UoEBS_AF4-5

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01005 Design Assembleon

©A s s e m b l éo n 1Keeping Cost per placement under control using 01005 componentsJeroen de GrootMarketing Director Assembleon AsiaOctober 13th©A s s e m bl éo n 2Market of microchips (0201 and 01005 size)Cellular phone(Board of main body)0201Small video (DSC, DVC, etc.)©A s s e m b l éo n 3Migration of microchips to modules•Component distribution (source: Murata ):–Now: 70 % of microchips on main board (30 % in modules)–Future (3-5 years from now): 60% of microchips in modules•Reasons for this migration:–Difficult to solder both microchips and large IC ’s at same board –Less RF specific competence needed–Reduced investments at manufacturer of end-products•Less specific production equipment necessary (wire bonders, FC placers, etc.)–Shorter Time-to-market (TTM)•Off-the-shelf functionality–More flexibility in mobile phone design•Diversity based on modular architecture©A s s e m b l éo n 5Design•Traces may have to pass around the component. Stencil printing•Finer grain size of the solder particles in the solder paste •The risk of blocked stencil apertures and bridging•The need for using even thinner stencils ( down to 50 µm)Inspection•Visual inspection and willbecome more difficult and repair is not possibleChallenges for ‘01005’ componentsSource: Philips CFT –February 2003Component placement•Required placement accuracy better than 50 micron (3 sigma)•Special nozzle (with an extremely small nozzle diameter)•Placement force is critical (risk of component cracking)•High resolution vision camera •Positional accuracy of feeder and tape•Measuring / correcting pick-up position Soldering•Poor solder balling.©A s s e m b l éo n 6‘01005’ process challenges•‘01005’ chip size requires thinner stencils ( down to 50 µm ) and does not fit in existing reflow process for applications with mixed components. Extra process steps would be necessary and existing lines must be adapted accordingly.•‘01005’ components can be used in modules & System InPackage (SiP) applications where all the components are small •The available process window for lead free soldering of ‘01005’ is more critical. Due to higher temperatures the risk of flux evaporation is present.©A s s e m b l éo n 9Parallel principle of operation©A s s e m b l éo n 11Factors that influence efficiency•Workload ….•Scheduled downtime–Easy to maintain systems•Unscheduled downtime–Easy to repair/replace systems•Model change–Fast to changeover systems•New product introduction–First time right systems•General operator practice and behavior–Easy to use systems•Supporting processes (e.g. logistics)•...©A s s e m b l éo n 12Requirements –01005 process•Pick process–Feeder indexing accuracy–Auto pick correction at system level•Alignment process–Alignment unit resolution•Placement process–Placement accuracy•Placement force control©A s s e m b l éo n 13Much waste material !Much waste material !©A s s e m b l éo n 19Helping you to reduce PPM levels -1©A s s e m b l éo n 20Helping you to reduce PPM levels -2©A s s e m b l éo n 21Solder Paste Pattern AlignmentGenerally component follows solderpaste offsets in both X and Y direction©A s s e m b l éo n 22Use of pattern entities as fiducialsFigure of M. Nikeshina/Pre-developmentPM1PM2Artwork recognition5.45.8 5.65.053.63.453.83.83.43.13.322.962.62.652.832.42.32.322.162.242.02Interspacing (8×200μm150μm100μm80μm60μm884SMD / cm©A s s e m b l éo n 25Placement accuracy 75 micron©A s s e m b l éo n 26Placement accuracy 50 micron©A s s e m b l éo n 28Typical process failures©A s s e m b l éo n 29Placement force control•Static Component Break Strength–The static 0201 placement force should be lower than 3N. What ’s more, according to the Murata formula, 01005 component break strength is expected to be 43.56% compared with 0201 components . This also suggests that the 01005 “static ” placement force setting should be about 1.5N or less•Impact Force Control–The dynamic behavior of the placement action can also be the cause of chip damage. Therefore, preferably, the peak of the impact force should be lower than the static placement force setting.•Board support & Board Height control–For 0201/01005 placement, it is important to control the placement impact and force, being independent from either board support system (elasticity of the placement point) or board height.settingF =©A s s e m b l éo n 32。

新概念英语第二册课后习题答案详解_and_单元测试答案(全)之欧阳理创编

新概念英语第二册课后习题答案详解Lesson 11. b选b最为正确。

因为a.d.都与课文内容不符合，也不合乎逻辑；c.的意思是“他们没有注意他”，而作者的意图并不是想让他们注意他，而是想让他们停止谈话。

所以选b. 最能表达作者当时心里的感受。

2．c其余3个答案都与原句意思不符合。

3．b因为 a. to 不对，可以是He went to the theatre;c. into 也不对，可以是He went into the theatre;d. on更不符合语法，表示在某一个地方用介词in 或at, in 表示在大的空间，如国家，城市等，at 则表示在小的地点或空间，如atthe office, at the theatre 等, 所以选b.是正确的。

4．db. above(在……上方)；c. ahead of (在……的前面，在……之前)不和behind 对应，也不强调位置的前后顺序。

a. before 和d. infront of 都是和behind 对应的，都有“在……前面”的意思。

但in front of 更具体的强调位置，而before则包含更宽泛的意思，即时间上，空间，次序，登记，重要性方面的“在……前面”5．c因为用a. Where, b. why, d. when 提问都不符合逻辑，都不是针对状态提问的，只有How提问，才能用Angry回答。

6．ab. they 只做主语；c. their只能做定语；d. us 虽然可以做宾语，但与前一句意思不符合。

7．da. none是代词，很少用在名词前面；b. any 只能用在否定句或疑问句中；c. not any 不符合语法，因为前面没有助动词did.8.ba. chair(椅子)， c. armchair(手扶椅) d. class(班级) 这3个选择都和seat的意思不符合。

Seat是”座位，座席”的意思。

强调的是可供坐下的地方，不是具体的椅子。

Valtek MaxFlo 4 Eccentric Rotary Plug Control Valv

Valtek MaxFlo 4 Eccentric Rotary Plug Control ValveMaxFlo 4 Eccentric Rotary Plug Control Valve2The Flowserve Valtek MaxFlo 4 control valve is a high performance eccentric rotary plug valve designed for the process industry. It features a large capacity, standard hardened trim and superior shaft blow-out protection. This valve is available in sizes 1 through 12 inches, ASME Class 150, 300 and 600 as well as DIN PN 10, PN16, PN 25, PN40 and PN63.An optional ISA 75.08.01 or DIN EN 558 series 1 long-pattern body makes this valve an easy drop-in replacement for a globe control valve.The MaxFlo 4 is suitable for most applications; its control valve features include:• Highest Rated Cv • Precise Control • Reliable Shut-off• Most Current Safety Standards • Fugitive Emissions Elimination •Integral Noise Reduction PlatesHighest Rated CvThe unique design of the MaxFlo 4 shaft and plug provide as much as 70% more Cvcompared to the competition. This allows customers to get more flow when neededand sometimes allows for a smaller, more economical valve to be used.Precise ControlThe MaxFlo 4 polygon connection between the shaft and plug is a proven superiormethod for making demanding mechanical connections that are stronger, more preciseand have a substantially longer service life. This reduces backlash and the high strengthof the polygon connections makes them capable of withstanding greater shock loadsunder extreme torque reversal conditions.Reliable Shut-offThe MaxFlo 4 double-offset eccentric plug rotates into the seat at an angle that eliminatessliding over the seat surface. This design reduces seat wear, and thereby decreases main-tenance requirements and costs. At the same time, a tight ANSI Class VI shutoff is easilyobtainable using the soft seat design.Safety StandardThe shaft is designed to meet the safety requirements of industry standard ASME B16.34to ensure that the shaft is retained even if the actuator is removed when the valve is stillpressurized. This is standard on every MaxFlo 4 to provide our customers with confidenceand safety.3Separate bonnet ensures positive anti-blowout, accommodates multiple packing options, and offers flexibility in material selection for demandingapplications.Heavy-duty rigid metal seat,with hardfaced or soft-seat options, provides tighter shutoff, and easier maintenance. Available in full area and several reductions in every size to suit your process needs.Blow out proof shaft required by ASME B16.34 2004 Sec 6.5 ensures safety. Standard on every MaxFlo 4.An economical flangeless configuration of the MaxFlo 4 is also available. The standard flanged body is the same length. To replace existing globe valves we offer the flanged body with the same face to face length as a globe valve (Per ISA 75.08.01).4Open Flow Path gives as much as 70%more C v than competitive valves that have the shaft obstructing the flow. In many cases it is possible to use a smaller, more economical MaxFlo 4.Flanged end post allows for easy maintenance.Hard stainless steel plug requires no breakout torque and increases valve life as the plug lifts off the seat immediately when it begins rotating.Precision NC machined plug and shaft significantly reduces maintenance costs byallowing replacement of only the necessary parts.Polygon shaft/plug connection for precise robust control.Shimless seat offers simplified assembly and easy maintenance.5Eliminate Fugitive EmissionsSpecial Flowserve packing sets, such as SureGuard XT live loaded packing, are available to control fugitive emissions. Packing options include: PTFE V-Ring, Braided PTFE, Graphite, Sureguard XT, Garlock SVS, LATTYflon 3265 LM and LATTYgraf 6995 NG (meeting requirements for TA-Luft, ISO 15848-1 class B and A, and EPA standards).Integral Noise-Reduction Plate OptionDesigned to reduce noise levels by 5 to 10 dBA, our integral plate fits into the valve body. It can be easily maintained using the same tools required for the seat retainer. It is perfectly suitable with all gases in the shaft-downstream direction, and the plate does not change the length of the valve.Integrated Control Valve SolutionOperated by a diaphragm, piston, or rack-and-pinion actuator coupled with a Logix digital positioner, the MaxFlo 4 maintains high positioning accuracy, repeatability, controlled high speed and reliable response. With the advanced diagnostic solutions that can be seamlessly integrated into a host control and/or plant asset management system, along with state-of-the-art features and performance, the MaxFlo 4 is the most economical Eccentric Rotary Plug valve in the market.NR Diaphragm Rotary ActuatorThe Flowserve NR diaphragm rotary actuator is a rugged single-acting actuator designed to provide high performance, long life and reliability. The diaphragm actuator is very sensitive to small changes in air supply, which allows it toprecisely move the valve plug without over shoot.6Logix 3000MD+ Digital PositionerEasiest calibration and configuration of any positioner available. Single, push-button calibration and DIP switch configuration allow you to fully commission the positioner in a matter of minutes. Using ValveSight Software DTM brings the availability of 24/7 diagnostics.For more information see document number LGENIM0059 and LGENIM3404 at .Logix 500MD+ Series Digital PositionerTo minimize your total cost of ownership and maximize productivity, Flowserve developed the Logix MD+ digital positioner. The Logix MD+ digital positioner allows for fast, simple commis-sioning, extremely accurate and reliable control, and diagnostic features that provide powerfuland easy ways to determine when maintenance is required.ValveSight™ Diagnostic Software – Prevention deliveredValveSight is a diagnostic solution for control valves that can be seamlessly integrated into a host control and/or plant asset management system. The power of ValveSight is the intel-ligent diagnostic engine -- which detects an emerging condition in the valve, actuator, posi-tioner, and control signal -- that may indicate a performance, safety, or environmental problem. ValveSight advises which corrective actions totake to prevent a failure.VR Spring Cylinder Rotary ActuatorThe Flowserve VR spring cylinder rotary actuator combines high torque and pneu-matic stiffness with excellent throttling capabilities. These characteristics are designed into a lightweight, rugged and compact assembly, making the Flowserve spring cylinder rotary actuator an excel-lent choice for quarter-turn applications.SuperNova Rack & Pinion Rotary ActuatorThe Flowserve SuperNova rack & pinion rotary actuator is designed forreliability, versatility and safety. Rugged, yet compact construction combined with technical solutions make this product extremely reliable in the severest of operating conditionsLogix 420 Digital PositionerThe Logix 420 is the latest addition to the digital positioner family from Flowserve. When mounted to the MaxFlo 4 eccentric rotary plugcontrol valve, Logix 420 provides the user with a cost competitive solutionfor the general service, explosion proof market. For more information see document numberLGENIM0106 at www .Unparalleled Service: Day or Night, WorldwideFlowserve Quick Response Centers (QRCs) are equipped with thousands of parts, including OEM andFlowserve custom-built products. Each has the manpower andequipment to expedite time-sensitiverepairs of any size.7To find your local Flowserve representative:For more information about Flowserve Corporation, visit or callUSA 1 800 225 6989 or International +1 972 910 0774FCD VLENBR0064-01-AQ Printed in USA. November 2015. © 2015 Flowserve Corporation United States Flowserve1350 N. Mt. Springs Parkway Springville, UT 84663USAPhone: +1 801 489 8611Fax: +1 801 489 3719AustriaFlowserve Control Valves GmbH Kasernengasse 69500 Villach AustriaPhone: +43 (0)4242 41181 0Fax: +43 (0)4242 41181 50FranceFlowserve France S.A.S.BP 60 63307 Thiers Cedex FrancePhone: 33 4738 04266Fax: 33 4738 01424IndiaFlowserve India Controls Pvt. Ltd Plot # 4, 1A, E.P .I.P , Whitefield Bangalore Kamataka India 560 066Phone: +91 80 284 10 289Fax: +91 80 284 10 286SingaporeFlowserve Pte. Ltd.12 Tuas Avenue 20Republic of Singapore 638824SingaporePhone: +65 6879 8900Fax: +65 6862 4940Saudi ArabiaFlowserve Abahsain Flow Control Co., Ltd.Makkah Road, Phase 4Plot 10 & 12, 2nd Industrial City Damman, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaPhone: +966 3 857 3150 ext. 243Fax: +966 3 857 4243ChinaFlowserve Fluid Motion and Control (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.No. 35, Baiyu RoadSuzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou Jiangsu Province, P .R. 215021ChinaPhone: 86 512 6288 8790Fax: 86 512 6288 8736。

