国际结算总复习word版
国际结算期末复习材料.doc
期末复习专栏一填空1.国际结算的方式,根本有三大类:汇款方式、〔托收〕方式、〔信用证〕方式。
2.狭义的票据主要包括〔汇票〕、〔本票〕、〔支票〕。
3.汇票的付款时间有〔见票即付〕、〔定日付款〕、〔出票后定期付款〕、〔见票后定日付款〕四种。
4.汇票的收款人〔即抬头〕有三种表示方法,分别是〔来人抬头〕、〔指示性抬头〕、〔限制性抬头〕。
5.汇票债务人承担汇票付款的责任次序在承兑前是〔1〕〔出票人〕、〔2〕〔第一背书人〕、〔3〕〔第二背书人〕;承兑后是〔1〕〔承兑人〕、〔2〕〔出票人〕、〔3〕〔第一背书人〕。
6.远期汇票需要两次提示:〔提示承兑〕和〔提示付款〕。
7.本票是出票人无条件付款的〔承诺++〕,而汇票和支票是无条件付款的〔命令/委托〕。
8.汇票按是否跟随单据,分为〔跟单汇票〕和〔光票〕。
二、判断正误:1.过户转让的受让人获得权利不受转让人权利缺陷的影响。
〔×〕2.交付转让可以通过单纯交付或背书交付而转让票据,不必通知原债务人。
〔√ 〕3.流通转让是转让人通过单纯交付或背书交付票据给受让人,受让人善意支付对价,不必通知原债务人。
〔√ 〕4.采取限制性抬头的汇票,不经过背书可以直接转让。
〔×〕限制性抬头的汇票不得转让他人5.见票后定期付款的汇票,从出票日起算,确定付款到期日。
〔×〕6.要式性指票据的作成必须符合法定的要件,才能发生票据效力。
〔√ 〕7.票据关系的产生总是有一定原因的,但是票据是否成立,不受票据原因的影响。
〔√ 〕票据的产生是有原因的,总是有一定的根底关系,所谓的票据产生的根底关系指的是:出票人与付款人之间的权利义务关系;出票人与收款人、背书人与被背书人之间的资金对价关系。
8.一张汇票出票后付款人总是主债务人。
〔F 〕9.支票有即期和远期之分。
〔 F 〕10.汇付方式是一种对买卖双方均有较大风险的支付方式。
〔F〕11.托收指示书与托收申请书是一回事。
〔F 〕12.偿付行不负责审单,只凭开证行指示或授权,偿付款项给议付行。
国际结算复习汇总
the sum of 大写金额
dawn under 出票依据
To 受票人名称
出票人签字
3.支票只能开出一张,汇票可以开出一套。
4.支票的付款人一定是银行或其他金融机构,汇票的付款人没有这种规定。
5.支票可以保证付款。汇票没有保付的做法。
6.支票可以止付,汇票承兑后即不可撤销。
7.支票有划线的做法,而汇票没有这种做法。
三者
1、类别不同。
2、付款期限不同。
3、基本当事人不同。
1、国际结算概念及主要国际惯例
国际结算:是指两个不同的国家或地区的当事人(个人、企事业单位或政府),因商品买卖、服务供应、资金调拨、国际借贷、金融交易等,需要通过银行办理的两国间货币收付的业务。
内涵
范围:国家与国家或国家与地区之间
原因:国际贸易、对外劳务、资金国际流动、政府间资金转移、其他
5、托收方式及业务流程
1. 跟单托收(DOCUMENTARY COLLECTION) (1)跟单托收概念 跟单托收是汇票连同商业单据向进口行收取款项的一种托收方式,有时为了避免印花税,也有不开汇票,只拿商业单据委托银行代收。 (2)跟单托收种类 即期付款交单(DOCUMENT AGAINST PAYMENT AT SIGHT):俗称D/P AT SIGHT,指开出的汇票是即期汇票,进口商见票,只有付完货款,才能拿到商业单据。 远期付款交单(DOCUMENTS AGAINST PAYMENT OF USANCE BILL):出口商开出远期汇票,进口商向银行承兑于汇票到期日付款交单的付款交单方式。 承兑交单方式(DOCUMENT AGAINST ACCEPTANCE):俗称D/A,代收银行在进口商承兑远期汇票后向其交付单据的一种方式。 2. 光票托收(CLEAN COLLECTION) 光票托收指汇票不附带货运票据的一种托收方式。主要用于货款的尾数、样品费用、佣金、带垫费用、贸易从属费用、索赔以及非贸易的款项。
国际结算复习题.doc
复习题国际结算题三、是非判断1.提示付款即持票人在合理时间内,向受票人提示并要求即时付款,因此,所提示的汇票应是即期汇票。
2.银行汇票通常都是光票。
3.所谓拒付,就是受票人对向他提示的汇票明确表示拒绝付款。
4.票据的付对价持票人的权利不受其前手权利缺陷的影响。
5.票据所谓的空白背书,即不签名盖章,只有记名背书才是在票据上签名盖章。
6.汇票在受票人付款之前,是无条件付款命令;在付款之后,是已付款的凭证。
7.凡有附属单据的汇票,即为跟单汇票。
8.票据的正当持票人在汇票被拒付后,要行使追索权必须严格按照汇票传递的顺序逆向进行。
9.一般而言,票据经背书转让次数越多,其可靠性越强。
10.对附带条件的背书,应认为所附带的条件不具备法律效力。
11.只有经受票人承兑的远期汇票才可申请办理贴现。
12.按我国的票据法,票据上的大、小写金额不一致时,以大写金额为准。
13.平年二月份为29天。
因此,若出票日期为上一年度12月31日,付款期限为出票后一个半月,则付款日为次年2月14日。
14.汇票遭到拒付时,可以由持票人依照汇票转让顺序,依次向其前手追索,也可以越过其直接前手,向债务人中的任何一个,直至出票人行使追索权。
15.背书人在背书汇票时写明“不得追索”字样,则持票人对该汇票丧失追索权。
2.票汇中使用的是银行汇票,因此,其结算基础是银行信用。
3.以汇款方式办理贸易结算时,进、出口双方中,必然有一方要承担对方不严格履约的风险。
4.票汇业务中,汇入行不负通知收款人到银行取款之责。
5.汇款一经解付,汇款人就不能要求银行办理退汇。
6.在汇款业务中,汇入行以密押来核实电报的真实性,以有权签字人的签字式样(印鉴),来核实信汇委托书或汇票的真实性。
8.由于汇票是无条件付款命令,是由收款人向付款人提示要求付款的,因此,凡使用汇票的结算方式,必然是逆汇方式。
9.与信汇、票汇相比,电汇方式费用较高,因此,进出口商应尽量避免使用。
10.所谓商业信用就是卖方签注给买方以延期支付货款的形式所提供的信用。
《国际结算》复习资料最终版-10页word资料
Part 1:1.哪一种不要通知行通知收款人(结算方式)?票汇(Banker’s Demand Draft,D/D)不用通知行通知收款人2.哪一种汇票不需要承兑(英文)?即期汇票(sight draft、demand draft)3.可转让信用证最多能转让几次?可转让信用证最多能转让一次,即第二受益人不得要求将信用证转让给其后的第三受益人,但是第二受益人将信用证转回给第一受益人不在禁止之列。
4.保理的业务范围有哪些?(保理的服务项目)出口贸易融资、销售账务处理、收取应收账款、买方信用担保。
5.什么叫顺汇,逆汇,分别属于六种结算方式中的哪种?顺汇:是由债务人或付款人主动将款项交给银行,委托银行使用某种结算工具,交付一定金额给债权人或收款人的结算方法。
(汇付)逆汇:是由债权人以开出汇票的方式,委托银行向国外债务人索取一定金额的结算方式。
(托收、跟单信用证、保函)6.什么叫保函?(未解决:保函是第几付款人?)保函(Letter of Guarantee, L/G)又称保证书,是指银行、保险公司、担保公司或个人应申请人的请求,向第三方开立的一种书面信用担保凭证。
7.什么叫DP,DA?(相同点,区别点,怎样应用,两者能不能随便变?)承兑交单,D/A (Documents against Acceptance)是指凭付款人对远期汇票承兑而交出单据。
(风险大)付款交单,D/P ( documents against payment)是指凭付款人对即期汇票付款或简单地付款而交出单据——即期付款交单(D/P sight)——远期付款交单(D/P after sight)—(1)见票后××天付款;(2)装运后××天付款;(3)出票后××天付款远期付款交单VS承兑交单的比较:二者的相同点为:1、所使用的汇票均为远期汇票;2、卖方承担的风险较大。
不同点为:交单条件不同。
国际结算复习重点(DOC)
国际结算复习重点一、国际结算通过货币收付来实现国际间的支付或资金转移,就是国际结算。
(国与国、地区间)Convertible Currency 可兑换货币(自由外汇)国际结算的分类:贸易结算(International trade settlement)非贸易结算类(International non-trade settlement):无形贸易、金融交易、无偿转移国际结算的产生和发展:从现金结算到非现金结算;从凭实物结算到凭单据结算;从贸易商之间直接结算到通过银行结算(跨国银行的增多,银行功能的丰富和完善);国际结算与贸易融资相结合——背景:科技进步,生产力发展,卖方增多赊账交易(O/A)和商业信用结算方式(汇款、托收)占比不断扩大出口商扩大贸易规模的资金需求更迫切国际结算新方式:保理:中短期的收账和融资服务福费廷:中长期的无追索权融资服务国际结算制度是各国之间结算债权债务关系的基本方法和总的原则。
国际结算的研究对象:1、国际结算工具:票据2、国际结算方式:记账结算现汇结算:汇款、托收、信用证、保函、备用信用证、保理、福费廷3、国际结算单据:基本单据:发票、保险单据、运输单据附属单据:其他,如产地证、质检证国际结算的特点:按照国际惯例进行国际结算。
结算货币多元化。
结算业务电子化和网络化趋势。
国际标准化货币符号:中国——CNY 欧元区——EUR 美国——USD往账(Nostro account):一家银行开在国外其他银行里的活期账户对这家银行而言就是往账。
即我行设在你行的账(our a/c with you)来账(Vostro account):国外其他银行开在这家银行的活期账户对这家银行而言就是来账。
即你行设在我行的账(your a/c with us)银行处理国际业务机构设置的主要类型:代表处(非盈利)、代理处(不吸收存款)、海外分支行(联行);——不是独立的法人代理行、子行、联营银行;——是独立的法人银团银行——不经营小额零售业务&&开立活期账户的代理行为账户行。
《国际结算》复习试题(word文档良心出品)
第3次作业1、光票托收一般不用于(B)的收取。
A.出口货款尾款B.出口货款C.佣金D.样品费2、在结算方式中,按出口商承担风险从小到大的顺序排列,应该是(B)。
A.付款交单托收、跟单信用证、承兑交单托收B.跟单信用证、付款交单托收、承兑交单托收C.跟单信用证、承兑交单托收、付款交单托收D.承兑交单托收、付款交单托收、跟单信用证3、以下不属于信用证特点的是(C)。
A.信用证是由开证银行承担第一性付款责任的书面文件;B.开证银行履行付款责任是有限度和条件的;C.信用证是一种商业信用;D.信用证是一项独立的,自足性的文件。
4、信用证对出口商的作用是(D)。
A.不必占用资金,反而能得到开证手续费的收入;B.获得一笔数目可观的结算手续费;C.可以凭信托收据,要求开证行先交付单据,在出售货物后再交付货款;D.只要将符合信用证条款的货运单据交到出口地与他有来往的银行,即能完全地取得货款,加速资金周转。
5、信用证的第一付款人是(A)。
A.开证行B.通知行C.议付行D.开证申请人6、一般来说,保兑行对所保兑的信用证的责任是(C)。
A.在议付行不能付款时,承担付款责任;B.在开证行不能付款时,承担付款责任;C.承担第一性的付款责任;D.在开证申请人不能付款时,承担付款责任。
7、按照国际商会《UCP600》的解释,所有的信用证都应该为(B)。
A.可撤销信用证;B.不可撤销信用证;C.既可能是可撤销信用证,也可能是不可撤销信用证;D.由开证行和受益人协商确定。
8、下列关于议付信用证项下的汇票说法正确的是(A)。
A.既可以是即期汇票,也可以是远期汇票;B.只能是即期汇票;C.只能是远期汇票;D.不需要汇票。
9、可转让信用证下办理交货的是(D)。
A.第一受益人B.开证申请人C.中间商D.第二受益人10、可转让信用证在使用时,转让行不可以改变(A)。
A.有关商品品质规格的条款;B.信用证总金额;C.商品单价;D.装运期和信用证有效期。
国际结算复习题Word版
