词性与词形变化

代词(代替名词的词)
代词可以分为下列九类： 1. 人称代词：They are my school mates. 2. 物主代词：Our friends have great concern for each other. 3. 反身代词：Take good care of yourselves. 4. 相互代词：We should help each other. 5. 指示代词：Who are these people? 6. 疑问代词：What are you doing? 7.不定代词： Do you know anything about it? 8. 连接代词：Do you know who did it? 9. 关系代词：She married Tony, who is a student too.
副词(主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子)
说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
时间副词: 地点副词: 程度副词: 方式副词: 频度副词: soon, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now here, there very, quite, rather beautifully, reluctantly, well often , frequently, always
词形转换
• • • • 形容词变副词 动词变名词 动词变形容词 名词变形容词
形容词变副词
1. 一般情况下直接加-ly quick---quickly real---really helpful---helpfully 2. 以y结尾的,先将y改成i,再加-ly happy---happily busy---busily 3. 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾 的形容词要先去掉e，然后再加-y或-ly。 true---truly terrible---terribly。 绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。 polite---politely, wide---widely
动词变名词
3.在词尾加-ion 或去e加-ion: A. describe — description pollute —pollution educate — education B. instruct — instruction attract — attraction produce — production celebrate — celebration graduate — graduation invent — invention suggest — suggestion
前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。
名词(表示人或物名称的词)
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 。 专有名词：Beijing，China，the United States 普通名词：book，water（可数名词和不可数名词）
普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：gun 2）集体名词：family (以上两类属于可数名词) 3）物质名词：air 4）抽象名词：work (以上两类属于不可数名词)
形容词 (修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词)
形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类。 1)性质形容词：hot，good，wonderful 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词， 它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定 语、表语和补语。 2) 叙述形容词： afraid，alone，asleep 只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没 有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头 的形容词都属于这一类。
动词变形容词
Quiz: pollute – crowd – develop – succeed – fry – interestenjoy – die –
polluted crowded developed/developing successful fried interested/interesting enjoyable dead
动词变形容词
1.词尾加-ful: thank – thankful wonder – wonderful
forget – forgetful
2. 词尾变y为-i,加-ed: worry – worried 3.词尾加-able: enjoy - enjoyable comfort - comfortable
连词
不能独立担任句子成分，只起连接词与词，短语与短语 以及句与句的作用。 连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 1. 并列连词：and，but, or, nor, so, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and) then 2. 从属连词：when ,where, because, if , as
名词变形容词
1.名词加-y构成形容词。 rain →rainy wind →windy sun → sunny luck → lucky noise →noisy health →healthy
2. 名词加-ly构成形容词。 friend →friendly love →lovely father → fatherly (父亲般的） brother → brotherly (兄弟般的)
形容词
1. I have a red apple. 2. The tall boy there is my brother. 3. Miss Chen is very kind in class. 4. That hungry man ate much food. 5. That young lady comes from the USA.
e.g.：It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。 注意：friendly；lovely；lively；lonely等词是形容词 而非副词
动词变名词
1.在词尾加-er, -r, 双写加-er 或-or: A. play — player, sing — singer B. write — writer, drive —driver C. run — runner, travel — traveller D. visit — visitor, invent — inventor 2. 在词尾加-ing: build — building, begin — beginning swim — swimming, skate — skating mean — meaning, cross — crossing
please — pleasure die — death weigh — weight product — produce fly — flight fail — failure enjoy — joy arrive — arrival
动词变名词
Quiz: wait — dance — win — feel — say — decide — organize — invite — discuss — agree— develop — waiter dancer winner feeling saying decision organization invitation discussion agreement development
excite – excited frighten – frightened interest – interested surprise – surprising develop – developing relax – relaxing
动词变形容词
6.词尾加-ive： attract-attractive act-active
词性与词形变化
—昂立智立方中学生VIP金桥中心
2014年04月18日
词性的分类
词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可 以分成10个大类。
1 名词 noun 2 代词 pronoun 3 形容词 adjective 4 副词 adverb 5 动词 verb 6 数词 numeral 7 冠词 article 8 介词 preposition 9 连词 conjunction 10 感叹词 interjection n. pron. adj. adv. v. num. art. prep. conj. interj. student 学生 you 你 happy 高兴的 quickly 迅速地 cut 砍、割 three 三 a 一个 at 在... and 和 oh 哦
数词
数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫 基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 一、基数词 基数词写法和读法 二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式： first—1st second—2nd thirty-first—31st 三、数词的用法 1）倍数表示法 2）分数表示法
冠词
冠词分为三类： 定冠词: 不定冠词: 零冠词:
形容词变副词
4. 以ll结尾的词 只加-y full---fully 5. 以ic结尾的词 加-ally automatic---automatically
6. 副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,
loud (adj.) ---aloud (adv.)
7. 部分名词加后缀也可变成副词，part---partly
satisfy – satisfied
suit – suitable
动词变形容词
4.词尾加-d或e-d: please – pleased surprise – surprised relax – relaxed 5.词尾加-ing: interest – interesting excite – exciting frighten – frightening
动词
动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词。 动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。 1. We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词) 2. We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词) 3. I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) 4. She was beaten on the way home. (was是助动词) 5. You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) 6. The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词)
4. 在词尾加-ment 结尾 argue---argument govern —government
advertise--- advertisement amuse—amusement
动词变名词
5. 其他 know — knowledge practise —practice succeed — success tour — tourist enter — entrance discover — discovery behave—behavior mix — mixture
7.其它： lose – lost fool - foolish taste – tasty educate - educational break - broken speak - spoken wake – awake die - dead widen – wide enable – able sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep
the a / an /
介词
按意义英语介词可分为： 1. 时间介词：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until 2. 地点介词：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside 3. 其它介词：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to 英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词，动名词或 句子构成介宾结构等。