NI 5783 Four Channel Transceiver Adapter Module 的说

DEVICE SPECIFICATIONSNI 5783Four Channel Transceiver Adapter ModuleThis document lists specifications for the NI 5783 adapter module. Pair these specifications with the specifications listed in your FlexRIO FPGA module specifications document or your Controller for FlexRIO specifications document.Caution The protection provided by the NI 5783 can be impaired if it is used in amanner not described in this document.Caution To avoid permanent damage to the NI 5783, disconnect all signalsconnected to the NI 5783 before powering down the module, and only connectsignals after the module has been powered on by the FlexRIO FPGA module or theController for FlexRIO.Note All numeric specifications are typical unless otherwise noted. All graphsillustrate the performance of a representative module.Specifications are subject to change without notice. For the most recent device specifications, visit /manuals.ContentsFlexRIO Documentation (2)Analog Input (3)General Characteristics (3)Typical Specifications (4)Analog Output (9)General Characteristics (9)Typical Specifications (10)CLK/REF IN (13)TRIG General Characteristics (14)AUX I/O (Port 0 DIO <0..3>, Port 1 DIO <0..3>, and PFI <0..3> (15)Power (15)Physical (15)Environment (16)Operating Environment (16)Storage Environment (16)Shock and Vibration (16)Compliance and Certifications (17)Safety (17)Electromagnetic Compatibility (17)CE Compliance (17)Online Product Certification (18)Environmental Management (18)FlexRIO Documentation2| | NI 5783 SpecificationsTable 1. FlexRIO Documentation Locations and Descriptions (Continued)Analog InputGeneral CharacteristicsNumber of channels Four, single-ended, simultaneously sampled Connector Type HDBNC (high-density BNC)Input type50 ΩInput coupling DCNI 5783 Specifications| © National Instruments| 3Sample rateInternal Sample Clock100 MHzExternal Sample Clock60 MHz to 100 MHzAnalog-to-digital converter (ADC)Type Quad, 16-bitPart number AD9653Related InformationFor more information about the ADC, refer to the AD9653 datasheet at . Typical SpecificationsFull-scale input range (normal operating conditions)Elliptic 2.030 V pk-pkButterworth 2.037 V pk-pkDC accuracyElliptic±[(0.80% × reading) + 3.5 mV]Butterworth±[(1.00% × reading) + 3.75 mV]Input impedanceElliptic50 Ω ± 0.5%Butterworth50 Ω ± 0.8%Bandwidth (-3 dB)Elliptic39.4 MHzButterworth39.5 MHzNote All AI spectral performance values apply to both the Elliptic and Butterworthvariants.1Measured at 10.1 MHz with a -1 dBFS signal adjusted to full-scale.2Calculated from SINAD corrected to fullscale.3Measured at 10.1 MHz with a -1 dBFS signal.4| | NI 5783 SpecificationsTable 3. AI Noise Spectral DensityNote All AI channel crosstalk values apply to both the Elliptic and Butterworth variants.Figure 1. AI CrosstalkAmplitude(dBc)Frequency (Hz)NI 5783 Specifications| © National Instruments| 5Figure 2. AI Frequency Response (Zoomed Out)N o r m a l i z e d A m p l i t u d e t o 100 k H z (d B )Frequency (Hz)Figure 3. AI Frequency Response (Zoomed In)N o r m a l i z e d A m p l i t u d e t o100 k H z (d B )Frequency (Hz)6 | | NI 5783 SpecificationsFigure 4. AI Step Response (Butterworth)A m p l i t u d e (V )1–50 m050 m100 m 150 m 200 m 250 m 300 m 350 m 400 m 450 m 500 m 550 m 600 m 650 m 700 m 750 m 800 m 850 m 900 m 950 m Time (ns)20020–10406080100120140160180Figure 5. AI Step Response (Elliptic)A m p l i t u d e (V )–50 m050 m100 m 150 m 200 m 250 m 300 m 350 m 400 m 450 m 500 m 550 m 600 m 650 m 700 m 750 m 800 m 850 m 900 m 950 m 1Time (ns)20020–10406080100120140160180NI 5783 Specifications | © National Instruments | 7Figure 6. AI Spectral (10.1 MHz at -1 dBFS input signal, 6.1 kHz RBW, 10 Averages)A m p l i t u d e (dB F S )0–120–115–110–105–100–95–90–85–80–75–70–65–60–55–50–45–40–35–30–25–20–15–10–5Frequency (Hz)50 M0 2 M6 M10 M14 M18 M22 M26 M30 M34 M38 M42 M46 MNote AI Spectral figure applies to both the Elliptic and Butterworth variants.Figure 7.AI Return LossA m p l i t u d e (dB )Frequency (Hz)8 | | NI 5783 SpecificationsAnalog OutputGeneral CharacteristicsNumber of channels Four, single-ended, simultaneously updated Connector type HDBNC (high-density BNC)Output type50 ΩOutput coupling DCDigital-to-analog converter (DAC)Type Quad, 16-bitPart number DAC3484Minimum analog input to analog output response time4100 MS/s1130 ns200 MS/s720 ns400 MS/s550 nsRelated InformationFor more information about the DAC, refer to the DAC3484 datasheet at .4Minimum time to digitize a signal (AI) and output a response (AO). Time measured from signal entering the AI connector, passing into and out of the LabVIEW FPGA diagram, and observed at the AO connector.5400 MS/s with 2x interpolation is available only when operating in 2 channel analog output mode.NI 5783 Specifications| © National Instruments| 9Typical SpecificationsFull-scale output range (normal operation conditions)50 Ω 1.001 V pk-pk High-Z2.002 V pk-pkDC accuracy (into High-Z)±[(2.0% × desired voltage) + 4.4 mV]Output impedance 50 Ω ± 0.7%SFDR 6-81 dBcTable 6. AO Noise Spectral Density (into 50 Ω)Table 7. AO Channel Crosstalk (10 MHz)Figure 8. AO Crosstalk (into 50 Ω Load)A m p l i t u d e (dB c )Frequency (Hz)610.1 MHz tone at -1 dBFS.10 | | NI 5783 SpecificationsFigure 9. AO Frequency Response Across Data RateN o r m a l i z e d A m p l i t u d e t o 100 k H z (d B )0–10–9.5–9.0–8.5–8.0–7.5–7.0–6.5–6.0–5.5–5.0–4.5–4.0–3.5–3.0–2.5–2.0–1.5–1.0–0.5Frequency (Hz)Figure 10. AO Phase Noise (Signal at 12.1 MHz)A m p l i t u d e (dB c /H z )–95–155–150–145–140–135–130–125–120–115–110–105–100Offset from Carrier (Hz)1 M101001 k10 k100 k–160NI 5783 Specifications | © National Instruments | 11Figure 11. AO Return LossA m p l i t u d e (dB )0–32–30–28–26–24–22–20–18–16–14–12–10–8–6–4–2Frequency (Hz)300 M10 M40 M60 M80 M 100 M 120 M 140 M 160 M 180 M 200 M 220 M 240 M 260 M 280 M Figure 12. AO Two Tone, Each T one at -7 dBFS, 69.95 MHz, and 70.05 MHz, 500 HzRBW0–95–90–85–80–75–70–65–60–55–50–45–40–35–30–25–20–15–10–5Frequency (Hz)70.5 M69.5 M69.6 M 69.7 M 69.8 M 69.9 M 70.0 M 70.1 M 70.2 M 70.3 M70.4 M A m p l i t u d e (d B m )Note The noise floor in the above figure is limited by the noise floor of themeasurement device. Refer to the AO Noise Spectral Density table for more information.12 | | NI 5783 SpecificationsCLK/REF INConnector type HDBNC (high-density BNC)Input impedance50 ΩInput coupling ACReference input voltage range0.75 V pk-pk to 5.2 V pk-pkSample Clock input voltage range0.4 V pk-pk to 5.2 V pk-pkAbsolute maximum voltage±8.0 VDC, 8.0 V pk-pk ACDuty cycle45% - 55%Internal VCXO phase noise10 Hz-80 dBc/Hz100 Hz-110 dBc/Hz1 kHz-140 dBc/Hz10 kHz-150 dBc/Hz100 kHz-155 dBc/Hz1 MHz-160 dBc/Hz10 MHz-162 dBc/Hz7Default clocking configuration.NI 5783 Specifications| © National Instruments| 13Figure 13. Internal Sample Clock Phase NoiseA m p l i t u d e (dB c /H z )–85–175–170–165–160–155–150–145–140–135–130–125–120–115–110–105–100–95–90Offset Frequency (from carrier)10 M101001 k10 k100 k1 MTRIG General CharacteristicsNumber of channels 1, single-ended Connector type HDBNC Coupling DCImpedanceInput 10 kΩOutput 50 ΩLogic level 3.3 V LVCMOS V oltageV IH_MIN 2 V V IL_MAX0.8 V V OH_MIN (unloaded) 3.1 V V OL_MAX (unloaded)0.2 VAbsolute maximum voltage±20 VDC, +21 dBm (7.1 V pk-pk )14 | | NI 5783 SpecificationsAUX I/O (Port 0 DIO <0..3>, Port 1 DIO <0..3>, and PFI <0..3>Number of channels12 bidirectional (8 DIO and 4 PFI) Connector type HDMIInterface standard 3.3 V LVCMOSInterface logicMaximum V IL0.8 VMinimum V IH 2.0 VMaximum V OL0.4 VMinimum V OH 2.7 VMaximum V OH 3.6 VZ out50 Ω ± 20%I out (DC)±2 mAPull-down resistor150 kΩRecommended operating voltage-0.3 V to 3.6 VOvervoltage protection±10 VMaximum toggle frequency100 MHz+5 V maximum current10 mA+5 V voltage tolerance 4.2 V to 5 VPowerTotal power, typical operation 4.6 WPhysicalDimensions12.9 x 2.0 x 12.1 cm (5.1 x 0.8 x 4.7 in.) Weight420 g (14.8 oz)Front panel connectors Ten HDBNC and one HDMINI 5783 Specifications| © National Instruments| 15EnvironmentMaximum altitude2,000 m (800 mbar) (at 25 °C ambienttemperature)Pollution Degree2Indoor use only.Operating EnvironmentAmbient temperature range0 °C to 55 °C (Tested in accordance withIEC 60068-2-1 and IEC 60068-2-2. MeetsMIL-PRF-28800F Class 3 low temperaturelimit and MIL-PRF-28800F Class 2 hightemperature limit.)Relative humidity range10% to 90%, noncondensing (Tested inaccordance with IEC 60068-2-56.) Storage EnvironmentAmbient temperature range-20 °C to 70 °C (Tested in accordancewith IEC 60068-2-1 and IEC 60068-2-2. MeetsMIL-PRF-28800F Class 3 limits.)Relative humidity range5% to 95%, noncondensing (Tested inaccordance with IEC 60068-2-56.)Shock and VibrationOperating shock30 g peak, half-sine, 11 ms pulse (Tested inaccordance with IEC 60068-2-27. MeetsMIL-PRF-28800F Class 2 limits.)Random vibrationOperating 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 0.3 g rmsNonoperating 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 2.4 g rms (Tested in accordancewith IEC 60068-2-64. Nonoperating testprofile exceeds the requirements ofMIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3.)16| | NI 5783 SpecificationsCompliance and CertificationsSafetyThis product is designed to meet the requirements of the following electrical equipment safety standards for measurement, control, and laboratory use:•IEC 61010-1, EN 61010-1•UL 61010-1, CSA 61010-1Note For UL and other safety certifications, refer to the product label or the OnlineProduct Certification section.Electromagnetic CompatibilityThis product meets the requirements of the following EMC standards for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use:•EN 61326-1 (IEC 61326-1): Class A emissions; Basic immunity•EN 55011 (CISPR 11): Group 1, Class A emissions•EN 55022 (CISPR 22): Class A emissions•EN 55024 (CISPR 24): Immunity•AS/NZS CISPR 11: Group 1, Class A emissions•AS/NZS CISPR 22: Class A emissions•FCC 47 CFR Part 15B: Class A emissions•ICES-001: Class A emissionsNote In the United States (per FCC 47 CFR), Class A equipment is intended foruse in commercial, light-industrial, and heavy-industrial locations. In Europe,Canada, Australia, and New Zealand (per CISPR 11), Class A equipment is intendedfor use only in heavy-industrial locations.Note Group 1 equipment (per CISPR 11) is any industrial, scientific, or medicalequipment that does not intentionally generate radio frequency energy for thetreatment of material or inspection/analysis purposes.Note For EMC declarations, certifications, and additional information, refer to theOnline Product Certification section.CE ComplianceThis product meets the essential requirements of applicable European Directives, as follows:•2014/35/EU; Low-V oltage Directive (safety)•2014/30/EU; Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC)NI 5783 Specifications| © National Instruments| 17Online Product CertificationRefer to the product Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for additional regulatory compliance information. To obtain product certifications and the DoC for this product, visit / certification, search by model number or product line, and click the appropriate link in the Certification column.Environmental ManagementNI is committed to designing and manufacturing products in an environmentally responsible manner. NI recognizes that eliminating certain hazardous substances from our products is beneficial to the environment and to NI customers.For additional environmental information, refer to the Minimize Our Environmental Impact web page at /environment. This page contains the environmental regulations and directives with which NI complies, as well as other environmental information not included in this document.Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)EU Customers At the end of the product life cycle, all NI products must bedisposed of according to local laws and regulations. For more information abouthow to recycle NI products in your region, visit /environment/weee.电子信息产品污染控制管理办法（中国RoHS）中国客户National Instruments符合中国电子信息产品中限制使用某些有害物质指令(RoHS)。

