王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)网授精讲班
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第11单元 维多利亚时代的诗人)【圣才出品】
第11单元维多利亚时代的诗人Alfred TennysonThe Eagle1.Make a list of adjectives which can describe your impression of the eagle. Key:Powerful,brave,free,strong,majestic,violent,fierce,sharp-eyed,mighty and aggressive.2.Does Tennyson use many adjectives to describe the eagle?Why?Key:No,he doesn’t.Because Tennyson wants to put emphasis on the posture and movements of the eagle so that it can highlight the eagle’s remarkable characteristics in a different way.3.Why is the word“crawls”employed to describe the sea?Key:Because the poet wants to make comparison between the speed of the lightning eagle and the sea.By using the word“crawls”,we can imagine how slow the sea is and how rapid the eagle is.Here,the sea serves as a foil to the eagle.Break,Break,Break1.Why does the poet describe the stones as“cold”and“gray”?Key:Because the stones do not know about the feelings of the poet and areindifferent to him.To the poet,they are unfeeling and cold.The weaves of the sea carry on breaking the rocks along the seashore without pausing even for a moment.2.What effect do the joyful scenes in the second stanza bring to the whole poem? Key:The joyful scenes in the second stanza can highlight the sorrows in the poet’s heart.It is a strong comparison between the carefree children,the happy sailor and the heart-breaking poet,which makes the themes of the poem clearer and more touching.3.Whose is the“voice that is still”?Key:The poet’s friend’s“voice that is still”.Robert Browning1.Why does the Duke want to show his guest his art collection?Key:Because the Duke wants to show off his social status and his taste for arts. And,he wants to tell the matchmaker what kind of wife he wants to have and also wants to get more dowries.2.Why is the Duke dissatisfied with his last Duchess?What can you say about the Duchess’personality from the Duke’s monologue?Key:Because the Duke thinks that the Duchess lacks the air of the noble and isvery easy to be pleased.The Duchess is friendly to others,which was regarded by the Duke as trifling.Besides this,the Duchess does not take the Duke’s status and family name as seriously as he wants.All this cause the dissatisfaction of the narrow-minded and self-centered Duke to the Duchess.From the monologue we can see that the Duchess was a lively,innocent, friendly,bubbly and open-minded woman.3.The Duke hints that his commands have something to do with the death of his last Duchess.Why does he give his guest such a clue?Key:The Duke wants to show off his power to end one’s life.Here,he gives a warning to the matchmaker and wants the new Duchess does what he wants.Matthew Arnold1.Is it the sea that brings the eternal sadness to the poet?Or is it the poet who brings the sadness to the sea?Key:It is the poet who brings the sadness to the sea.The poet is very sad and gloomy,but the sea is emotionless.So,when he stands on the beach,he thinks the sea in front of him is also full of desolation and turbulence.2.In what ways does the sea resemble Faith?Key:The poet uses the ebbs and flows of the sea to resemble the crisis of people’s Faith.In different time and periods,different Faiths dominatepeople’s thoughts.Both the sea and the faith are all full and around the earth and human beings’life.3.What is the suggested cure for the faithless world in the poem?Key:The poet suggests that people should show love and be true to each other in the faithless world.Having love,people won’t feel helpless or upset,and they can get help,support and understanding from each other,which can help people pull through.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第8单元 浪漫主义诗人(2))【圣才出品】
第8单元浪漫主义诗人（2）George Gordon ByronShe Walks in Beauty1.What is the colour of the lady’s dress?How do you know?Key:The lady’s dress is black.Because“She walks in beauty,like the night/Of cloudless climes and starry skies”.We can see that she is dressed in black and looks like the dark night.2.What does“their dwelling place”refer to in the last line of the second stanza? Key:It refers to the lady’s face.“Or softly lightens o’er her face;/Where thoughts serenely sweet express/How pure,how dear their dwelling-place.”From these lines,we can know that“their”refers to“thoughts’”.3.Where are the lady’s winning smiles?How do they appear to the poet?Key:The winning smiles are on the lady’s face and over her brow.The poet observes the woman’s tints on the face,so he figures out the smile on it.When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at Home1.What should a man fight for according to the poet?Key:According to the poet,a man should fight for glories and freedom.“Let himthink of the glories of Greece and of Rome”,“Then battle for freedom wherever you can”.2.What is the difference between this man in Byron’s poem and a hero in your mind?Key:In my mind,a hero should only think about others and forget about his own life and glories.However,in this poem,the man is seeking for rewards and is thinking about being knighted if he can live through the war.“And is always as nobly requited”,“And,if not shot or hang’d,you’ll get knighted”.Percy Bysshe Shelly1.In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver?Key:The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth,in the sky and on the sea,and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind,and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among humankind.The west wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation.It drives the last signs of life from the trees. It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere,and it scatters the seeds which will come to life in the spring.The west wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide.2.What is the relationship between the West Wind and the poet?Key:The poet admires and envies the West Wind very much.He admires the West Wind because it is very powerful,and he envies the West Wind because it is free from any restriction.The poet wants to be like the West Wind,which becomes the symbol of power and freedom.What’s more,the poet appeals to the West Wind to infuse him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas.3.As“the trumpet of prophecy,”what does the West Wind predict in physical reality?How do you understand it symbolically?Key:The West Wind predicts that the cold winter is coming.The West Wind symbolizes a kind of revolutionary power and spirit.It destroys the old and builds up the new.It predicts the winter is nearby,thus the spring is not far behind.In a deeper sense,it predicts that the bright future is not far away.John Keats1.Describe,in your own words,the scenes on the Grecian urn.Who are they in the pictures?And what are they doing?Key:There are two scenes on the Grecian urn.The first scene describes the fair youth under the tree tying to kiss his lover,but he cannot.The second scene is that people are coming to the sacrifice on the morning of a special day.2.Who is the speaker of the last two lines in the ode?Key:I think the speaker is the urn.However,it clearly conveys the poet’s ides of beauty and truth.ment on the epigram"beauty is truth,truth beauty".Key:I agree that truth is beauty,but I cannot agree that beauty is truth.Truth is always real,charming and beautiful,so,we can say that truth is beauty.However, beauty is not always true,especially with the development of technology,some artificial beauty emerges,such as artificial flowers,artificial plants,and even artificial noses and eyes…they are also beautiful,but they are not real.。
《英国文学选读》课程简介
《英国文学选读》课程基本信息课程发展的历史沿革南京大学英国文学教学和研究历史悠久，基础厚实。
早在80年代，范存忠先生出版了《英国文学史提纲》，陈嘉先生编写的英文版《英国文学史》和《英国文学选读》获国家教委全国高等学校优秀教材奖。
王守仁教授主编的《英美小说》1995年获全国高校外国文学教学研究会首届优秀教材奖。
王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》由北京高等教育出版社于2001年出版，列入“面向21世纪课程教材、普通高等教育九五国家级重点教材”，并作为“英语专业系列教材”之一，获2002年全国普通高等学校优秀教材一等奖。
该教材修订版已列入“普通高等教育十五国家级教材规划选题”。
2001年王守仁教授主持的英国文学网络课程作为教育部“新世纪网络课程建设工程”项目正式立项，获经费12万元。
2003年4月，英国文学网络课程在北京通过专家组质量认证。
※教学内容英国文学课程精选英国文学史上重要作家的名篇，包括莎士比亚、培根、华兹华斯、狄更斯、哈代、艾略特、乔伊斯、劳伦斯等经典作家的名著以及当代作家的作品，题材涵盖小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文，教学内容全面系统，较好地体现了专业课程的基础性、先进性和前沿性。
英国文学课程确立以文学作品为中心，采用读写议相结合的教学方式，注重培养学生的分析能力、思辩能力和语言表达能力，体现了素质教育的特点。
通过对本课程的学习，学生可以在教师的指导下阅读英语文学作品原著，理解英国文学与文化，提高文学批评鉴赏能力和英语水平。
※教学条件英国文学课程以王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》为基本教材，充分发挥网络技术的优势，基于课堂与网络，实行开放式教学。
南京大学具备运行机制良好的硬件环境，开发的英国文学网络课件已从2002年春季学期起投入使用。
英国文学网络课件以Web页面的形式呈现教学内容，通过ASP技术，动态生成学习单元，每单元包括作者简介、背景介绍、作品赏析、作品选读和注释以及作家的相关网址，同时还配有相关评论、图片和名言。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第2单元 威廉
第2单元威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1.Why sleep is so frightening,according to Hamlet,since it can“end”“the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Key:Death means the end of life.If he dies,he may go to an unknown world and can never come back.In this sense,Hamlet cannot take revenge on his uncle for his father,failing to realize his will.Though“sleep”can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks,it is a state of mind that Hamlet doesn’t know at all.He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long“dream”.He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep,may be good may be evil.2.Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them,according to Hamlet?Key:According to Hamlet,because that people don’t know what lying there waiting for them in the unknown world,maybe something more terrible than that in the mortal world.3.What,after all,makes people lose their determination to take action?Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Key:It is the fear for the unknown world after death and the lack of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action.Hamlet doesn’tknow what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself,so he is hesitated. However,Hamlet’s hesitation should be seen from a different point of view.The main reason lies in his concern for his nation.Hamlet is a true man.He wants to change the dark existing world,but it is beyond his ability,so he has no idea what he should do.He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society.So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark.His revenge is not everything for him.And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may cause some disorders in the country.Thus he is confused about his action.Romeo and Juliet1.What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection? Key:Romeo compares Juliet to the sun.2.What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet? Key:They think that since their family names hinder them from loving each other, they prefer that the names Montague and Capulet have nothing to do with themselves and even give them up.3.What does Romeo mean when he says“Look thou but sweet,/And I am proof against their enmity”?Key:It means that Romeo loves Juliet so much that he thinks that the love canprotect him from harm and dissolve the hatred between their families.Sonnet181.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Key:The poet thinks that he should not“compare thee to a summer’s day”, because“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”.And,in the following part, he gives his reasons.2.What makes the poet think that“thou”can be more beautiful(fair)than summer and immortal?Key:Because the poet thinks that“thy eternal summer shall not fade”for they will be preserved and perpetuated in the lines he writes.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第4单元 17世纪英国诗人)【圣才出品】
