大学新视野英语第四本课文概括
新视野大学英语教材4笔记
新视野大学英语教材4笔记Unit 1 - New Challenges本单元主要介绍了全球化和科技进步带来的新挑战。
学生需要从以下几个方面来理解这些新挑战的本质以及对个人和社会的影响：1. 全球化对就业市场的影响随着全球化的进程，就业市场面临着新的竞争压力。
传统的职业岗位可能会受到自动化和机器人技术的冲击。
因此，工作岗位的需求和技能要求也在不断变化。
个人应该积极适应这些变化，提升自身的技能，以适应新的就业形势。
2. 国际交流对个人成长的影响国际交流可以为个人提供更广阔的视野，加深对不同文化的理解和尊重。
通过与不同国家和地区的人接触，学生可以开阔思维，培养更多的国际化背景和能力。
3. 在线教育的机遇与挑战随着互联网的普及，在线教育成为一种新的学习方式。
学生可以利用网络资源学习新知识和技能，提升自己的学习效果。
然而，在线教育也存在着质量不一的问题，学生需要学会辨别和选择可靠的教育资源。
4. 数字时代的信息管理信息技术的迅猛发展使得信息获取更加容易快捷，但也面临着信息过载的问题。
学生需要学会有效地管理和筛选信息，培养批判性思维来识别可信度和准确性。
Unit 2 - Land of Diversity本单元主要介绍了巴西的多样性及其文化特点。
学生需要了解以下几个方面的知识：1. 气候和地理条件巴西位于南美洲，拥有多样的气候和地理条件。
这对巴西国内的农业、旅游和资源开发产生了重要影响。
2. 物种多样性巴西是全球最生物多样性的国家之一，拥有丰富的动植物物种。
学生需要了解巴西的保护政策以及人类活动对生物多样性的影响。
3. 文化多元性巴西是一个多元文化国家，融合了来自欧洲、非洲和美洲原住民的文化。
学生需要了解不同地区的文化特点，如风俗习惯、音乐和舞蹈等。
4. 社会问题巴西面临着一些社会问题，如贫富分化、犯罪率高等。
学生需要了解这些问题的原因和可能的解决方案。
Unit 3 - Personal Growth本单元主要介绍了个人成长与发展的重要性，以及如何制定合理的目标和计划来实现个人成长。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译在上流社会，对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样，是一种不可或缺的态度。
然而，既然从泰德?特纳到乔治?W.H.布什，每个人都声称自己热爱地球母亲，那么，在由议员、选民之类的人以环境名义而提出的众多的相互矛盾的提案、规章和法规中，我们又该如何做出选择呢？显而易见，并不是每一项冠以环境保护名义的事情都值得去做。
我们怎样才能分离出最佳选择，并且把我们各自不同的兴趣统一在同一个合理的政策当中呢？有一种简便的方法。
首先要区分什么是环境奢侈品，什么是环境必需品。
奢侈品是指那些无需人类付出代价就能拥有的给人美好感受的东西。
必需品则是指那些无论付出什么代价，都一定要去拥有的东西。
这一区分原则可以被称为理性环保主义的至高原则。
它规定，对那些直接威胁人类健康与安全的生态变化采取应对措施是环境保护的必需品，而其他则都属于奢侈品。
例如，保护大气层，阻止臭氧损耗及控制温室效应，是环境保护的必需品。
近来，科学家报告说臭氧层遭受破坏的程度远比我们先前认为的要严重得多。
臭氧损耗不仅与皮肤癌及眼疾有关，而且它还会破坏海洋生态。
而海洋生态是食物链的起点，人类则位于该食物链的顶端。
温室效应所可能引发的热效应是非常具有毁灭性的：冰川融化、海岸线被淹没、气候遭受破坏、平原干涸，最终食物消失殆尽。
美国中西部地区的粮食供养着全世界。
随着全球气候的变化，我们难道准备看到衣阿华州变成新墨西哥州的沙漠气候，而西伯利亚变成衣阿华州的温和气候吗？Ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect are human disasters, and they are urgent because they directly threaten humanity and are not easily reversible. A sane environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will strike a chord with the general public, begins by openly declaring that nature is here to serve human beings. A sane environmentalism is entirelya human focused regime: It calls upon humanity to preserve nature, but merely within the parameters of self-survival.当然，这种以人类为中心的主张与当下盛行的环保主义是格格不入的，后者已经沉溺于对地球的公然崇拜。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第四册课文及翻译
12456单元Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语4课文复述加翻译
新视野大学英语4课文复述加翻译Unit 1 The Tail of Fame.Fame, just as property, has attracted the attention of so many individuals, and they are so absorbed in it, that they aren't aware of the physical tiredness. Following fame provides people with faith as well as destruction. On the one hand, the desire to fame gives people the courage to make a full use of time, helps them live better. For instance, without the target for fame, Michael Jackson couldn't grow into a superstar. The desire to fame will always lead people to achieve their dreams. On the other hand, people can also be misled during following the fame. Many artists lose themselves in order to entertain the public. In the end, these tails will come to destruction even though they may manage to gain fame. On my perspective, it's not wrong to follow the fame, if only we can follow our heart. Only by doing in this way, can we not only get fame, but live better and happier.名誉，就像财产一样，吸引了许多人的注意，他们如此全神贯注于它，以至于他们没有意识到身体的疲劳。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译新整理
