burning-1
2020届人教版全国高考英语阅读专项-词汇和记忆-重点词汇第一轮梳理-C开头的单词讲解和测试(有答案
C开头的单词讲解与测试词汇测试与运用一、Test 5Section A. Match Column A with Column B and write down the right order below.Column A Column BSection B. Put the following words into Chinese.1. boycott 11. bulb2. brains 12. bull3. brake 13. bullet4. brand 14. cabbage5. breast 15. cabin6. breeze 16. cafeteria7. bribe 17. calendar8. brilliant 18. campaign9. bubble 19. candidate10. budget 20. canteenSection C.Choose the right word from the table to fill in the blank of each sentence with correct forms.1. Our company is promising because we have a group of leading___________ in the country.2. They went to the ___________gardens to study the life of the plants.3. The soldier was awarded a gold medal for his ________________in the battle.4. Our attention focused on the soldier with medals pinned to the___________.5. The police accused him of__________.6. You should __________your experience by studying abroad.7. The concert was _________live on TV.8. If we__________carefully, we will be able to afford a new car.9. The ___________service in this country is very expensive.10. Yesterday an angry crowd ___________through the lines of police and into the street.11. After careful ___________the manager decided to offer him the job.12. It is important to keep___________ in an emergency.13. Her ___________of her trip upset our plan.14. Cindy was too nervous and she put her hands on her ___________face.15. He was being very __________ with the cup of coffee so as not to spill it.Section D. Put the following sentences into English.(要求运用状语从句的相关句型) 1.一听到伤心的消息,他就放声大哭起来。
生气的短语英文-解释说明
生气的短语英文1.Fuming with anger2.Boiling with rage3.Burning with fury4.Seething with frustration5.Raging with annoyance6.Enraged to the core7.Extreme dissatisfaction8.Furious beyond words9.Infuriated to no end10.In a fit of rage11.Beside oneself with anger12.Pissed off to the max13.Livid with indignation14.Outraged and seething15.Ready to explode16.Uncontainable anger17.Incensed beyond belief18.Out of control with rage19.Consumed by fury20.In a state of pure wrath21.It's not fair!22.I can't believe this!23.This is so frustrating!24.I'm sick and tired of this!25.I've had enough!26.You've crossed the line!27.Get out of my face!28.I've lost my patience!29.I can't take it anymore!30.I'm furious!31.I'm boiling mad!32.I'm seething with anger!33.I'm about to explode!34.You make me so angry!35.I'm really pissed off!36.This is driving me crazy!37.I'm at the end of my tether!38.Enough is enough!39.I'm seeing red right now!40.I'm absolutely livid!41.I'm so angry I could scream42.Don't push my buttons, I'm on edge43.I've had it up to here!44.It's making my blood boil45.I can feel my temperature rising46.My patience has reached its limit47.I'm fuming with rage48.I've never been so infuriated49.This has pushed me over the edge50.I'm seeing red51.I'm seething with anger52.I'm burning with frustration53.I've reached my boiling point54.I'm fit to be tied55.I'm about to explode56.I can't contain my anger anymore57.I'm steaming mad58.I'm absolutely livid59.I'm at the end of my tether60.I'm filled with righteous indignation61.Burning with rage62.Raving mad63.Positively furious64.Seeing red65.Seething with anger66.Incensed beyond words67.Enraged to the core68.Fuming with rage69.Flaming with anger70.In a white-hot rage71.Furious beyond belief72.Blazing with anger73.Outraged to the point of explosion74.Consumed by fury75.Raging like a wild beast76.Enraged to the point of madness77.Infuriated beyond reason78.Fuming like a volcano79.Beside oneself with anger80.Bristling with rage81.What's your problem?82.I can't believe you just said that!83.I'm done with this!84.You've crossed the line!85.I've had enough of your attitude!86.You're really pushing my buttons!87.Don't even think about it!88.I'm not in the mood for your nonsense!89.You've really made me mad!90.I'm sick and tired of this!91.You're making me lose my patience!92.I can't tolerate this anymore!93.You're just making things worse!94.I can't stand your arrogance!95.I've had it up to here with you!96.I'm furious with you!97.You're really testing my patience!98.This is absolutely unacceptable!99.You're driving me crazy!100.I'm about to explode!101.I'm fed up!102.I've had enough!103.I can't stand it anymore!104.I'm at the end of my tether!105.I'm so infuriated!106.I'm boiling with rage!107.I'm furious beyond words!108.I'm seething with anger!109.I'm seeing red!110.I'm burning up!111.I'm absolutely livid!112.I'm about to explode!113.I'm fuming!114.I'm steaming mad!115.I'm in a rage!116.I'm hopping mad!117.I'm raging!118.I'm outraged!119.I'm beside myself with anger!120.I'm incensed!121.go to hell122.I'm so mad I could scream123.I can't believe you did that124.I'm on the verge of losing it125.You really know how to push my buttons 126.I can't even look at you right now127.I never want to see you again128.I've had enough of your nonsense129.You make my blood boil130.I can't handle your incompetence anymore 131.I'm sick and tired of your excuses132.I can't stand your attitude133.You're driving me insane134.I'm furious with you135.You're impossible to deal with136.You're really testing my patience137.I can't tolerate your behavior138.You're making me go crazy139.I'm at my breaking point with you 140.I can't contain my anger anymore141.I've had it up to here with your nonsense! 142.I can't believe you would stoop so low. 143.You've crossed the line this time.144.Enough is enough!145.I'm not going to tolerate this anymore. 146.You're pushing all the wrong buttons. 147.This is getting on my last nerve.148.You've really ticked me off now.149.I'm seething with anger right now. 150.I'm furious beyond words.151.You've ignited a fire inside me.152.I'm boiling with rage.153.You've awaken the monster within me.154.I'm on the verge of exploding.155.You've managed to unleash my wrath. 156.I am livid with righteous anger.157.I've reached my breaking point.158.I'm absolutely fuming!159.You've done it now - prepare for my wrath. 160.I'm about to lose my temper completely.。
新人教版选修1选修一U1-U5的作文练习汇总
选修一作文Unit1 People of AchievementPart3 Writing写作题目假定你是李华,你校开展了一次主题为“用英语讲好中国故事”的英语写作比赛活动,你对出生于普通农民家庭的诺贝尔文学奖获奖者莫言非常钦佩,请根据下1.词数80 左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:《红高粱》Red Sorghum;《蛙》Frogs;茅盾文学奖Mao Dun Literature Awards思路点拨体裁: 记叙文时态: 一般现在时为辅以一般过去时为主,主题: 介绍莫言的人生经历,抒发自己的切身感受人称:第一人称为辅以第三人称为主布局:第一段:简要介绍莫言的人生经历第二段:简要介绍莫言的伟大成就第三段:表达个人感想遣词造句I.用本单元所学单词或短语填空1.v________忠于;全心全意投入;承诺;保证2.________出于对……的爱好3. _______adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的答案mit2.out of a passion for 3extraordinaryⅡ.本单元语块、语法运用1.完成句子(1)虽然他是一个年轻的农民,但出于对文学的强烈爱好,他全心全意投入到各种中国经典名著中,并逐渐练习写小说。
While he was working as a young peasant,___________________________literature, he_____________ a variety of Chinese classics and gradually practiced writing stories.(2)使莫言如此非凡的不仅是他的著作,还有他对自己所钟爱的事情的投人。
What makes Mo Yan________________is not only his famous works but also his_______________to what he loves答案((1)out of a strong passion for: committed himself to(2)soextraordinary;commitment2.句式升级(3)用whose定语从句将下面两句话合并。
消防基本术语 GB 5907-86
消防基本术语 GB 5907-86第一部分Fundamental terminojogy oF fire protectionPant 1前言本标准规定了消防领域中所使用的基本术语和定义,适用于消防标准化、消防管理、消防工程、消防产品的生产、检验和认证、教学、出版及其他有关的工作领域。
本标准收词范围限于消防基本术语。
凡各专业具体产品, 部件的术语及其专用技术术语等,属各专业分类术语标准范围。
1 一般性消防术语General terms of fire1.1放火Arson蓄意造成火灾的行为。
1.2燃烧Combustion可燃物与氧化剂作用发生的放热反应,通常伴有火焰、发光和(或)发烟的现象。
1.3 燃烧(动词)Burn (Verb)进行燃烧。
1. 4燃烧性能Burning behaviour当材料、产品和(或)构件燃烧或遇火时,所发生的一切物理和(或)化学变化。
1. 5燃烧热Heat of combustion单位质量的物质完全燃烧所释放出的热量。
1. 6燃烧产物products of combustion由燃烧或热解作用而产生的全部的物质。
1. 7潜热能Calorific potential当物质完全燃烧时所能释放出的燃烧热。
1. 8爆裂Bursting在物体的内部或外部,由于超压力和(或)应力变化使物体急剧破裂的现象。
1. 9爆炸Explosion由于物质急剧氧化或分解反应产生温度、压力增加或两者同时增加的现象。
1. 10爆燃Deflagration以亚音速传播的爆炸。
1. 11爆轰Detonation以冲击波为特征,以超音速传播的爆炸。
1. 12爆炸极限Explosion limit可燃的气体、蒸气或粉尘与空气混合后,遇火会产生爆炸的最高或最低的浓度。
1. 13火Fire以释放热量并伴有烟或火焰或两者兼有为特征的燃烧现象。
1. 14火灾Fire在时间或空间上失去控制的燃烧所造成的灾害。
1. 15火灾分类Fire Classification根据燃料的性质,按标准化的方法,进行的火灾分类。
hot的同义词
hot的同义词hot表热的; 辣的; 激动的意思,那么你知道hot的同义词有哪些吗?接下来为大家整理了hot的同义词,希望对你有帮助哦!hot的同义词辨析:hot, warm, burning这些形容词都有"热的"之意。
hot :最普通用词,指温度很高,往往有灼热、滚烫含义。
warm :通常指温度不太高,介于hot与cold之间,不太热也不太凉,给人以舒适感。
burning :暗示热源是火,多用于夸张,指像火烧一样热。
词组习语:go hot and cold1. 突如其来的恐惧(或焦虑、震惊)have the hots for1. (非正式)对…有性欲hot and botheredhot and heavy1. (北美,非正式)强烈的,剧烈的,激烈的竞争变得很激烈。
the competition became very hot and heavy.hot on the heels of1. 紧随这项开拓性的工作刚开始,相关的批评就紧随而至。
critique followed hot on the heels of this pioneering work.hot to trot1. (非正式)急切地准备做某事hot under the collar1. (非正式)生气的;愤怒的;尴尬的in hot pursuit1. 热切紧密地追求in hot water1. (非正式)处在困难(或麻烦、耻辱)的情境他由于向影迷们打了一个所谓的V型手势而陷在麻烦之中。
he &B{landed in hot water} for an alleged V-sign to the fans.make it (或things) hot for someone1. (非正式)迫害某人hot up (或hot something up)1. 变热,使热他把黛西手中的长颈瓶弄热。
河南省商丘市第一高级中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题(解析版)
A. Seeing movies.
B. Playing computer games.
C. Making videos.
16. What course does Sarah take?
A. Editing videos digitally. B. Buiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱding websites. C. Creating pictures.
A. It was worthwhile. B. It was full of danger. C. It cost them much money.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Choosing a job. B. Choosing a university. C. Choosing a major.
Cadbury World, Birmingham, England
In the United Kingdom, chocolate means one thing: Cadbury. Cadbury World opened in 1990 in the Bournville village, where Cadbury factory starting in 1893 once located. It was considered a model village for workers at the time. One of the exhibits on this self-guided tour focuses on this area and how it impacted the company. Admission is $23 for adults.
