单词
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1.N-COUNT A lump of something is a solid piece of it. 块
例: The potter shaped and squeezed the lump of clay into a graceful shape.
制陶工人把一块黏土塑形,压成漂亮的形状。
例: ...a lump of wood.
…一块木头。
2.N-COUNT A lump on or in someone's body is a small, hard swelling that has been caused by an injury or an illness. 肿块
例: I've got a lump on my shoulder.
我的肩膀上有个肿块。
3.N-COUNT A lump of sugar is a small cube of it. 一小方块(糖)
例: ...a nugget of rough gold about the size of a lump of sugar.
…未加工的天然金块,约一块方糖大小。
→see also lump sum
PHRASE If you say that you have a lump in your throat, you mean that you have a tight feeling in your throat because of a strong emotion such as sorrow or gratitude. 喉咙哽咽例: I stood there with a lump in my throat and tried to fight back tears.
我站在那儿,喉咙哽咽,拼命忍住眼泪。
lump sum总额;汇总
lump coal块煤
lump ore块矿
in a lump一次全部地
lump sum payment整笔付款;一次总算,一次总付
... in the turn of a hand 顷刻间in the very act of正当in the vicinity of 在邻近...美[və'sɪnəti]n.附近地区,近处;近邻So maybe your soul is located, more or less, in the
vicinity of your body.
所以你的灵魂是有位置的,或多或少,就在你的身体附近
steep1[s ti:p]
adj.陡峭的,峻峭的,险峻的2.(上升或下降)急剧的,大起大落的
adv.陡峭地,险峻地
n.(山的)陡峭地;陡坡,悬崖峭壁
1.A steep increase or decrease in something is a very big increase or decrease. 急剧的例: Consumers are rebelling at steep price increases.
消费者们正在抗议急剧的物价上涨。
steep·ly 急剧地
例: Unemployment is rising steeply.
失业率正在急剧上升。
2.If you say that the price of something is steep, you mean that it is expensive. (价格) 高昂的
例: The annual premium can be a little steep, but will be well worth it if your dog is injured. 每年的保险费可能有点贵,但是如果您的狗受了伤就很值了。
3.The road passes over a steep mountain.
这条路翻越一架陡峭的高山。
steep2[sti:p]
vt.浸,泡:to steep the tea in hot water
用热水泡茶
She steeped reeds for basket weaving.
她把芦苇浸泡起来以备编织篮子。
使湿泡,使浸透:Her skirt was steeped with blood.
她的裙子上浸透了血。
沉浸;笼罩;使渗透:to be steeped in happiness
沉浸在欢乐之中
an incident steeped in mystery
笼罩着神秘色彩的事件
The soil was steeped by the rain.
雨水渗透了土壤。
短语:(be) steeped in
沉浸于;充满着
埋头于;精通
soak [səuk] vt. 吸收,吸入;沉浸在(工作或学习中);使……上下湿透
vi.浸泡,浸渍:The clothes should soak for a quarter before washing.
洗这些衣服之前应浸泡一刻钟
浸湿,湿透:He soaked all over.
他浑身都湿透了。
渗透:The sweat has soaked out of his shirt.
汗水透过他的衬衣渗了出来。
Immediately the water soaked into the sand.
很快水就渗进了沙子里。
铭记在心;深入脑海(in):The lesson didn't soak in.
这次的教训并未被吸取。
soak in吸收;被深刻领会
soak up v. 吸收
soak time浸泡时间
soak into v. 渗透入
soak up the sun v. 沐日光浴
Soak your tension away.
将你的紧张“泡”走。
If you have it, soak it in aether for a while. 取出之后,将它放入乙醚中浸泡一会儿。
Let the clothes soak for a few hours in soapy water.
让衣服在肥皂水中泡几小时。
reportorial [,repə'tɔ:riəl] adj.记者的, 新闻报道式的
assignment problem指派问题;分配问题;分派问题;配置问题
pole assignment极点配置
assignment method转让方法;指定分配方法
school assignment学生作业;课题channel assignment信道分配;通道分配;信道指配
1.I begged off that assignment.
我恳求免除分派的那个任务。
《21世纪大英汉词典》
2.Your assignment is to dissect the poem. 你的任务是仔细评论这首诗。
《21世纪大英汉词典》
3.He has just come off a difficult assignment.
