy to eat, it masks how unhealthy it is, leaving people unaware ofthe poor food choices they're making.C. Chili's is one of the restaurants in the U.S. serving unhealthy food to consumers today.D. Food consultants and authors are making Americans aware of their unhealthy eating habits, thus, creating healthier generations for years to come.40. In the first sentence of paragraph four, the word "vigor" most nearly means ________.A. pleasureB. flamboyanceC. lethargyD. energyPart III: Translation (30%)Section A: From Chinese into English (15%)Directions:Translate the following three underlined parts from Chinese into English and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Nick Young 创立了《中国发展简报》，并编辑英文版本，他说，上周多位北京警方和地方统计局的官员告知他该刊物进行了“未经批准的调查”，因此被认为违反了有关收集统计数据的1983年法律。

考博英语模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Sentence Transformation 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingReading ComprehensionFor farmers hoping for a healthy harvest, the best place to turn for help these days is the Monsanto Corp. One of the world’s leading biotechnology companies and lately a pioneer in genetically engineered seeds--Monsanto has been incorporating flashy traits like herbicide and pest resistance into everything from canola to corn. But such super crops don’t come cheap. Farmers pay a premium for Monsanto seeds, and to make sure they keep paying, the company requires them to sign an agreement promising not to plant seeds their crops produce. If farmers want the same bountiful harvest next year, they must return to the company for a new load of seeds. While this arrangement makes sense for Monsanto, it works only if farmers honor it--something that’s difficult to police in the U. S. and almost impossible in the developing world. Now, however, Monsanto hopes to enforce biologically what it cannot enforce contractually. With the help of clever genes currently in development, future Monsanto crops may be designed with a new feature in mind: sterility (不育). No sooner will the company’s plants mature than the seeds they carry, will lose the ability to reproduce. From Monsanto’s point of view, the set of new genes--which others have nicknamed Terminator--is a perfectly legitimate way to protect their intellectual-property rights. Not everybody agrees. Let the new science take hold, opponents ware darkly, and farmers could find themselves coming to Monsanto, seed cup in hand, paying whatever the company demands before they can plant that season’s crop. Worse still, some doomsday stories suggest, pollen (花粉)from Terminator plants could drift with the wind like a toxic cloud, cross with ordinary crops or wild plants, and spread from species to species until flora all around the world had been suddenly and irreversibly sterilized. No serious scientist thinks anything so disastrous will come to pass. For Monsanto, however, with a technology in its pocket and a fight on its hands, the situation is about as grim as it can get- at least in terms of public relations. “From a marketing perspective, it’s pathological (病态的). This is a question of who controls the seeds of life.”1．Before Terminator, farmers ______.A．are required to buy new load of seeds every yearB．axe often caught by the police replanting the seedsC．can replant the seeds under the permission from MonsantoD．obey the agreements signed with Monsanto正确答案：B解析：在Monsanto发明新品种Terminator之前，第二段提到it works only if farmers honor it—something that’s difficult to police in the U.S.，表明农民们并未按照协议重新购买种子，而是留原来植物的种子，这使得美国警察很苦恼。