人教版高中英语必修一导学案Unit-4-Earthquake无答案
Unit 4 Earthquake连词成篇A Horrible EarthquakeDirty water rose in well s and canal s before the earthquake. But no one judge d that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Millions of brick houses and a number of dam s were destroy ed. Railway track s became useless bar s. Pipe s in mine s burst and let out smelly steam. Huge crack s trap ped cyclist s everywhere.The next day, this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporter s giving an outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shocked at the damage and the victim s’extreme suffering. People were moved when they read that the survivors comfort ed each other by saying “Congratulations! You survived!”. So they not only express ed their sympathy sincerely, but also organized together to help the victim s right away. The injure d were rescue d and the dead were buried. The frighten ed survivor s were dug out from under the ruin s and were offer ed shelter, fresh wate r and electricity. Thanks to people’s help, the loss was minimize d.词汇详解:1.horrible[ ]adj.___________________2.earthquake[ ]n.________________3.dirty[ ]adj.__________ dirt n.________________4.well [ ]n.___________adv.__________5.canal [ ]n._______________6.judge[ ]vt. & vi._______________________n._______________________judge sb.by/from sth.__________________________judging from/by___________________________e.g.A man should be judged by his deed, not his words.Judging from his accent, I know he comes from England.7.shake[ ]vi._____________(shook, shook)8.as if/though __________________e.g.It looks as if it’s going to rain.He talks as if he has been to Rome.He talks as if he were a doctor.9.at an end___________________________It looks as if the world was at an end.come to an end____________________ in the end___________________________bring/put sth. to an end______________________ at the end of_________________________bring/put an end to sth.______________________ by the end of__________________________lions of____________________ 一百万人__________________________hundreds of____________________ 300勇士__________________________thousands of___________________ 6000学生__________________________dozens of____________________ 几十个鸡蛋_________________________scores of_____________________ 数十个士兵_________________________11.brick[ ]n._______________12.a number of _____________________ the number of_______________________许多人把生命浪费在无意义的事上。
《暗黑破坏神1》魔法属性介绍
《暗黑破坏神1》魔法属性:字首形容词字尾形容词Amber +16% - 19% 三防Absorption -3 生命力对敌人每次攻击Angels 所有法术提升1 级Accuracy +13 敏捷Arch-Angels 所有法术提升2 级the Ages 永不磨损Azure +24% - +25% 防电Atrophy -1 to -5 敏捷Bent -45% - -60% 伤害力Balance 快速恢复打击Blessed +91% +105% 伤害力Bashing 敌人每次攻击转化8- 24 防御力Armor Blue +10% - +18% 防电the Bat 3% 伤害力转化为你的mana Bountiful 法术次数减少the Bear 震退敌人Brass -1 - - 4 攻击命中率Blood 5% 伤害力转化为你的生命Bronze +1 - +5 攻击命中率Brilliance +11 to +15 魔法(本文出自91单机游戏网转载请保留出处)Brutal +81% - +90% 伤害力Brittleness -26% to -75% 耐久度Burgundy +31% to +40% 防火Burning 加入弓箭1- 16 火伤害Champions +126% to 150% 伤害力,+51 to +75 攻击命中率Carnage +14 to +16 伤害力Clumsy -45% to -65% 伤害力,-1 to -5 攻击命中率Corruption 损失所有ManaCobalt +41% to +50% 防电Craftmanship +52% to +100% 耐久度Crimson +21% to +40% 防火the Crusaders 50% 伤害累计入下次攻击Crystal +41% to +50% 防魔法the Dark -4 光明度Deadly +38% to +45% damage Deflection -4 伤害力Diamond +51% to 60% 防魔法Dexterity +1 to +6 敏捷Dragons +51 to +60 mana the Eagle +21 to +30 生命力Drakes +41 to +50 mana Fire 加入弓箭1- 6 火伤害Dull -20% to -40% 伤害力,-4 to -5 攻击命中率Flame 加入弓箭1- 3 火伤害Emerald +41% to +50% 三防the Fool -7 魔法Fine +20% to +30% 防御力the Fox +10 to +15 生命力Frogs -1 to -10 mana Fragility 耐久度= 1Garnet +41% to +50% 防火the Giants +16 to +18 强壮Glorious +71% to +90% 防御力Gore +10 to +12 伤害力Godly +171% to +200% 防御力Harmony 最快速恢复打击Gold +25 to +27 攻击命中率Haste 最快速攻击Heavy +51% to +65% 伤害力Health 每次-1 敌人攻击伤害Holy +151% to +170% 防御力the Heavens +12 to +15 所有属性Hyenas -11 to -25 mana the Jackal -1 to -10 生命力Hydras +81 to +100 mana the Jaguar +18 to +20 生命力Iron +6 to +8 攻击命中率the Leech 每次命中偷取3% 生命Ivory +31% to +40% 防魔Life 每次-4 敌人攻击伤害Jade +21% to +30% 三防Light +2 光明度Jagged +20% to +35% 伤害力Lightning 加入弓箭1- 10 电伤害Kings +151% to +175% 攻击力,+76 to +100 攻击命中率the Lion +55 生命力Knights +100% to +105% 伤害力,+31 to +40 攻击命中率of Maiming +3 to +5 伤害力Lapis +31% to +40% 防电the Mammoth +61 to +80 生命力Lords +81% to +95% 伤害力,+21 to +30 攻击命中率Many 高耐久度(弓类) Massive +96% to +110% 伤害力Might +6 to +10 强壮Masters +105% to +115% 伤害力,+41 to +50 攻击命中率the Mind +6 to +10 魔法Grand +41% to +55% 防御力the Moon +4 to +7 所有属性Mithril +41% to +60 攻击命中率the Night -2 光明度Merciless +151% to +175% 伤害力the Pit -1 to -5 所有属性Meteoric +61 to +80 攻击命中率Quality +1 to +2 伤害力Obsidian +35% 三防Radiance +4 光明度Pearl +21% to +30% 防魔Tears 每次+1 敌人攻击伤害Platinum +31 to +40 攻击命中率the Thief 陷阱伤害减半Plentiful 法术次数加倍Thunder 加入弓箭1- 20 电伤害Red +15% resist fire the Tiger +45 to +50 生命力Ruby +51% to +60% 防火the Titan +21 to +30 强壮Rusted -25% to -50% 防御力Trouble -6 to -10 所有属性Ruthless +126% to +150% 伤害力Osmosis 每次-5 敌人攻击伤害Saintly +111% to +130% 防御力Pain 每次+4 敌人攻击伤害Sapphire +51% to +60% 防电Paralysis -6 to -10 敏捷Savage +111% 伤害力Perfection +21 to +30 敏捷Serpents +30 to +35 mana Piercing 敌人每次攻击转化2 - 6 防御力Sharp +20% to +35% 伤害力,+1 to +5 攻击命中率Plenty 高耐久度(弓类)Silver +16 to +20 攻击命中率Power +11 to +15 强壮Snakes +21 to +30 mana Precision +16 to +20 敏捷Soldiers +66% to +80% 伤害力,+16 to +20 攻击命中率Protection 每次-2 敌人攻击伤害Spiders +10 to +15 mana Puncturing 敌人每次攻击转化4 - 12 防御力Steel +11 to +15 攻击命中率Readiness 快速攻击Strong +31% to +35% 防御力Shock 加入电箭攻击,并带有1-6 伤害Strange +101 to +150 攻击命中率Skill +6 to +10 敏捷Sturdy +20% to +30% 防御力the Sky +1 to +3 所有属性Tin -6 to -10 攻击命中率Slaughter +17 to +20 伤害力Topaz +10% to +15% 三防Slaying +17 to +20 伤害力Useless -80% 伤害力Sorcery +16 to +20 魔法Valiant +56% - +70% 防御力Speed 更快速攻击Vulnerable -51% - -100% 防御力Stability 更快速恢复打击Warriors +51% - +65% 伤害力,+11 - +15 命中率the Stars +8 to +11 所有属性Weak -30% 伤害力Sturdiness +26% to +50% 耐久度Weird +81 - +100 伤害力Strength +1 - +5 强壮White +10% - +20% 防魔法Spikes 每人被敌人攻击,敌人受到1 - 10 反伤害Wyrms +61 - +80 mana Swiftness 快速攻击。
Barn-Burning(1)PPT课件
of consciousness, Movement
.
2
William Faulkner
• William Cuthbert Faulkner (September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American novelist and poet whose works feature his native state of Mississippi. He was regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century and was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature.
• Along with Mark Twain and possibly Tennessee Williams, Faulkner is considered to be one of the most important "Southern writers". He was relatively unknown before receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949, but his work is now favored by the general public and critics. Nhomakorabea.
9
• A Fable (1954)
• The Reivers (1962)
• Flags in the Dust (1973)
UL_94-2013
V0-V2级
测试步骤附注
注1:如果难以直观区分余焰和余辉,用镊子夹住一块
吸脂棉,与试样难以区分的地方接触。点燃棉花就表示是
余焰。 注2:如果在对试样施加火焰的时候火焰熄灭了,那么 忽略该试样,并且用另一个试样代替它试验。 不过如果是试样释放的气体导致了火焰的熄灭,在这 种情况下,燃烧器应立即重新点燃,并重新接触试样,接 触的总时间保持在10±0.5秒。
UL 94 简介
深圳信测标准技术服务股份有限公司 苏州市信测标准技术服务有限公司
Contents
1. Abstract 2. HB级 3. V0-V2级 4. 5VA/5VB 5. RP Class 6. VTM0-VTM2 7. HF1-HF2
UL 94简介
水平燃烧测试 Horizontal Burning Test 垂直燃烧测试 Vertical Burning Test 5V级防火测试 500w (125 mm) Vertical Burning Test 辐射板火焰蔓延测试 Radiant Panel Flame Spread Test 薄质材料的垂直燃烧测试 Thin Material Vertical Burning Test 发泡材料水平燃烧测试 Horizontal Burning Foamed Material Test
目录