12456Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后,我和波莉有了第一次约会;那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克,而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的,他一想到这个就受不了,于是他和我达成了一项协议,用他的女友换取我的夹克;他可不那么聪明,而他的女友波莉也不太精明;But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有,也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆;她拥有合适的家庭背景,足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友;如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半,我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜;"Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken".“光彩照人”,她已经是了;而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”,让她变得“谈吐优雅”;After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about"she asked.在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后,我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下;我的想法有些怪异;而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区,我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松;我们呆在车子里,我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开;“我们要谈些什么”她问道;"Logic."“逻辑学;”"Cool," she said over her gum.“好酷啊,”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说;"The doctrine of logic,” I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter."“逻辑学的原理,”我说道,“即清晰思考的主要原则;逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实,其中有些还很普遍;我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误;”"Great,” she agreed.“好啊,”她表示同意;"Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore, everybody should exercise."“‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断;比方说：运动是有益的,所以每个人都应该运动;She nodded in agreement.她点头表示赞同;I could see she was stumped. "Polly," I explained, "it's too simple a generalization. If you have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people."我看得出她没弄明白;“波莉,”我解释说,“这个推断太过简单化了;如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的,运动就变得有害而不是有益;所以你应该说,运动对大多数人来说是有益的;”"Next is Hasty Generalization. Self-explanatory, right Listen carefully: You can't speak French. Rob can't speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speak French."“接下来是‘草率结论’;这似乎不言自明,对吧仔细听好了：你不会说法语,罗伯也不会说法语,那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语;”"Really" said Polly, amazed. "Nobody"“是吗”波莉吃惊地说;“没有人吗”"This is also a fallacy," I said. "The generalization is reached too hastily. Too few instances support such a conclusion."“这也是一种逻辑谬误,”我说,“这一结论太草率了,因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了;”She seemed to have a good time. I could safely say my plan was underway. I took her home and set a date for another conversation.她似乎学得很开心,而我也可以放心地说我的计划正在稳步推进中;我把她送回家,并且定下了下一次约会交谈的日子;Seated under the oak the next evening I said, "Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam."第二天晚上,坐在那棵橡树下,我说：“今天晚上我们要谈的第一个逻辑谬误叫‘文不对题’;”She nodded with delight.她高兴地点了点头;"Listen closely," I said. "A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he says he has six children to feed."“听好了,”我说,“有个人去申请工作,当老板问他有什么应聘资格时,他说他有六个孩子要抚养;”"Oh, this is awful, awful," she whispered in a choked voice.“哇,这太可怕了,太可怕了,”她哽咽着轻声说到;"Ye s, it’s awful," I agreed, "but it's no argument. The man never answered the boss's question. Instead he appealed to the boss's sympathy - Ad Misericordiam."“对,是挺可怕的,”我表示赞同地说,“但这不是理由;这个人根本没有回答老板的问题,而只是在博取老板的同情,这就是‘文不对题’;”She blinked, still trying hard to keep back her tears."她眨着眼睛,仍在竭力地忍住眼泪;Next," I said carefully, "we will discuss False Analogy. An example, students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during exams, because surgeons have X-rays to guide them during surgery.“接下来”,我小心地说,“我们来讨论‘错误类比’;举个例子：学生考试时应该允许看课本,因为外科医生在做手术时可以看 X 光片;”"I like that idea," she said.