诺西TD四期产品介绍

多通道A频段独立式多通道频段独立式RRU 频段独立式
型号支持频段 TDS载波数 TDS载波数额定输出功率整机效率接收灵敏度体积（体积（升）重量（kg）重量（kg）长期工作温度环境适应标准组网及级联情况光口速率最大光纤距离安装方式供电方式防雷模式 A频段 12A 12W/Path 25% -114dBm <25L <25kg -40～＋55 ℃ IP65 星形、链形、环形 6.144G 40km 抱杆、挂墙、落地安装 DC -48V 内置DC防雷模块，防护等级60KA TRRU3138TRRU3138-a
TD 四期室内四期室内RRU产品形态与规格提升产品形态与规格提升
三期RRU型号三期RRU型号 RRU TRRU261 TRRU291-a 描述单通道B频段RRU，用于室分单B站单通道A频段RRU，现场可更换合路滤波器，用于室分站单B站升级为A+B站载波数 6C 9C 每通道功率 12W 16W 重量 7kg 7kg 体积 8L 8L
BBU 主控板 MPT）（MPT）老基带板 BBI）（BBI）新基带板 BBI）（BBI）传输扩展板（UTRP9） UTRP9）传输扩展板 UTRP2）（UTRP2）
CP3 普通GPS插卡高灵敏度GPS插卡
CP4
单板6C NA NA NA
现网产品可软件升级到单板9C 6个光口（6.144G）；单板12C 4个FE/GE 电口 2个FE/GE光口
单通道A+B+C 单通道A+B+C TRRU3151TRRU3151-abc
8通道A+B一体化通道A+B一体化 A+B TRRU3158iTRRU3158i-ab

Honeywell HX93B Series温湿度传感器说明书

Hu-1HuSpecificationsInput Voltage Range: 30 Vdc maximumHX93B Series: 9 to 30 Vdc HX93BV2 Series: 12 to 30 VdcMeasuring RangeNot for condensing humidity conditions.Temperature:Standard: -30 to 75°C (-22 to 167°F)Special: -20 to 75°C (-4 to 167°F)Relative Humidity: 0 to 100%AccuracyTemperature: ±0.6°C from 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F); ±1.25°C from -30 to 0°C (-22 to 32°F) and 50 to 75°C (122 to 167°F)Relative Humidity: ±2.5% from 20 to 80% RH; ±3.5% from 5 to 20% and 80 to 95% RH; ±4% from 0 to 5% and 95 to 100% RHThe HX93B and HX93BD Series transmitters provide remote andon-site monitoring of temperature and relative humidity. Both series output a linearized current or voltage signal proportional to the temperature and relative humidity. Relative humidity output is temperature compensated. Current output models enable placing of the transmitter at a remote location virtually any distance away from the measuring device. TheHX93BD models feature a built-in digital display that indicates both temperature and relative humidity simultaneously. All models use an accurate digital sensor. A stainless steel mesh type filter, easily removable for cleaning, protects the sensor. Mounting screws are easily accessible inside the rugged, polycarbonate enclosure whichprotects the electronics to NEMA 13 (IP54) specifications.DPi32 1⁄32 DIN temperature/process U 4 to 20 mA, 0 to 1 Vdc, 0 to 5 Vdc or 0 to 10 VdcOutputs for Both Temperature and Relative Humidity U R ugged IndustrialSplashproof Enclosure NEMA 13 (IP54)UA ccurate to ±0.6°C (0 to 50°C) and ±2.5% (20 to 80% Relative Humidity)U N ew Models withBuilt-In Digital Display to Indicate Temperature and Relative Humidity U D uct Mount Kit Included with Duct Mount and Remote Probe Models U F ield Replaceable Temperature/Relative Humidity Probe (Except for Duct Mount Model)Relative Humidity Control SystemThe HX93B and HX93BD Series interface directly with OMEgA’s iSeries meters and controllers to create a complete relative humidity control system. iSeries meters and controllers feature totally programmable color displays and embedded internet connectivity.Temperature/Relative Humidity TransmittersWall, Duct Mount, and Remote Probe Models With Optional Built-In Digital DisplayOptionalHu-2OutputHX93BC or HX93BDC:4 to 20 mA for 0 to 100% RH and -30 to 75°C (-22 to 167°F)HX93BV0: 0 to 1 Vdc for 0 to 100% RH and -30 to 75°C (-22 to 167°F)HX93BV1: 0 to 5 Vdc for 0 to 100% RH and -30 to 75°C (-22 to 167°F)HX93BV2: 0 to 10 Vdc for 0 to 100% RH and -30 to 75°C (-22 to 167°F)Relative Humidity Temperature Compensation: -30 to 75°C (-22 to 167°F)Temperature Response Time: 5 seconds minimum, 30 seconds maximumRelative Humidity Response Time: 8 second typicalRepeatability: ±0.1% RH, ±0.2°C (0.4°F)Sample Rate: 1 sample every 4 seconds Housing: gray polycarbonate, NEMA rated up to 13 (IP54)Connections: Liquid-tight nylon with neoprene gland, for 2.50 to 8.00 mm (0.09 to 0.315") diameter cable; internal 6 position terminal block accepts 14 to 22 gauge wire Dimensions:HX93B(*) (without Probe):80.01 L x 82.30 W x 55.63 D mm (3.15 x 3.24 x 2.19")HX93B(*)-D (with Probe):80.01 L x 82.30 W x 183.13 D mm (3.15 x 3.24 x 7.21")TP-SP (Short Probe):ø16 x 71.88 L mm (ø0.63 x 2.83")Weight:HX93B(*): 251 g (8.9 oz) HX93B(*)-D: 256 g (9.0 oz) HX93B(*)-RP1: 352 g (12.4 oz)Display (HX93BD Series Only)Indicators: Two 4 digit backlit LCD Display Rate: 1 reading per second Display Resolution:Relative Humidity: 0.1% RH Temperature: 0.1°C (0.1°F)*For 4 to 20 mA output specify “C”, for 0 to 1 Vdc output specify “V0”, for 0 to 5 Vdc output specify “V1”, and for 0 to 10 Vdc output specify “V2”.TH-SPshort probe with M12 HX93B(*)-D duct mount transmitter.HX93BD(*)-D duct mounttransmitter with display.All models shown smaller than actual size.HX93B(*)TH-RP remote probe with 3 m (10') cable and M12 connector.C o n n (not available with duct mount models).。

牵引推压位X线片在特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧性评估中的应用研究

表３代偿性侧凸组结果
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ｔｏｎ器械的矫形效果，不能反映新型矫形器械的矫却正效果，应用侧屈位Ｘ线片指导Ｃ系统进行选在Ｄ择性ＭＴ侧凸融合时，现了腰椎侧凸失代偿的情出
１Ｊ１Ｊ
ＬｕＲＷ，ＴｅｇＡＬ，ＡｒｓｒｎｉｎｍｔｏｇＤＧ，ｅ１Ｃｏａｉｏｆｓｐｎｔａ．ｍｐｒｓｎｏｕｉｅｂｎｉｇ，ｐｓ — ｒｎ，ａｄｔａｔｎｕｄｒｇｎｒｎｓｈｓａｒｄ — ｅｄｎｕｈｐｏｅｎｒｃｉｎｅｅｅａａｅｔｅｉａｉｏｌ
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方案，增加方法的安全性和有效性。牵引推压床的操作略显繁琐，每个患者平均操作时间约为对１ｎ随着技师对牵引推压床的熟练操作，大大０ｍｉ，可缩短操作时间。若施加力量过大，造成患者骨折有
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C++读写图片数据转成Base64格式

C++读写图⽚数据转成Base64格式最近在⼀个项⽬中要实现前端传递给我们客户端的是base64的图⽚数据流，我们需要做的就是将它转为图⽚并且保存起来，根据需要再将图⽚存储路径信息做进⼀步操作。