水平燃烧测试 Horizontal Burning Test 垂直燃烧测试 Vertical Burning Test 5V级防火测试 500w (125 mm) Vertical Burning Test 辐射板火焰蔓延测试 Radiant Panel Flame Spread Test 薄质材料的垂直燃烧测试 Thin Material Vertical Burning Test 发泡材料水平燃烧测试 Horizontal Burning Foamed Material Test
ul94v-0阻燃测试标准
UL94-v0具体标准是线路板已达到防火阻燃标准。
ul94设备和器具部件塑料材料燃烧测试,有标准名称,适用范围、等级划分、相关标准等。
UL94 塑料材料燃烧测试-等级划分:1) HB级: 水平燃烧测试Horizontal Burning Test2) V0-V2级: 垂直燃烧测试Vertical Burning Test3) 5VA/5VB: 5V级防火试500w (125 mm) Vertical Burning Test4) RP Class: 辐射板火焰蔓延测试Radiant Panel Flame Spread Test5) VTM0-VTM2: 薄质材料的垂直燃烧测试Thin Material Vertical Burning Test6) HF1-HF2: 发泡材料水平燃烧测试Horizontal Burning Foamed Material Testul94v-0阻燃标准塑料阻燃等级由HB,V-2,V-1向V-0逐级递增:UL 94 (塑料材料的燃烧性试验)HB:UL94标准中最低的阻燃等级。
要求对于3到13毫米厚的样品,燃烧速度小于40毫米每分钟小于3毫米厚的样品,燃烧速度小于70毫米每分钟或者在100毫米的标志前熄灭。
V-2:对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后,火焰在30秒内熄灭。
可以引燃30cm下方的药棉。
V-1:对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后,火焰在30秒内熄灭。
不能引燃30cm下方的药棉。
V-0:对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后,火焰在10秒内熄灭ul94v-0阻燃标准UL94-v0是美国阻燃等级标准中的第三级。
美国阻燃防火等级分为四级,从低向高排列,其顺序为:v2、v1、v0、5v。
2-Unit1-WE'VE-BEEN-HIT答案综合教程二
Unit 1 W E’VE BEEN HIT!Key to the ExercisesText ComprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing.CII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1-5 F F F T FIV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. On that morning thousands of people in the WTC were thrown, all of a sudden, into acondition of terrible suffering and uncertainty. Mayblum was one of them.2. It seemed that the tremendous sound of the collapse of the South Tower destroyed theman’s hope of climbing down the remaining stairs, and thus took away his remaining energy.Structural analysis of the text1. The third part is mainly about how the three men (Mayblum, Ramos and Hong) endeavored to save Victor, a heavyset man.2. The last part describes the gathering of the survivors. It seems to reflect and suggest the answer to the ultimate dilemma: “Save yourself, or save another.”VocabularyI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. burning2. something, a situation or circumstance, that is dependent on one’s location in the building3. in an intermittent manner4. help you5. things are satisfactory up to this point.II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. scoffed2. dilemma3. collapsed4. pandemonium5. reassuring6. rumble7. glancing at8. meet up withIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1.panicky2. descends/ descended3. enjoyable4. expectation5. morality6. persuasion7. strong8. energeticIV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence.1-4 ADCB 5-8 DCADV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. amoral, nonmoral2. disappear3. wildly4. uncover, disclose, reveal5. dissuade6. happily, joyfully, joyously7. ordinary, common8. small, thin, slenderVI. Write in each space the adjective form of each given word.1. helpful/ helpless2. childish, childlike, childless3. active4. persistent5. revolutionary6. successful7. womanly8. ladylikeGrammarI. Complete the following sentences with would when appropriate. Use used to wheneverwould is not suitable.1. would2. would3. used to, would4. used to5. used to6. used to7. would8. would9. used to 10. would, would, wouldII. Fill in the blanks with used to (do) or be used to (doing).1. used to travel2. was not used to accepting3. was not used to receiving4. used tothink5. used to living6. used to say7. didn’t used to eat8. am not used todrivingIII. Explain the meaning of would in the following sentences.1. insistence2. habitual action3. probability4. willingness5. probability6. polite request7. improbability8. capabilityIV. Complete the following sentences using would, should, could or might.1. could, would, might, might, should , might2. could/would, should, could, might, could, would3. should, should, would, would, couldV. Complete the following sentences with needn’t have done or didn’t need to do.1. needn’t have carried2. needn’t have bought3. didn’t need to tell4. nee dn’t have had5. needn’t have stood6. didn’t need to hurry7. did n’t need to open8. didn’t need to take9. needn’t have washed 10. didn’t need to workTranslationI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 对有些人来说,生死攸关的是此时此刻他们所在的位置——不仅是哪幢楼,哪一层,更重要的是大楼的哪个角落。
航海英语三副1--100题单词翻译
agentn.代理人, 代理商; 经纪人作用者, 原动力, 动因; 作用剂'eidʒənt'electricadj.电动的, 电的使人震惊的i'lektrikchemicaladj.化学的n.化学药品'kemikəlsodan.苏打, 碱苏打水, 汽水'səudəacidadj.酸味的, 酸的尖刻的n.〈化〉酸酸味物质'æsidcarbonn.〈化〉碳'kɑ:bəndioxiden.〈化〉二氧化物dai'ɔksaidprovide withn.给…提供;以…装备necessaryadj.必要的; 必需的必然的; 不可避免的n.必需品'nesisərifurnituren.家具'fə:nitʃəhandlingadj.操作的n.处理'hændliŋchronometern.精密计时器; 航行表krə'nɔmitəcabinn.〈美〉小木屋(飞机上的)驾驶舱, 船舱'kæbinchiefadj.级别最高的; 总的主要的, 最重要的n.族长, 酋长首领, 首长tʃi:flockern.寄物柜'lɔkəmainadj.主要的; 最重要的n.总管道; 干线meinstructuren.结构, 构造有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物vt.组织; 安排; 构造; 制定'strʌktʃərunningadj.流动的n.跑步'rʌniŋbackbonen.脊骨, 脊柱骨干, 支柱, 主力, 中坚骨气; 毅力'bækbəunfamen.名声, 名望feimstringern.上弦匠,长条支承木材'striŋəkeeln.(船的)龙骨vt. vi.翻身; 倾覆ki:lvesseln.船, 舰容器血管, 脉管, 导管'vesəlamidprep.(表示位置)在…中间, 处于…之中, 为…所环绕(表示环境)处于…环境中, 处于…状态中; 由于存在…情况, 由于处于…状态中(表示让步)尽管有…的情况, 尽管存在…的状态ə'midupperadj.较高的, 上部的vt.用大写字母排印/upper crust面包表层的皮贵族阶层, 上流阶层; 最上层/upper works〈海〉水线以上的船体'ʌpəcorrespondingadj.相当的, 对应的符合的, 一致的'kɔris'pɔndiŋbuoyancyn.(物体在液体里的)浮性浮力(从失望、噩耗等中)恢复正常的能力, 恢复乐观(价格、营业状况等的)维持力, 恢复力, 上涨行情, 增长趋势'bɔiənsi freeboardn.干舷'fri:bɔ:ddraftn.草稿, 草案, 草图汇票应召入伍者; 特遣队vt.起草, 画草图, 草拟选派, 抽调征募, 征召…入伍drɑ:ft30 displacementn.移置, 代替dis'pleismənttargetn.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物'tɑ:ɡittrackn.踪迹, 痕迹, 足迹小路路径, 路线轨道跑道vt.跟踪, 追踪trækcapacityn.容量, 容积才能, 能力身份, 职位kə'pæsitireachn.伸手可及的距离(江河的)河段vt.到达联络vt. vi.伸出手臂; 延伸ri:tʃacquisitionn.获得, 得到获得者, 获得物'ækwi'ziʃənamplifyvt.放大, 扩大增强vt. vi.详述'æmplifaidetailn.细目, 细节; 小事各种细节, 详情'di:teildirectionn.方向, 趋向, 趋势, 动向方面, 范围指南, 指示, 说明管理, 指导姓名和地址di'rekʃənpublishvt. vi.出版公布'pʌbliʃadmiraln.海军将领, 舰队司令'ædmərəlchartn.图表航海图唱片的每周流行榜vt.绘制地图, 在图上标出跟踪; 记述tʃɑ:thandbookn.手册, 便览'hændbukdunnagen.手提物品,日常用品'dʌnidʒwoodenadj.木制的, 木头的僵硬的, 呆笨的'wudnplankn.(厚)木板政纲条目, 政策要点plæŋkrushn.冲, 奔繁忙的活动大量急需vt.催促vt. vi.(使)急速行进; 仓促完成rʌʃmatn.席子, 垫子mætsteel barn.棒材,条钢,型钢,钢筋steeln.钢, 钢铁vt.使坚强, 使坚定sti:lroughadj.粗糙的; 不平的粗鲁的; 粗暴的; 粗野的; 剧烈的粗制的; 粗略的; 概略的(味道、声音等)令人不快的; 难吃的; 刺耳的不舒服vt.过艰苦生活rʌfbayn.湾分隔间低沉的吠声月桂树vi.(尤指猎犬等)低沉地吠叫beisteepadj.陡的, 急剧升降的〈非正〉(要求或价格)过分; 过高vt. vi.浸, 泡sti:pgradientn.道路的斜度, 坡度变化程度'ɡreidjəntpositionn.方位, 位置地位, 身份职位, 职务姿势, 姿态状态, 状况, 境况, 形势态度, 立场阵地vt.将(某物)放在(某一)位置上pə'ziʃənconsidervt.把…看作, 认为关心, 体谅, 顾及vt. vi.考虑kən'sidərecordn.记录, 记载最好的成绩, 水平; 纪录经历, 履历; 功过vt.显示; 自动记下vt. vi.记录; 录音, 拍摄ri'kɔ:dvoyagen.航行, 航海; 航天'vɔiidʒprotestn.抗议; 反对vt. vi.声明; 抗议'prəutest60 accident reportn.事故报告biodegradableadj.生物所能分解的'baiəudi'ɡreidəbldissolutionn.(社团等)解散; (婚约等的)解除分散; 溶解衰败; 死亡, 消亡〈律〉离婚'disə'lu:ʃəncrewn.全体船员, 全体机务人员一队(或一班、一组)工作人员kru:skimmern.撇乳器'skiməoxiden.氧化物'ɔksaidspillvt.使跌落泄露机密vt. vi.溢出; 泼出spilemulsificationn.乳化,乳化作用i'mʌlsifi'keiʃənsedimentationn.沉淀,沉降'sedimen'teiʃənburningadj.烧着的急切的, 迫切的引起争论和焦虑的n.燃烧'bə:niŋorganizevt. vi.组织'ɔ:ɡənaizprocessn.过程, 进程工序, 制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工; 处理'prəusesweatheringn.侵蚀,风化'weðəriŋevaporationn.蒸发(作用)i'væpə'reiʃəndispersionn.散布,驱散,传播,散射;离差,差量dis'pə:ʃəndriftingadj.漂流的,飘动的'driftiŋamendmentn.修改, 改动; 修正案ə'mendməntsupplementn.补遗, 补编vt.增补l'sʌplimentguiden.指导者向导, 导游有指导意义的事物vt.引路; 指导操纵, 驾驶影响, 支配ɡaidentryn.进入入场权入口处登记, 条目, 词条参赛的人[物]参加比赛的名单或总(人)数'entrivisibleadj.看得见的, 可见的, 有形的明显的, 可察觉到的'vizəbldistressn.悲痛, 痛苦, 忧伤, 苦恼贫困, 窘迫危险, 困难, 危难vt.