“我喜欢这个主意,”她说;"Polly," I groaned, "don't derail the discussion. The inference is wrong. Doctors aren't taking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations are altogether different. You can't make an analogy between them."“波莉,”我抱怨道,“别打岔,这一推论是错误的;医生们不是在参加考试以检查他们学到了多少,而学生却是;他们的情况完全不同,你不能将他们作类比;”"I still think it’s a good idea," said Polly.“我仍然认为这是一个好主意,”波莉说;With five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was an analytical thinker at last. The time had come for the conversion of our relationship from academic to romantic.经过五个夜晚的辛勤努力,我竟然真的将波莉打造成了一个逻辑行家,她总算能够分析思考了;现在应该是时候让我们的关系从学术向浪漫发展了;"Polly," I said when next we sat under our oak, "tonight we won't discuss fallacies."“波莉,”当我们又一次坐在那棵橡树下的时候我对她说,“今晚我们不讨论逻辑谬误了;”"Oh" she said, a little disappointed.“哦”她回答说,有一点失望;Favoring her with a grin, I said, "We have now spent five evenings together. We get along pretty well. We make a pretty good couple."我赞许地对她笑了笑,说：“我们在一起已经度过了五个晚上,相互之间挺合得来,我们是蛮相配的一对;”"Hasty Generalization," said Polly brightly. "Or as a normal person might say, that's a little premature, don't you think"“草率结论,”波莉伶俐地说,“或者是按一般人的说法,这个结论有些不成熟,你不这样认为吗”'I laughed with amusement. She'd learned her lessons well, far surpassing my expectations. "Sweetheart," I said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner, "five dates is plenty. After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good."我被逗得笑了起来,她功课还真学得不错,大大超过了我的预期;“亲爱的,”我开口说,同时宽容地拍了拍她的手,“五次约会已经够多了,毕竟你不需要吃掉整个蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃;”"False Analogy," said Polly promptly."Your premise is that dating is like eating. But you're not a cake. You're a boy."“错误类比,”波莉立即回应;“你的前提是约会就如同吃东西;可你不是蛋糕,你是个男孩;”I laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that she'd learned her lessons too few more false steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and try flattery instead.我又笑了笑,不过不觉得那么有趣了,同时还不能表露出我害怕她学得太好了;再错几步我可就无法挽回了;我决定改变策略,转而尝试奉承她的办法;"Polly, I love you. Please say you'll go out with me. I'm nothing without you."“波莉,我爱你;请答应做我的女朋友,没有你我什么也不是;”"Ad Misericordiam," she said.“文不对题,”她说;"You certainly can discern a fallacy when you see it," I said, my hopes starting to crumble."But don't take them so literally. I mean this is all academic. You know the things you learn in school don't have anything to do with real life."“你还真是能在遇到逻辑谬误时一一辨别它们了,”我说,心里的希望已经开始动摇;“不过不要对它们太死板,我是说这都是些学术的东西;你知道,学校里学的东西和实际生活根本没有什么联系;”"Dicto Simpliciter," she said. "Besides, you really should practice what you preach."“绝对判断,”她说道,“而且,你自己教的东西应该自己身体力行;”I leaped to my feet, my temper flaring up. "Will you or will you not go out with me"我一下跳了起来,怒火中烧,“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友”"No to your proposition," she replied.“我不愿意,”她答道;"Why" I demanded.“为什么”我追问道."I'm more interested in a different petitioner - Rob and I are back together.“我对另一位求爱者更感兴趣――罗伯和我重归于好了;”With great effort, I said calmly, "How could you give me the axe over Rob Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured at Rob,a muscular idiot,a guy who’ll never where his next meal is coming you give me one good reason why you should be with him ”我极力地保持着平静,说道：“你怎么会甩了我而选择罗伯看看我,一个聪明过人的学生,一个不同凡响的学者,一个前途无量的人;再看看罗伯,一个肌肉发达的蠢材,一个有了上顿没下顿的家伙;你是否能给我一个充足的理由,为什么要选择跟他””Wow, what presumption I’ll put it in a way someone as brilliant as you can understand,”retorted Polly,her voice dripping with sarcasm.””Full disclosure -I like Rob in told him to say yes to you so he should have your jacket”“喔,这是什么假设啊为了让像你这样聪明的人能够明白,我这么说吧,”波莉反驳道,声音里充满了讽刺,“事情的真相是——我喜欢罗伯穿皮衣;是我让他同意你们的协议的,这样他就能拥有你的夹克”Unit 2The confusing pursuit of beauty令人困惑的对美的追求If you're a man, at some point a woman will ask you how she looks.