医学英语期末复习要点

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医学英文知识点总结归纳

医学英文知识点总结归纳1. AnatomyAnatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It is essential for medical students and healthcare professionals to have a thorough understanding of anatomy in order to accurately diagnose and treat patients. Key areas of anatomy include the musculoskeletal system, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and the respiratory system.Musculoskeletal system: This system includes the bones, muscles, and joints of the human body. It is essential for movement, support, and protection. Key topics in musculoskeletal anatomy include bone structure, muscle types, and joint movements.Nervous system: The nervous system is responsible for coordinating the body's activities and transmitting signals between different parts of the body. Key areas of nervous system anatomy include the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.Cardiovascular system: The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood and delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Key topics in cardiovascular anatomy include the heart, blood vessels, and the circulatory system.Respiratory system: The respiratory system is responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. Key areas of respiratory anatomy include the lungs, airways, and the process of breathing.2. PhysiologyPhysiology is the study of how the body functions. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of physiology in order to understand the mechanisms underlying health and disease. Key areas of physiology include cell biology, organ systems, and homeostasis.Cell biology: Cells are the basic units of life, and understanding their structure and function is essential for understanding physiology. Key topics in cell biology include cell membrane structure, cellular metabolism, and cell communication.Organ systems: The human body is composed of multiple organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis. Key areas of organ system physiology include the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and digestive system.Homeostasis: Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes. Key topics in homeostasis include temperature regulation, fluid balance, and hormonal control.3. PathologyPathology is the study of disease. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of pathology in order to diagnose and treat patients accurately. Key areas of pathology include the causes of disease, the mechanisms of disease progression, and the body's response to disease.Causes of disease: There are many factors that can cause disease, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Key topics in the causes of disease include infectious agents, genetic mutations, and environmental toxins.Mechanisms of disease progression: Once a disease has been initiated, there are many potential mechanisms by which it can progress. Key areas of disease progression include inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling.Body's response to disease: The body has a complex system of defenses against disease, including the immune system and other physiological responses. Key areas of the body's response to disease include inflammation, immune function, and repair mechanisms.4. PharmacologyPharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with the body. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of pharmacology in order to prescribe medications safely and effectively. Key areas of pharmacology include drug actions, drug interactions, and the use of medications in different patient populations.Drug actions: Medications have specific effects on the body, and understanding these effects is essential for prescribing medications safely. Key topics in drug actions include drug receptors, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.Drug interactions: Many medications can interact with each other, leading to potential adverse effects. Key areas of drug interactions include drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, and drug-disease interactions.Use of medications in different patient populations: Medications may have different effects in different patient populations, such as children, elderly patients, and patients with comorbidities. Key areas of using medications in different patient populations include pediatric pharmacology, geriatric pharmacology, and pharmacotherapy in special populations.5. Clinical medicineClinical medicine is the practice of applying medical knowledge to diagnosing and treating patients. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of clinical medicine in order to provide high-quality patient care. Key areas of clinical medicine include history taking, physical examination, diagnostic testing, and treatment options.History taking: Obtaining a thorough medical history is essential for accurately diagnosing and treating patients. Key areas of history taking include the patient's chief complaint, past medical history, family history, and social history.Physical examination: Performing a comprehensive physical examination is essential for identifying potential signs of disease. Key areas of physical examination include inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.Diagnostic testing: Ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests is essential for confirming a diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions. Key areas of diagnostic testing include laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other specialized testing.Treatment options: Once a diagnosis has been established, there are many potential treatment options available to patients. Key areas of treatment options include medications, surgical interventions, and non-pharmacological therapies.In conclusion, medical knowledge encompasses a wide range of topics, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine. In order to provide high-quality patient care, medical professionals must have a strong understanding of these topics. This summary provides a comprehensive overview of key knowledge areas in the field of medicine, and is essential for anyone studying or practicing in the field of healthcare.。

医学英语期末考试题型及复习范围

医学英语期末考试题型及复习范围：1.An error of interpretation of this sort makes the experimental scientist cautions about giving biological significance to a sex difference when the observation is made in only one society at one period. 这一类解释上的错误使实验者在解读特定社会、特定时期两性区别的生物学意义时变得谨慎小心。

And these remarks are not made to deny the existence of biological differences but only to encourage caution in interpreting observations.说这些话的用意，不在否认两性生物学差异的存在，而只是为了提倡对观察结果进行解读时多加小心。

2.Drug testing employs various laboratory techniques to detect even minute traces of the metabolic breakdown products of marijuana，cocaine, and many kinds of prescription drugs.药物检测使用各种化验技术来查验极少量的大麻、可卡因以及多种处方药的代谢分解产物。

If a person takes a drug overdose and loses consciousness and no one is sure which drug was consumed, physicians quickly test the urine to identify the drug and determine the best treatment for saving the patient’s life.如果一个人过量服药而失去知觉，又没有人确知他服用了何种药物，医生能很快地进行尿检得以确认，并决定拯救病人生命的最佳治疗方案Two additional uses — testing athletes and employees for drug use in the playing field or on the job — are currently quite controversial.两个额外的用途——在运动场上或工作上，测试运动员和员工药物使用的——目前颇有争议。

中医英语复习整理

中医英语复习整理Unit 11.整体医学 Holistic medicine2.整体观念Holistic concept or Holism3.诊断与保健体系a system of diagnosis and health-care approaches4.一套非常成熟的治疗及保健方法A highly sophisticated set of practices designed to cure illness and to maintain health and wellbeing5.草药Herbal remedies6.阴阳平衡：balance of yin and yang; Yin-yang balance; balance between yin and yang7.阴平阳秘：Yin is even (steady) and yang is sound (firm).8.阴阳失调：disharmony of yin and yang; imbalance of yin and yang9.阴阳调和：Harmony of yin and yang10.调和肝胃：Harmonizing the liver and stomach11.中医学Chinese Medicine12针灸Acupuncture13.血汗同源The blood and sweat share the same source.14.中医师Practitioner of Chinese Medicine15.症状和体征Symptoms and (physical) signs16.为每一个体重建和谐与平衡To reestablish harmony and equilibrium for each individual17.宇宙中的万物都是相互依赖、相互作用的Everything in the universe is interdependent and interactive18.将细小的针插入身体的不同穴位The insertion of fine needles into a variety of points in the body19.中医理论 Chinese medical theory20.中医基础理论The fundamental (basic) theories of Chinese medicine21.中医理论体系The theoretical system of Chinese medicine22.神经系统The nervous system23.内分泌系统The endocrine system24.内分泌失调The endocrine disorder25.肺炎的病因Pathological cause of pneumonia26.风、寒、暑、湿、躁、火Wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire风邪Wind evil, pathogenic wind27.肝风上头The liver wind going to the head28.病原体Agent of disease29.精确的诊断Precise diagnosis30.失调的证Pattern of disharmony31.临床研究Clinical study32.使证恢复平衡，使个体恢复协调To bring the configuration into balance, to restore harmony to the individual 33.诊断六名胃痛患者患有消化道溃疡病To diagnose six patients with stomach pain as having peptic ulcer disease 34.所有患者患有相同疾病。

医学英语考试复习资料

医学英语考试复习资料一、词汇医学英语词汇量大且专业性强，是复习的重点之一。

1、词根词缀许多医学词汇都由词根、前缀和后缀组成。

例如，“cardio”表示“心脏”，“itis”表示“炎症”，那么“carditis”就是“心肌炎”。

了解常见的词根词缀可以帮助我们推测和记忆生词。

2、专业术语掌握常见的医学专业术语，如解剖学、生理学、病理学、药理学等方面的词汇。

例如，“anatomy（解剖学）”“physiology（生理学）”“pathology（病理学）”“pharmacology（药理学）”等。

3、缩略词医学领域中有大量的缩略词，如“ECG（心电图）”“MRI（磁共振成像）”“ICU（重症监护病房）”等。

需要熟悉这些缩略词的全称和含义。

二、语法1、名词的单复数医学英语中名词的单复数形式有其特殊规则。

例如，“bacterium（细菌，单数）”“bacteria（细菌，复数）”。

2、动词时态在描述医学研究、病例报告等时，要正确使用动词的时态，一般过去时和现在完成时较为常见。

3、被动语态由于医学研究和实践中更强调客观事实，被动语态的使用较为频繁。

三、阅读1、医学文献阅读医学期刊、研究报告等，提高对专业文章的理解能力。

注意文章的结构、段落主旨和关键词。

2、病例分析通过阅读病例分析，了解医学英语在实际临床中的应用，同时熟悉相关的疾病名称、症状描述和治疗方法。

四、写作1、医学报告练习撰写医学报告，包括病例报告、实验报告等，注意格式规范、语言准确和逻辑清晰。

2、摘要写作学会提炼医学文献的主要内容，写出简洁准确的摘要。

五、听力1、医学讲座收听医学专业的讲座录音，提高听力理解能力，熟悉医学领域的常用表达和发音。

2、模拟听力测试进行模拟听力测试，熟悉考试题型和节奏。

六、口语1、医患对话模拟医患之间的对话场景，练习用医学英语进行交流。

2、学术讨论参与医学英语的学术讨论，锻炼表达观点和回应他人的能力。

七、常见疾病和症状的表达1、心血管疾病如“heart attack（心脏病发作）”“hypertension（高血压）”“atherosclerosis（动脉粥样硬化）”等。

医学英语阅读课期末复习总结医学英语词汇词根前缀后缀

Pulm/pulmo/pulmon/pulmono
肺
pulmonalis肺丛
Pulmonologist [pʌl'mənɒlədʒɪst]胸肺科医生
Hepatic
[hɪˈpætɪk] a.肝脏的,治肝病的,肝脏色的,猪肝色
Hepat/hepato
肝
hepatalgia [hepə'tældʒə]肝区疼痛,肝痛
ophtalmologist眼科学家,眼科医师
Intraocular
[ˌɪntrə'ɒkjʊlə] a.眼内的,眼球内的
Intra-['ɪntrə]
表示[在内]之义,在内,内,内部
Intraabdominal腹内的，腹腔内的
Ocul-/oculo-
与眼有关的
ocular[ˈɒkjələ(r)]a.眼睛的，可见的，视觉的;n.目镜,眼睛
pathogen[ˈpæθədʒən]N.病菌，病原体
pathology[pəˈθɒlədʒi]n.病理学
nuclear[ˈnju:kliə(r)]
adj.(原子)核的；核心的；核能的
nucle-
nucleus核
Nucleoplasm ['nju:klɪəˌplæzəm]
n.核质
nuclein ['nju:klɪɪn] n.核蛋白质;核素,核质
Optant选择者
optochiasmatic视交叉的
carditis [kɑ:'daɪtɪs]
N.心脏炎
Cardi/cardio
心
Cardiovascular
[ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r)]
Adj.心血管的
Cardiology

医学英语期末复习.docx

医学英语下册期末复习定期复查肠课后题翻译：英译汉1. A significant disturbance in the homeostasis of the body triggers a variety of responses that often produce disease signs and symptoms. Athletes, for example, develop abnormally high red blood cell counts due to their increased need for oxygen. 机体内环境稳态如出现某种严重素乱就会诱发各种各样的反应，显现疾病的体征和症状。

比如，由于运动员对氧气的需求增加,他们的红细胞计数就会异常升高。

2.When tissue is traumatized, injured, or becomes infected, blood flow increases to the damaged site. This is vital because the blood carries cells that are specialized to remove harmful substances and cellular debris.当组织受到创伤、外伤或者感染时，血流就会积聚在受损区域。