前端传过来的字符串是这样的：<img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAAAwCAMAAAChd4FcAAAAA3NCSVQICAjb4U/gAAACRlBMVEUAAADi6OSMjIxSUlIrXja5trg8rFEDRhErokJ8w4pJrVxmZmYERRIinTn++P07nk/X0Naww7Stra0pdTj37/d BAsXzdni24VmC7MzMw1kEYzMzPZ4Nul1K6Wr5tWs2jp8eseaC0ufz5mZmaEoorI1cszpUkXTSJErFix2bi1tbVKSkp7e3skWC9wvn5zlHq6yL3S3dSXzqJBcEspKSnY6dxCQkLI486mvKulpaVAbUkTSx8ICAgjcDIhISHh7eM6Ojonnz1QsGP///+Dxo9R x5wYYcYyodmzViuHPFxcVEtFl5mH/V3def0qlhh2rZ7d7F2MiEhIQ4Z0Lv8+/F4csvo0QbUidAp1OEoIoqfDozZjOx27kOSho6mkw2j0iftaMyi0S2xroSUiBrvHuFx5J0v4Lm7+eNqJOc0KVBq1TU59gpoEBskXRzc3Pg2N6tubDe5d99nYRNr1+ZmZkbWyg9 0xbfAz8OtvbUhazC12ryJpY6+3sXD0MbE4MmJyJUgVCtSsmXQ5tWjuKd5wobd8OEfYy0ZUCS9vb3v7+8LRxgtgD0xZzw1j0cnWjJiimp2mX2An4aUtZye1qkYmjDm5ube3t7W1tbk9+fM5NA4lEombjRWfl9Ke1K2270xhUGbs6BrjnI7akSY1aSrvq+5yr1K R7MSAAAACXBIWXMAAAsSAAALEgHS3X78AAAAFnRFWHRDcmVhdGlvbiBUaW1lADAzLzI0LzEzWoVZMQAAABx0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUAQWRvYmUgRmlyZXdvcmtzIENTNXG14zYAAAt9SURBVFiFzZn/U9NoHsfDl3KFXgOWAQtUL0Kh7Ei 7jnJuyt685d2ivrCHg4ZvRPuydJW5ICCj/s6WeYJn1Kklfen29PnmDCJ27YAeMQwv8rx4G2DyAEyNAWR5uPT7kHEICs16vbL1pbW/vmzr+xfHTGDEAgHLuSe2biXu25c+dqSycmTpxcFj4uogoQwPFXgdKbG4vT9aJNL27cLHV3dkDwsegENSB4UBGo3 O12s0ofZJpLn4kE16K1nTuox1pHMeTBzy4i3Ju/As5AY8Q2WlAXPh5vXh0L55oxetzyqoDLl+4DHie4CC9FIccH4+JJA8uzEOhqAh9hzzPxWIwViTAeYJHv4HmC6Fvy1+/xuuqqurGq3DLkyfcUQFx4UXg1qV98ZBtrl/ZJcSX+t51NrMG1sCxlIaIGSlXHIJjf E3/ad7Vu+fvrV7dM7z/vOtoa2V8tPHjZqUoDwSuCnA/mmL90KbKe9AubGwdd3qTjQsC6KdRUhIArHb3f++fa8AXCGOCsCLgEDh3M2G+GiADi5A0LL5eDC6urO2WXQd7luZ67isD5OAoLT6wfrJ2t4PnXPYHsL3P8FASK9+FhMBEKAVcvVr/6mAZytSFJ t+Vbq334kQDBa/fN9/KhODzzIEmIP+h811fFulgNbWBZKi4ruNx6/0WzRmMjOBflWqIIQBk0bNxA2JCL37Q+f9FxBdxfPd1x9hh48UXF+Z9bD8knA0L61cX34yG7lz4naN6qAhoiTkO6qEiQkgJh112oAnRRDEI+znM8SoJ4PJ0kS1shrhnOz1dlXeaFJaF5/P AyMbEb4rkTpcZCFMlKF1m0G9y3RE3QOryR1EQWt7+mslXv7cgrlynD4hs/ICAOmhcZpa3H2pTIiDY2iPg2KlTGxlF8VKh+4l8Mohn2FobLii/p06+ZtlFxdX/AClKPlmMSvKqTa1gRUYEbpa6f/jBXfrZ6KhisPDH3/0sHQfXyloUVhYNkWQDaJhsStpkr6w03q YSOpVlKwFB86NNZQovPj1z5djS0u25G/cK0yKeWnE/Kl+SLxz8g17PMD69Xj9rZfRDBUIZw7QUMLOzswxJarU+0ivJBKb0+UBWrJ1h9LumJdsAsGOVUtA6MI3Y+5yY2mJAATg+UahK19w3ssx1128syg4XJzVfVyWFhwmkQkFe71TLSNAamWqJ4n /NxPMrUNKTspbmAvFqUnW3qMoqOrUQKShun/do1u2jhHLvdBZUKzpUqXVn8aClJD+ZzV+rrF29dDDzbfiPsxoWoSY8VqQAakEZAjD/vWl6JpTcYIQuCwWAbXYB09Pms9ST69DHMTLt2cK1lKmntEfI/3ZJMYUQ0gPnt9mzYjRlAVpakS46JUMcg3ler 1u8bRFFmaQiBNnKyxUeS09Mk6Wuh6/Mm8wfzI+Tj/MHBwXrrlwnt4OQQigCrVqsdGhwm/2HThXWYqSvt0bgTM8QwTzbiM2BSVCqTpLNYAfjjs6x0FkL6n+tv39XBPVUL0hIgEAFx/PhQjdeLAGeD0Zcvo8HZKbp+2osuNSLHYIRpb9c2WRKJtYjVPJNI sR3k5TIBZb28qAFeUbRx/0GHZW1MhLSrYDmnc7BtEX4R8fWRtdLLFKp/BKgKKhadFny/eqwwIQ6FQCXOcDtF0DzmD4/yAKQ52Y7AbcwE+B8MGcjBPPBMwVwl4UdXG95lZQstkT03N9DT6qFnIK6ipebyGf1/TjgCZyPfIIsx+gIO9Pqs1DwUAST6MiA IJeE41EdqnJ+FtpNWKxBI/UcxZrUwUNTLRxdpJ88iIeVJycUhyca8ozrAIGGxoCgYX8iZLSu601ZBXgV+MPL8aELVAHRp1ZQAK9CtlDG5+XrX7D/Qv1fN7RbyamDk+Onp8Zq0NMbUlZiC80/SlddA8axXLo9VnRklSZjabm5jhfrTpYVCSTIqok0xb/gKN95 AALJ97tZvH937s/L+/gMxghBAkruhAulRmUBlfJAjOTL5jLRhbyyu40CJZpxieXGb1UZhIJbZMX5U/EOpI/G2yryfsTNqDDdJRJDaipxLBGtkutoVgHt0uVdfrmmdtJHlD3qLjwx3vu3JPHODUj+G62BM1LkmUGf6ltGvGVge8WvMP1d6ZHcLxhMD8/v3eYfNy itlQsvJSJ0kC2oxiZYQg1oV5OKgC3FJ3kpUb49LqB9j5/OIomtWIfeTt2Te0olJ767UtIlkSMN/X0uuLtmsLvJH6MpKJyv1NikF5N6oNRlPduOyllCQuBCiaA6PkLGaNpkYpoXmnTl2owdKNW6qJy6/uivvLy9V97pXF5PhG8cTE9bt1KRcLJUy9F6YAYaiA7F+ RbQmdNu8CKjMSIEFRRBdmJCgC78bscRsRp5ARyHhlqxOE1hX1zOqn2glkF28px06dmwgkeww9yTBm8dK4WR9E5WRKX4JcHhn67stgPekNTfse4knA79OApNKsEqDOtTs3MGZMFrrSTpbmg+fdKh8jWxwbW8wYurQRuC8B4u0+ckRGaPg30ggfW 3C8mkoNhKqMmXdhMHRpTS/0sUCPv+s+AOPTKIVn0gJH02kLtyfZIkmQNFf8VA0ahFsfCqfQmZvSgf11Bo1SYE3EtKDgGR7FvrUE1YB3A0UfvCZZCywuvtMsruCKB0v9Sw56LMqWXQ1+QfF3FjahfIOeixxNR72sUR+qgudWPmggE+/SccFoIxGNK ZicebLzrJEVJ2Yao4sDsW6TgTvco3vyubgjsPkBJ38WOJa+ZV1l2D+QDYwOe9ikA4QjJ1xZyTUONOaYnMI8ZhM8jpxGTxhQA357jkmcMAucqQsN6YDF2Wj3OyjKYQrzRwFEk9bAxvsIL321/jy9smDEUG9BH36PgWcNkm95O++sBIDFCB4BYnYAwi AaFQMTH2nrWZDfeL9CMw0DmQ+7JQB8ju7qrMpj2od4oxiMorIQN6DGhiMgB5ndOpM9nFpTrOg1qt0QQrHf7GRr8OhB1HXTwCodaJgzX8yl1BpxMRlTCUgNkYb88WhYw7nQD1J9bpTwOKjf+aCXQ7IOA9dsDxCNAoTqaAbgDdi/EaUvKICoqEFYHNfZ UVepgt1+l4LUBYOzy+3O6/CC7i5MAjSaBa3SgQw3A5emOHW75aHeFFQhzgdrCfUQcexp4rn5rAmIGlkZ+5VhDXHQvhTYwHkOhtsRxRZxQhB7Y+bj8b3wRjBGCEOelIQiKDCy6FCRsh1zCVKxRQ7BzIlBcmKHiWHHgm+VMf8BkYd2tg8l1DiD/QXkXS 2vcLM2kLvKHfZkv4Wp35NAkFVdccNdWlt8E1lt6cSjigv8J/SeRBARYfPWXF/n29zczr658cvwE3vTJJrUQHmeP9Iy3m9mB7zthJ/M287/AdxppEv2qVN4AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" />那么这是什么呢？这是Data URI scheme。