第4单元17世纪英国诗人The Flea1.Why does the poet say that"this cannot be said a sin,or shame,or loss of maidenhead"?Key:Because it is the flea that sucked their blood and made them mingled together,they are not sinful or shameful,and the man’s beloved does not loss her maidenhead.The flea has joined them together in a way that“alas,is more than we would do”.2.What do you think is the addressee’s parents’attitude toward the poet’s wooing?Key:The addressee’s parents’attitude is against the poet’s wooing.3.What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea"thou"are actually killing three lives?Key:The poet compares the killing of the flea to murder.He thinks that if his beloved kills the flea,he and she would be killed within the flea.He even states that the act of killing the flea would be“sacrilege”.If the lover denies the fact that their blood and therefore their lives are contained within the flea,it is similar to committing an irreligious act.This would seem to acknowledge that their closeness within the flea is allowable.The importunate lover wishes his mistressto understand that she should accept his wooing because there is nothing wrong with the unity of two people.Holy Sonnet101.Why does the poet say that death is the“slave to fate,chance,kings and desperate men”?Key:Because for the most part,fate,chance,kings and desperate men can threaten some people with Death when they like to,and by this way,Death is exploited and may be forced to do what it does not want to.In this sense,death is a slave.2.What does the poet mean when he says“we wake eternally”after one short sleep?Key:The poet was a priest and he believed that the soul of men would never die. After death,men would enter another world and lived forever.In this sense,after death,men“wake eternally”.John Milton1.Where are the serpent(“the”in line51)and his followers condemned after their defeat?Key:The serpent and his followers are condemned into the hell by God.2.What are the God’s punishments for those rebellious angels as described by Milton in lines59-74?Key:Those rebellious angels are sent into the horrible dungeon filled with flames, darkness,floods and whirlwinds,in which there is no peace,rest or hope,but full of sorrow and torture.3.What is considered by Satan as“ignominy”and“shame”(line ll5)?Key:Satan considers that“To bow and sue for grace/With suppliant knee,and deify his power/Who from the terror of this arm so late/Doubted his empire-that were low indeed”is“ignominy and shame”.That is,he thinks that it is shameful to bow to God to ask for grace and forgiveness.4.What is Satan advising the serpent and his followers to do in this part of Paradise Lost?Key:Satan advices the serpent and his followers to fight against God.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第16单元 现代主义小说家(1))【圣才出品】
第16单元现代主义小说家（1）James Joyce1.What is the significance of the title of the story?Key:“Araby”means bazaar,a real marketplace on the outskirt of Dublin in Joyce’s childhood.But because of the suggestion of Mangan’s sister,and that the boy promises to buy something for her,the“Araby”becomes a land of romance to the boy and arouses his great excitement and passions for going there.He takes it as an ideal land and place of heart’s desire to realize his romantic and beautiful dream.But when he arrives at the bazaar,it is all dark and almost closed,and he cannot find anything worth buying for the girl.The boy’s dream is shattered completely.In this sense,we can say that the title reveals the themes of the story.2.What are the chief qualities of the boy’s character?Key:The boy is growing up with innocence,shyness and sensitivity.He cherishes wonderful dreams towards love and beauty.However,he is not mature enough to understand what true love is and how to express his feelings to the girl he likes. Eventually,his dreams are disillusioned.He is lonely and somewhat of social withdrawal,because from some detailed descriptions in the story we can see that most of the time he likes observing rather than taking part in what the other boys do on the street.3.Is anything gained by the boy through his frustration and humiliation?Key:Yes,he gains something through his frustration and humiliation.This journey to Araby becomes a journey of his self-realization and epiphany.At the end of the story,he realizes that the reality is cruel and harsh in which his dreams can never come true.He is upset and disappointed very much.He begins to understand the world and the society in a more mature way.Virginia Woolf1.How does Woolf present Mrs.Dalloway to the reader?Key:At the very beginning of the novel,Woolf presents Mrs.Dalloway by the narrator’s reporting(转述)of her speech that“she would buy the flowers herself”.In the following passages,Woolf introduces Mrs.Dalloway by revealing her thoughts and consciousness in a very subtle way.2.What is the function of Big Ben?Key:The Big Ben is the symbol of time and it indicates the passage of time.In the novel,time is the underlying narrative clue and Woolf uses both the physical(物理的)and psychological(心理的)time to draw forth Clarissa Dalloway’s consciousness and thoughts of her experiences at different time.Time plays an important role in the unfolding of the whole novel.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第12单元 托马斯
第12单元托马斯•哈代1.How does Tess react to Clare’s suggestion that they should leave their shelter? Why?Key:Tess refused Clare’s suggestion because she felt happy and content to live with Angel in the shelter.Inside the shelter there were affection and forgiveness, but outside were trouble and inexorability.Tess was unwilling to put an end to her happiness.For another,Tess feared that Angel's love to her and tolerance toward her impurity would not last long,so she would rather die than be despised by him in the future.2.What is the significance of Tess resting on an altar in the heathen temple? Key:In the author’s eye,she is just as pure and sacred as sacrifice on an altar.As a matter of fact,she’s not accepted by the society and has been despised by the hypocritical morality;she’s considered as a heathen.Tess considers the altar to be a comfortable place for her to stay because it’s just like home,and she is ready to sacrifice herself there.ment on this sentence：“‘Justice’was done,and the President of the Immortals(in Aeschylean phrase)had ended his sport with Tess”.In what sense is Tess’story tragic?Key:“Justice”is a sharp irony.Tess is the allusion to Prometheus,who stole fire(justice)for humans but suffered severe punishment(injustice)from Zeus. Generally,the moral atmosphere of the novel is not Christian justice at all,but pagan injustice.The forces that rule human life are absolutely unpredictable and not necessarily well-disposed to us.Tess’s final rest at Stonehenge at the end reminds us of a world where the gods are not just and fair,but whimsical and uncaring.What passes for“Justice”is in fact one of the pagan gods enjoying a bit of“sport,”or a frivolous game.Once she is executed,the fight or the“sport”is ended.Hardy’s idea about tragedy was influenced by Aeschylus(埃斯库罗斯),who thought that the stronger a person rebels against the fate,the deeper and tighter he will be trapped by the fate,and the nearer he will be on the way to destruction. Tess is a peasant girl who is very kind,responsible and diligent.However,she is vulnerable and weak.She is seduced by immoral Alec and abandoned by her beloved Clare.She has been always fighting against her fate,but she could never break away from her destiny.Finally,she kills the evil Alec,which leads to her self-destruction.She is the typically tragic heroine of the English literature.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第17单元 现代主义小说家(2))【圣才出品】
第17单元现代主义小说家（2）1.Does the house really whisper?Make comments on the repetition of the phrase “There must be more money!’’Key:No,the house does not whisper but the people who live in the house feel that they are short of money,and as if they can always hear such whisper in their house.They lust for money,especially the mother in the house who is so eager to have much more money that she neglects her children and even cannot love them in a normal way.So,this whisper has sunk deep down into their hearts.Although this family live in style,they are not satisfied by their situation, especially the mother,who always feels that they need more money.This repetition indicates the destruction of industrialization over human nature.In industrial society,people pursue wealth and fame avariciously.Perhaps,not only the people in this house can hear such repetition,but also those who live in such social environment.2.Does“luck”mean money?How do you define luck?Key:Sometimes“luck”means money,because it brings good chances to get money.For example,if we are lucky enough,we may get a good job or sign a contract with our partners easily.Luck is a mysterious thing,and it will favor those who make preparation for it. That is,if you want to be lucky,you should pave the way for“luck”.For example,if you want to get a good job,you should obtain knowledge and master skills to meet the need of work,and when chances come,you will be lucky enough to get it.That is how“luck”works.3.Who kills Paul?Key:His mother kills him.Because that his mother always wants to have much more money,Paul decides to ride on the rocking-horse to a“lucky”place,and when he is in a furious state,he can foresee the horse that will win in the following game.At the beginning,Paul gets a lot of money by this way,but it still cannot make his mother satisfied,and the whisper becomes louder.However, afterwards,Paul’s precognition is not so efficacious,and when he has the last try,he falls down from the rocking-horse,shortly after,he dies.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第3单元 弗朗西斯