国际结算第一章一.judge the following statement,mark true or falseInternational settlement is only used in international visible trade. ( )答案:错TRAGET stands for the electronic payment system for EUR. ( )答案:对CNY is international currency since 2009 . ()答案:错Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.The basic international settlement methods include. ( )答案:ABC()are three basic international payment instruments.答案:ABCUSD stands for() GBP stands for ( ) JPY stands for ( )EUR stands for ( ) CNY stands for ( ) HKD stands for ( )美元 B.日元 C.人民币 D.港元E.欧元F. 英镑G.泰铢H.澳大利亚元Short answer questions.What is international settlement?答案:International settlement is money transfer as a result of international clearing which can be divided into trade and non-trade settlement.What is international settlement payment system?答案:Financial instruments,payment methods and commercial documents are three important and closely related parts in international settlement .What are international settlement instruments?答案:International settlement instruments mainly refer to bill of exchange ,promissory note and check.What are international settlement methods?答案:International settlement methods include traditional payment methods and additional payment methods.Three traditional payment methods used in international trade are :remittance ,collection and Letter of credit.Additional payment methodsappears as the effective supplement to the traditional payment methods.They are forfeiting,factoring,bank guarantee and standby letter of credit.What are laws and customs regulating international settlement?答案:There are many laws and customs relevant to international settlement,mainly as follows:1)Bills of exchange act of 1882;2)Convention providing a Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and promissory Notes(Geneva,1930) ;3)Uniform Customs and practice for Documentary Credits,ICC publication No.600;4)Uniform Ruler for Collection ,ICC publication No.522;5) Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees,ICC publicationNo.458;6)International Standby practice 98(ISP);7)General Rules for international Factoring;8)Supplement to UCP for Electronic presentation;9)International Standard Banking practice for the Examination of Documents under Documentary Credits,ICC publication No.681.How to choose the currencies on international settlement?答案;The best way is to choose hard currency for exporting and soft currency for importing.第二章Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.票据形式上需要记载的必要项目必须齐全,各个必要项目又必须符合票据法律规定,方可使票据产生法律效力。
国际结算重点word版
一、名词解释国际结算:是指国际间由于政治、经济、文化、外交、军事等方面的交往或联系而发生的以货币表示的债权债务的清偿行为或资金转移行为。
国际贸易结算:以票据为基础,单据为条件,银行为中枢,结算与融资相结合的非现金结算体系。
票据:是指由出票人签发的,具有一定格式,约定债务人按期无条件支付一定金额,并经过背书可转让的书面支付凭证。
(有价证券之父)汇票:是出票人签发的,委托付款人在见票时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票人的票据。
本票:出票人签发的,承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或者持票人的票据。
支票:银行存款户根据协议向银行签发的即期无条件支付命令。
背书:是指持票人在票据背面签名,并交付给受让人的行为。
顺汇:系统结算工具的流向与货款的流向是同一个方向,是由债务人主动将款项交给本国银行,委托该银行通过某种结算工具的使用将汇款汇付给国外债权人或收款人。
逆汇:系统结算工具的流向与货款的流向是反方向。
是由债权人通过出具票据委托本国银行向国外债务人收取汇票金额的结算方式。
电汇(T/T):是汇出行应汇款人的申请,代其开立以汇入行为付款人的银行即期汇票,并交换汇款人,由汇款人自寄或者自带给国外收款人,由收款人到汇入行凭票取款的汇款方式。
信汇(M/T):是汇出行应汇款人的申请,用航空信函指示汇入行解付一定金额给收款人的汇款方式。
票汇(D/D):是汇出行应汇款人的申请,代其开立以汇入行为付款人的银行即期汇票,并交换汇款人,由汇款人自寄或者自带给国外收款人,由收款人到汇入行凭票取款的汇款方式。
预付货款:是指买方(进口商)先将货款的全部或者一部分通过银行汇交卖方(出口商),卖方收到货款后,根据买卖双方事先签订的合约,在一定时间内或立即将货物运交进口商的结算方式。
托收:是银行根据委托人的指示处理金融单据或商业单据,目的是取得承兑或付款,并在承兑或付款后交付单据的行为。
包括光票托收和跟单托收两种基本形式。
国际结算复习精品文档15页
国际结算复习一、名词解释1、国际结算:国际结算就其本质而言是对国际间由于政治、经济、文化等一切活动所引起的债权债务加以了结的一种方式。
2、无因性:票据是一种无因的证券,即票据是否成立完全不受票据原因的制约。
这一特点有利于票据的流通转让。
3、正当持票人:是指在汇票流通的合理时间内,在付给对价的情况下,成为一张表面合格、完整、无任何所有权缺陷的汇票的持票人。
4、电汇:是汇出行应汇款人的申请,用加押电报、电传或SWIFT形式指示汇入行(国外联行或代理行)付款给制定收款人的一种汇款方式。
5、信汇:是汇出行应汇款人申请,将信汇委托书或支付委托书邮寄给汇入行,授权汇入行(国外申请或代理行)汇款给制定收款人的一种汇款方式。
6、光票托收:凡仅是把资金委托银行代为收款的,称为为光票托收。
7、跟单托收:凡是委托银行代收的凭证不仅有资金单据,而且还需附以代表装运货物的货运单据的这种托收方式称跟单托收。
8、可转让信用证:指开证行授权可使用信用证的银行(通知行)在受益人的要求下,可将信用证的全部或一部分转让给一个或数个第三者,即第二受益人的信用证。
9、不可撤销信用证:指信用证一经开出并经受益人接受后,开证行便承担了按照信用证上所规定的条件履行付款义务的凭证。
在信用证有效期内,除非得到信用证有关当事人的同意,开证行不能撤销或修改信用证。
二、简答题1、票据当事人及其权利及义务(P54起)票据权利——依票据而行使的、以取得票据金额为直接目的的权利。
票据义务——票据债务人依票据所载文义支付票据金额及其他金额的义务。
A出票人及其行为出票人,一般是指进出口贸易中的出口方,他是命令付款人付款并在汇票上签名的人,他在开立汇票后进行交付,则完成出票的票据行为。
出票人是收款人的债务人,付款人的债权人。
承兑前,他是汇票的主债务人。
承兑后,出票人是次债务人。
在汇票遭受拒付情况下,出票人有向付款人、承兑人追索的权利,也应尽被其后受追索的义务。
B付款人及其行为付款人一般是指进出口贸易中的进口方。
国际结算》总复习
第一篇 国际结算中的票据
• 1、国际结算的含义(概念、基本要 素) • 2、票据的含义 • 3、票据的特性 • 4、票据的作用 • 5、票据行为 • 6、票据的基本当事人
• • • • • • •
7、汇票的含义 8、汇票的内容(绝对必要记载项目) 9、汇票的种类 10、本票的含义 11、本票与汇票的区别 12、支票的概念 13、支票的特征
Байду номын сангаас
第四篇 国际结算中的融资担保
• • • • • • • 1、担保的含义 2、担保的方式 3、外汇担保的含义、特点 4、外汇担保的基本当事人 5、外汇担保按合同方式的分类 6、银行保函的含义、作用 7、保函的基本当事人
• • • • • • • •
8、保函的基本内容 9、备用证的性质 10、福费廷的含义、特点、应用 11、福费廷业务对出口商的益处 12、国际保理的含义 13、国际保理的服务项目 14、国际双保理的业务程序 15、福费廷与国际保理的比较
第二篇 国际结算的方式
• • • • 1、汇付的含义 2、汇付的特点、种类 3、汇付的业务程序 4、汇款在国际经济与贸易中的主要应用方 式 • 5、托收的概念 • 6、托收的业务程序(当事人的权利和义务) • 7、托收方式下的融资
• • • •
8、信用证的含义 9、跟单信用证的特点 10、信用证的种类(应用) 11、信用证的业务程序(当事人的权利和 义务) • 12、信用证下的融资(进口贸易、出口贸 易) • 13、信用证的风险与防范(出口商、进口 商、银行)
第三篇 国际结算中的单据
• • • • • • • • 1、单据的作用 2、单据的种类 3、出口商制单的原则 4、银行审单的原则 5、海运提单的含义、作用 6、国际多式联运单据含义 7、海运单含义、应用 8、空运单的含义、作用
国际结算终结word版
国际结算复习资料一、国际结算的方式 P4主要有三大类:汇款方式、托收方式、信用证方式二、汇票写法 P43三、议付信用证下汇票的付款人 P129按照《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定,在议付信用证项下,汇票的付款人应是开证行或其指定银行。
四、信用证付款条件 P97(1)单证一致(2)单单一致五、出口保函 P165(1)投标保函(2)履约保函(3)预付款退还保函(4)质量保函二十六、进口保函 P167(1)付款保函(2)延期付款保函(3)留置金保函(4)租赁保函(5)补偿贸易保函(6)加工装配贸易保函六、商业发票附属单据 P199○1商检证明○2产地证明书○3重量单○4尺码证明○5包装单○6船运公司证明七、远期汇票的付款方法 P42○1见票后若干天付款○2出票后若干天付款○3提单日后若干天付款八、汇款的当事人 P60汇款人——即付款人。
收款人——合同中的卖方或其他经贸往来中的债权人。
汇出行——即汇出款项的银行。
买方所在地银行。
汇入行——即解付汇款的银行。
卖方所在地银行。
九、非贸易结算 P262○1无形贸易结算○2金融交易类结算○3国际间资金单方面转移结算○4银行提供的以信用担保为代表的一系列服务与结算○5其他非贸易结算业务十、汇票的基本当事人 P35出票人:承兑前是主债务人,承兑后是从债务人付款人:承兑后是主债务人收款人:主债权人。
第一持票人十一、国际贸易结算方式的六个发展阶段 P10○1最开始的易货贸易○2早期的现金结算○3支付票据化的兴起○4交易单据化的兴起○5银行信用加入到国际结算中来○6新型国际结算融资服务业的兴起十三、银行保函的特点 P1551.银行保函是具有辅助或补充作用。
2.保函项下的支付居于“或然性”。
3.保函有三方当事人,即银行、委托人和受益人。
4.担保行的责任有时是第一性的,有时是第二性的。
5.保函的受益人权益是不允许转让的。
十四、票据无因性(案例) P29十五、信用证提单的倒签(案例) P188十六、汇票的抬头 P36(1)限制性抬头:不得转让他人。
国际结算复习重点.docx
一.名词解释: _1 .Coirespondent Bank(代理行):The so-called correspondent bank may be defined as “ a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank.v2.Nostro account(往账):The foreign currency account (due from account) of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements3・Vostix)account(来账):An account (due to account) held by a bank on behalf of its correspondent bank4,Acceptance for honor supra protest(# ))口承兑):Acceptance for honor supra protest is an act performed by the acceptor for honor,who accepts the bill supra protest,for the honor of any party liable thereon or for the honor of the person for whose account the bill is drawn. A bill may be accepted for honor for only a part of the sum drawn payable,5,Payment for honor supra protest# 力口付款):Pay me nt for honor supra protest is an act similar to acceptance for honor supra protest in the sense that it vindicates the honor of a party liable