使痛苦, 使忧伤dis'treslifeboatn.救生艇'laifbəutflashvt.闪耀, 闪现vt. vi.发出闪光flæʃtransmissionn.传送, 传播, 传达播送传动装置, 变速器trænz'miʃənapplyvt.应用; 使用; 敷, 涂使刻苦努力; 致力于vt. vi.申请, 请求; 适用ə'plaidistancen.距离, 间距远处, 远方(时间或空间的)相距疏远, 冷淡'distənsindicatevt.标示, 指示, 指出象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性'indikeitdead weightn.静负载;固定负载postponevt.延期; 推迟'pəust'pəununitn.(工作)单位(计量或计数用的)单位(课本中的)单元(特定功能的)装置'ju:nittotaladj.总计的; 全部的完全的; 全然的n.总计, 总数vt. vi.计算'təutəlenclosevt.把…围起来把…装入信封, 附入in'kləuzsufficientadj.足够的; 充足的sə'fiʃəntboundaryn.分界线界线, 范围'baundərifreightn.货运; 货物vt.运输, 装货于freitvehiclen.交通工具, 车辆传播媒介, 手段'vi:ɪklcurven.曲线, 弧线曲线状物, 弯曲物vt. vi.(使)弯成弧形kə:vsurfacen.面, 表面水面, 液体的表面外表, 外观'sə:fisanglen.角, 角度观点vi.垂钓, 钓鱼vt.把…放置成一角度使(新闻、报道等)带有倾向性'æŋɡlfarewelln.告别, 欢送'fɛə'weldevelopvt.(照相)冲洗, 显影vt. vi.开发, 发展(使)成长, (使)发育, (使)发达di'veləpobjectn.物体对象; 客体目标; 意向; 目的可笑的人[事物]宾语vi.不赞成, 反对; 抗议vt.以…为理由反对'ɔbdʒikt backgroundn.(画等的)背景, 底色背景情况个人背景资料'bækɡraundconspicuousadj.显眼的, 明显的kən'spikjuəspermanentadj.永久(性)的, 固定的'pə:mənəntpreliminaryadj.初步的, 预备的, 开端的n.准备工作, 初步行动pri'liminəriconditionn.状况, 状态; 地位健康状况, 可使用的状况条件, 先决条件环境, 情况疾病vt.制约, 限制使习惯于, 使适应kən'diʃənsubjectadj.常有[常患, 常遭受]…的; 倾向于…的须服从…的; 受…支配的受约束[管辖]的, 不独立的取决于…的, 有待于…的n.主题; 题目; 问题话题, 考虑的问题学科, 科目; 课程主语, 主词vt.使服从, 征服, 制伏'sʌbdʒikttensionn.紧张紧张的状态张力, 拉力'tenʃənforwardadj.向前方的, 向前进的; 位于前面的早熟的, (儿童)发育早的adv.向前[向末]端前进向着将来vt.发送; 转寄促进'fɔ:wədrequiredadj.必需的ri'kwaiədrefrigerantadj.制冷的n.制冷剂ri'fridʒərəntsuitableadj.适当的, 适宜的, 恰当的'sju:təblprotectvt.保护; 保卫关税保护prə'tektvisibilityn.能见度, 视程清晰度'vizi'bilitireturnn.回来, 回程, 回路偿还, 归还回复; 回归; 复发归还之物利润, 收益vi.返回, 回来恢复vt.还, 归还, 退回回报ri'tə:ngain controln.增益控制gainn.获益; 增财利润; 增加vt. vi.获得, 赢得增加, 增进(钟、表)走快ɡeinbrilliantadj.闪光的, 明亮的光辉的, 辉煌的'briljəntcluttern.杂物, 零乱的东西零乱'klʌtəcontroln.控制, 支配, 管理管理手段vt.控制, 抑制, 支配管理, 操纵kən'trəulsweepn.打扫, 清扫挥动, 摆动大面积搜索vt. vi.扫, 打扫, 拂去扫视swi:pinterceptvt.拦截, 截住, 截击'ɪntə'septincompleteadj.不完全的, 未完成的'ɪnkəm'pli:tsurveyn.调查vt.眺望; 纵览测量; 勘察检查, 鉴定通盘考虑, 回顾sə'veidraughtn.通风, 气流一饮, 一口之量drɑ:ftwarningn.发出警告; 受到告诫警告, 前兆'wɔ:niŋwarnvt. vi.警告, 提醒; 告诫; 预先通知, 预告wɔ:nnavigatevt.(从海上、空中等)横越; 横渡; 飞跃vt. vi.给(船舶、飞机等)引航; 导航'næviɡeitwithinadj.(表示位置)在…里面, 在…内部(表示时间)不超过(表示距离)不超出(表示范围)在范围[限度]内wi'ðinfathomn.英寻vt.理解…的真意, 搞懂, 弄清楚'fæðəmowingadj.欠着的, 应付的, 未付的'əuiŋsurvivevi.幸存, 活下来vt.比…活得长, 经历…之后还存在sə'vaivcopevi.成功地应付; 对付kəupsinkingn.沉没'siŋkiŋTitanicn.〈希神〉泰坦神族的tai'tænikcountlessadj.无数的; 多得数不清的'kauntlistallyn.账; 记录; 比分; 得分vt. vi.(使)符合; (使)吻合'tæliexpenses iks'pensisn.费用,开支feen.费, 酬金fi: pilotadj.试验性的; 引导的n.飞行员, 宇航员引航员; 舵手vt.驾驶带领, 指引, 引导试验, 试用'pailətsailingn.帆船运动(轮船的)航班; 起船'seiliŋwheeln.轮子, 车轮, 机轮方向盘, 舵轮旋转, 旋转运动vi.转动, 旋转vt.推, 拉(车)hwi:ltelegraphn.打电报电报机vt.打电报向(某人)发指令vt. vi.打电报传达(消息)'teliɡrɑ:fphrasen.〈语〉短语, 词组; 成语说法, 简洁的语句, 警句vt.叙述; 措词freizvalidadj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的'vælidfiguren.数字图解, 图表; 装饰性的图案人或动物的像, 画像, 肖像轮廓, 人影, 身材, 体态, 风姿算术, 计算vi.出现, 被提及vt.计算在内估计, 有可能; 认为, 料想'fiɡəstoppern.阻塞物; (尤指)瓶塞'stɔpəshortenvt. vi.弄短, 缩短'ʃɔ:tnequaladj.相等的, 同样的平等的能胜任的, 合适的n.同样的人, 相等的数量能与之比拟的东西, 匹敌者vt.与…相等或相同比得上'i:kwəlsheaven.滑车轮,槽轮v.捆;反桨划船ʃi:vMediterraneanadj.(似)地中海的, (似)地中海沿岸国家的'meditə'reinjənanchoring strengthn.碇系力dockingn.,adj.入坞(的)'dɔkiŋsternadj.苛刻的, 严格的严肃的, 严厉的stə:nbown.弓, 弓形物鞠躬, 低头vi.(向…)弯腰; 鞠躬vt.低头, 俯首bəucurrentadj.现在的, 现行的通用的, 通行的, 被普遍接受的n.水流, 气流电流趋向, 趋势, 倾向'kʌrənt collarn.衣领, 领子(狗等的)项圈'kɔləboomn.(营业等的)激增, (经济等的)繁荣, 迅速发展隆隆声vi.激增, 猛涨, 兴隆发出隆隆声bu:mtoppingn.配品, 浇料; 装饰'tɔpiŋliftn.抬, 举电梯, 升降机免费搭车; 搭便车鼓舞, 振奋vi.消散vt.终止; 解除vt. vi.举起, 抬起liftoutboard boatn.船外马达guyn.家伙, 伙计ɡaispidern.蜘蛛'spaidəbarometern.气压计, 晴雨表bə'rɔmitərovevt.流浪, 漂泊(指眼睛)环顾rəuvadventuren.冒险活动; 冒险经历; 奇遇冒险, 刺激vt. vi.冒险əd'ventʃəhauln.拖, 拉拖运货物的距离一网的捕获量, 一次偷得的数量vt.运送传讯vt. vi.拖, 拉hɔ:lmovableadj.活动的; 可移动的'mu:vəblblockn.街区, 街段大块(木料、石料、金属、冰等)障碍(物), 阻塞(物)vt.堵塞, 阻塞阻碍, 妨碍blɔkhookn.挂钩; 鱼钩钩拳转弯处vt.弯成钩形vt. vi.钩住, 吊住, 挂住huksnatchn.抢; 夺; 攫取(物的)片段; 短时间; 一阵vt.迅速获得; 乘机获取vt. vi.突然伸手拿取; 攫取; 抓住snætʃbondingn.黏结;连[搭,焊,胶,粘]接,结[耦,焊,接]合,压焊'bɔndiŋcablen.(船只、桥梁等上的)巨缆, 钢索电缆vt. vi.给(某人)发电报, 打电报告诉(某人) 'keibl tankn.油[水]箱, 罐, 槽坦克tæŋkhandlen.手柄, 把手vi.易于操作vt.处理, 应付, 对待拿, 触, 摸'hændltemporaryadj.临时的, 暂时的, 短时间的'tempərəriloopn.圈, 环, 环状物回路, 循环vt. vi.(使)成环, (使)成圈lu:phorizontaladj.水平的, 与地平线平行的'hɔri'zɔntəlbandn.带, 箍条纹价值、数量等的范围; 无线电的波段, 频带一群, 一伙乐队, 乐团vt.用带绑扎vt. vi.结合起来; 伙同bændcharacteristicadj.特有的, 典型的'kæriktə'ristikcompositeadj.混合成的, 综合成的'kɔmpəzitwreckvt.毁坏[毁灭]某物rekspheren.球(体)(兴趣或活动的)范围, 领域sfiəcabinetn.橱, 陈列柜内阁, 内阁会议'kæbinitcontainvt.包含; 容纳控制, 抑制kən'teinpostn.柱, 杆, 桩终点标志邮政邮件邮局, 邮筒职位岗位, 哨位vt.张贴; 贴在…上宣布; 公告邮寄设岗委派pəustrechargevt.给(电池)再充电; 给(枪)再装弹药'ri:'tʃɑ:dʒcardinaladj.最重要的, 主要的n.红衣主教'kɑ:dinlinterruptvt. vi.打断'ɪntə'rʌptstiffenvt. vi.(使)变硬'stifnstressn.压力, 紧张强调, 重要性重力重音vt.重读强调strescelestialadj.天的, 天空的si'lestjəlprimeadj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最好的, 第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好, 使完成准备工作事先指导, 事先向…提供情况praimlatituden.纬度特指的纬度地区自由, 自由范围'lætitju:dnumericaladj.数字的, 用数字表示的, 数值的nju:'merikəldeclinationn.倾斜, 下倾赤纬磁偏角'dekli'neiʃənassignvt.分配; 交给指派, 选派指定, 订出ə'saincommandn.命令指挥, 控制掌握; 运用力, 控制力部队, 兵团; 指挥部vt.命令应得, 博得, 值得俯瞰掌握, 支配vt. vi.指挥; 控制kə'mɑ:ndchainn.链, 锁链一系列的事物连锁店或旅馆束缚vt.用铁链锁住束缚tʃeinbridlen.马笼头, 马缰vt.给…套龙头控制'braidleffectiveadj.有效的; 生效的事实上的, 实际的给人印象深刻的i'fektivabsorbvt.吸收把…并入, 同化吸引…的注意力, 使全神贯注əb'sɔ:bstrippern.脱衣舞表演者, 脱衣舞女'stripəclingvi.附着于抓紧或抱住坚持kliŋwildcatadj.(商业上或财务上)鲁莽的, 冒险的n.野猫脾气暴躁的人'waildkætstatementn.声明, 陈述结算单, 报表'steitməntextensiveadj.广阔的, 广泛的; 大量的, 大规模的iks'tensiveditionn.版次, 版本i'diʃənrevised editionn.修订版reprintn.重印书, 再版书vt.(书籍)重印, 再版'ri:'printprojectionn.投掷, 发射, 喷射投影, 投影图prə'dʒekʃəndepictvt.描绘; 描画描述di'pikt polen.柱, 杆地极; 磁极, 电极截然相反的两极之一, 极端pəulconnectvt. vi.连接, 联结把…看作有关联; 由…联想到给…接通电话kə'nektmeridiann.子午圈, 子午线顶点; (权力, 成就等的)全盛时期mə'ridiənazimuthal chartn.方位(投影地)图Lambertn.(姓氏) 兰伯特(物) 朗伯(亮度单位)'læmbə(:)tconformal mappingn.共形映射[像],保角映射[变换]transverseadj.横向的'trænzvə:smeasurelink v.有…大小n.测量计量制, 度量法计量单位量具, 量器尺度, 标准程度, 地步措施, 办法vt.量出; 记录估计, 估量仔细考虑(通过竞争, 冲突等)考验某事物, 较量vt. vi.量'meʒədepthn.深, 深度, 纵深深厚, 深切, 深刻深处, 深渊depθheadwayn.进展,净空高度'hedweibargen.驳船vi.(鲁莽而笨拙地)猛撞, 冲, 闯bɑ:dʒoverheadadj.离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的, 架空的adv.在头顶上; 在空中在楼上n.(企业的)经费'əuvəhedchockn. vt. adv.楔,木楔,楔形物用楔子垫,收放定盘上满满地tʃɔkfittingadj.适合的, 恰当的n.设备, 家具, 日用器具试穿, 试衣'fitiŋshacklen.手铐, 脚镣, 镣铐束缚, 羁绊vt.给(某人)带上手铐或脚镣束缚'ʃæklgearn.用具, 设备, 衣服齿轮; 传动装置; (排)挡vi.换挡vt.使兴奋起来; 使准备好vt. vi.(使)搭配; (使)适合ɡiəcargon.货物(量)'kɑ:ɡəuemergencyn.紧急情况, 不测事件, 非常时刻i'mə:dʒənsi concentrationn.专心, 专注集中, 集结'kɔnsən'treiʃənprovidevt.规定vt. vi.提供; 供给; 供应prə'vaidbulwarkn.堡垒, 堤岸支柱舷墙'bulwəkcastn.投, 掷, 抛, 扔铸造物; 塑件石膏演员表, 全体演员vt.投射, 加…于分配(演戏剧等的)角色vt. vi.投, 掷, 扔浇铸kɑ:stsharpadj.锋利的, 尖锐的急转的, 陡峭的; 突然的, 急剧的轮廓鲜明的; 明显的; 清晰的灵敏的, 机警的辛辣的, 刺骨[鼻, 眼, 耳]的蓄意中伤的; 尖刻的; 严厉的adv.准时地突然地, 急剧地ʃɑ:psupportn.支撑, 承受, 支持, 赞助支撑物, 支柱, 支座, 支架给予帮助[同情]的人支持者, 拥护者vt.支撑; 撑扶; 托住; 支持维持赞助; 赞成; 供养经常光顾; 为…捧场忍受sə'pɔ:tpipen.管子, 管道烟斗管乐器, 笛子vt.以管输送传送吹哨子下令(表示欢迎)滚边, 镶花边vt. vi.用笛子吹奏; 鸣啭, 唱paipstoven.炉, 火炉stəuvclausen.从句(法律文件等的)条款klɔ:zchartern.许可证纲领, 宪章, 宣言包租vt.发给…许可证包租'tʃɑ:təownern.物主, 所有人'əunədispatchn.急件, 快信(记者发回的)新闻报道派遣, 调遣vt.派遣, 调遣, 发送匆匆吃[做]完dis'pætʃberthn.(船、列车等的)卧铺(船舶的)停泊位或锚位bə:θexpeditevt.加快进展迅速完成'ekspidaitloadingn.装载,装填'ləudiŋdischarging portn.卸货港口specificadj.明确的, 确切的, 详尽的具体的, 特有的, 特定的仅限于…的; 只发现于…的n.特效药具体方面, 细节spi'sifik readyadj.准备就绪的乐意的, 情愿的(思维)敏捷的'redidefiniteadj.明确的, 确切的一定的, 肯定的'definitrouten.路, 路途, 路线, 路程ru:talley wayn.小路,巷道;走廊,通道alleyn.胡同, 小巷小径'ælicorridorn.走廊, 通道'kɔridɔ:embarkvi.乘船vt.装载im'bɑ:kcloudn.云团, 群造成不愉快或不明朗的事物vi.(某人的脸)显得阴沉或忧伤vt. vi.(使)某物变得阴沉暗淡, 不清楚klaudclassifyvt.