第3单元弗朗西斯•培根Of Marriage and Single Life1.Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?Key:Sometimes,marriage can be an impediment,and sometimes,it can help one develop his or her career as well,because it depends on the quality of the marriage.As the saying goes“A peaceful family will prosper”,so we can say that husbands and wives can benefit a lot from good marriages,while a terrible marriage will ruin both sides.In a good marriage,husband and wife will be happier,and they will help and encourage each other,which will be good for their careers.On the contrary,in an unhappy marriage,husband and wife usually quarrel a lot and things tend to be worse.2.In what sense are wife and children“a kind of discipline of humanity”?Key:A single man has no others to think about,so he is likely to think of himself and spend a lot of money on himself.What’s more,he tends to take any risk if he wants to,for he does not need to be responsible for anyone.However,a married man cannot be so go-as-you-please,because he has wife and children, and he must be responsible for them.Furthermore,he has to work hard to fulfill his wife and children’s expectation.He becomes a loving man,who not only loves his wife and children,but also loves others.A loving husband and a qualified father can contribute the greatest merit to the public to a large extent.In this sense,we can say that wife and children are“a kind of discipline of humanity”.3.Bacon prefers marriage to single life.Do you find his arguments convincing? Key:Yes,I think Bacon’s arguments are convincing.He proves his points by comparison.He clearly points out the disadvantages of single life and the advantages of marriage.For instance,a single person only cares about himself, and does not pay attention to the future;a married man tends to become responsible,tender,enthusiastic and warm-hearted.As the sentence goes “wives are young men’s mistresses,companions for middle age,and old men’s nurses”which means that when a man is young,his wife can make many decisions and arrangements for the family;when he comes to middle age,wife always stays with him as a companion;when he becomes old,wife will take care of him till the end of life.Even though a woman marries a bad husband,marriage offers a chance for husband to correct themselves.These points all are reasonable,which make Bacon’s arguments very convincing.Of Study1.We are now living in the age of“information explosion”.What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s“Of Studies”in our access to information?Key:According to Bacon’s opinion:“studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience”.Weshould combine theory and practice together.That is,practicing what we have learned is quite important.Bacon’s idea that“some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.”also teaches us to use different methods of reading in terms of the quality and content of the book.When we face information,we should do some selections rather than easily trust them all.More importantly,we should have an independent mind.2.In what sense does reading make a full man?Key:As Bacon says“Histories make men wise,poets,witty;the mathematics, subtle;natural philosophy,deep;moral,grave;logic and rhetoric,able to contend”,we can know that different books and subjects have their different influences on people.Some books can make people wiser and make fewer mistakes;some books can make people wittier and more sensible to beauty; some books can make people think in a more scientific and accurate way…So reading can cultivate and better a man.In this sense,reading makes a full man.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第5单元 冒险小说作家)【圣才出品】
第5单元冒险小说作家Daniel Defoe1.Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tent convincing?Could you think of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?Key:Yes,I think it is convincing.Crusoe takes everything into his consideration and makes sure his shelter is comfortable and safe.He takes advantage of the natural resources.Perhaps,there is no way to build a better one than his.2.What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time?Why is it important for him to keep track of time?Key:I think it’s a good way.The reason is that Crusoe is a civilized man and time is very valuable to him. In fact,he represents the hard-working middle class,and has the sense of working hard and cherishing time.3.From this excerpt,what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe?Key:From this excerpt,we can find many admirable characteristics in Robinson Crusoe.He is adventurous,practical,thoughtful,hard-working,brave,shrewd, energetic,optimistic,strong-minded and kind-hearted…Under the special circumstance,Crusoe shows many good and valuable qualities of human beings.Jonathan Swift1.In what ways are Yahoos comparable to human beings in Gulliver’s Travels? Comment on the Houyhnhnms’attitude toward human beings.Key:Both human beings and Yahoos are warlike,greedy,jealous,gluttonous and filthy…What’s more,they eat everything that they can find no matter the food is good or bad for them;they would be sick because of nastiness and greediness; they would suffer from depression because of their idleness;the female Yahoos have nasty qualities,such as lewdness,coquetry,censure and scandal.Yahoos and human beings have many features in common.The Houyhnhnms’attitude toward human beings is critical,malicious and objective.They are not slandering,for human beings indeed have all the defects that the Houyhnhnms have mentioned.It seems that they know about human beings clearly and they compare Yahoos and humankind in a very elaborative way. Their points of view are very convincing.2.What are the symbolic meanings of Yahoos and Houyhnhnms?Key:Yahoos and Houyhnhnms represent the evil human nature and good qualities of humankind respectively.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解【圣才出品】
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.How is the setting of the tales described?With such a setting,could you predict the general tone of the tales that are to follow?Key:(1)Chaucer sets the tales in the spring,describing both the natural world and people—the natural world shows a kind of renewal and rebirth,and people begin to stir after the long sleep of winter.Chaucer’s description of the landscape is lively(欢快的)and fresh(清新的),since he speaks of budding flowers,growing crops and singing birds.(2)According to such a setting,we can predict that the general tone of the tales will be light,sprightly(活泼的、愉快的)and humorous.2.In your own words,summarize the character of the Knight from the brief introduction in this excerpt.Key:According to the excerpt,we can see that the Knight has followed chivalry—truth,honor,freedom and courtesy. He had fought many battles for the faith of people.He is a brave,wise,modest and“truly perfect gentle-knight”.3.Without comparison with the translated version,are there words still recognizable to you in the original Middle English version?Key:Yes,there are many words can be recognized.Because many words only contain few different letters compared with the modern words.What’s more,sometimes,we can recognize the words by guess or by the sense-group.第2单元威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1.Why sleep is so frightening,according to Hamlet,since it can“end”“the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”? Key:Death means the end of life.If he dies,he may go to an unknown world and can never come back.In this sense, Hamlet cannot take revenge on his uncle for his father,failing to realize his will.Though“sleep”can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks,it is a state of mind that Hamlet doesn’t know at all.He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long“dream”.He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep,may be good may be evil.2.Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them,according to Hamlet?Key:According to Hamlet,because that people don’t know what lying there waiting for them in the unknown world, maybe something more terrible than that in the mortal world.3.What,after all,makes people lose their determination to take action?Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Key:It is the fear for the unknown world after death and the lack of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action.Hamlet doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself,so he is hesitated.However,Hamlet’s hesitation should be seen from a different point of view.The main reason lies in his concern for his nation.Hamlet is a true man.He wants to change the dark existing world,but it is beyond his ability, so he has no idea what he should do.He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society.So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark.His revenge is not everything for him.And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may cause some disorders in the country.Thus he is confused about his action. Romeo and Juliet1.What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?Key:Romeo compares Juliet to the sun.2.What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?Key:They think that since their family names hinder them from loving each other,they prefer that the names Montague and Capulet have nothing to do with themselves and even give them up.3.What does Romeo mean when he says“Look thou but sweet,/And I am proof against their enmity”?Key:It means that Romeo loves Juliet so much that he thinks that the love can protect him from harm and dissolve the hatred between their families.Sonnet181.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Key:The poet thinks that he should not“compare thee to a summer’s day”,because“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”.And,in the following part,he gives his reasons.2.What makes the poet think that“thou”can be more beautiful(fair)than summer and immortal?Key:Because the poet thinks that“thy eternal summer shall not fade”for they will be preserved and perpetuated in the lines he writes.第3单元弗朗西斯•培根Of Marriage and Single Life1.Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?Key:Sometimes,marriage can be an impediment,and sometimes,it can help one develop his or her career as well, because it depends on the quality of the marriage.As the saying goes“A peaceful family will prosper”,so we can say that husbands and wives can benefit a lot from good marriages,while a terrible marriage will ruin both sides.In a good marriage,husband and wife will be happier,and they will help and encourage each other,which will be good for their careers.On the contrary,in an unhappy marriage,husband and wife usually quarrel a lot and things tend to be worse.2.In what sense are wife and children“a kind of discipline of humanity”?Key:A single man has no others to think about,so he is likely to think of himself and spend a lot of money on himself. What’s more,he tends to take any risk if he wants to,for he does not need to be responsible for anyone.However,a married man cannot be so go-as-you-please,because he has wife and children,and he must be responsible for them. Furthermore,he has to work hard to fulfill his wife and children’s expectation.He becomes a loving man,who not only loves his wife and children,but also loves others.A loving husband and a qualified father can contribute the greatest merit to the public to a large extent.In this sense,we can say that wife and children are“a kind of discipline of humanity”.3.Bacon prefers marriage to single life.Do you find his arguments convincing?Key:Yes,I think Bacon’s arguments are convincing.He proves his points by comparison.He clearly points out the disadvantages of single life and the advantages of marriage.For instance,a single person only cares about himself,and does not pay attention to the future;a married man tends to become responsible,tender,enthusiastic and warm-hearted. As the sentence goes“wives are young men’s mistresses,companions for middle age,and old men’s nurses”which means that when a man is young,his wife can make many decisions and arrangements for the family;when he comes to middle age,wife always stays with him as a companion;when he becomes old,wife will take care of him till the end of life.Even though a woman marries a bad husband,marriage offers a chance for husband to correct themselves. These points all are reasonable,which make Bacon’s arguments very convincing.Of Study1.We are now living in the age of“information explosion”.What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s“Of Studies”in our access to information?Key:According to Bacon’s opinion:“studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience”.We should combine theory and practice together.That is,practicing what we have learned is quite important.Bacon’s idea that“some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.”also teaches us to use different methods of reading in terms of the quality and content of the book.When we face information,we should do some selections rather than easily trust them all.More importantly,we should have an independent mind.2.In what sense does reading make a full man?Key:As Bacon says“Histories make men wise,poets,witty;the mathematics,subtle;natural philosophy,deep;moral, grave;logic and rhetoric,able to contend”,we can know that different books and subjects have their different influences on people.Some books can make people wiser and make fewer mistakes;some books can make people wittier and more sensible to beauty;some books can make people think in a more scientific and accurate way…So reading can cultivate and better a man.In this sense,reading makes a full man.