如果你是一位男士,肯定在某个时候会有女士问你她看起来怎么样;You must be careful how you answer this question. The best technique is to form an honest yet sensitive response, then promptly excuse yourself for some kind of emergency. Trust me, this is the easiest way out. No amount of rehearsal will help you come up with the right answer.对于如何应对这个问题,你一定得小心;最好的对策就是给一个诚实但又谨慎的回答,然后借口有急事马上脱身;相信我,这是最简单的方法;对于她的这一问题,无论你事先练习多少次,都不会找到正确答案;The problem is that men do not think of their looks in the same way women do. Most men form an opinion of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it for the rest of their lives. Some men think they're irresistibly desirable, and they refuse to change this opinion even when they grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age.其原因是,男性和女性对外表的看法截然不同;大多数男性对自己外表的评价在七年级时就形成了,而且终生不变;有些男性认为自己有不可抗拒的魅力,即使随着年龄的增长,他们头发掉光了,脸上布满皱纹,他们仍然拒绝改变这种看法;Most men, I believe, are not arrogant about their looks. If the transient thought passes through their minds at all, they like to think of themselves as average-looking. Being average doesn't bother them; average is fine. They don't affix much value to their looks, or think of them in terms of aesthetics. Their primary form of beauty care is to shave themselves, which is essentially the same care they give to their lawns. If, at the end of his four-minute allotment of time for grooming, a man has managed to wipe most of the shaving cream out of the strands of his hair and isn't bleeding too badly, he feels he's done all he can.我相信,大多数男性都不会对自己的相貌感到过分自傲;如果他们偶尔想到自己外表的话,他们愿意认为自己样貌中等;长相普通不会使他们有任何烦恼,因为普通就已经是很好了;男性不是特别注重自己的外貌,也不会从美学的角度去审视自己;他们的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子,就像打理自家草坪一样;对于一位男性来说,如果能花四分钟刮刮胡子,结束之后再把粘到头发上的剃须膏擦净,又没有出血太厉害,他就觉得自己已经尽心尽力了; Women do not look at themselves this way. If I had to guess what most women think about their appearance, it would be: "Not good enough." No matter how attractive a woman may be, her perception of herself is eclipsed by the beauty industry. She has trouble thinking I'm beautiful, She magnifies the smallest imperfections in her body and imagines them as glaring flaws the whole world will notice and ridicule.女性可不是这样看待自己的;如果非要我猜测大多数女性对自己的相貌是如何评价的话,那肯定是：“还不够好;”一位女士,无论她看起来多么吸引人,她对自己的看法总是由于受美容业的影响而蒙着一层阴影;要她认为“我很漂亮”是一件难事;她把身体上的极小的不完美之处加以放大,并且幻想这些缺点十分明显,以至于全世界的人都会注意到并且嘲笑她;Why do women consider their looks so deficient This chronic insecurity isn't inborn, but created through the interaction of many complex psychological and societal factors, beginning with the dolls we give them as children. Girls grow up playing with dolls proportioned so that, if they were human, they would be seven feet tall and weigh 61 pounds, with tiny thighs and a large upper body. This is an absurd standard to live up to, especially when you consider the size of the doll's waist, a relative measurement physically impossible for a living human to achieve. Contrast this absurd standard with that presented to little boys with their "action figures". Most of the toys that young boys have played with were weird-looking, like the one called Buzz-Off that was part human, part flying insect. This guy was not a looker, but he was still extremely self-confident. You could not imagine him saying to the others, "Is this accessory the right shade of violet for this outfit"为什么女性会把自己的外貌想得这么差呢这种长期的不安全感并不是与生倶来的,而是由许多复杂的心理和社会因素的相互作用造成的,从小时候大人们给她们买洋娃娃时就开始了;女孩成长过程中摆弄的洋娃娃,如果按照身材比例还原为真人大小的话,就会是 