on a bill of exchange.6.Holder for v“lue(付对价的持票人):The person who possesses an instrument for which value has been given by himself or by some other person7・Holder in due course (正出持票人): The person who is in possession of an instrument that is(1 )complete and regular on its face;(2)taken before maturity without notice of its previous dishonor;(3)taken in good faith and for value;(4)taken without notice of any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating it. He is also called a bona fide holder, who may claim payment from all parties liable on the instrument^Dishonor (拒付):If the drawee refuses to effect payment or acceptance when a bill is presented to him for payment or acceptance, the act is called dishonor.9.Crossed check(划线支票):A crossing is in effect an instruction to the paying bank from the drawer or holder to pay the fund to be a bank only.Hence, such checks will not be paid over the counter of the paying bank and must be presented for payment by a collecting bank・10<Direct bill: A bill on which the place of acceptance is not the same one as the place os payment Indirecl bill: Il'a bill on which the place of acceptance is not the same one as the place of Dayment. 11 ・Domestic bill: A bill drawn and payable in the same country Foreign bill: A bill drawn in one country and payable in another country 12-Collection: an atrangement whereby the goods are shipped and a relevant bill of exchange is drawn by the seller an the buyer, and/or shipping documents are forwarded to the seller's bank with clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent book located in the domicile of the buyer 13.Case of need(需要时代理):The case of need is the representative appointed by the principal to act as case of need in the event of non-acceptance and/or non-payment,whose power should be clearly and fully stated in the collection」4・Documcmary collection : Documentary collections may be described as collections on financial instruments being accompanied by commercial documents or collections on commercial documents without being accompanied by financial instruments, that is, commercial documents without a bill of exchange. 15,Clean collection : Clean collections are collections on financial instruments without being accompanied by commercial documents, such as invoice, bill of lading, insurance policy,etc.16.E)irect collection: Direct collection is an arrangement whereby the seller obtains his bank's pre-numbered direct collection letter, thus enabling him to send his document directly to his bank's correspondent bank for collection.This kind of collection accelerates the paperwork process」7・Outward collection: In outward collection, a bank acting as the remitting sends the draft drawn against an exporter with or without shipping documents attached, to an appropriate overseas bank, namely, the collecting bank, to get the payment or acceptance from the importer Inwaixi collection: In inward collection, a bank acting as the collecting bank receives the draft with or without shipping documents attached as well as the instructions from a bank abroad, namely, the remitting bank. On behalf of the remitting bank, the collecting bank endeavors to collect the payment or obtain the acceptance from importers」8・Bill purchased: Financing by banks for exporters under documentary collection methods takes the form of collection bill purchased・ Collection bill purchased means that the remitting bank purchases the documentary bill drawn by the exporter on the imDoHeflYust receipt: Financing by banks for importers under collection methods takes the form of trust receipt. On collection terms basis, if the collecting bank has a great degree of trust in the importer, the bank may be willing to release the negotiable bill of lading, and the goods,to the importer against the signing of a trust receipt. After the importer has made hisfinal sale and received the proceeds, he can pay the collecting bankl9・Conflrmed credit: A credit that carries the comitment to pay by both the issuing bank and the advising bank. Il is advised to the beneficiary with another bank's confirmation added thereto. It constitutes a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the confirming bank or to any other nomitated bank on or before the expiry date and the terms and conditions pf the documentary credit are complied with, to pay , to accept drafts or to negotiate.20. Silent confinnation : Silent confirmation represents an agreement between a bank and the beneficiary for that bank to “add its confirmation^to the documentary credit despite not being so authorized by the issuing bank.In this case the beneficiary and the advising bank make an independent agreement that adds the bank's confirmation to the credit for a fee.21 ・ Sight cred让: A letter of credit calling for payment upon the presentation of the documents either with or without a sight draft.22. Time credit / Usance credit: A L/C calling for payment upon the presentation of the document either with or without a sight draft 23-Usance letter of credit payable at sight: under the creditthe benificiary will receive payment at sight and the discount charges and acceptance commission are for the account of the applicant 24,Transferred credit: A credit under which the beneficiary(the first beneficiary)may request the bank authorized to pay, incur a deferred payment undertaking,accept or negotiate(the transferring bank),or in the event of a freely negotiable credit,the bank specially authorized in the credit as the transferring bank to make the documentary credit available in whole or in part to one or more other beneficiary25.Acceptance credit : A credit available by acceptance, under which a bank specifically nominated therein is authorized to accept the draft drawn under the credit・ The draft there under must be a time bill drawn on the issuing bank, advising bank ,or any other drawee bank.26.Deferred payment credit: Under a deferred payment credit ,the beneficiary does not receive payment when he presents the