因为血液携带了可专门清除有害物质和细胞碎片的细胞，这一点极其重要。

3.New research techniques are making it possible to link certain diseases with abnormal gene findings. A disease may be a structural anomaly, such as a congenital heart defect, afunctional condition in which there is no organic change.新研究技术可以使得某些疾病能与发现的异常基因联系起来。

医学英语期末重点总结

医学英语期末重点总结一、绪论医学英语作为医学专业的一门重要的外语课程，学习和掌握医学英语的基本知识和技能对于医学专业的学生来说是非常重要的。

在医学英语的学习过程中，学生们需要掌握医学领域的词汇和表达方式，了解医学英语的语法和用法规范，培养良好的听、说、读、写的能力，并能够在医学实践中灵活运用所学知识。

本文将对医学英语期末考试的重点内容进行总结和归纳，以便学生们能够有针对性地复习和备考。

二、医学英语的基础知识1. 医学英语的词汇医学英语的词汇是医学专业学生需要掌握的基本知识之一。

学生们需要熟悉常用的医学术语和词汇，包括疾病、症状、治疗方法、药物等方面的词汇。

在词汇学习中，学生们可以通过阅读医学材料和参考专业词典来增加词汇量，并进行词汇的积累和整理。

2. 医学英语的语法和用法医学英语的语法和用法规范是医学英语学习的重要内容之一。

学生们需要掌握医学英语的基本语法知识和句式结构，并能够正确地运用所学的语法规则。

在语法学习中，学生们可以通过阅读医学文献和参考相关的语法书籍进行学习和练习。

3. 医学英语的听、说、读、写能力医学英语的听、说、读、写能力是学生们在医学英语学习中需要培养和提高的基本技能。

学生们可以通过听录音、参加听力训练班和英语口语角等方式来提高听力和口语能力；通过阅读医学文献、做阅读理解题和写作练习等方式来提高阅读和写作能力。

三、医学英语的实践应用1. 医学英语的听力实践医学英语的听力实践是学生们在医学英语学习中需要重点关注和实践的内容之一。

学生们可以通过听录音和参加听力训练班等方式来提高听力能力，并能够听懂医学讲座、医生的病情说明和病人的病史等。

2. 医学英语的口语实践医学英语的口语实践是学生们在医学英语学习中需要针对性地进行的实践活动。

学生们可以参加英语口语角、医学英语演讲比赛等口语实践活动，提高口语表达和交流能力，并能够与外国医生、病人和同行进行有效的沟通。

3. 医学英语的阅读实践医学英语的阅读实践是学生们在医学英语学习中需要重点进行的实践活动。

医学英语期末复习提纲.doc

201401医学英语期末考试复习题型：翻译、名词匹配、词汇和语法、阅读复习范围：医学英语课本1-12课A课文、单词、课后练习部分重点如下：一 .熟悉以下段落的英汉互译1."In my view," wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1814, "no knowledge can be more satisfactory to a manthan that of his own frame, its parts, their functions and actions.Distinguished thinkers before and since Jefferson have held this belief, but curiously, it is not one that the average person wholehearted shares.Man's attitude toward his own body ——his single most precious possession ——is decidedly ambivalent, at one and the same time his is fascinated by it and fearful of it, partly in echo of ancient taboo, partly in the conviction that the body is too complicated to understand.“在我看来，”托马斯-杰斐逊在1814年写道，“对一个人来说，没有什么知识可以比了解自身的架构，他自身的部件，他们的功能和动作更能满足他的了。

”在杰斐逊之前和之后的伟大思想学家就已经持有这个观点，但奇怪的是，这不是一个能令每一个人都心悦诚服的看法。

人对自己的身体（他个人最珍贵的财产）的态度，在同一时刻内既被它吸引着又感到害怕，这是明显矛盾的。

医英重点

07针七医学英语1复习重点一、缀：adren/o- 肾上腺adrenal 肾上腺的；adrenaline 肾上腺素cardi/o 心脏cardiogram 心电图crin/o 分泌endocrinology 内分泌学-logy 学thyr/o- 甲状腺hyperthyroidism甲亢；hypothyroidism甲减-tomy 切开术Cyt/o 细胞Lymph/o 淋巴Crin/o 腺二、词Epidermic流行性的；endemic 地方性的；hemoglobin 血红蛋白；bone marrow 骨髓Breastbone=sternum 胸腺；mitochondria线粒体（产A TP）；lysosome 溶酶体；Cell membrane 细胞膜；chromosomes 染色体（携带DNA）三、知识点1、the circulatory system 循环系统包括：heart ,artery ,vein ,capillary ,lymphatic system.2、The skeletal system :bone +cartilage 软骨+joint +tissue.3、Skin is the largest of the body’s organs (保持热量，保护器官)4、内分泌腺：pituitary 腺垂体、thyroid 甲状腺、adrenaline肾上腺、pancreas胰腺5、四大组织tissues：epithelial tissues上皮组织、connective tissues 结缔组织、muscle tissue、nervous tissue。

四、练习(1)1、the skeletal system is composed of bones ,joints between bones ,and cartilage.2、The contraction of the muscular system produces heat , which helps maintain a constant bodytemperature .3、The circulatory system distributes needed materials and removes unneeded ones .4、The respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air and expels carbon dioxide and watervapor.5、This breakdown (of food ),known as digestion ,is both a mechanical and a chemical process .6、The urinary system maintains normal levels of water and of certain small molecules such assodium (Na) and potassium (K) in the body .7、A major gland is the pituitary , which is located under the brain in the middle of the head.8、The information is processed by the brain ,and then messages are carried back to muscles andglands throughout the body .9、The male reproductive system is responsible for producing , transporting and maintainingviable sperm.10、The skin is a compete layer that protects the inner structures of the body , and it is thelargest of the body’s organs .练习（2）1、The blood is also part of the body’s defense system .It has antibody and leukocytes thatprotect the body against foreign invaders .2、the skin is a complete layer that protects the inner structures of the body and it is the largest ofthe body’s organs .Hair and nail are accessory structures of the skin.3、The human skin is covered with plenty of nerves and any touch on it provides tactileinformation to the central nerve system.4、The function of skeleton system is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues andthe organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body.5、When we breathe , we inhale fresh air with oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.6、The body’s temperature can be lowered by evaporation of sweat from the skin7、An infant’s skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant growsinto an adult.8、Striate muscles can be consciously controlled and therefore is called voluntary muscle .9、When ovum are not fertilized by sperm ,they are to be eliminated from the body.10、When liquid remainder of food enters the colon, most of the fluid is absorbed and therelatively dry residues are expelled .练习（3）Match：1、Thyroid：a gland located between the collar bones and its secretion control the body’s metabolism2、Metabolism :the physical and chemical processes by which living substance is maintained and by which energy is produced3、enzyme :a protein substance produced in living cells ,that influences a chemical reaction withina plant or animal without being changed by itself .4、potassium: a soft , silverwhite ,metallic chemical element that occurs in nature only in compounds.5、trachea : a membranous and cartilaginous tube ,commonly called windpipe.6、capillary : a blood vessel with a very slender ,hairlike opening .7、bone marrow : inner substance of bone that is responsible for producing blood cells .8、hematology: the study of blood9、nutrient : nourish substance10、hormone : chemical messengers or substance produced by various endocrine glands.一、缀Angi/o vessels 血管Anti- 抗antibody抗体；antigen 抗原；antibiotic 抗生素Hepat/o 肝-itis 炎二、词Immunoglobulin 免疫球蛋白；ECG =electrocardiograph 心电图；anemia 贫血；leukemia白血病；signed consent 志愿书，同意书；informed consent；三、知识点1、symptom 与sign 的区别symptom：is something a patient can detect , such as fever ,bleeding , or pain .sign :is something a doctor can detect ,such as a swollen blood vessel or an enlarged internal body organ .2、将疾病按onset （开始，发病）分类：acute 急性的、chronic 慢性的、subacute 亚急性的。