IFR4905

IRF4905HEXFET ® Power MOSFETFifth Generation HEXFETs from International Rectifier utilize advanced processing techniques to achieve extremely low on-resistance per silicon area. This benefit, combined with the fast switching speed and ruggedized device design that HEXFET Power MOSFETs are well known for, provides the designer with an extremely efficient and reliable device for use in a wide variety of applications.The TO-220 package is universally preferred for all commercial-industrial applications at power dissipation levels to approximately 50 watts. The low thermal resistance and low package cost of the TO-220 contribute to its wide acceptance throughout the industry.Parameter Max.UnitsI D @ T C = 25°C Continuous Drain Current, VGS @ -10V -74I D@ T C = 100°C Continuous Drain Current, V GS @ -10V -52A I DMPulsed Drain Current -260P D @T C = 25°C Power Dissipation 200W Linear Derating Factor 1.3W/°C V GS Gate-to-Source Voltage ± 20V E A S Single Pulse Avalanche Energy 930mJ I AR Avalanche Current -38A E AR Repetitive Avalanche Energy 20mJ dv/dt Peak Diode Recovery dv/dt -5.0V/ns T J Operating Junction and -55 to + 175T STGStorage Temperature RangeSoldering Temperature, for 10 seconds 300 (1.6mm from case )°CMounting torque, 6-32 or M3 screw10 lbf in (1.1N m)Absolute Maximum RatingsParameterTyp.Max.UnitsR θJC Junction-to-Case0.75R θCS Case-to-Sink, Flat, Greased Surface 0.50 °C/WR θJAJunction-to-Ambient62Thermal Resistancel Advanced Process Technology l Ultra Low On-Resistance l Dynamic dv/dt Ratingl 175°C Operating Temperature l Fast Switching l P-ChannellFully Avalanche RatedDescription05/24/07PD - 91280DIRF4905Repetitive rating; pulse width limited bymax. junction temperature. ( See fig. 11 )I SD ≤ -38A, di/dt ≤ -270A/µs, V DD ≤ V (BR)DSS ,T J ≤ 175°CNotes:Starting T J = 25°C, L = 1.3mH R G = 25Ω, I AS = -38A. (See Figure 12)Pulse width ≤ 300µs; duty cycle ≤ 2%.Source-Drain Ratings and CharacteristicsIRF4905Fig 4. Normalized On-ResistanceVs. TemperatureFig 1. Typical Output Characteristics Fig 3. Typical Transfer Characteristics11010010000.1110100D DS-I , D r a i n -t o -S o u r c e C u r r e n t (A )-V , Drain-to-Source Voltage (V)11010010000.1110100D DS-I , D r a i n -t o -S o u r c e C u r r e n t (A )-V , Drain-to-Source Voltage (V)110100100045678910GS D -I , D r a i n -t o -S o u r c e C u r r e n t (A )-V , Gate-to-Source Voltage (V)0.00.51.01.52.0-60-40-2020406080100120140160180JT , Junction Temperature (°C)R , D ra i n -t o -S o u r c e O n R e s i s t a n c e D S (o n)(N o r m a l i z e d )Fig 2. Typical Output CharacteristicsIRF4905Fig 8. Maximum Safe Operating AreaFig 6. Typical Gate Charge Vs.Gate-to-Source VoltageFig 5. Typical Capacitance Vs.Drain-to-Source Voltage Fig 7. Typical Source-Drain Diode Forward Voltage01000200030004000500060007000110100C , C a p a c i t a n c e (p F )DS -V , Drain-to-Source Voltage (V)0481216204080120160200GGS -V , G a t e -t o -S o u r c e V o l t a ge (V )Q , Total Gate Charge (nC)11010010000.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.8SD S D -I , R e v e r s e D r a i n C u r r e n t (A )-V , Source-to-Drain Voltage (V)1101001000110100-I , D r a i n C u r r e n t (A )-V , Drain-to-Source Voltage (V)DSDIRF4905Fig 10a. Switching Time Test CircuitFig 10b. Switching Time WaveformsFig 9. Maximum Drain Current Vs.Case TemperatureV DDV VIRF4905Fig 13b. Gate Charge Test CircuitFig 13a. Basic Gate Charge Waveform Fig 12c. Maximum Avalanche EnergyVs. Drain CurrentV-10VDSCurrent Sampling ResistorsFig 12b. Unclamped Inductive WaveformsFig 12a. Unclamped Inductive Test CircuitI ASV DD05001000150020002500255075100125150175JE, S i n g l e P u l s e A v a l a n c h e E n e r g y (m J )AS Starting T , Junction Temperature (°C)IRF4905 Peak Diode Recovery dv/dt Test CircuitV DD* Reverse Polarity of D.U.T for P-ChannelV GS*** V GS = 5.0V for Logic Level and 3V Drive DevicesFig 14. For P-Channel HEXFETSQualification Standards can be found on IR’s Web site. 233 Kansas St., El Segundo, California 90245, USA Tel: (310) 252-7105TAC Fax: (310) 252-7903 Visit us at for sales contact information. 05/07Note: For the most current drawings please refer to the IR website at:/package/。

Foxboro 43AP Pneumatic Indicating Controllers 产品说明

FIELD DEVICES – CONTROLLERSProduct Specifications43AP Pneumatic Indicating ControllersThese instruments indicate and control pressure, temperature, vacuum, and differential pressure. They provide process industries with a highly dependable and versatile group of instruments.WIDE SELECTION OF MEASURING ELEMENTS Foxboro products offer the widest variety of element constructions and ranges in the industry. This versatility enables the 43AP Series Pneumatic Indicating Controllers to be applied to virtually any process.WIDE CHOICE OF CONTROL MODESOn-off, proportional, proportional plus derivative, proportional plus integral (reset), proportional plus integral plus derivative, differential gap, and automatic shutdown actions are available.BROAD RANGE OF INTEGRAL (RESET) AND DERIVATIVE ADJUSTMENTSThe integral unit has the complete range from0.01to 50 minutes, and the derivative unit from 0.05 to 50 minutes.VARIETY OF OPTIONSThese controllers are available with an extensive list of optional features. Among these are internal bumpless automatic-manual transfer stations (two types), “batch” function, remote pneumatic set point, Type 70 electric contacts, and control valvemounting.PSS 3-1B3 APSS 3-1B3 APage 2OPERATING CONDITIONSACCURACY UNAFFECTED BY MOUNTING STRESSESBoth the control unit and the measurement element are mounted on a rigid steel plate. Thus, these components are isolated from case stresses due to mounting, and dependable accuracy is ensured. POWER FAILURES DO NOT INFLUENCE PROCESS-DRIVEN INDICATIONA power failure and the likely subsequent loss of supply pressure do not influence the process-driven indication.WEATHERPROOF CONSTRUCTIONA glass fiber reinforced case and a gasketed door with a shatterproof polycarbonate window meet IEC IP53 and provide the environmental protection of NEMA®T ype 3.VERSATILE MOUNTINGInstruments may be mounted in a panel, on a flat surface, on a continuous vertical pipe, or on a vertical pipe stub.INTERNAL BUMPLESS AUTOMATIC-MANUAL TRANSFER STATIONThis option provides bumpless-balanceable transfer between automatic and manual control by simple 2-step procedure. Accidental transfer is avoided because the door must be opened to gain access to the transfer station.PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS(Under Reference Operating Conditions unless otherwise specified)AccuracyINPUT TO POINTER±0.5% of span for qualified elements.INPUT TO OUTPUTDepends on measuring element used. Repeatability0.2% of span.Deadband0.1% of span.Ambient Temperature EffectMaximum control point shift at midspan per 55°C (100°F) change within normal operating conditions is 1% of input span.Supply Pressure EffectMaximum control point shift at midspan per 7 kPa (1psi) change within normal operating conditions is 0.2% of input span.OPERATING CONDITIONSAmbient T emperature24 ±2°C(75 ±3°F)–30 and +80°C(–20 and +180°F)–40 and +80°C(–40 and +180°F)Relative Humidity50% ± 10%No Limit No LimitSupply Pressure140 ± 1.4 kPa(20 ± 0.2 psi)115 and 155 kPa(17 and 23 psi)210 kPa(30 psi)FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONSPSS 3-1B3 APage 3 FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONSElementsRefer to “Measuring Element Specifications” on page4 for types, materials, and ranges. Controller ActionOutput signal either increases or decreases with increasing measurement, as specified; action is reversible in the field.Output Signal20 to 100 kPa, 3 to 15 psi, or 0.2 to 1.0 bar or kg/cm2, as specified.Air Consumption (Under normal operation)0.5 m3/h (0.3 cfm) at standard conditions.Output Gauge0 to 200 kPa, 0 to 30 psi, or 0 to 2 bar or kg/cm2, as specified.Set Point AdjustmentBy means of a knob mounted inside the case. PointersSet point and measurement pointers are fluorescent red.ScaleBlack markings on white background; sector-shaped with nominal effective length of 150 mm (6 in). (Refer to Chart and Dial Catalog 600 for available ranges.)Connections (Located in Bottom of Case.) PRESSURE AND VACUUMFor upper range-values up to 14 MPa(2000psi, or 140 bar or kg/cm2):Connections tapped for R1/4 or 1/4 NPT, asspecified.For upper range-values from 14 MPa(2000psi, or 140 bar or kg/cm[sup/2]) up to70 MPa (10000psi, or 700 bar or kg/cm2):Connections threaded for R1/2 or 1/2 NPT,as specified.For upper range-values above 70 MPa (10000psi, or 700 bar or kg/cm2):9/16-18 Aminco® fitting used.PNEUMATICSupply and output connections tapped for1/4NPT.MountingPANELFlush in a panel up to 16 mm (0.6 in) thick.SURFACESuitable for all controllers having internally-mounted elements. Note that this mounting isnot available with heavy duty helical elements.(These elements extend through the back of the case.)PIPEA kit of parts to fit a DN 50 or 2 in vertical pipe.YOKEKit of parts to fit a vertical DN 50 or 2 in pipestub. This mounting scheme is designedspecifically for controllers having rear-mounted differential pressure elements.PSS 3-1B3 A Page 4PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONSPHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONSEnclosureThe case is a glass fiber reinforced polyester molding, compounded for superior corrosion resistance. The door is glass fiber reinforced phenylene oxide, and has a shatterproofpolycarbonate window, ultraviolet resistant. The overall construction is weatherproof, meets IEC IP53, and provides the environmental protection of NEMA Type 3.FinishCase, gray polyester; door, blue textured polyurethane.Data LabelAluminum data label fastened to inside of door with pressure sensitive adhesive. Includes space for Customer Tag data up to a maximum of 72characters and spaces. For additional space, see optional Customer T ag.Approximate Mass4.8 kg (10.6 lb), excluding element.MEASURING ELEMENT SPECIFICATIONS (To achieve stated Performance Specifications)Differential Pressure Elements (Refer to PSS 3-4A2 A)a.Body and cover material for DE-A is zinc-cobalt; material for DE-B is 316 ss.b.These are zero-based elements. The lower range value is zero and the upper range value is as shown (100% of span). Zerodifferential pressure can be elevated (compound range) so that lower range value is as low as -50% of span; or suppressed so that upper range value is as high as either –150% of span or 50 kPa (200 inH 2O) ∆P , whichever is less.22DE–A,BType 375 and 5020 and 20050 and 500142000140Temperature Elements—Filled Thermal Systems (Refer to PSS 3-3A1 A)T A–1A IA –130 and +315–200 and +60025 and 33040 and 600TA–2A and 2BIIA and IIB–45 and +315–50 and +600Varies with operating temperature (a)T A–3BIIIB–195 and +760–320 and +140070 and 550120 and 1000a.Does not include temperature overrange values. Narrow spans are at low end of range. The maximum span is 215︒C (400︒F)MEASURING ELEMENT SPECIFICATIONS PSS 3-1B3 APage 5Pressure Elements (Refer to PSS 3-2A1 A)P A–CA (d)Absolute Bellows316 ss170 and 240 kPa abs 2.5 and 35 psia P A–MA Absolute Double Spiral316 ss140 and 700 kPa abs20 and 100 psiaPB–AA PB–AM (e)Helical316 ssK-Monel1.4 and 40 MPa1.7 and 14 MPa200 and 6000 psi200 and 2000 psiPB–BA PB–BM (e)Spiral316 ssK-Monel82 and 1400 kPa140 and 1400 kPa12 and 200 psi20 and 200 psiPB–CA Bellows316 ss35 and 200 kPa 4.5 and 29 psiPB–CC Bellows Brass34 and 100 kPa vac30 and 180 kPa 4.9 and 15 psi 4 and 26 psiPB–DF Diaphragm 50 mm (2 in)Cu-Ni-Sn Alloy 6 and 35 kPa vac6 and 70 kPa 0.9 and 5 psi 0.9 and 10 psiPB–PF Diaphragm 75 m (3 in)Cu-Ni-Sn Alloy 2 and 6 kPa vac2 and 10 kPa 0.3 and 0.9 psi 0.3 and 1.5 psiPB–GA (f)Heavy-Duty Helical316 ss0.5 and 200 MPa75 and 30 000 psiPC 3 to 15 PC 3 to 27Receiver (Bellows)Brass20 to 100 kPa Range—3 to 15 psi Range3 to 27 psi Rangea.All elements except Code PC have zero-based ranges. Therefore, the lower range values are zero and the upper range valuesare as listed.b.To convert kPa to bar or kg/cm2, divide kPa value by 100. To convert MPa to bar or kg/cm2, multiply MPa value by 10.c.To convert psi to inH2O, multiply psi value by 27.73. To convert psi to inHg, multiply psi value by 2.036.d.Replacement element not calibrated.e.K-Monel elements comply with NACE Standard MR-01-75.f.Element extends through back of case. Replacement element not recommended. Return instrument to Global CustomerSupport.PSS 3-1B3 A Page 6MODEL CODEMODEL CODEDescription Model Indicating Controller43AP MountingField (Pipe or Y oke, as specified in complete element code)– F Panel or Surface– P Control On-OffA1Proportional 4 to 400%A2Proportional plus Derivative 0.05 to 50 minutesA3Proportional plus Integral (Reset) 0.01 to 50 minutes per repeat A4Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative A5Differential Gap 1 to 100%A7Automatic ShutdownA8Output Signal and Gauge20 to 100 kPa signal; 200 kPa gauge 53 to 15 psi signal; 30 psi gauge 20.2 to 1.0 bar signal; 2 bar gauge60.2 to 1.0 kg/cm 2 signal; 2 kg/cm 2 gauge4Automatic Manual Internal Transfer Switching NoneN Bumpless with 2-position switch, balance gauge, regulator C 2-position nozzle seal switch for manual controlD Optional SuffixRemote Pneumatic Set Point (Not available with pressure elementCodes P A–CA, P A–CC, PB–GA, T ype 70 Contacts, or AS Reference “BA TCH-H”.)– PElements Available (Refer to element specifications tables) (a)a.The 43AP also uses the /E Electronic Servo Element. Refer to PSS 3-1B3 B.Differential pressure, T ype 37 Diaphragm (43AP–F only)/DE–A, –B Absolute pressure, bellows/P A–CA Absolute pressure, double spiral /P A–MA Pressure, helical /–PB–AA, –AM Pressure, spiral /–PB–BA, –BM Pressure, bellows /–PB–CA, –CC Pressure, diaphragm/–PB–DF , –PF Pressure, heavy-duty helical (43AP–F only)/–PB–GA Pressure receiver, bellows/–PCT emperature, Filled Thermal System/–T A–1A, –2A,–2B, –3BExamples: 43AP–P A12N–P/PB–AA; 43AP–FA25C/DE–EOPTIONAL FEATURESPSS 3-1B3 APage 7 OPTIONAL FEATURESBumplessAutomatic-Manual T ransferStation Consists of precision balance tube, regulator, and 2-position switch locatedwithin enclosure. A simple 2-step procedure provides bumpless transferbetween automatic and manual control. A shutoff valve is supplied to allowautomatic controller and relay to be serviced while retaining manual control.See ModelCodeNozzle Seal Switchfor Manual Control An internally mounted 2-position switch provides a simple and inexpensivemethod of achieving manual control. In the manual position, the switch sealsthe nozzle circuit and the output can be changed by varying the controllersupply pressure with an external regulator.See ModelCodeRemote Pneumatic Set Point Integral AirSupply Set Enables the set point to be positioned from a remote source using a standardpneumatic signal. Available over the full span or part of the span.Fixed or adjustable combination pressure regulator and filter with 50mm (2 in)gauge mounted and piped to controllers. Fixed pressure regulator availablewithout gauge. Maximum input 1 MPa, 150 psi, or 10 bar or kg/cm2. NOTE:Not available with panel mounted controllers.See ModelCodeIASType 70 Electric Alarm Contacts This option comprises a rotor unit with up to 5 contacts. Relays are located in aseparate external sheet metal housing. One relay may be supplied to energizeon increasing or decreasing measurement, as specified. Or two relays may be provided, one energizing on increasing measurement and one on decreasing measurement. Relay contacts rating (noninductive load): 5 A at 120 V ac, 2 Aat 240 V ac, and 5 A at 24V ac or dc. Electrical classification: ordinarylocations.C–T/70Control Valve Mounting A 43AP Controller without elements extending from back of case may beassembled on a control valve fitted with a P50 or P110 Actuator at the factory.CVMExternal Connection to IntegralBellows Used when an external feedback signal must be applied to prevent integralcircuit saturation.ECRBExternal Set Point A knob is fitted on door and engages set point adjustment mechanism.ESPHigh “Batch”Modification For processes involving discontinuous control, the integral (reset) function ismodified to prevent overshoot and to initiate immediate corrective action whencontrol is resumed.BA TCH-HGas Tight Case Special case machining and a gasketed 1/2 NPT vent connection permitsoperation of the controller with clean, noncorrosive process gas.GTCExternal Phenolic Nameplate Laminated plastic nameplate 38 X 76 mm (1.5 X 3 in) with white characters ona black background. Maximum of 5 lines with 28characters or spaces 3 mm(0.13 in) high, or 24 characters or spaces 4 mm (0.16 in) high per line.N/PGlass Window inDoor Shatterproof glass window used in areas where abrasive dust can causescratching of standard polycarbonate window under frequent wiping conditions.GIDStainless Steel DataPlate A stainless steel data plate 36 X 40 mm (1.4 X 1.6 in). Maximum of 4lines with11 characters or spaces per line.SCTCustomer T ag Stainless steel tag attached to instrument for customer tag data that doesn't fiton data plate. There can be a maximum of 10 lines of data with 40 charactersper line.MTSPSS 3-1B3 APage 8OPTIONAL FEATURES Tamper-Proof Knob The door knob is removed to prevent unauthorized access to controladjustments. The door is opened with a specially shaped knob.TPKExternal Subpanel forAutomatic-Manual Switching For use only with controllers not having internal transfer switching. Consists ofpressure regulator, nominal 40 mm (1.5 in) gauge, and 2-position transferswitch completely piped and assembled to external subpanel mounted tobottom surface of enclosure. Subpanel is finished in gray. The 1 in AS Code isfor Control Codes A1, A2, A3, A7, and A8. The 2 in AS Code is for ControlCodes A4 and A5. The S in AS Code is gauge in kPa, the E is psi, and the M iskg/cm2.SD–1SSD–1ESD–1MSD–2DSD–2ESD–2Ma.AS is Auxiliary Specification.OPTIONAL FEATURES (CONTINUED)DIMENSIONS - NOMINALPSS 3-1B3 APage 9 DIMENSIONS - NOMINALPSS 3-1B3 APage 10NOTESNOTESPSS 3-1B3 APage 11NOTESInvensys Systems, Inc.10900 Equity DriveHouston, TX 77041United States of America Global Customer Support Inside U.S.:1-866-746-6477Outside U.S.:1-508-549-2424Website: Copyright 1977-2015 Invensys Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Invensys and Foxboro are trademarks of Invensys Limited, its subsidiaries, and affiliates. All othertrademarks are the property of their respectiveowners.Invensys is now part of Schneider Electric.0715PSS 3-1B3 APage 12ORDERING INSTRUCTIONSOTHER FOXBORO PRODUCTS1. Model Number2. Mounting3. Element T ype, Material, and Range4. Measurement Range5. Measurement Connection6. Scale Range7. Supply Pressure and Output Signal8. Controller Action9. Optional Features 10. T ag and ApplicationThe Foxboro product lines offer a broad range of measurement and instrument products, including solutions for pressure, flow, analytical, temperature, positioning, controlling, and recording.For a list of these offerings, visit our web site at:。