documents, but at a later date specified in the credit ・27・Negoti“tion credit: A negotiation credit is one under which a bank specially nominated therein is authorized to negotiate or one,which is freely negotiable by any bank.28.Revolving credit: One by which, under the terms and conditions thereof, the amount is renewed or reinstated without specific amendments to the documentary credit being required29・Back・to・b“ck documentary credit: The L/C opened by buyer infavor of sellor is used as security to establish a security to establish a second 1/c drawn on the seller in favor of his supplier 30. Reciprocal credit : A reciprocal credit is usually concerned with a barter transaction. It is in all respects similar to an ordinary commercial credit expect that opener of the original credit may assume the position of the beneficiary of the reciprocal credit, while the beneficiary of the original credit may become the opener of the reciprocal creditJL Red clause / Anticipatory credit : It is a kind of pre-shipment financing intended to assist the exporter in the production or procurement of the goods sold・It is a credit with a special clause added thereto that authorizes the advising bank or any other nominated banks to make advances to the beneficiary before his submission of docuiTients32,Factoring: a complete financial package that combines credit protection, accounts receivable bookkeeping and collection services .its the purchase of claims, arising from sales of goods, by a specialized company knownsas factoring company or factor33・Forfeiting : the purchase of obligations falling due at future date .arising from deliveries of goods and services without recourse to any previous holder of the obligation ・33・Bank guamnlee: A bank guarantee is used as an instrument for securing performance or payment especially in international business.a bank guarantee is a written promise issued by a bank at the request of its customer,undertaking to make payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the principaL34・Coimter guarantee: A counter guarantee refers to any guarantee or other payment undertaking of the instructing party given in writing for payment of money to the guarantor on presentation in conformity with the terms of the undertaking of a writing demand for payment and other documents specified in the counter guarantee<35. Counter Guarantor: a bank or a financial institution or any other body acting as an instructing party issues a counter guarantee acting on the instruction of a principal in favor of a bank ora financial institutio n located in the beneficiary's country. 36. Accessory Guarantee : Accessory guarantee is an accessory contract by which the guarantor undertakes to answer for the debt,default or miscarriage of another person known as the principal debtor. An accessory guaranteenecessarily involves some other person being primarily liable.37. Independent guarantee: independent guarantee is a principal obligation, it is a promise to pay a sum of money against presentation of the beneficiary's demand and stipulated documentationjf any. They are independent of the underlying contract.38. Indirect guarantee: An in direct guarantee is a guarantee where a second bank is involved・This bank(usually a foreign bank located in the beneficiary^s country of domicilejwill be requested by the initiating bank to issue a guarantee in return for the risk of a loss which could result from the beneficiary submitting a claim under the foreign bank's guarantee.39. Direct guarantee : A direct guarantee occurs when the client authorizes the bank to issue a guarantee directly to the beneficiary, as the following figure shows.40^Uncpnditional bond : Unconditional bonds can be called at the sole discretion of the buyer.If payment is called for, which conforms to the terms of the bond, the bank must pay.41 .Conditional bond: Conditional bonds can be divided into two types: (a) conditional bonds requiring documentary evidence and (b) conditional bonds that do not require documentary evidence.42o Bid Bond/Tender Bond:Bid Bond/Tender Bond Bid bond is an undertaking given by a bank at the request of a tender in favor of a party inviting tenders abroad, whereby the guarantor undertakes to make payment to the beneficiary within the limit of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the principal in the obligations resulting from the submission of tender43. Performance Bond : performance guarantee (bond) is an undertaking given by a bank (the principal) to a buyer or an employer (the beneficiary), where by the guarantor undertakes to make payment to the beneficiary within the limit of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the supplier or the contractor in due performance of the terms of a contract between the principal and the beneficiary44. Advance Payment Bond :An advance payment bond is issued at the request of the exporter to the importer (the beneficiary) when the advance payment is required by the latte匚The guarantee ensures the repayment of the advance by the exporter in the event of the non-performance of his contractual obligations.45・ Repayment Guarantee : A repayment guarantee is undertaking given by a bank (the guarantor) at the request of a supplier of goods or services or other contractor (the principal) to a buyer or an employer (the beneficiary) whereby the bank undertakes to make payment to the beneficiary within the limit of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the principle to repay, in accordance with the ternis and conditions of a contract between the principcil and the beneficiary, any sum or sums advanced or paid by the beneficiary to the principal.46. Overdraft Guarantee : if a bank provides the overdraft facility for its overseas customer, sometimes a letter of guarantee to be issued by an overseas bank on behalf of this customer is needed. Under the guarantee the overseas bank undertakers to refund the bank providing the overdraft facility, should the customer fail to repay in due time