道康宁有机硅基础培训教程

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How can Silicone Molecular be Changed ?
Mwt
• Gum • Viscous Fluid • Non-Volatile Viscous Fluid Fluid • Volatile Fluid • Dimethyl • Cyclo • Linear • Polyether • Amino • Alkyl
Si O
Si
CH3
Si O
CH3
Si O
n CH3
CH3
H3 C
CH3
CH3
Crosslinked Polymer (Gel, Rubber)
R Si O
R Si O O O Si O O Si O Si O O Si
R
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silicon, carbon,
oxygen and hydrogen
- Silicon The pure element Si, 28% of earth’s crust - Silica Sand , naturally occurring SiO2 - Silicate Si & O and other metals - Silicone A polymer - Silicone exist as: linear or branched fluids, cyclics, gums, resins, elastomers - There are 1000’s of different products, for 1000’s of different applications ™
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POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE CH3 CH3 CH3
What Kind of Materials are Silicones?
• • •
• Silicones typically have a back
CH3 - Si - O - (Si - O)n - Si - CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
Methyl Chloride Water Hydrochloric acid
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From sand to Silicones: 2 • Direct Process (Rochow) : Chlorosilanes
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Making Silicones : Overview
Polymerization Compounding Emulsification etc. etc
Cu
Separation
MeCl
Commercial Products
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Polydimethylsiloxane (the simplest silicone)
Repeat Unit
R | -[Si - O]n| R
R = - CH3 (Me) or Organic function n = number of repeat units
Polydimethylsiloxane
A
PE
Alkyl
PE
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Amodimethicone
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Silicone Physico-Chemical properties
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Applications for Silicones
Dow Corning’s products and specialty materials are used by customers in virtually every major industry. Aerospace Automotive Chemicals/ Petrochemicals Construction Consumer Products Electrical/Electronics Food Processing Industrial Maintenance Production Medical Products Paints & Coatings Personal, Household & Automotive Care Pharmaceuticals Plastics Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Textiles & Leather
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O Resin: Solid, Si LiquidR
O Si O
R
Organofunctional Silicones • Can replace some of the methyl groups with
alternative organic groups Me Me Me3SiO(SiO)x(SiO)ySiMe3 Me R
• Reduction of sand into silicon metal :
SiO2 + 2 C => Si + 2 CO
Sand (silica) Carbon Silicon Carbon monoxide
• Methyl chloride production :
CH3OH Methanol + HCl => CH3Cl + H2O
(CH3)2 Si Cl2 Silicon Methyl chloride + CH3 Si Cl3 + (CH3)3 Si Cl + CH3 H Si Cl2 + other silanes ... Si + CH3Cl => % >50 10 - 30 <10 <5
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From sand to Silicones: 3
• Hydrolysis of Chlorosilanes :
Me2 Si Cl2 + H2O => HO(Me2 Si O)nH (linears) , n = 20-50 + (Me2SiO)m (cyclics), m = 3,4,5 + HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) Hydrochloric Acid is recovered and used to make Methyl Chloride for the Direct Process
B
c an r
n hi
Sub
n
g in k
g
A
PE
PE
A Alkyl Alkyl
Trimethylsilyl Amodimethicone Branching
A A A
Dimethicone Copolyol Alkyl Methyl Siloxanes
Emulsifiers
Silsesquioxane & Silicates
•X-L
Molecular Structure
• Resinous
Organo Functionality
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Different Molecular Structures / Physical Forms
Methyl groups are replaced with alternative organic groups Me Me Me3-Si-O(Si-O)x(Si-O)ySi-Me3 R R These organosilicones provide additional properties in applications compared to PDMS.
n = 64 n = 320 n = 730 n = 1300 1000 cps 1,000 cps 10,000 cps 50,000 cps
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Chain has spiral shape
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ORGANOFUNCTIONAL SILICONES
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From sand to Silicones: 4
• Polymerisation of cyclics
Cyclics + Me3Si-O-SiMe3 => Me3Si-O-[Me2Si-O]x-SiMe3 endblocker B polydimethysiloxanes
Silicone Chemistry
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CONTENT
CHEMISTRY OF SILICONES. SILICONE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES NOMENCLATURE