中石油职称英语考试大纲模拟试题
中石油职称英语考试模拟试题
I. V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his __.A. wordB. wordsC. permissionD. saying2. After second thought, she ___a better solution.A. came up withB. added up toC. put up withD. made up for3. The club has___ a new rule allowing women to join.A. brought forthB. associated withC. turned overD. laid down4. The performance will begin __ at eight thirty.A. preciselyB. consequentlyC. accordinglyD. exceedingly5. It's very discourteous to __ during some one's conversation.A. inspectB. interruptC. interfereD. instruct6. His joke went too far. It was more than 1 could __.A. get rid ofB. put up withC. keep up withD. do away with7. Will all those ___the proposal raise their hands?A. in relation toB. in excess ofC. in contrast toD. in favor of8. At the gathering, he talked __ about the matter, dampening everyone’s spirits.A. in detailB. with easeC. on endD. in a confusing way9. We cannot always ___the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also bedriven by water.A. hang onB. count onC. hold onD. come on10. I don't want to___ you in if you are what you say.A. runB. catchC. makeD. take11. Mr. Brown is a ___old man and all his neighbors are __ to him.A. respectful...respectableB. respectable...respectiveC. respectable...respectfulD. respective...respectable12. I wish my son would stop __ and do something realistic.A. hanging aboutB. hanging onC. hanging upD. hanging off13. There are some ___flowers on the desk.A. artificialB. falseC. unrealD. untrue14. We all can't __ why she married a man like this.A. reason outB. figure outC. make believeD. take in15. John wants to dispose ___his old car and buy a new one.A. onB. inC. ofD. to16. He slept in the __ of the trees on such a hot day.A. shadeB. shelterC. shadowD. shield17. Ted agreed to __ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.A. call outB. call toC. call offD. call on18.We are not ___to veto(否定) our own proposals.A. likelyB. possibleC. probableD. potential19. He agreed with the plan in ___, but thought that in practice it would not work.A. attitudeB. approachC. viewpointD. principle20. The conversation was so interesting that we were __ of the lateness of the hour.A. negligibleB. inattentiveC. irrelevantD. obliviousII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. ___nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being22. It was urgent that he __ her immediately.A. callsB. calledC. callD. would call23. ___the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit. (10年)A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because24. What's the matter? I smell something __.(09年)A. bumB. bumsC. being burnedD. burning25. Mathematics as well as other subjects __ a science.A. wasB. isC. areD. belong to26. ___he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods. (10年)A. GivingB. Given thatC. Giving thatD. To give that27. It was during the 1920's __ the friendship between Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. after28. ___dwell on her past.A. Little need sheB. Little did she needC. Little she neededD. Little she did need29. ___a fine day, I decided to go for an outing.A. BeingB. Having beenC. It beingD. How30. The car ___seventy miles per hour until it reaches the riverside at about ten o'clock tonight.A. goesB. will goC. wentD. will be going31. Many a time __ not to play with fire but he turns a deaf ear to the warnings.A. the child being toldB. the child has been toldC. has been told the childD. has the child been told32. I would rather ___out to look for a job instead of moping around here everyday.A. to goB. goingC. wentD. go33. ___is still a controversial issue.A. If he is the right person for the jobB. That he is the right person for the jobC. Whether he is the right person for the jobD. He is the right person for the job34. Tom __ my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.A. ought not have receivedB. shouldn't have receivedC. has been receivedD. couldn't have received35. You'll soon get used to __ a large breakfast in England.A. eatB. it that you eatC. eatingD. you eat36. I left very early last night, but I wish I __ so early.A. didn't leaveB. hadn't leftC. haven't leftD. couldn't leave37. The cottage will be cold. Make sure __ the heater.A. you lightB. for lightingC. lightingD. you'll light38. "How many from your class went abroad?” “___but one".A. AnyB. SomeC. AllD. Most39. Heating ___into the students' dormitories now.A. is puttingB. is being putC. is been putD. has been putting40.He has got himself into a dangerous situation ___he has no control.A. becauseB. asC. over thatD. over whichⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. To them, however, the dispute between the' colonists and England was peripheral. For American Indians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose, they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, the leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king, George III. When thecolonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada. On the other side, Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee nation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Creeks and as a reward for her heroism was made "Beloved Woman" of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women's council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the white settlers and supported the Patriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.41. What is the main point the author makes in the passage?A. Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.B. At the time of the Revolution the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.C. Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.D. The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women. 42. 42.The word "it" in line 4 refers to ___.A. sideB. revolutionC. disputeD. independence43. How did Ward gain her position of authority?A. By bravery in battle.B. By marriage to a chief.C. By joining the confederacy.D. By being born into a powerful family.44. According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward had in common?A. Each was called "Beloved Woman" by her tribe.B. Each influenced her tribe's role in the American Revolution.C. Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.D. Each went to England after the American Revolution.Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:More people than ever are drinking coffee these days--but in smaller quantities than they used to. Some manufacturers of coffee makers are trying to take advantage of this trend by developing diminutive machines that brew smaller amounts of coffee. Two US appliance companies--Black & Decker, based in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of Columbia, Missouri--have recently introduced "drip" coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings of coffee. Both of the products brew the coffee directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for a separate carafe. Since many people make a pot of coffee in the morning but drink only a single cup, the new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee. Black & Decker's Cup-at-a-Time costs $27, while Toastmaster's Coffee Break Retails for $20. Black & Decker also makes a coffee maker that drips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposed to keep the coffee fresh for hours. The product, called the Thermal CarafeCoffee-maker, comes with a built-in lid that opens during the brewing process and close when it is completed. There are several models, including one that firs under the counter, ranging from $60 to $110 in price.45. The main purpose of the text is to___.A. introduce a new trend of drinking coffeeB. introduce new coffee makersC. introduce two U.S. appliance companiesD. introduce the new coffee industry46. The advantage of "drip" coffee makers shown in the text is that___.A. they are much more economicB. they can produce only one cupC. they are more convenient and easier to operateD. they are more economical47. According to the passage, a thermal carafe is necessary when the coffee is___.A. preservedB. producedC. manufacturedD. brewed48. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A. People used to drink coffee in larger quantities.B. It is essential to attach a separate carafe, while "drip" coffeemakers are applied.C. People used to make a pot of coffee in the morning and drink it up.D. The new coffee makers usually cost less than before.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster (1758- 1843). Born near Hartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English school books then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of such books as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simple books on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the first part was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during the next hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its author's attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary, and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICANDICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in 1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the English language in his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special way and deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As he himself wrote," It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this 'country should have an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England...some differences exist .... No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country." By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundred years, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language, his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.49. Webster first tried to earn his living in the field of___.A. educationB. journalismC. lawD. medicine50. Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a __.A. teacherB. studentC. lawyerD. doctor51. This article could be entitled___.A. Noah Webster and American English SpellingB. Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English LanguageC. Noah WebsterD. Noah Webster and American English Grammar52. According to the article, Webster __.A. had created American English and its usagesB. had discovered American English and improved itC. had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his countryD. had left a language which was not used in England.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Albert Schweitzer was born in 1875 in Alsace. At that time, it was a part of Germany. His generous spirit was first awakened through his training as a Lutheran minister. Besides gaining a reputation as a preacher, he also became respected for his ability to play the organ. He was a man of many talents. His concern for other people turned his attention to medicine. He had also acquired doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. His wife took an interest in medicine too and became a nurse. Many people thought that he should remain and lecture in Europe to have astrong impact on Western civilization. Though he listened to their suggestions, he ultimately decided to follow his own conscience. This led him to Africa. Albert had felt that all men should accept the responsibility of helping others. He felt particularly concerned for black Africans who had been exploited by white men. He earned the money he needed by performing on the organ and by lecturing. With this money he bought equipment and opened a hospital in Africa. He was a man of great strength who faced great problems with courage. The threat of war, the reality of imprisonment during World War, one as a German citizen, and the unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all. He believed that man could overcome these obstacles if he had a sense of idealism. He died in 1965.53. He had talents for___.A. training his wife to be a nurse, giving concert and lecturingB. giving medical care, lecturing, playing the organC. taking care of sick people, fighting as a soldier, lecturingD. giving concert, making equipment, helping others54. In spite of people's suggestions, Albert decided to go to Africa___.A. because he was born thereB. because he wanted to help others particularly black Africans who had been exploited by white menC. because he wanted to give a concert to African peopleD. because he wanted to' make money there55. Why did the author think he was a man of great strength?A. He always faced great problems with courage.B. The threat of war and the reality of imprisonment during World War didn't discourage him.C. The unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all.D. All of the above.56. Albert Schweitzer lived to be___.A. 70 years oldB. 80 years oldC. 90 years oldD. 100 years oldQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 B. C. A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine (血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too muchyellow bile was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates' fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity (遗传特征), the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.57. According to Hippocrates' fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be ___.A. optimisticB. easily angeredC. unexcitableD. pessimistic58. The main idea of this passage is about __.A. the complicated factors in determining one's personalityB. Hippocrates' fluid theory and its developmentC. the past and today of personality classifications and theoriesD. different personalities and their details59. At present, psychologists __.A. have common opinion about personality theories and classificationsB. use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theoriesC. have abandoned Hippocrates' fluid theory entirelyD. all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities60. According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to classify personality are___.A. one's born features and needs of love and successB. one's height and weightC. one's hobbies and idealsD. the environment and intelligenceSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 61 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had noprominent style fits own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 62 , or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1900s. Jazz is Americans contribution to 63 music. In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 64 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America, and 65 it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music 66 .American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers .They were brought to Southern States 67 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friend and relatives 68 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession .On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 69 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their relations, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 70 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to once. It was an early form of jazz.61. A. By B. At C. In D. On62. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed63. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light64. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating65. A. as B. so C. either D. neither66. A. concerned B .itself C. available D. oneself67. A. for B. as C. with D. by68. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed69. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But70. A. whistled B. sung C. presented D. showedIV. TranslationDirections: There is 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages intoChinese on your Answer Sheet.71.One of the rules for being rich is to avoid frivolous temptations. Surely there are many other rules for the purpose. One of them is to stay in school or, if out of school, go back to it for continuing education. It has never been easier to get an education but you will learn something worth the time and effort. College costs have been rising gradually relative to family income level for more than twenty years. However the rate of return on a college education has been rising as well, making the investment a good deal. Meanwhile, the cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information available on CD-ROMs and Internet. In addition, to choose a good major for education is also important. History and politics professors earn less thanaccounting professor, much less than businessmen. For that reason, accounting professors can expect to earn much less than their students who major in business.参考2013版教材46.Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己一、答案I. Vocabulary1-20 AADAB BDCBA CAABC ACADDII. Grammatical Structure21-40 CCADB BBACD DDCDC BACBDIII. Reading Comprehension41-60 CDABB DAACA CCBBD CCCDC61-70 BCCAA BBDDCIV. Translation 翻译答案略，请参考2007年版通用英语选读相关课文。
中石油职称英语考试大纲模拟试题四
~模拟试题四~I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.I.I’m afraid taking a part time job might _ my time for study.A. cut offB. cut intoC. cut downD. cut away2.1 ____ several interesting facts about Mexico in that book.A. came toB. came intoC. came overD. came across3.You can’t see through a telescope unless it is ____ correctly to your sight.A. adaptedB. adoptedC. adjustedD. accustomed4.Our company decided to ____ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A. destroyB. refuseC. assumeD. cancel5.The father lost his ____ just because his son failed again in the final exam.A. mindB. moodC. passionD. temper6.He has never felt himself so powerfully ____ to the scientific ideal.A. interestedB. absorbedC. confidentD. attracted7.Craing assured his boss that he would _____ a ll his energies in doing this new job.A. call forthB. call atC. call onD. call off8.Who is ____ personnel at presentA. in the charge ofB. under charge ofC. under the charge ofD. in charge of9.Safety devices ____ in preventing accidents in the workshop.A. assistB. assureC. assembleD. contribute10.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ____ loud continuous noise.A. subjected toB. filled withC. associated withD. attached toSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.11. Today’s class has already been called off.A. revisedB. canceledC. completedD. announced12. Robert was regarded as a profound thinker by his friends.A. a deepB. a lazyC. a carefulD. an original13.Diana Spencer consented to many Prince Charles in 1981.A. vowedB. agreedC. engagedD. betokened14.The Hope Diamond has a beautiful blue color, and is completely without flaws.A. mistakesB. defectsC. dotsD. trademarks15.T he ultimate goal for all mountain climbers is to scale the summit of Mr. Everest.A. greatestB. potentialC. ambitiousD. distant16.The old woman is too feeble to cross the street without her nephew’s help.A. tiredB. weakC. timidD. blind17.T here is no alternative: the President must approve the bill if Congress passes it.A. chance of agreementB. doubtC. other choiceD. mistake18.The horse finally came to a halt on the very rim of the cliff.A. topB. edgeC. sloptD. base19.His face was flushed because he had run all the way from the dormitory.A. redB. shakingC. paleD. wet20.The versatility function of a computer is limited only by human imagination.A. multipleB. artificialC. mechanicalD. automaticII ? Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.It was urgent that he __ her immediately.A. callsB. calledC. callD. would call22.The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, ___ killed him several years ago.A. the effects of whichB. the effects of itC. finallyD. that23. __ ，it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a eraser.A. Hard a diamond isB. Hard as a diamond isC. As a diamond is hardD. How hard is a diamond24.In order to be a good scientist, _A. mathematics is vitalB. one must master mathematicsC. mathematics is important to understandD. one to understand mathematics25.Like the old, __ respected in our country.A. the female isB. a female isC. the female areD. female is26. __ bricks, workers press clay into blocks and bake them to the requisite hardness in a kiln.A. MadeB. To makeC. Being madeD. The making of27. __ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinitepeaceA. WalkingB. When one is walkingC. If walkingD. When walking28.When you ___ the test, check your papers before you hand them in.A. will finishB. are finishingC. will have finishedD. have finished29.This candidate has far more chances of winning the election than ___ recommended by the organizer.A. thatB. the oneC. whomD. one30.If you ____ my advice， you your failure now. You __ your victory.A.took ... wouldn't cry over... would celebrateB.had taken ... wouldn't have cried over... would have celebratedC.had taken ... aren't crying over... are celebratingD.had taken ... wouldn't be crying over... would be celebratingSection BDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.31.Alaska’s vast areas of untamed wilderness attracts many people who enjoy the outdoors.ABC D32.If you have just recently purchased a home or are considering to refinance your home, takeA B Cadvantage of our low rates.D33.The most popular suggestion with the office workers is that all smokers could go outsideA B Cto smoke.D34.Book where visitors sign in is kept at the front desk.A B C D'35.The director felt more positive steps should be taken before last night’s meeting to ensureA B Cjob security.D36.The idea that experience was worth more then education was not unanimously accepted.A BCD37.Mrs. Pham wanted to know when was the last staff meeting so she could plan the next one.A B CD38.Engineers and scientists have had no trouble finding high-level, high-paying positionsA B Cwho have experience.D39.We can supplement our own ideas with information and data gathering from our reading,A B Cour observation, and so forth.D40.To read Tolstoy and being introduced to the nineteenth-century Russian literature are twoA B Cexcellent reasons for taking Professor Morrel’s course.DIII. Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the answer sheetShopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 41 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street wasalways in the heart of a town. This street was lined on both sides with many various businesses.Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. .42 , some shops offered services. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 43 . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 44 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 45 the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls, 46 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded citycentres. 47 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from downtownareas to outlying malls. And the growing 48 of shopping centres led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. 49 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almostdeveloped into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 50 of one stop shopping,malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoorentertainment.41. A. As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier42. A. Apart from B. However C. In addition D. As well43. A. be taking place B. take place C. be taken place D. have taken place44. A. available for B. available to C. used by D. ready for45. A. over B. from C. out of D. outside46. A. started B. founded C. set up D. organized47. A. Attracted B. Surprised C. Delighted D. Enjoyed48. A. distinction B. fame C. popularity D. liking49. A. By B. During C. In D. Towards50. A. cheapness B. readiness C. convenience D. handinessIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry--we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice (同谋).If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess (委婉之处), from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty two chapters of a novel--if we consider how to read a novel first--are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building but words are more impalpable than bricks, reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you--how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained inthat moment.51. What does the author mean by saying "Yet few people ask from books what books can give us"A. The author means that lots of people read few books.B. The author thinks that readers have only absorbed part of knowledge in books.C. The author holds that few people have a proper idea about what content some kind ofbooks should include.D. The author considers that readers can scarcely understand most of the books.52. According to the passage, which of the following statement is rightA. A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.B. The more difficult a book is, the more you can get from it.C. To read something is easier than to watch something.D. One should be in the same track with the writer when he is reading.53. What is the possible meaning of "impalpable" (Paragraph 2) in the passageA. Clear.B. Elusive.C. Delicate.D. Precise.54. What's the main idea of this passageA. The importance of reading.B. The proper way to read.C. How to get most from one book.D. The characters of a good book.Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:It isn't often that an entire industry is symbolized in the figure of a single human being, and such is the case with Canadian aviation and the aircraft industry. The man is the Hon. John A. D. McCurdy, and the life story of this still vigorous, distinguished Canadian is at once and at thesame time the thrilling history of aviation's progress in Canada.It all began one cold February day in 1909 at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, when John McCurdy confounded the critics by flying the Silver Dart, an aircraft designed by himself, for half a mile over the ice of Bras deor Lakes. This was the first powered flight in Canada and the first by a British subject in the Commonwealth. McCurdy gave proof of his flying ability--and of the development and the use of the aileron--by being the first man in the world to execute a figure eight in the air. He became the first to pilot a flying boat, taking off from Long Island Sound. He flew the first airplane to Mexico. In 1911 he had made the longest flight to date, and that over open sea 90 miles from Key West to Havana. He won the first cross country race in Canada 40 miles from Hamilton to Toronto--and he transmitted the first radio message from aircraft.When World War ]I came, McCurdy took on board supervisory authority for Canadian aircraft production by serving with the government in various senior positions. Following World War 11, McCurdy was honored by being made lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia where he made Canada's first historic flight. He now lives in Montreal with a summer home in Baddeck, site of his first flight.55. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about McCurdyA. He was a Canadian.B. He is regarded as the symbol of Canadian aviation and aircraft industry.C. He is the first man to finish a figure eight in the air.D. He now lives in Baddeck.56. The "Silver Dart" isA. the name of a weaponB. a plane bought by McCurdyC. the nickname of a famous Canadian pilotD. a plane designed by McCurdy57. McCurdy is NOT the first one to __A. fly in CanadaB. pilot a flying boatC. fly from Key West to TorontoD. fly to Mexico58. Nowadays, McCurdy __A. lives in Montreal in summerB. is the lieutenant governor of Nova ScotiaC. is still very active and energeticD. is the government's counselorQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:The U.S. birthrate began to decline in the middle 1950's, resulting in a smaller college age population starting in the middle 1970's. S4 Something else happened in the 1970's: the price of oil increased tremendously, driving up the price of almost everything and making Americans aware that their large automobiles used a lot of gasoline. At the same time, foreign car manufacturers had begun to produce small fuel efficient cars in large quantities for the export market. ~Suddenly, the large, gas guzzling American cars were no longer attractive to Americanbuyers, who began buying foreign cars by the thousands. The American automobile industry went into a recession. Thousands of automotive workers were laid off, as were thousands of people in industries indirectly connected with the auto industry. People who are laid off tend to keep what money they have for necessities, like food and housing. They do not have the extra money needed to send their children to college. Their children cannot pay their own college costs, because during a recession they cannot find jobs. High unemployment means that more state funds must be used for social service--unemployment benefits and to aid dependent children, for example--than during more prosperous times. It also means, that the states have fewer funds than usual, because people are paying fewer taxes. Institutions of higher education depend on two major sources ofincome to keep them functioning: tuition from students and funds from the states. At the present time, there are fewer students than in the past and fewer state funds available for higher education. The colleges and universities are in trouble.59. What is the main idea of this passageA. The rising of oil price drove up the price of everything.B. There were many reasons why higher education was in trouble in the 1970's.C. Birthrate began to decline in the USA in 1950's.D. High unemployment caused a lot of social problems.60. The phrase "laid off' can best be replaced by which of the followingA. Poor.B. Got rid of.C. Removed.D. Unemployed.61. American cars were not popular in their domestic markets because they wereA. smallB. gas consumingC. fuel efficientD. not attractive62. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT __A. Young people couldn't afford their own tuition in the 1970'sB. It's difficult for graduates from colleges to find a job in the 1970'sC. Fewer parents could afford to send their children to college because of the recession in1970'sD. Birthrate dropped in the 1970's because of the recessionQuestions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"--string of alphabetic or numerical characters--ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and placesthat the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.63. Which of the following is true about memoryA. It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.B. It is based on the decisions we made in the past.C. It is rooted in our past habits and skills.D. It connects our past experiences with the present.64. According to the passage, memory is helpful in one's life in the following aspects EXCEPT thatA. it involves a change in one's behaviorB. it keeps information for later useC. it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD. it enables one to remember events that happened in the past65. What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the authorA. It can be expanded by language.B. It can remember all the combined words.C. It may keep all the information in the past.D. It may change what has been stored in it.66. Human beings make themselves different from other animals byA. having the ability to perceive dangerB. having a far greater memory capacityC. having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD. having the ability to draw on past experiencesSection BDirections: You should answer Questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.Population movements and genetics1.Study of the origins and distribution of human populations used to be based onarchaeological and fossil evidence. A number of techniques developed since the 1950s, however, have placed the study of these subjects on a sounder and more objective footing. The best information on early population movements is now being obtained from the “archaeology of the living body”, the clues to be found in genetic material.2.Recent work on the problem of when people first entered the Americas is an example ofthe value of these new techniques. North-east Asia and Siberia have long been accepted as the launching ground for the first human colonisers of the New World. But was there one major wave of migration across the Bering Strait into the Americas, or several And when did this event, or events, take place In recent years, new clues have come from research into genetics, including the distribution of genetic markers in modem Native Americans.3.An important project, led by the biological anthropologist Robert Williams, focused onthe variants (called Gm allotypes) of one particular protein - immunoglobin G - found in the fluid portion of human blood. All proteins “drift”， or produce variants, over the generations, and members of an interbreeding human population will share a set of such variants. Thus, by comparing the Gm allotypes of two different populations (e.g.two Indian tribes), one can establish their genetic “distance”，which itself can be calibrated to give an indication of the length of time since these populations last interbred.4.Williams and his colleagues sampled the blood of over 5,000 American Indians inwestern North America during a twenty-year period. They found that their Gmallotypes could bedivided into two groups, one of which also corresponded to the genetic typing of Central and South American Indians. Other tests showed that the Inuit (or Eskimo) and Aleut formed a third group. From this evidence it was deduced that there had been three major waves of migration across the Bering Strait. The first, Paleo-Indian, wave more than 15,000 years ago was ancestral to all Central and South American Indians. The second wave, about 14,000 -12,000 years ago, brought Na-Dene hunters, ancestors of the Navajo and Apache (who only migrated south from Canada about 600 or 700 years ago). The third wave, perhaps 10,000 or 9,000 years ago, saw the migration from North-east Asia of groups ancestral to the modem Eskimo and Aleut.5.How far does other research support these conclusions Geneticist Douglas Wallace hasstudied mitochondrial DNA in blood samples from three widely separated Native American groups: Pima-Papago Indians in Arizona, Maya Indians on the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, and Ticuna Indians in the Upper Amazon region of Brazil. As would have been predicted by Robert Williams's work, all three groups appear to be descended from the same ancestral (Paleo-Indian) population.6.There are two other kinds of research that have thrown some light on the origins of theNative American population; they involve the study of teeth and of languages. The biological anthropologist Christy Turner is an expert in the analysis of changing physical characteristics in human teeth. He argues that tooth crowns and roots have a high genetic component, minimally affected by environmental and other factors.Studies carried out by Turner of many thousands of New and Old World specimens, both ancient and modem, suggest that the majority of prehistoric Americans are linked to Northern Asian populations by crown and root traits such as incisor shoveling (a scooping out on one or both surfaces of the tooth), single-rooted upper first premolars and triple-rooted lower first molars. According to Turner, this ties in with the idea of a single Paleo-lndian migration out of North Asia, which he sets at before 14,000 years ago by calibrating rates of dental micro-evolution. Tooth analyses also suggest that there were two later migrations of Na-Denes and Eskimo-Aleut.7.The linguist Joseph Greenberg has, since the 1950s, argued that all Native Americanlanguages belong to a single “Amerind” family, except for Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut - a view that gives credence to the idea of three main migrations. Greenberg is in a minority among fellow linguists, most of whom favour the notion of a great many waves of migration to account for the more than 1,000 languages spoken at one time by American Indians. But there is no doubt that the new genetic and dental evidence provides strong backing for Greenberg’s view. Dates given for the migrations should nevertheless be treated with caution, except where supported by hard archaeological evidence.Questions 67-72This passage has seven sections. 1-7.Choose the correct headings for sections 1-7 from the list of headings below. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.List of HeadingsA.The results of the research into blood-variantsB.Dental evidenceC.Greenberg’s analysis of the dental and linguistic evidenceD.Developments in the methods used to study early population movementsF.Further genetic evidence relating to the three-wave theoryG.Long-standing questions about prehistoric migration to AmericaH.How analysis of blood-variants measures the closeness of the relationship betweendifferent populationsI.Conflicting views of the three-wave theory, based on non-genetic evidence67.Section 168.Section 269.Section 370.Section 471.Section 572.Section 6Example AnswerSection 7 IQuestions 73-74This passage refers to the three-wave theory of early migration to the Americas. It also suggests in which of these three waves the ancestors of various groups of modern native Americans first reached the continent.Classify the groups named in the table below as originating fromA.the first waveB.the second waveC.the third waveChoose the correct letter. A, B or C, for questions 73-74 and mark your answer on theQuestion 75Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 75. Christy Turner's research involved the examination ofA.teeth from both prehistoric and modem americans and Asians.B.thousands of people who live in either the New or the Old World.C.dental specimens from the majority of prehistoric Americans.D.the eating habits of American and Asian populations.。
中石油英语职称考试大纲中模拟试题答案解析
【详细解答】make out意为“辩认出，理解”，符合句意。look to“照顾，负责”；look out“当心，提防”；take in“容纳，理解，欺骗（多用于被动态）”，均不符合句意。
2.
【答案】C
【译文】新的科学发现应用于工业生产方法上常使工作更容易做。
【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题。
10.
【答案】C
【译文】每年的这时候，天气特别多变，都不知道穿什么好。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。
【详细解答】various意为“各种各样的”；variant意为“不同的”；variable意为“多变的，变化异常的”；varied意为“变化了的，色彩丰富的”。根据句子意思，应选C。
11.
5.
【答案】D
【译文】你应该把这些桌子扔了，买些新的。
【试题分析】此题考有关throw的短语辨析。
【词组辨析】throw away扔掉：Don't throw this book away. It may be used later。别把这本书给扔了，以后可能有用。A. throw off摆脱掉；匆匆脱下（衣服）：throw off the bad habit摆脱坏的习惯。此处题意是说去旧换新，而非摆脱桌子。B. throw down朝下扔。C. throw up（接名词）放弃：throw up one's job放弃工作。
4.
【答案】B
【译文】虽然摩根先生在公开场合显得十分高兴，私下里却很忧伤。
【试题分析】此题为词组辨析题，题干中“in public”为提示语。
【详细解答】in private私下地，指不被众人所注意：Cecil can be very rude in private, though in public he's usually polite. 塞西尔在大庭广众中通常很有礼貌，但私下里却很粗鲁。用在此处，正符合句意。A. in person 亲自：He brought me the book in person. 他亲自给我送来这本书。C. by himself独自一人，独自地；强调不需要他人帮助，如He cooked the meal by himself. 他自己做了这顿饭。D. as individual作为个人而言，此词组并非固定搭配，类似的有as a student作为学生；as a physicist作为一名物理学家。
中石油职称英语大纲模拟题2
模拟试题二I. V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided to settle there___.A. in turnB. for goodC. as usualD. at most2. I am easily hurt because my feelings are very __.A. sensibleB. sensationalC. sensitiveD. sentimental3. A large sum of money has been raised for the __ of the poorly educated children in the mountainous districts.A. profitB. favorC. advantageD. benefit4. High speed aircraft is made of metals that can __ both high temperature and pressure.A. stand byB. put up withC. withholdD. withstand5. He failed again in the driving test. I don't know why __ he was so nervous.A. in the earthB. on the earthC. in earthD. on earth6. No one can behave ___, completely regardless of social conventions.A. at willB. at randomC. on purposeD. on easy7. The attack on Pearl Harbor __ the indignation of the whole nation.A. raisedB. roseC. arousedD. arose8. Eminent physicists from all over the world came to the U.S. to __ the centennial (一百周年) of Einstein's birth.A. congratulateB. applaudC. celebrateD. participate9. With the winter here you can __ these skirts till you need them again next summer.A. do away withB. put awayC. get rid ofD. give away10. In the bitter cold, the explorers managed to __ despite the shortage of food.A. liveB. surviveC. bear D, endure11. She was a simple, __ and hard-working woman.A. practicableB. favorableC. feasibleD. practical12. It is __ practice to bring a present to the hostess when one is invited to dinner.A. generalB. usualC. ordinaryD. common13. Mother hopes her son will __ doing anything rash.A. keep fromB. avoid fromC. ask fromD. protect from14. The Johnsons __ the house before they decided to buy it.A. looked outB. looked overC. looked afterD. looked on15. It was a long time before the cut on my hand __ completely.A. healedB. recoveredC. improvedD. cured16. They remained full of hope and determination __ their repeated failures.A. instead ofB. in search ofC. because ofD. in spite of17. I mistook you ___your brother.A. forB. asC. to beD. by18. ___to secret document is denied to all but few.A. AccessB. ApproachC. ContactD. Touch19. On Christmas Eve, we had several guests, who were ___friends of our daughter.A. almostB. mostlyC. mostD. nearly20. He has to make a living by himself because he doesn't have parents to __.A. keep onB. depend withC. rely onD. go toII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. So forcefully __ that we were all convinced.A. he did speakB. he spokeC. did he speakD. that he spoke22. It is human nature to think back to a Golden Age ___one's country was strong and respected.A. whenB. providedC. asD. unless23." ___them an inch, and they will ask for a mile." is just one of the wise sayings in the English language.A. GivingB. Given C, Give D. To give24. Isn't it lovely to think that I __ myself on the sunny beach tomorrow at this time.A. will enjoyB. am enjoyingC. will be enjoyingD. shall enjoy25. He always dreams of __ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.A. there beingB. there to beC. there isD. being26. I'd just as soon remind ___those important documents with you.A. that you won't takeB. your not takingC. please don't takeD. you didn't take27. The only thing __ really matters to the children is how soon they can return to their aunt and uncle's farm.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. this28. ___, the book has many mistakes.A. Having not been written carefullyB. Not writing carefullyC. Having written not carefullyD. Not having been written carefully29. I guess Jones didn't have a chance to win the election. __ the people in the city voted for his opponent.A. Most all ofB. Most of allC. Almost all ofD. Almost the whole of30. Susan must __ quite well on the exam since she seems so confident of passing.A. doB. have been doingC. be doneD. have done31. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to __ was eaten.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that32. How many times have I told you __ football on the street?A. do not playB. not to have playedC. not to playD. not your playing33. Never before that night ___the extent of my own power.A. had I feltB. I had feltC. did I feelD. I did felt34. The newly developing science of artificial intelligence aims at programming the computer to think, reason and react ___people do.A. by the same way asB. in much the same way thatC. with the same way asD. as much as the same way that35. Y our hair needed ___ ; I am glad you had it cut.A. cutB. cuttingC. to cutD. being cut36. I wish that he __ to the movies with me yesterday.A. wentB. could goC. was goneD. could have gone37. __ at the railway station when it began to rain.A. Hardly had he arrivedB. Hardly he had arrivedC. No sooner did he arriveD. No sooner arrived he38. __ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of vacation seems generous.A. Compared withB. ComparedC. Comparing withD. Comparing39. He is younger than___.A. any other boy in the classB. any boy in the classC. all boys in the classD. you and me as well as the class40. Y ou __ me because I didn't say that.A. must misunderstandB. must be misunderstandingC. must have misunderstoodD. had to misunderstandIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:According to the dictionary definition of "create", ordinary people are creative every day. To create means "to bring into being, to cause to exist"--something each of us does daily.We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sense to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. If we believe the expression, "There is nothing new under the sun," the creativity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph.A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day to day activities.41. The author holds that___.A. creativity is of highly demandB. creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extentC. creativity is to create something new and concreteD. to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one's creativity42. "There is nothing new under the sun." (Par. 3) really implies that __A. we can seldom create new thingsB. a new thing is only a taleC. a new thing can only be created at the basis of original thingsD. we can scarcely see really new things in the world43. What does the author think about the relationship between a new thought and its being put into practice?A. It's more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in practice.B. To find a new thought will definitely lead to the production of a new thing.C. One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.D. A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.44. The best title for this passage is __A. How to Cultivate One's CreativityB. What is CreativityC. The Importance of CreativityD. Creativity--a Not Farway ThingQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room, sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white--a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric.In their determination to read Dickinson's life in terms of a traditional romantic plot, biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life--her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce's 1976 play, the Belle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst soci ety in the 1850's transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affair, but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self sovereignty, carried on an argument with the puritan fathers, attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stem patriarchal God, and their rigid notions of "true womanhood".45. What's the author's main purpose in the passage?A. To interpret Emily Dickinson's eccentric behavior.B. To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson.C. To discuss Emily Dickinson's failed love affair.D. To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson's time.46. Which of the following is not mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson's eccentricities?A. Refusing to eat.B. Wearing only white.C. Avoiding visitors.D. Staying in her room.47. The author implies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to __.A. physical illnessB. a failed love affairC. religious fervorD. her dislike of people48. It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that was characterized by __.A. strong Puritan beliefsB. equality of men and womenC. the encouragement of nonconformityD. the appreciation of poetic creativityQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be "all things to all people". In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, "the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials (文凭) than in providing a quality education for their students." The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an "integrated core" of common learning. Such a core would introduce students "to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus."Although the key to a good college is a high quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: "Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most." Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicate themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that "There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications."49. The word "core" (lines 9, 1st paragraph) might mean___.A. aimB. unitC. centerD. course50. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that __.A. a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many collegesB. students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learnC. skills are being taught as a means to an endD. students are not interested in learning51. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year-degree candidates because___.A. most of them lack high quality facultiesB. students are becoming more and more lazyC. there are not enough incentives for students to study hardD. they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching52. It can be inferred from the passage that high quality college education calls for __.A. high quality facultiesB. a commitment to students and effective teachingC. the cultivation of students' interest in learningD. dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledgeQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Once upon a time, the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around. Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over. Plenty of space for parks and factories. Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow. But that was once upon a time. The days of unused land are over. Now the land has been spoken for, fencedoff, carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks, put to use.At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work and places to play. So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishers. And it isn't just a matter of population growth. Our modern technology has needs that must be met, too. We need more coal for energy, and we need more power plants; cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports. Each of these land uses swallows up precious space. Highways and expressways alone take some 200,000 acres each year. And urban sprawl -- the spreading out of cities -- is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2,000. But there is only so much land to go around. It is always hard to decide. Take, for example, a forest. A forest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for wildlife. It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection.53. "...the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around" means that __.A. the United States seemed to have vast land for its people to walk aroundB. the United States seemed to have enough land for sharing with everyoneC. the United States could provide whatever its inhabitants' needsD. the United States was not able to allow its people to do what they wanted to54. The sentence of "Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over" suggests that___.A, the United States had a lot of rivers to dam and many rural valleys, tooB. the rivers could be dammed laterC. rural valleys would be considered in the futureD. people needn't think of the rivers and valleys55. "Now the land has been spoken for, ..." tells us that __.A. today, land has shown its valuesB. now, people have said something about landC. nowadays, land has been claimed by human beingsD. recently, people spoke for the land56. The word "sprawl" indicates that___.A. cities are developing very fast to meet the people's demandsB. urban areas are diminishing smoothlyC. urban areas are enlarging steadily in a planned wayD. cities are spreading out without any plansQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes mor e readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies (一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.57. What kind of society tends to promote social changes?A. A society where people are similar in many ways.B. A society where there are only white people.C. A society where there are only black people.D. A society where there is a mixture of different kinds of people.58. Which of the following is not true, according to the passage?A. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.B. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were old.C. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to promote social change.D. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.59. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because___.A. people there are easy to pleaseB. people there are less argumentaryC. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to changeD. people there have same needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty60. The passage is mainly discussing___.A. two different societiesB. certain factors that determine the case with which social change occursC. the necessity of social changeD. the significance of social changeSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Y ou should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is 61 I became an animal collector in the first place. The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any 62 was not the conventional "mamma" or "daddy", 63 the word "zoo", which I would repeat over and over again with a shrill voice until someone, in group to 64 me up, would take me to the zoo. When I grew a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great 65 of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare-time exploring the countryside in search of fresh specimens to 66 to my collection of pets. later on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student 67 , to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches, which were not easy to keep at home~ When I left, I successfully had enough money of my own to be able to 68 my first trip and I have been going regularly ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of 69 , it is certainly a job which will appeal 70 all those who Jove animals and travel.61. A. how B. where C. when D. whether62. A. clarity B. emotion C. sentiment D. affection63. A. except B. but C. except for D. but for64. A. close B. shut C. stop D. comfort65. A. many B. amount C. number D. supply66. A. increase B. include C. add D. enrich67. A. attendant B. keeper C. member D. aide68. A. pay B. provide C. allow D. finance69. A. expectations B. sorrows C. excitement D. disappointments70. A. for B. with C. to D. fromIV. TranslationDirections: There is 1 passage in this part of the test. Y ou are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.71.Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude material is eventually converted into salable products with the desired qualities and, perhaps more important, in the amounts dictated by the market.In fact, a refinery is essentially a group of manufacturing plants that vary in number with the variety of products produced; refinery processes must be selected and products manufactured to give a balanced operation: that is, crude oil must be converted into products according to the rate of sale of each. For example, the manufacture of products from the lower boiling portion of petroleum automatically produces a certain amount of higher boiling components. If the latter cannot be sold as, say, heavy fuel oil, they accumulate until refinery storage facilities are full. To prevent the occurrence of such a situation, the refinery must be flexible and able to change operations as needed. This usually means more processes--a cracking process to change an excess of heavy fuel oil into more gasoline with coke as the residual product or a vacuum distillation process to separate the heavy oil into lubricating oil stocks and asphalt--to accommodate the ever-changing demands of the market.In addition, a complete refining installation must include the following: all necessary non-processing facilities; adequate tankage for storing crude oil, intermediate, and finished products; a dependable source of electrical power, material-handling equipment; workshops and supplies for maintaining a continuous 24 hour/day, 7 day/week operation; waste disposal and water-treating equipment; and product-blending facilities.翻译参考2013版文章24.蒸馏概述An Introduction to Distillation。
新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题(word版)
模拟试题五I. Vocabulary Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this pari. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.1.He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his _____ .A. wordB. wordsC. permissionD. saying2.After second thought, she ____ a better solution.A. came up withB. added up toC. put up withD. made up for3.The club has ______ a new rule allowing women to join.A. brought forthB. associated withC. turned overD. laid down4.The performance will begin ____ at eight thirty.A. preciselyB. consequentlyC. accordinglyD. exceedingly5.His joke went too far. It was more than I could ________ .A. get rid ofB. put up withC. keep up withD. do away with6.At the gathering, he talked_____ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits.A. in detailB. with easeC. on endD. in a confusing waywish my son would stop _________ a nd do something realistic.A. hanging aboutB. hanging onC. hanging upD. hanging off8.We all can’t ____ why she married a man like this.A. reason outB. figure outC. make believeD. take in9.John wants to dispose ____ his old car and buy a new one.A. onB. inC. ofD. to10.Ted agreed to ____ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.A. call outB. call toC. call offD. call onSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.11.Most high school students look up to the star player on the football team.A. envyB. respectC. trustD. pursue12.Mr. Jackson is considered a man of moderate view.A. modemB. stemC. reasonableD. predictable13.What guarantee do we have of this product's quality?A. possibilityB. knowledgeC. indicationD. assurance14.We thought Jane’s performance was particularly good.A. especiallyB. unbelievableC. necessarilyD. unexpectedly15.Everyone knows that the couple were reluctant to have their daughter marry Mr. Townsend.A. eagerB. pleasedC. unwillingD. disappointed16.Any theories must be modified to suit the facts, and not vice-versa.A. validatedB. betteredC. alteredD. fortified17.A red ruby laser will discharge a beam of coherent red light.A. containB. reflectC. change intoD. emit18.The 1906, San Francisco Earthquake, proved to be very fatal.A. shabbyB. messyC. disastrousD. constructive19.Few boxers have been as outstanding as the present heavyweight champion.A. powerfulB. handsomeC. excellentD. talkative20.The men are negotiating over the sale of the diamonds.A. arguingB. fightingC. thinkingD. bargainingII. Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.___ nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left theroom.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being22. ___ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit.A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because23.What’s the matter? I smell something _____ .A.bumB. bumsC. being burnedD. burning24.The car ____ seventy miles per hour until it reaches the riverside at about ten o'clock tonight.A. goesB. will goC. wentD. will be going25. I would rather ___ out to look for a job instead of moping around here everyday.A. to goB. goingC. wentD. go26.___ is still a controversial issue.A.If he is the right person for the jobB.That he is the right person for the jobC.Whether he is the right person for the jobD.He is the right person for the job27.Tom ___ my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.A. ought not have receivedB. shouldn’t have receivedC. has been receivedD. couldn't have received28.You'll soon get used to _____ a large breakfast in England.A. eatB. it that you eatC. eatingD. you eat29.1left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.A. didn’t leaveB. hadn’t leftC. haven’t leftD. couldn’t leave30.“How many from your class went abroad?” “_____ but one”.A. AnyB. SomeC. AllD. MostSection BDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B,C,and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.31.Faced with petroleum shortages in the 1970's, scientists and engineers in the United StatesAstepped up its efforts to develop more efficient heating systems and better insulation.B C D32.It is a phenomenon known as temperature inversion what causes the worst smog in placesA B Csuch as Los Angles.D33.Of all the software the consultants have looked at, the more powerful one is also the mostA BCDaccessible.34.The latest series of articles on trends and innovations have been praised by the readers.A BCD35.After the presentation of the developed specially program, the audience reacted positively andA B Cendorsed it immediately.D36.The inspector admitted to offer an estimate for the damage free of charge.A B C D37.New shopping mall is being planned for the residential area where new homes are being builtA B Cat a rapid rate.D38.The opinion holding by most investors is to buy now.A B CD39.Whether we make the trip or not, it will be advisable for us to be renewing our passportsA B Cas soon as possible in order to avoid any complications.D40.The only thing what really matters to the children is how soon they can return to theirA B Caunt and uncle’s farm.DIII． Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 41 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent style fits own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 42 , or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early isAmericans contribution to 43 music. In contrast to classical music, which follows formalEuropean traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 44 themoods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America, and45 it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music 46 .American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers .They were brought toSouthern States 47 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friend and relatives 48 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession .On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 49 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their relations ,but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 50 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to once. It was an early form of jazz.41. A. By B. At C. In D. On42. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed43. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light44. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating45. A. as B. so C. either D. neither46. A. concerned B .itself C. available D. oneself47. A. for B. as C. with D. by48. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed49. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But50. A. whistled B. sung c. presented D. showedIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. Tothem, however, the dispute between the' colonists and England was peripheral. For AmericanIndians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose, they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, theleader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson,Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king,George Ili. When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands andretreat to Canada. On the other side, Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokeenation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Creeks and as a reward for her heroism was made "Beloved Woman" of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women's council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the white settlers and supported thePatriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.51. What is the main point the author makes in the passage?A. Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.B. At the time of the Revolution the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.C. Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.D. The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women.52. The word "it" in line 4 refers to ~A. sideB. revolutionC. disputeD. independence53. How did Ward gain her position of authority?A. By bravery in battle.B. By marriage to a chief.C. By joining the confederacy.D. By being bom into a powerful family.54. According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward had in common?A. Each was called "Beloved Woman" by her tribe.B. Each influenced her tribe's role in the American Revolution.C. Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.D. Each went to England after the American Revolution.Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:More people than ever are drinking coffee these days--but in smaller quantities than theyused to. Some manufacturers of coffee makers are trying to take advantage of this trend bydeveloping diminutive machines that brew smaller amounts of coffee. Two US appliancecompanies-Black & Decker, based in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of Columbia,Missouri-have recently introduced "drip" coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings of coffee.Both of the products brew the coffee directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for a separate carafe. Since many people make a pot of coffee in the morning but drink only a single cup, the new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee. Black & Decker's Cup-at-a-Time costs $27, while Toastmaster's Coffee Break Retails for $20. Black & Decker also makes a coffee maker that drips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposed tokeep the coffee fresh for hours. The product, called the Thermal Carafe Coffee-maker, comes with abuilt-in lid that opens during the brewing process and close when it is completed. There are several models, including one that firs under the counter, ranging from $60 to $110 in price.55. The main purpose of the text is toA. introduce a new trend of drinking coffeeB. introduce new coffee makersC. introduce two . appliance companiesD. introduce the new coffee industry56. The advantage of "drip" coffee makers shown in the text is thatA. they are much more economicB. they can produce only one cupC. they are more convenient and easier to operateD. they are more economical57. According to the passage, a thermal carafe is necessary when the coffee isA. preservedB. producedC. manufacturedD. brewed58. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A. People used to drink coffee in larger quantities.B. It is essential to attach a separate carafe, while "drip" coffee makers are applied.C. People used to make a pot of coffee in the morning and drink it up.D. The new coffee makers usually cost less than before.Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster (1758- 1843). Born near Hartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English school books then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of such books as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simple books on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the first part was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during the next hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its author's attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary, and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the English language in his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special way and deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As he himself wrote," It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this 'country should have an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England...some differences exist .... No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country." By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundred years, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language, his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.59. Webster first tried to earn his living in the field ofA. educationB. journalismC. lawD. medicine60. Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a __A. teacherB. studentC. lawyerD. doctor61. This article could be entitledA. Noah Webster and American English SpellingB. Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English LanguageC. Noah WebsterD. Noah Webster and American English Grammar62. According to the article, Webster __A. had created American English and its usagesB. had discovered American English and improved itC. had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his countryD. had left a language which was not used in England.Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 B. C. A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine (血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bilewas choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates' fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity (遗传特征), the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.63. According to Hippocrates' fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be __A. optimisticB. easily angeredC. unexcitableD. pessimistic64. The main idea of this passage is about __A. the complicated factors in determining one's personalityB. Hippocrates' fluid theory and its developmentC. the past and today of personality classifications and theoriesD. different personalities and their details65. At present, psychologists __A. have common opinion about personality theories and classificationsB. use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theoriesC. have abandoned Hippocrates' fluid theory entirelyD. all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities66. According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to classify personality areA. one's born features and needs of love and successB. one's height and weightC. one's hobbies and idealsD. the environment and intelligenceSection BDirections: You should answer Questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.Talking PointLearning a second language fuels children’s intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. But the fact is, in New Zealand, as in many other English-speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the minority. Eighty-four per cent of New Zealanders are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who claim to speak two or more languages - a small percentage of whom were born in New Zealand.No matter how proud people arc of their cultural roots, to speak anything other than English is a marker of difference here. That’s why eight-year-old Tiffany Dvorak no longer wishes to speak her mother-tongue, German, and eight-year-old Ani Powell is embarrassed when people comment on the fact that she is able to speak Maori (新西兰毛利人的毛利语>.A s Joanne Powell, Ani’s mother, points out: “In Europe, it’s not unusual for kids to be bilingual. But, if you speak another language to your children in New Zealand, there are some people who think that you are not helping them to become a member of society.”But in fact, the general agreement among experts is that learning a second language is good for children. Experts believe that bilinguals - people who speak two languages - have a clear learning advantage over their monolingual schoolmates. This depends on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, so it doesn’t matter whether they arc learning Maori or German or Chinese or any other language.Cathie Elder, a professor of Language Teaching and Learning at Auckland University, says: “A lot of studies have shown that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more slowly, but in the end they do as well as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better, in other subjects. The view is that there is an improvement in general intelligence from the effort of learning another language.”Dr Brigitte Halford, a professor of linguistics at Freiburg University in Germany, agrees. “Bilinguals lend to use language better as a whole,” she says. “They also display greater creativity and problem-solving ability, and they learn further languages more easily.”So with all of the benefits, why do we not show more enthusiasm for learning other languages? Parentsand teachers involved in bilingual education say pressure from friends at school, general attitudes to other languages in English-speaking countries, and problems in the school system arc to blame.In New Zealand, immigrants face the possibility of culture being lost along with the language their children no long er wish to speak. Tiffany’s mother, Susanne Dvorak, has experienced this. When she and husband Dieter left Germany six years ago to start up a new life in New Zealand, they thought it would be the perfect opportunity to raise their two-year-old as a bilingual. After all, bilingual Turkish families in Germany were normal and Susanne had read all the books she could find on the subject.The idea was to have home as a German language environment and for Tiffany to learn English at nursery school. But when Tiffany went to nursery school she stopped talking completely. She was quiet for about two or three months. Then, when she took up talking again, it was only in English. Concerned for her language development, Dieter started speaking English to his daughter while Susanne continued in German.Today, when Susanne speaks to her daughter in German, she still answers in English. “Or sometimes she speaks half and half. I checked with her teacher and she very seldom mixes up German and English at school. She speaks En glish like a New Zealander. It’s her German that’s behind，” says Susanne.Professor Halford, also a mother of two bilingual children, says, “It’s normal for kids to refuse to speak their home language at the stage when they start to socialise with other ki ds in kindergarten or school”. But, she says, this depends a lot on the attitudes of the societies in question. In monolingual societies, like New Zealand, “kids want to be like all the others and sometimes use bilingualism as one of the battlefields for f inding their own identity in contrast to that of their parents.”She supports Susanne’s approach of not pressuring her daughter. “"Never force the child to use a specific language, just keep using it yourself. The child will accept that. There is often a time when children or teenagers will need to establish their own identity as different from their schoolmates and they may use their other language to do so.”Cathie Elder thinks immigrant parents should only speak English to their children if they are able to use English well themselves. “What parents should do is provide rich language experiences for their children in whatever language they speak well. They may feel like outsiders and want to speak the local language, but it is more important for the child's language development to provide a lot of language experience in any language.”There can be differences between children in attitudes to learning languages. Susanne Dvorak’s two-year-old son, Danyon， is already showing signs of speaking German and English equally well. While her “ideal” scenario hasn’t happened with Tiffany, she is aware that her daughter has a certain bilingual ability which, although mainly passive at this stage, may develop later on.Joanne Powell feels the same way about her daughter, Ani. “At the moment she may not want to speak Maori but that’s okay because she’ll pick it up again in her own time. It’s more important that she has the ability to understand who sheis. By learning another language she can open the door to anot her culture.”Donna Chan, 25，a marketing specialist for IBM, arrived here with her parents from Hong Kong when she was four. She also remembers refusing to speak Chinese when she started primary school. But now she appreciates she had the chance to be bili ngual. “It’s quite beneficial speaking another language in my job. Last year, my company sent me to a trade fair in Hong Kong because I could speak Chinese. Being bilingual definitely opens d o o r s，” she says.Questions 67-69Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage? For questions 67-69, chooseA.if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)B.if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)C.if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)67.Most New Zealanders believe it is good to teach children a second language.68.Chinese is the most common foreign language in New Zealand.69.Some languages develop your intelligence more than others. .Questions 70-74Look at the following statements (Questions 70-74) and the list of people below.Match each statement with the correct person, A-E.Choose the correct letter, A-E, for questions 70-74 and mark your answer on the answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.70.Children learning two languages may learn one language faster.71.It has been unexpectedly difficult to raise a bilingual child in New Zealand.72.Children’s attitudes to language depend on general social attitudes.73.Learning a second language provides opportunities to learn another culture.74.Speaking a second language provides work opportunities.Question 75Choose TWO letters, A-F.Choose the correct letters for question 75 and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 75. Which TWO people stopped speaking one language as a child?A.Donna ChanB.Susanne DvorakC.Tiffany DvorakD.Cathie ElderE.Brigitte HalfordF.Joanne Powell。