the amount overdrawn in the account47e Import guarantee : It is issued at the request of the importer to guarantee his effecting payment in accordance with the terms and conditions of the relative contract48. Loan guarantee :The guarantee is issued at the request of the borrower (the principal) in favor of the lender (the beneficiary),49. Leasing guarantee : The guarantor bank guarantees to the beneficiary that lessee will pay the rent in accordance with the terms and conditions of the lease agreement 50・ Retention bonds : Retention bonds enable retention moneys, which would otherwise be held by the buyer beyond the completion of the contract, to be released early. These bonds guarantee return of these retention moneys to the buyer in the event of non-performance of pose completion obligations by the exporte5i, Standby letter of credit: The standby credit is a documentary credit or similar arrangement, however named or described, which represents an obligation to the beneficiary on the part of the issuing bank to: (1) repay money borrowed by the applicant, or advanced to or for the account of the applicant; (2) make payment on account of any indebtedness undertaken by the applicant;(3)make payment on account of any default by the applicant in the performance of an obligation. 52・Open account :Open account business is also called payment after arrival of goods・ The seller may be prepared to ship his goods on open account when the exporter is well acquainted with the financial status of the buyer and entertains no doubt about his solvency, or when the exporter sells goods to his overseas branch or subsidiary.二.汉译英(前汉后英) 商业信用:commercial credit 控制文件:control document 账户关系:account relationship 现金结算:cash settlement 金融中介:financial intermediary 一般划线支票:general crossed check 特殊划线支票:special crossing check 过期支票:post-dated check未到期支票:undated check 大小写金额:words and figures 空白背书:black endorsement 特别背书:specific endorsement 限制性背书restrictive endorsement 跟单汇票documentary bill 即期汇票:sight bill 远期汇票:usance bill 承兑汇票:acceptance bill 可确定的未来某一天:determinnable future time 光票:clean bill 流通票据:negotiable instrument 贴现行:discount house 商人银行:merchant bank无条件的付款承诺:unconditional promise of payment 负连带责任:joint and severally responsible 出票后九十天付款:payable at 90 days after date 汇款通知单:remittance advice汇出汇款:outward remittance 国际汇款单: international money order 往来账户:current account 自动支付系统:all tomated payment system 作为偿付:in cover赔偿保证书:letter of indemnity 信汇通知书:mail transfer advice汇票的不可流通副本:a non-negotiable copy of draft 首期付款:down payment 凭单付款:cash against document 商业承兑汇票:commercial acceptance bill 需要时的代理人:the case of need出口押汇:bill purchased 物权单据:title documents 以寄售方式:on consignment 直接托运:direct collection 运货单据:shipping document 付款交单:document against payment远期汇票:time bill未授权保兑:silent confirmation有效地点为开证行所在的柜台:to expire at the counters of the issuing bank平代表物权的单据付款:to pay against documents presenting the goods 信用证以银行信用代替了商业信用A letter credit places a bank credit instead of commercial credit 信用证独立于它所代表的企业合同:A letter of credit stands indipendent of the sales contract 或有负债:contingent liability信用额度: credit limit 卖方信supplier credit 无追索权的:without recourse 信用审定:credit approval资本货物:capital goods买方信贷担保:buyer credit guarantee福费廷融资便利:forfeiting facility 贸易壁垒:tnide barrier 大宗采购折扣:bulk purchase discount 履约保函:performance bond担保书:letter of guarantee 反赔偿:counter indemnity 附属包涵:accessory guarantee 备用信用证:stand-by letter of credit 工程承包:engineering contract 基础交易:underling transaction 见索即付保函:demand guarantee 延期付款保函:deferred bond payment 反担保:counter guarantee三.简答或者选择等知识点1.13 trade terms in the 2Inc(iterms 200CT1EX works;2Free Carrier;3Free Alongside ship;4Free on Board ;5Cost and Freight;6Cost Jnsurance and Freight;7Carriage Paidto;8Carriage and Insurance Paid to;9Delivered atFrontier; 1 ODelivered Ex Ship; 11 Delivered Ex Quay;12Delivered Duty Unpaid;13Delivered Duty Paid2・ Which are included in Settlement on commercial credit?Payment in advance;Open account;Remittance;Collection3, Which are included in Settlement on bank crcdit?LeUer of credit;Bankguarantee4.wha( nre included in the Control documents^?lists of specimen of authorized signatures; telegraphic test key; terms and conditions; SWIFT authentic key5. Services provided by coirespondents 1 Collecting checks ,drafts ,and other credit instruments2)making loan or investments as agents for their customer banks.3)making credit investigations on firms that borrow in the open market4)providing banks with foreign exchange facilities, including commercial and traveler^ checks5)providing banks with funds/loans in case of need6xlearing principles of international payment system: The net paying bank ,which still has net debit after netting all receivables and payables to other banks ,makes the payment to the net receiving bank,which has net credit 7> Functions of a negotiable instrumentA means of payment, A credit instrument, A transferable instrument8・ How to calculate the Time of Payment? 1 )If a bill is payable at a fixed time after sight, after date or after the happening of a specific event ,the time of payment is calculated by counting in the date of payment but counting out the accepting date, the issuing date or the date of happening of the specified event.2)If a bill is payable at a fixed time from a fixed date, then this fixed date should be counted in.3)If a bill is payable at X months after/sight/date/stated date、the word “month、' here means a calendar month and the date of payment should fall on the corresponding date of the month due・9・Types of endorsemenlSpecial endorsement; Blank endorsement; Restrictive endorsement; Conditional endorsement.JOJJnderstanding "Acts of a bill of exchange" end fill a bill of exchangeThe acts of a bill of exchange refer to the legal acts carried out to bear the obligationsto a bill of exchange .11. Classification of a bill of exchange1)According to the drawer:Banker^ draft or bank draft\ Trade bill2)According to the acceptor:Trader5s acceptance bill\Banker's acceptance bill 3)According to the tenor:Sight