7 英尺高,61 英磅重,大腿纤细,上身丰满;要达到这样的标准是很荒唐的,尤其是当我们想想那种洋娃娃的腰围尺寸,就知道其相对尺寸对任何一个活人来说都是不可企及的;与女孩玩具的这种荒唐标准相比,小男孩们得到的“动作玩偶”却是完全不同的模样;大多数男孩的玩具都样貌古怪,例如那个叫作“蜜蜂侠”的玩偶,一半像人,一半像会飞的昆虫;这个玩偶尽管样子不好看,但仍然非常自信;你肯定无法想象他会问别人说：“这个配饰的紫罗兰色和这件外套配不配呢”But women grow up thinking they need to look like Barbie dolls or girls on magazine covers, which for most women is impossible. Nonetheless, the multibillion-dollar beauty industry, complete with its own aisle in the grocery store, is devoted to constant warfare on female self-esteem, convincing women that they must buy all the newest moisturizing creams, bronzing powders and appliances that promise to "stimulate and restore" their skin. I once saw an Oprah Show in which supermodel Cindy Crawford dispensed makeup tips to the studio audience. Cindy had all these middle-aged women apply clay masks and other "wrinkle-removing" products to their faces; she stressed how important it was to adhere to the guidelines, like applying products via the tips of their fingers to protect elasticity. All the women dutifully did this, even though it was obvious to any rational observer that, no matter how carefully they applied these products, they would never have Cindy Crawford's face or complexion.然而,女性在成长过程中却认为自己应该长得像芭比娃娃或杂志的封面女郎那样,这对大多数女性来说是不可能的;尽管如此,产值达几十亿美元的美容业,在超市化妆品销售专区的配合下,总是在不停地攻击着女性的自尊,使其相信自己只有购买最新的保湿面霜、古铜散粉,以及各种美容器具,才能“激发和恢复”肌肤活力;我曾经看过一期奥普拉脱口秀,在节目中,超级名模辛迪克劳馥和演播室里的观众分享了自己的化妆秘诀;辛迪要求这些中年妇女在脸上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皱产品；她还强调一定要遵守这些方法,例如：往脸上涂抹这些产品时,要用指尖,这样可以保护皮肤的弹性;所有这些妇女都非常忠实地按照辛迪说的做了;可是对任何一个理智的旁观者来说,无论她们如何认真地使用这些产品,她们都不可能拥有辛迪那样的面容或肤色;I'm not saying that men are superior. I'm just saying that you're not going to get a group of middle-aged men to plaster cosmetics to themselves under the instruction of Brad Pitt in hopes of looking more like him. Men don't face the same societal focus purely on physical beauty, and they're encouraged to reach out to other characteristics to promote their self-esteem. They might say to Brad: "Oh yeah Well, what do you know about lawn care, pretty boy"我并不是说男性优于女性;我的意思是你不可能让一群中年男子在布拉德皮特的指导下把化妆品敷到自己脸上,期望自己能看起来更像布拉德;与女性不同,男性的外貌美不是社会所关注的唯一焦点;人们会鼓励男性借助其他特征来提升自尊;他们也许会对布拉德说：“是吗那么帅哥,你对草坪维护又知道多少”Of course women argue that they become obsessed with appearance as a reaction to pressure from men. The truth is that most men think beauty is more than just lipstick and perfume and take no notice of these extra details. I have never once, in more than 40 years of listening to men talk about women, heard a man say, "She had gorgeous fingernails" To most men, little things like fingernails are all homogeneous anyway, and one woman's flawless pink polish is exactly as invisible as another's bare nails.当然,女性会争辩说她们对外表的热衷追求是出于对来自男性的压力的一种反应;而事实是,大多数男性认为美丽不仅仅来自于口红和香水,而且他们也不会去注意这些额外的细节;四十多年来,我在听男性谈论女性时,从来没有一次听到过哪位男性这样说：“她的指甲真漂亮啊”对大多数男性来说,像指甲这样小的东西看起来都一样,无论一个女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美无瑕,还是光光的毫无修饰,男性都一概视而不见;By participating in this system of extreme conformity, women are actually opening themselves up to the scrutiny of other women, the only ones qualified to judge their efforts. What is the real benefit of working this hard to appease men who don't notice when it only exposes women to prosecution from other women女性参与这种极端的从众行为,实际上是把自己置于其他女性的审视之下,因为只有那些女性才有资格评价她们所付出的努力;但是,如此费力地去取悦男性而他们却根本不会注意,同时又只是招致其他女性的指责,这样做究竟有什么好处呢Anyway, to get back to my original point: If you're a man, and a woman asks you how she looks, you can't say she looks bad without receiving immediate and well-deserved outrage. But you also can't shower her with empty compliments about how her shoes complement her dress nicely because she'll know you're lying. She has spent countless hours worrying about the differences between her looks and Cindy Crawford's. Also,she suspects that you're not qualified to voice a subjective opinion on anybody's appearance. This may be because you have shaving cream in your hair and inside the folds of your ears.