他刚刚结束了一项艰巨任务。
n. 分配;任务;作业;功课
Scene: 1.(事件发生的)地点,现场
2.(现实生活中的)事件
3.场面,场景
4.(戏剧、故事等的)发生地;环境,背景
5.(戏剧、电影等的)一个片断;一个情节
6.【电影】一个镜头;【戏剧】一场;(小说等的)章节on the scene在场;出现;到场night scene夜景
new scene新建场景;建立新场景;新场景
behind the scene幕后;幕后花絮;未开拓市场
love scene n. 恋爱场面
A scene in a play, movie, or book is part of it in which a series of events happen in the same place. 场面; 片断
例: ...the opening scene of "A Christmas Carol."
…《圣诞颂歌》的开场。
例: ...Act I, scene 1.
…第1幕,第1场。
例: It's a scene of complete devastation.
那是一幅满目疮痍的景象。
例: Thick black smoke billowed over the scene.
黑色的浓烟从现场滚滚升起。
N-COUNT You can describe an event that you see, or that is broadcast or shown in a picture, as a scene of a particular kind. 场面; 事件
例: There were emotional scenes as the refugees enjoyed their first breath of freedom.
难民们享受第一口自由的呼吸时,有一些感人至深的场面。
例: Television broadcasters were warned to exercise caution over depicting scenes of violence.
电视台受到警告,在描述暴力场面时要采取谨慎态度。
N-COUNT The scene of an event is the place where it happened. 现场
例: The area has been the scene of fierce fighting for three months.
这个地区是3个月来激烈战斗的现场。
例: ...traces left at the scene of a crime.
…在犯罪现场留下的痕迹。
PHRASE If something is done behind the scenes, it is done secretly rather than publicly. 秘密地; 在幕后
例: But behind the scenes Mr. Cain will be working quietly to try to get a deal done.
但在幕后,凯恩先生将会不声不响地工作,努力把交易做成。
PHRASE If you refer to what happens behind the scenes, you are referring to what happens during the making of a movie, play, or radio or television program. 在幕后; 在后台
例: It's an exciting opportunity to learn what goes on behind the scenes.
这是个令人激动的机会,可以了解幕后发生的事情。
PHRASE If you have a change of scene, you go somewhere different after being in a particular place for a long time. 换个环境
例: What you need is a change of scene. Why not go on a cruise?
你需要的是换个环境。
为何不乘游轮去旅行呢?
PHRASE Something that sets the scene for a particular event creates the conditions in which the event is likely to happen. 为…做好准备
例: An improving economy helped set the scene for his re-election.
好转的经济为他的再选铺平了道路。
PHRASE When a person or thing appears on the scene, they come into being or become involved in something. When they disappear from the scene, they are no longer there or are no longer involved. 登场/离场; 到场/消失
例: He could react jealously when and if another child comes on the scene.
如果有别的孩子加入其中,他可能会表现得相当嫉妒。
preoccupation[pri:,ɔkju'peiʃən] n. 全神贯注,入神;当务之急;关注的事物;抢先占据;成见take one's preoccupation with 全神贯注于,专心致志于But sex is at the core of his work: women were his preoccupation.
但是性却是其作品的核心内容:女人是他关注的主题。
rub1[rʌb]vt. 擦;摩擦;惹怒
vi. 擦;摩擦;擦破
n. 摩擦;障碍;磨损处
rub off擦掉;使显得暗淡
rub shoulders with与……接触,并肩
He rubbed his forehead with the back of his hand.
他用手背擦了擦前额。
使互相摩擦(常与together连用);使触碰;蹭(常与against连用):It was cold,so he rubbed his hands together.
天很冷,他使劲搓着双手。
You've rubbed your trousers against some wet paint.
你把裤子蹭上了未干的油漆。
磨光;擦亮:The floor has been rubbed clean and shiny.
地板擦得明光锃亮。
Please rub the surface of the test tube dry before doing the experiment.
在进行试验之前请先把试管的表面擦干。
涂(常与on或over连用):She rubbed the ointment on her arm.
她把软膏涂在臂上。
触痛;惹恼:Her talkativeness often rubbed him.
她的多嘴多舌常常惹他发火。
擦掉;磨去;使减色(常与out,off或away连用):The paint has been rubbed away from the edges of the table.