第4单元17世纪英国诗人The Flea1.Why does the poet say that"this cannot be said a sin,or shame,or loss of maidenhead"?Key:Because it is the flea that sucked their blood and made them mingled together,they are not sinful or shameful, and the man’s beloved does not loss her maidenhead.The flea has joined them together in a way that“alas,is more than we would do”.2.What do you think is the addressee’s parents’attitude toward the poet’s wooing?Key:The addressee’s parents’attitude is against the poet’s wooing.3.What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea"thou"are actually killing three lives?Key:The poet compares the killing of the flea to murder.He thinks that if his beloved kills the flea,he and she would be killed within the flea.He even states that the act of killing the flea would be“sacrilege”.If the lover denies the fact that their blood and therefore their lives are contained within the flea,it is similar to committing an irreligious act. This would seem to acknowledge that their closeness within the flea is allowable.The importunate lover wishes his mistress to understand that she should accept his wooing because there is nothing wrong with the unity of two people. Holy Sonnet101.Why does the poet say that death is the“slave to fate,chance,kings and desperate men”?Key:Because for the most part,fate,chance,kings and desperate men can threaten some people with Death when they like to,and by this way,Death is exploited and may be forced to do what it does not want to.In this sense,death is a slave.2.What does the poet mean when he says“we wake eternally”after one short sleep?Key:The poet was a priest and he believed that the soul of men would never die.After death,men would enter another world and lived forever.In this sense,after death,men“wake eternally”.John Milton1.Where are the serpent(“the”in line51)and his followers condemned after their defeat?Key:The serpent and his followers are condemned into the hell by God.2.What are the God’s punishments for those rebellious angels as described by Milton in lines59-74?Key:Those rebellious angels are sent into the horrible dungeon filled with flames,darkness,floods and whirlwinds,in which there is no peace,rest or hope,but full of sorrow and torture.3.What is considered by Satan as“ignominy”and“shame”(line ll5)?Key:Satan considers that“To bow and sue for grace/With suppliant knee,and deify his power/Who from the terror of this arm so late/Doubted his empire-that were low indeed”is“ignominy and shame”.That is,he thinks that it is shameful to bow to God to ask for grace and forgiveness.4.What is Satan advising the serpent and his followers to do in this part of Paradise Lost?Key:Satan advices the serpent and his followers to fight against God.第5单元冒险小说作家Daniel Defoe1.Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tent convincing?Could you think of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?Key:Yes,I think it is convincing.Crusoe takes everything into his consideration and makes sure his shelter is comfortable and safe.He takes advantage of the natural resources.Perhaps,there is no way to build a better one than his.2.What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time?Why is it important for him to keep track of time?Key:I think it’s a good way.The reason is that Crusoe is a civilized man and time is very valuable to him.In fact,he represents the hard-working middle class,and has the sense of working hard and cherishing time.3.From this excerpt,what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe?Key:From this excerpt,we can find many admirable characteristics in Robinson Crusoe.He is adventurous,practical, thoughtful,hard-working,brave,shrewd,energetic,optimistic,strong-minded and kind-hearted…Under the special circumstance,Crusoe shows many good and valuable qualities of human beings.Jonathan Swift1.In what ways are Yahoos comparable to human beings in Gulliver’s Travels?Comment on the Houyhnhnms’attitude toward human beings.Key:Both human beings and Yahoos are warlike,greedy,jealous,gluttonous and filthy…What’s more,they eat everything that they can find no matter the food is good or bad for them;they would be sick because of nastiness and greediness;they would suffer from depression because of their idleness;the female Yahoos have nasty qualities,such as lewdness,coquetry,censure and scandal.Yahoos and human beings have many features in common.The Houyhnhnms’attitude toward human beings is critical,malicious and objective.They are not slandering,for human beings indeed have all the defects that the Houyhnhnms have mentioned.It seems that they know about human beings clearly and they compare Yahoos and humankind in a very elaborative way.Their points of view are very convincing.2.What are the symbolic meanings of Yahoos and Houyhnhnms?Key:Yahoos and Houyhnhnms represent the evil human nature and good qualities of humankind respectively.第6单元浪漫主义诗人（1）William BlakeThe Lamb1.Does this poem describe a lamb or the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb?What is the relation of the lamb and the child to God?Key:The poem describes the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb by which shows the gentleness and tenderness of the lamb.The lamb is the symbol of the child to the God.It shows the love of God that he creates the lamb and Jesus is often called the lamb of the God.So,the poem not only appreciates the kindness of the lamb but also praise the mysterious power which creates the lamb.In this sense,God,Jesus and the lamb combine together.2.What does the Lamb stand for?Key:The Lamb stands for Jesus Christ,who was offered by God as the final sacrifice for the sins of humankind.The Lamb and Jesus have virtues in common:gentleness,tenderness,kindness and compassion.So,the Lamb also stands for these good attributes.The Tiger1.Why does the poet mention the Lamb?Do you think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other?Key:The Tiger is corresponding to The Lamb.Both the poems show the poet’s exploration,understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation.In this poem,the poet implies that the Tiger as well as the Lamb are both created by God. So the Tiger and the Lamb share the same creator and have some kind of relationship.Yes,I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other.The lamb represents the kind and gentle humanities,but it lacks the motivation to make progress.While the tiger will cause the social misery,unrest or even disruption,but it can stimulate people’s creativity.So the tiger becomes the symbol of strength and courage.In this sense,the Tiger and the Lamb can illuminate each other.2.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger?What idea does the poet want to express?Key:The tiger symbolizes the God’s power in creation and it becomes the embodiment of beauty,strength,vitality and complexity.The poet’s idea is that God not only create the kind lamb but also create the tough tiger.So God is mysterious and complicated and nobody can indeed know about God.The Sick Rose1.In what sense do you think the rose is“sick”?Key:On a superficial and literal level,the rose is invaded by the worm and become sick.On a deeper level,the“sick”rose has several symbolic meanings:a)the rose symbolizes young girls,and the worm refers to impure love of men, which defiles the girls’chastity.Thus,the girls are destroyed.b)The rose symbolizes the toiling masses that are under the exploitation and oppression of the capitalism represented by the worm.It means that there is something wrong with the whole social system.c)The rose symbolizes the soul and spirit of man,while the worm symbolizes the ugly and evil aspects of humanity.The rose is“sick”,because that innocence is replaced by experience,and the virtues are replaced by the evil as well.2.Should there be any symbolic meanings for the night and the storm?If so,what meanings would you suggest? Key:Yes,there are some symbolic meanings for the night and the storm.Based on the symbolic meanings of the rose and the worm,we can find that the night and the storm symbolize the deceit and impure love of men,the progress of capitalism and the process of gaining experience.Robert Burns。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第18单元 爱德华
1/1十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书 第18单元爱德华•摩根•福斯特1.Why did Mr.Lucas want to stay at Colonus?Key:Because he was attracted by the place that impressed him very favorably.The trees were fine,and there was something very poetic in the spring of clear running water.The people too seemed kindly and civil.The place brought him happiness and peace.He liked Colonus very much and he feared that “old thoughts,old wearinesses might be waiting to rejoin him as soon as he left the shade of the planes,and the music of the virgin water.”2.How did Ethel make Mr.Lucas leave with the group?Key:Ethel asked Mr.Graham for help.Mr.Graham took Mr.Lucas onto the back of his mule all of a sudden,and rode away with him under the help of others.Mr.Lucas was taken away unwillingly.3.Is Mr.Lucas lucky or unlucky to have escaped the fall of the tree?Key:In the normal sense,we will think that it is lucky for Mr.Lucas to escape the fall of the tree,because he can continue his life and receive his daughter’s love.But as to himself,he may not feel that he is lucky,because as he left Colonus,he loses his own control over his life and he does not know what the meaning of his later life.In fact,we don’t know which result is better for him.。
王守仁-英国文学选读第三版-期末复习资料整理
- 11 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔 泰勒 科乐吕致 - 《Kubla Khan》忽必烈汗
BISTU Chauncey保留一切相关权利
B/N
- 12 Jane Austen 简 奥斯汀 - 《Pride and Pre Judice》傲慢与偏见 - 13 George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登 拜伦 - 《She walks in Beauty》她在美中行 - 《Don Juan》唐璜 - 14 Percy Bysshe Shelly 波西 比希 雪莱 - 《Ode the West Wind》西风颂 - 15 John Keats 约翰 济慈 - 《Ode on a Grecian Urn》希腊古瓮颂 - 16 Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂 勃朗特 - 《Jane Ruge》简爱 - 17 Charles Dickens 查尔斯 狄更斯 - 《Great Expectations》远大前程 - 18 Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗雷德 丁尼生 - 《The Eagle》鹰 - 19 Robert Browning 罗伯特 布朗宁 - 《My last Duchess》我已故的公爵夫人 - 20 Matthew Arnold 马修 阿诺德 - 《Dover Beach》多佛海滩 - 21 Thomas Hardy 托马斯 哈代
[2.] In what sense does reading make a full man? Reading makes a full man. Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.
王守仁 英国文学选读unit3
• Bacon was English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. • Bacon’s works may be divided into three groups: the philosophical works; the literal works; and the professional works. • Bacon was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He published The advancement of Learning (1605)and The New Instrument (1620) . The former deals with the accomplishments of science up to his time. In this work he analyzed the various divisions of knowledge and considered the possible means of advancing them. In the latter Bacon described the method by which knowledge could be universalized.