新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题
~模拟试题四~ I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.I.I’m afraid taking a part time job might _ my time for study.A. cut offB. cut intoC. cut downD. cut away2.1 ____ several interesting facts about Mexico in that book.A. came toB. came intoC. came overD. came across3.You can’t see through a telescope unless it is ____ correctly to your sight.A. adaptedB. adoptedC. adjustedD. accustomed4.Our company decided to ____ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A. destroyB. refuseC. assumeD. cancel5.The father lost his ____ just because his son failed again in the final exam.A. mindB. moodC. passionD. temper6.He has never felt himself so powerfully ____ to the scientific ideal.A. interestedB. absorbedC. confidentD. attracted7.Craing assured his boss that he would _____ a ll his energies in doing this new job.A. call forthB. call atC. call onD. call off8.Who is ____ personnel at present?A. in the charge ofB. under charge ofC. under the charge ofD. in charge of9.Safety devices ____ in preventing accidents in the workshop.A. assistB. assureC. assembleD. contribute10.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ____ loud continuous noise.A. subjected toB. filled withC. associated withD. attached toSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.11. Today’s class has already been called off.A. revisedB. canceledC. completedD. announced12. Robert was regarded as a profound thinker by his friends.A. a deepB. a lazyC. a carefulD. an original13.Diana Spencer consented to many Prince Charles in 1981.A. vowedB. agreedC. engagedD. betokened14.The Hope Diamond has a beautiful blue color, and is completely without flaws.A. mistakesB. defectsC. dotsD. trademarks15.T he ultimate goal for all mountain climbers is to scale the summit of Mr. Everest.A. greatestB. potentialC. ambitiousD. distant16.The old woman is too feeble to cross the street without her nephew’s help.A. tiredB. weakC. timidD. blind17.T here is no alternative: the President must approve the bill if Congress passes it.A. chance of agreementB. doubtC. other choiceD. mistake18.The horse finally came to a halt on the very rim of the cliff.A. topB. edgeC. sloptD. base19.His face was flushed because he had run all the way from the dormitory.A. redB. shakingC. paleD. wet20.The versatility function of a computer is limited only by human imagination.A. multipleB. artificialC. mechanicalD. automaticII ? Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.It was urgent that he __ her immediately.A. callsB. calledC. callD. would call22.The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, ___ killed him several years ago.A. the effects of whichB. the effects of itC. finallyD. that23. __ ，it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a eraser.A. Hard a diamond isB. Hard as a diamond isC. As a diamond is hardD. How hard is a diamond24.In order to be a good scientist, _A. mathematics is vitalB. one must master mathematicsC. mathematics is important to understandD. one to understand mathematics25.Like the old, __ respected in our country.A. the female isB. a female isC. the female areD. female is26. __ bricks, workers press clay into blocks and bake them to the requisite hardness in a kiln.A. MadeB. To makeC. Being madeD. The making of27. __ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peaceA. WalkingB. When one is walkingC. If walkingD. When walking28.When you ___ the test, check your papers before you hand them in.A. will finishB. are finishingC. will have finishedD. have finished29.This candidate has far more chances of winning the election than ___ recommended by the organizer.A. thatB. the oneC. whomD. one30.If you ____ my advice， you your failure now. You __ your victory.A.took ... wouldn't cry over... would celebrateB.had taken ... wouldn't have cried over... would have celebratedC.had taken ... aren't crying over... are celebratingD.had taken ... wouldn't be crying over... would be celebratingSection BDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.31.Alaska’s vast areas of untamed wilderness attracts many people who enjoy the outdoors.ABC D32.If you have just recently purchased a home or are considering to refinance your home, takeA B Cadvantage of our low rates.D33.The most popular suggestion with the office workers is that all smokers could go outsideA B Cto smoke.D34.Book where visitors sign in is kept at the front desk.A B C D'35.The director felt more positive steps should be taken before last night’s meeting to ensureA B Cjob security.D36.The idea that experience was worth more then education was not unanimously accepted.A BCD37.Mrs. Pham wanted to know when was the last staff meeting so she could plan the next one.A B CD38.Engineers and scientists have had no trouble finding high-level, high-paying positionsA B Cwho have experience.D39.We can supplement our own ideas with information and data gathering from our reading,A B Cour observation, and so forth.D40.To read Tolstoy and being introduced to the nineteenth-century Russian literature are twoA B Cexcellent reasons for taking Professor Morrel’s course.DIII. Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the answer sheetShopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20thcentury. 41 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street wasalways in the heart of a town. This street was lined on both sides with many various businesses.Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. .42 , some shops offered services. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 43 . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too fewparkingplaces were 44 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look withinterest at the open spaces 45 the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customersneeded. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shoppingcentres, or rather malls, 46 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded citycentres. 47 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from downtownareas to outlying malls. And the growing 48 of shopping centres led in turn to the buildingof bigger and better stocked stores. 49 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almostdeveloped into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 50 of one stop shopping,malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoorentertainment.41. A. As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier42. A. Apart from B. However C. In addition D. As well43. A. be taking place B. take place C. be taken place D. have taken place44. A. available for B. available to C. used by D. ready for45. A. over B. from C. out of D. outside46. A. started B. founded C. set up D. organized47. A. Attracted B. Surprised C. Delighted D. Enjoyed48. A. distinction B. fame C. popularity D. liking49. A. By B. During C. In D. Towards50. A. cheapness B. readiness C. convenience D. handinessIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry--we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice (同谋).If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess (委婉之处), from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, orattempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty two chapters of a novel--if we consider how to read a novel first--are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled asa building but words are more impalpable than bricks, reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficultiesof words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you--how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the toneof the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.51. What does the author mean by saying "Yet few people ask from books what books can give us"?A. The author means that lots of people read few books.B. The author thinks that readers have only absorbed part of knowledge in books.C. The author holds that few people have a proper idea about what content some kind ofbooks should include.D. The author considers that readers can scarcely understand most of the books.52. According to the passage, which of the following statement is right?A. A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.B. The more difficult a book is, the more you can get from it.C. To read something is easier than to watch something.D. One should be in the same track with the writer when he is reading.53. What is the possible meaning of "impalpable" (Paragraph 2) in the passage?A. Clear.B. Elusive.C. Delicate.D. Precise.54. What's the main idea of this passage?A. The importance of reading.B. The proper way to read.C. How to get most from one book.D. The characters of a good book.Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:It isn't often that an entire industry is symbolized in the figure of a single human being, and such is the case with Canadian aviation and the aircraft industry. The man is the Hon. John A. D. McCurdy, and the life story of this still vigorous, distinguished Canadian is at once and at the same time the thrilling history of aviation's progress in Canada.It all began one cold February day in 1909 at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, when John McCurdy confounded the critics by flying the Silver Dart, an aircraft designed by himself, for half a mile over the ice of Bras deor Lakes. This was the first powered flight in Canada and the first by a British subject in the Commonwealth. McCurdy gave proof of his flying ability--and of the development and the use of the aileron--by being the first man in the world to execute a figure eight in the air. He became the first to pilot a flying boat, taking off from Long Island Sound. He flew the first airplane to Mexico. In 1911 he had made the longest flight to date, and that over open sea 90 miles from Key West to Havana. He won the first cross country race in Canada 40 miles from Hamilton to Toronto--and he transmitted the first radio message from aircraft.When World War ]I came, McCurdy took on board supervisory authority for Canadian aircraft production by serving with the government in various senior positions. Following World War 11, McCurdy was honored by being made lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia where hemade Canada's first historic flight. He now lives in Montreal with a summer home in Baddeck, site of his first flight.55. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about McCurdy?A. He was a Canadian.B. He is regarded as the symbol of Canadian aviation and aircraft industry.C. He is the first man to finish a figure eight in the air.D. He now lives in Baddeck.56. The "Silver Dart" isA. the name of a weaponB. a plane bought by McCurdyC. the nickname of a famous Canadian pilotD. a plane designed by McCurdy57. McCurdy is NOT the first one to __A. fly in CanadaB. pilot a flying boatC. fly from Key West to TorontoD. fly to Mexico58. Nowadays, McCurdy __A. lives in Montreal in summerB. is the lieutenant governor of Nova ScotiaC. is still very active and energeticD. is the government's counselorQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:The U.S. birthrate began to decline in the middle 1950's, resulting in a smaller college age population starting in the middle 1970's. S4 Something else happened in the 1970's: the price of oil increased tremendously, driving up the price of almost everything and making Americans aware that their large automobiles used a lot of gasoline. At the same time, foreign car manufacturers had begun to produce small fuel efficient cars in large quantities for the export market. ~Suddenly, the large, gas guzzling American cars were no longer attractive to American buyers, who began buying foreign cars by the thousands. The American automobile industry went into a recession. Thousands of automotive workers were laid off, as were thousands of people in industries indirectly connected with the auto industry. People who are laid off tend to keep what money they have for necessities, like food and housing. They do not have the extra money needed to send their children to college. Their children cannot pay their own college costs, because during a recession they cannot find jobs. High unemployment means that more state funds must be used for social service--unemployment benefits and to aid dependent children, for example--than during more prosperous times. It also means, that the states have fewer funds than usual, because people are paying fewer taxes. Institutions of higher education depend on two major sources ofincome to keep them functioning: tuition from students and funds from the states. At the present time, there are fewer students than in the past and fewer state funds available for higher education. The colleges and universities are in trouble.59. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The rising of oil price drove up the price of everything.B. There were many reasons why higher education was in trouble in the 1970's.C. Birthrate began to decline in the USA in 1950's.D. High unemployment caused a lot of social problems.60. The phrase "laid off' can best be replaced by which of the following?A. Poor.B. Got rid of.C. Removed.D. Unemployed.61. American cars were not popular in their domestic markets because they wereA. smallB. gas consumingC. fuel efficientD. not attractive62. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT __A. Young people couldn't afford their own tuition in the 1970'sB. It's difficult for graduates from colleges to find a job in the 1970'sC. Fewer parents could afford to send their children to college because of the recession in1970'sD. Birthrate dropped in the 1970's because of the recessionQuestions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grainbecause he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"--string of alphabetic or numerical characters--ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.63. Which of the following is true about memory?A. It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.B. It is based on the decisions we made in the past.C. It is rooted in our past habits and skills.D. It connects our past experiences with the present.64. According to the passage, memory is helpful in one's life in the following aspects EXCEPT thatA. it involves a change in one's behaviorB. it keeps information for later useC. it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD. it enables one to remember events that happened in the past65. What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the author?A. It can be expanded by language.B. It can remember all the combined words.C. It may keep all the information in the past.D. It may change what has been stored in it.66. Human beings make themselves different from other animals byA. having the ability to perceive dangerB. having a far greater memory capacityC. having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD. having the ability to draw on past experiencesSection BDirections: You should answer Questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.Population movements and genetics1.Study of the origins and distribution of human populations used to be based onarchaeological and fossil evidence. A number of techniques developed since the 1950s, however, have placed the study of these subjects on a sounder and more objective footing. The best information on early population movements is now being obtained from the “archaeology of the living body”, the clues to be found in genetic material.2.Recent work on the problem of when people first entered the Americas is an exampleof the value of these new techniques. North-east Asia and Siberia have long been accepted as the launching ground for the first human colonisers of the New World. Butwas there one major wave of migration across the Bering Strait into the Americas, or several? And when did this event, or events, take place? In recent years, new clues have come from research into genetics, including the distribution of genetic markers in modem Native Americans.3.An important project, led by the biological anthropologist Robert Williams, focused onthe variants (called Gm allotypes) of one particular protein - immunoglobin G - found in the fluid portion of human blood. All proteins “drift”， or produce variants, over the generations, and members of an interbreeding human population will share a set of such variants. Thus, by comparing the Gm allotypes of two different populations (e.g. two Indian tribes), one can establish their genetic “distance”，which itself can be calibrated to give an indication of the length of time since these populations last interbred.4.Williams and his colleagues sampled the blood of over 5,000 American Indians inwestern North America during a twenty-year period. They found that their Gm allotypes could bedivided into two groups, one of which also corresponded to the genetic typing of Central and South American Indians. Other tests showed that the Inuit (or Eskimo) and Aleut formed a third group. From this evidence it was deduced that there had been three major waves of migration across the Bering Strait. The first, Paleo-Indian, wave more than 15,000 years ago was ancestral to all Central and South American Indians. The second wave, about 14,000 -12,000 years ago, brought Na-Dene hunters, ancestors of the Navajo and Apache (who only migrated south from Canada about 600 or 700 years ago). The third wave, perhaps 10,000 or 9,000 years ago, saw the migration from North-east Asia of groups ancestral to the modem Eskimo and Aleut.5.How far does other research support these conclusions? Geneticist Douglas Wallacehas studied mitochondrial DNA in blood samples from three widely separated Native American groups: Pima-Papago Indians in Arizona, Maya Indians on the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, and Ticuna Indians in the Upper Amazon region of Brazil. As would have been predicted by Robert Williams's work, all three groups appear to be descended from the same ancestral (Paleo-Indian) population.6.There are two other kinds of research that have thrown some light on the origins of theNative American population; they involve the study of teeth and of languages. The biological anthropologist Christy Turner is an expert in the analysis of changing physical characteristics in human teeth. He argues that tooth crowns and roots have a high genetic component, minimally affected by environmental and other factors.Studies carried out by Turner of many thousands of New and Old World specimens, both ancient and modem, suggest that the majority of prehistoric Americans are linked to Northern Asian populations by crown and root traits such as incisor shoveling (ascooping out on one or both surfaces of the tooth), single-rooted upper first premolars and triple-rooted lower first molars. According to Turner, this ties in with the idea of a single Paleo-lndian migration out of North Asia, which he sets at before 14,000 years ago by calibrating rates of dental micro-evolution. Tooth analyses also suggest that there were two later migrations of Na-Denes and Eskimo-Aleut.7.The linguist Joseph Greenberg has, since the 1950s, argued that all Native Americanlanguages belong to a single “Amerind” family, except for Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut - a view that gives credence to the idea of three main migrations. Greenberg is in a minority among fellow linguists, most of whom favour the notion of a great many waves of migration to account for the more than 1,000 languages spoken at one time by American Indians. But there is no doubt that the new genetic and dental evidence provides strong backing for Greenberg’s view. Dates given for the migrations should nevertheless be treated with caution, except where supported by hard archaeological evidence.Questions 67-72This passage has seven sections. 1-7.Choose the correct headings for sections 1-7 from the list of headings below. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.List of HeadingsA.The results of the research into blood-variantsB.Dental evidenceC.Greenberg’s analysis of the dental and linguistic evidenceD.Developments in the methods used to study early population movementsF.Further genetic evidence relating to the three-wave theoryG.Long-standing questions about prehistoric migration to AmericaH.How analysis of blood-variants measures the closeness of the relationshipbetween different populationsI.Conflicting views of the three-wave theory, based on non-genetic evidence67.Section 168.Section 269.Section 370.Section 471.Section 572.Section 6Example AnswerSection 7 IQuestions 73-74This passage refers to the three-wave theory of early migration to the Americas. It also suggests in which of these three waves the ancestors of various groups of modern nativeAmericans first reached the continent.Classify the groups named in the table below as originating fromA.the first waveB.the second waveC.the third waveChoose the correct letter. A, B or C, for questions 73-74 and mark your answer on theQuestion 75Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 75. Christy Turner's research involved the examination ofA.teeth from both prehistoric and modem americans and Asians.B.thousands of people who live in either the New or the Old World.C.dental specimens from the majority of prehistoric Americans.D.the eating habits of American and Asian populations.。
中石油职称英语考试大纲模拟试题一审批稿