bill\Time bill or usance bill4)According to whether commercial documents are attached thereto:Clean bill\ Documentarybill.5)According to the cuiTency denominated:Local currency bill\ Foreign currency bill 6)According to the place of acceptance and place of payment:Direct bill\ Indirect bill7)According to the place of issue and place od payment:Inland bill or domestic bill\ Foreign bill13. DifTerence between a promissory nolc anda bill of exchangel )A promissory note is a promise to pay ,whereas a bill of exchange is an order to pay 2)There are only two immediate parties to a promissory note, namely the maker and the payee, whereas there are three basic parties to a bill of exchange,namely the drawer, the drawee and the payee.3)The maker is primarily liable on a promissory note, whereas the drawer is primarily liable, if it is a sight bill, and the acceptor becomes primarily liable, if it is a time bill.4)When issued, a promissory note has an original note only, whereas a bill of exchange may be either a sole bill or a bill in a set, ie. A bill drawn with second of exchange and third of exchange in addition to the original oneJ4, A banker's duty to honor checks Don countermanding of payment by the customer------------------- commonly known as “stop',or “stop paymenf\2)on receiving notice that the customer has died or dissolved.3)on receiving notice of bankruptcy or liquidation of the customer.4)on receiving order that is made against the custome匚5)on receiving notice of mental disorder of the customer 6)on receiving a garnishee order freezing the customer's account.7)on receiving a court order freezing the customer's account16・ Types of Crossed checksGenend crossing; Special crossing・17, Difference between a check and a bill of exchange 1)A bill of exchange may be drawn upon any person, whereas a check must be drawn upon a banker2)Unless a bill is payable on demand, it is usually accepted、whereupon the acceptor is the primarily liable party.3)A bill must be presented for payment when due , or else the drawer will be discharged.A check must be presented for payment within a reasonable time or within a certain time, such as 30 days according to the regulations of the country concemed<The drawer of a check is not discharged even though it has not been presented for payment within the stipulated time unless the delay in presentation incurs losses to the drawer.18・ Types of acceplancecondilional acceptance; partial acceptance; local acceptance; time acceptance20. comparision of M/T、T/T 、D/D(Advantages and disadvantages Of M/T、T/T、D/D)items T/T M/T D/D Methodsof transferCable/telex/SWIFTAirmail Mail orcarried byremitterTime oftransferFastest Slow SlowestMethod Test key of Authori Authoriz of SWIFT zed ed authentic Authenticati signatu signatur ation on key re e security Quite safe Reliable,butmay belost inpostStop-payment istimeconsuming charge High Low Low21 ・ Reimbursement methods "Crediting vostro account of the paying bank2)Debiting remitting bank\ nostor account3)Instructing a reimbursing bank to effect payment by debiting the remitting bank's nostro account 4)Instructing the paying bank to claim reimbursement from another branch of the same bank or another bank with which the remitting bank opens an account.5)According to the payments agreement between two country・22.Payment in advancePayment in advance signifies that the importer pays the exporters before delivery of the goods・ In facts, importers are seldom prepared to make full payment in advance of the shipment of goods.lt is more common to find that they are prepared to pay in advance only a certain percentage of the value of the goods .that is , the so called down payment.23.Types of collection 1 )In terms of documents related:clean collection 光票托收;documentary collection 跟单托收;direct collection 直接托收2)In terms of release of documents: documents against payment(D/P); documents against acceptance(D/A); 3)In termsof time to make payment: documents against payment at sight(D/P at sight); acceptance against payment(Acceptance D/P) 24・ Bank's responsibility in collectionl)Banks are only permitted to act upon the instructions given in the collection orders giving complete and precise instructions.Any deviation from these instructions at the request of the drawee will be at the responsibility of the collecting bank.2)Banks will act in good faith and exercise reasonable care and must verify that the documents received appear to be as listed in the collection order and must immediately advise the party from whom the collection order was received of any documents missing.3)Banks have no further obligation to examine the documents.25. Risks for exporter in collection and measures against risks 1 )Non-acceptance of merchandise: One common danger is that the importer may refuse to accept the merchandise.The importer may base the refusal on some small, inadvertent infraction of sales contract.2)Non-payment of trade acceptance:Generally5 shipping on a time-draft is more risky for the seller than a sight draft.3)Possession od goods:Another danger an exporter might face is that the importer, due to local regulations, can get possession of goods without paying or accepting the draft.4)Exchange restrictions: It may occur that the importer is perfectly willing to pay, but that local exchange regulations do not permit him to obtain the necessary foreign exchange.MEASURES: First, the exporter should always make sure that the overseas importer is of good reputation and of good financial standin g.Secondly, the exporter should take into account the economic and political conditions in the importing country.Thirdly, the exporter should also pay attention to the foreign exchange regulations in the importing country so that the outward payment made by the importer will present no problem.Furthermore, the exporter should take precautions, such as by hedging operations or by immediate settlement of the accounts denominated in a foreign currency, to avoid losses on foreign exchange transactions.26. Risks of importer in collection and measures against risks 1 )Payments may have to be made prior to the arrival of the goods.No opportunity is then available to inspect the goods before making paymenL2)By accepting a bill of exchange under the documents against acceptance collection, the importer incurs two separate legal liabilities; that is, he will have another legal liability on the bill of exchange besides his liability on the sales contract. 