3.Of studies
• • • • • • • • • • • a. five parts: purpose of reading attitudes towards study principles of studies study method study develop your character/effect of study on human character Style: a.. The arguments are well arranged in unity and coherence in one paragraph. b. the conciseness of expressions and phrases presents a plain style as well as his simple language. c. The simple metaphors have deep implications. d. The omission makes the essay concise, clear and coherent. e. The natural flow of parallels makes his logic and philosophical argument convincingly and forceful. E.g. To spend too much time in study… Crafty man… simple man….
《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲
《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲课程编号：100187英文名：Selected Readings in British and American Literature课程类别：专业主干课前置课: 英美文学导论学分：3学分课时：54课时主讲教师：冯建文选定教材：王守仁，《英国文学选读》,高等教育出版社，2001年。
陶洁，《美国文学选读》，高等教育出版社，2001年。
课程概述：《英美文学选读》课程的教学内容是根据本课程的性质、学习目的以及英语专业高年级教学的特点确定的。
本课程主要内容包括英国和美国文学史上代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
结合英国和美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮和流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对英国和美国文学史上最具有影响、最具有代表性的作家的作品中的艺术特色、主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格和思想意义等进行深入地分析。
教学目的：《英美文学选读》是英语语言文学专业本科四年级学生的选修课程，是为培养理解和鉴赏英国和美国文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。
设置本课程旨在使学生在掌握英国和美国文学源流和发展的基础之上，通过阅读具有代表性的英国和美国文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，增强对作品中表现的社会生活和人物感情的理解，提高语言基本功和阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。
教学方法：课堂讲授和研讨相结合，教师布置学生课前对作家生平和历史背景进行研究，并向学生提供参考书目和相关网站；课堂上进行重点阅读和分析；组织课堂讨论，鼓励新视角和新思维；并通过影视、多媒体等手段辅助教学，在期中和期末布置学期论文和考查来检验教学效果。
各章教学要求及教学要点(加星号*为重点内容)英国文学部分第一章：Early And Medieval English Literature教学要求：细读英国伟大诗人乔叟的代表作品《坎特伯雷故事集》的节选，分析其主要语言和叙事特色，解读作品中反映出的中世纪的宗教、政治、经济和市民生活等诸多方面的问题。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3、4版)笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解
目录第1单元杰弗里•乔叟 (7)1.1复习笔记 (7)1.2课后习题详解 (8)1.3考研真题与典型题详解 (8)第2单元威廉•莎士比亚 (13)2.1复习笔记 (13)2.2课后习题详解 (16)2.3考研真题与典型题详解 (17)第3单元弗朗西斯•培根 (26)3.1复习笔记 (26)3.2课后习题详解 (26)3.3考研真题与典型题详解 (27)第4单元17世纪英国诗人 (30)4.1复习笔记 (30)4.2课后习题详解 (32)4.3考研真题与典型题详解 (33)第5单元冒险小说作家 (39)5.1复习笔记 (39)5.2课后习题详解 (41)5.3考研真题与典型题详解 (42)第6单元浪漫主义诗人(1) (50)6.1复习笔记 (50)6.2课后习题详解 (54)6.3考研真题与典型题详解 (56)第7单元简•奥斯汀 (66)7.1复习笔记 (66)7.2课后习题详解 (67)7.3考研真题与典型题详解 (67)第8单元浪漫主义诗人(2) (72)8.1复习笔记 (72)8.2课后习题详解 (74)8.3考研真题与典型题详解 (75)第9单元夏洛蒂•勃朗特 (86)9.1复习笔记 (86)9.2课后习题详解 (87)9.3考研真题与典型题详解 (88)第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯 (92)10.1复习笔记 (92)10.2课后习题详解 (93)10.3考研真题与典型题详解 (94)第11单元维多利亚时代的诗人 (100)11.1复习笔记 (100)11.2课后习题详解 (102)11.3考研真题与典型题详解 (104)第12单元托马斯•哈代 (115)12.1复习笔记 (115)12.2课后习题详解 (116)12.3考研真题与典型题详解 (117)第13单元现代剧作家 (121)13.1复习笔记 (121)13.2课后习题详解 (123)13.3考研真题与典型题详解 (124)第14单元约瑟夫•康拉德 (130)14.1复习笔记 (130)14.2课后习题详解 (131)14.3考研真题与典型题详解 (132)第15单元20世纪英国诗人(1) (134)15.1复习笔记 (134)15.2课后习题详解 (136)15.3考研真题与典型题详解 (137)第16单元现代主义小说家(1) (152)16.1复习笔记 (152)16.2课后习题详解 (154)16.3考研真题与典型题详解 (155)第17单元现代主义小说家(2) (163)17.1复习笔记 (163)17.2课后习题详解 (164)17.3考研真题与典型题详解 (164)第18单元E•M•福斯特 (168)18.1复习笔记 (168)18.2课后习题详解 (169)18.3考研真题与典型题详解 (170)第19单元威廉•戈尔丁 (173)19.1复习笔记 (173)19.2课后习题详解 (174)19.3考研真题与典型题详解 (174)第20单元多丽斯•莱辛 (177)20.1复习笔记 (177)20.2课后习题详解 (178)20.3考研真题与典型题详解 (178)第21单元约翰•福尔斯 (181)21.1复习笔记 (181)21.2课后习题详解 (182)21.3考研真题与典型题详解 (182)第22单元20世纪英国诗人(2) (184)22.1复习笔记 (184)22.2课后习题详解 (187)22.3考研真题与典型题详解 (188)第23单元 A. S. 拜厄特 (192)23.1复习笔记 (192)23.2课后习题详解 (193)23.3考研真题与典型题详解 (193)第24单元V. S. 奈保尔 (195)24.1复习笔记 (195)24.2课后习题详解 (196)24.3考研真题与典型题详解 (197)第25单元格雷厄姆•斯维夫特 (199)25.1复习笔记 (199)25.2课后习题详解 (200)25.3考研真题与典型题详解 (200)第26单元石黑一雄 (202)26.1复习笔记 (202)26.2课后习题详解 (203)26.3考研真题与典型题详解 (203)第27单元伊恩•麦克尤恩 (205)27.1复习笔记 (205)27.2课后习题详解 (206)27.3考研真题与典型题详解 (206)第28单元朱利安•巴恩斯 (207)28.1复习笔记 (207)28.2课后习题详解 (208)28.3考研真题与典型题详解 (208)第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里·乔叟)(1343-1400)1. Life (生平)Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer‘s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets‘ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第1单元 杰弗里
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.How is the setting of the tales described?With such a setting,could you predict the general tone of the tales that are to follow?Key:(1)Chaucer sets the tales in the spring,describing both the natural world and people—the natural world shows a kind of renewal and rebirth,and people begin to stir after the long sleep of winter.Chaucer’s description of the landscape is lively(欢快的)and fresh(清新的),since he speaks of budding flowers, growing crops and singing birds.(2)According to such a setting,we can predict that the general tone of the tales will be light,sprightly(活泼的、愉快的)and humorous.2.In your own words,summarize the character of the Knight from the brief introduction in this excerpt.Key:According to the excerpt,we can see that the Knight has followed chivalry—truth,honor,freedom and courtesy.He had fought many battles for the faith of people.He is a brave,wise,modest and“truly perfect gentle-knight”.3.Without comparison with the translated version,are there words still recognizable to you in the original Middle English version?Key:Yes,there are many words can be recognized.Because many words only contain few different letters compared with the modern words.What’s more,sometimes,we can recognize the words by guess or by the sense-group.。
(NEW)王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解
目 录第1单元 杰弗里•乔叟第2单元 威廉•莎士比亚第3单元 弗朗西斯•培根第4单元 17世纪英国诗人第5单元 冒险小说作家第6单元 浪漫主义诗人（1）第7单元 简•奥斯汀第8单元 浪漫主义诗人（2）第9单元 夏洛蒂•勃朗特第10单元 查尔斯•狄更斯第11单元 维多利亚时代的诗人第12单元 托马斯•哈代第13单元 现代剧作家第14单元 约瑟夫•康拉德第15单元 20世纪英国诗人（1）第16单元 现代主义小说家（1）第17单元 现代主义小说家（2）第18单元 爱德华•摩根•福斯特第19单元 威廉•戈尔丁第20单元 多丽丝•莱辛第21单元 约翰•福尔斯第22单元 20世纪英国诗人（2）第23单元 A.S.拜厄特第24单元 V.S.奈保尔第25单元 格雷厄姆•斯威夫特第26单元 石黑一雄第1单元 杰弗里•乔叟1How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales that are to follow?Key: (1) Chaucer sets the tales in the spring, describing both the natural world and people—the natural world shows a kind of renewal and rebirth, and people begin to stir after the long sleep of winter. Chaucer’s description of the landscape is lively (欢快的) and fresh (清新的), since he speaks of budding flowers, growing crops and singing birds.(2) According to such a setting, we can predict that the general tone of the tales will be light, sprightly (活泼的、愉快的) and humorous.2In your own words, summarize the character of the Knight from the brief introduction in this excerpt.Key: According to the excerpt, we can see that the Knight has followed chivalry—truth, honor, freedom and courtesy. He had fought many battles for the faith of people. He is a brave, wise, modest and “truly perfect gentle-knight”.3Without comparison with the translated version, are there words still recognizable to you in the original Middle English version?Key: Yes, there are many words can be recognized. Because many words only contain few different letters compared with the modern words. What’s more, sometimes, we can recognize the words by guess or by the sense-group.第2单元 威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” “the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Key: Death means the end of life. If he dies, he may go to an unknown world and can never come back. In this sense, Hamlet cannot take revenge on his uncle for his father, failing to realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind that Hamlet doesn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Key: According to Hamlet, because that people don’t know what lying there waiting for them in the unknown world, maybe something more terrible than that in the mortal world.3What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Key: It is the fear for the unknown world after death and the lack of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action. Hamlet doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself, so he is hesitated. However, Hamlet’s hesitation should be seen from a different point of view. The main reason lies in his concern for his nation. Hamlet is a true man. He wants to change the dark existing world, but it is beyond his ability, so he has no idea what he should do. He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society. So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark. His revenge is not everything for him. And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may cause some disorders in the country. Thus he is confused about his action.Romeo and Juliet1What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?Key: Romeo compares Juliet to the sun.2What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?Key: They think that since their family names hinder them from loving each other, they prefer that the names Montague and Capulet have nothing to do with themselves and even give them up.3What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet,/And I am proof against their enmity”?Key: It means that Romeo loves Juliet so much that he thinks that the love can protect him from harm and dissolve the hatred between their families. Sonnet 181How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Key: The poet thinks that he should not “compare thee to a summer’s day”, because “Thou art more lovely and more temperate”. And, in the following part, he gives his reasons.2What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more beautiful (fair) than summer and immortal?Key: Because the poet thinks that “thy eternal summer shall not fade” for they will be preserved and perpetuated in the lines he writes.第3单元 弗朗西斯•培根Of Marriage and Single Life1Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?Key: Sometimes, marriage can be an impediment, and sometimes, it can help one develop his or her career as well, because it depends on the quality of the marriage. As the saying goes “A peaceful family will prosper”, so we can say that husbands and wives can benefit a lot from good marriages, while a terrible marriage will ruin both sides. In a good marriage, husband and wife will be happier, and they will help and encourage each other, which will be good for their careers. On the contrary, in an unhappy marriage, husband and wife usually quarrel a lot and things tend to be worse.2In what sense are wife and children “a kind of discipline of humanity”? Key: A single man has no others to think about, so he is likely to think of himself and spend a lot of money on himself. What’s more, he tends to take any risk if he wants to, for he does not need to be responsible for anyone. However, a married man cannot be so go-as-you-please, because he has wife and children, and he must be responsible for them. Furthermore, he has to work hard to fulfill his wife and children’s expectation. He becomes a loving man, who not only loves his wife and children, but also loves others. A loving husband and a qualified father can contribute the greatest merit to the public to a large extent. In this sense, we can say that wife and children are “a kind of discipline of humanity”.3Bacon prefers marriage to single life. Do you find his arguments convincing?Key: Yes, I think Bacon’s arguments are convincing. He proves his points by comparison. He clearly points out the disadvantages of single life and the advantages of marriage. For instance, a single person only cares about himself, and