中石油职称英语考试大纲模拟试题一YKK standardization office【 YKK5AB- YKK08- YKK2C- YKK18】模拟试题一I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.1.I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ____ whatcolor it was.A. make outB. look toC. look outD. take in2.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been____A. imposedB. exposedC. composedD. opposed3.You should these tables and buy new ones.A. throw offB. throw downC. throw upD. throw away4.__ ____ their suggestions， we will discuss them fully at the nextmeeting.A. In regard forB. In regard toC. With regard ofD. Regardless for5.On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ____eye.A. nakedB. bareC. fleshD. pure6.Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with auniversity education.A. opportunitiesB. necessitiesC. probabilitiesD.realities7.I found myself completely ____ by his vivid performance.A. carried outB. carried offC. carried awayD.carried on8.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, hissuccess ____ him in his later study.A. persuadedB. promisedC. urgedD.encouraged9.This is the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. by no meansD. for no reason10.The taxi had to because the traffic light had turnedred.A. set upB. catch upC. shut upD. pull upSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.-11.The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away.A. almostB. essentiallyC. alwaysD. convenientlyhollow space humans have under their chins.A. attractionB. dangerC. comfortD. differencehuman thought process.A. substituteB. assumeC. projectD. reflectdwellings.A. intellectualsB. rentersC. colonizersD. contractors15.Buddhist monks claim to detach their minds from their bodies.A. separateB. attachC. deliverD. detainA. metB. sawC. helpedD. surprisedHe paid almost $ for a vacuum cleaner.A. deceivedB. incitedC. implicatedD. saturatedA. singB. rewriteC. introduceD. practiceA. angerB. biasC. rudenessD. action20.A. feedB. touchC. angerD. chaseII. Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.___________ So frightened in darkness that she did not dare tomove an inch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girlwas22._ ___you may be right, I can’t altogether agree.A. AsB. WhileC. IfD. Since23.—I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like ___.—I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You’d better at home.A. to throw up ... to catB. throwing up ... eatingC. to throw up ... catD. throwing up... cat24. His response was that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.A. soB. whichC. whatD. such25. I have not found my book yet. I’m not sure ____I could have donewith it.A. whetherB. whatC. whyD. where26. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he ___ it.A. never have believedB. never did believeC. could never believeD. would never have believed27.I _______________________________________ wish Bill would drive us tothe train station but he has _____________ ____ to take us all.A. very small a carB. too small a carC. a too small carD. such a small car28.___ the building for stolen goods, the police found twenty machineguns.A. SearchingB. Being searchingC. SearchedD. To search29.Close the door, ?30.A. will youB. do youC. shall youD. don’t you31.The storm _ ，they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hutB. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hutD. being destroyedDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.most prominent in theA B C DUnited States for the past eight years.A B Cstationed.Doutright; thus more peopleA B CDA B CDwaking hours.III． Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengthsand weaknesses. Success or 41 in your work would depend, to a great extent, 42 yourability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. Of the utmost importance isyour attitude. A person 43 begins a job convinced that lie isn't going to like it or is sure that heis going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, aperson who is secure 44 his belief that he is probably as capable of doing the work as anyoneelse and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt by it possesses a certain strength of purpose.The chances are that he will do well.45 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviouslya weakness. A book keeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw ishopeless cases.This book has been designed to help you capitalize 46 the strength and overcome the47 that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you mustfirst take stock of where you stand now. 48 we get further along in thebook, we'll be dealingin some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening49 skills. However, tobegin with, you should pause to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas thatare critical to your success or failure in school: your 50 , yourreading and communicationskills, and your study habits.41. A. improvement B. victory C. failureD. achievement42. A. in B. on C. ofD. to43. A. who B. what C. thatD. which44. A. onto B. on C. offD. in45. A. Have B. Had C. HavingD. Had been46. A. except B. but C. forD. on47. A. idea B. weakness C. strengthD. advantage48. A. as B. till C. overD. out49. A. learnt B. learned C. learningD. learn50. A. intelligence B. work C. attitudeD. weaknessIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage isfollowed by 4 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break up of the family occurs when the parents divorce, A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Childrenblame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parentsmust care for the children's emotional and psychological needs whilealso supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent's own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.51. To parents who take the responsibility for children's expenses, the cost of living increasesbecauseA. children attend school for more yearsB. children are better dressedC. children spend more money on entertainmentD. all of the above52. What problems would broken families bring to both children and parents?A. Children grow up feeling unsettled and parents didn't pay much attention to children.B. Children grow up feeling free and one parent is responsible for raising the children.C. Children are moved back and forth between parents and the single parent is busy workingto make money to support himself/herself.D. Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents havelittle time for his/her owninterests because one parent is too busy taking care of children.53. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may __A. become worseB. remain the sameC. get betterD. keep unchanged54. The title of the article might be __A. American ChildrenB. American FamiliesC. American MotherD. American ParentsQuestions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinesestudents or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted theprofessor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not asaggressive as American students.I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar (讨论会). The professor didn't actas an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questionstogether with the students. One linguistic (语言的) feature of his interacting with his students wasthat he used many modal (情态的) verbs--far more than I did in Beiwai. When answeringquestions, he usually said, "This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong." or "You could beright, but you might find this point of view also interesting." In China, authorities are alwayssupposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore, students always expect theprofessor to give an answer to the question, i still remember how frustrated they were whenforeign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are muchhigher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sureabout it.Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taughtin our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the sameidea in their English composition. The examinations in America usually do not test a student'sability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education inAmerica is valued not only as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancingcritical thinking.55. In the USA, when the students are in class, __A. a Chinese student tends to be very activeB. an American student likes to make troubleC. a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacherD. an American student tends to be vigorous56. A teacher in the USA prefers to __ when he answers questions.A. be very sincereB. be very directC. be very self-confidentD. be very indifferent57. What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teaching methods betweenChina and the USA?A. He thinks that Chinese teaching methods can make students learn more.B. He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to improve students'remembrance.C. He thinks that American teaching is ability oriented.D. He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.58. The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the teacher is __A. more intimate in ChinaB. closer in ChinaC. looser in USAD. more harmonious in USAQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minuteslater, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radiobegins to transmit an astonishing amount of information about the satellite's orbital path, theamount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races backto the earth. No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember andorganize them. But an electronic computer can. The marvel of the machine age, the electroniccomputer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations--add, subtract, multiplyand divide--with lighting speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 timesfaster than any person can.Once it is given a "program" -- that is, a carefully worked out set of instructions devised bya technician trained in computer language -- a computer can gather a wide range of information formany purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depth of theocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of salestrends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keepbank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, thecomputer will find out what to take and what space is available.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered andcan pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high powered "memory"machine that "has all the answers"--or almost all. Besides gathering and storing information, thecomputer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do. At timescomputers seem almost human. They can "read" hand printed letters, play chess, compose music,write plays and even design other computers. Is it any wonder that they are sometimes called"thinking" machines?Even though they are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our ownbrains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brain has more than 10 million cells. Acomputer has only a few hundred thousand parts. For some time to come, then, we can safely saythat our brains are at least 10, 000 times more complex than a computer. How we use them is forus, not the computer, to decide.59. "Program" means __A. a plan of what is to be doneB. a complete show on a TV station at a fixed time tableC. a scheduled performanceD. series of coded instructions to control the operations of a computer60. The computer is a high powered "memory" machine, which __A. has all the ready answers -- or almost all to any questionsB. can remember everythingC. can store everything and work for youD. has all the answers -- or almost to all the information that has been stored61. "Thinking" machines suggest that __A. they can "read" hand printed letters etcB. they really can think and do many other jobsC. they even design other computersD. they can't think, but can do something under human control62. Can computers do whatever they want to do WhyA. Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.B. No, because they normally have a few hundred thousand parts.C. No, because human brains are at least 10000 times more complex than any computers.D. No, because how a computer works is decided by human.Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of hugeindustrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning becauseeverything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the mostdangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactlywhat raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these rawmaterials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. Thisplant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber aswell.Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating therubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will passthrough sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed;then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids;after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish willpass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will thenbe sorted out in the final stage.The first full scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with thegrowing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced tobuild their own recycling plants before long.63. The main purpose of the passage is __A. to show us a future way of recycling wastesB. to tell the importance of recycling wastesC. to warn people the danger of some wastesD. to introduce a new recycling plant64. How many stages are there in the recycling process?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.65. What is the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. It's a good way to gain profits.C. It's more economical than to dump wastes in some distant places.D. Energy can be got at a lower price.66. Which of the following statements is true?A. The word "rubbish" will soon disappear from dictionaries.B. Dangerous wastes can be recycled into nothing but energy.C. To recycle paper and rubber will still be impossible even with the new recycling methods.D. Big cities will soon have their own recycling plants.Section BDirections: You should answer questions 67-75 which are based on thefollowing passages. Markyour answer on the answer sheet.The Motor CarA There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world and thenumber is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.B While emissions from new cars are far less harmful than they used tobe, city streets and motorways are becoming more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concentration of vehicles makes air qualityin urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe. Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals afflicted by congestion and traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard.C Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, thedistance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. In the United Kingdom, about 90 per cent of inland freight is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of transporting people and goods?D In Europe most cities arc still designed for the old modes oftransport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other social effectshave been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.E A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environmentfound that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats，depletion of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.F Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase thefuel efficiency of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars arc preferred bycustomers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use i彡 increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.G One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solutionof designing cities and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary - all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. Notonly would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars. Good local government is already bringing this about in some places. But few democratic communities are blessed with the vision - and the capital - to make such profound changes in modem lifestyles.H A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transitsystems for travel into and around cities, with small “low emission” cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean bum cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use.Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable - and made more feasible by modem computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate. Questions 67-72This passage has eight paragraphs labelled A-H. Which paragraphs concentrate on the followinginformation Choose the correct letter A-H for questions 67-72 and mark your answer on theanswer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.67. a comparison of past and present transportation methods68. how driving habits contribute to road problems69. the relative merits of cars and public transport70. the writer's own prediction of future solutions71. the increasing use of motor vehicles72. the impact of the car on city developmentQuestions 73-75Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage For questions73-75, chooseA.if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)B.if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)C.if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this(NOT GIVEN)73. Vehicle pollution is worse in European cities than anywhere else.74. Technology alone cannot solve the problem of vehicle pollution.75. Redesigning cities would be a short-term solution.。
中石油职称英语中石油职称英语考试卷模拟考试题.docx
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1、<p> German, spoken by just over 100 million people, is one of the world ’s ten-largest languages （）population.<br /> </p>（ ） A.inplaceof B.bymeansof C.intermsof D.bywayof2、The Chinese nation has （） significantly to the progress of human civilization.（ ）A.relatedB.contributedC.owedD.attached3、The bees （）out o ftheir hive.（ ） A.flocked B.swarmed C.packed D.crowded4、I was exhausted when I reached home, and I flung myself down on the front steps to （）.（ ） A.discover B.recover C.dissolve D.retreat姓名：________________ 班级：________________ 学号：________________--------------------密----------------------------------封 ----------------------------------------------线-------------------------5、（） all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.（）A.InsteadofB.InspiteofC.InsearchofD.Becauseof6、The first step is to （） your problem and go to work on it.（）A.recognizeB.revengeC.recollectD.receive7、1 （） into the dark, sure that I would finally reach the hospital.（）A.workoutB.setoutC.makeoutD.putout8、I believe in the （） worth of the individual and in his right to hfe, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.（）A.superiorB.surplusC.supremeD.suppress9、There is one suggestion that the footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could （） energy.（）A.assembleB.gatherC.generateD.yield10、It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much （） will be needed（）A.matterB.thingsC.materialD.substance11、We go out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we （）a movie.（）A.takeinB.keepdownC.takeoverD.takeafter12、The speaker is the person who （） a speech transaction.（）A.initialB.initiatesC.initiativesD.initiation13、The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being （） continuously; even as we speak submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.（）A.rehearsed B.revised C.renewed D.retiled14、The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for no extra（）.（）A.expandB.offerC.priceD.charge15、A professional degree will （） an average annual income of about twice that of college graduates.（）A.feellikeB.resultinC.holdonD.keepto16、A green building is （） to have reduced its environmental impact by 60% compared with an equivalent conventional building.（）A.established B.estimated puted D.counter17、If you do not know the subject, you will not understand what is said or written, even if English is your mother （） what is said or written.（）A.speakingnguageC.sayingD.tongue18、Scientists are （） about the formation of coal.（）A.confidentialB.conferC.confidentD.conform19、Purchasing the new production line will be a （） deal for the corporation.（）A.profitableB.tremendousC.forcefulD.favorite20、He felt a bit （） because her life seemed completely out of balance.（）A.depressedB.suppressC.thoughtfulD.weakness21、Some people wait for （） to come knocking. Some people sought it out.（）A.necessityB.opportunityC.realityD.probability22、If things are going badly, the optimist acts quickly, looking for （）and forming a new plan of action.（）A.resultB.solutionsC.responseD.settlement23、Plants use the carbon, along with sunlight, for growth, and （）oxygen into the atmosphere in a process known as photosynthesis.（）A.relieveB.relateC.releaseD.retain24、We all gather facts and （） conclusions, but we have very different styles of thinking.（）A.pullB.drawC.takeD.receive25、Alberta （） fourth in population among Canadian provinces.（）A.ranksB.occupiesC.arrangesD.classifies26、In a given month, Friday is the 21st day of the month. What day of the week was the 5th of the month? （）（）A.MondayB.ThursdayC.SaturdayD.Wednesday27、Love can （） imperfection.（）A.resistB.sustainC.undergoD.tolerate28、Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names （）.（）A.whichindicatedtheircharacterpropertiesB.whosecharacteristicpropertiesareindicatingC.whatcharacterizetheirindicatedpropertiesD.thatindicatetheircharacteristicproperties29、（），he had to leave school.（）A.Sincehisfather’sunemploymentB.SincehisfatherwasunemployedC.HisfatherwasunemploymentD.Becauseofhisfatherwasunemployment30、（）astrology and alchemy may be regarded as fundamental aspects of thought is indicated by their apparent universality.（）A.Bothare B.Whatboth C.Both D.Thatboth。
中石油职称英语大纲模拟题2
模拟试题二I. V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided to settle there___.A. in turnB. for goodC. as usualD. at most2. I am easily hurt because my feelings are very __.A. sensibleB. sensationalC. sensitiveD. sentimental3. A large sum of money has been raised for the __ of the poorly educated children in the mountainous districts.A. profitB. favorC. advantageD. benefit4. High speed aircraft is made of metals that can __ both high temperature and pressure.A. stand byB. put up withC. withholdD. withstand5. He failed again in the driving test. I don't know why __ he was so nervous.A. in the earthB. on the earthC. in earthD. on earth6. No one can behave ___, completely regardless of social conventions.A. at willB. at randomC. on purposeD. on easy7. The attack on Pearl Harbor __ the indignation of the whole nation.A. raisedB. roseC. arousedD. arose8. Eminent physicists from all over the world came to the U.S. to __ the centennial (一百周年) of Einstein's birth.A. congratulateB. applaudC. celebrateD. participate9. With the winter here you can __ these skirts till you need them again next summer.A. do away withB. put awayC. get rid ofD. give away10. In the bitter cold, the explorers managed to __ despite the shortage of food.A. liveB. surviveC. bear D, endure11. She was a simple, __ and hard-working woman.A. practicableB. favorableC. feasibleD. practical12. It is __ practice to bring a present to the hostess when one is invited to dinner.A. generalB. usualC. ordinaryD. common13. Mother hopes her son will __ doing anything rash.A. keep fromB. avoid fromC. ask fromD. protect from14. The Johnsons __ the house before they decided to buy it.A. looked outB. looked overC. looked afterD. looked on15. It was a long time before the cut on my hand __ completely.A. healedB. recoveredC. improvedD. cured16. They remained full of hope and determination __ their repeated failures.A. instead ofB. in search ofC. because ofD. in spite of17. I mistook you ___your brother.A. forB. asC. to beD. by18. ___to secret document is denied to all but few.A. AccessB. ApproachC. ContactD. Touch19. On Christmas Eve, we had several guests, who were ___friends of our daughter.A. almostB. mostlyC. mostD. nearly20. He has to make a living by himself because he doesn't have parents to __.A. keep onB. depend withC. rely onD. go toII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. So forcefully __ that we were all convinced.A. he did speakB. he spokeC. did he speakD. that he spoke22. It is human nature to think back to a Golden Age ___one's country was strong and respected.A. whenB. providedC. asD. unless23." ___them an inch, and they will ask for a mile." is just one of the wise sayings in the English language.A. GivingB. Given C, Give D. To give24. Isn't it lovely to think that I __ myself on the sunny beach tomorrow at this time.A. will enjoyB. am enjoyingC. will be enjoyingD. shall enjoy25. He always dreams of __ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.A. there beingB. there to beC. there isD. being26. I'd just as soon remind ___those important documents with you.A. that you won't takeB. your not takingC. please don't takeD. you didn't take27. The only thing __ really matters to the children is how soon they can return to their aunt and uncle's farm.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. this28. ___, the book has many mistakes.A. Having not been written carefullyB. Not writing carefullyC. Having written not carefullyD. Not having been written carefully29. I guess Jones didn't have a chance to win the election. __ the people in the city voted for his opponent.A. Most all ofB. Most of allC. Almost all ofD. Almost the whole of30. Susan must __ quite well on the exam since she seems so confident of passing.A. doB. have been doingC. be doneD. have done31. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to __ was eaten.