3)In some countries, if a bill of exchange is protested, this can ruin the reputation of a trader and may be considered an act of bankruptcy. 27・ Basic forms of documentary collections 1 documents against payment 凭即期付款交单2documents against acceptance 凭承兑交单28.The obligations of the trustee in Trust receipt (l )To arrange for the goods to be warehoused and insured in the bankas name;(2)To pay all the proceeds of sale to the bank or to hold them on behalf of the bank;(3)Not to put the goods in pledge to other persons;(4)To return the goods or the proceeds to the bank at any time when requested;(5)To settle claims of the bank before liquidation in case of the trusteed bankruptcy. 29,Financing Under Collection Methodsl)financing provided by the remitting bank to the exporter 2)financing provided by the collecting bank to the importer30・ Characteristics of a letter of credit(1) The issuing bank undertakes to effect payment;(2) A letter of credit stands independent of the sales contract;(3) Banks deal with documents and not with goods, services or other performances to which the documents may relate;(4)Banks assumes no responsibility for the form, sufficiency ,accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any documents presented;(5) Banks dealing letter of credit business assume no responsibility for the acts of third parties taking part in one way or another in the credit transaction.31 ・ Benefits of the documentary creditL Facilitates financing the documentary credit 2.Provides legal protection 3・ Assures expert examination of documenls 32・Responsibilities of parties involved in a documentary credit(1) Applicant/importer/the buyer(2)Issuing/opening bank/the buyer's bank(3) Advising bank/Notifying bank (4) Beneficiary/exporter/the seller(5) Confirming bank(6) Negotiating bank (7) Paying bank (8) Accepting bank(9) Reimbursing bank33・Types of transfer 1)total transfer and partial transfer全额转让,部分金额转让2)transfer without/with substitution of documents・不替换发票转让,替换发票转让34. Rpes of negotiation credit(1 )Free negotiation credit不指定议付行的议付信用证⑵Restricted negotiation credit 指定议付银行的信用证(3)Non-negotiation credit 35・ Types of revolving credit 1) Automatic revolving ⑵ Notice revolving 通知I循环信用证(3) Periodic revolving定期循环信用证(4)。
国际结算期末总复习
本票:本票是一人开给另一人的无条件书面承诺,保证见票在特定的,或肯定的某一日期,将一定金额的货币,付给某一特定人,或其指示人,或来人.支票:支票是银行存款户,对银行签发的,授权银行对某人或其指示人,或来人,即期支付一定金额的无条件书面支付命令。
汇票:汇票是由出票人向另一人签发的,要求即期、定期或在可以确定的将来的时间,向某人或其指定人或来人无条件地支付一定金额的书面命令票据:票据有广义和狭义之分。
广义的票据是指商业上的权利凭证。
狭义的票据则是指以支付金钱为目的的特种证券,是由出票人签名于票据上,无条件地约定由自己或由他人支付一定金额的、可以流通转让的证券。
国际保理:是保理商为国际贸易记账赊销提供出口贸易融资,销售账务处理,收取应收账款及卖方信用证担保合为一体的金融服务。
预支信用证:是在该证列入特别条款授权保兑行或其他指定银行在交单前预先垫款给受益人的一种信用证。
国际结算:两个不同国家的当事人,不论是个人间的、企业间的或政府间的当事人,由于商品买卖、服务供应、资金调拨、国际信贷,需要通过银行办理的两国间的货币收付业务就叫做国际结算。
国际贸易结算:国际间由于贸易活动所发生的债权债务,是通过资金调拨、货款转移的方式了结的,称为国际贸易结算。
国际贸易结算是整个国际结算的核心。
国际非贸易结算:国际贸易以外的其他经济活动,以及政治、文化交流活动,例如,服务供应、资金调拨、国际借贷等引起的货币收付,称为“非贸易结算”。
顺汇:是指债务人使用一定方式主动将款项支付给债权人,结算过程中资金的流向与单据的传递方向相同。
逆汇:是指债权人主动委托第三者(一般是债权人所在地银行),向国外债务人收取款项,结算过程中资金的流向与单据的传递方向相反。
可转让信用证是指开证行授权可使用信用证的银行(通知行)在受益人的要求下,可将信用证的全部或一部分转让给一个或数个第三者,即第二受益人的信用证。
托收是债权人(出口商)为向债务人(进口商)收取款项,出具汇票(债权凭证)委托银行代为收款的一种支付方式。
国际结算复习资料..
1.国际结算(International Settlement) :指国际间由于政治、经济、文化、外交、军事等方面的交往或联系而发生的以货币表示的债权债务的清偿行为或资金转移行为。
2.国际结算特征和功能:属于银行的中介业务;比国内结算复杂;以国际贸易为基础;与国际金融密不可分3.FOB+装运港(装运港船舷):买方-办理租船订舱、保险;支付运费、保险费CIF+目的港(装运港船舷):卖方-办理租船订舱、保险;支付运费、保险费4.票据的概念:是出票人签发的,承诺自己或委托他人在见票时或指定日期向收款人或持票人无条件支付一定金额,可以流通转让的一种有价证券4. 票据的特性设权性;无因性;要式性;流通性;文义性;货币性;债权性;提示性;返还性;可追索性无因性:票据一旦作成,票据权利和义务的执行就与票据原因相分离。
如:票据的转让过程中,不需要调查票据原因是否合理、合法。
1.票据的有效性应以(A)地国家的法律解释。
A.出票地B.行为地C.付款地D.交单地2.票据的作成,形式上需要记载的必要项目必须齐全,各个必要项目又必须符合票据法律规定,方可使票据产生法律效力。
这是票据的(C)性质。
A.要式性B.设权性C.提示性D.流通转让性3.票据上的债权人在请求票据债务人履行票据义务时,必须向付款人提示票据,方能请求付给票款。
这是票据的( C )性质。
A.要式性B.设权性C.提示性D.流通转让性4.出票人在票据上立下书面的支付信用保证,付款人或承兑人允诺按照票面规定履行付款义务。
这是票据的(B)作用。
A.结算作用B.信用作用C.流通作用D.抵消债务作用5. 汇票(Bill,Bill of exchange,B/E):出票人签发的,委托付款人在见票时或在指定的日期无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的票据。
6.汇票的主要项目:注明“汇票”字样、无条件的支付命令、确定的汇票金额、出票日期、付款期限、收款人姓名、付款人姓名、出票人签字7.三种票据的比较8.背书产生的影响:(1)对背书人(债务人)①失去票据及票据权利②向后手证明签收签名的真实性和票据的有效性③担保承兑和付款(2)对被背书人(债权人)享有票据的全部权利:付款请求权和追索权。
国际结算总复习14页word文档
国际结算总复习第一篇1、国际结算的含义——是对国际间债权债务进行了结和清算的一种经济行为。
——就是运用一定的金融工具,采取一定的方式,利用一定的渠道,通过一定的媒介机构,进行国与国的货币支付行为,从而使国际间债务债权得以清偿。
2、国际结算的基本要素结算工具——货币现金的票据(汇票、本票、支票等)结算方式——汇款(无证支付)、托收、信用证(有证支付)单据——国际贸易中的物权凭证(基本单据,如商业发票、提单和保单)和附属凭证(如场地证明书、品质检验书和卫生证明书)3、票据的含义——是指由出票人签发的、无条件约定由自己或委托他人在一定日期支付确定金额的流通证券。
4、票据的特性(1)设权性——票据为持票人创设金钱给付请求权,而非证明原有的债权(2)流通性——通过直接交付或背书后交付完成转让(3)无因性——票据一旦做成,票据权利和义务的执行就与票据原因相分离(4)要式性——形式和内容都符合法律规定(5)文义性——票据上权利的内容,完全依据票据上所记载的内容确定(6)货币性——以支付货币为目的(7)债权性——持有票据即拥有票据权利,可凭票据取得票款(8)提示性——票据上的债权人请求债务人履行票据义务时,必须向付款人提示票据,才能请求付给票款(9)返还性(10)可追索性——票据遭到拒付,正当持票人可向票据债务人追索,要求取得票据权利5、票据的作用(1)结算作用(汇兑支付)——票据最原始简单的作用是作为支付手段,代替现金使用(2)信用作用——个人之间的借贷、贸易双方之间的延期偿付,都可以利用票据这个信用工具(3)流通作用——票据可以经过背书转让,从而用以抵偿多方间的债务(4)融资作用——通过票据的约期付款和向银行的贴现和再贴现,票据可以用于融资6、票据行为(1)出票——做成票据,交付票据(2)背书(3)保证——非票据债务人仅凭自己信用对票据有关债务人(出票人、背书人、承兑人等)支付票款作担保的行为(4)承兑——远期票据付款人承诺到期支付票据金额的行为(5)提示——持票人将票据提交付款人要求其付款或承兑的行为(6)付款(7)追索(8)参加承兑——票据付款人以外的当事人对已被拒绝承兑的票据进行承兑以阻止持票人行使追索权维护票据债务声誉的行为(9)参加付款——对被拒付票据付款以维护票据某一债务人声誉的行为7、票据的基本当事人——出票人、受票人或付款人、收款人票据的其他当事人——背书人、承兑人、持票人、保证人8、汇票的含义——是指签发人签发的,委托付款人在见票时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或持票人的票据。
(完整版)国际结算复习资料
国际结算:是指为清偿国际间的债权债务关系而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付活动。
票据:出票人签发的、承诺自己或委托他人在见票时或指定日期向收款人或持票人无条件支付一定金额、可以流通转让的一种有价证券。
汇票:由出票人签发的,委托付款人在见票时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的票据。
本票:出票人做成的一项无条件的书面自我支付承诺。
支票:无条件的书面支付命令,是一种以银行为付款人的即期汇票。
正当持票人:取得或受让票据时是善意的,并给付对价。
对价:可以支持一项简单交易之物。
出票:即票据的签发。
包括两个环节:一是做成汇票,并由出票人本人或授权人签名;二是将汇票交付给收款人。