桌子边上的漆都被蹭掉了。
拓印(碑文等)
vi.摩擦;磨;蹭:She opened the door gently so as not to rub against the wet paint.
她小心翼翼地把门打开,生怕蹭上未干的油漆。
揉;按摩:She rubbed at her ankle.
她用手揉了揉脚腕子。
互相摩擦:Their shoulders rubbed together as they walked.
他们走路时,两人的肩膀互相摩擦着。
擦破;磨损;擦痛
被擦掉(常与off或out连用):The mud will rub off easily.
泥很容易擦掉。
使人恼火:It rubs to work under such an obstinate man.
在这种蛮不讲理的人手下工作真令人恼火。
1.a rub in(或on) one's way 某人前进道路上的障碍;妨碍某人的东西
2.a rub of(或on)the green
【高尔夫球】对球的妨碍(指高尔夫球碰到人或其他东西)
偏离方向;受外界干扰
3.Here lies the rub. =There's the rub.
4.There's (或That's)the rub. 问题就在这里;这就是困难所在
5.the rubs and worries of life 人生的辛酸
a crowd of一大群;许多的crowd out vt. 挤出;推开
crowd into涌入;挤入
a large crowd of一大群的
follow the crowd随大流
in crowds成群结队; 众多; 成群
City crowds城市老百姓的生活
The Crowds人来人往
bob up and down
上下跳动:The cork on a fishing line bobbed up and down on the water.
钓丝上的浮子在水面上下跳动。
The girl bobbed up and down in the water, waving for help.
姑娘在水中上下晃动,挥手呼救。
set off
出发,动身:to set off in the direction of
朝着…的方向出发
使开始(做某事):to set off on something
开始干某事
引起;激起:to set off a chain reaction
引起连锁反应
点燃:使爆炸;发射:to set a mine off
引爆地雷
划分出,拨出(作为他用):to set off some money for
为…拨出一部分钱
平衡;抵消:to set off gains against losses
得失相当
Hook [huk] 钩;(用钩)吊,挂;用钩固定;用钩联结:I hooked his foot when he passed me and he staggered but didn't fall.
他从我身边走过时我勾住了他的脚,他被绊了一个趔趄可并没摔倒。
to hook one's umbrella on the clothes-rack
把伞挂在衣架上
钓(鱼):For over 3 hours I've hooked only a small fish.
钓了三个多小时,我就钓着这么一条小鱼。
使成钩状:He led her to the masses with his arm hooked round her waist.
他搂着她的腰,把她领到众人面前。
引(人)上钩;用计谋把…弄到手:He was hooked to buy 10 boxes of drink.
他受引诱买下了十箱饮料。
to hook someone into doing something
施计让某人做某事
Hook on挽住手臂;迷上,着迷(常用于被动语态)Be hooked on 迷恋
revel in
酷爱,深爱;特别喜欢;醉心于,纵情于,沉湎于:Young men revel in doing dangerous tasks.
年轻小伙子特别喜欢干有危险性的苦差事。
The young movie star reveled in the public's admiration.
这位年轻的电影明星沉湎于观众的赞美声中。
Crazy adj craze n
两者意思有重合处都有“逐渐消失平息”的意思主要是看所使用的语境了
die away:强调的是(情感,风、声音)减弱/平息;还有动植物的死亡,消失,以及假死(昏厥)这个用的极少
His anger died away.
他的怒气逐渐平息下来了。
The winds die away after the typhoon passed.
台风过后,风渐渐平息了。
The noise of the car die away in the distance.
汽车的声音消失在远方
Almost as quickly as they appeared, these small plants die away.
这些小植物很快就消失了,几乎就象它们长出来时那样迅速。
She died away at the sight.
她一看到这情况就昏过去了(这个少见)
Eventually these conditioning methods will cause the thoughts to die down.
最后这些调节方法将使这些想法消失.
The laughter died down.
笑声停下来了。
Curiosity died down.
好奇心逐渐消失了。
fade away 强调的是图像,情感方面的东西“逐渐消失褪色”比如说记忆,人的感情,荣耀等
Memories of my sister faded away after many years.
过了多年以后,对我姐姐的记忆渐渐淡化了。
The memory of his hard childhood will never fade away.