专业英语(医学)期末考试重点整理

专业英语（医学）期末考试重点整理老师勾画以及练习题1.数字mon/uni onehemi/semi halfbi/di twicedipl doubletri threequadr/tetra fourpenta fivemulti/poly many2.颜色cyano 紫色erythro 红色leuk/leck 白色melan 黑色xanth 黄色3.表否定a/an not，withoutanti againstcontra against，oppositede removal，withoutdis absence，removalin/im notnon/un not4.表方向ab Away fromad towarddia，Per，Trans through5.表程度hyper over, excessover excesssupper above, excesspan allhypo under, blowOligo Few, scantyUnder deficiency6.尺寸和比较equi equaleu true, good, easy, normalheter/o other, different, unequalhomo/homeo same, unchangingiso equal , samemacro largemicro smallmega abnormally largeneo newpseudo falsenormo normal7.时间或位置ante，pre，pro before, in front ofpost after, behind8.位置dextr rightsinister leftec/ecto out, outsideex/o away from, outsideend/o In, withinmes/o middlesyn, sym(used befeore b,m,p) together1.关于疾病类的后缀汇总：疼痛algia/dynia 突出-cele 血液疾病-emia 炎症-itis 结石-lith/lithiasis肿大-megaly 麻痹-paralysis/-plegia 下垂-ptosis 出血-rrhage/rrhagia硬化-sclerosis 痉挛-spsam 狭窄-stenosis 水肿-edema 扩张-ectasis/ectasia呕吐-emesis 吐痰-ptysis 发音-phonia 消化-pepsia 瘀滞-stasis 不足penia肿瘤-ma 坏死-necrosis 无力-asthenia 营养不良-dystrophy 软化-malacia2.关于手术的后缀汇总成形术-plasty 切除术(escision)ectomy 切开术(incision)tomy 穿刺(puncture)-centesis 造口术/吻合术(opening)-stomy 固定术(fixation)pexy 缝合术(repair/suture)-rrhaphy3.关于检查的后缀汇总造影术graphy 描记图gram electrocardiogram 镜检-scopy 镜-scope4.复数变形：a-ae ax-axes inx-inges is-ides ix-ixes ma-mata men-mina on-a s-sa um-a us-i ynx-ynges3单元：Human body as a wholeCardi-heart心cerebr-brain脑pulmon-/pneumon-lung 肺hepat-liver 肝gastr-tomach 胃intestin-/enter- insterine肠chol-胆cholecyst-gallbladder胆囊splen-spleen脾pancreat-pancreas胰腺nephr-/ren-kidney肾trache-trachea气管bronch(i)-bronchus支气管esophag- esophagus食管hyster- uterus子宫aur-耳nas-/rhin-鼻子pharyng-pharynx咽laryng-larynx喉Or-口gloss-/lingu-tongue舌dent-牙oste-bone骨ven-/phleb-静脉angi-/vas-/vascul血管arter(i)-artery动脉lymph-淋巴my-muscle肌肉4单元Musculoskeletal Systemtendo腱ligament韧带appendicular阑尾的，四肢的fracture骨折Cranial颅的sternum 胸骨rib肋骨fibril小纤维arthr-joint关节chondr-cartilage软骨femor-femur/thigh股骨fibr-fiber纤维muscul-/my-肌oste-骨radi-lateral lower arm bone桡骨stern-breastbone胸骨vertebr-vetebra 椎骨5单元：Circulatory SystemCapillary毛细血管arteriole小动脉venule小静脉tricuspid三尖瓣bicuspid二尖瓣myocardium心肌endocardium心内膜pericardium心包膜epicardium心外膜tachycardia心跳过速septum隔膜interventricular室间的interatrial房间的arrhythmia心律不齐atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化phlebitis静脉炎thrombosis血栓形成lymphoma淋巴瘤lymphedema淋巴水肿murmur心区杂音aort-主动脉atri-atrium心房valvul-瓣膜thym-胸腺-cuspid尖瓣brady-慢tachy-快6单元：Respiratory Systempnea-respiration呼吸external外的internal内的inhale吸入exhale呼出pharynx咽larynx喉nasopharynx鼻咽oralpharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽trachea气管bronchi-bronchus支气管bronchiole细支气管alveol-alveolus肺泡thoracic胸的anoxia 缺氧apnea呼吸暂停bradypnea呼吸缓慢hemoptysis咯血hypopnea浅呼吸bronchospasm支气管痉挛emphysema肺气肿hyperpnea呼吸过度，喘息hypopnea呼吸不足orthopnea端坐呼吸sinusitis鼻窦炎bronchoscopy支气管镜检laryngoscopy喉镜检查rhinoplasty鼻成形术Capn-carbon dioxide二氧化碳ox-/oxy-oxygen氧气sin-窦sinus thorac-胸eu-好，正常brady-慢tacky-快7单元Digestive Systemgastrointestinal胃与肠的digestive tract消化管abdominal cavity腹腔intestine肠gallbladder胆囊salivary唾液的anorexia厌食症constipation便秘cholecystolith 胆结石dysphagia吞咽困难flatus肠胃胀气，屁gastralgia胃痛nausea作呕，恶心，反胃Appendectomy阑尾切除术an-肛门anus append-appendix阑尾cec-盲肠chol-胆汁celi-腹col（on）-colon结肠，肠duoden-十二指肠esophag-esophagus食管enter-肠，小肠rect-rectum直肠sial-saliva唾液cheil-lip唇8单元：Urinary SystemUreter输尿管urethra尿道metabolism新陈代谢lumbar腰部的hilum核mucous membrane粘膜nephron肾单位pelvic cavity盆腔cysticolithotripsy膀胱碎石anuria无尿dysuria尿痛（困难）hematuria血尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria多尿pyuria脓尿-in素ren-in肾素cyst-膀胱lith-结石py-脓pus ur-尿urine ureter-输尿管urethr-尿道-emia血症，血-tripsy研碎-uria尿况4、学习通翻译练习题Neurology营养学dermatology 皮肤病学pediatrics儿科学obstetric产科的pathology病理学statistics统计学psychiatry精神病学physiology生理学Hypertension高血压pathophysiology病理生理学cytology细胞学splenomegaly脾肿大Myoma肌瘤neural神经的hepatitis肝炎cardiac心的pulmonary肺的cholecystitis 胆囊炎gastroenteritis胃肠炎cystitis膀胱炎myocardium心肌endocardium心内膜lymphoma淋巴瘤pericardium心包膜atrial心房的vascular血管的interventricular室间的lymphatic淋巴的interatrial心房间的angioma血管瘤atrioventricular房室的cardiovascular心血管的phlebitis静脉炎valvotomy瓣膜切开术Splenectomy脾切除术fibroangioma纤维血管瘤Arteriosclerosis动脉硬化tonsillitis扁桃体炎intravenous经静脉的hepatolienomegaly肝脾肿大pneumonia肺炎Bronchiectasis支气管扩张hemoptysis咯血rhinitis鼻炎pharyngeal咽部的laryngotomy喉部切开术oralpharynx 口咽部alveolar肺泡的tonsillectomy扁桃体切除术Eupnea呼吸正常tachypnea呼吸过快apnea呼吸暂停bradypnea呼吸缓慢bronchitis支气管炎asthma哮喘oral口腔的Gastrointestinal胃肠道的ingestion摄入Digestion消化absorption吸收defecation排便abdominal cavity腹腔elimination排泄Duodenal十二指肠的gastropexy胃部固定术sublingual舌下的cholcystolith胆囊结石Esophageal食道的pancreatits胰腺炎dyspepsia消化不良constipation便秘Gastroduodenostomy胃十二指肠造口术dysphagia吞咽困难mitral valve僧帽瓣Angiography血管造影术tachycardia心动过速myospasm肌肉痉挛murmur心区杂音Thrombosis血栓形成pharynx咽respiratory system呼吸系统inspiration吸气expiration呼气paranasal sinus副鼻窦sinusitis鼻窦炎laryngeal喉部的oropharynx口咽部tracheotomy气管切开术bronchitis支气管炎pneumothorax气胸bronchiectasia支气管扩张dysphonia发声困难tracheobronchitis气管支气管炎tuberculosis肺结核pneumonia肺炎neuralgia神经痛leukemia白血病nephrolith肾结石Hysterocele子宫膨出cardiomegaly心脏肥大gastroptosis胃下垂eupepsia消化正常Ureterostenosis输尿管狭窄osteoma骨肿瘤appendicitis阑尾炎dysuria尿痛。

医学英语复习资料1

请注意：（以下2点可放在资料整理的开头，作为医学英语构词法的灵魂）1.连接性元音只有4个，即-a-, -o-, -y-, -i-.2.在记忆各个构词形、前缀、后缀的基础上，熟悉一下规律便可正确拼写出医学词汇，不必死记硬背。