背书:汇票的持有者在汇票背面加注签章并将汇票交给被背书人的行为。
承兑:远期汇票的付款人签章于汇票的正面,明确表示于到期日支付票据金额的一种票据行为。
顺汇:又称汇付,是指债务人主动将款项交给本国银行,委托该银行通过某种结算工具的使用将款项汇付给国外债权人或者收款人。
逆汇;是指债权人通过出具票据委托本国银行向国外债务人收取汇票金额的结算方式。
汇款:银行根据汇款人或客户的委托,以一定的方式,通过其国外联行或代理行,将一定金额的货币支付给国外收款人或债权人的结算方式。
托收:出口商开立金融票据或商业票据或两者兼有,委托托收行通过其联行或代理行向进口商收取货款或劳务费用的结算方式。
付款交单D/P:代收行必须在进口商付清票款后,才将商业票据包括提单交给进口商的一种提单方式。
承兑交单(D/A):代收行在付款人承兑远期汇票后,把商业单据交给付款人,于汇票到期日时由付款人付款的一种交单方式。
跟单托收:DOCUMENTAY BILL FOR COLLECTION按金融单据是否随附商业单据分为两种,一种是金融票据随商业单据的托收,另一种是商业单据不付金融单据的托收。
光票托收:CLEAN BILL FOR COLLECTION出口商仅开立汇票而不附有任何的商业单据,委托银行收取货款的一种托收方式。
国际结算复习.doc
名词解释国际结算、国际贸易结算、非贸易结算、广义票据、狭义票据、追索权、汇票、本票、支票、包买票据、狭义的票据行为、广义票据行为、顺汇、逆汇、托收、信托收据、托收出口押汇、国际保理、信用证、可转让信用证、背对背信用证、预支信用证问答题1、票据流通的形式。
2、票据的特性。
3、本票与汇票的异同4、票据的功能。
5、包买票据业务的优缺点:6、电汇、信汇、票汇三种方式的比较:7、托收指示的重要性有三点:8、跟单托收是建立在商业信用基础上的,若进口商出于某种原因,不按合同履行付款义务,9、岀口商的风险防范措施10、银行在托收业务中的资金融通11、保理提供哪些服务项目?12、保理业务的积极作用是什么?13、出口保理业务的注意事项14、论述跟单据信用证应贯彻独立和分离的原则15、信用证申请人在申请开证以前,与受益人对于如何开证,至少要在以下七个方面达成一致意见:16、信用证申请人对于开立信用证,应承担的义务和责任17、受益人最好交单给指定银行,为什么?18、简要回答贴现与议付的异同。
19、背对背信用证与可转让信用证的比较。
20、海运提单的功能21、由海运提单功能产生的积极作用22、什么是不可流通转让海运单,其基本功能是什么?23、不可流通转让海运单与提单的区别案例一案情介绍:1995年4月,香港某公司委托当地A银行通过内地B银行向某进出口公司托收货款。
B 银行收到单据后向某进岀口公司(付款人)提示,要求其按托收金额USD205020. 00付款。
同年12月,付款人通知B银行,该公司已将USD165020. 00直接汇给岀票人,授权B银行将剩余的货款USD40000. 00通过A银行付给出票人。
付款人在支付了余款后,B银行遂将单据交给了付款人。
1996年5月,香港某公司(岀票人)致函B银行称,这种做法严重伤害了该公司的正当权益,违背了国际惯例及《URC522》准则。
案例分析参考要点:国际商会《URC522》第19条第6款规定:“跟单托收时,部分付款只有在托收指示特别授权时才被接受。
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国际结算总复习第一篇1、国际结算的含义——是对国际间债权债务进行了结和清算的一种经济行为。
——就是运用一定的金融工具,采取一定的方式,利用一定的渠道,通过一定的媒介机构,进行国与国的货币支付行为,从而使国际间债务债权得以清偿。
2、国际结算的基本要素结算工具——货币现金的票据(汇票、本票、支票等)结算方式——汇款(无证支付)、托收、信用证(有证支付)单据——国际贸易中的物权凭证(基本单据,如商业发票、提单和保单)和附属凭证(如场地证明书、品质检验书和卫生证明书)3、票据的含义——是指由出票人签发的、无条件约定由自己或委托他人在一定日期支付确定金额的流通证券。
4、票据的特性(1)设权性——票据为持票人创设金钱给付请求权,而非证明原有的债权(2)流通性——通过直接交付或背书后交付完成转让(3)无因性——票据一旦做成,票据权利和义务的执行就与票据原因相分离(4)要式性——形式和内容都符合法律规定(5)文义性——票据上权利的内容,完全依据票据上所记载的内容确定(6)货币性——以支付货币为目的(7)债权性——持有票据即拥有票据权利,可凭票据取得票款(8)提示性——票据上的债权人请求债务人履行票据义务时,必须向付款人提示票据,才能请求付给票款(9)返还性(10)可追索性——票据遭到拒付,正当持票人可向票据债务人追索,要求取得票据权利5、票据的作用(1)结算作用(汇兑支付)——票据最原始简单的作用是作为支付手段,代替现金使用(2)信用作用——个人之间的借贷、贸易双方之间的延期偿付,都可以利用票据这个信用工具(3)流通作用——票据可以经过背书转让,从而用以抵偿多方间的债务(4)融资作用——通过票据的约期付款和向银行的贴现和再贴现,票据可以用于融资6、票据行为(1)出票——做成票据,交付票据(2)背书(3)保证——非票据债务人仅凭自己信用对票据有关债务人(出票人、背书人、承兑人等)支付票款作担保的行为(4)承兑——远期票据付款人承诺到期支付票据金额的行为(5)提示——持票人将票据提交付款人要求其付款或承兑的行为(6)付款(7)追索(8)参加承兑——票据付款人以外的当事人对已被拒绝承兑的票据进行承兑以阻止持票人行使追索权维护票据债务声誉的行为(9)参加付款——对被拒付票据付款以维护票据某一债务人声誉的行为7、票据的基本当事人——出票人、受票人或付款人、收款人票据的其他当事人——背书人、承兑人、持票人、保证人8、汇票的含义——是指签发人签发的,委托付款人在见票时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或持票人的票据。
9、汇票的内容(绝对必要记载项目)“汇票”字样、无条件付款命令、确定的金额、付款人的名称、收款人的名称、出票日期、出票人签字10、汇票的种类按付款时间不同——即期汇票、远期汇票按出票人不同——银行汇票、商业汇票按承兑人不同——银行承兑汇票、商业承兑汇票有无附属单据——光票汇票、跟单汇票按基本关系人不同——一般汇票、变式汇票11、背书转让的方式特别背书——记名背书:内容背书完整,记载支付给被背书人的名称,并经背书人签字空白背书——无记名背书:不记载被背书人的名称,只有背书人的签字。
签名后转让,会被追索;不签名,直接交付转让,不会被追索限制性背书——支付给被背书人的指示中带有限制性词语,以防止汇票继续转让的一种背书,它是不可转让和流通的托收背书——记载有“委托收款”字样的背书,委托被背书人代为行使票据权利,因此不能再转让票据质押背书——背书人以票据的债权作抵押物而对票据所做的一种背书。
背书人可以赎回票据,它非票据债权的转移12、本票的含义——是出票人签发的,承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或持票人的票据。
13、本票和汇票的区别(1)本票是有出票人自己付款的票据汇票的基本当事人有出票人、付款人、收款人;本票的基本当事人只有两个:出票人和收款人。
本票的出票人就是付款人,它是出票人保证自己付款的一种承诺;而汇票是出票人要求付款人付款的委托或命令。
(2)本票是无条件支付的承诺汇票的付款人只有在承兑之后才负绝对的付款责任;而本票在完成出票行为后,即负绝对的付款责任(3)汇票付款人在一式几张汇票中只承兑一张,而本票只需要出一张。
14、支票的含义——是出票人签发的,委托办理支票存储业务的银行或其他金融机构在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的票据。
15、支票的特征(1)支票是见票即付的票据(2)支票是由银行付款的票据第二篇1、汇付的含义——是指在订立商务合同后,进口商将货款交给进口地银行,要求银行通过一定的方式,委托在出口地的代理行或国外联行,将款项交付给出口商的一种结算方式,也称汇款。
2、汇付的特点——汇付是建立在商业信用基础上的结算方式,它的信用属于商业信用,取决于交易一方对另一方的信用,或卖方信用,或买方信用,买卖双方必有一方承担着较大的风险。
3、汇付的种类及其业务程序(图示)(1)电汇汇款(T/T)——加押电讯文件的方式(2)信汇汇款(M/T)——邮寄信函的方式(3)票汇汇款(D/D)——银行汇票4、汇款在国际经济与贸易中的主要应用方式(1)预付货款——指进口商先将部分或全部货款给出口商,出口商收到货款后再发货。
随订单付现是其中的一种典型方式。
在以下情况下经常采取预付货款的方式A.对于买方急需的商品B.出口商是信誉极好的大公司、大企业或跨国公司C.进口商信誉不佳或出口商对进口商的资信不了解D.出口商资金缺乏E.在大型设备、大型机械等或工程承包交易中(2)货到付款——指出口商先发货,待进口商收到货后再付款。
交货付现是一种典型方式。
常用于以下两种业务A.售定——进口商收到货物后按事先定妥的货物价格付款。
快销品,如鲜活商品,一般性日用消费品出口商对进口商的诚信有怀疑B.寄售——指出口商出运货物委托进口商代卖,价格未定,进口商可以随性就市,自定价格出售货物,等到货物卖出后,扣除佣金,再将货款汇付出口商。
在国内的滞销品或商品本身有缺陷,为了在国外促销;新产品在国外试销,为打开国外市场;参加国外商品交易会、博览会或展示会后的展品处理。
5、托收的概念——债权人或受益人通过某种票据委托银行向债务人或付款人收取款项的结算方式。
6、托收的业务程序(跟单托收的业务程序)(图示)7、托收当事人的权利和义务(1)委托人——即开出汇票委托银行办理托收业务的出口商权责:A.明确指示——委托人的托收指示应力求明确具体B.及时提示——委托人在接到银行有关拒付或发生意外情况的通知时,应及时指示银行有关单据的处理方法C.负担费用——委托人应负担受托银行办理托收的手续费和代垫的各项费用和开支,除付款人支付的除外。
(2)托收行——即受出口商委托的银行,通常是出口商在其所在地开立账户的银行。
权责:A.执行委托人的指示——严格按照委托人的托收申请书缮制托收指示书B.核实单据——托收行必须核实委托人所交来的单据种类和份数是否与托收申请书所列相符。
对于单据内容与合同是否相符,银行对此没有审核义务。
C.承担过失损失(3)代收行——即接受托收行委托向进口商收款的银行,可以是参与托收业务的除托收行外的任何银行,通常是托收行在进口商所在地的代理行。
权责:A.对托收行指示的处理——代收行没有处理托收或执行托收指示或其后相关指示的义务,它仅依照托收指示行事,不从审核单据中获取托收指示;除非托收指示中另有授权,银行对来自委托方之外的任何一方的指示将不予理会。
B.对单据的处理——待制单据;确认所收到的单据与托收指示书所列的是否一致;银行在托收业务中只处理单据,而与货物或买卖合同无关;无延误地付款;通知代收情况。
(4)付款人——即进口商,是商务合同中的债务人。
权责:付款人在规定期限内不采取行动,必须向提示行说明理由,否则构成违约;付款人有权按照贸易合同审核单据,如果不符合合同要求,有权拒付。
(以上四个是基本当事人)(5)提示行——即向付款人提示提交单据的银行,也称交单行,一般情况下是由代收行充当。
8、托收方式下的融资(1)出口托收押汇——出口商在委托托收行向进口商收取款项的同时,要求托收行对所提交的全套单据先预付部分或全部货款,等到托收款项受托后归还银行的预付款的方式。
A.是托收行向出口商提供的一种资金融通方式。
B.托收行做出口托收押汇,相当于买入出口商开立的以进口商为付款人的跟单汇票以及所附的商业单据,将货款扣除利息及费用后,净额付给出口商。
C.银行降低风险的做法——审核单据与合同、单据与单据之间的一致性;要求出口商提供一份出口托收押汇申请书,载明押汇的内容、利率、货款拒付时托收行对出口商的追索权;核定出口商的资信状况、履约能力和清偿能力;考虑交单方式;注重保险单据的作用。
(2)进口托收押汇与信托收据——进口商在对托收未付款前,向代收行出具一份书面担保文件,即信托收据,凭此信托收据向代收行杰出货运单据,以便于进口商办理报关、提货及出售。
A.是代收行向进口商提供给的一种资金融通方式。
B.代收行接受信托收据并借此借出单据后,成为信托人,进口商成为被信托人,进口商对货物无物权,物权掌握在代收行手中,销售的货款也属于代收行,进口商只能向代收行付款并赎回信托收据。
9、信用证的含义——银行(开证行)根据买方(申请人)的要求和指示向卖方(受益人)开立的、在一定期限内凭指定的单据符合信用证条款,即期或在一个可以确定的将来的日期,兑付一定金额的书面承诺。
10、跟单信用证的特点(1)信用证是由银行承担第一性付款责任的书面承诺。
(2)信用证是一项独立的文件,不依附于贸易合同,不受合同条款的约束。
(3)信用证业务额处理是以单据为准而不是以货物为准,遵循单证相符,单单相符。
11、信用证的种类(应用)(1)不可撤销与可撤销信用证A.可撤销信用证——指开证行对所开信用证不必征得受益人同意有权随时修改、撤销的信用证。
(若其他银行在收到修改或取消通知之前,已按信用证要求支付、承兑或议付了出口商的汇票、单据,开证行应负责偿付。
)B.不可撤销信用证——信用证如果要修改或取消,必须经过开证行与受益人两方的同意,若有保兑行,还得经过保兑行的同意。
(2)保兑的与不保兑的信用证——根据信用证有无开证行以外的其他银行加以保兑分类A.保兑信用证实际上保兑的都是不可撤销的信用证B.保兑信用证如需修改,要经过开证行、受益人和保兑行三方的同意。
(3)即期付款、延期付款、承兑和议付信用证——根据兑现方式分类A.即期付款信用证——注明“即期付款兑现”的信用证。
只要受益人提交符合信用证要求的单据,开证行或保兑行必须见单即付。
(受益人可开立汇票或不开立汇票;开证行自己付款或其他银行付款。
)B.延期付款信用证——指不需汇票,仅凭受益人交来单据,审核相符,开证行必须按信用证规定在一个确定的到期日付款。