自考英语词汇学部分章节重点归纳EnglishLexicologyword精品

《英语词汇学》（课程代码： 00832 ）试卷结构

Chapter 5 Word Meaning （词的意义）

Reference （所指关系）is the relati on ship betwee n Ian guage and the world.

Concept 概念），which is beyond Ianguage, is the result of human cognition n. 认识； 知识； 认识能力 ,reflecting the objective world in the human mind.

Sense （语义）de no tes the relati on ship in side the Ian guage. Every word that has meaning has sense （not every word has referen ce ）

Motivation （词义理据 ）account for the connection between the linguistic （word ） symbol and its meaning. Onomatopoeic motivation （拟声理据）words were created by imitating the nature sounds or noises.

Morphological motivation （形态理据）compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes comb in ed.彳艮多合成词和派生词都是这类，

Semantic motivation （语义理据）refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It expla ins the connection betwee n the literal sense a nd figurative sense of the word.（ 由字面义派生出来的弓丨申

义） Etymological motivation （词源理据）the meaning of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explain the meaning of the word.

Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relati on ships. Conceptual meaning also known as denotative meaning （夕卜延意义 ）,is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-mea ning.

Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning.

Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associati ons suggested by the con ceptual meaning, traditi on ally know as connotations .

Stylistic meaning refers to stylistic features, which make them appropriate for differe nt con texts.

语法意义

Types of Meaning

词义的分类

Affective meaning indicates the speaker' attitude towards the person or thing in question .（appreciative or pejorative）. Collocative meaning is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussi on. Stylistic meaning and affective meaning are revealed by means of collocatio ns.

Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Fiel语义关系和语义场）

6.1 Polysemy （多义关系）

1. 多义关系的形成：Polysemy is a com mon feature peculiar to all n ature Ian guage that a word has more tha n one sense.

An overwhelming majority of words are polysemous. When a word is first coined, it is always monosemic. But in the course of developme nt, the same symbol must be used to express more meanin gs. The result is polysemy.

2. Two approaches to polysemy（多义关系的两种研究方法）:

diachronic approach（历时角度）and synchronic approach共时角度）.

3. Two process of developme nt（词义发展的两种模式）

1）Radiation 梓畐射型）is a sema ntic process in which the primary meaning sta nds at the cen ter and the sec on dary mea nings proceed out of it in every direct ion like rays. The mea nings are in depe ndent of one ano ther. But can all be traced back to the centre meaning .

2）Concatenation（连锁型）,meaning linking together ：is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive adj.连续的；继承的；依次的；接替的shi fts.

6.2 Homonymy （同形spelling 同音sound 异义meaning 关系）

6.2.1Types of homonyms

1. Perfect homonyms（完全同形同音异义词）are words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning.

2. Homographs（同形词）are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning .

3. Homophones（同音词）are words ide ntical only in sound but differe nt in spell ing and meaning. Homoph ones con stitute the largest nu mber and are most com mon.

6.2.2 Origi ns of Homonyms

1. Change in sound and spell ing.

2. Borrowi ng.

3. Shorte ning.

6.2.3 Differe ntiation of hom on yms and polysema nt s（同形同异义词与多义词的区别）