（1）当后面接的构词形或后缀以辅音字母开头时，前面的连接性元音要保留（2）当后面接的构词形或后缀以元音字母开头时，前面的连接性元音要删除Chapter 1 Human Body as a Whole——朱丽军整理构词形、前缀、后缀意思术语意思adren/o adrenal gland（肾上腺）Adren/al(形容词后缀) 肾上腺的Adrena/line(…素) 肾上腺素Adrenal/itis(….炎) 肾上腺炎-al Pertaining to (与…有关) Medic/al(医学) 医学的Bi/ologi/cal(生物)【ology】学生物学的Chemi/cal(化学) 化学的-ar Pertaining to（与….有关）Vascul/ar(血管) 血管的Cell/ular(细胞) 细胞的Molecul/ar(分子) 分子的bi/o Life(生物生命) Bio/medic/al(医学，的) 生命医学的Bi/ology(学) 生物学Bio/physic/cal(生物，物理) 生物物理的cardio Heart(心脏) Cardi/ology(….学) 心脏学Cardi/opathy(病) 心脏疾病Cardio/gram(记录) 心动描记曲线Chrom/o Color(色) Chromo/somes(体) 染色体Chromat/o Color(色) Chromat/in(物质) 染色质Chromate/plasm(浆) 色素质crin/o Secrete(分泌) Endo/crin/ology(内，学) 内分泌学crino/genic（促…的）促分泌的Crin/ology(学) 分泌学-cyte Cell(细胞) Erythro/cyte(红) 红细胞leuko/cyte(白) 白细胞Lympho/cyte(淋巴) 淋巴细胞cyt/o Cell(细胞) cyt/ology(…学) 细胞学cyto/chemistry(化学) 细胞化学cyto/bi/ology(生物，….学) 细胞生物学Embry/o Embryo(胚胎) Embry/ology(….学) 胚胎学Embry/oma(肿瘤) 胚胎瘤Embry/opath/ology(病，学) 胚胎病理学Endo Inner（内）Endo/crin/ology(分泌，学) 内分泌学Endo/cardi/al(心，…的) 心内的Endo/cellul/ar(分子，…的) 分子内的Epi- Above(上) Epi/theial(凸起) 上皮的Epi/derm/ic(皮，…的) 表皮的Epi/dermat/itis(皮肤，炎症) 表皮炎Erythr/o Red(红色) Erythro/cyte(细胞) 红细胞Erythro/cyto/meter(细胞，计数) 红细胞计数器Erythro/gene/sis(产生，病态) 红细胞发生Ex- Out（外，出）Ex/hale(呼吸) 呼气Ex/pand(广泛) 扩展Ex/pale(驱使) 驱逐-gen Sth that produced andproduces Patho/gen(原) 病原Oxy/gen(氧) 氧气Nitro/gen(氮) 氮气Hemat/o hem/o Blood(血) Hemat/ology(…学) 血液学Hemo/globin(蛋白) 血红蛋白Hemo/cyte（细胞）血细胞Hist/o Tissue(组织) Hist/ology(…学) 组织学Histo/path/ology(病，学) 组织病理学Histo/therapy(治疗) 组织治疗法-ic Pertaining to(与…有关) Bas/ic（基地）基本的Tox/ic(毒) 毒的Symptomat/ic（症状）症状的Immun/o Protection/safe(免疫) Immune/ology(学) 免疫学Immune 免疫Immuno/deficiency（缺陷）免疫缺陷-ine -in Substance（素）Adrenal/ine（肾上腺）肾上腺素Insulin【insulu/o】（胰岛）胰岛素Ur/in【ur/o】尿尿素-ism Process or condition（状态，过程）Meta/bolism（改变）新陈代谢Cata/bol/ism(分解) 分解代谢-logy The study of（学）Sociology【soc】(社会) 社会学Urino/logy(尿) 尿学Cyto/logy（细胞）细胞学Lymph/o Lymph(淋巴) Lympho/cyte(细胞) 淋巴细胞Lymph/oma(肿瘤) 淋巴瘤Lymph/ology(学) 淋巴学Physi/o Physical(生理的) Physi/ology(学) 生理学Physi/cian(特定领域的人) 内科医生Physio/therapy（治疗）理疗-plasm Formation,growth,orsubstance offormation(浆) Cyto/plasm(细胞) 细胞浆Proto/plasm（原始）原生质Neo/plasm(新) 新生物Psych/o Mind(精神) Psycho/logy(学) 精神学Psych/osis(不正常) 精神不正常Psycho/bi/ology(生物，学) 精神生物学-somes Bodies（体）Chromo/somes(色) 染色体Ribo/some(核酸) 核糖体Centro/somes(中心) 中心体Thyr/o Thyroid gland(甲状腺) Hyper/thyroidism(高) 甲亢Hypo/thyroidism(低) 甲低Thyroid/itis（…炎症）甲状腺炎-tomy Process of cutting(切开术) Ana/tomy(分解) 解剖Osteo/tomy(骨) 切骨术Cardio/tomy(心) 心切开术Vascul/o Blood vessel(血管) Vascul/ar（…的）血管的Vascul/itis（炎）血管炎Vasculo/lymphastic(淋巴，…的)血管淋巴的Chapter 2 Disease and Disorders——潘慿整理构词形、前缀、后缀意思术语意思a-,an- not/without（无，缺）a/symptomat/ic（形容词后缀）无症状的an/emia(血症）贫血的a/morph/ous（形状）（形容词后缀）无定型的，非结晶的ana- apart(开，分开）ana/tomy（切开术）解剖ana/lysis（separation/breakdown）分析ana/l yst（yst=ist ....家）分析学家angi/o Vessels(血管）angio/gram(X光造影照片）血管X光造影照片angio/plasty(...修复术）血管修复术angi/tis（itis；....炎）血管炎anti- Against（抗）anti/body（...体）抗体anti/gen（...原）抗原anti/biotic抗生素的ary- Petaining to（...的）pulmon/ary（肺）肺的urin/ary（泌尿）泌尿的heredit/ary 遗传的de- Lack of/down/loss(脱/去/缺）deficiency 缺失de/generation（一代）退化de/oxy/ribo/nucle/ic（氧/核糖/脱氧核糖的dia- complete/crossthrough（透过；全面；横过；脱离）dia/gnos/is（知识）诊断dia/lysis（separate）透析dia/meter（米）直径electr/o Electricity（电）electro/cardio/graphy（心脏/..计；.....仪）心电图仪，心电描计器electro/myo/gram（肌肉/X光造影照片）肌电图electro/encephalo/gram（大脑）脑电图En- In；within（内）en/dem/ic（人）地方性的enclose 闭合engulf 吞噬，吞没gnos/o Knowledge（知识）dia/gnos/is（sis=state/condition）诊断a/gnos/tic（无）无知的，不可知论的pro/gnosis（before）预后-gram Record；X-ray record（图；像）electro/cardio/gram（电/心脏）心电图angio/gram（血管）血管造影照片myelo/gram（脊髓）脊髓X光照片-graph instrument ofrecording（指仪器，图表）chrono/graph（time)记时计spiro/graph（breath）呼吸描记器-graphy Process of recording（指记录）radio/graphy（X光）X光照像术tomo/graphy（cut）断层扫描ultra/sono/graphy（beyond/sound）超声波扫描术Hepat/o- Liver（肝）hepat/itis（...炎）肝炎hepato/cyte肝细胞hepato/gastr/ic（胃）肝胃的-itis Imflammation（炎症）col/itis（结肠）结肠炎gastr/itis（胃）胃炎e nter/itis（intestine）肠炎Mamm/o- Breast(乳房）mammo/graphy（...术）乳房X光造影术mammo/gram（X光造影照片)乳房X光造影照片mammo/plasty（修复术，美容隆胸术-meter Instrument for measuring（测量器）spiro/meter（呼吸）肺活量计thermo/meter（温度）体温计baro/meter（pressure）气压计-osis Abnormal condition（病态）scler/osis（hard）硬化tubercul/osis（tuberculum=small swelling）肺结核psycho/sis 精神病-ous Petaining to（.....的）infecti/ous 感染的nerv/ous（nerve；神经）神经的mucous 粘液的path/o Disease（病）path/ology（....学）病理学patho/meter（测量器）发病率测量器patho/gen（原）病原phag/o eat/swallow（吞）phag/ology（....学）噬菌体学phago/cyto/sis（细胞/状态）吞噬作用-plasty Surgical repair（外科修复术）angio/plasty（血管）血管修复术osteo/plasty（骨）骨修复术myo/plasty（肌肉）肌整形术Pre- Before（前）pre/gnancy（to be born）怀孕pre/dict（talk）预言pre/mature（成熟）早熟pulmon/o Lung（肺）pulmon/ary（...的）肺的pulmon/ology（...学）肺学pulmon/itis肺炎radi/o X ray or study ofredioactive agents（放射）radi/ology（...学）放射学radi/opaque（shadow）不透射线的radio/active放射性的；有辐射的-scope Instrument for viewing orexaming（镜）stetho/scope（胸）听诊器micro/scope（小）显微镜cysto/scope（bladder膀胱）膀胱镜spir/o Breath（呼吸）spiro/meter（测量器）肺活量计re/spir/a tion（名词后缀）呼吸spiro/metric（meter的形容词形式）呼吸量测定的steth/o Chest（胸）stetho/scope（镜）听诊器steth/algia（痛）胸痛stetho/meter（测量器）胸围扩张测量器-therapy Treatment（疗法）chemo/therapy（化学）化疗radio/therapy 放射疗法physio/therapy 物理疗法urin/o Urine（泌尿）urin/ology泌尿学urino/glucoso/meter（糖)尿糖测定器genito/urin/ary（生殖）泌尿生殖的 Chapter 3 Muscular System——黄婉仪整理构词形、前缀、后缀意思术语意思arteri/o artery（动脉）arteri/al（形容词后缀）动脉的arter/itis（…炎）动脉炎arteri/o/logy（…学）动脉学总结bi- ①二②生的，如：bi/o/logy(生物)di- 二，如：carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）bi/c eps（头）二头肌bi/manual（手）双手bi/lateral（一侧）双侧cortic/o ①皮质②壁层cortic/o/spinal（脊髓的）脊髓皮质的cortic/o/pleur/itispleur/o（胸膜）胸膜壁层炎cortic/al(adj.)皮质的dermat/o 皮肤dermat/itis皮炎dermat/o/my/o/sitismy/o（肌）皮肌炎dermat/o/logy皮肤学dys- 不良；困难dys/troph/y（营养）营养不良dys/uria（排尿）排尿困难dys/pepsia（消化）消化不良总结各种“-y- …术”-ectomy 切除术-tomy 切开术；-tome 刀-ostomy 造口术-plasty 修复术、整形术-scopy 镜检术thym/ectomythym/o（胸腺）胸腺切除术gastr/ectomygastr/o（胃）胃切除术arter/ectomyarteri/o动脉切除术-emia 血；血态；血病isch/emiaisch/o（局部短暂地）局部短暂地缺血leu k/emialeuk/o（白）白血病（无）an/emia 贫血总结“内”“外”intra- 内extra- 外extra/cellular(细胞的)细胞外的extra/fus/alfusus 肌梭肌梭外的extra/ocul/ar(adj.)ocul/o（眼）眼外的fibr/o 纤维fibr/emia纤维蛋白血症fibri/n osis（一种病）纤维素过多症fibro/cyte（细胞）纤维细胞gen/o 生殖；产生genet ic（形容词后缀）遗传的gene sis（表示一种状态）生长genera tion（名词后缀）生产；一代又一代hyper- 过度；过高hyper/tension（压力）高血压hyper/troph/y 营养营养过多→肥大hyper/opia（与眼相关的病）远视hypo- 低下hypo/glyc/emiaglyc/o（葡萄糖）低血糖hypo/therm/iatherm/o（体温）体温过低hypo/tension 低血压mal-与dys-一样不良；障碍mal/nutrition=dystrophy 营养不良mal/formation 畸形mal/function=dysfunction 功能障碍morph/o 形态总结-meter …仪，…计-metry …法，…术morph/o/logy形态学morph/o/metry（测定法）形态测定法（无）a/morph/ous(adj.)无定形的multi- 多multi/nucleate 多核的multi/cellular 多细胞的multi/molecular 多分子的my/o 肌my/o/pathy（一种病）肌病my/o/necrosis（坏死）肌坏死my/o/cardi/umcardi/o（心）心肌neur/o 神经neur/o/science 神经科学neur/o/pathy神经病neur/itis神经炎ocul/o 眼ocul/ar(adj.)眼的ocul/o/myc/o/sismyc/o（真菌）眼真菌病ocul/ist（…家）眼科医师-oma 肿瘤thym/o/ma 胸腺瘤my/o/ma 肌肉瘤fibr/o/ma 纤维瘤pelv/i 盆骨pelv/i/meter盆骨测量器pelv/i/o scopy盆腔镜检术pelv/i/fixation（固定术）盆骨固定术peri- 周peri/pheral 外周的peri/cardi/um(n.)心脏外周→心包peri/dental（牙齿的）牙周的总结polio- 灰质cortic/o 皮质polio/myel/it ismyel/o（脊髓）脊髓灰质炎polio/myel/o/pathy小儿麻痹polio/clast/ic 破坏破坏灰质的sarc/o 肌肉sarc/o/plasm（质）肌质、肌浆sarc/o/ma肉瘤sarc/oid（…样的）肉瘤样的ten/o tendon（腱）tendon/ous（adj.）肌腱的tenon/itis肌腱炎ten/o/tome腱刀thym/o thymus（胸腺）thym/o/ma胸腺瘤thym/o/cyte胸腺细胞thym/ectomy胸腺切除术top/o 局部；部位top/o/graphy=loacltopography 局部解剖top/o/logy局部学top/o/log/ist局部解剖学家tox/o; toxic/o 毒tox/i n（…素）毒素toxic/o/logy毒素学toxic/o/pathy中毒性病总结tri- 三bi-; di- 二tri/ceps三头肌tri/ad 三联征tri/cycle 三个轮的trans- 横；经trans/verse 横切的trans/mission 传播trans/mute 变形-trophy 营养；生长a/trophy 无营养→退化、萎缩dys/trophy 营养不良troph/ic(adj.)