他童年时期的痛苦记忆永远不会逝去。
The wins and losses that once seemed so important will fade away.
而曾经对你如此重要的成功与失败也将随风飘逝。
Even the glory had fade away, but you can still shine if you meet the right sun. 荣耀有退色,但你能仍然发光如果你遇见正确的太阳!
逐渐衰弱:Old soldiers never die,they only faded away.
老兵从来不是死掉的,他们只是慢慢消失了。
悄悄离去,逐渐消失:When the police arrived,the crowd faded away.
警察来了以后,人群渐渐散去。
Credit n. 信用,信誉;[金融] 贷款;学分;信任;声望
vt. 相信,信任;把…归给,归功于credit to ;赞颂
credit card信用卡;记帐卡
credit risk信用风险;信贷风险;信用危机
on credit赊帐
credit first信用第一
credit standing信用状况;商业信誉credit crisis信用危机
I didn't credit that absurd tale.
我不相信那个荒谬绝伦的故事。
I think our credit has been overextended to diversify.
我认为我们的贷款到目前为止太分散了。
It is dishonest of you to take credit for work that was done by others.
你把别人所做的工作归功于自己是不诚实的。
enthusiasm [in'θju:ziæzəm; in'θu:-]enthusiastic [in,θju:zi'æstik]enthusiast [in'θju:ziæst; inθu:-] n. 狂热者,热心家
enthusiasm for热爱……
with enthusiasm热情洋溢;狂热地arouse the enthusiasm of调动积极性creative enthusiasm创作热情
go completely out of fashion变得一点也不流行
go out of business歇业; 破产; 停业; 倒闭
go out of style不再时兴; 衣物
go out of existence不复存在
go out of sight变得看不见
go out of bounds出界
go out of the window不再被考虑Unfortunately it seems that when radiation knocks at the door, science and rational thinking go out of the window.
但不幸的是,当核辐射来敲门时,科学和理智的思考都被抛到了窗外。
screech1[skri:tʃ]
vi.尖叫;发出尖利刺耳的声音(或喊声):尖叫;发出尖利刺耳的声音(或喊声):to screech at
somebody对某人尖声叫喊Meanwhile Katie heard the air horn and the screech of the train's brakes.
与此同时,凯蒂听到了警报声,也听到火车紧急刹车的刺耳声音。
vt.尖声喊叫出:尖声喊叫出:He screeched that he didn’t do it. 他尖叫着说他没做那事。
go over to
过河(或街)到…;经过一段路程到…:A boat goes over to the island once a week with mail and provisions.
有艘船每周一次带着邮件和供给驶向该岛。
改为,改变(信仰、宗教)转到;退出(政党)
转向:He has gone over to the other party. 他已投靠另一政党。
改变选择;转换:to go over to a vegetarian diet
改为吃素
immense adj. Extremely large or great.指无法测量的大,面积广大的,程度无限的immense: immeasurable 不可测量的 For example:an immense crowd of people人山人海;the immense ocean无边无际的海洋the immense wilderness.广袤的荒野
1.One disease on our agenda causes immense suffering in large parts of the world, but does its greatest harm in Africa. 我们的议程上有一种疾病在世界上许多地方造成巨大的痛苦,但在非洲产生最大的危害。
2.But the cost —to the world economy and, above all, to the millions of lives blighted by the absence of jobs —will nonetheless be immense.
但其代价——对整个世界经济,尤其是对那些由于失业而饱受挫折的千百万的民众来说——将仍然是巨大的。
tremendous adj. very great, very good.指体积或程度巨大,大得吓人(强调大得惊人)For example:a tremendous meal 一顿大餐
1.The development of the virtual design system for large size Press Brakes has tremendous economic and social .
大型折弯机虚拟设计系统的开发具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
2.Tremendous changes have taken place here.
这里发生了巨大的变化。
3.Modern technology catalyzed tremendous economic growth in China.
现代技术促成了中国经济的巨大发展。
4.I say that because it gives tremendous liquidity to the markets.
我这样说是因为它给市场带来的巨大的流动性。
gigantic
adj.