分类; 归类'klæsifaisequencen.有关联的一组事物, 一连串先后次序, 顺序, 连续'si:kwənssignifyvt.表示…的意思, 意味'siɡnifaiapproachn.靠近, 接近, 临近通路, 入口, 途径方式, 方法vt.接洽, 交涉; 着手处理vt. vi.接近, 走近, 靠近ə'prəutʃfrontadj.前面的, 前部的; 正面的n.前面; 正面一面前线, 战线联合行动, 阵线幌子, 隐蔽物vt.作…的正面vt. vi.面向, 朝向frʌntstationaryadj.不动的; 静止的'steiʃənəriportableadj.便于携带的; 手提式的; 轻便的'pɔ:təblextinguishern.熄火者, 扑火者; 消火者; 消火器; 熄火器, 灭火器ik'stiŋɡwiʃəannuallyadv.一年一次,每年'ænjuəlicheckn.检查, 核对制止, 抑制〈美〉支票, 账单vt.阻碍, 制止; 抑制vt. vi.检查, 核对tʃek gagen.厚度, 直径测量仪表规格, 尺度vt.计量, 度量估计, 判断ɡeidʒpressuren.压(力), 压强强制, 压迫'preʃəamountn.量, 数量, 数额总额, 总数vi.合计, 共计等同, 接近ə'mauntsealn.海豹印章, 印鉴, 图章封条, 封蜡vt.盖章于密封决定si:lcofferdamn.围堰'kɔfədæmdeckn.a floor built across a ship over all or part of its length 甲板, 层面vt.装饰某人或某物dekstrengthn.力, 力量; 体力, 力气强度; 浓度优点, 长处人力[数]; 兵力streŋθplacingn.配售'pleisiŋapartadv.相距, 相隔分离, 分开ə'pɑ:tbeamn.梁, 横梁束, 柱vi.发出光与热面露喜色vt.播送bi:mcombinationn.合作, 结合, 组合联合体, 组合物密码组合, 字码组合排列, 组合'kɔmbi'neiʃənpurposen.目的; 意图作用; 用途; 效果意志; 毅力; 决心vt.有意, 打算'pə:pəsproducen.产品, 农产品vt.出示, 提供引起; 导致出版; 上演vt. vi.生产, 产生, 出产制作, 创作prə'dju:svelocityn.速度vi'lɔsitifogn.雾vt.雾气笼罩使迷惑vt. vi.模糊不清fɔɡfoamn.泡沫; 泡沫材料vi.起泡沫; 吐白沫fəumstreamn.小河, 溪流流, 一股, 一串水流方向, 潮流(按能力分的)班级vi.飘扬; 招展vt. vi.流; 流动stri:m commonadj.普遍的, 常见的公有的, 共有的, 共同的一般的, 平常的'kɔmənmoorn.荒野, 旷野vt. vi.停泊, 系泊(船只)muərepresentvt.表现, 描绘代表, 象征, 表示作为…的代表'repri'zentfactorn.因素, 要素〈数〉因子, 因数'fæktəperprep.〈拉〉(表示关涉)通过, 由(表示根据)依照, 根据(表示比率)(尤指数量, 价格, 时间)每pə:, pəstrandn.(线、绳、发的)股; 缕strændcoren.果核核心, 精髓, 要点kɔ:compassn.罗盘, 指南针圆规界限'kʌmpəsseekvi.企图; 试图vt.请求, 征求; 求教vt. vi.寻找; 探寻si:kcapabilityn.能做某事的素质; 能力尚未发挥的天资或素质'keipə'bilətirelativeadj.相对的; 比较的n.亲属, 亲戚'relətivbearingn.举止, 风度方向轴承'bɛəriŋbarn.酒吧间, 售酒的(饮食)柜台条, 块(门、窗等的)闩, 栅栏vt.闩(门等)阻止, 阻拦, 封锁bɑ:containern.容器集装箱, 货柜kən'teinəcuben .立方形的东西, 立方体〈数〉立方kju:blikelyadj.可能的; 有希望的适合的adv.可能'laiklidenseadj.密集的, 稠密的, 浓密的密度大的愚笨的densbulkn.(巨大)物体, (大)块, (大)团主体, 绝大部分vt. vi.变得越来越大(或重要)bʌlk householdadj.家庭的, 家用的n.同住在一所房子里的人, 一家人, 户'haushəuldappliancen.器具, 器械, 装置ə'plaiənsfragileadj.易碎的, 脆的虚弱的, 脆弱的; 经不起折腾的'frædʒailindustrialadj.工业的, 产业的用于工业的in'dʌstriəlmachineryn.(总称)机器体系, 机构mə'ʃi:nəricontinuousadj.连续的, 没有中断的kən'tinjuəswatertightadj.不漏水的,水密的'wɔ:tətaitbulkheadn.隔离壁(用在船舱、隧道、太空飞行器, 以防止在一部分损坏时水或空气流入其他部分)'bʌlkhednormallyadv.通常; 正常地'nɔ:məlistructural elementn.构件,结构部件exterioradj.外部的, 外面的n.外面, 外貌, 外表户外景色图, 外景eks'tiəriəcenterlinen.中心线'sentəlainjoinern.工匠'dʒɔinəcorrectionn.改正修改; 纠正kə'rekʃənaugmentationn.增加'ɔ:ɡmen'teiʃənincludevt.包括, 包含in'klu:dnauticaladj.与船舶、海员、航海有关的'nɔ:tikəlnautical almanacn.航海天文年历Venusn.金星维纳斯'vi:nəsplatingn.电镀,被覆金属'pleitiŋtemporarilyadv.临时preventvt.预防vt. vi.阻止pri'ventincreasen.增加, 增大, 增多vt. vi.增加, 增大, 增多in'kri:slengthn.一段, 一节长, 长度; 距离leŋθsquareadj.正方形的成直角的平方的n.正方形广场平方vt.使成方形与…一致结账贿赂skwɛənotchn.(边缘或表面上的)V型痕迹, 刻痕水平, 等级vt.在(某物)上刻V形痕nɔtʃcrackn.裂缝, 缝隙劈叭声, 爆裂声意外的一下重击试图, 尝试俏皮话vt. vi.(使…)开裂, 破裂(使)身体上或精神上垮掉打开, 砸开(使)发出爆裂声krækdrillingn.演练'driliŋslotn.(机器或工具上的)狭缝, 狭槽〈非正〉(在表册、系统等中所占的)位置, 职位, 空位vt.把…放入狭长开口中; 把…纳入其中, 使有位置slɔtweldvt. vi.焊接; 熔接welddoublern.加倍装置,大碗'dʌbləcyclonen.气旋暴风'saikləunfinaladj.最后的, 最终的决定性的, 确定性的n.决赛(大学的)期终考试'fainəldevelopmentn.发展, 生长新阶段, 新事态; 新产品, 新发明新开发地di'veləpmənt$1tornadon.龙卷风; 旋风tɔ:'neidəupolaradj.(近)北[南]极的正好相反的'pəuləplotn.故事情节(秘密)计划, 密谋小块地皮vt.把…分成小块; 划分绘制; 标出vt. vi.密谋plɔtutilizevt.利用, 使用'ju:tilaizmagneticadj.有磁性的, 有吸引力的磁性的mæɡ'netik coursen.课程进程, 过程航向, 航线一道菜kɔ:ssetadj.固定的; 指定的不变的n.(一)套, (一)副收音机; 电视机vi.(日、月等)落, 下沉(植物)结子, 结果vt.放, 搁置setdriftn.漂移, 漂流吹积物; 堆积物趋势, 动向, 倾向大意, 要点, 主旨vi.漂, 漂流漂泊, 流浪driftaccountn.账, 账户记述, 描述, 报道vi.解释; 说明vt.认为ə'kaunthourly raten.计时工资fixn.困境, 窘境定位于受操纵的事vt.修理; 校准固定, 安装安排; 决定, 确定准备, 做(饭等)fiksactn.行为, 行动法令, 条例(一)幕vt. vi.行动, 做表演, 假装起作用æktloadn.负荷; 负担装载, 装载量工作量, 负荷量vt. vi.把…装上车[船]装…ləudlongitudinaladj.经度的,纵向的lɔndʒi'tju:dinlstiffnessn.坚硬,硬度'stifnistien.领带, 领结关系; 联系束缚, 牵连, 累赘vt.系, 拴, 绑vt. vi.打结; 系上taiwebn.(蜘蛛等的)网周密的布置; 网状物; 圈套webplaten.盘子, 碟金属牌平板, 薄片vt.镀, 电镀pleitwrinklingn.起皱现象,起皱纹'riŋkliŋdueadj.应支付[给予]的应有的, 应得到的到期的预定, 预期适当的, 正当的, 适宜的dju:twistingn.翘曲,扭曲'twistiŋsecureadj.牢固的; 可靠的有把握的; 确切的vt.握紧; 关牢使安全(使)获得; 把…弄到手si'kjuəwiren.金属丝, 金属线电线, 导线电报vt.给…装金属线vt. vi.拍电报'waiəropen.粗绳, 绳索, 缆一串vt.(用绳子)捆, 绑rəupconsistvi.组成, 构成在于, 存在于kən'sistsingleadj.单一的; 单个的; 仅有一个的; 单独的适于一人的, 一人用的, 一人做的未婚的, 独身的n.单程票单打比赛vt.挑选'siŋɡlprotrudevt. vi.(使某物)伸出; (使某物)突出prə'tru:dhornn.角, 触角角质物号, 号角喇叭, 报警器hɔ:ncleatn.夹板kli:tbollardn.(行人安全岛的)短柱, 护柱(船上或码头上的)系船柱'bɔlɑ:drestrictvt.限制; 约束ris'triktmodificationn.缓和, 限制, 减轻更改, 改变, 修改'mɔdifi'keiʃənstudn.领扣, 按扣鞋钉(镶有宝石等并有一条小棍连着的)首饰, 耳环(用于装饰的)大头钉, 饰钉一群马(指种马)性欲强的男人vt.用饰钉、宝石等装饰(某物表面)stʌddevicen.装置, 设备, 器具手段, 策略di'vaisdischargen.获准离开, 释放排放出的物体vt.卸船偿还执行; 履行vt. vi.放出; 流出开枪; 发射dis'tʃɑ:dʒreliefn.(痛苦等)缓解, 减轻, 解除轻松, 宽慰换班[接替]人, 加班[增开]的公共汽车、火车等ri'li:ffabricn.织物, 布构造, 组织'fæbrikscreenn.屏风, 帘, 纱窗掩护物屏幕银幕; 荧光屏vt.遮蔽, 掩护放映(电影), 播放(电视节目)审查, 甄选skri:nenlargevt. vi.扩大, 扩展, 扩充放大in'lɑ:dʒbore bɔ:n.令人讨厌的人或事物, 麻烦vt.令人厌烦vt. vi.挖, 掘, 钻, 开凿(洞、井、隧道等) holen.洞, 孔; 窝破洞, 裂口; 漏洞, 破绽困境, 窘境vt. vi.(在…上)打洞或穿孔həularrangevt.整理; 布置vt. vi.安排; 准备ə'reindʒcircumferencen.周围; 圆周sə'kʌmfərənsformationn.形成, 构成形成物编队, 排列fɔ:'meiʃənrotatevt. vi.(使某物)旋转[转动](使某人或某物)轮流[按顺序循环]rəu'teitdocumentn.公文, 文件, 文献vt.证明记录, 记载'dɔkjuməntoffshoreadj.近海的向海的, 离岸的'ɔf'ʃɔ:inflate in'fleitvt. vi.使充气(于轮胎、气球等), (使)膨胀(使)通货膨胀, 物价上涨pack pækn.包裹; 背包小纸盒, 小纸包一群; 一伙; 一堆(纸牌的)一副vt.装罐把…裹起来携带; 装备有挑选…使之偏袒自己vt. vi.(把…)打包, 收拾行李塞进; 拥进(使)聚集成团logn.原木, 木材, 木料航海[飞行]日志vt.把…记入航海日志航行(…距离), 飞行(…小时)vt. vi.砍伐lɔɡmoden.方式, 样式样式, 风格məudmaleadj.男性的, 雄的凸形的n.男人; 雄性动物; 雄性植物meilcouplingn.连接连接器; (尤指列车等的)车钩, 挂钩'kʌpliŋinsideadj.内部的; 里面的; 内侧的n.里面, 内部内脏prep.(表示位置或方向)在或到…里面(表示时间)少于in'saidthreadn.线; 细线线索, 思路vt.将(针、线等)穿过…将(影片)装入放映机θredvisualadj.视觉的, 看得见的'viʒuəlsignaladj.明显的, (非常)显著的, 非凡的n.信号, 暗号(无线电或电视所传送的)讯号, 讯息, 图像vt. vi.发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号通讯'siɡnəl acknowledgevt.承认, 供认告知已收到鸣谢, 感谢ək'nɔlidʒrequestn.要求, 请求所请求的事物vt.请求, 要求ri'kwestdrawn.抽奖, 抽签平局, 不分胜负vi.移动, 来临打成平局, 不分胜负vt.拔出, 取出, 抽出提取, 汲取, 领取引起, 吸引vt. vi.绘画, 画拖, 拉drɔ:verticaladj.垂直的, 竖的'və:tikəlfairlyadv.公平地, 诚实地相当地, 适度地完全地, 简直'fɛəliaccurateadj.精确的, 准确的正确无误的'ækjuritestimatorn.评价者,评估特有者'estimeitətechniquen.技巧, 手法, 技术技能tek'ni:knavigation 'nævi'ɡeiʃənn.航行(学); 航海(术), 航空(术)导航, 领航reckon 'rekənvt.猜想; 估计〈非正〉思忖; 设想考虑; 认为〈正〉计算fibern.光纤'faibəservicen.服务, 接待公共机构, 政府部门; 业务服役; 任职vt.检修向…提供服务支付…的利息'sə:visfakeadj.假的, 冒充的n.骗子赝品vt.伪造, 篡改, 对…做手脚仿造vt. vi.假装feikfictionn.小说虚构的或想像出的事, 并非完全真实的事'fikʃəndisplayn.陈列, 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt.陈列, 展览显示, 显露dis'pleiradarn.雷达雷达装置'reidəfairway 'fɛəwein.(高尔夫球场上的)平坦球道fairway buoy n.航标boundadj.被捆绑的, 被束缚的一定的, 必定的去, 准备去n.跳, 跳跃, 跃进界限, 范围vi.跳; 弹回vt.给…划界, 限制baund referencen.提及, 涉及参考, 查阅引文; 参考书目证明书; 推荐信; 证明人; 推荐人'refrənsbreakn.裂口, 裂缝; 破裂间歇, 中间休息vi.破晓, 突然出现vt.破坏, 违反终止, 中断透露, 说出打破(纪录)vt. vi.打破, 折断, 弄坏breiktown.拖, 拉, 牵引vt.拖, 拉, 拽təuhosen.连裤袜, 长统袜, 短统袜软管, 胶管, 水龙头vt.用软管浇[冲洗]həuznozzlen.管嘴, 喷嘴'nɔzlattachvt. vi.贴上; 系; 附上ə'tætʃhydrantn.给水栓, 消防龙头'haidrəntexposevt.曝光暴露; 显露揭露, 袒露iks'pəuzballastn.(保持船身稳定的)压舱物vt.给某物装上压舱物'bæləstminimaladj.〈正式〉最小的; 极少的'miniməlimpactn.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞vt. vi.对某事物有影响'impæktstabilityn.稳定(性), 稳固stə'bilitishutvt. vi.关, 关上ʃʌtcompartmentn.间隔, (列车车厢的)隔间kəm'pɑ:tməntgalleyn.平底大船; 战舰(船上或航空器上的)厨房'ɡæliposen.姿势, 姿态装腔作势, 伪装vt.提出vt. vi.使摆姿势; 以…身份出现pəuzadditionaladj.增加的, 额外的, 另外的ə'diʃənlthreatn.威胁, 恐吓可能造成威胁的人[事, 想法]恶兆, 兆头θretgreasen.动物油脂油膏, 油脂vt.涂油脂于, 用油脂润滑ɡri:s ventilationn.空气流通通风设备; 通风方法'venti'leiʃənescapen.逃走, 逃脱; 逃避消遣, 解闷vi.逃脱, 逃跑漏出, 泄漏vt. vi.逃避, 避开; 免除is'keipliquidadj.液体的, 液态的清澈的, 明亮的(声音)流畅的易转换成现款的, 流动的n.液体'likwidflammableadj.易燃的, 可燃的'flæməblflown.流动, 流量vi.流, 流动; 循环垂; 飘拂fləurequirevt.有赖于…; 需要命令, 指示要求, 规定想要ri'kwaiəavailableadj.可用的或可得到的可会见的, 可与之交谈的ə'veiləblspontaneousadj.自发的, 无意识的自然的, 天真率直的spɔn'teiniəscombustionn.燃烧, 烧毁kəm'bʌstʃən。