营养的 Chapter 4 Skeletal System——张琳榆整理构词形、前缀、后缀意思术语意思Arthr/o joint（关节）Arthr/itis（…炎）关节炎Arthro/dynia（…痛）关节痛arthr/ology（…学）关节学Articul/o Joint(关节) Articul/ar(形容词后缀)Articul/ation(名词后缀)Articul/ate 关节的关节连接-blase Embryonic germ(胚细胞)Osteo/blast(骨头…)Erythro/blast(红…)造骨细胞成红细胞淋巴母细胞Lympho/blast(淋巴母…)calci/o Calcium(钙) Calci/mia(…血症)Calci/penia(…缺乏)Calci/gerous(…促进) 钙血症钙质减少生钙的carp/o wrist bone(腕骨) carp/al(形容词后缀)carp/ectomy(…切除术)carpo/pedal(…足) 腕骨的腕骨切除术腕足的chondr/o cartilage(软骨) chondro/blast(…胚细胞)chondro/dynia(…痛)chondr/itis(…炎) 成软骨细胞软骨痛软骨炎-clast to break(破) osteo/clast(骨…)chondro/clast(软骨…)cranio/clast(颅骨…) 破骨细胞破软骨细胞碎颅钳cost/o rib(肋) costo/chondral(…软骨的)costo/tome(…刀)cost/ectomy(…切除术) 肋骨软骨的肋骨刀肋骨切除术crani/o skull(颅骨) crani/al(形容词后缀)cranio/cele(…肿胀)cranio/scopy(…镜检术) 颅骨的脑膨出颅骨镜检术-eal pertaining to(有关；…的)epiphys/eal(骨骺…)metaphys/eal(干骺端…)esophagi/eal(食管…)骨骺的干骺端的食管的estr/o female(雌) estro/gen(…原)estro/ne(…酮)estro/genic(…激素的) 雌激素雌酮动情的eti/o reason(原因；理由) etio/logy(…学) 病因学etio/logic(…学的) etio/tropic(…针对) 病因学的针对病因的femor/o femur,thigh bone(股骨)femor/al(形容词后缀)femoro/cele(…肿胀)femoro/tibial(…胫骨)股骨的股疝股骨胫骨的gastr/o stomach(胃) gastr/itis(…炎)gastr/ectomy(…切除术)gastr/ic(…形容词后缀) 胃炎胃切除术胃的intra- within,in(内) intra/membranous(…膜)intra/gastric(…胃)intra/ocular(…眼) 膜内的胃内的眼内的myel/o bone marrow;spinalcord(髓) myelo/id(…样的)myelo/ma(…癌)myel/itis(…炎)髓样的骨髓癌骨髓炎neo- new(新) neo/plasm(…形成)neo/pathy(…病)neo/nate(…生产) 新生物新病新生儿-oid resembling(…样的) oste/oid(骨…)sesam/oid(芝麻…)cyst/oid(囊袋…) 骨样的芝麻样的囊袋样的-one hormone(酮) parathorm/one(甲状旁腺…)progester/one(前…怀孕…)aldoster/one() 甲状旁腺激素孕酮醛固酮orth/o straight;putsomethingstraight(直；正) ortho/pedics()ortho/pedist()ortho/pnea(…呼吸)骨科骨科医生端坐呼吸oste/o bone骨() osteo/genic()osteo/dynia(…痛)osteo/lysis(…溶解) 生骨的骨痛骨质溶解para- along the sideof(旁)para/llel(…另一个)para/thyroid(…甲状腺的)para/thormone(…甲状旁腺激素)平行的副甲状腺的甲状旁腺激素phalang/o fingers and toes(指；趾) phalang/es()phalang/itis(…炎)指骨指炎phalang/ectomy(…切除术)指切除术-poiesis formation(生成) hemato/poiesis(血液…)erythro/poiesis(红细胞…)lympho/poiesis(淋巴细胞…) 血液生成红细胞生成淋巴细胞生成pro- before,forward(前) pro/jection(…扔)pro/gnosis(…知识)pro/ceed(…进行) 透射；凸起预后进行radi/o lateral lower armbone(桡骨)radi/us()radio/ulnar(…尺骨)radio/humeral(…肱骨)桡骨桡骨尺骨的桡骨肱骨的stern/o breastbone(胸骨) stern/um(…结构)sterno/costal(…肋)sterno/id(…样的) 胸骨胸肋的胸骨样的-um structure;thing;substance(质；结构) calci/um(钙…)stern/um(胸骨…)magnesi/um(镁…)钙质胸骨镁ur/o urine;urinarytract(尿；尿道)hypercalci/ur/ia(高钙…)ur/ic(形容词后缀)uro/pathy(…病)高钙尿症尿的尿道疾病vertebr/o the spinal bone(椎骨)vertrbr/al(形容词后缀)vertebr/ectomy(…切除术)vertebro/costal(…肋的)椎骨的椎骨切除术椎肋的Chapter 5 Digestive System——汤桂花整理构词形、前缀、后缀意思术语意思aliment/o food,nutrient(食物，营养) aliment/a/tion 供给食物aliment/ary(…的)营养的hyper/aliment/a/tion(过高)营养过度appendic/o appendix（阑尾）append/ectomy(切除术)阑尾切除术appendic/itis(炎症)阑尾炎appendic/al(…的)阑尾的auto- self,own(自我) auto/digestion 自体消化auto/infection 自体感染auto/psy 尸检cholecyst/o gallbladder(胆囊) cholecyst/ectomy 胆囊切除术cholecyst/itis 胆囊炎cholecyst/ic 胆囊的bucc/o cheek(颊) bucc/al 颊的bucc/o/pulpal 颊与牙髓的diverticul/o things that turnaside(异常的)（憩室）diverticul/um 憩室diverticul/itis 憩室炎diverticul/osis(病态)憩室病chol/e,chol/o gall,bile(胆汁) chol/e/lith/iasis(病)lith/o(石头)胆石病chol/e/stasis(停止，阻塞)胆汁郁积chol/e/mesis(呕吐)呕胆bil/i gall,bile(胆汁) bil/i/rubin 胆红素bil/i/ary(…的)胆汁，胆管的bil/i/ation 胆汁分泌cis/o to cut(切) in/cis/ion（进入）切开in/cis/or 切牙ex/cis/ion（外）切除dent/o,dent/i tooth(牙) dent/i/tion 出牙labi/o/dent/al(嘴唇)唇齿的dent/i/frice 牙粉gingiv/o gums(牙龈) gingiv/ae (复数：gingiva) 牙龈gingiv/itis 牙龈炎gingiv/ectomy 牙龈切除术lingu/o tongue(舌) lingu/al 舌的sub/lingu/al(下)舌下的lingu/o/dent/al 舌齿的nas/o nose(鼻) nas/al 鼻的nas/o/gastr/ic 鼻饲的nas/o/palatine 鼻腭的or/o mouth(口) or/o/pharynx 口咽or/al 口的，口服的or/a/logy(…学)口腔学enter/o intestine,usually smallintestine(肠，小肠) enter/o/pathy 肠病enter/o/col/itis 小肠结肠炎gastr/o/enter/o/logist 胃肠病学家col/o,colon/o colon,largeintestine(结肠，肠) colon/o/pathy(病)结肠病colon/o/scope(镜)结肠镜col/o/stomy(造口术)结肠造口术ile/o ileum(回肠) ile/o/cec/al 回盲的ile/o/stomy 回肠造口术ile/itis 回肠炎jejun/o jejunum(空肠) gastr/o/jejun/o/stomy 胃空肠吻合术jejun/o/tomy 空肠切开术jejun/o/ile/al 空肠回肠的duoden/o duodenum(十二指肠) duoden/ectomy 十二指肠切除术gastr/o/duoden/al(胃)胃和十二指肠的duoden/itis 十二指肠炎cec/o cecum(盲肠) cec/o/rrhaphy(缝合术)盲肠缝合术cec/o/pexy(固定术)盲肠固定术cec/o/colic 盲肠结肠的proct/o rectum(直肠) proct/o/logy 直肠病学proct/o/scope 直肠镜proct/o/pexy 直肠固定术sigmoid/o sigmoid colon(乙状结肠) sigmoid/o/scopy(镜检术) 乙状结肠镜检术sigmoid/itis 乙状结肠炎sigmoid/o/tomy 乙状结肠切开术-megaly enlargement(增大) splen/o/megaly 脾肿大hepat/o/megaly 肝肿大cardi/o/megaly 心肥大micro- small(小) micro/scope 显微镜micro/scop/ic 显微镜的micro/nodular 小结节的pancreat/o pancreas(胰腺) pancreat/ic 胰腺的pancreat/itis 胰腺炎pancreat/in 胰酶pharyng/o pharynx(咽) pharyng/itis 咽炎pharyng/o/nas/al 鼻咽的pharyng/o/xer/o/sis(干的) 咽干燥sial/o saliva(唾液) sial/o/rrhea(漏出)流涎sial/o/lith 涎石saliva/ry 唾液的splen/o spleen(脾) splen/o/megaly 脾肿大splen/ectomy 脾切除术splen/ic 脾的-stomy surgical openingto the outside of thebody(造口术，吻合术) ile/o/stomy 回肠造口术col/o/stomy 结肠造口术col/o/proct/o/stomy 结肠直肠吻合术sub- below,under(在…下) sub/lingu/al 舌下的sub/mandibul/ar(下颌) 下颌下的sub/acid 亚酸 Chapter 6 Respiratory System——唐善哲整理构词形、前缀、后缀意思术语意思abdomin/o Abdomen(腹) abdomin/al（形容词后缀）腹的abdomino/scopy（...镜检术）腹部镜检术abdomino/cystic（...胆囊的）腹部胆囊的alveo/o alveolus（肺泡）alveol/ar（形容词后缀）肺泡的alveol/itis（炎）肺泡炎alveolocapill/ary（形容词后缀）肺泡的ambi- both(二；两方) ambigu/ous（形容词后缀）含糊的ambisexu/al（形容词后缀）双性的Ambi/dexterity（灵巧）左右开弓bronch/o bronchus(支气管) bronch/itis(炎)支气管炎broncho/scopy(镜检术)支气管镜检术bronchi/ectasis(扩张)支气管扩张-capnia carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) hyper/capnia(过量)高碳酸血症eu/capnia(正常)血中二氧化碳含量正常hypo/capnia(低量)低碳酸血症cyan/o blue(蓝；青紫；绀) cyan/osis(不正常状态)发绀cyano/pathy(病)发绀cyano/bacterium(细菌)藻青菌di- two(两；二；双) di/oxide(氧化物)二氧化碳dicycl/ic(形容词后缀) 两种细胞的di/cytosis(细胞状态)两种细胞状态-ectasis expansion;dilation(扩张；膨胀) bronchi/ectasis(支气管)支气管扩张atel/ectasis(肺不完整的)肺不张pneumon/ectasis(肺)肺气肿-ema condition(状况；情况) em/py/ema(里)积脓emphys/ema(肺气肿)肺气肿ed/ema(水肿)水肿epiglott/o epiglottis(会厌) epiglott/is 会厌epiglottid/itis(炎)会厌炎epiglott/ectomy(切除术)会炎切除术inter- between(在...之间) inter/costal(肋的) 肋间的inter/stitial(质)间质的inter/mittent(停止)间歇的larng/o larynx,voicebox(喉；音盒) laryngo/plasty(修复术)喉修复术laryng/ectomy(切除术)喉切除术laryngotracheobronch/itis(炎)喉炎Lob/o Lobe(of thelung)(叶；肺叶) lob/es 肺叶lob/ar(形容词后缀)肺叶的lob/ectomy(切除术)肺叶切除术Macro- large(大的) macro/phage(吞噬细胞)巨噬细胞macro/molecule(分子)大分子macro/cyte(细胞)大红细胞meta- change(变化；改变) metastas/ize(动词后缀)转移metastat/ic(形容词后缀)转移的metastas/ectomy(切除术)转移灶切除术medi- middle(中央；中间) medi/astinum 纵膈mediastino/scopy(镜检术)纵膈镜检术mediastino/gram(造影图)纵膈造影术-osmia smell(味道；气味) a/nosmia(无)嗅觉缺失症anosmat/ic(形容词后缀)无气味的hyper/osmia(过量) 嗅觉过敏-oxia level of oxygen(氧量) hypo/xia(不足) 氧不足an/oxia(不，否)缺氧hyper/oxia(过量)高氧ox/o oxygen(氧) hypox/emia(血态)血氧不足oxy/acid(酸)含氧酸oxy/genate(结合)氧化pleur/o pleura(胸膜) pleur/itis(炎)胸膜炎pleuro/dynia(痛)胸膜痛pleur/al(形容词后缀)胸膜的-pnea breathing(呼吸) dys/pnea(不正常)呼吸不正常hyper/pnea(过量)呼吸过度tachy/pnea(快)呼吸过快pneumon/o lung;air(肺) pneumon/ia(病)肺炎pneumo/thorax(胸)气胸pneumoconio/sis(状态)尘肺pseud/o false(假性) pseudo/tumor(肿瘤)假性肿瘤pseudo/pregnancy(怀孕)假性怀孕pseudo/edema(水肿)假性水肿-ptysis spitting(吐痰) hemo/ptysis(血)咳血em/ptysis(血) 咯血melano/ptysis(黑)黑痰sin/o sinus;sinuscavity(窦；窦腔) sino/graphy(造影术)窦腔造影术sinus/itis(炎)窦腔炎para/nasal/sinus(鼻)副鼻窦腔-stasis control;stoppage(控制；阻滞) meta/stasis(变化)新陈代谢hemo/stasis(血)止血hemostasi/a(名词后缀)止血术thorac/o chest(胸) thoraco/plasty(修复术)胸廓修复术thorac/ic(形容词后缀)胸的thora/centesis(穿刺术)胸腔穿刺术tonsill/o tonsil(扁桃体) tonsill/ectomy(切除术)扁桃体切除术tonsill/itis(炎)扁桃体炎tonsill/ar(形容词后缀)扁桃体的trache/o trachea(气管) tracheo/tomy(切开术)气管切开术trache/al(形容词后缀)气管的tracheo/stomy(切开术)气管切开术tubercul/o Small swelling（轻度肿胀) tuberculo/sis(状态)肺结核tubercul/ous(形容词后缀)结核的tubercul/oma(肿瘤)脑内结核肿瘤Chapter 7 Cardiovascular System——徐金龄整理构词形、前缀、后缀意思术语意思aneurysm/o a sac formed by thedilatation of thewall of an artery aneurysm/otomy（切开术）动脉瘤切开术aneurysm/orrhaphy（缝合术）动脉瘤缝合术aneurysm/ectomy（切除术）动脉瘤切除术aort/o aorta aort/itis（炎）主动脉炎aort o/gram（片）主动脉造影片aort/opathy（病）主动脉病ather/o plaque of fattysubstance ather/osclerosis（硬化）动脉粥样硬化ather/oembolism（血管栓塞）动脉栓塞ather/ogenesis（形成）动脉形成atri/o atrium inter/atrial（里）心房内atri/omegaly（扩大）心房肥大atri/otomy（切开术）心房切开术brady- slow brady/cardia心动过缓brady/rhythm/ia心动过缓brady/kinetic运动缓慢coron/o crown ;heart coron/ary（的）冠状的coron/avirus（病毒）冠状病毒coron/oid冠状样的-cuspid pointed shape tri/cuspid（三个的）三尖瓣bi/cuspid（两个的）二尖瓣bi/cuspid/al二尖瓣的dors/o back dorsa/lis背的dorsonasal 鼻梁的dorsalgia 背痛echo- high-frequencysound waves echo/cardi/ography心脏超声波检查术echo/cardi/ogram心脏超声片ech/ogenic超声的embol/o mass of clottedblood embol/ism栓塞embolization 栓塞形成emboliform 楔形的-genic produced by or in cardi/ogenic心源性的path/ogenic 病理性的aller/genic（过敏）过敏源的-ia condition arrhythm/ia 心律不齐analges/ia 镇痛asphyx/ia（缺氧）窒息in- not in/voluntary 不随意的in/voluntomotory 不随意运动in/sufficiency 缺乏isch- hold back,supress isch/emia（血症）缺血ische/sis 分泌物潴留isch/uria 尿闭-ole little,small arteri/ole（动脉）小动脉bronchi/ole（支气管）小支气管centri/ole（中心）中心粒rheumat/o watery flow rheumat/ism 风湿病rheumat/ology 风湿学rheumat/oid 类风湿的phleb/o vein phleb/itis 静脉炎phleb/othromb/osis 静脉栓塞phleb/oplasty 静脉修复术semi- half semi/lunar（月）半月形的semi/coma 轻度昏迷semi/conductor 半导体-spasm sudden contractionof muscles angi/ospasm 血管痉挛vas/ospasm 血管痉挛anti/spasm/odic 解痉的sphygm/o pulse sphygm/oman/ometer（*仪）血压计sphygm/oscopy（检查术）脉检查术sphygm/ometer脉检测仪sys- together systole 收缩期systolic 收缩期的systol/ometer 心音鉴定器tachy- fast tachy/cardia 心动过速tachy/arrhythm/ia 心动过速tachy/pnea 呼吸过速-tension pressure hyper/tension（压力）高血压hypo/tension 低血压normo/tension 血压正常thel/o nipple;coveringtissue as skin endo/thelium 内皮epi/thelium 上皮thel/itis 乳头炎thromb/o clot thromb/osis 血栓thromb/ophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎thromb/ocytosis（数量增多）血小板增多valvul/o valve valvul/oplasty（修复术）瓣膜修复术valvul/itis 瓣膜炎valvul/otomy 瓣膜切开术vas/o vessel vas/oactive 作用于血管的vas/opressor 血管加压剂vas/ospastic 血管痉挛的veni- vein veni/puncture静脉穿刺veni/suture（缝合）静脉缝合veni/section静脉切开ventricul/o ventricle inter/ventricul/ar 室间的ventricul/ography心室X光造影术ventricul/ometry（测量法）室压测量法-version turning cardi/oversion 心脏除颤术e/version（外）外翻in/version（内）内翻医学英语小组出品。