巨人般的, 巨大的
例句与用法:
1. The company has made gigantic losses this year, and will probably be out of business.
这个公司今年亏损巨大,有可能倒闭。
2. Of immense size, volume, or capacity; gigantic.
庞大的面积、体积、容积很大的;巨大的
3. No, I'd rather go to the Ming Tombs. I'm longing to have a look at the gigantic stone sculptures, so majestic!
不,我宁愿去明十三陵。
我渴望看一看那些巨大的石雕,多么宏伟啊!
Something that is massive is very large in size, quantity, or extent. (尺寸、数量、规模) 非常大的[强调]
例: There was evidence of massive fraud. 有证据表明是巨额欺诈。
例: ...massive air attacks.
…大规模的空袭。
massively ADV 非常大地
例: ...a massively popular game.
…一种非常受欢迎的游戏。
If you describe a medical condition as massive, you mean that it is extremely serious. 严重的[ADJ n]
例: He died six weeks later of a massive heart attack.
他6周后死于一次严重的心脏病发作。
This massive investment indicates that
there is demand for ....这样巨大的投资表明,对云中资源的虚拟化存在着巨大的需求。
massive retaliation大规模报复enormous
adj. 庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.
互联网也不是我们所拥有的惟一工具,但它却有巨大的潜力。
Vast
1.Modernization of a vast country like China cannot be done at one go.
在中国这样一个幅员广大的国家里,要实现四个现代化,不可能一蹴而就。
On the vast fields, one sees nothing but the wheat billowing in the wind.
在辽阔的原野上,但见麦浪随风起伏。
vast majority绝大多数,大部份
vast scale大规模;大比例
vast sums of money巨额金钱
macro ['mækrəu]adj.宏观的,大量的n.宏
观,宏观经济macro instruction广义指令,宏指令macro definition宏定义What are the macro trends in this industry that should be considered during application design?
在应用程序设计期间应该考虑此行业中的哪些宏观趋势?
sketch [sketʃ]
n.写生;素描,速写(画),,草稿;草案,,简图,略图So if we just sketch that.
那么如果我们把那画个草图。
sketch map示意图,草图
design sketch设计图
sketch out v. 概略地叙述;草拟
sketch in约略地补充
sort of有几分地;到某种程度;稍稍some sort of某种的;多少有些;仿佛sort out挑选出
of sorts各种各样的
that sort of thing那类事情
Introducts its concept , function , sort and development trend.
对什么是中间件,中间件的功能和分类以及中间件的发展趋势都进行了阐述。
This store handles the sort of liquor you need.
这家商店出售你要的那种酒。
I don't do that sort of thing in this university.
我认为在这所大学这类事情不符合礼仪。
amid prep. 在其中,在其间cost ume英['kɒstjuːm]
n. 服装,装束;戏装,剧装
vt. 给…穿上服装
prospect
英['prɒspekt]
n. 前途;预期;景色
vi. 勘探,找矿
vt. 勘探,勘察
短语:in prospect 可以预料到,有希望;展望中的
in (或within) prospect (of) 可期待;在望;有希望;在考虑中
twinge [twindʒ]
n.刺痛,剧痛;阵痛
痛心,懊悔,悔恨,内疚,疑虑不安
vt.使刺痛;使剧痛
[废语]捏;拧;扭
vi.感到剧痛;刺痛
短语:a twinge of conscience 内疚,悔恨,良心的责备 a twinge of embarrassment一阵尴尬
Crush
get a crush on迷恋
have a crush on迷恋…
crush in压成,碾成;挤进,把…塞进on the site现场
slay英[sleɪ]
vt. 杀害,杀死;使禁不住大笑vi. 杀死,杀害;残杀
[ 过去式slew 过去分词slain 现在分词slaying ]
column ['kɔləm]短语:dodge the
column [俚语]逃避责任;回避工作(或任务) n.【建筑学】柱,支柱;圆柱;纪念柱
柱状物
(印刷等的)栏
(报纸或杂志的)专栏(文章),特写
竖行;一列
(舰队的)纵列;(部队的)纵列,纵队【解剖学】脊骨,脊柱
Add up the figures in this column.
把这一栏的数字合计一下。
He uses his daily column to whale away at the war.
agitate英['ædʒɪteɪt]
vt. 摇动;骚动;使…激动
vi. 煽动
(尤指剧烈地)摇动,拨动;搅动,搅拌(液体等):The washing machine agitates the clothes.