85UVF1-1QD说明书
上海炽焰自动化工程有限公司2FIGURE 2.PHOENIX SCANNER in CENELEC HAZARDOUS AREA HOUSING (mounting flange kit ordered separately)*HOUSING FLANGE KIT, ORDERED SEPARATELY (INCLUDES NPT OR BSP FLANGE, GASKET, MOUNTING SCREWS) P/N 129-168-1 (NPT)P/N 129-168-2 (BSP)DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (MM)ASSEMBLY SHOWN WITH HOUSING FLANGE KIT, ORDERED SEPARATELYMOUNTING SCREWS (4 PLC.) 3/8" THREADED OPENING FOR COOLING AIR1" FEMALE THREAD SIGHT PIPE MOUNT VIEWING WINDOW*HOUSING FLANGE KITFLANGE GASKET 0.35 (9)4.41(112)5.28(134)8.94 (227)4.53 (115)4.41 (112) 3.56 (90)FOR WIRING INSTRUCTIONS REFER TO FIGURE 63/43/4" NPT THREADED OPENING FOR CABLE ENTRY85UVF1/IRF1-1 CEX探头的所有型号均配有通过CENELEC和ATEX机构认证的防爆外壳。
可应用在EExd IIC T6级别的危险环境。
另外,CENELEC级别的外壳也符合IP66(NEMA 4X)的防护等级要求。
s h e e n c e3SCANNER PART NUMBERS AND APPROVALSTable 1:CE = 90/396/EEC Gas Appliance directive-EN298 Oil Burning Applications-EN230ACCESSORIES AGENCY APPROVALSATEX SCANNER MODEL FM UL C/US CE CLASS I DIV 2CLASS II DIV 2CLASS III NEMA 4X IP66DVGW DIN CERTCO Ex II 3 G/D EEx nA IIC T5CENELEC EExd IIC T685UVF1-1QDX X X X X X X X X X X 85UVF1-1CEXX X X X X 85IRF1-1QDX X X X X X X X X X X 85IRF1-1CEXX X X X X 85IRF1-2QDX X X X X X X X X X X 85UVF1-2QD X X X X X X X X X X XX = CERTIFICATION IN HANDTable 2:探头型号及认证信息s h e4Table 3:PARTNUMBER DESCRIPTION LENGTHMETERS FEET59-546-38-Conductor 3-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector. 3 meters 9 feet, 10 inches 59-546-68-Conductor 6-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector. 6 meters 19 feet, 8 inches 59-546-98-Conductor 9-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector.9 meters 29 feet, 3 inches 59-546-128-Conductor 12-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector.12 meters 39 feet, 4 inches 59-546-158-Conductor 15-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector.15 meters 49 feet, 2 inches 59-546-308-Conductor 30-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector.30 meters 98 feet, 5 inches 59-546-458-Conductor 45-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector.45 meters 147 feet, 7 inches 59-546-608-Conductor 60-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector.60 meters 196 feet, 10 inches 59-546-908-Conductor 90-meter cable assembly with 8-pin female connector.90 meters 295 feet, 3 inches 59-5468-Conductor cable without connector . Sold by the foot for use as extension cable from a junction box. As required As required s h e e n ce5规格机械参数:基本型(-1QD),外接光纤型(-2QD)外壳材质: 工程材料 –填充尼龙树脂的玻璃纤维探头重量: 3.25 磅 (1.5公斤)安装法兰: 35-318-1,标准配置,非金属材质,1" NPT 内螺纹接口,带有3/8" NPT内螺纹冷却风接口。
床上用品BSENISO12952-1标准阻燃测试
床上用品BSENISO12952-1标准阻燃测试
床上用品指摆放于床上,供人在睡眠时使用的物品,包括被褥、被套、床单、床罩、床笠、枕套、枕芯、毯子、凉席和蚊帐。
BS EN ISO12952-1 床上用品的燃烧行为-焖烧
BS EN ISO12952-1 Burning behaviour of bedding Items - smouldering cigarette
BS EN ISO12952-1标准:
BS EN ISO12952-1床上用品的燃烧行为-焖烧测试简述了纺织品,床上用品,家用设备,被子,枕头,床套,床单等的防火测试,测试设备,测试条件和测试样品等。
BS EN ISO12952-1测试范围:
-床垫覆盖物;
-衬垫物;
-失禁用被单和衬垫;
-被单;
-毯子;
-电热毯子;
-棉被(羽绒被)及其覆盖物;
-枕头(包括任何填充物)及垫子;
-枕头套。
此标准不适用于床垫组合、床体、床衬垫。
BS EN ISO12952-1测试要求:
待测样品放在实验基质上,焖烧香烟置于样品上面或下面。
记录任何持续焖烧或明火燃烧。
若床垫是制成品,可以取代测试基底。
办理阻燃测试流程:
1、项目申请——向检测机构监管递交申请。
2、资料准备——根据要求,企业准备好相关的认证文件。
3、产品测试——企业将待测样品寄到实验室进行测试。
4、编制报告——认证工程师根据合格的检测数据,编写报告。
5、递交审核——工程师将完整的报告进行审核。
6、签发证书——报告审核无误后,颁发证书。
高中英语读后续写 情绪动作类表达升级--愤怒(2)
读后续写专题3 情绪动作类表达升级--愤怒(2)情绪动作类表达是读后续写中最常见的、最不可或缺的表达,通过以下的积累、背诵、训练,考生定能在今后描写愤怒的情绪动作时,更加地道,更加形象,更加传神。
(一)情绪类表达1.感到愤怒的feel furious/irritated/annoyed/ mad/cross2.感到愤怒的be seized by anger/feel a surge of anger(rage/fury)3.感到恶心的feel disgusted/sickened4.感到泄气的feel discouraged5.充满怨恨的眼神 a resentful look6.脸气地通红flush with anger7.怒气冲天anger boils/sweeps over sb.8.对某人大发脾气rage at sb.9.怒火万丈flame high10.勃然大怒fly into a rage11.脸因为生气而扭曲face twists with rage12.引起某人的不快arouse one’s displeasure13.对某人的行为感到不满be displeased at one’s conduct14.愁眉苦脸have a worried look15.气地说不出话be speechless with anger(二)句子练习1.我被愤怒覆盖。
I was seized by anger.2.他怒火中烧。
He was burning with anger.3.她因为发怒脸涨得通红。
Her face was red with anger.4.他愤怒地看了我一眼。
He gave me a look of burning anger. /He glared at me with burning eyes.5.他听到这话勃然大怒。
He burst into anger at the word.6.我感到愤怒朝我袭来。
21世纪大学英语应用型视听说教程1答案
虿21世纪大学英语应用型视听说教程 1 膅Unit 1薂Part A莁Section A螇Ⅱ1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B薅Section B芃Ⅰ1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T腿Ⅱ1.textbooks 2.list 3.bookstore 4.library 5.sell 6.Really7.entrance 8.pay 9.meet ter腿Ⅲ1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A肄Part B肃Section A芀Ⅱ1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F芈Section B蒃Ⅱ1.1701 2.undergraduates 3.winner 4.senior 5.same 6.remained 7.explain 8.hearts 9.conversation 10.chose螃Section C节Ⅱ1.marks 2.introduction 3.goals 4.assist 5.perform 6.quickly 7.guide 8.receive9.international 10.arrival莆Ⅲ1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D膇Part C蒄Ⅰ1.what to eat 2.very likely 3.need to think about 4.Once in college 6.I see聿Part D螈Section A薆Ⅰ1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.B芄Ⅱ9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A膀Ⅲ13.D 14.D 15.C袇Section B羆Ⅰ16.C 17.D 18.B螀Ⅱ19.C 20.A 21.B膂Ⅲ22.B 23.D 24.A 25.B腿Section C蒅Ⅰ26.cultures 27.contacts 28.key pals 29.consideration 30.sites 31.research 32.nick 33.identity 34.never give your personal information to anyone 35.Tell your teachers,parents or classmates if problems arise 36.Ask appropriate questions thatwill also help you learn about other cultures蒁罿Unit 2莈Part A袄Section A芁Ⅱ1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D肀Section B蒆Ⅰ1.health 2.missing 3.soul 4.balance 5.journey 6.caring 7.views 8.firm 9.person 10.burning芄Ⅱ1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B羂Ⅲ1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F肂Part B螈Section A蚃Ⅱ1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F蚂Section B衿Ⅱ1.couple 2.battle 3.recent 4.ocean 5.trip 6.superstars 7.prefer 8.realistic9.Regardless 10.theater羇Section C莆Ⅱ1.concern 2.scared 3.interrupt 4.assure 5.sight 6.stuck 7.move 8.trouble蒂Ⅲ1.D 2.C 3.A 4.E 5.B羁Part C艿Ⅰ1.drawing 2.a much 3.a love letter 4.not much of a writer 5.Why not propose to her袆Part D膃Section A螈Ⅰ1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.B莇Ⅱ9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A芅Ⅲ13.C 14.A 15.D羃Section B衿Ⅰ16.A 17.C 18.B薆Ⅱ19.B 20.A 21.D蚅Ⅲ22.D 23.A 24.D 25.B蚄Section C袁Ⅰ26.single 27.vegetables 28.romance 29.shoppers 30.baskets 31.succeed 32.offered 33.free 34.Paris is the home around 900,000 singles 35.because supermarket dating offers them a good chance to know more people 36.Thisidea,dating market shopping evenings was from Holland 袈肄Unit 3蒄Part A蚈Section A羇Ⅱ1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.A薃Section B膄Ⅰ1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B蝿Ⅱ1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C荿Ⅲ1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F芇Part B蚁Section A螁Ⅱ1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T蒇Section B蚆Ⅱ1.express 2.transport 3.passions 4.source 5.average莁Section C薈Ⅱ1.piece 2.mood 3.longing 4.wine 5.screen 6.down 7.relax 8.running 9.list10.choices薆Ⅲ1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C肅Part C膁Ⅰ1.increasingly popular 2.checkout lines 3.products and