考博英语模拟试题及答案解析

考博英语模拟试题Part I Cloze (0. 5 x 20 = 10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.The most famous painter in Victoria's history is Emily Carr. When she was a child，she discovered that walking in the woods 1 more to her than playing with other children, and that she was more interested in 2 the streets of old Victoria than playing at home with 3 and spending her time making up.Emily was a cute little girl who spent 4 of her childhood in Beacon Hill Park 5 was very close to her home. Drawing 6 her, and she also liked to play with the pets. She had ducks and chickens, and even 7 a monkey. She was 8 interested in the First Nations people and the Chinese people she saw in Victoria's Chinatown. Their culture and way of dressing seemed so 9 from her own.As she became a young, strong and 10 woman, Emily began to go on long trips into the forests to11 and draw what she saw. She loved the free and simple 12 of the First Nations people. In the summer of 1895 she went on 13 with two other women to 14 the wilderness along the Cowichan River that runs through Duncan, 15 north of Victoria.She knew more about their lifestyle and the forests of B. C. than 16 other European woman.When you look at her paintings you can sense the 17 of these dark mysterious forests. Her paintings are now very famous and, 18 the dark colors may not be attractive to some people, they19 the beauty and mystery of the deep woods and the skill of a great artist. Emily was a very brave and independent woman. She walked through the woods alone, even though she knew that bears and wolves might be her only 201. A. attracted B. appealed C. allured D. induced2. A. dashing B. strolling C. jogging D. roaming3. A. friends B. mates C. dolls D. parents4. A. much B. lots C. more D. many5. A. where B. which C. since D. it6. A. fascinated B. bewildered C. captured D. indulged7. A. fed B. domesticated C. trained D. confined8. A.particularly B.almost C. constantly D. intrinsically9. A. diverse B.various C. distinct D.outstanding10. A. special B. independent C. lonely D. unaided11. A. paint B. record C. describe D. take12. A. society B. work C. lifestyle D. pace13. A. an adventure B. an exploitation C. a tour D. an expedition14. A. check B. explore C. examine D. search15. A. only B. just C. much D. in16. A. any B. some C. certain D. none17. A. mood B. tone C. taste D. atmosphereI8. A. if B. otherwise C. though D. but19. A. evoke B. arouse C. remind D. raise20. A.enemies B. foods C. companions D. friendsⅡ. Reading comprehension (20 x 2 = 40% )Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions, you are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage OneFast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a plateau in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald's to attract customers with a 55 cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. O'Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC."It's becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow," said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. "I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation (饱和) point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets."Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 percent in 1996 according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is for cry from (大不相同于) the levels of the 1970s and 1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 percent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 percent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997."Consumers have never been more demanding than they are today," said Michael Sansolo, senior vice president of the Supermarket Trade Group. "They are pressed for time. Money is still an issue.-, but their tastes are increasingly diverse -- whether it's gourmet foods, ethnic foods or organic offerings."Meanwhile, the aging of the baby-boom population -- and the growth in the number of so-called "empty nesters" with grown children -- has meant a surge in the number of people willing to spend more for upscale items. This generation "will have the luxury of being more discriminating" as their children leave home, notes Harry Balzer, vice president of the Chicago-based NPD consulting group. Balzer said some 18 million baby boomers will become empty-nesters in the next 10 years, leaving them with more disposable income to spend on dining out. "Fast and cheap will still be driving factors.., but our definitions of fast and cheap may be changing."Various reports suggest industry leader McDonald's is struggling, losing market share, with lower same-store sales while cutting back the number of new outlets in the United States, partly due to pressure from franchisers who don't want to be squeezed. The company replaced the head of its 12,000 US restaurant chain last October amid a slump in US market share.21. What does the passage mainly tell about?A. Fast food disappoints consumers.B. People prefer less expensive food.C. McDonald's dominates the market of fast food.D. Fast food is losing its attraction.22. What can we learn from the passage?A. O'Pepsico goes bankrupt.B. The number of supermarkets doubles.C. Jim Brown takes a negative attitude towards the development of fast food.D. McDonald's survives from the competition with retail food stores.23. What is NOT true about baby-boom generation?A. They seek a variety of food.B. They have come of age.C. They will spend more money on food.D. They tend to have luxurious food.24. Which of the following is not mentioned as an influence on people's choices of food?A. Speed and price of the food.B. Diversity of the food.C. Tastes of the consumers.D. Age of the consumers.25. What brings trouble to fast food industry?A. Customers' demand and competition with retailers.B. The aging baby-boomer and diversity of food.C. Competition with retailers and diversity of food.D. Customers' demand and the aging of baby-boomer.Passage TwoParents of wailing (哀号) babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents' legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents' attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. "It may point researchers in the right direction to find the cause of excessive crying," said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista. Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes. Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements. Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment. The babies of monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies' distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms."Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries," said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago. "But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses."Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. "Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop," Bard said. "I've never seen anychimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable."Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. "All primate infants cry." Maestripieri said. "It'sa very conserved behavior. It's not something humans have evolved on their own."26. What can be the most probable title of this passage?A. Parents Bothered by Babies' CryB. Infants Crying for Parents' AttentionC. Clues from Animals on Why Babies CryD. False Cry27. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A. Scientists discovered why animal infants cry.B. The difference in the amount of children's cry is somewhat due to genes.C. Babies have a violent reaction to the mother's ignorance.D. Chimpanzees' annoyance can hardly be alleviated.28. What is implied in Paragraph 4?A. Children with truthful cry may eventually draw their mothers' attention.B. Noisy infants are preferred by their mothers for their health and strength.C. Mothers would rather nurse the obedient babies.D. Mothers tend to ignore the deceitful cry.29. How do the parents respond to babies' cry?A. They come to doubt it.B. They take it seriously.C. They are indifferent to it.D. They are weary of it.30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as the reason for babies' cry?A. Discomfort.B. Hungry.C. Consolation.D. Thirsty.Passage ThreeWhenever I hear a weather report declaring it's the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I can't take it too seriously, because "ever" really means "as long as the records go back", which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, though -- not for individual dates, but they can ten the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks incorals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. That's a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperatures -- a frequent assertion of the global -- warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (he's the creator of the "hockey stick" graph A1 Gore used in "An Inconvenient Truth" to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand years -- that led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 was -- so resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that today's temperatures ale unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if there's any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists comparedthem with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from "it isn't happening" to "it's happening, but it's natural", to "it's mostly natural" --\and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed. Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming science -- a controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however,is a much less settled question.31. What does this passage mainly deal with?A. The tendency of earth's becoming hotter.B. The assessment of earth's temperature.C. The menace of global warming.D.The measurement of tackling global warming.32. What is "proxy measurement" in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?A. Studying the characteristics of glaciers.B. Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.C. Taking advantage of previous pictures.D. Using clues left from the past.33. What does the report from NRC indicate?A. The earth will become warmer.B. It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Mann's assertion.C. The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.D. The proxy measurements are reliable.34. Which statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?A. The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Mann's claim.B. Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.C. Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.D. The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.35. What is the author's attitude towards global warming theory?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Favorable.D. Neutral.Passage FourA proposed Russian ban on European Union meat exports could jeopardize Russia's aspirations to join the World Trade Organization next year, the EU trade commissioner, Peter Mandelson, warned Friday. He warned that several of the 25 EU member states were growing weary of Russia's trade tactics and could move to block its WTO bid.He emphasized that the European Union supported Russia's WTO accession in principle and that he did not want to link the Russian meat ban to Russia's WTO prospects ,though EU states could do so. in order to join the organization,Russia must reach agreement with each of the 149 WTO members."Issues like this will affect the attitude of member states toward signing off on accession," Mandelson said. "This is not the only trade irritant between us and Russia -- there are at least half a dozen -- and this latest ban is bound to affect the attitude of member states," toward Russia's aim of joining the WTO. "We can't have so many of these trade irritants hanging over us."Mandelson said he would work to get Russia to back off from its current plans to ban all EUanimal products as of Jan. 1, which would affect C = $ 1.7 billion, or $ 2. 2 billion, in exports to RussiaMoscow has justified the ban on the grounds that Bulgaria and Romania, which will join the European Union on that day, do not have adequate food safety measures. But Mandelson warned that if Moscow refused to back down, it could sour overall trade relations with the European Union, which is already concerned about fair access to Moscow's energy resources. "Russia is acting in a disproportionate way," he said.President Vladimir Putin has made WTO membership one of his key economic objectives. He is keen to improve access to world markets for Russian exports and to provide a lift to the country's neglected aghculrural sector. European resistance would add to reservations by trade negotiators in Washington who want Russia to make more progress on reducing tariffs on U. S. meat imports and protecting intellectual property before joining the world trade body.Trade disputes cast a shadow over the summit meeting, which was supposed to mark the start of talks on a partnership agreement between the European Union and Russia covering energy, trade and human rights. But Poland -- in a separate dispute with Moscow over a Russian ban on Polish farm exports -- used its veto to stop the talks on Friday.Putin defended the Russian ban after earlier complaining that the European Commission had failed to consult him before agreeing to admit Bulgaria and Romania, whose food safety practices he called into question.EU officials said privately that Putin's stance suggested he was suffering from a Cold War hangover because the former Soviet satellites will soon become EU members.36. What is the theme of this passage?A. Russia conflicts with EU members in meat trade.B. Russia may risk WTO entry with EU meat ban.C. Russia prepares to enter WTO.D. Russia complains about food security of Bulgaria and Romania.37. Which statement is NOT true about EU?A. EU has not signed partnership agreement with Russia.B. EU is disappointed with at Russia's trade strategy.C. EU wants Russia to cut down on tariffs on its meat imports.D. EU may connect the trade conflict with Russia's entry into WTO.38. Which word has the similar meaning to "imtant" in Paragraph 3?A. disagreementB. misunderstandingC. annoyanceD.interference39. What can be implied from the last paragraph?A. Russia will soon suffer from isolation.B. Russia will soon lose its satellites.C. Former Soviet satellites resist Russia's entering WTO.D. Some EU officials understand Russia's position.40. What is the author's attitude towards Russia?A. Suggestive.B. Prejudicial.C. Sympathetic.D. Objective.Part UI Translation (30%)Section A : From Chinese into English (15%)每个人心中都该有个志向，否则他的经历就会被浪费掉。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：88