洗衣机搅动衣服。
The hurricane winds agitated the sea.
飓风掀起海浪。
使激动;使焦虑;使狂躁不安:The crowd was agitated by his speech.
人群被他的演说激动起来。
a crowd agitated to a frenzy by impassioned oratory
被慷慨激昂的演说所激动至狂的人群
a man agitated by disquieting news
被令人不安的消息弄得烦躁不安的男人
鼓动,煽动,扰乱(人心):to agitate the public 鼓动群众
为(引起对某事的注意或争取对某事的支持而)公开激烈争论(计划、问题等):The issue of human rights is widely agitated.
人权问题引起广泛而激烈的辩论。
to agitate the question
激烈争论问题
vi.煽动,鼓动(for 或against):
they were agitating for reforms.
他们进行鼓动支持改革。
to agitate for the repeal of a tax
鼓动支持取消一项税收
agitate against the autonomy
鼓动反对自治
renown
英[rɪ'naʊn]
n. 声誉;名望
vt. 使有声望
He was also a loyal company man, never
allowing his growing renown to go to his head.
他也是一位忠诚的团队成员,从不让其不断上升的名望冲昏头脑。
A distinguished reputation;renown.
卓越的名声;名望
He is a poet of great renown.
他是一位赫赫有名的诗人。
He won renown as a pianist.
他赢得钢琴家的声誉。
They are men of renown.
这些都是知名人士。
I want to see all places of renown in London
prestige [pre'sti:ʒ; -'sti:dʒ;
'prestidʒ]
n.(由于财富等而产生的)显赫
威信;威望,声望
影响力;吸引力;魅力
He is a scientist of high prestige.
他是一位有声望的科学家。
The high prestige of the premier is radicated in the hearts of the people.
总理的崇高威信在人民的心中树立起来。
the prestige and competition of country’s imported products出口产品信誉和国际竞争力。
reputation [,repju'teiʃən]
n.名声,声誉
好名声,美名;信誉;荣誉
短语:by reputation 由(或通过)名声;由于知名度
have a reputation for something 以某事出名[可用于褒义或贬义]
live up to one's reputation 行为与名声相符,名不虚传
good reputation良好声誉
high reputation盛誉
reputation for名声,名气;以…闻名
of reputation有名望的
business reputation商业信誉;营业信誉The book is well worthy of his reputation. 这本书完全配得上他的声望。
Why is he always trying to vilify my reputation?
为什么他总是想方设法毁坏我的名誉? fame [feim]
hall of fame名人纪念馆
fame and fortune名声与财富
wealth and fame名利
rise to fame成名,名声大振
He owed his fame to good fortune.
他把他获得的名望归因于好运。
In those years he just fought for fame.
那些年,他只是为成名而奋斗。
Trade 职业的意思foreign trade外贸,对外贸易
international trade国际贸易
world trade世界贸易
trade in买卖;抵价购物
trade something for something用某物换某物,用某货换某货
free trade [经]自由贸易
export trade出口贸易;出口商
world trade organization世界贸易组织trade for以…换得;贸易交换
earthly ['ə:θli]
adj.地球的;尤指:地球上的,大地的,陆(地)的,陆上的
人间的,世间的
现世的;尘世的,世俗的(与天国的相对)
She has no duty to earthly accuracy or verisimilitude.