prices 4.That really handy 5.Unlike in-store shopping 6.Besides蚀Part D羈Section A薅Ⅰ1.A 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.D袂Ⅱ9.D 10.A 11.B 12.B蚁Ⅲ13.D 14.A 15.C肆Section B羄Ⅰ16.C 17.A 18.C蚂Ⅱ19.B 20.C 21.D蒈Ⅲ22.B 23.C 24.C 25.D葿Section C莄Ⅰ26.dating 27.acceptance 28.backgrounds rgest 30.visitors 31.rise32.increasing 33.check 34.income and their height 35.In spire of that 35.don’t give up your heart easily莂薀Unit 4薇Part A肇Section A肃Ⅱ1.B 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.C蚁Section B蚆Ⅰ1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C膅Ⅱ1.Richard 2.Waldorf 3.rich 4.2842 7858 5.October 17,1982 薂Ⅲ1T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F肇Part B螇Section A薄Ⅱ1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F节Section B腿Ⅱ1.affected 2.horrible 3.ashamed 4.seriously 5.bullies 6.fault 7.encourage8.essential 9.approach 10.solution袅Section C肄Ⅱ1.amazing 2.prepare 3.halfway 4.fortunate 5.imagine 6.majors 7.available8.status 9.earn 10.Cherish肃Ⅲ1.never too late to start learning 2.over 600 different majors to choose from 3.financial aid 4.taking online classes芀Part C芇Ⅰ1.becoming more popular 2.learning at home 3.What on earth 4.the education freedom 5.for as long as they want 6.Another advantage蒃Part D螃Section A肇Ⅰ1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.B莆Ⅱ9.D 10.A 11.C 12.D袂Ⅲ13.B 14.B 15.C艿Section B聿Ⅰ16.A 17.B 18.D蒄Ⅱ19.D 20.C 21.B莂Ⅲ22.D 23.A 24.A 25.B羀Section C膀Ⅰ26.brain 27.discovered 28.sights 29.advantage 30.imitate 31.movement32.Hearing 33.continue 34.Ask her about the events and people in the stories you read together 35.you are also encouraging your child to think as she speaks 36.you are showing that you respect her knowledge and her ability to keep learning袇羅Unit 5螀Part A羇Section A羅Ⅱ1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C蒅Section B蒁Ⅰ1.action 2.mistakes 3.desire 4.moving 5.remain 6.truth 7.secret 8.necessary 9.sweetness 10.between罿Ⅱ1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B莇Ⅲ1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F袄Part B芁Section A肀Ⅱ1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F蒆Section B芃Ⅱ1.decided 2.road 3.town 4.figured 5.particular 6.slept 7.ate 8.went 9.environment10.felt羁Section C袈Ⅱ1.elements 2.absolutely 3.invented 4.magical 5.imagination袈Ⅲ1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C螃Part C蚂Ⅰ1.persistence is the most important 2.succeeded in everything 3.take thatknowledge 4.success is inevitable 5.the only certain way to fail 6.you’re never beaten 衿Part D羆Section A膂Ⅰ1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B蒂Ⅱ9.A 10.C 11.B 12.D羀Ⅲ13.A 14.C 15.B肅Section B袆Ⅰ16.B 17.C 18.D膂Ⅱ19.D 20.B 21.C螈Ⅲ22.D 23.D 24.B 25.A莇Section C芅Ⅰ26.century 27.influenced 28.learned 29.entered 30.read 31.liked 32.edited 33.played 34.He tried to join the army,but his eyesight was too poor 35.When the novel was published in 1926,it became a best seller 36.The book also brought Hemingway the Novel Prize for literature in 1954羃衿Unit 6薆Part A蚄Section A葿Ⅱ1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A袀Section B袈Ⅰ1.fun 2.misunderstanding 3.notice 4.without 5.shopping 6.yours 7.learning 8.share 9.miss 10.mistakes膄Ⅱ1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D膀Ⅲ1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T蚈Part B羆Section A薃Ⅱ1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F袀Section B蝿Ⅱ1.rush 2.relationship 3.involve 4.inviting 5.conversation 6.meeting 7.activity 8.party 9.develop 10.close膅Section C羂Ⅱ1.generation 2.faith 3.reminder 4.seize 5.waving蚀Ⅲ1.E 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B螁Part C蒇Ⅱ1.who love and support you 2.one of the most beautiful words 3.many other positive words 4.always right there for you 5.may come and go 6.pick up the pieces莂Part D莁Section A薈Ⅰ1.B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.A薅Ⅱ9.C 10.B 11.A 12.D肅Ⅲ13.A 14.B 15.C膁Section B虿Ⅰ16.A 17.D 18.D羈Ⅱ19.B 20.A 21.B薅Ⅲ22.D 23.C 24.A 25.B袁Section C蒇Ⅰ26.stays 27.traditional 28.caused 29.situation 30.support 31.divorce 32.raising 33.breadwinner 34.Some people have blamed this increase for the rise in crime35.For women,it is now much easier to have a career and good salary 36.some argue that modern children grow up more independent than those in the past肆羄Unit 7蚂Part A蒈Section A膅Ⅱ1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C莃Section B莂Ⅰ1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B蕿Ⅱ1.quality 2.great 3.keyboard 4.high 5.download 6.toy 7.telephone 8.regular 薇Ⅲ1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T螃Part B膃Section A莇Ⅱ1.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.F蚅Section B节Ⅱ1.popular 2.revolution 3.beginning 4.pubs 5.famous 6.pop 7.singles 8.songs 9.versions 10.bands袃Section C蒈Ⅱ1.negotiate 2.gap 3.minor minicate 5.bleeding肈Ⅲ1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C羅Part C荿Ⅱ1.favorite TV show 2.can’t wait to see 3.As far as I know 4.entertaining and well-written 5.burst out laughing 6.I love them all蒃Part D膀Section A艿Ⅰ1.D 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.A肃Ⅱ9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C膁Ⅲ13.D 14.D 15.D芈Section B螈Ⅰ16.C 17.C 18.B螄Ⅱ19.C 20.C 21.D节Ⅲ22.D 23.A 24.D 25.C薁Section C膇Ⅰ26.mountains 27.special 28.nature 29.sadness 30.group 31.distances 32.local 33.memory 34.They did not sound like had taken music lessons 35.They recorded more songs 36.the Carter Family was a great success蒄莃Unit 8蝿Part A薇Section A芅Ⅱ1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D膁Section B肁Ⅰ1.polluted 2.disaster 3.role 4.survive 5.continuously 6.responsible 7.protect 8.possible munication 10.cloth羆Ⅱ1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C羅Ⅲ1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F膂Part B膀Section A虿Ⅱ1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F螅Section B芄Ⅱ1.riddle 2.shower 3.liters 4.head 5.sprays 6.pressure 7.energy 8.hands 9.power 10.full莈Section C腿Ⅱ1.climate 2.risen 3.releasing 4.naturally 5.absorb蒆Ⅲ1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B肁Part C蚀Ⅰ1.become a hot topic 2.becoming dangerously warmer 3.should drive less4.reduce greenhouse gas emissions5.walk or ride a bicycle6.take public transportation薈Part D芆Section A肂Ⅰ1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B蝿Ⅱ9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C羇Ⅲ13.B 14.D 15.C羆Section B膄Ⅰ16.C 17.D 18.D膁Ⅱ19.A 20.C 21.D莇Ⅲ22.A 23.B 24.C 25.C蚇Section C羁Ⅰ26.worldwide 27.areas 28.available ck 30.notes 31.increase 32.forces 33.diseases 34.Floods,droughts,pollution and climate change have created even more problems 35.Still there is much work to be done 36.So far the method purifies only amounts of water芀袆Unit 9膃Part A羂Section A莈Ⅱ1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D芆Section B羄Ⅰ1.generally 2.travel 3.elderly 4.lovely 5.please 6.sentences 7.pressure munication 9.upset 10.increasingly肄Ⅱ1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D螀Ⅲ1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F罿Part B蚄Section A袁Ⅱ1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F衿Section B莈Ⅱ1.rules 2.memory 3.authority 4.superior 5.cocktail 6.honor 7.toast 8.handed9.handshakes 10.drink蒄Section C羃Ⅱ1.uncomfortable 2.mean 3.rumors plaining 5.annoying芁Ⅲ1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B螈Part C膅Ⅰ1.rules of etiquette for eating 2.show gratitude for 3.who has prepared it 4.a way to express 5.the dishes