临床英语期末知识点总结

临床英语期末知识点总结IntroductionClinical English is the specialized field of English used in the context of healthcare, medicine, and allied health professions. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have a good command of clinical English in order to effectively communicate with patients, colleagues, and other healthcare professionals, as well as to access and understand medical literature and documentation. This knowledge summary aims to consolidate the key points of clinical English that are relevant to healthcare professionals.Medical TerminologyOne of the fundamental components of clinical English is medical terminology. Medical terminology is comprised of specific word roots, prefixes, and suffixes that are used to describe the human body, diseases, conditions, symptoms, treatments, and procedures. It is important for healthcare professionals to have a comprehensive understanding of medical terminology in order to accurately and efficiently communicate with colleagues and patients, as well as to interpret medical documentation.Anatomy and PhysiologyAnatomy and physiology are essential components of clinical English, as they provide the foundational knowledge of the structure and function of the human body. Healthcare professionals should have a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology in order to effectively communicate with patients and colleagues, as well as to interpret and communicate medical information accurately.Medical Procedures and TreatmentsHealthcare professionals need to be familiar with the clinical English terminology related to medical procedures and treatments. This includes understanding the names of various medical procedures, instruments, and equipment, as well as the terminology used to describe different treatments and interventions. Knowledge of these terms is vital for effective communication and collaboration within healthcare teams.Diagnostic TestingDiagnostic testing is a crucial aspect of healthcare, and healthcare professionals should be well-versed in the clinical English terminology associated with various diagnostic tests, such as laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other diagnostic procedures. Being able to accurately interpret and communicate the results of diagnostic testing is essential for providing high-quality patient care.PharmacologyPharmacology is an important area of clinical English, as it encompasses the study of drugs and their effects on the body. Healthcare professionals need to understand the clinical English terminology related to pharmacology, including drug names, classifications, side effects, interactions, and dosages, in order to safely and effectively prescribe, administer, and monitor medications for their patients.Medical DocumentationIn the healthcare setting, medical documentation plays a critical role in communication and information exchange. Healthcare professionals should be familiar with the clinical English terminology used in medical documentation, including charting, progress notes, discharge summaries, and other forms of medical record-keeping. Accurate and concise medical documentation is essential for continuity of care and patient safety.Communication with PatientsEffective communication with patients is an integral part of healthcare delivery, and healthcare professionals should have strong clinical English communication skills. This includes the ability to use plain language to explain medical concepts and procedures to patients, as well as to elicit and understand patients’ concerns and preferences. Clear and empathetic communication with patients is essential for building trust and ensuring patient understanding and cooperation.Communication with ColleaguesCommunication with colleagues is another important aspect of clinical English. Healthcare professionals need to be able to communicate effectively with other members of the healthcare team, including physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, and administrative staff. This includes using clear and concise language, as well as understanding and conveying complex medical information accurately.Cultural CompetenceIn an increasingly diverse healthcare environment, cultural competence is an essential skill for healthcare professionals. This involves understanding and respecting the cultural beliefs, values, and practices of patients from different backgrounds, as well as being aware of how cultural factors may impact patients’ health and healthcare experiences. Having cultural competence allows healthcare professionals to provide more personalized and effective care to their patients.Ethical and Legal ConsiderationsHealthcare professionals need to be aware of the ethical and legal considerations that are relevant to their practice. This includes understanding the principles of medical ethics, as well as the laws and regulations that govern healthcare delivery, patient confidentiality, informed consent, and other aspects of patient care. Adhering to ethical and legal standards is essential for providing safe and ethical care to patients.ConclusionClinical English is an essential skill for healthcare professionals, as it encompasses the specialized terminology and communication skills required for healthcare delivery. By having a solid understanding of medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, medical procedures and treatments, diagnostic testing, pharmacology, medical documentation, communication with patients and colleagues, cultural competence, and ethical and legal considerations, healthcare professionals can effectively navigate the complexities of clinical English and provide high-quality care to their patients. This summary provides a comprehensive overview of the key knowledge points of clinical English that are relevant to healthcare professionals, and serves as a valuable resource for enhancing clinical English proficiency in the healthcare setting.。

医学英语期末复习要点

英语期末复习Unit11.…that one stray request from a patient—even one that is quite relevant—might send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。

2.…I'm piling yet another pill onto her…我还要再给她另加一种药。

3.…she's caught one of my neurons in mid- fire…她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止…4.My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay.我的本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我的思路。

5.We merely zip back and forth between them, generally losing accuracy in the process.我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换，通常情况下，在转换的过程中丢失了精准。

6.It boils down to a question of ethics.它可归结成一个伦理学问题。

7.In some cases, having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on- one nurse can come close to simulating a second brain, but most medical budgets don't allow for such staffing indulgence.有些情况下，有个专注、出色的临床搭档，如一对一的护士，就仿佛有了第二个大脑，不过大多数医疗预算不会如此大方，这样配备人员。

医学英语复习

【课文翻译】《Antibiotic Resistance》1.In the past we have managed to develop new antibiotics to replace those that had bee ineffective，but that has changed now that some bacteria have bee resistant to all available drug treatments.过去，我们一直努力开发新的抗生素，来取代那些已经无效的抗生素。

然而，现在这种情况变了，这是因为有些细菌已对现有的抗菌素治疗都产生了抗药性。

2.We are safe while these bacteria remain sensitive to erythromycin or tetracycline but，given the experience with their hospital-based cousins，it will only be a matter of time before these bee ineffective too.当这些细菌还对红霉素或四环素敏感时，我们是安全的，但鉴于我们对它们那些在医院的同类的经验得知，这些抗菌素变得无效也只是时间问题了。

3.In the US，outbreaks of multi-resistant strains have occurred in both health settings and prisons，causing the deaths of many who came into contact with the original infected person.在美国，广泛耐药性的菌属已出现在医疗保健场所和监狱，导致许多与感染者接触的人员死亡。

4.Antibiotics have made a huge difference to this condition，but we are now getting to the stage where we no longer have effective and proven therapy that works against some of these higher level resistance strains.抗生素使这种状况大为改变，但是我们现在正在回到这种状态，即再也没有有效治疗对付那些高耐药性的细菌感染了。

医学英语期末总结

医学英语期末总结I. IntroductionThe study and practice of medical English are crucial for healthcare professionals to effectively communicate with colleagues, patients, and healthcare organizations on a global scale. This critical review aims to summarize the key aspects of medical English and provide an in-depth analysis of the different skills required for medical professionals to excel in this field.II. Speaking SkillsEffective communication is essential for healthcare professionals to gather accurate medical histories, explain diagnoses and treatment options, and provide instructions to patients. Medical professionals must be able to speak clearly and concisely, using appropriate medical terminology while ensuring they are understandable to their audience. Active listening skills are also crucial, allowing healthcare professionals to understand patient concerns and respond with empathy and clarity.III. Writing SkillsMedical professionals must have strong writing skills to effectively communicate through medical records, research papers, emails, and other written documents. Skills such as organizing thoughts and ideas, using appropriate medical terminology, and maintaining clarity and conciseness are essential. Writing skills also extend to writing medical reports, prescriptions, and other documentation required for patient care.IV. Reading SkillsMedical professionals are required to read vast amounts of medical literature, research papers, case studies, and patient records to stay updated with the latest medical advances and provide evidence-based care. Strong reading skills, including the ability to comprehend complex medical jargon, analyze data, and critically evaluate research, are crucial for success in the medical field.V. Listening SkillsAs healthcare professionals, it is essential to have excellent listening skills to understand patient concerns, follow instructions, and effectively communicate with colleagues. These skills include active listening, paying attention to non-verbal cues, and empathetic listening that allows healthcare professionals to understand the emotions and concerns of patients and provide appropriate care.VI. Vocabulary BuildingMedical professionals need to continuously build and expand their medical vocabulary to effectively communicate within the field. Learning medical terminology, abbreviations,acronyms, and anatomical terms are essential for clear communication among healthcare professionals and accurate documentation.VII. Grammar and SyntaxProper grammar and syntax play a vital role in delivering accurate medical information and avoiding misunderstandings. Correct usage of tenses, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure ensure that medical professionals communicate clearly and effectively.VIII. Cultural SensitivityIn a globalized world, medical professionals must be sensitive to cultural diversity and differences in communication styles. Understanding cultural norms, beliefs, and practices helps healthcare professionals to establish effective communication and build trust with patients from different cultural backgrounds.IX. Professional EtiquetteHealthcare professionals should maintain a professional demeanor while communicating with patients, colleagues, and other stakeholders. Demonstrating respect, empathy, and active listening skills are vital to building strong relationships and providing holistic care.X. ConclusionThe study and mastery of medical English skills are paramount for successful communication in the medical field. Speaking, writing, reading, and listening skills, along with vocabulary building, grammar, cultural sensitivity, and professional etiquette, contribute to effective communication and patient-centered care. By continuously honing these skills, healthcare professionals can provide optimal healthcare outcomes and build stronger relationships with patients and colleagues across the globe.。