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Helicobacter pylori is one of humanity’s oldest and closest companions, and yet it took scientists more than a century to recognize it. As early as 1875, German anatomists found spiral bacteria colonizing the mucus layer of the human stomach, but because the organisms could not be grown in a pure culture, the results were ignored and then forgotten. It was not until 1982 that Australian doctors Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren isolated the bacteria, allowing investigations of H pylori’s role in the sto mach to begin in earnest. Over the next decade researchers discovered that people carrying the organisms had an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers—breaks in the lining of the stomach or duodenum—and that H pylori could also trigger the onset of the most common form of stomach cancer. Just as scientists were learning the importance of H pylori, however, they discovered that the bacteria are losing their foothold in the human digestive tract. Whereas nearly all adults in the developing would still carry the organism, its prevalence is much lower in developed countries such as the U.S. Epidemiologists believe that H pylori has been disappearing from developed nations for the past 100 years thanks to improved hygiene, which blocks the transmission of the bacteria, and to the widespread use of antibiotics. As H pylori has retreated, the rates of peptic ulcers and stomach cancer have dropped. But at the same time, diseases of the esophagus —including acid reflux disease and a particularly deadly type of esophageal cancer—have increased dramatically, and a wide body of evidence indicates that the rise of these illnesses is also related to the disappearance of H pylori.1. The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to( ).2.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?3.Which of the following would most probably follow the last sentence of this passage?问题1选项A.alter people to the harm of H pylori colonization of the stomachB.make people aware of the harm of eradicating H pylori from the stomachC.suggest that the benefits of eradicating H pylori from the stomach are not outweighed by the potential harm.D.call attention to the consequences of eradicating H pylori from the stomach.问题2选项A.Improvements in sanitation are a vital element in helping ward off peptic ulcers.B.People in the developing countries are not likely to contract esophageal diseases.C.Nowadays few people in the developed countries suffer from stomach cancer.D.Scientists have long recog nized H pylori’s important role in the stomach, but could do nothing about.问题3选项A.Furthermore, the disappearance of H pylori may be a sentinel indicating the possibility of other microbial extinctions as well.B.The possibility that this bacterium may actually protect people against disease of the esophagus has significant implications.C.However, there has been an unexpected rise in the incidence of a new class of diseases involving the esophagus.D.The rise of these diseases has occurred just as H pylori has been disappearing, and it is tempting to associate the two phenomena.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B【解析】1.主旨题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：29