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UV-VIS光谱传感器产品说明书

ApplicationThe sensor measures the spectral absorption of process liquids in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.•Measurement of protein concentrations •Chromatography monitoring •Filtration monitoring •Concentration measurement of organic compounds •Detection of aromatesYour benefits•Improved process control and easier quality control thanks to quick and reliable monitoring of product concentration –Measuring range up to 2.5 AU or 50 OD (depending on optical path length)–Measurement of UV absorption at discrete wavelengths between 254 nm and 365 nm –Outstanding filter properties for highest linearity –Direct concurrence with laboratory values –Integrated reference detector for lamp compensation –Gas discharge lamp for long service life and stable measured values •Patented Easycal system (optional)–Cost-effective, time-efficient calibration –Easy, in-line calibration which is traceable to NIST without any liquid standards •FM- and ATEX-approved lamps for applications in the hazardous area •Compliance with life sciences sector thanks to hygienic design and FDA- and USP-compliant sealing materials •High degree of product safety as SIP/CIP-resistant •High product yield thanks to low volume requirements •Maximum durability in all applications owing to wide range of materials and process connections •Can be adapted to process requirements:–Optional air purge ports to prevent the formation of condensate on the optical windows –Optional adjuster for optical path lengthProducts Solutions ServicesTechnical Information OUSAF44Optical sensor combined with the OUA260 flow assembly for the measurement of UV absorptionTI00416C/07/EN/13.1671316935OUSAF442Endress+HauserFunction and system designMeasuring principle Light absorption The measuring principle is based on the Lambert-Beer law.There is a linear dependency between the absorption of light and the concentration of the absorbing substance:A = -logA m = ε . c . OPLA ... absorption, A m ... absorption measured by detector ε ... Extinction coefficient c ... Concentration OPL ... Optical path lengthA light source emits radiation through the medium and the incident radiation is measured on the detector side.Once the light has passed through a filter for wavelength selection, the intensity of the light is determined by a photodiode and converted to a photocurrent.The subsequent conversion to transmission (%) or absorbance units (AU, OD) is performed in the associated transmitter.1Absorption measurement with reference 1Light source 2Optical windows 3Measurement filter 4Measuring detector 5Lens 6Medium flow 7Reference filter 8Reference detectorMeasuring system An optical measuring system comprises:•Sensor (photometer) OUSAF44•Liquiline CM44P transmitter •Cable set CUK80•Assembly to suit the sensor, e.g. OUA260OUSAF44Endress+Hauser 31pipe 5Flow assembly OUA2602Transmitter CM44P 6Sensor: light source (lamp)3Cable set CUK807Cable set CUK804Sensor: detector InputMeasured variableUV absorption Measuring range •0 to 2.5 AU •Max. 50 OD (depending on the optical path length)WavelengthDiscrete wavelength at 254, 280, 295, 302, 313 or 365 nmMore available on request Power supplyElectrical connection The sensor is connected to the transmitter using the pre-terminated or labeled cable set CUK80 (for connection to CM44P) or OUK40 (for connection to CVM40). The terminals and labeling may vary depending on the transmitter in use. The cable set must be ordered separately.OUSAF444Endress+Hauser3OUSAF44 connecting cable ALight source (lamp) power supply B Signals of measurement and reference detectorCable lengthMaximum 100 m (330 ft)Versions for use in hazardous areas Safety instructions for electrical apparatus in explosion-hazardous areas, XA01403CConnecting the detector using a safety barrierThe photometer sensors use silicon photovoltaic cells as detectors which are operated in the current mode. The detectors are intrinsically safe and can be deployed in Zone 1 environments.The safe area is separated from the hazardous area by one safety barrier MTL7760AC.OUSAF44Endress+Hauser 5The safety barrier may only have a very low leak current since the optical signals from the sensor can be in the nanoampere range. Therefore, the sensor cable shield is connected to the ground terminal of the barrier.On delivery, the CUK80 detector cable is permanently wired to the safety barrier. All you have to do is simply connect the individual cable ends to the detector and transmitter.Connecting the hazardous area lamp using a junction boxThe hazardous area lamp (EXP-1) must be connected to the transmitter using a certified junction box.For versions with FM approval, the junction box is included in the delivery and already pre-terminated on the lamp side. You simply have to connect the cable of the transmitter (CUK80)to the terminals of the junction box.For versions with ATEX approval, the junction box is not included in the delivery and it and the cable glands required must be provided by the customer at the place of installation. You must connect the cables entirely on your own (CUK80 of transmitter and lamp cable of photometer sensor).OUSAF446Endress+Hauser5Connecting the hazardous area lamp to CM44P using a junction boxInstallationInstallation instructions6Mounting angles. The arrows indicate the direction of medium flow in the pipe.APreferred mounting angle BOptimum mounting angle CAcceptable mounting angle DMounting angle to be avoided E Forbidden mounting angleOUSAF44Endress+Hauser 7EnvironmentAmbient temperature range 0 to 55 °C (32 to 130 °F)Storage temperature -10 to +70 °C (+10 to +160 °F)Humidity 5 to 95 %Degree of protection IP 65 (NEMA 4) for all optical partsProcessProcess temperature 0 to 90 °C (32 to 194 °F) continuous Max. 130 °C (266 °F) for 2 hoursProcess pressure Max. 100 bar (1450 psi) absolute, depending on the material, pipe size and process connection of the flow assemblyMechanical construction7Sensor module ADimension of lamp, depends on lamp type, see table BDimension of detector, see table C Assembly, see Technical Information for assemblyThe total length of the sensor module is derived from the lengths of the lamp, the detector and the assembly.The dimensions of the OUA260 assembly are provided in Technical Information, TI00418C.‣When connecting the sensor cable, make sure you maintain an additional distance of 5 cm (2")on both the lamp side and the detector side of the sensor.OUSAF448Endress+HauserWeight SensorUV lamp0.58 kg (1.28 lbs)UV lamp with wire-braided cable (1.2 m (4 ft)) and junction box (sensor for hazardous area)3.2 kg (6.66 lbs)Easycal detector0.65 kg (1.43 lbs)Standard detector0.36 kg (0.794 lbs)OUA260 assemblyTC ¼"1.14 kg (2.51 lbs)TC 1"1.39 kg (3.07 lbs)TC 2"1.88 kg (4.15 lbs)TC 4" 3.38 kg (7.45 lbs)MaterialsSensor housingStainless steel 316OUA260 assembly Stainless steel 316, 316L or Kynar or customer-specific material Depends on version Cable connection ends Nickel-plated brassLight source Pre-set, low-pressure mercury lamp Lamp operating life: typically 3000 h, at least 1000 hDetector UV silicon detectors, hermetically sealed Filter Multilayer interference filter, designed for extreme UV conditionsCertificates and approvalsmark Declaration of ConformityThe product meets the requirements of the harmonized European standards. As such, it complies with the legal specifications of the EC directives. The manufacturer confirms successful testing of the product by affixing to it the mark.Ex approvals •ATEX II 2G Ex db IIC T5 Gb •FM Cl.1, Div. 1, Groups B, C, DFDA conformityAll non-metal parts in contact with medium, such as rubber and plastic parts, meet the requirements of FDA 21 CFR 177.2600. The plastic and elastomer parts of the sensor in contact with medium have passed the biological reactivity tests according to USP <87> and <88> Class VI.Ordering informationProduct page /ousaf44Product Configurator On the product page there is a "Configuration" button to the right of the product image.1.Click this button. The Configurator opens in a separate window.2.Select all the options to configure the device in line with your requirements.In this way, you receive a valid and complete order code for the device.OUSAF44Endress+Hauser 93.Export the order code as a PDF or Excel file. To do so, click the appropriate button on the rightabove the selection window.For many products you also have the option of downloading CAD or 2D drawings of the selected product version. To do so, click the "CAD" tab and select the desired file type using drop-down lists.Scope of delivery The scope of delivery consists of the following depending on the version ordered:•sensor •Detector and lamp module without flow assembly or •Detector and lamp module mounted on OUA260 flow assembly •Operating InstructionsIf the sensor is ordered with a transmitter, the complete measuring system is factory-calibrated and shipped as one package.If you have any questions, please contact your supplier or your local sales center.AccessoriesThe following are the most important accessories available at the time this documentation was issued. For accessories not listed here, please contact your service or sales office.Flow assembly OUA260•Flow assembly for hygienic sensors •For sensor installation in pipes •Materials: stainless steel 316, 316L or Kynar (other materials available on request)•Wide variety of process connections and path lengths available •Product Configurator on the product page: /oua260Technical Information TI00418CCable CUK80 cable set •Pre-terminated and labeled cables for connecting analog photometer sensors •Product Configurator on the product page: /cuk80CalibrationOUSAF44 EasyCal retrofit kit •Patented system traceable to NIST for the online calibration of UV absorption sensors •Order numbers:–254 nm: 71210149–280 nm: 71210150–295 nm: 71210156–302 nm: 71210153–313 nm: 71210151–365 nm: 71210152Reference rod Order number: 71108543。