does not pay attention to the future; a married man tends to become responsible, tender, enthusiastic and warm-hearted. As the sentence goes “wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age, and oldmen’s nurses” which means that when a man is young, his wife can make many decisions and arrangements for the family; when he comes to middle age, wife always stays with him as a companion; when he becomes old, wife will take care of him till the end of life. Even though a woman marries a bad husband, marriage offers a chance for husband to correct themselves. These points all are reasonable, which make Bacon’s arguments very convincing. Of Study1We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s “Of Studies” in our access to information?Key: According to Bacon’s opinion: “studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience”. We should combine theory and practice together. That is, practicing what we have learned is quite important.Bacon’s idea that “some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.” also teaches us to use different methods of reading in terms of the quality and content of the book. When we face information, we should do some selections rather than easily trust them all. More importantly, we should have an independent mind.2In what sense does reading make a full man?Key: As Bacon says “Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend”, we can know that different books and subjects have their different influences on people. Some books can make people wiser and make fewer mistakes; some books can make people wittier and more sensible to beauty; some books can make people think in a more scientific and accurate way…So reading can cultivate and better a man. In this sense, reading makes a full man.第4单元 17世纪英国诗人The Flea1Why does the poet say that "this cannot be said a sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead"?Key: Because it is the flea that sucked their blood and made them mingled together, they are not sinful or shameful, and the man’s beloved does not loss her maidenhead. The flea has joined them together in a way that “alas, is more than we would do”.2What do you think is the addressee’s parents’ attitude toward the poet’s wooing?Key: The addressee’s parents’ attitude is against the poet’s wooing.3What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea "thou" are actually killing three lives?Key: The poet compares the killing of the flea to murder. He thinks that if his beloved kills the flea, he and she would be killed within the flea. He even states that the act of killing the flea would be “sacrilege”. If the lover denies the fact that their blood and therefore their lives are contained within the flea, it is similar to committing an irreligious act. This would seem to acknowledge that their closeness within the flea is allowable. The importunate lover wishes his mistress to understand that she should accept his wooing because there is nothing wrong with the unity of two people.Holy Sonnet 101Why does the poet say that death is the “slave to fate, chance, kings and desperate men”?Key: Because for the most part, fate, chance, kings and desperate men can threaten some people with Death when they like to, and by this way, Death is exploited and may be forced to do what it does not want to. In this sense, death is a slave.2What does the poet mean when he says “we wake eternally” after one short sleep?Key: The poet was a priest and he believed that the soul of men would never die. After death, men would enter another world and lived forever. In this sense, after death, men “wake eternally”.John Milton1Where are the serpent (“the” in line 51) and his followers condemned after their defeat?Key: The serpent and his followers are condemned into the hell by God.2What are the God’s punishments for those rebellious angels as described by Milton in lines 59-74?Key: Those rebellious angels are sent into the horrible dungeon filled with flames, darkness, floods and whirlwinds, in which there is no peace, rest or hope, but full of sorrow and torture.3What is considered by Satan as “ignominy” and “shame” (line ll5)?Key: Satan considers that “To bow and sue for grace/ With suppliant knee, and deify his power/ Who from the terror of this arm so late/ Doubted his empire-that were low indeed” is “ignominy and shame”. That is, he thinks that it is shameful to bow to God to ask for grace and forgiveness.4What is Satan advising the serpent and his followers to do in this part of Paradise Lost?Key: Satan advices the serpent and his followers to fight against God.第5单元 冒险小说作家Daniel Defoe1Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tent convincing? Could you think of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?Key: Yes, I think it is convincing. Crusoe takes everything into his consideration and makes sure his shelter is comfortable and safe. He takes advantage of the natural resources. Perhaps, there is no way to build a better one than his.2What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time? Why is it important for him to keep track of time?Key: I think it’s a good way.The reason is that Crusoe is a civilized man and time is very valuable to him. In fact, he represents the hard-working middle class, and has the sense of working hard and cherishing time.3From this excerpt, what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe?Key: From this excerpt, we can find many admirable characteristics in Robinson Crusoe. He is adventurous, practical, thoughtful, hard-working, brave, shrewd, energetic, optimistic, strong-minded and kind-hearted…Under the special circumstance, Crusoe shows many good and valuable qualities of human beings.Jonathan Swift1In what ways are Yahoos comparable to human beings in Gulliver’s Travels? Comment on the Houyhnhnms’ attitude toward human beings. Key: Both human beings and Yahoos are warlike, greedy, jealous, gluttonous and filthy… What’s more, they eat everything that they can find no matter the food is good or bad for them; they would be sick because of nastiness and greediness; they would suffer from depression because of their idleness; thefemale Yahoos have nasty qualities, such as lewdness, coquetry, censure and scandal. Yahoos and human beings have many features in common.The Houyhnhnms’ attitude toward human beings is critical, malicious and objective. They are not slandering, for human beings indeed have all the defects that the Houyhnhnms have mentioned. It seems that they know about human beings clearly and they compare Yahoos and humankind in a very elaborative way. Their points of view are very convincing.2What are the symbolic meanings of Yahoos and Houyhnhnms?Key: Yahoos and Houyhnhnms represent the evil human nature and good qualities of humankind respectively.第6单元 浪漫主义诗人（1）William BlakeThe Lamb1Does this poem describe a lamb or the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb? What is the relation of the lamb and the child to God?Key: The poem describes the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb by which shows the gentleness and tenderness of the lamb.The lamb is the symbol of the child to the God. It shows the love of God that he creates the lamb and Jesus is often called the lamb of the God. So, the poem not only appreciates the kindness of the lamb but also praise the mysterious power which creates the lamb. In this sense, God, Jesus and the lamb combine together.2What does the Lamb stand for?Key: The Lamb stands for Jesus Christ, who was offered by God as the final sacrifice for the sins of humankind. The Lamb and Jesus have virtues in common: gentleness, tenderness, kindness and compassion. So, the Lamb also stands for these good attributes.The Tiger1Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other?Key: The Tiger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the poet implies that the Tiger as well as the Lamb are both created by God. So the Tiger and the Lamb share the same creator and have some kind of relationship.Yes, I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. The lamb represents the kind and gentle humanities, but it lacks the motivation to makeprogress. While the tiger will cause the social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can stimulate people’s creativity. So the tiger becomes the symbol of strength and courage. In this sense, the Tiger and the Lamb can illuminate each other.2What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express?Key: The tiger symbolizes the God’s power in creation and it becomes the embodiment of beauty, strength, vitality and complexity.The poet’s idea is that God not only create the kind lamb but also create the tough tiger. So God is mysterious and complicated and nobody can indeed know about God.The Sick Rose1In what sense do you think the rose is “sick”?Key: On a superficial and literal level, the rose is invaded by the worm and become sick. On a deeper level, the “sick” rose has several symbolic meanings: a) the rose symbolizes young girls, and the worm refers to impure love of men, which defiles the girls’ chastity. Thus, the girls are destroyed. b) The rose symbolizes the toiling masses that are under the exploitation and oppression of the capitalism represented by the worm. It means that there is something wrong with the whole social system. c) The rose symbolizes the soul and spirit of man, while the worm symbolizes the ugly and evil aspects of humanity. The rose is “sick”, because that innocence is replaced by experience, and the virtues are replaced by the evil as well.2Should there be any symbolic meanings for the night and the storm? If so, what meanings would you suggest?Key: Yes, there are some symbolic meanings for the night and the storm. Based on the symbolic meanings of the rose and the worm, we can find that the night and the storm symbolize the deceit and impure love of men, the progress of capitalism and the process of gaining experience.Robert BurnsA Red, Red Rose1How does the narrator in the poem express his love?Key: The narrator uses rhetoric devices in this poem to express his love, such as simile and exaggeration. At first, the poet compares his lover to a red rose and beautiful melody, which are very lovely and attractive to himself and arouse the love in his heart. And then, the poet say that he will not change his love for his lover even though “the seas gang dry” and “the rocks melt wi’ the sun” as well as “the sands o’life shall run”. What’s more, the narrator directly speaks out his love as well-“So deep in luve am I / And I will luve thee still, my dear”.2Why is this poem so touching to the readers?Key: Because this poem shows a kind of true love and real feelings of the poet toward his lover, which is always touching to people. In the poem, the poet expresses his ardent and steadfast love in a very powerful and efficient way, and it really can arouse the love feelings in the readers’ hearts.Auld Lang Syne1What does “cup o’kindness” imply?Key: The poem is a narrative poem praising friendship. After reading the whole poem we can find that “cup o’kindness” implies the friendship between the narrator and his friends.2How do you know the people in the poem used to be friends and are now old?Key: “Cup o’kindness” is mentioned twice in this poem-in the second and the last sections-which refer to their reunion. The people in the poem used to be friends and now they are old. After the first “cup o’kindness”, the author begins to