她没有责任去确保世俗的精确和逼真。
on earthly [口语] , ◎根本没有…,毫无(后接chance, good, use, reason 等) , ◎(系earthly chance, good, hope, use 等的省略)毫无机会(或可能、希望、用处等)
earthly paradise地上乐园,人间天堂一、顺读法
顺读法,也叫直接读法,先读“钟点数”,再读“分钟数”,见数读数,直接读出。
例如:7: 20 读作seven twenty;8: 45读作eight forty-five;11: 30读作eleven thirty。
如果时间是整点,就用“钟点数+o'clock”来表示,o'clock可省略。
例如:8:00可读作eight o'clock或eight;
10: 00可读作ten o'clock 或ten。
二、倒读法
此方法是“先读分钟数”,再读“钟点数”。
使用此方法要注意两点:
1. 如果分钟数在30以内,就用“分钟数+past + 钟点数”表示,介词past的意思是“过”。
例如:6: 10 读作ten past six;9: 25 读作twenty-five past nine。
当分钟数正好是“三十分钟”时,可用“顺读法”中的“钟点数+ thirty”,也可用“half + past +钟点数”。
例如:7: 30可读作seven thirty 或half past seven。
2. 如果分钟数超过30,则用“(60-分钟数)+ to + (钟点数+ 1)”来表示,介词to为“差”的意思。
例如:6: 35 读作twenty-five to seven(差二十五分钟到七点);10: 50读作ten to eleven(差十分钟到十一点)。
在“倒读法”中,当分钟数涉及到“15分钟”时,一般不用fifteen,而用a quarter(一刻钟)来表示。
例如:10: 15读作 a quarter past ten (一般不读fifteen past ten);9: 45 读作a quarter to ten(一般不读fifteen to ten )。
(1)基数词的读法
我们先从基数词入手。
首先掌握三位以内数字的读法,因为它是多位数字的基础,一旦熟练掌握,再借助一个逗号,便可轻松应付四位以上任何庞大的数字。
我们可以通过例子来说明这一点。
①3—5位数的读法
202读作:two hundred(and)two
234读作:two hundred(and)thirty-four
1,234读作:one thousand two hundred(and)thirty four
但是在读法上须注意以下几点:
a.在英式英语中,一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and\'’,但美式英语中则不用。
如:3,077读作:U.S:three thousand seventy—seven.
b.不定冠词“a”只在数的开头才和hundred,thousand等连用。
试比较:
146读作:a hundred(and)forty-six
2,146读作:two thousand,one hundred(and)forty six
c.1,000这个整数我们说a thousand,在and前我们也说a thousand,但是在一个有百位数的数目前就得说one thousand试比较:
1,031读作:a thousand,(and)thirty-one,
1,150读作:one thousand,one hundred(and)fifty
d.hundred,thousand和million这几个词的单数可以和:“a”者“one”连用,但是不能单独使用。
在非正式文体中“a”比较常见;当我们说话比较准确的时候就用“one”试比较:
I Want to live for a hundred years.
The journey took exactly one hundred days.
e.我们常常说eleven hundred(1,100),twelve hundred(1,200)等,而不说one thous and one hundred.从1,100到1,900之间的整数,这种说法
最常见。
5位以上数字的读法
11,234读作:eleven thousand two hundred(and),thirty—four
155,721读作:one hundred(and)fifly-fivethous and seven hundred(and)twenty-one
6,155,702读作:six million one hundred(and)fifly-five thous and seven hundred and two
26,000,008读作:twenty-six million and eight 326,414,718读作:three hundred(and)twenty-six mil-lion,four hundred(and)four teen thous and,seven hundred(and)eigh-teen
4,302,000,000读作:four billion three hundred(and)two million
由以上一组数字可以看出,多位数由右向左每3位有一逗号,这个逗号的作用非同小可,在记忆数字时,它可以帮我们很大的忙!
逆向第一个逗号读thousand;向左再推三位,第二个逗号读million;第三个逗号读billion;第四个逗号就是trillion。
这几个逗号的作用在于,当我们听到若干thousand时,立即写下这个数,并在其后打一个逗号,并留出3位;当听到若干million,则写下数字,并在其后打一逗号,留出6位;听到若干billion,方法同上,在后面留出9位,后面的million、thousand依此法类推,让所有数字各就其位。
例如,当你听到“twenty thous and and four\'’写出20,“and four”意为后一组仅有个位,即:004,那么,这个数字完整地写下来就是20,004;若听到“six million twenty thousand four hundred and twenty—three,”则第一步先写:6,020,再将最后一组423写在第一个逗号后面。
完整的翠字为6,020,423。
若听到“One billion,one hundred and four million,twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-three”:主第一步写出1,104,第二步接下去写第三组020,第三步二写423,这样得到的完整数字便是1,104,020,423,由此:见这个三位一逗号的作用有多大。