医学英语复习资料1

医学英语复习资料1医学英语复习资料1：1. Anatomical Terminology:- Anterior: front side of the body- Posterior: back side of the body- Superior: above or higher in position- Inferior: below or lower in position- Medial: towards the midline of the body- Lateral: away from the midline of the body- Proximal: closer to the point of attachment or origin- Distal: farther away from the point of attachment or origin 2. Medical Abbreviations:- CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation- ECG/EKG: electrocardiogram- MRI: magnetic resonance imaging- CT scan: computed tomography scan- ICU: intensive care unit- NPO: nothing by mouth- Rx: prescription- SOB: shortness of breath3. Common Medical Conditions:- Hypertension: high blood pressure- Diabetes: a condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels- Asthma: a chronic respiratory condition characterized by difficulty breathing- Arthritis: inflammation of the joints- Stroke: a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to neurological damage- Cancer: abnormal growth of cells that can invade and spread to other parts of the body4. Medical Procedures:- Biopsy: removal of a small sample of tissue for examination- Colonoscopy: examination of the colon using a flexible tube with a camera- Appendectomy: surgical removal of the appendix- Angioplasty: a procedure to open blocked or narrowed blood vessels- C-section: cesarean section, a surgical delivery of a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen5. Medical Equipment:- Stethoscope: a device used to listen to internal body sounds, such as the heart and lungs- Sphygmomanometer: a device used to measure blood pressure- Scalpel: a surgical knife used for making incisions- Syringe: a device used for injecting or withdrawing fluids from the body- Defibrillator: a device used to deliver an electric shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm in cases of cardiac arrestThese are just a few examples of medical terminology and concepts. It is important to continue studying and reviewing medical English to become familiar with a wide range of medical terms and their usage.。