recall their joyful life; they have run in the brae, picked up the fine gowans, and wandered a long and weary journey, paddled in the stream allthe day. But all the nice memory has been the history “Sun’ auld lang syne”. Then comes to the present gathering, there is one more “cup o’kindness” to imply that how much the author really cherishes the friendship and wish it to last forever.William Wordsworth1What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem?Key: The beauty of the nature can make the poet happy and joyful, make his mind pure with little thought, and offer him consolation and serenity.2Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?Key: Yes, I think that nature can have healing effect on mind. Nature is free from pressure and worries. It is full of beauty and attractions. While human beings have to deal with many troubles, and every now and then they need to have a good rest and get rid of their troubles from their minds. Throwing oneself into the bosom of nature is an effective way to relax and enjoy the true pleasure and beauty. When you are in nature, you will forget about those annoying matter that troubles you and your soul will be purified.Samuel Taylor Coleridge1Coleridge claimed that the poem was “composed in a sort of reverie brought on by two grains of opium”. Could you find similar cases in the Chinese literary history?Key: Yes, Li Bai liked drinking and sometimes he wrote poems in a trance state.2Can we say this poem has no coherent meaning and is wrapped up in an atmosphere of the supernatural and the fantastic? Give your opinions.Key: Yes, we can. The poet wrote this poem after he took the opium, and his thoughts were fragmental. He just wrote down what occurred to him. Thus, there were only pieces of meaning rather than coherent meaning.At the same time, the poem is wrapped up in an atmosphere of thesupernatural and the fantastic. The poet mentioned “Alph, the sacred river”,“a waning moon was haunted / By woman wailing for her demon-lover”, and “His flashing eyes, his floating hair! / Weave a circle round him thrice”… -these give people a sense of the supernatural and fantastic.第7单元 简•奥斯汀1Do you agree with the statement “it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? What is the relationship between money and marriage?Key: Yes, I agree. It is reasonable that when a man is mature enough he wants to get married and raise a family. That is a necessary part of his success and accomplishment. More importantly, he has to earn enough money to support his family. So, when he possesses such kind of fortune, he wants to achieve this purpose.Money is not the only criteria of a happy marriage, but a happy marriage cannot achieve without enough money. Without money, we also can get married with our lovers, and we can earn money by working hard together. As time goes on, if we can get enough money to support our families, we will feel satisfied and live happily. However, if we cannot earn a good fortune, but live a poor life, we will encounter many practical problems, and our pride and confidence will be ruined, thus it is difficult to be happy. Money does have something to do with marriage, but is not crucial. What really matters in marriage is love and affection between the couple.2What do you think of Mrs. Bennet? How can you characterize her?Key: I think Mrs. Bennet is very typical of middle-aged woman. She is worried about her daughters’ marriage, and is eager to marry them off. She is somewhat a gossip; she is easy to get nervous; she likes to make a fuss about everything.3What makes Elizabeth feel so grateful to Darcy? How does Darcy respond to her?Key: Elizabeth’s sister Lydia has always been frivolous. Later in the novel, she elopes with Wickham, who is poor and hypocritical, and lives with him out of wedlock. This behavior is not recognized at that time and destroys the Bennets’ reputation. Although Lydia has the plan to marry Wickham, who as a playboy, considers everything as a game. Elizabeth is so worried with hersister, so she decides to leave her hometown to find her sister. Fortunately, Darcy gives a helping hand. He finds them and tries his best to convince Lydia to come back. Faced with Wickham’s greedy, he doesn’t flinch. He pays the debts for Wickham and gives Lydia a large amount of money. In order to help them, he also buys an office post for Wickham. Besides, Darcy is also very gentle; he does not expose Wickham so as to protect the whole family’s reputation. He does everything for Elizabeth, and he doesn’t want her to be harmed. Darcy is very proud at the beginning, which makes Elizabeth hate him so much, but after he has done so many things, Elizabeth’s prejudice is eliminated and she feels so grateful to Darcy. Darcy feels sorry at the beginning. He is also surprised and excited. At first, he doesn’t want Elizabeth to know everything. However, he is delighted that Elizabeth is not as indifferent to him as before. He has never wanted to get her gratitude, but this time he feels hopeful. He tells Elizabeth that all his done was for her only, because it’s only her in his heart. He shows his affections to her again which makes Elizabeth so embarrassed. Darcy also apologizes for his pride in the past time. Now, they have cleared up the misunderstanding. It’s a turning point of their emotional journey.第8单元 浪漫主义诗人（2）George Gordon ByronShe Walks in Beauty1What is the colour of the lady’s dress? How do you know?Key: The lady’s dress is black. Because “She walks in beauty, like the night / Of cloudless climes and starry skies”. We can see that she is dressed in black and looks like the dark night.2What does “their dwelling place” refer to in the last line of the second stanza?Key: It refers to the lady’s face. “Or softly lightens o’er her face; / Where thoughts serenely sweet express / How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.”From these lines, we can know that “their” refers to “thoughts’”.3Where are the lady’s winning smiles? How do they appear to the poet? Key: The winning smiles are on the lady’s face and over her brow.The poet observes the woman’s tints on the face, so he figures out the smile on it.When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at Home1What should a man fight for according to the poet?Key: According to the poet, a man should fight for glories and freedom. “Let him think of the glories of Greece and of Rome”, “Then battle for freedom wherever you can”.2What is the difference between this man in Byron’s poem and a hero in your mind?Key: In my mind, a hero should only think about others and forget about hisown life and glories. However, in this poem, the man is seeking for rewards and is thinking about being knighted if he can live through the war. “And is always as nobly requited”, “And, if not shot or hang’d, you’ll get knighted”.Percy Bysshe Shelly1In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver?Key: The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth, in the sky and on the sea, and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind, and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among humankind. The west wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation. It drives the last signs of life from the trees. It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere, and it scatters the seeds which will come to life in the spring. The west wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide.2What is the relationship between the West Wind and the poet?Key: The poet admires and envies the West Wind very much. He admires the West Wind because it is very powerful, and he envies the West Wind because it is free from any restriction. The poet wants to be like the West Wind, which becomes the symbol of power and freedom. What’s more, the poet appeals to the West Wind to infuse him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas.3As “the trumpet of prophecy,” what does the West Wind predict in physical reality? How do you understand it symbolically?Key: The West Wind predicts that the cold winter is coming.The West Wind symbolizes a kind of revolutionary power and spirit. It destroys the old and builds up the new. It predicts the winter is nearby, thus the spring is not far behind. In a deeper sense, it predicts that the bright future is not far away.John Keats1Describe, in your own words, the scenes on the Grecian urn. Who are they in the pictures? And what are they doing?Key: There are two scenes on the Grecian urn. The first scene describes the fair youth under the tree tying to kiss his lover, but he cannot. The second scene is that people are coming to the sacrifice on the morning of a special day.2Who is the speaker of the last two lines in the ode?Key: I think the speaker is the urn. However, it clearly conveys the poet’s ides of beauty and truth.3Comment on the epigram "beauty is truth, truth beauty".Key: I agree that truth is beauty, but I cannot agree that beauty is truth. Truth is always real, charming and beautiful, so, we can say that truth is beauty. However, beauty is not always true, especially with the development of technology, some artificial beauty emerges, such as artificial flowers, artificial plants, and even artificial noses and eyes… they are also beautiful, but they are not real.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第7单元 简
第7单元简•奥斯汀1.Do you agree with the statement“it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”?What is the relationship between money and marriage?Key:Yes,I agree.It is reasonable that when a man is mature enough he wants to get married and raise a family.That is a necessary part of his success and accomplishment.More importantly,he has to earn enough money to support his family.So,when he possesses such kind of fortune,he wants to achieve this purpose.Money is not the only criteria of a happy marriage,but a happy marriage cannot achieve without enough money.Without money,we also can get married with our lovers,and we can earn money by working hard together.As time goes on,if we can get enough money to support our families,we will feel satisfied and live happily.However,if we cannot earn a good fortune,but live a poor life,we will encounter many practical problems,and our pride and confidence will be ruined,thus it is difficult to be happy.Money does have something to do with marriage,but is not crucial.What really matters in marriage is love and affection between the couple.2.What do you think of Mrs.Bennet?How can you characterize her?Key:I think Mrs.Bennet is very typical of middle-aged woman.She is worriedabout her daughters’marriage,and is eager to marry them off.She is somewhat a gossip;she is easy to get nervous;she likes to make a fuss about everything.3.What makes Elizabeth feel so grateful to Darcy?How does Darcy respond to her? Key:Elizabeth’s sister Lydia has always been ter in the novel,she elopes with Wickham,who is poor and hypocritical,and lives with him out of wedlock.This behavior is not recognized at that time and destroys the Bennets’reputation.Although Lydia has the plan to marry Wickham,who as a playboy, considers everything as a game.Elizabeth is so worried with her sister,so she decides to leave her hometown to find her sister.Fortunately,Darcy gives a helping hand.He finds them and tries his best to convince Lydia to come back. Faced with Wickham’s greedy,he doesn’t flinch.He pays the debts for Wickham and gives Lydia a large amount of money.In order to help them,he also buys an office post for Wickham.Besides,Darcy is also very gentle;he does not expose Wickham so as to protect the whole family’s reputation.He does everything for Elizabeth,and he doesn’t want her to be harmed.Darcy is very proud at the beginning,which makes Elizabeth hate him so much,but after he has done so many things,Elizabeth’s prejudice is eliminated and she feels so grateful to Darcy.Darcy feels sorry at the beginning.He is also surprised and excited.At first, he doesn’t want Elizabeth to know everything.However,he is delighted that Elizabeth is not as indifferent to him as before.He has never wanted to get hergratitude,but this time he feels hopeful.He tells Elizabeth that all his done was for her only,because it’s only her in his heart.He shows his affections to her again which makes Elizabeth so embarrassed.Darcy also apologizes for his pride in the past time.Now,they have cleared up the misunderstanding.It’s a turning point of their emotional journey.。