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Experimental sciences, based on the observation of the external world, cannot aspire to completeness; the nature of things, and the imperfection of our organs,______.问题1选项A.are likely opposing itB.are opposed to it and the likeC.are alike opposed itD.are opposing it likewise【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。

be opposed to“反对”是固定用法，and the like“等等”。

句意：实验科学是建立在对外部世界的观察基础上的，不能追求完备;事物的本质和我们器官的缺陷等等都与之相违背。

因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题He was _______ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.问题1选项A.too much of a cowardB.too much the cowardC.a coward enoughD.enough of a coward 【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。

综合选项可知，本题考查“too…to…太……以致不能”，too much the coward“懦夫太多”不符合句意，因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题At first, movies were little more than amusing that appeared to move.问题1选项A.novelsB.noveltiesC.noticesD.novices【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。

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北京邮电大学考博英语模拟试题精解
46.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：现在分词做定语、从句镶嵌的复杂结构、词义的选择。

该句的主要结构是：The notion…hardly enters into an Englishman’s thoughts。

notion后面连用了三个being现在分词定语，可译为简单的主谓句。

但是，第三个分词状语中出现了一个定语从句修饰限定elements，而这个从句中又镶嵌了由whatever引导的状语从句，因此需要拆译，让它们独立成句。

由于主干的谓语部分放在了最后，与主语空间上分离较大，需要按照汉语习惯，把原句的主干分离出来单译。

除此以外，少数地方需要意译，使译文更顺畅，如：the free play of the mind可意译为“自由思考”。

词汇方面：subject，“事物，对象”;provider意为“提供者”，该处可译为“源泉”;emptiness，“空洞，无意义”;固定短语in the long run 表示“长远看来，久而久之”。

47.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：较长后置定语、介词短语作状语
该句子的主干是It obeys an instict，现在分词结构prompting it to try to know…and to value knowledge and thought Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi做后置定语。