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用微核技术检测农药对不同蚕豆的诱变效应

１２方法．
２结果与分析
２１农药对不同蚕豆诱变的ＭＮ．Ｓ ‰
１２１蚕豆根尖微核实验步骤．．
选择饱满的蚕豆
通过图Ｉ２和实验数据可以得出，元蚕豆种，广子的发芽率高达７２％，且广元蚕豆通过４种农药的诱变后ＭＣ％最高，Ｎｏ而其微核本底数只比另外两种蚕豆高０７‰ ，以得出广元蚕豆种子是敏感品种，．所
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文章编号：０１４２（０１０１０ — ８９２１）４—１３３９—０３
２、６ｈ并用自来水作为阴性对照，４３，然后用自来水清洗掉种子上残留的农药（浸洗３次）最后用自来，
水浸泡２４ｈ使种子恢复。
选取根长２ｃｍ左右的蚕豆种子，用刀片取材料
４种农药各组浓度诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核率及其统计结果见表１。用不同浓度的农药处理蚕豆根尖细胞产生的微核率与阴性对照组相比，随着染毒液的浓度升高，细胞的微核率也升高。经过ｌ验，检差异极显著（００）引。根据国际诱变剂，Ｐ＜．１致癌剂防护委员会（ＣＥ）遗传毒物所下的定义，ＩＰＭＣ对表明４种农药对蚕豆根尖细胞都有较强的诱变效