are good 6.have a conversation at meals羄Part D荿Section A芇Ⅰ1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.C袅Ⅱ9.C 10.A 11.D 12.C螁Ⅲ13.C 14.D 15.B螂Section B蚆Ⅰ16.D 17.D 18.B蚅Ⅱ19.A 20.B 21.B袃Ⅲ22.C 23.A 24.D 25.B袀Section C肆Ⅰst 27.expected 28.polite 29.explanation 30.absent 31.assignments 32.cheating 33.kicked 34.Wearing a hat in class is considered impolite by many teachers 35.leaving the class for something other than an emergency is not acceptable 36.good manners will never go out of style莆袄Unit 10罿Part A蝿Section A膆Ⅱ1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D蚁Section B莁Ⅰ1.act 2.believe 3.behave 4.popular 5.advice 6.sense 7.reflection 8.confused 9.shine 10.values腿Ⅱ1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A袇Ⅲ1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F螃Part B葿Section A蚈Ⅱ1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F莃Section B袄Ⅱ1.attending 2.medical 3.cheat 4.pockets 5.pound 6.apartment 7.standard petition 9.capabilities 10.efforts袂Section C肇Ⅱ1.trail 2.case 3.Items 4.confirm 5.contact肃Ⅲ1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C薂Part C羀Ⅰ1.in our everyday life 2.minimize our errors and mistakes 3.take the responsibility 4.just to save face 5.attend a meeting 6.make up an excuse蒇Part D袄Section A蚃Ⅰ1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.D肈Ⅱ9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A袆Ⅲ13.C 14.B 15.D薄Section B羃Ⅰ16.D 17.A 18.D蚀Ⅱ19.C 20.A 21.B薄Ⅲ22.B 23.B 24.D 25.C薃Section CⅠ26.ideas 27.offense 28.copied 29.dishonesty 30.steal 31.identify pare 33.suspect 34.a failing grade on the paper or in the course 35.you borrow directly form another source 36.Keep your own ideas separate from those of others by taking notes。
UL94 燃烧等级标准介绍(中文)
UL 94 标准介绍(设备和器具部件材料的可燃性能试验)Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and AppliancesCONTENTS (标准所包含的内容)•Foreword (前言)•Introduction (总则)•Tests (试验)•Marking (标记)•Supplement (附录)Scope 标准范围•本标准适用于设备和电器的塑料零件的可燃性试验•本标准中描述的方法包括了标准尺寸样品,且仅用来衡量和说明设备和电器所用材料相对于受控试验室环境中的热和火焰的可燃性•材料最后是否合格取决于它在整体设备中的用途,并与适用于该设备的标准一致•本要求可以用于其它非金属材料;但不适用于建筑材料和装饰的塑料材料Tests (试验)•(1).Horizontal Burning Test;HB 材料分类为94HB 的水平燃烧试验:A. Test specimens(试验样品):1. 片状:切割,熔铸,挤塑等方式均可,边沿光滑,表面干净,密度均匀.2.尺寸:长125 ±5mm 、宽为13.0 ±0.5 mm ,需要提供测试的最小厚度样品和3.0(-0.0 +0.2) mm 厚度样品,若样品最小厚度大于3mm 或最大厚度小于3.0mm ,则可以不用提供3.0mm 样品,样品最大厚度限制为13.0mm,最大宽度限制为13.5mm, 角半径不超过1.3mm 。
2. 如果材料要考虑色彩、密度、熔流或增强范围,则试验样品要相应体现这些范围。
B. Precondition (样品预处理)样品试验前应置于温度为23 ±2℃和相对湿度为50 ±5﹪的环境中至少48h(2).Vertical Burning Test; V-0, V-1, or V-2(材料分类成V-0, V-1, 或V-2的垂直燃烧试验)A. Test specimens(试验样品):1. 片状:切割,熔铸,挤塑等方式均可,边沿光滑,表面干净,密度均匀.2.尺寸:长125 ±5mm 、宽为13.0 ±0.5 mm ,需要提供测试的最小厚度样品和最大厚度样品;样品最大厚度限制为13.0mm,如果最小厚度样品和最大厚度样品测试得出的结果不一致,则还需要提供中间尺寸的样品,中间尺寸厚度跨度不超过3.2mm; 角半径不超过1.3mm 。
UL94-V0、V1、V2判别方法0
UL94-V0、V1、V2判别⽅法0UL94按阻燃要求和等级的不同分为HB、V2、V1、V0、5V⼏个阻燃等级,HB为最低阻燃等级,V0以上为⾼等级阻燃.HB级防⽕试验(HorizontalBurningTest)样品要求:1)⽚状:切割、熔铸、挤塑等⽅式均可,边沿光滑、表⾯⼲净、密度均匀2)尺⼨:长×宽:125±5mm×13.0±0.5mm,需要提供测试的最⼩厚度样品和3mm(-0.0,0.2)厚度样品,若样品最⼩厚度⼤于3mm或者最⼤厚度⼩于3mm,则可以不⽤提供3mm样品;样品最⼤厚度不超过13mm,最⼤宽度不超过13.5mm,⾓半径不⼤于1.3mm3)系列:若颜⾊、密度等有多种型号,则要提供相应的有代表性的样品4)数量:样品最少2套、每套3件样品测试程序:1)划线:25±1mm,100±1mm2)夹持:夹住靠近100mm处的样品尾端,长度⽅向保持⽔平,宽度⽅向与⽔平⾯成45o±2o,丝⽹固定在样品下⾯100±1mm处3)燃具:甲烷流量105ml/min,背压⼒10mm⽔柱4)⽕焰:焰⾼20±1mm5)燃烧:焰炉倾斜45o,置⼊⽕焰6mm深处,30±1秒或燃烧⾄25mm处时移⾛焰炉6)计时:⽕焰燃烧⾄25±1mm处时开始计时,计下停燃烧时所⽤的时间和燃烧过的长度7)计算:V=60L/t,V是燃烧速度(mm/min),L是燃烧过的长度(mm),t是燃烧时间(s)试验记录:1)⽕焰是否燃烧⾄25±1mm或100±1mm处2)⽕焰燃烧⾄25±1mm和100±1mm之间,记录燃烧过的长度(L)和燃烧此长度所⽤的时间(t)3)若⽕焰燃烧通过了100±1mm,则记录从25±1mm处到100±1mm处所⽤的时间4)计算所得出的燃烧速度HB ⽕焰等级的评定:1)跨度75mm上厚度3.0~13mm的样品,燃烧速度≤40mm/min2)跨度75mm上厚度<3.0的样品,燃烧速度≤75mm/min3)在100mm之前停⽌燃烧结果符合上述条件的样品则为HB级说明:3±0.2mm的样品能通过⽕焰测试,则此结论适⽤于厚度在1.5~3mm之间的所有样品;样品⾄少需要2套,每套3件,若第⼀套中仅⼀件样品不合格,则可以⽤第⼆套样品来重新试验。
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多组分完全气体混合物( 多组分完全气体混合物(续)
M = ∑ Xs Ms
X s = Ys M / M s
1 M = ( ∑ Ys / M s ) ∑ ( Ys M / M s ) = 1 1 M / M s = ( M s ∑ Ys / M s )
(2)三种速度和三种物质流 )
v ——混合气相对于实验室坐标系的速度 vS——s组分相对于实验室坐标系的速度 VS——s组分相对于混合气的运动速度,即 由于分子不规则运动引起的扩散漂移速 度 VS = v S – v
组分焓和混合物焓都包括物理焓(热焓)和化 学焓. 组分生成焓是常数,混合物生成焓是组分浓度 的函数. 组分的比热与组分浓度无关,混合物的比热取 决于组分浓度. 三种混合物的焓:热焓,热焓十化学焓,滞止 焓 = 热焓十化学焓十动能.
1-3化学反应动力学基本关系式
∑ ν s A s → ∑ ν′ A ′ s s
1-2 燃烧
有强烈放热和发光的化学反应 固液气燃料(煤,非金属的碳,硅,硼,金属如钨钼 钛锆,钾钠钙镁,固体推进剂;石油产品和液态烃; 天然气和气态烃)氧化 类氧化—氮化,氯化 分解—联氨分解为氮和氢 代替反应—钠加水成为氢和氧化钠的反应 流动,传热,传质和反应的相互作用 流动,传热,
1-3 火
3 x j 2 (S + S + S ) 2 11 22 33 3
内能形式的能量方程
de + p v j = (λ T ) + ( q rj ) + ( ρ dt x j x j x j x j x j
∑ Dρ
Ys h )+Φ+ x j s
∑ ρs Fsi Vsi
φ = ρs = Ysρ
∫V SφδV = ∫S jsdS + ∫V w sδV
(ρY ) + s t x j dYs ρ dt x j
(ρYs v j ) =
x j
Ys (Dρ ) ws x j
=
Ys (Dρ ) ws x j
2.4 动量守恒方程
p ij d ρvi δV = Sv δV = ( + ρs Fsi )δV dt V V V x j d ρvi δV = [ (ρvi ) + (ρv jvi )]δV dt V x j V t
2.2 连续方程
φ=ρ Sφ = 0
dΦ dt
=0
ρ + (ρv j ) = 0 t x j (ρv ) = ρ v j + v ρ j j x x j x j j ρ ρ dρ + vj = t x j dt
v j dρ +ρ =0 dt x j
组分质量守恒方程(扩散方程) 2.3 组分质量守恒方程(扩散方程)
τf = L / v τc = ρc p (Tf T∞ ) /( w f Qf )
2 / D = τ = l / u′ = k / ε τd = L T T
D I = τf / τc
D II = τd / τc
反应流的两种极限情况
D I << 1 D II >> 1
反应冻结流 反应平衡流
燃烧的两种极限情况
dφ φ φ = + vj dt t x j
Φ = ∫ φδV
V
dΦ = Φ + φv dS = Φ + (φv )δV j dt t t S n V x j
∫
∫
φ = [ + (φv j )]δV V t x j
∫
dΦ dt
+ ∫ SφδV = 0
V
φ + t x j
(φv j ) + Sφ = 0
ρ = ∑ ρs
s
p = ∑ ps
s
Ys = ρs / ρ ρ = nM
X s = ps / p ρs = n s M s
p = ρRT / M = nRT
ps = ρs RT / M s = n s RT X s = ps / p = n s / n
n = ∑ ns
ρ = ∑ ρs = ∑ n s M s = nM
焰
有浓度和温度剧烈变化的区域(不是发光的燃烧产物) 火焰能自动传播—缓燃(〈1 m/s)和爆震(3000m/s) 火焰的辐射,生碳和电离现象 层流和湍流火焰 扩散火焰和预混火焰(前者局部高温,辐射强,效率 差,后者反之) 化学平衡流动和冻结流动 扩散控制和动力控制的燃烧 绝热燃烧温度
特征时间(流动, 三种 特征时间(流动,反应和 扩散时间)和两种Damkohler数 扩散时间)和两种 数
∑
v j p x j
= 膨胀 / 压缩功
v i 2 v j )δ ] v i 耗散能Φ ≡ τij = [2Sij ( x j 3 x j ij x j
能量守恒方程(续3)--内能形式 能量守恒方程( 3)--内能形式 -v 张量运算 i x j
=
1 [( v i 2 x j
+
v j v )+( i x i x j
我国传说 我国传说:燧人氏钻木取火 希腊传说:普罗米休斯把火带给人间.至少50万 希腊传说 年前人类学会用火. 恩格斯:"火"使人类脱离野蛮进入文明 恩格斯: "庄子 庄子":木与木相摩则燃. 庄子 战国齐国田单:火牛阵 战国齐国田单: 晋代张华"博物志":四川用天然气煮盐 晋代张华"博物志" 火药和火箭:我国首先发明(至少在宋代) 火药和火箭: 燃烧技术的三次大发展 燃烧技术的三次大发展:蒸汽机和内燃机(产 业革命);航空航天技术(二次世界大战); 能源危机(70年代末)
单位体积内的内能加动 能
内能 + 动能的变化
d v 2 )δV = {[ ρ(e + v 2 )] + [ρv (e + v 2 )]}δV = ρ(e + j dt V 2 2 x j 2 V t
φ = ρ(e +
v2 ) 2
∫
∫
d (e + v 2 )δV = ρ 2 V dt
∫
热交换
∫
V x j
三种速度和三种物质流( 三种速度和三种物质流(续)
ρv = g
ρs v s = g s
ρSVs = J s
gsj = ρs v sj = J sj + Ysρv j = ρs Vsj + ρs v j
g j = ρv j = ∑ gsj = ∑ ρs v sj = ∑ ρs Vsj + ρv j
∑ ρs Vsj = ∑ J sj = 0
D II >> 1 D II << 1
扩散(控制的)燃烧 动力(控制的)燃烧
绝热燃烧温度
Tm = T∞ + Qf /[(1 + αL0 )c p ]
( α > 1)
Tm = T∞ + 0.23αL0Q ox /[(1 + αL0 )c p ] ( α < 1)
第二章 多组分有反应流动基本方程
2-1 多组分有反应流体基本性质和关系式 (1)多组分完全气体混合物 )
T ) + q rj (λ x j x j
能量方程的完整形式
d (e + v 2 ) = ρ x j dt 2
+
x j
(∑
s
Ys Dρ x j
hs )
+ vi ∑ ρs Fsi + ∑ ρs Fsi Vsi + (pijvi ) x j
能量守恒方程( 2)能量守恒方程(续2)-膨胀功和耗散能
φ = ρv i
∫ ∫
∫
∫
∑
∫
v i pij ≈ ( x j
+
v j ) pδij x i
(ρv ) + (ρv v ) = p + [( v i + v j )] + i j i t x j x x j x j x i
∑ ρs Fsi
能量守恒方程---能量变化和换热 2.5 能量守恒方程--能量变化和换热
(2)近代燃烧技术的发展 )
燃烧的强化 燃烧的强化---高能,高压,高温,高速燃烧. 节能 节能—高效率,低品位燃料燃烧 环保—低污染 (低NOx,SOx,CO2,粉尘, 环保 噪音,有毒气体)燃烧 火灾防治 火灾防治—森林,建筑和仓库火灾,矿井防爆 几种近代燃烧技术 几种近代燃烧技术:氢氧燃烧;超音燃烧;高 推重比燃烧;旋流(风)燃烧;流化床燃烧, 磁控燃烧;脉动燃烧;催化燃烧;自蔓延燃烧
燃烧学第一章—导论 燃烧学第一章 导论
教材和参考书 :
(1)周力行 周力行:湍流气粒两相流动和燃烧 周力行 的理论与数值模拟, 科学 出版社,1994 (2)F.A. Williams: Combustion Theory, : Adison-Wisley,1985
1-1 燃烧技术和燃烧科学的发展 燃烧技术和燃烧科学的发展-------(1)燃烧技术发展史 )
v j )] = Sij + ξij x i v i δij x j
Sij ξij = 0,
δij ξij = 0,
τij ξij = 0,
=
v j x j
耗散能最终形式 2 ( v j ) 2 = 2(S2 + S2 + S2 + S2 + 2 33 12 23 31
化学反应动力学基本关系式( 化学反应动力学基本关系式(续)
msr m′ w s = ∑ w sr = ∑ ( k sr ∏ Cs k ′ ∏ C′ sr sr s r r s s
w s = Bρ