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that32. How many times have I told you __ football on the street?A. do not playB. not to have playedC. not to playD. not your playing33. Never before that night ___the extent of my own power.A. had I feltB. I had feltC. did I feelD. I did felt34. The newly developing science of artificial intelligence aims at programming the computer to think, reason and react ___people do.A. by the same way asB. in much the same way thatC. with the same way asD. as much as the same way that35. Your hair needed ___ ; I am glad you had it cut.A. cutB. cuttingC. to cutD. being cut36. I wish that he __ to the movies with me yesterday.A. wentB. could goC. was goneD. could have gone37. __ at the railway station when it began to rain.A. Hardly had he arrivedB. Hardly he had arrivedC. No sooner did he arriveD. No sooner arrived he38. __ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of vacation seems generous.A. Compared withB. ComparedC. Comparing withD. Comparing39. He is younger than___.A. any other boy in the classB. any boy in the classC. all boys in the classD. you and me as well as the class40. You __ me because I didn't say that.A. must misunderstandB. must be misunderstandingC. must have misunderstoodD. had to misunderstandIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:According to the dictionary definition of "create", ordinary people are creative every day. To create means "to bring into being, to cause to exist"--something each of us does daily.We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sense to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. If we believe the expression, "There is nothing new under the sun," the creativity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph.A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day to day activities.41. The author holds that___.A. creativity is of highly demandB. creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extentC. creativity is to create something new and concreteD. to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one's creativity42. "There is nothing new under the sun." (Par. 3) really implies that __A. we can seldom create new thingsB. a new thing is only a taleC. a new thing can only be created at the basis of original thingsD. we can scarcely see really new things in the world43. What does the author think about the relationship between a new thought and its being put into practice?A. It's more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in practice.B. To find a new thought will definitely lead to the production of a new thing.C. One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.D. A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.44. The best title for this passage is __A. How to Cultivate One's CreativityB. What is CreativityC. The Importance of CreativityD. Creativity--a Not Farway ThingQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room, sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white--a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric.In their determination to read Dickinson's life in terms of a traditional romantic plot, biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life--her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce's 1976 play, the Belle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the 1850's transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affair, but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self sovereignty, carried on an argument with the puritan fathers, attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stem patriarchal God, and their rigid notions of "true womanhood".45. What's the author's main purpose in the passage?A. To interpret Emily Dickinson's eccentric behavior.B. To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson.C. To discuss Emily Dickinson's failed love affair.D. To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson's time.46. Which of the following is not mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson's eccentricities?A. Refusing to eat.B. Wearing only white.C. Avoiding visitors.D. Staying in her room.47. The author implies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to __.A. physical illnessB. a failed love affairC. religious fervorD. her dislike of people48. It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that was characterized by __.A. strong Puritan beliefsB. equality of men and womenC. the encouragement of nonconformityD. the appreciation of poetic creativityQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be "all things to all people". In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, "the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials (文凭) than in providing a quality education for their students." The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an "integrated core" of common learning. Such a core would introduce students "to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus."Although the key to a good college is a high quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: "Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most." Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicate themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that "There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications."49. The word "core" (lines 9, 1st paragraph) might mean___.A. aimB. unitC. centerD. course50. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that __.A. a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many collegesB. students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learnC. skills are being taught as a means to an endD. students are not interested in learning51. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year-degree candidates because___.A. most of them lack high quality facultiesB. students are becoming more and more lazyC. there are not enough incentives for students to study hardD. they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching52. It can be inferred from the passage that high quality college education calls for __.A. high quality facultiesB. a commitment to students and effective teachingC. the cultivation of students' interest in learningD. dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledgeQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Once upon a time, the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around. Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over. Plenty of space for parks and factories. Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow. But that was once upon a time. The days of unused land are over. Now the land has been spoken for, fenced off, carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks, put to use.At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work and places to play. So we needmore sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishers. And it isn't just a matter of population growth. Our modern technology has needs that must be met, too. We need more coal for energy, and we need more power plants; cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports. Each of these land uses swallows up precious space. Highways and expressways alone take some 200,000 acres each year. And urban sprawl -- the spreading out of cities -- is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2,000. But there is only so much land to go around. It is always hard to decide. Take, for example, a forest. A forest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for wildlife. It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection.53. "...the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around" means that __.A. the United States seemed to have vast land for its people to walk aroundB. the United States seemed to have enough land for sharing with everyoneC. the United States could provide whatever its inhabitants' needsD. the United States was not able to allow its people to do what they wanted to54. The sentence of "Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over" suggests that___.A, the United States had a lot of rivers to dam and many rural valleys, tooB. the rivers could be dammed laterC. rural valleys would be considered in the futureD. people needn't think of the rivers and valleys55. "Now the land has been spoken for, ..." tells us that __.A. today, land has shown its valuesB. now, people have said something about landC. nowadays, land has been claimed by human beingsD. recently, people spoke for the land56. The word "sprawl" indicates that___.A. cities are developing very fast to meet the people's demandsB. urban areas are diminishing smoothlyC. urban areas are enlarging steadily in a planned wayD. cities are spreading out without any plansQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies (一分为二). This is one reason why change has not comemore quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.57. What kind of society tends to promote social changes?A. A society where people are similar in many ways.B. A society where there are only white people.C. A society where there are only black people.D. A society where there is a mixture of different kinds of people.58. Which of the following is not true, according to the passage?A. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.B. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were old.C. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to promote social change.D. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.59. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because___.A. people there are easy to pleaseB. people there are less argumentaryC. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to changeD. people there have same needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty60. The passage is mainly discussing___.A. two different societiesB. certain factors that determine the case with which social change occursC. the necessity of social changeD. the significance of social changeSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark youranswer on the Answer Sheet.Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is 61 I became an animal collector in the first place. The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any 62 was not the conventional "mamma" or "daddy", 63 the word "zoo", which I would repeat over and over again with a shrill voice until someone, in group to 64 me up, would take me to the zoo. When I grew a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great 65 of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare-time exploring the countryside in search of fresh specimens to 66 to my collection of pets. later on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student 67 , to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches, which were not easy to keep at home~ When I left, I successfully had enough money of my own to be able to 68 my first trip and I have been going regularly ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of 69, it is certainly a job which will appeal 70 all those who Jove animals and travel.61. A. how B. where C. when D. whether62. A. clarity B. emotion C. sentiment D. affection63. A. except B. but C. except for D. but for64. A. close B. shut C. stop D. comfort65. A. many B. amount C. number D. supply66. A. increase B. include C. add D. enrich67. A. attendant B. keeper C. member D. aide68. A. pay B. provide C. allow D. finance69. A. expectations B. sorrows C. excitement D. disappointments70. A. for B. with C. to D. fromIV. TranslationDirections: There is 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages intoChinese on your Answer Sheet.71.Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude material is,~ 295eventually converted into salable products with the desired qualities and, perhaps more important, in the amounts dictated by the market.In fact, a refinery is essentially a group of manufacturing plants that vary in number with the variety of products produced; refinery processes must be selected and products manufactured to give a balanced operation: that is, crude oil must be converted into products according to the rate of sale of each. For example, the manufacture of products from the lower boiling portion of petroleum automatically produces a certain amount of higher boiling components. If the latter cannot be sold as, say, heavy fuel oil, they accumulate until refinery storage facilities are full. To prevent the occurrence of such a situation, the refinery must be flexible and able to change operations as needed. This usually means more processes--a cracking process to change an excess of heavy fuel oil into more gasoline with coke as the residual product or a vacuum distillation process to separate the heavy oil into lubricating oil stocks and asphalt--to accommodate the ever-changing demands of the market.In addition, a complete refining installation must include the following: all necessarynon-processing facilities; adequate tankage for storing crude oil, intermediate, and finished products; a dependable source of electrical power, material-handling equipment; workshops and supplies for maintaining a continuous 24 hour/day, 7 day/week operation; waste disposal and water-treating equipment; and product-blending facilities.模拟试题二参考答案及部分试题答案解析一、答案I. Vocabulary1-20 BCDDD ACCBB DDABA DAABCII. Grammatical Structure21-40 CACCA DADCD CCABB DAAACIII. Reading Comprehension41-60 BCCBA ABACA DBBAC DDBCB61-70 AABBC CDDDCIV. Translation翻译答案略，请参考2004年版通用英语选读相关课文。
中石油职称英语考试大纲模拟试题四
~模拟试题四~I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.I.I’m afraid taking a part time job might _ my time for study.A. cut offB. cut intoC. cut downD. cut away______ several interesting facts about Mexico in that book.A. came toB. came intoC. came overD. came across3.You can’t see through a telescope unless it is correctly to your sight.A. adaptedB. adoptedC. adjustedD. accustomed4.Our company decided to the contract because a number of the conditions in it had notbeen met.A. destroyB. refuseC. assumeD. cancel5.The father lost his just because his son failed again in the final exam.A. mindB. moodC. passionD. temper6.He has never felt himself so powerfully to the scientific ideal.A. interestedB. absorbedC. confidentD. attracted7.Craing assured his boss that he would all his energies in doing this new job.A. call forthB. call atC. call onD. call off8.Who is __ personnel at present?A. in the charge ofB. under charge ofC. under the charge ofD. in charge of9.Safety devices in preventing accidents in the workshop.A. assistB. assureC. assembleD. contribute10.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is loud continuous noise.A. subjected toB. filled withC. associated withD. attached toSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.11. Today’s class has already been called off.A. revisedB. canceledC. completedD. announced12. Robert was regarded as a profound thinker by his friends.A. a deepB. a lazyC. a carefulD. an original13.D iana Spencer consented to many Prince Charles in 1981.A. vowedB. agreedC. engagedD. betokened14.T he Hope Diamond has a beautiful blue color, and is completely without flaws.A. mistakesB. defectsC. dotsD. trademarks15.T he ultimate goal for all mountain climbers is to scale the summit of Mr. Everest.A. greatestB. potentialC. ambitiousD. distant16.T he old woman is too feeble to cross the street without her nephew’s help.A. tiredB. weakC. timidD. blind17.T here is no alternative: the President must approve the bill if Congress passes it.A. chance of agreementB. doubtC. other choiceD. mistake18.T he horse finally came to a halt on the very rim of the cliff.A. topB. edgeC. sloptD. base19.H is face was flushed because he had run all the way from the dormitory.A. redB. shakingC. paleD. wet20.The versatility function of a computer is limited only by human imagination.A. multipleB. artificialC. mechanicalD. automaticII ? Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.It was urgent that he her immediately.A. callsB. calledC. callD. would call22.The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, ___ killed him several years ago.A. the effects of whichB. the effects of itC. finallyD. that23. _ ，it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a eraser.A. Hard a diamond isB. Hard as a diamond isC. As a diamond is hardD. How hard is a diamond24.In order to be a good scientist,A. mathematics is vitalB. one must master mathematicsC. mathematics is important to understandD. one to understandmathematics25.Like the old, respected in our country.A. the female isB. a female isC. the female areD. female is26. __ bricks, workers press clay into blocks and bake them to the requisite hardness in a kiln.A. MadeB. To makeC. Being madeD. The making of27. __ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peaceA. WalkingB. When one is walkingC. If walkingD. When walking28.When you __ the test, check your papers before you hand them in.A. will finishB. are finishingC. will have finishedD. have finished29.This candidate has far more chances of winning the election than___ recommended by the organizer.A. thatB. the oneC. whomD. one30.If you ____ my advice， you ______________ your failure now. You your victory.A.took ... wouldn't cry over... would celebrateB.had taken ... wouldn't have cried over... would have celebratedC.had taken ... aren't crying over... are celebratingD.had taken ... wouldn't be crying over... would be celebrating Section BDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.31.Alaska’s vast areas o f untamed wilderness attracts many people who enjoy the outdoors.Engineers and scientists have had no trouble findinghigh-level, high-paying positionsexcellent reasons for taking Professor Morrel’s course.DIII. Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the answer sheetShopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20thcentury. 41 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street wasalways in the heart of a town. This street was lined on both sides with many various businesses.Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture,hardware, groceries. .42 , some shops offered services. These shops included drugstores,restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a changebegan to 43 . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parkingplaces were 44 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look withinterest at the open spaces 45 the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customersneeded. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shoppingcentres, or rather malls, 46 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded citycentres. 47 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from downtownareas to outlying malls. And the growing 48 of shopping centres led in turn to the buildingof bigger and better stocked stores. 49 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almostdeveloped into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 50 of one stop shopping,malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoorentertainment.41. A. As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier42. A. Apart from B. However C. In additionD. As well43. A. be taking place B. take place C. be taken placeD. have taken place44. A. available for B. available to C. used byD. ready for45. A. over B. from C. out ofD. outside46. A. started B. founded C. set upD. organized47. A. Attracted B. Surprised C. DelightedD. Enjoyed48. A. distinction B. fame C. popularityD. liking49. A. By B. During C. InD. Towards50. A. cheapness B. readiness C. convenience D. handinessIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry--weshould separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few peopleask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred anddivided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biographythat it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish allsuch preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to yourauthor; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice (同谋).If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from gettingthe fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible,then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess (委婉之处), from the twist and turn of the firstsentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself inthis, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, orattempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty two chapters of a novel--if weconsider how to read a novel first--are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled asa building but words are more impalpable than bricks, reading is a longer and more complicatedprocess than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist isdoing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficultiesof words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you--how at the corner ofthe street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the toneof the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained inthat moment.51. What does the author mean by saying "Yet few people ask from books what books can give us"?A. The author means that lots of people read few books.B. The author thinks that readers have only absorbed part of knowledge in books.C. The author holds that few people have a proper idea about what content some kind ofbooks should include.D. The author considers that readers can scarcely understand most of the books.52. According to the passage, which of the following statement is right?A. A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.B. The more difficult a book is, the more you can get from it.C. To read something is easier than to watch something.D. One should be in the same track with the writer when he is reading.53. What is the possible meaning of "impalpable" (Paragraph 2) in the passage?A. Clear.B. Elusive.C. Delicate.D. Precise.54. What's the main idea of this passage?A. The importance of reading.B. The proper way to read.C. How to get most from one book.D. The characters of a good book. Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:It isn't often that an entire industry is symbolized in the figure of a single human being, andsuch is the case with Canadian aviation and the aircraft industry. The man is the Hon. John A. D.McCurdy, and the life story of this still vigorous, distinguished Canadian is at once and at thesame time the thrilling history of aviation's progress in Canada.It all began one cold February day in 1909 at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, when John McCurdyconfounded the critics by flying the Silver Dart, an aircraft designed by himself, for half a mileover the ice of Bras deor Lakes. This was the first powered flight in Canada and the first by aBritish subject in the Commonwealth. McCurdy gave proof of his flying ability--andof thedevelopment and the use of the aileron--by being the first man in the world to execute a figureeight in the air. He became the first to pilot a flying boat, taking off from Long Island Sound. Heflew the first airplane to Mexico. In 1911 he had made the longest flight to date, and that overopen sea 90 miles from Key West to Havana. He won the first cross country race in Canada 40miles from Hamilton to Toronto--and he transmitted the first radio message from aircraft.When World War ]I came, McCurdy took on board supervisory authority for Canadianaircraft production by serving with the government in various senior positions. Following WorldWar 11, McCurdy was honored by being made lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia where hemade Canada's first historic flight. He now lives in Montreal with a summer home in Baddeck,site of his first flight.55. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about McCurdy?A. He was a Canadian.B. He is regarded as the symbol of Canadian aviation and aircraft industry.C. He is the first man to finish a figure eight in the air.D. He now lives in Baddeck.56. The "Silver Dart" isA. the name of a weaponB. a plane bought by McCurdyC. the nickname of a famous Canadian pilotD. a plane designed by McCurdy57. McCurdy is NOT the first one to __A. fly in CanadaB. pilot a flying boatC. fly from Key West to TorontoD. fly to Mexico58. Nowadays, McCurdy __A. lives in Montreal in summerB. is the lieutenant governor of Nova ScotiaC. is still very active and energeticD. is the government's counselorQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:The . birthrate began to decline in the middle 1950's, resulting in a smaller college agepopulation starting in the middle 1970's. S4 Something else happened in the 1970's: the price ofoil increased tremendously, driving up the price of almost everything and making Americansaware that their large automobiles used a lot of gasoline. At the same time, foreigncarmanufacturers had begun to produce small fuel efficient cars in large quantities for the exportmarket. ~Suddenly, the large, gas guzzling American cars were no longer attractive to Americanbuyers, who began buying foreign cars by the thousands. The American automobile industry wentinto a recession. Thousands of automotive workers were laid off, as were thousands of people inindustries indirectly connected with the auto industry. People who are laid off tend to keep whatmoney they have for necessities, like food and housing. They do not have the extra money neededto send their children to college. Their children cannot pay their own college costs, because duringa recession they cannot find jobs. High unemployment means that more state funds must be usedfor social service--unemployment benefits and to aid dependent children, for example--thanduring more prosperous times. It also means, that the states have fewer funds than usual, becausepeople are paying fewer taxes. Institutions of higher education depend on two major sources ofincome to keep them functioning: tuition from students and funds from the states. At the presenttime, there are fewer students than in the past and fewer state funds available for higher education.The colleges and universities are in trouble.59. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The rising of oil price drove up the price of everything.B. There were many reasons why higher education was in trouble in the 1970's.C. Birthrate began to decline in the USA in 1950's.D. High unemployment caused a lot of social problems.60. The phrase "laid off' can best be replaced by which of the following?A. Poor.B. Got rid of.C. Removed.D. Unemployed.61. American cars were not popular in their domestic markets because they wereA. smallB. gas consumingC. fuel efficientD. not attractive62. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT __A. Young people couldn't afford their own tuition in the 1970'sB. It's difficult for graduates from colleges to find a job in the 1970'sC. Fewer parents could afford to send their children to college because of the recession in1970'sD. Birthrate dropped in the 1970's because of the recessionQuestions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousandsof everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skillsare to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includesnot only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change inthe way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grainbecause he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects andmachines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interestingto compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instantaccess memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"--string of alphabetic ornumerical characters--ready for instant use. An average . teenager probably recognizes themeaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount ofinformation that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and placesthat the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But whilelanguage greatly expands the number and kind of things a person can remember, it also requires ahuge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apartfrom other animals.63. Which of the following is true about memory?A. It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.B. It is based on the decisions we made in the past.C. It is rooted in our past habits and skills.D. It connects our past experiences with the present.64. According to the passage, memory is helpful in one's life in the following aspects EXCEPTthatA. it involves a change in one's behaviorB. it keeps information for later useC. it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD. it enables one to remember events that happened in the past65. What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the author?A. It can be expanded by language.B. It can remember all the combined words.C. It may keep all the information in the past.D. It may change what has been stored in it.66. Human beings make themselves different from other animals byA. having the ability to perceive dangerB. having a far greater memory capacityC. having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD. having the ability to draw on past experiencesSection BDirections: You should answer Questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.Population movements and genetics1.Study of the origins and distribution of human populations used to bebased on archaeological and fossil evidence. A number of techniques developed since the 1950s, however, have placed the study of these subjects on a sounder and more objective footing. The best information on early population movements is now being obtained from the “archaeology of the living body”, the clues to be found in genetic material.2.Recent work on the problem of when people first entered the Americasis an example of the value of these new techniques. North-east Asia and Siberia have long been accepted as the launching ground for the first human colonisers of the New World. But was there one major wave of migration across the Bering Strait into the Americas, or several? And when did this event, or events, take place? In recent years, new clues have come from research into genetics, including the distribution of genetic markers in modem Native Americans.3.An important project, led by the biological anthropologist RobertWilliams, focused on the variants (called Gm allotypes) of one particular protein - immunoglobin G - found in the fluid portion of human blood. All proteins “drift”，or produce variants, over the generations, and members of an interbreeding human population will sharea set of such variants. Thus, by comparing the Gm allotypes of twodifferent populations . two Indian tribes), one can establish their genetic “distance”，which itself can be calibrated to give an indication of the length of time since these populations last interbred.4.Williams and his colleagues sampled the blood of over 5,000 AmericanIndians in western North America during a twenty-year period. They found that their Gm allotypes could bedivided into two groups, one of which also corresponded to the genetic typing of Central and South American Indians. Other tests showed thatthe Inuit (or Eskimo) and Aleut formed a third group. From this evidence it was deduced that there had been three major waves of migration across the Bering Strait. The first, Paleo-Indian, wave more than 15,000 years ago was ancestral to all Central and South American Indians. The second wave, about 14,000 -12,000 years ago, brought Na-Dene hunters, ancestors of the Navajo and Apache (who only migrated south from Canada about 600 or 700 years ago). The third wave, perhaps 10,000 or 9,000 years ago, saw the migration from North-east Asia of groups ancestral to the modem Eskimo and Aleut.5.How far does other research support these conclusions? GeneticistDouglas Wallace has studied mitochondrial DNA in blood samples from three widely separated Native American groups: Pima-Papago Indians in Arizona, Maya Indians on the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, and Ticuna Indians in the Upper Amazon region of Brazil. As would have been predicted by Robert Williams's work, all three groups appear to be descended from the same ancestral (Paleo-Indian) population.6.There are two other kinds of research that have thrown some light on theorigins of the Native American population; they involve the study of teeth and of languages. The biological anthropologist Christy Turner is an expert in the analysis of changing physical characteristics in humanteeth. He argues that tooth crowns and roots have a high genetic component, minimally affected by environmental and other factors. Studies carried out by Turner of many thousands of New and Old World specimens, both ancient and modem, suggest that the majority of prehistoric Americans are linked to Northern Asian populations by crown and root traits such as incisor shoveling (a scooping out on one or both surfaces of the tooth), single-rooted upper first premolars and triple-rooted lower first molars.According to Turner, this ties in with the idea of a single Paleo-lndian migration out of North Asia, which he sets at before 14,000 years ago by calibrating rates of dental micro-evolution. Tooth analyses also suggest that there were two later migrations of Na-Denes and Eskimo-Aleut.7.The linguist Joseph Greenberg has, since the 1950s, argued that allNative American languages belong to a single “Amerind” family, except for Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut - a view that gives credence to the idea of three main migrations. Greenberg is in a minority among fellow linguists, most of whom favour the notion of a great many waves of migration to account for the more than 1,000 languages spoken at one time by American Indians. But there is no doubt that the new genetic and dental evidence provides strong backing for Greenberg’s view. Dates given for the migrations should nevertheless be treated with caution, except wheresupported by hard archaeological evidence.Questions 67-72This passage has seven sections. the correct headings for sections 1-7 from the list of headings below. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.List of HeadingsA.The results of the research into blood-variantsB.Dental evidenceC.Greenberg’s analysis of the dental and linguistic evidenceD.Developments in the methods used to study early populationmovementsF. E. Indian migration from Canada to the genetic evidence relatingto the three-wave theoryG.Long-standing questions about prehistoric migration to AmericaH.How analysis of blood-variants measures the closeness of therelationship between different populationsI.Conflicting views of the three-wave theory, based on non-geneticevidence67.Section 168.Section 269.Section 370.Section 471.Section 572.Section 6Example AnswerSection 7 IQuestions 73-74This passage refers to the three-wave theory of early migration to the Americas. It also suggests in which of these three waves the ancestors of various groups of modern native Americans first reached the continent. Classify the groups named in the table below as originating fromA.the first waveB.the second waveC.the third waveChoose the correct letter. A, B or C, for questions 73-74 and mark your answer on the answer sheet.Question 75Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 75. Christy Turner's research involved the examination ofA.teeth from both prehistoric and modem americans and Asians.B.thousands of people who live in either the New or the Old World.C.dental specimens from the majority of prehistoric Americans.D.the eating habits of American and Asian populations.。
中石油职称英语大纲模拟试题5及答案教学提纲
学习-----好资料模拟试题五I. V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his __A. wordB. wordsC. permissionD. saying2. After second thought, she a better solution.A. came up withB. added up toC. put up withD. made up for3. The club has ~ a new rule allowing women to join.A. brought forthB. associated withC. turned overD. laid down4. The performance will begin __ at eight thirty.A. preciselyB. consequentlyC. accordinglyD. exceedingly5. It's very discourteous to __ during some one's conversation.A. inspectB. interruptC. interfereD. instruct6. His joke went too far. It was more than 1 could __A. get rid ofB. put up withC. keep up withD. do away with7. Will all those the proposal raise their hands?A. in relation toB. in excess ofC. in contrast toD. in favor of8. At the gathering, he talked __ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits.A. in detailB. with easeC. on endD. in a confusing way9. We cannot always the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.A. hang onB. count onC. hold onD. come on10. I don't want to you in if you are what you say.A. runB. catchC. makeD. take11. Mr. Brown is a old man and all his neighbors are __ to him.A. respectful...respectableB. respectable...respectiveC. respectable...respectfulD. respective...respectable12. I wish my son would stop __ and do something realistic.A. hanging aboutB. hanging onC. hanging upD. hanging off13. There are some flowers on the desk.A. artificialB. falseC. unrealD. untrue14. We all can't __ why she married a man like this.A. reason outB. figure outC. make believeD. take in15. John wants to dispose his old car and buy a new one.A. onB. inC. ofD. to16. He slept in the __ of the trees on such a hot day.A. shadeB. shelterC. shadowD. shield17. Ted agreed to __ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.A. call outB. call toC. call offD. call on18.We are not to veto(:~,~__) our own proposals.A. likelyB. possibleC. probableD. potential19. He agreed with the plan in , but thought that in practice it would not work.更多精品文档．学习-----好资料A. attitudeB. approachC. viewpointD. principle20. The conversation was so interesting that we were __ of the lateness of the hour.A. negligibleB. inattentiveC. irrelevantD. obliviousII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being22. It was urgent that he __ her immediately.A. callsB. calledC. callD. would call23. the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit.A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because24. What's the matter? I smell something __A. bumB. bumsC. being burnedD. burning25. Mathematics as well as other subjects __ a science.A. wasB. isC. areD. belong to26. he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods.A. GivingB. Given thatC. Giving thatD. To give that27. It was during the 1920's __ the friendship between Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. after28. dwell on her past.A. Little need sheB. Little did she needC. Little she neededD. Little she did need29. a fine day, I decided to go for an outing.A. BeingB. Having beenC. It beingD. How30. The car seventy miles per hour until it reaches the riverside at about ten o'clock tonight.A. goesB. will goC. wentD. will be going31. Many a time __ not to play with fire but he turns a deaf ear to the warnings.A. the child being toldB. the child has been toldC. has been told the childD. has the child been told32. I would rather out to look for a job instead of moping around here everyday.A. to goB. goingC. wentD. go33. is still a controversial issue.A. If he is the right person for the jobB. That he is the right person for the jobC. Whether he is the right person for the jobD. He is the right person for the job34. Tom __ my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.A. ought not have receivedB. shouldn't have receivedC. has been receivedD. couldn't have received35. You'll soon get used to __ a large breakfast in England.A. eatB. it that you eatC. eatingD. you eat36. I left very early last night, but I wish I __ so early.A. didn't leaveB. hadn't leftC. haven't leftD. couldn't leave更多精品文档．学习-----好资料37. The cottage will be cold. Make sure __ the heater.A. you lightB. for lightingC. lightingD. you'll light38. How many from your class went abroad? .... but one.A. AnyB. SomeC. AllD. Most39. Heating into the students' dormitories now.A. is puttingB. is being putC. is been putD. has been putting40.He has got himself into a dangerous situation .~ he has no control.A. becauseB. asC. over thatD. over which1II. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. To them, however, the dispute between the' colonists and England was peripheral. For American Indians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose, they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, the leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king, George Ili. When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada. On the other side, Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee nation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Creeks and as a reward for her heroism was made Beloved Woman of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women's council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the white settlers and supportedthe Patriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.41. What is the main point the author makes in the passage?A. Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.B. At the time of the Revolution the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.C. Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.D. The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women.42. The word it in line 4 refers to ~A. sideB. revolutionC. disputeD. independence43. How did Ward gain her position of authority?A. By bravery in battle.B. By marriage to a chief.C. By joining the confederacy.D. By being bom into a powerful family.44. According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward had in common?A. Each was called Beloved Woman by her tribe.B. Each influenced her tribe's role in the American Revolution.C. Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.D. Each went to England after the American Revolution.Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:More people than ever are drinking coffee these days--but in smaller quantities than they used to. Some manufacturers of coffee makers are trying to take advantage of this trend by developing diminutive machines that 更多精品文档．学习-----好资料brew smaller amounts of coffee. Two US appliance companies-Black & Decker, based in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of Columbia, Missouri-have recently introduced drip coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings of coffee. Both of the products brew the coffee directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for a separate carafe. Since many people make a pot of coffee in the morning but drink only a single cup, the new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee. Black & Decker's Cup-at-a-Time costs $27, while Toastmaster's Coffee Break Retails for $20. Black & Decker also makes a coffee maker that drips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposed to keep the coffee fresh for hours. The product, called the Thermal Carafe Coffee-maker, comes with a built-in lid that opens during the brewing process and close when it is completed. There are several models, including one that firs under the counter, ranging from $60 to $110 in price.45. The main purpose of the text is toA. introduce a new trend of drinking coffeeB. introduce new coffee makersC. introduce two U.S. appliance companiesD. introduce the new coffee industry46. The advantage of drip coffee makers shown in the text is thatA. they are much more economicB. they can produce only one cupC. they are more convenient and easier to operateD. they are more economical47. According to the passage, a thermal carafe is necessary when the coffee isA. preservedB. producedC. manufacturedD. brewed48. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A. People used to drink coffee in larger quantities.B. It is essential to attach a separate carafe, while drip coffee makers are applied.C. People used to make a pot of coffee in the morning and drink it up.D. The new coffee makers usually cost less than before.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster (1758- 1843). Born near Hartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English school books then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of such books as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simple books on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the first part was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during the next hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy,Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its author's attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary, and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the English language in his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special way and deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As he himself wrote, It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this 'country should have an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same 更多精品文档．学习-----好资料as in England...some differences exist .... No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country. By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundred years, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language, his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.49. Webster first tried to earn his living in the field ofA. educationB. journalismC. lawD. medicine50. Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a __A. teacherB. studentC. lawyerD. doctor51. This article could be entitledA. Noah Webster and American English SpellingB. Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English LanguageC. Noah WebsterD. Noah Webster and American English Grammar52. According to the article, Webster __A. had created American English and its usagesB. had discovered American English and improved itC. had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his countryD. had left a language which was not used in England.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Albert Schweitzer was born in 1875 in Alsace. At that time, it was a part of Germany. His generous spirit was first awakened through his training as a Lutheran minister. Besides gaining a reputation as a preacher, he also became respected for his ability to play the organ. He was a man of many talents. His concern for other people turned his attention to medicine. He had also acquired doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. ,His wife took an interest in medicine too and became a nurse. Many people thought that he should remain and lecture in Europe to have a strong impact on Western civilization. Though he listened to their suggestions, he ultimately decided to follow his own conscience. This led him to Africa. Albert had felt that all men should accept the responsibility of helping others. He felt particularly concerned for black Africans who had been exploited by white men. He earned the money he needed by performing on the organ and by lecturing. With this money he bought equipment and opened a hospital in Africa. He was a man of great strength who faced great problems with courage. The threat of war, the reality of imprisonment during World War, one as a German citizen, and the unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all. He believed that man could overcome these obstacles if he had a sense of idealism. He died in1965.53. He had talents forA. training his wife to be a nurse, giving concert and lecturingB. giving medical care, lecturing, playing the organC. taking care of sick people, fighting as a soldier, lecturingD. giving concert, making equipment, helping others54. In spite of people's suggestions, Albert decided to go to AfricaA. because he was born thereB. because he wanted to help others particularly black Africans who had been exploited by white menC. because he wanted to give a concert to African people更多精品文档．学习-----好资料D. because he wanted to' make money there55. Why did the author think he was a man of great strength?A. He always faced great problems with courage.B. The threat of war and the reality of imprisonment during World War didn't discourage him.C. The unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all.D. All of the above.56. Albert Schweitzer lived to beA. 70 years oldB. 80 years oldC. 90 years oldD. 100 years oldQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 B. C. A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine (血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bile was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates' fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity (遗传特征), the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.57. According to Hippocrates' fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be __A. optimisticB. easily angeredC. unexcitableD. pessimistic58. The main idea of this passage is about __A. the complicated factors in determining one's personalityB. Hippocrates' fluid theory and its developmentC. the past and today of personality classifications and theoriesD. different personalities and their details59. At present, psychologists __A. have common opinion about personality theories and classificationsB. use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theoriesC. have abandoned Hippocrates' fluid theory entirelyD. all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities60. According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to classify personality areA. one's born features and needs of love and successB. one's height and weightC. one's hobbies and idealsD. the environment and intelligenceSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and 更多精品文档．学习-----好资料D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 61 the turn of the century when jazz was bom, America had no prominent style fits own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 62 , or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1900s.Jazz is Americans contribution to 63 music. In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles withenergy, 64 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America, and 65 it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music 66 .American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers .They were brought to Southern States 67 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friend and relatives 68 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession .On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 69 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their relations ,but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising (~ll~,,) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 70 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to once. It was an early form of jazz.61. A. By B. At C. In D. On62. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed63. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light64. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating65. A. as B. so C. either D. neither66. A. concerned B .itself C. available D. oneself67. A. for B. as C. with D. by68. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed69. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But70. A. whistled B. sung c. presented D. showedIV. TranslationDirections: There is 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.71.One of the rules for being rich is to avoid frivolous temptations. Surely there are many other rules for the purpose. One of them is to stay in school or, if out of school, go back to it for continuing education. It has neverbeen easier to get an education but you will learn something worth the time and effort. College costs have beenrising gradually relative to family income level for more than twenty years. However the rate of return on a collegeeducation has been rising as well, making the investment a good deal. Meanwhile, the cost of self-education hasfallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information available on CD-ROMs and Internet. Inaddition, to choose a good major for education is also important. History and politics professors earn less thanaccounting professor, much less than businessmen. For that reason, accounting professors can expect to earn muchless than their students who major in business.更多精品文档．-----好资料学习模拟试题五参考答案及部分试题答案解析一、答案I. Vocabulary1-20 AADAB BDCBA CAABC ACADDII. Grammatical Structure21-40 CCADB BBACD DDCDC BACBDIII. Reading Comprehension41-60 CDABB DAACA CCBBD CCCDC61-70 BCCAA BBDDC年版通用英语选读相关课文。
【VIP专享】中石油职称英语大纲模拟试题6及答案
kind of
A. crisis B. urgency C. emergency D. emergence
2. No one could tell how the magician was able to produce a rabbit from
his hat until he his tricks.