医学英语考试复习重点

Pronounce each medical word correctly, and write out the pronunciation of each underlined letter(s). (1 point for each, 10 points in all)Put the primary stress on each of the following medical words. ( 1 point for each, 10 points in all)Translate the following English terms into Chinese. (1.5 point for each, 15 points in all)Translate the following terms into English. (1.5 point for each, 15 points in all) Give the meaning for each of the following words according to your knowledge of combining word elements. (2 point for each, 30 points in all)Make medical words according to the givien explanation and your knowledge of medical word forming. (1 point for each, 10 points in all)Choose the right answer for each of the following items. (1 point for each, 10 points in all)Chapter 1 Cardiovascular System TerminologyPart I Roots for the cardiovascular systematriotomy心房切开术angi (o)- blood vesselangitis [æn'dʒaitis]脉管炎angioplasty ['ændʒiəu,plæsti] 血管成形术angiostenosis [,ændʒiəusti'nəusis]血管狭窄angiorrhaphy ['ændʒiəu'ɔrəfi]血管缝术angiectasis[,ændʒi'ektəsis] 血管扩张arteri (o)- artery or arteriesarteriogram[ɑ:'tiəriəuɡræm] 动脉造影照片arteriorrhexis [ɑ:,tiəri'ɔreksis]动脉破裂arteriopathy动脉病arteriosclerosis [ɑ:,tiəriəusklə'rəusis]动脉硬化aort(o)- [ei'ɔ:tə]: aorta 主动脉ather(o)- a combining form denoting glue-like deposit or atheroma 粥样斑, atherosclerosis [,æθərəu'dʒenisis]动脉粥样硬化aortorrhaphy主动脉缝合术aortectomy主动脉部分切除术aortotomy主动脉切开术atri(o)-: atrium of the heartvalv(o)- or valvul(o)- : valveatrioventricular[,eitriəuven'trikjulə]房室的valvulitis心瓣炎valvotome瓣膜刀atriomegaly心房肥大valvulopathy(心)瓣病cardi(o)-: heart or the cardiac orificebradycardia心动过缓pericarditis[,perikɑ:'daitis] 心包炎tachycardia心动过速cardiomyopathy心肌病myocarditis心肌炎phleb(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to a vein or veins phlebostenosis静脉狭窄phleborrhagia静脉出血phlebography 静脉造影(术)phlebotomy[fli'bɔtəmi]静脉切开术,放血术vas(o)-: blood vessel or ductven(o)- : veinvenostasis[,vi:nə'steisis] 静脉郁滞vasculitis血管炎vasography血管造影术vasospasm血管痉挛Part II Clinical and pathological conditions Atherosclerosis:EmbolismHeat FailureHypertension:Myocardial infarction-Angina pectoris-Chapter 2 Respiratory System Terminology Part I Roots for the Respiratory systemrhinorrhea:鼻液溢laryngo-喉; bronchogenic 支气管原的; bronchiole细支气管bronchorrhagia支气管出血bronchoscopy [brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]支气管镜检查法bronchiecctasis支气管扩张bronchostenosis支气管狭窄bronchitis支气管炎bronchocele['brɔŋkənsi:l]支气管囊肿laryng(o)-: larynx (throat)laryngitis喉炎laryngectomy[,lærin'dʒektəmi]喉切除术laryngostomy[,læriŋ'ɡɔstəmi]喉造口术laryngoscope喉镜laryngocentesis喉穿刺术pharyng(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to the pharynx 咽pharyngocele咽囊肿[fə'riŋɡɔsi:']pharyngostenosis[,fəringəu 'st inəusis]咽狭窄pharyngorrhagia[,færin gə'r eidʒiə]咽出血pharyngemphraxis[,færin dʒe mf'ræk sis]咽阻塞pleur(o)-: pleura胸膜pleuropexy胸膜固定术pleurocentesis胸腔穿刺术pleurodynia[,pluərə'diniə]胸膜痛pleurotomy胸膜切开术pneum(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to respiration, the lungs, or airpneumonectomy[,nju:məu'nektəmi]肺切除术pneumonia肺炎pneumomelanosis肺黑变病pneumoconiosis肺尘症rhin(o)- noserhinoplasty ['rainəu,plæsti]鼻成形术rhinorrhagia[,rainə'r eidʒiə]鼻出血rhinosinusitis鼻窦炎t horac(o)-: thoraxpneumothorax气胸hydrothorax胸膜积水hemothorax血胸thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术pyothorax脓胸trache(o)- : trachea or the windpipe tracheopyosis气管化脓tracheitis[,treiki'aitis]气管炎tracheomalacia[,treikiəmə'leiʃiə]气管软化tracheorrhaphy气管缝合(术)-pnea: breath or respirationoligopnea呼吸迟缓tachypnea[,tækip'ni:ə]呼吸急促dyspnea呼吸困难eupnea ,呼吸正常,正常呼吸apnea[æp'niə]呼吸暂停orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə]端坐呼吸hyperpnea[,haipəp'ni:ə]呼吸增强,呼吸过度bradypnoea呼吸缓慢hypopnea[hai'pɔpni:ə, ,haipəu'ni:ə]呼吸减弱,呼吸不足Part II Clinical and pathological conditionsTuberculosisAsthma.PneumoconiosisChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Emphysema,Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal SystemPart I Roots for the musculoskeletal systemVertebral column脊柱; calcaneus跟骨; carpals 腕骨; metacarpals 掌骨; phalanges 指骨,趾骨; tarsals: 踝眼骨跗骨；metatarsals: 跖骨[zhí gǔ]; tibia胫骨; humerus肱骨coccyx 尾骨Inotropic [,inə'trɔpik]变力的;影响肌肉收缩的; fasciodesis:筋膜固定术; tenorrhaphy腱缝术; cardiotonic强心药; dyskinesia [,diskai'ni:ziə] 运动障碍myeloblast['maiələublɑ:st ]成髓细胞,原始粒细胞; asynovia滑液缺乏;bursa: 粘液囊,滑液囊; bursotomy粘液囊切开术acr(o)-: extremity, tip or endacrodynia[,ækrə'dainiə]肢端痛acromegaly肢端肥大症acrocyanosis【,ækrəusiə'nəusis]手足发绀arthr(o)-: joint or jointsarthrosclerosis[,ɑ:θrəuskliə'rəusis]关节硬化arthrodysplasia关节发育不良arthrodesis [ɑ:'θrɔdəsis]关节固定术arthralgia关节痛chondr(o)-: cartilagechondromalacia软骨软化chondrocyte软骨细胞chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤chondrodysplasia软骨发育不全chondrofibroma软骨纤维瘤cost(o)- : ribsrachi(o)-: spinecostosternoplasty肋骨胸骨成形术.rachiocentesis椎管穿刺costalagia 肋骨痛rachitis脊柱炎rachiography脊柱造影my(o)-: musclemyoblastoma[,maiəblæs’təumə]成肌细胞瘤myosclerosis肌硬化(症)myodynia肌痛myodysplasia肌发育异常myoatrophy肌萎缩oste(o)-: bone or bonesosteoarthritis[,ɔstiəuɑ:'θraitis]骨关节炎osteoclast['ɔstiəuklæst]破骨细胞osteoblast['ɔstiəublæst]成骨细胞osteonecrosisɔstiəune'krəusis]骨坏死[sarc(o)-: flesh or connective tissue肌肉、结缔组织sarcolipoma脂肉瘤sarcoblast成肌细胞carcinosarcoma[,kɑ:sinəusɑ:'kəumə]癌肉瘤spondyl(o): vertebra or the spinal column脊椎,脊柱spondylitis脊椎炎spondylomalacia脊椎软化spondylosis[,spɔndi'ləusis]椎关节强直spondylopathy脊椎病syndesm(o): ligaments与结缔组织、特别是与韧带有关syndesmoplasty韧带成形术syndesmopexy[sin'dezmə,peksi]韧带固定术ten(o)-, tend(o)-: tendons腱tenosynovitis腱鞘炎tenotomy腱切断术tenorrhaphy腱缝合术tenectomy腱鞘切除术Part II Common Muscles Disorders and DiseasesMetabolic bone disease.OsteoporosisArthritis.Rheumatoid arthritisGoutChapter 4 Integumentary System (Skin) Terminology Part I Rootsderm(o)- or dermat(o)-: skin-derma: skin or skin diseasedermatitis皮炎hypodermic皮下的dermatosclerosis[,də:mətəsklə'rəusis]硬皮病dermatopathy[,də:mə'tɔpəθi]皮肤病epiderm(o)- the outer layer of skin表皮epidermosis表皮病epidermoma表皮瘤epidermatoplasty[,epidə:'mætɔ,plæsti]表皮成形术hidr(o)- : sweat or sweat glands汗,汗腺hyperhidrosis多汗(症) [,haipəhi'drəusis] hidradenitis[,haidrædi'naitis]汗腺炎hypohidrosis少汗症anhidrosis[,ænhai'drəusis]无汗症hidradenoma汗腺腺瘤hist(o)-: tissue组织histiocytosis[,histiəsi'təusis]组织细胞增多病histogenesis[,histəu'dʒenisis]组织发生histiocytoma组织细胞瘤kerat(o)-: horn or horny tissuekeratosis角化病keratinocyte[kə'rætinəsait]角质化细胞keratogenesis[,kerətəu'dʒenisis]角质生成lip(o)-: fat, fatty, fatty tissue or lipidlipidosis脂沉积(症)hyperlipemia[,haipə(:)li'pi:miə]高脂血症lipoatrophy皮下脂肪萎缩, 脂肪营养不良Part II Clinical and pathological conditionsEczemaPsoriasisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)Malignant melanomaPruritusChapter 5 Digestive System Terminology Part I Rootsantr(o)-: antrum of the stomachappendic(o)- vermiform appendix阑尾appendicocele阑尾疝appendicostomy阑尾造口术antrectomy[æn'trektəmi]窦切除术antrostomy 窦造口术cholangi(o)- bile duct胆管cholangitis [,kɔlən'dʒaitis]胆管炎cholangiectasis胆管扩张cholangiography[kə,lændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]胆管造影(术) cholangioscopy胆管窥镜检查cholangioenterostomy胆管小肠吻合术choledoch(o)-: common bile duct choledocholithasis胆总管石病choledocholithotripsy胆总管碎石术choledochoscope胆总管(窥)镜choledocholithotomy胆总管石切除术choledochectomy胆总管部分切除术choledochotomy胆总管切开术chol (o)-: bile sac胆囊cholecystitis[,kɔlisis'taitis]胆囊炎cholepoiesis胆汁生成cholecystolithiasis 胆囊结石病cholecystosonography胆囊声像图检查cholestasis[,kɔli'steisis]胆汁郁积cholecystoptosis 胆囊下垂colo-:coloncolocentesis 结肠穿刺术colonoscopy结肠镜检查[术]colorrhaphy结肠缝合术colonalgia结肠痛duoden(o)-: duodenum十二指肠duodenostomy十二指肠造口术duodenorrhaphy十二指肠缝术duodenectomy[,dju:əudi'nektəmi]十二指肠切除术enter(o)-: intestinesenterolysis肠粘连松解术enteroclysis灌肠(法)enterorrhexis[,entərə'reksis]肠破裂enterospasm肠痉挛esophag(o)-: the passage that carries food食管esophagodynia[i,sɔfəɡəu'diniə]食管痛esophagostenosis食管狭窄esophagoscope[i:'sɔfəɡəskəup]食管镜esophagocele[i'sɔfəɡəusi:l]食管突出gastr(o)-: stomachgastroptosis胃下垂gastritis胃炎gastropathy胃病gastrorrhagia [,gæstrə'reidʒiə]胃出血gastroduodenitis[,ɡæstrəu,dju:əudi’naitis]胃十二指肠炎gloss(o)-:tonguemacroglossia[,mækrəu'glɔsiə]巨舌(症)glossodynia舌痛hepat(o)-a combining form denoting relationship to the liver hepatitis肝炎hepatomegaly[,hepətəu'meɡəli]肝大he patorrhexis肝破裂hepatectomy[,hepə'tektəmi]肝切除laparo-: abdominal wall or abdomenlaparocystotomy[,læpərəusis'tɔtəmi]剖腹囊肿切除术laparorrhaphy[læpə'rɔrəfi]腹壁缝术laparoenterostomy[,læpərəu,entə’rɔstəmi]剖腹肠造口术laparoscopy [læpə'rɔskəpi] 腹腔镜检查peritone(o)- peritoneum腹膜polypectomy[,pɔli'pektəmi]息肉切除peritonitis 腹膜炎peritoneocentesis[,peri,təunjəsen'ti:sis]腹膜穿刺peritonealgia 腹膜痛proct(o)- rectum or anus肛门,直肠proctop’tosis 直肠脱垂proctocele直肠突出proctoscopy[,prɔk'tɔskəpi]直肠镜检查proctorrhagia 直肠出血-pepsia: digestion消化-phagia: eating or swallowing噬,食dyspepsia 消化不良dysphagia吞咽困难polyphagia多食hyperpepsia胃酸过多性消化不良Part II Common Digestive System Disorders DiarrheaHeartburnPeptic ulcerHepatitis LiverCholelithiasisPancreatitisAppendicitisPart III Video watching and comprehensionChapter 6 Urinary System Terminology Part I RootsNephr/o, ren/o Kidney Nephritis, renal artery Hydro/o Water Hydronephrosis(abnormal conditioninvolving back up ofurine into the kidney Cyst/o Bladder Cystitis, cystectomy(inflammation of ,removal of bladder) Pyel/o Renal collecting ducts Pyelogram (X-ray ofthe collecting ducts)Ur/o, -uria Urine Polyuria, anuria(frequent urination, nourine formation)Olig/o Scanty, less thannormal Oliguria (reduced urine formation)-pexy To surgically reattach,fix in normal position Nephropexy (surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position)cyst(o)-: sac, cyst, especially the urinary bladder cystoptosis膀胱下垂cystoscopy[sis'tɔskəpi]膀胱镜检查cystolithectomy[,sistəli'θektəmi]膀胱切开取石术cystography[si'stɔɡrəfi]膀胱造影(术)glomerulo (o)-: renal glomeruli小球,肾小球glomerulonephritis[ɡləu,merjuləune'fraitis]肾小球肾炎glomerulosclerosis[ɡləu,merjuləusklə'rəusis]肾小球硬化症nephr(o)-: kidney 肾nephritis 肾炎nephropyosis[nefrəupai'əusis]肾化脓nephrectomy[nə'frektəmi]肾切除术nephrolihiasis肾结石pyel(o)-: renal pelvis肾盂pyelonephrosis肾盂肾病pyeloplasty[‘paiilə,plæsti]肾盂成形术pyelectasis[,paiilek'teisis]肾盂扩张pyelostomy [,paiə'lɔstəmi]肾盂造口术ureter(o)-: ureter尿管, 输尿管ureterostomy [juə,ri:tə'rɔstəmi]输尿管造口术ureteralgia[juə,ri:tərɔldʒiə]输尿管痛ureterocele[ju'ri:tərə,si:l]输尿管疝ureterostenosis[juə,ri:tərəusti'nəusis]输尿管狭窄urethr(o)-: urethra尿道urethrotomy [,juəri'θrɔtəmi]尿道切开术urethratresia尿道狭窄urethralgia[,juəri'θrældʒiə]尿道痛urethrorhaphy尿道缝合术ur(o)-: urine, the urinary tract, or urinationurodynia排尿痛uremia[juə'ri:miə]尿毒症urolith['juərəuliθ]尿结石uroscopy[juə'rɔskəpi]验尿-uria: a combining form denoting a characteristic or constituent of the urine 尿polyuria[,pɔli'juəriə]多尿anuria[ə'njuəriə]无尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria少尿dysuria尿痛glycosuria 糖尿hematuria [,hi:mə'tjuəriə] 血尿Part II Clinical and pathological conditionsInfectionsCystitisUrethritis is inflammation of the urethra, generally associated with sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections.GlomerulonephritisRenal FailureUrinary lithiasi s,Chapter 7 Nervous System TerminologyPart I RootsCephal/o Head头Cephalgia (a headache)Encephal/o Inside the head (brain) Encephalitis (inflammation ofthe brain) 脑炎Anencephalic (born without abrain)Mening/o Membranessurrounding the brainand spinal cord髓膜Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes) 髓膜炎Myel/o Spinal cord脊髓Myelogram (X-ray of the spinalcord) 脊髓(X线)造影照片Neur/o Nerve Neuroma (tumor) 神经瘤Neuritis (inflammation) 神经炎Dys Difficult, painful,abnormal Dyslexia (difficulty reading) 诵读困难-cele Hernia, abnormalprotrusion of structureout of normalanatomical position Meningomyelocele (protrusion of membranes and spinal cord) 脊髓脊膜膨出-pathy Disease, abnormality Encephalopathy (disease ofthe brain)Neuropathy (disease of thenerves)-plasia Development,formation, growth Aplasia (no development) Hyperplasia (over development)-plegia Paralysis Hemiplegia (paralysis of oneside of the body) 偏瘫, 半身麻痹Quadriplegia (paralysis of allfour limbs) 四肢瘫痪cephal(o)-: head头cephalocele脑膨出cephaledema头水肿cephalocentesis头颅穿刺术Cerebell(o)-: cerebellum (little brain) 小脑cerebr(o)-: :cerebrum (brain) 大脑cerebrology脑学.cerebromalacia 脑软化cerebrosclerosis脑硬化cerebrotomy脑切开术;Crani(o)-: cranium or skull颅骨,颅cranioclast 碎颅钳.craniopathy 颅骨病craniostenosis颅狭小craniectomy颅骨切除术encephal(o)-: brain脑encephalorrhagia 脑出血encephalography大脑X射线法encephaloma脑瘤encephalodysplasia脑发育异常mening(o)-: meninges脑膜meningitis 脑膜炎meningocerebritis脑膜脑炎meningeorrhaphy )膜缝合术meningocele ,脑膜膨出myelo-: marrow, the spinal cord or myelin 脊髓, 髓鞘myelodyspasia脊髓发育不良myelocele脊髓膨出poliomyelitits 脊髓灰质炎myelocytoma髓细胞瘤neur(o)-: nerves or the nervous system.neuropathy神经病neuroblast成神经细胞neurorrhaphy神经缝术neurosis神经(官能)症ventricul(o)-: ventricle of the brain室(心室,脑室)的ventriculography脑室造影(术) ventriculoencephalitis[ven,trikju'ləu,ensefə'laitis] 脑室脑炎ventriculomegaly巨脑室,脑室扩大ventriculoscopy脑室镜检查-paresis: slight or partial paralysis轻瘫-plegia: paralysis or stroke麻痹,瘫痪,中风paraplegia[,pærə'pli:dʒiə]半身不遂quadriplegia四肢瘫痪hemiparesis 轻偏瘫; 偏身轻瘫hemiplegia半身麻痹, 半身不随Part II Clinical ConditonsAlzheimer diseaseParkinson DiseaseParkinson's diseaseStrokeEpilepsyMyasthenia GravisChapter 8 Endocrine System Terminology Ｐart I Rootsaden(o)-: gland or glands腺adenitis [,æd'naitis]腺炎,淋巴结炎adenoblast成腺细胞adenolipoma腺脂瘤adenocarcinoma腺癌adren(o)-: adrenal gland肾上腺adrenopathy肾上腺病adrenalectomy肾上腺切除术adrenomegaly肾上腺(增)大cortic(o)-: cortexparathyroid(o)-: parathyroid gland甲状旁腺-physis-: growth.neurohypophysis[,njuərəuhai'pɔfisis] 神经(性)垂体parathyroidoma[,pærə,θairɔi'doumə]甲状旁腺瘤corticectomy 皮质切除术parathyroidectomy甲状旁腺切除术pancreat(o)-: pancreas胰脏pancreatomegaly胰腺切开术pancreatemphraxis胰管梗阻.pancreatectomy[,pænkriə'tektəmi]胰脏切除(术) pancreatolith[,pænkri'ætəliθ]胰石pineal(o)-: pineal gland松果腺thym(o)-: thymus gland胸腺pinealocyte ['piniələsait]松果体细胞pinealoblastoma[pi,ni:ələblæs'təumə]松果体母细胞瘤thymoma胸腺瘤thymectomy[θai'mektəmi] ,胸腺切除术thyr(o)-: a combining form denoting relationship to the thyroid gland thyroadenitis [,θairəu,ædə'naitis]thyrocele甲状腺肿hypothyroidism[,haipəu'θairɔidizəm]甲状腺机能减退hyperthyroidism[,haipə'θairɔidizəm]甲状腺机能亢进Ｐart II Clinical conditionsThyroid glandParathyroidPancreasChapter 9 The reproductive systemPart I RootsRoot Meaning ExampleGenit/oUter/o; hyster/o; metr./o Vulv/o reproductionuterinevulvagenitaluterosacral; hysteroscopy;metrorrhagiavulvitisVagin/o; colp/oPelv/iEstr/o; oestr/oOvi/o; ovul/o;ov/o; oo/ Men/oEmbry/oAndr/oSemin/o; spermat/o Gynec/o; gyn/oOvari/o; oophor/o Scrot/o; osche/oPeni/ ; phall/oBalan/o vaginapelivisestruseggmenstruationembryomalesemenfemaleovaryscrotumpenisglansvaginosispelvimetryestrogenovulation, oocyte, oogenessismenopause amenorrheaembryologyandrogenseminoma;spermatogenesisgynecology; gynecopathyovariohysterectomy;oophorotomyscrotitis; oscheoplastypenitis; pahllalgiabalanitisＰart II Clinical conditionsConditions of the male reporducitve organs CryptorchidismProstatic hyperplasiaProstatic carcinomaTesticular carcinomaConditions of the female reproductive organs VulvovaginitsEndocervicitisLeiomyomaFribroadenoma。