大学英语专业泛读教程第三册王守仁(Unit1Unit10)参考答案
《泛读教程》第三册王守仁(Unit1~Unit10) 参考答案Unit 1Section AWord PretestBCBBBAACCBReading SkillCBCABBAAVocabulary Building11 practicable practice practices practical practiced2worthless worthy worthwhile worth worth3vary variety variation various various4absorbing absorbed absorb absorption absorbent21effective efficient effective2technology technique3middle medium mediumClozegoing expectations questions answers predictions tell know end develop worthSection BTFTT CBCC TFF CAACCASection CFFTFFTTTUnit 2Section AWord PretestABACCABABCCReading SkillCBB FTFFTTVocabulary Building11mess 2preference 3aimlessly 4remarkable 5decisive 6shipment 7fiery 8physically 9action 10housing21aptitude attitude2account counted counted3talent intelligenceClozeother just has some than refuse see that without if ready wrongSection BACCCCCCCACBABASection CCCDDACUnit 3Section AWord PretestABCCBDCDCReading SkillBABCAACBCVocabulary Building1Admission admit admissible admissiblyReliance rely reliable reliablyDefinition define definite definitelyAssumption assume assumed assumedlyBehavior behave behavioral behaviorallyVariety vary various variouslyPart part partial partiallyManager manage managerial manageriallyCorrelation correlate correlative correlativelyAdaptation adapt adaptive adaptively21inspired aspired inspired2token badges token3contemporaries temporary contemporaryClozeCommunicate ways using in of message meet causes meaning to eyesSection BBABBAC FFTTTF CCBSection CBBDDBCCA FFTFFTUnit 4Section AWord PretestCACAABBBCCReading SkillBBACBCCAAVocabulary Building11moist 2betrayal 3exclusively 4inhumane 5amazed 6endangered 7marvels 8deadly21dessert deserted2favourite favorable favorable3awarded reward awardedClozeParents idea at seen landmarks instance migrate guide pole effect it if experimentsSection BCCB FTF BCACCBACCSection CFFTFFFTTFTUnit 5Section AWord PretestCAABCACCCReading SkillCABCB FFTFTTVocabulary Building1Assumption assume assumed assumedlyAcknowledgement acknowledge acknowledgedlyReflection reflect reflective reflectivelyDomination dominate dominant dominantlyCategory categorize categorical categoricallyImplication imply implicative implicativelyReassurance reassure reassuring reassuringlyDefinition define definite definitely21historical historic2rejected resist3test analyzedClozeExisted over head body found language use single passed ahead survival handlingSection BCABCBB TTTFTT CACSection CBBAAACBCUnit 6Section AWord PretestC ACBABACABABReading SkillCAACACCAVocabulary BuildingAvailability avail available availablyConquest conquer conquering conqueringlyLuxury luxuriate luxurious luxuriouslyOrgin orginate original originallyOccurrence occur occurrentSystem systematize systematical systematicallyPhonology （这个是没有动词形式的）phonological phonologicallyDecision decide decided decidedlyVariety vary various variouslySuperiority （这个是没有动词形式的）superior superiorlyPeculiar particular particularAssess access accessResources source sourcesClozeSex men differs compliment complimenting causes makes languages have outside understood have use circleSection BCBBBACBCCCCBACCBASection CBBCABBACCBUnit 7Section AWord PretestABABCBACReading SkillBBBCCBCBVocabulary BuildingDeduced behavior adhere replacement option delicacy enormous pursuitInquired required inquire requiredCompatible comparable compatible comparableClozeSatellite some space asked life sort orbiting have living were believe own solar where likely living throughSection BFTFFTTTTTFFFBBCACCSection CBCBCCAEDEBAFDCUnit 8Section AWord PretestBCABCBBCCAReading SkillCBABCBCCCCVocabulary BuildingOccupation occupy occupational occupationallySegregation segregate segregated（这个没有副词）Discrimination discriminate discriminating discriminatingly Enforcement enforce enforceable enforceablyExclusion exclude exclusive exclusivelyPerseverance persevere persevering perseveringlyConviction convict convictive convectivelyAmendment amend amendable（这个没有副词）Superficiality superficialize superficial superficially Spectator spectate spectatorial （这个没有副词）Job career jobs careerPrincipal principles principal principleFeminine female feminineClozeAcceptable domestic property wages husband divorce claims legal suit permitted make excluded lacked belonged determined Section BBACCCCACCCAABBACTTFSection CCCAACBUnit 9Section AWord PretestBAABCACBBABCReading SkillCACCBBBBBACBVocabulary BuildingTypifies dominant familial competitive vibrate descended departure boom countless symbolizesRecreation recreates recreationRhythm rhyme rhymes rhythmClozeSea within of divides built celebrated inside attract togetherwhenSection BFTFTTCCBBCBAACCACSection CBAACABCCCCUnit 10Section AWord PretestCABCBBBBABReading SkillCBCACCCABBVocabulary BuildingConsequence（这个没有动词形式）consequent consequently Sophistication sophisticate sophisticated sophisticatedly Reference refer referable referablyConversation converse conversational conversationally Space space spatial spatiallyDetachment detach detachable detachablyIntervention intervene intervening（这个没有副词）Type typify typical typicallyAssure ensure assured ensureArises raised rise raised arisenClue cues clue cueClozeWell separating is own close need look order respect follow prior sign help was elseSection BBBCTTFBCACACTFFSection CTFFTFFFF。
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江西省南昌市2015-2016学年度第一学期期末试卷（江西师大附中使用）高三理科数学分析一、整体解读试卷紧扣教材和考试说明，从考生熟悉的基础知识入手，多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力，立足基础，先易后难，难易适中，强调应用，不偏不怪，达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。
试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内，几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容，体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。
1．回归教材，注重基础试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则，尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及，其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景，把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中，使学生感受到了数学的育才价值，所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际，操作性强。
2．适当设置题目难度与区分度选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题，都是综合性问题，难度较大，学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及扎实深厚的数学基本功，而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法，否则在有限的时间内，很难完成。
3．布局合理，考查全面，着重数学方法和数学思想的考察在选择题，填空题，解答题和三选一问题中，试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。
包括函数，三角函数，数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。
这些问题都是以知识为载体，立意于能力，让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。
二、亮点试题分析1．【试卷原题】11.已知,,A B C 是单位圆上互不相同的三点，且满足AB AC →→=，则AB AC →→⋅的最小值为（ ）A ．14-B ．12-C ．34-D ．1-【考查方向】本题主要考查了平面向量的线性运算及向量的数量积等知识，是向量与三角的典型综合题。
解法较多，属于较难题，得分率较低。
【易错点】1．不能正确用OA ，OB ，OC 表示其它向量。
2．找不出OB 与OA 的夹角和OB 与OC 的夹角的倍数关系。
【解题思路】1．把向量用OA ，OB ，OC 表示出来。
2．把求最值问题转化为三角函数的最值求解。
【解析】设单位圆的圆心为O ，由AB AC →→=得，22()()OB OA OC OA -=-，因为1OA OB OC ===，所以有，OB OA OC OA ⋅=⋅则()()AB AC OB OA OC OA ⋅=-⋅-2OB OC OB OA OA OC OA =⋅-⋅-⋅+ 21OB OC OB OA =⋅-⋅+设OB 与OA 的夹角为α，则OB 与OC 的夹角为2α所以，cos 22cos 1AB AC αα⋅=-+2112(cos )22α=--即，AB AC ⋅的最小值为12-，故选B 。
【举一反三】【相似较难试题】【2015高考天津，理14】在等腰梯形ABCD 中,已知//,2,1,60AB DC AB BC ABC ==∠= ,动点E 和F 分别在线段BC 和DC 上,且,1,,9BE BC DF DC λλ==则AE AF ⋅的最小值为 .【试题分析】本题主要考查向量的几何运算、向量的数量积与基本不等式.运用向量的几何运算求,AE AF ，体现了数形结合的基本思想，再运用向量数量积的定义计算AE AF ⋅，体现了数学定义的运用，再利用基本不等式求最小值，体现了数学知识的综合应用能力.是思维能力与计算能力的综合体现. 【答案】2918【解析】因为1,9DF DC λ=12DC AB =，119199918CF DF DC DC DC DC AB λλλλλ--=-=-==， AE AB BE AB BC λ=+=+，19191818AF AB BC CF AB BC AB AB BC λλλλ-+=++=++=+，()221919191181818AE AF AB BC AB BC AB BC AB BCλλλλλλλλλ+++⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=+⋅+=+++⋅⋅ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭19199421cos1201818λλλλ++=⨯++⨯⨯⨯︒2117172992181818λλ=++≥+= 当且仅当2192λλ=即23λ=时AE AF ⋅的最小值为2918. 2．【试卷原题】20. （本小题满分12分）已知抛物线C 的焦点()1,0F ，其准线与x 轴的交点为K ，过点K 的直线l 与C 交于,A B 两点，点A 关于x 轴的对称点为D ． （Ⅰ）证明：点F 在直线BD 上； （Ⅱ）设89FA FB →→⋅=，求BDK ∆内切圆M 的方程. 【考查方向】本题主要考查抛物线的标准方程和性质，直线与抛物线的位置关系，圆的标准方程，韦达定理，点到直线距离公式等知识，考查了解析几何设而不求和化归与转化的数学思想方法，是直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题，属于较难题。
【易错点】1．设直线l 的方程为(1)y m x =+，致使解法不严密。
2．不能正确运用韦达定理，设而不求，使得运算繁琐，最后得不到正确答案。
【解题思路】1．设出点的坐标，列出方程。
2．利用韦达定理，设而不求，简化运算过程。
3．根据圆的性质，巧用点到直线的距离公式求解。
【解析】（Ⅰ）由题可知()1,0K -，抛物线的方程为24y x =则可设直线l 的方程为1x my =-，()()()112211,,,,,A x y B x y D x y -，故214x my y x =-⎧⎨=⎩整理得2440y my -+=，故121244y y m y y +=⎧⎨=⎩则直线BD 的方程为()212221y y y y x x x x +-=--即2222144y y y x y y ⎛⎫-=- ⎪-⎝⎭令0y =，得1214y yx ==，所以()1,0F 在直线BD 上.（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）可知121244y y m y y +=⎧⎨=⎩，所以()()212121142x x my my m +=-+-=-，()()1211111x x my my =--= 又()111,FA x y →=-，()221,FB x y →=-故()()()21212121211584FA FB x x y y x x x x m →→⋅=--+=-++=-，则28484,93m m -=∴=±，故直线l 的方程为3430x y ++=或3430x y -+=213y y -===±，故直线BD 的方程330x -=或330x -=，又KF 为BKD ∠的平分线，故可设圆心()(),011M t t -<<，(),0M t 到直线l 及BD 的距离分别为3131,54t t +--------------10分 由313154t t +-=得19t =或9t =（舍去）.故圆M 的半径为31253t r +== 所以圆M 的方程为221499x y ⎛⎫-+= ⎪⎝⎭【举一反三】【相似较难试题】【2014高考全国，22】 已知抛物线C ：y 2＝2px(p>0)的焦点为F ，直线y ＝4与y 轴的交点为P ，与C 的交点为Q ，且|QF|＝54|PQ|.（1）求C 的方程；（2）过F 的直线l 与C 相交于A ，B 两点，若AB 的垂直平分线l′与C 相交于M ，N 两点，且A ，M ，B ，N 四点在同一圆上，求l 的方程．【试题分析】本题主要考查求抛物线的标准方程,直线和圆锥曲线的位置关系的应用,韦达定理,弦长公式的应用,解法及所涉及的知识和上题基本相同. 【答案】（1）y 2＝4x. （2）x －y －1＝0或x ＋y －1＝0. 【解析】（1）设Q(x 0，4)，代入y 2＝2px ，得x 0＝8p，所以|PQ|＝8p ，|QF|＝p 2＋x 0＝p 2＋8p.由题设得p 2＋8p ＝54×8p ，解得p ＝－2(舍去)或p ＝2，所以C 的方程为y 2＝4x.（2）依题意知l 与坐标轴不垂直，故可设l 的方程为x ＝my ＋1(m≠0)． 代入y 2＝4x ，得y 2－4my －4＝0. 设A(x 1，y 1)，B(x 2，y 2)， 则y 1＋y 2＝4m ，y 1y 2＝－4.故线段的AB 的中点为D(2m 2＋1，2m)， |AB|＝m 2＋1|y 1－y 2|＝4(m 2＋1)．又直线l ′的斜率为－m ，所以l ′的方程为x ＝－1m y ＋2m 2＋3.将上式代入y 2＝4x ，并整理得y 2＋4m y －4(2m 2＋3)＝0.设M(x 3，y 3)，N(x 4，y 4)，则y 3＋y 4＝－4m，y 3y 4＝－4(2m 2＋3)．故线段MN 的中点为E ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2m2＋2m 2＋3，－2m ，|MN|＝1＋1m 2|y 3－y 4|＝4（m 2＋1）2m 2＋1m 2.由于线段MN 垂直平分线段AB ，故A ，M ，B ，N 四点在同一圆上等价于|AE|＝|BE|＝12|MN|，从而14|AB|2＋|DE|2＝14|MN|2，即 4(m 2＋1)2＋⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2m ＋2m 2＋⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2m 2＋22＝4（m 2＋1）2（2m 2＋1）m 4，化简得m 2－1＝0，解得m ＝1或m ＝－1， 故所求直线l 的方程为x －y －1＝0或x ＋y －1＝0.三、考卷比较本试卷新课标全国卷Ⅰ相比较，基本相似，具体表现在以下方面： 1. 对学生的考查要求上完全一致。
即在考查基础知识的同时，注重考查能力的原则，确立以能力立意命题的指导思想，将知识、能力和素质融为一体，全面检测考生的数学素养，既考查了考生对中学数学的基础知识、基本技能的掌握程度，又考查了对数学思想方法和数学本质的理解水平，符合考试大纲所提倡的“高考应有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度”的原则． 2. 试题结构形式大体相同，即选择题12个，每题5分，填空题4 个，每题5分，解答题8个（必做题5个），其中第22，23，24题是三选一题。
题型分值完全一样。
选择题、填空题考查了复数、三角函数、简易逻辑、概率、解析几何、向量、框图、二项式定理、线性规划等知识点，大部分属于常规题型，是学生在平时训练中常见的类型．解答题中仍涵盖了数列，三角函数，立体何，解析几何，导数等重点内容。
3. 在考查范围上略有不同，如本试卷第3题，是一个积分题，尽管简单，但全国卷已经不考查了。
四、本考试卷考点分析表（考点/知识点，难易程度、分值、解题方式、易错点、是否区分度题）。