VSC8514評估板用戶指南说明书

VSC8514User Guide VSC8514 Evaluation BoardMarch 2014Contents1Revision History (1)1.1Revision 1.0 (1)2Introduction (2)3General Description (3)3.1Key Features (3)3.1.1Copper Port RJ45 Connections (3)3.1.2Zarlink ZL30343 SyncE G.8262/SETS (3)3.1.3External RefClk Option (4)3.1.4Recovered Clocks (4)4Quick Start (5)4.1Connecting the Power Supply (5)4.2PC Software Installation (5)4.3Connecting to the Board to the PC (5)4.3.1Changing the IP Address of the Board (5)4.4Using the Control Software (6)4.4.1Board Initialization (7)4.4.2Copper Media Operation (Auto-negotiation Enabled) (7)4.4.3Sync-E Operation (8)4.5Useful Registers (8)4.5.1Ethernet Packet Generator (8)4.5.2Copper PHY Error Counters (8)4.5.3Near-End Loopback (8)4.5.4Far-End Loopback (8)4.5.5QSGMII SerDes Loopback (8)5Additional Information (9)1Revision HistoryThe revision history describes the changes that were implemented in this document. The changes arelisted by revision, starting with the most current publication.1.1Revision 1.0Revision 1.0 of this datasheet was published in March 2014. This was the first publication of thedocument.2IntroductionThe VSC8514 device is a low-power, quad-port Gigabit Ethernet transceiver with copper mediainterfaces. The device includes an integrated quad two-wire serial multiplexer (MUX) to control powerover Ethernet (PoE) modules. It features low electromagnetic interference (EMI) line drivers andintegrated line side termination resistors that conserve both power and board space. Dual recoveredclock outputs are available to support Synchronous Ethernet (Sync-E) applications, each withprogrammable squelch options.This document describes the architecture and usage of the VSC8514 Evaluation Board (VSC8514EV). TheQuick Start section describes how to install and run the graphical user interface (GUI) to fully control theevaluation board.Figure 1 • VSC8514 Evaluation BoardAdditional VSC8514 collateral for both the VSC8514 device and VSC8514EV, including schematics,layout, GUI, and application notes can be found on the VSC8514 product web page at: https://www./products/product.php?number=VSC8514.3General DescriptionThe evaluation board, shown in Figure 1, provides the user a way to evaluate the VSC8514 device inmultiple configurations. Four RJ-45 connectors are provided for copper media interfaces. The MACinterface is exposed via SMA connectors.For access to all of the features of the device, an external microcontroller is used to configure the on-board clock chip via a two wire serial bus and the VSC8514 via the MDIO bus. The GUI enables the userto read and write device registers.3.1Key Features3.1.1Copper Port RJ45 ConnectionsPHY ports 2 and 3 use the UDE RTA 1648BAK1A with integrated magnetic while PHY ports 0 and 1 usegeneric RJ45 connectors with discrete Pulse H5008NL magnetics.SGMII/QSGMII MAC SMAThe QSGMII differential input port is available through SMA connectors J1 and J2, while the output portis available through SMA connectors J4 and J5. Both of them are AC coupled.Switch Block ControlSW1 controls COMA_MODE, CLK_SQUELCH_IN and REFCLKSEL_[1:0]. The default configuration is withall switches set to low as shown in the figure below.Figure 2 • SW1 Switch Control3.1.2Zarlink ZL30343 SyncE G.8262/SETSThe Silabs F311 micro-controller is pre-programmed to configure the Zarlink ZL30343 to provide a 125MHz differential LVPECL clock to the VSC8514 REFCLK input, either based on the 20 MHz on-boardcrystal, or RCVRDCLK1 from the VSC8514 (Sync-E mode). When RCVRDCLK1 is enabled to output aproper 125 MHz clock, the ZL30343 will generate a 125 MHz output clock synchronized to theRCVRDCLK1 and will switch from HOLDOVER mode to LOCK mode as indicated by LEDs D33 and D34 asshown in the figure below.The left side of the illustration shows the HoldOver mode and the right side shows the Lock mode.Figure 3 • ZL30343 LED Indication3.1.3External RefClk OptionThe user may choose to provide an external PHY REFCLK via SMA connections to J21 and J23 (as shownin Figure 3 above). To route the SMA signals to the device the user must reorient the zero ohm resistors,R151, and R152.3.1.4Recovered ClocksThere are two recovered clocks available from the VSC8514, through J22 and J24. In the defaultconfiguration, CLK_SQUELCH_IN is pulled down, which disables the clock squelching and RCVRDCLK1 isconnected to the Zarlink device while RCVRDCLK2 is connected to SMA connector J24. RCVRDCLK1 andRCVRDCLK2 connections can be reconfigured by replacing the zero ohm resistors, R19, and R22,respectively.Network Interface Microcontroller CardA “Rabbit” microcontroller card is included to facilitate a software interface to the registers on theVSC8514. The controller card has a hard coded static IP address. Refer to the label on the card for thevalue. This address is required by the user to initiate communications via the board and the GUI.10.9.70.193The factory programmed Rabbit board IP address is: .1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 4Quick Start This section shows the quick start for VSC8514.4.1Connecting the Power SupplyThe evaluation board uses 5 VDC to power the on-board regulators creating the 3.3 V, 2.5 V, and 1.0 V rails which drive the devices as well as modules. The evaluation board can be powered using the power pack which provides the 5 VDC. Simply plug the AC adaptor into a wall socket and the barrel end into J67 (see the upper right corner of Figure 1). Immediately the user should see several LEDs turn on.The user may alternately connect the board to a bench style power supply by connecting the red banana plug to 5 VDC and the black banana plug to ground. If the supply provides 3 A the board should come alive as described above.4.2PC Software InstallationDownload the ZIP file to the PC’s root directory, normally C:\.Extract to C:\Double click the icon to launch the GUI (It is acceptable to drag the icon to the desktop)4.3Connecting to the Board to the PCThe Rabbit board can interface with a PC either through a direct connection to the PC or if configured properly through a local area network. The latter option requires the user to configure the Rabbit’s IP address so as to properly reside on the user’s network.The IP address of the board should be written on the Rabbit network interface daughter board card. The default value should be 10.9.70.193. You will need to use this IP address to initially access the board for operation or to change its IP address.4.3.1Changing the IP Address of the BoardDetermine and write down the new unique IP address you wish to change the board to.Directly connect an Ethernet cable from a PC to the Rabbit board.: Some older PCs do not support auto-crossover on the Ethernet connection so a cross-over NOTE cable may be unch a DOS command window by clicking on the Start->Run button and typing “cmd”.Within the DOS command window type “Telnet”.In the Telnet window, connect to the Rabbit board’s address using the open command by typing open 10.9.70.193, as this is the factory default address.You should have a prompt and be able to type help to get a list of commands available on the Rabbit.a.) If you are unable to connect, then most likely you will need to change the IP address of the connected PC to have the first 3 octets similar to the board by following the subsequent steps.b.) On the PC under Windows -> Control Panel ->Network Connections -> Local Area Connection, right mouse click for Properties. Under the General tab highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click on Properties. From there enter the new PC IP address such as 10.9.70.yyy where yyy is a unique value and NOT the same as the Rabbit board. Once complete, return to step 4.From the Telnet window, update the IP address by typing set ip <new IP address> <Enter>, where <new IP address> is in the form of xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx.After hitting <Enter> the IP address will change and the Rabbit will save the value and reboot which may take approximately 1 minute.The Telnet session will disconnect from the board.Change your PC IP address to the same IP network as the Rabbit board.Telnet to the Rabbit e the following commands to complete configuration of the Rabbit board configuration:a) set netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx b) set gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx c) save envPlease record and inform Microsemi of the new IP address of the board when you return so that11. 12. Please record and inform Microsemi of the new IP address of the board when you return so that Microsemi can connect to and reconfigure the board.Re-label the Rabbit board with the new IP.4.4Using the Control SoftwareConnect the VSC8514EV Rabbit microcontroller’s RJ-45 directly to the PC or through a network switch if properly configured. Apply 5 VDC to the EVB.Launch the GUI by double clicking the GUI shortcut located in C:\EliseGUI_4_67 or on the desktop if it has been moved there. The GUI connection window shown in the figure below should appear.Figure 4 • GUI Connection WindowTo make a connection to the EVB, click “Rabbit” and enter the IP address of the EVB, then click on “Connect”. The display next to the IP address window should change to “Connected”. If it does not, check the IP address, or your network configuration until the connection with the EVB can be successfully established.Double click on “MII Registers” and the window shown in the following figure should appear:1. Double click on “MII Registers” and the window shown in the following figure should appear:Figure 5 • MII Registers GUI WindowBe sure the device is up and running by reading MII Register 0. It should read back 0 × 1040. Reading back all 0’s or all 1’s indicates a problem. A checked box means the bit is set to “1,” if unchecked it is “0.”4.4.1Board InitializationOnce the evaluation board connectivity has been established and confirmed, the PHY should be initialized. Initialization can be accomplished by running an init-script sequence, such as performed by the pre- and post-reset functions of the PHY API standalone app.While the init-script sequence may not be required for specific operational modes, an init-script sequence is highly recommended to ensure correct performance over the greatest set of user scenarios for the PHY. After initialization is performed, refer to the PHY datasheet section on configuring the PHY and PHY Interfaces for the desired application.4.4.2Copper Media Operation (Auto-negotiation Enabled)A single register write and some external coax cables enables 1 G Ethernet traffic to be received by the VSC8514 RJ-45 port(s), routed through the VSC8514 and externally looped back via coax cables through the QSGMII interface and transmitted back to the traffic source on the same copper port(s).The following steps are used to setup an external QSGMII loopback:Set up the copper traffic source (i.e., IXIA or Smartbits)1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Set up the copper traffic source (i.e., IXIA or Smartbits)Connect Ethernet cable(s) to a single or multiple RJ-45 ports.Connect two matched coax cables, J1 - J4 and J2 - J5.Write using the "Micro Page Registers" window: 19'd 0 × 400F.Write using the "Micro Page Registers" window: 18'd 0 × 80E0.When "Micro Page" 18'd is read back, bit 15 will clear.Linkup bit is in MII Reg 1, bit 2 (MII 1.2), read twice to update.Traffic should be the following:4.4.3Sync-E OperationTo enable 12 MHz Sync-E operation on this evaluation board a few register writes are required. Write 0 × 8101 on register 23’d of the “Micro Page Registers” to enable RCVRDCLK1 with PHY0 as the clock source when PHY0’s link is up in a non-EEE mode and not 1000BT master or 10BT. To select a different port as the clock source or enable a recovered clock for EEE mode, refer to register 23 G in the datasheet for the programming detail. Set MII Reg.9 bit 12 to enable manual slave configuration then issue an auto negotiation restart through reg.0 bit 9.4.5Useful Registers 4.5.1Ethernet Packet GeneratorExtMII 29E is the Ethernet Packet Generator register. Refer to the datasheet for configuration options.A good CRC packet counter is in ExtMII 18.13:0. A read of the register reads back the good CRC packets and then clears the register so the subsequent reads will be 0 if no traffic has been received. If traffic has been received since the last read, bit 15 will be set.4.5.2Copper PHY Error CountersIdle errors = MII 10.7:0RX errors = MII 19.7:0False carrier = MII 20.7:0Disconnects = MII 21.7:0CRC errors = ExtMII 23.7:04.5.3Near-End LoopbackWhen the near-end loopback test feature is enabled, the transmitted data is looped back in the PCS block on the receive data signals. To enable the loopback, set register bit.0.14 to 1.4.5.4Far-End LoopbackWhen the far-end loopback test feature is enabled, incoming data from a link partner on the Copper interface to be transmitted back to the link partner on the Copper interface. To enable the loopback, set register bit.23.3 to 1.4.5.5QSGMII SerDes LoopbackThere are 3 different types of loopback that occurs in the SerDes block:Input loopback: loops serial data from TDP/N onto RDP/N by writing 0 × 9022 to reg.18G Facility loopback: loops de-serialized data from TDP/N back to the serialized data onto RDP/N by writing 0 × 9022 to reg.18G Equipment loopback: similar to far-end loop but occurs in the SerDes block, by writing 0 × 9042 to reg.18G5Additional InformationFor any additional information or questions regarding the devices mentioned in this document, contactyour local sales representative.Microsemi HeadquartersOne Enterprise, Aliso Viejo,CA 92656 USAWithin the USA: +1 (800) 713-4113Outside the USA: +1 (949) 380-6100Sales: +1 (949) 380-6136Fax: +1 (949) 215-4996Email:***************************© Microsemi. All rights reserved. Microsemi and the Microsemi logo are trademarks of Microsemi Corporation. All other trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective owners.Microsemi makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee regarding the information contained herein or the suitability of its products and services for any particular purpose, nor does Microsemi assume any liability whatsoever arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit. The products sold hereunder and any other products sold by Microsemi have been subject to limited testing and should not be used in conjunction with mission-critical equipment or applications. Any performance specifications are believed to be reliable but are not verified, and Buyer must conduct and complete all performance and other testing of the products, alone and together with, or installed in, any end-products. Buyer shall not rely on any data and performance specifications or parameters provided by Microsemi. It is the Buyer's responsibility to independently determine suitability of any products and to test and verify the same. The information provided by Microsemi hereunder is provided "as is, where is" and with all faults, and the entire risk associated with such information is entirely with the Buyer. Microsemi does not grant, explicitly or implicitly, to any party any patent rights, licenses, or any other IP rights, whether with regard to such information itself or anything described by such information. Information provided in this document is proprietary to Microsemi, and Microsemi reserves the right to make any changes to the information in this document or to any products and services at any time without notice.Microsemi, a wholly owned subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc. (Nasdaq: MCHP), offers a comprehensive portfolio of semiconductor and system solutions for aerospace & defense, communications, data center and industrial markets. Products include high-performance and radiation-hardened analog mixed-signal integrated circuits, FPGAs, SoCs and ASICs; power management products; timing and synchronization devices and precise time solutions, setting the world's standard for time; voice processing devices; RF solutions; discrete components; enterprise storage and communication solutions; security technologies and scalable anti-tamper products; Ethernet solutions; Power-over-Ethernet ICs and midspans; as well as custom design capabilities and services. Microsemi is headquartered in Aliso Viejo, California, and has approximately 4,800 employees globally. Learn more at www. .VPPD-03695。

PCB Model 482C05 Four-channel, ICP Sensor Signal C

Model 482C05Four-channel, ICP® Sensor Signal Conditioner Installation and Operating ManualFor assistance with the operation of this product,contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Toll-free: 800-828-884024-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001Fax: 716-684-0987E-mail:************Web: Repair and MaintenancePCB guarantees Total Customer Satisfaction through its “Lifetime Warranty Plus” on all Platinum Stock Products sold by PCB and through its limited warranties on all other PCB Stock, Standard and Special products. Due to the sophisticated nature of our sensors and associated instrumentation, field servicing and repair is not recommended and, if attempted, will void the factory warranty.Beyond routine calibration and battery replacements where applicable, our products require no user maintenance. Clean electrical connectors, housings, and mounting surfaces with solutions and techniques that will not harm the material of construction. Observe caution when using liquids near devices that are not hermetically sealed. Such devices should only be wiped with a dampened cloth—never saturated or submerged.In the event that equipment becomes damaged or ceases to operate, our Application Engineers are here to support your troubleshooting efforts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call or email with model and serial number as well as a brief description of the problem. CalibrationRoutine calibration of sensors and associated instrumentation is necessary to maintain measurement accuracy. We recommend calibrating on an annual basis, after exposure to any extreme environmental influence, or prior to any critical test.PCB Piezotronics is an ISO-9001 certified company whose calibration services are accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025, with full traceability to SI through N.I.S.T. In addition to our standard calibration services, we also offer specialized tests, including: sensitivity at elevated or cryogenic temperatures, phase response, extended high or low frequency response, extended range, leak testing, hydrostatic pressure testing, and others. For more information, contact your local PCB Piezotronics distributor, sales representative, or factory customer service representative. Returning EquipmentIf factory repair is required, our representatives will provide you with a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number, which we use to reference any information you have already provided and expedite the repair process. This number should be clearly marked on the outside of all returned package(s) and on any packing list(s) accompanying the shipment.Contact InformationPCB Piezotronics, Inc.3425 Walden Ave.Depew, NY14043 USAToll-free: (800) 828-884024-hour SensorLine: (716) 684-0001General inquiries: ************Repair inquiries: ***********For a complete list of distributors, global offices and sales representatives, visit our website, .Safety ConsiderationsThis product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the precautions required to avoid injury. While our equipment is designed with user safety in mind, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired if equipment is used in a manner not specified by this manual.Discontinue use and contact our 24-Hour Sensorline if:∙Assistance is needed to safely operate equipment∙Damage is visible or suspected∙Equipment fails or malfunctionsFor complete equipment ratings, refer to the enclosed specification sheet for your product.Definition of Terms and SymbolsThe following symbols may be used in this manual:DANGERIndicates an immediate hazardoussituation, which, if not avoided, mayresult in death or serious injury.CAUTIONRefers to hazards that could damage the instrument.NOTEIndicates tips, recommendations and important information. The notes simplify processes and containadditional information on particular operating steps.The following symbols may be found on the equipment described in this manual:This symbol on the unit indicates that high voltage may be present. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with this voltage.This symbol on the unit indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.This symbol indicates safety, earth ground.PCB工业监视和测量设备 - 中国RoHS2公布表PCB Industrial Monitoring and Measuring Equipment - China RoHS 2 Disclosure Table部件名称有害物质铅 (Pb)汞(Hg)镉(Cd) 六价铬 (Cr(VI)) 多溴联苯 (PBB) 多溴二苯醚 (PBDE)住房O O O O O O PCB板X O O O O O 电气连接器O O O O O O 压电晶体X O O O O O 环氧O O O O O O 铁氟龙O O O O O O 电子O O O O O O 厚膜基板O O X O O O 电线O O O O O O 电缆X O O O O O 塑料O O O O O O 焊接X O O O O O 铜合金/黄铜X O O O O O 本表格依据 SJ/T 11364 的规定编制。

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