只要我们在平时的训练中加强对三位数读写的训练,能分辨“ty”与“teen\'’,并能借助这个不可缺少的“逗号”,无论数字多么大,也不会对我们造成障碍。
(2)序数词的读法
lst读作:(the)first
2nd读作:(the)second
3nd读作:(the)third
4th读作:(the)fourth
20th读作:(the)twentieth
21st读作:(the)twenty-first
22nd读作:(the)twenty-second
23rd读作:(the)twenty-third其它以此类推。
A.分数
(3)分数、小数和百分比的读法;分数中分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。
先读分子,后读分母。
当分子大于1时,分母要加“s”。
例如
1/2读作:a/one half(口语中更倾向于用“a”代替“one”)
1/3读作:a/one third
1/8读作:an/one eighth
1/4读作:a/one quarter(fourth)
2/3读作:two thirds
1/5/9读作one and five ninths
比较复杂的分数常常用over这个词表示。
如:317/509读作:three hundred and seventeen over five hundred and nine
3/4hour,7/lOmile则说three quarters of an hour(三刻钟),seven tenths of a mile(十分之七英里)。
B.小数
含小数点的数字,小数点“.”读“point”,小数点后的数若是两位以上,则分别读出。
0.5读作:(nought) * point five
0.25读作:(nought) point two five
0.125读作;(nought)point one two five
93,64m读作:ninety-three point six four meters 2’15.11’’读作:two minutes fifteen point one one seconds
C.百分比
读百分比只需在相应的数字后加“percent"。
如:25%读作twenty-five percent
11.3%读作eleven point three percent
(4)年代及日期的读法
数字表示的年份通常分成两半来说。
2000B.C.读作:two thousand BC
1558读作:fifteen fifty-eight
1603读作:six teen(hundred and)three/sixteen oh three
921读作:nine twenty-one
日期的表达英式和美式有所不同,请注意区别。
在日期的写法上,英式先写日子,美式先写月份。
英1999年4月6日=6th April l999
美1999年4月6日=April 6,1999
在读法上,英国人有两种表达方式:
1.April the sixth,nineteen ninety-nine 2.The sixth of April,nineteen ninety-nine
美国人则一般这样表示:
April sixth,nineteen ninety-nine(省略“the")
(5)钟点的读法
钟点的读法分英式和美式两种,我们应对此加以注意。
英7:00 seven o’clock a.m./p.m.
8:15 a quarter past eight/eight fifteen
9:30 half past nine/nine thirty
9:45 a quarter to ten/nine forty-five
10:03 three(minutes)past ten/ten oh three
美用法基本相似,只是英国用past之处,美国通常用after;英国用to之处,美国常用fo。
美5:15 a quarter after five/five fifteen
9:30 nine thirty/half past nine*
9:45 a quarter of ten/nine forty-five
9:55 five of ten/nine fifty-five 当用于军事命令和旅行时间表时,其读法如下:07:00 (Oh)seven hundred hours=7:00a.m.09:15 (Oh) nine fifteen=9:15a.m.
12:00 twelve hundred hours=midday/noon 13:45 thirteen forty-five-1:45p.m.
19:00 nineteen hundred hours:7:00p.m.23:05 twenty-three(Oh)five--11:05p.m.24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight 24:10 twenty-four ten’ten past midnight
(6)电话号码、温度与门牌号的读法
A.电话号码
读电话号码时,每个数字一一读出,“o”英式读d1〔ou];美式则读zero英国人在读两个相同数字时,通常读成double尤其是当这两个数处在同一组时(电话号码由右向左每两位一组)。
例如:345—6638读作:three four five,double six three eight
307—4922读作:three oh seven,four nine double two而美式则读成:three zero seven,four nine two two但如果相同的两个数不在同一组,则可以有两种读法。
例如:62899033即可读成six two eight double nine oh double three,也可读作six two eight nine nine oh double three,但99033绝不可读作nine nine oh three three。
相反,在遇到号码中数字相同时,美式则一律重复念出该数字。
但英式有一例外,英国的紧急电话999却总读成nine,nine,nine。
B.温度
表示温度有华氏(Fahrenheit)和摄氏(Centigrade)两种。
英美均使用华氏作为温度的计量单位。
摄氏用法现已日渐普及。
15℃读作:fifteen degrees Centigrade(或Celsius) 32℉读作:thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit
0C读作:zero degrees Centigrade
-5C读作:five degrees below zero
C.门牌号.
门牌号遇三位数分别读出各数字,遇四位数时则分成两半来读。
例如:
Room 302读作:Room three Of two/three zero two。