该分词结构中含有两个并列的不定式to try和to value，并且分别接有两个介词短语irrespectively of…和without…做状语。

根据汉语习惯，将状语提前翻译。

词汇方面：prompt做动词，意为“促使，导致，激起”;irrespective
of“不考虑，不管，不受……影响”;approach取其抽象含义，即“(思考问题的)方式、方法、态度”;inrusion“侵犯，侵扰”。

48.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：代词指代、长串定语、词性变化。

该句子由and并列连接的两个分句组成。

前一分句中，This指代上文中的curiosity，“好奇心、求知欲”。

定语从句for which……修饰限定instinct，翻译时采用后置法。

后一分句是个复合句，其结构比较简单，主要问题是一些结构和词义的灵活处理。

what there was of it做主语，后面紧跟着谓语。

宾语period前面有定语a long benumbing，后面也有定语blight and suppression…，由于定语很长、名词中心语很短，而且这个名词中心语period比较特殊，它和定语的修饰限定关系是可逆的，因此翻译时可以把period作为定语，原文中的定语则译为中心名词。

翻译定语benumbing时，词性发生转换，形容词译为动词“变得麻木”。

词汇方面：sympathy的英文释义是share the feelings of others; feeling of pity or sorrow for sth.，因此它不仅表示“同情”，还可以表示“认同，共鸣”，但是这些词义与原文搭配起来都不顺畅，因此可以弱化sympathy，而强化original含义中的origin，这句话可以译为“能够找到……的痕迹”。

benumbing来自动词benumb，表示“使……变得麻木、迟钝”;blight，“不良影响”;suppression，“压抑、压制”;epoch，“时代、时期”。

49.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：主语从句、宾语从句、词义选择。

it是形式主语，指代that引导的主语从句，可以有两种处理方法：1)……(主语从句)，这是极其重要的;2)极其重要的是……(主语从句中的内容)。

在主语从句中，discern的宾语为what rule for its course…it ought to take，中间插入的是两个并列不定式做目的状语。

词汇方面：of the last importance“极端重要，极其重要”;动词词组avail oneself of sth.表示“利用、使用……”。

50.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：定语从句。

这句话是一个介宾结构，和上一句都是由介词by引导，表示方法途径，回答And how is criticism to show the disinterestedness?介宾结构有两个并列的定语从句which…but which…，修饰ideas，翻译时可采用后置法，做两个单独的主谓句。

词汇方面：lend itself to sth.表示“适合于某物”，此处可活译为“被……利用，屈从于……”。

全文翻译
英国人历来被称为政治动物，他们如此重视政治和实际的东西，以至于在他们眼中思想会很容易成为他们眼中讨厌的对象，而思想家也会成恶人。

因为实际就是一切，自由的思想一文不值。

对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣，一种愿望，为民族精神提供了赖以生存的重要因素。

离开这些因素，不管有其他什么样的补偿，一个国家的民族精神终究将会由于空洞而消逝。

但是这种认识很难进入英国人的思想。

值得注意的是，“好奇”这个词在其他语言中被用作褒义，意思是人性中高尚和美好的品质，即出于对所有事物一律给予自由思考的热爱。

我说值得注意，是指“好奇”这个词在我们的语言中没有这种含义，而且还是糟糕的和贬损的含义。

但是批评，真正的批评，本质上却正是这种品质的运用。

它遵循一种本能，促使它不考虑实践、政治和所有类似的事物，试图汲取世界上知识和思想的精华;并且促使它在这个过程中不受任何其他考虑的侵扰，珍视知识和思想。

好奇是一种本能，但我认为，英国人讲究实际的本性中几乎找不到这一本能的痕迹。

仅存的求知欲也在浪漫主义时代里，经历了长期的不良影响和压制而变得麻木了。

至关重要的是，英国的批评界若想利用向它敞开的领域，若想在将来有所收获，必须清楚应该为自己的发展道路选择什么样的原则。

这种原则可以概括为一个词——客观。

如何通过批评来表现客观呢?方法便是：远离所谓的“实际的观点”;坚决遵循自身的法则，即自由思考所有接触到的事物。

坚决不为那些隐秘的、政治的和功利的观点服务，尽管很多人肯定会依附于这些观点，但批评活动却与它们毫不相干。

正如我所提到的，好奇所要做的只是了解已知的和已经想到的最好的事物，接着将它公之于众，从而创造一股真实而新颖的思潮。

它所要做的是用不变的诚实和应有的能力来完成上述行为，并且再无其他内容。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。