A. got off
B. pulled down C. brokooked __ the direction of the explosion.
A. to
B. from C. in
5. The flood the townspeople from the rest of the world.
A. manage with B. turn on C. carry out
7. I don't think I know the girl with long hair although she __ me of
6.培养学生观察、思考、对比及分析综合的能力。过程与方法1.通过观察蚯蚓教的学实难验点，线培形养动观物察和能环力节和动实物验的能主力要；特2征.通。过教对学观方察法到与的教现学象手分段析观与察讨法论、，实对验线法形、动分物组和讨环论节法动教特学征准的备概多括媒，体继课续件培、养活分蚯析蚓、、归硬纳纸、板综、合平的面思玻维璃能、力镊。子情、感烧态杯度、价水值教观1和.通过学理解的蛔1虫.过观适1、察于程3观阅 六蛔寄.内列察读 、虫生出蚯材 让标容生3根常蚓料 学本教活.了 据见身： 生，师的2、解 问的体巩鸟 总看活形作 用蛔 题线的固类 结雌动态业 手虫 自形练与 本雄学、三： 摸对 学动状习人 节蛔生结4、、收 一人 后物和同类 课虫活构请一蚯集 摸体 回并颜步关 重的动、学、蚓鸟 蚯的 答归色学系 点形教生生让在类 蚓危 问纳。习从 并状学理列学平的害 题线蚯四线人 归、意特出四生面体以形蚓、形类 纳大图点常、五观玻存 表及动的鸟请动文 本小引以见引、察璃现 ，预物身类 3学物明 节有言及的、导巩蚯上状 是防的体之生和历 课什根蚯环怎学固蚓和， 干感主是所列环史 学么据蚓节二样生练引牛鸟 燥染要否以举节揭 到不上适动、区回习导皮类 还的特分分蚯动晓 的同节于物让分答。学纸减 是方征节布蚓物起 一，课穴并学蚯课生上少 湿法。?广的教， 些体所居归在生蚓前回运的 润；4泛益学鸟色生纳.靠物完的问答动原 的4蛔，处目类 习和活环.近在成前题蚯的因 ？了虫以。标就 生体的节身其实端并蚓快及 触解寄上知同 物表内特动体结验和总利的慢我 摸蚯生适识人 学有容点物前构并后结用生一国 蚯蚓在于与类 的什，的端中思端线问活样的 蚓人飞技有 基么引进主的的考?形题环吗十 体生行能着 本特出要几变以动，境？大 节活的1密 方征本“特节化下物.让并为珍 近习会形理切 法。课生征有以问的小学引什稀 腹性态解的 。2课物。什游题主.结生出么鸟 面和起结蛔关观题体么戏：要利明蚯？类 处适哪构虫系察：的特的特用确蚓等 ，于些特适。蛔章形殊形征板，这资 是穴疾点于可虫我态结式。书生种料 光居病是寄的们结构，五小物典， 滑生？重生鸟内学构，学、结的型以 还活5要生类部习与.其习巩鸟结的爱 是如原活生结了功颜消固类构线鸟 粗形何因的存构腔能色化练适特形护 糙态预之结的，肠相是系习于点动鸟 ？、防一构现你动适否统。飞都物为结蛔。和状认物应与的行是。主构虫课生却为和”其结的与题、病本理不蛔扁的他构特环以生？8特乐虫形观部特8征境小理三页点观的动位点梳相组等、这；，哪物教相，理适为方引些2鸟，育同师.知应单面导鸟掌类结了；？生识的位学你握日构解2互.。办特生认线益特了通动手征观识形减点它过，抄；察吗动少是们理生报5蛔？物，与的解.参一了虫它和有寄主蛔与份解结们环些生要虫其。蚯构都节已生特对中爱蚓。会动经活征人培鸟与飞物灭相。类养护人吗的绝适这造兴鸟类？主或应节成趣的为要濒的课情关什特临？就危感系么征灭来害教；？；绝学，育，习使。我比学们它生可们理以更解做高养些等成什的良么两好。类卫动生物习。惯根的据重学要生意回义答；的3.情通况过，了给解出蚯课蚓课与题人。类回的答关：系线，形进动行物生和命环科节学动价环值节观动的物教一育、。根教据学蛔重虫点病1.引蛔出虫蛔适虫于这寄种生典生型活的线结形构动和物生。理二特、点设；置2.问蚯题蚓让的学生生活思习考性预和习适。于穴居生活的形态、结构、生理等方面的特征；3.线形动物和环节动物的主要特征。
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中石油模拟试题(五)I. Vocabulary1. He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his __.A. wordB. wordsC. permissionD. saying2. After second thought, she ___a better solution.A. came up withB. added up toC. put up withD. made up for3. The club has___ a new rule allowing women to join.A. brought forthB. associated withC. turned overD. laid down4. The performance will begin __ at eight thirty.A. preciselyB. consequentlyC. accordinglyD. exceedingly5. It's very discourteous to __ during some one's conversation.A. inspectB. interruptC. interfereD. instruct6. His joke went too far. It was more than 1 could __.A. get rid ofB. put up withC. keep up withD. do away with7. Will all those ___the proposal raise their hands?A. in relation toB. in excess ofC. in contrast toD. in favor of8. At the gathering, he talked __ about the matter, dampening everyone’s spirits.A. in detailB. with easeC. on endD. in a confusing way9. We cannot always ___the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also bedriven by water.A. hang onB. count onC. hold onD. come on10. I don't want to___ you in if you are what you say.A. runB. catchC. makeD. take11. Mr. Brown is a ___old man and all his neighbors are __ to him.A. respectful...respectableB. respectable...respectiveC. respectable...respectfulD. respective...respectable12. I wish my son would stop __ and do something realistic.A. hanging aboutB. hanging onC. hanging upD. hanging off13. There are some ___flowers on the desk.A. artificialB. falseC. unrealD. untrue14. We all can't __ why she married a man like this.A. reason outB. figure outC. make believeD. take in15. John wants to dispose ___his old car and buy a new one.A. onB. inC. ofD. to16. He slept in the __ of the trees on such a hot day.A. shadeB. shelterC. shadowD. shield17. Ted agreed to __ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.A. call outB. call toC. call offD. call onare not ___to veto(否定) our own proposals.A. likelyB. possibleC. probableD. potential19. He agreed with the plan in ___, but thought that in practice it would not work.A. attitudeB. approachC. viewpointD. principle20. The conversation was so interesting that we were __ of the lateness of the hour.A. negligibleB. inattentiveC. irrelevantD. obliviousII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. ___nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being22. It was urgent that he __ her immediately.A. callsB. calledC. callD. would call23. ___the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit. (10年)A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because24. What's the matter? I smell something __.(09年)A. bumB. bumsC. being burnedD. burning25. Mathematics as well as other subjects __ a science.A. wasB. isC. areD. belong to26. ___he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods. (10年)A. GivingB. Given thatC. Giving thatD. To give that27. It was during the 1920's __ the friendship between Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. after28. ___dwell on her past.A. Little need sheB. Little did she needC. Little she neededD. Little she did need29. ___a fine day, I decided to go for an outing.A. BeingB. Having beenC. It beingD. How30. The car ___seventy miles per hour until it reaches the riverside at about ten o'clock tonight.A. goesB. will goC. wentD. will be going31. Many a time __ not to play with fire but he turns a deaf ear to the warnings.A. the child being toldB. the child has been toldC. has been told the childD. has the child been told32. I would rather ___out to look for a job instead of moping around here everyday.A. to goB. goingC. wentD. go33. ___is still a controversial issue.A. If he is the right person for the jobB. That he is the right person for the jobC. Whether he is the right person for the jobD. He is the right person for the job34. Tom __ my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.A. ought not have receivedB. shouldn't have receivedC. has been receivedD. couldn't have received35. You'll soon get used to __ a large breakfast in England.A. eatB. it that you eatC. eatingD. you eat36. I left very early last night, but I wish I __ so early.A. didn't leaveB. hadn't leftC. haven't leftD. couldn't leave37. The cottage will be cold. Make sure __ the heater.A. you lightB. for lightingC. lightingD. you'll light38. "How many from your class went abroad?” “___but one".A. AnyB. SomeC. AllD. Most39. Heating ___into the students' dormitories now.A. is puttingB. is being putC. is been putD. has been puttinghas got himself into a dangerous situation ___he has no control.A. becauseB. asC. over thatD. over whichⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. To them, however, the dispute between the' colonists and England was peripheral. For American Indians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose, they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, the leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king, George III. When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada. On the other side, Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee nation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Creeks and as a reward for her heroism was made "Beloved Woman" of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women's council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the white settlers and supported the Patriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.41. What is the main point the author makes in the passage?A. Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.B. At the time of the Revolution the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.C. Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.D. The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women. 42. word "it" in line 4 refers to ___.A. sideB. revolutionC. disputeD. independence43. How did Ward gain her position of authority?A. By bravery in battle.B. By marriage to a chief.C. By joining the confederacy.D. By being born into a powerful family.44. According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward had in common?A. Each was called "Beloved Woman" by her tribe.B. Each influenced her tribe's role in the American Revolution.C. Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.D. Each went to England after the American Revolution.Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:More people than ever are drinking coffee these days--but in smaller quantities than they used to. Some manufacturers of coffee makers are trying to take advantage of this trend by developing diminutive machines that brew smaller amounts of coffee. Two US appliance companies--Black & Decker, based in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of Columbia, Missouri--have recently introduced "drip" coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings of coffee. Both of the products brew the coffee directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for a separate carafe. Since many people make a pot of coffee in the morning but drink only a single cup, the new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee. Black & Decker's Cup-at-a-Time costs $27, while Toastmaster's Coffee Break Retails for $20. Black & Decker also makes a coffee maker that drips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposed to keep the coffee fresh for hours. The product, called the Thermal Carafe Coffee-maker, comes with a built-in lid that opens during the brewing process and close when it is completed. There are several models, including one that firs under the counter, ranging from $60 to $110 in price.45. The main purpose of the text is to___.A. introduce a new trend of drinking coffeeB. introduce new coffee makersC. introduce two U.S. appliance companiesD. introduce the new coffee industry46. The advantage of "drip" coffee makers shown in the text is that___.A. they are much more economicB. they can produce only one cupC. they are more convenient and easier to operateD. they are more economical47. According to the passage, a thermal carafe is necessary when the coffee is___.A. preservedB. producedC. manufacturedD. brewed48. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A. People used to drink coffee in larger quantities.B. It is essential to attach a separate carafe, while "drip" coffee makers are applied.C. People used to make a pot of coffee in the morning and drink it up.D. The new coffee makers usually cost less than before.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster (1758- 1843). Born near Hartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English school books then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of such books as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simple books on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the first part was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during the next hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its author's attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary, and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in 1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the English language in his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special way and deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As he himself wrote," It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this 'country shouldhave an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England...some differences exist .... No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country." By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundred years, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language, his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.49. Webster first tried to earn his living in the field of___.A. educationB. journalismC. lawD. medicine50. Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a __.A. teacherB. studentC. lawyerD. doctor51. This article could be entitled___.A. Noah Webster and American English SpellingB. Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English LanguageC. Noah WebsterD. Noah Webster and American English Grammar52. According to the article, Webster __.A. had created American English and its usagesB. had discovered American English and improved itC. had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his countryD. had left a language which was not used in England.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Albert Schweitzer was born in 1875 in Alsace. At that time, it was a part of Germany. His generous spirit was first awakened through his training as a Lutheran minister. Besides gaining a reputation as a preacher, he also became respected for his ability to play the organ. He was a man of many talents. His concern for other people turned his attention to medicine. He had also acquired doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. His wife took an interest in medicine too and became a nurse. Many people thought that he should remain and lecture in Europe to have a strong impact on Westerncivilization. Though he listened to their suggestions, he ultimately decided to follow his own conscience. This led him to Africa. Albert had felt that all men should accept the responsibility of helping others. He felt particularly concerned for black Africans who had been exploited by white men. He earned the money he needed by performing on the organ and by lecturing. With this money he bought equipment and opened a hospital in Africa. He was a man of great strength who faced great problems with courage. The threat of war, the reality of imprisonment during World War, one as a German citizen, and the unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all. He believed that man could overcome these obstacles if he had a sense of idealism. He died in 1965.53. He had talents for___.A. training his wife to be a nurse, giving concert and lecturingB. giving medical care, lecturing, playing the organC. taking care of sick people, fighting as a soldier, lecturingD. giving concert, making equipment, helping others54. In spite of people's suggestions, Albert decided to go to Africa___.A. because he was born thereB. because he wanted to help others particularly black Africans who had been exploited by white menC. because he wanted to give a concert to African peopleD. because he wanted to' make money there55. Why did the author think he was a man of great strength?A. He always faced great problems with courage.B. The threat of war and the reality of imprisonment during World War didn't discourage him.C. The unbearable heat in Africa did not deter him at all.D. All of the above.56. Albert Schweitzer lived to be___.A. 70 years oldB. 80 years oldC. 90 years oldD. 100 years oldQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 B. C. A physician named Hippocrates theorized that therewere four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine (血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bile was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates' fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity (遗传特征), the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.57. According to Hippocrates' fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be ___.A. optimisticB. easily angeredC. unexcitableD. pessimistic58. The main idea of this passage is about __.A. the complicated factors in determining one's personalityB. Hippocrates' fluid theory and its developmentC. the past and today of personality classifications and theoriesD. different personalities and their details59. At present, psychologists __.A. have common opinion about personality theories and classificationsB. use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theoriesC. have abandoned Hippocrates' fluid theory entirelyD. all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities60. According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to classify personality are___.A. one's born features and needs of love and successB. one's height and weightC. one's hobbies and idealsD. the environment and intelligenceSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 61 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent style fits own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 62 , or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1900s. Jazz is Americans contribution to 63 music. In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 64 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America, and 65 it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music 66 .American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers .They were brought to Southern States 67 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friend and relatives 68 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession .On the way to thecemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 69 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their relations, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 70 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to once. It was an early form of jazz.61. A. By B. At C. In D. On62. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed63. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light64. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating65. A. as B. so C. either D. neither66. A. concerned B .itself C. available D. oneself67. A. for B. as C. with D. by68. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed69. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But70. A. whistled B. sung C. presented D. showedIV. TranslationDirections: There is 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages intoChinese on your Answer Sheet.71.One of the rules for being rich is to avoid frivolous temptations. Surely there are many other rules for the purpose. One of them is to stay in school or, if out of school, go back to it for continuing education. It has never been easier to get an education but you will learn something worth the time and effort. College costs have been rising gradually relative to family income level for more than twenty years. However the rate of return on a college education has been rising as well, making the investment a good deal. Meanwhile, the cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information available on CD-ROMs and Internet. In addition, to choose a good major for education is also important. History and politics professors earn less than accounting professor, much less than businessmen. For that reason, accounting professors can expect to earn much less than their students who major in business.参考2013版教材 Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己。