不管怎样,言归正传：如果你是一位男性,当有女士问你她看起来怎么样时,你千万不能说她看起来很糟糕,那样肯定会使她立刻迁怒于你,这也是你咎由自取;但是,你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之词,赞美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配,因为她知道你是在说谎;她已经花费了无数个小时发愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪克劳馥的一样;而且,也许因为你的头发和耳廓上粘着剃须膏,她会怀疑你根本没有资格对任何人的外表给出主观评价;Unit 4Achieving sustainable environmentalism实现可持续性发展的环保主义Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery. But now that everyone from Ted Turner to George H. W. Bush has claimed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, regulations and laws advanced by congressmen and constituents alike in the name of the environment Clearly, not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How do we segregate the best options and consolidate our varying interests into a single, sound policy在上流社会,对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样,是一种不可或缺的态度;然而,既然从泰德特纳到乔治.布什,每个人都声称自己热爱地球母亲,那么,在由议员、选民之类的人以环境名义而提出的众多的相互矛盾的提案、规章和法规中,我们又该如何做出选择呢显而易见,并不是每一项冠以环境保护名义的事情都值得去做;我们怎样才能分离出最佳选择,并且把我们各自不同的兴趣统一在同一个合理的政策当中呢There is a simple way. First, differentiate between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Call this distinction the definitive rule of sane environmentalism, which stipulates that combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.有一种简便的方法;首先要区分什么是环境奢侈品,什么是环境必需品;奢侈品是指那些无需人类付出代价就能拥有的给人美好感受的东西;必需品则是指那些无论付出什么代价,都一定要去拥有的东西;这一区分原则可以被称为理性环保主义的至高原则;它规定,对那些直接威胁人类健康与安全的生态变化采取应对措施是环境保护的必需品,而其他则都属于奢侈品;For example, preserving the atmosphere - stopping ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect - is an environmental necessity. Recently, scientists reported that ozone damage is far worse than previously thought. Ozone depletion has a correlation not only with skin cancer and eye problems, it also destroys the ocean's ecology, the beginning of the food chain atop which we humans sit.例如,保护大气层——阻止臭氧损耗及控制温室效应——是环境保护的必需品;近来,科学家报告说臭氧层遭受破坏的程度远比我们先前认为的要严重得多;臭氧损耗不仅与皮肤癌及眼疾有关,而且它还会破坏海洋生态;而海洋生态是食物链的起点,人类则位于该食物链的顶端;The possible thermal consequences of the greenhouse effect are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disrupted climate, dry plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds people at all corners of the atlas. With the planetary climate changes, are we prepared to see Iowa take on New Mexico's desert climate, or Siberia take on Iowa's moderate climate温室效应所可能引发的热效应是非常具有毁灭性的：冰川融化、海岸线被淹没、气候遭受破坏、平原干涸,最终食物消失殆尽;美国中西部地区的粮食供养着全世界;随着全球气候的变化,我们难道准备看到衣阿华州变成新墨西哥州的沙漠气候,而西伯利亚变成衣阿华州的温和气候吗Ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect are human disasters, and they are urgent because they directly threaten humanity and are not easily reversible. A sane environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will strike a chord with the general public, begins by openly declaring that nature is here to serve human beings. A sane environmentalism is entirely a human focused regime: It calls upon humanity to preserve nature, but merely within the parameters of self-survival.臭氧损耗和温室效应是人类的灾难,而且是需要紧急处理的灾难,因为它们直接威胁到人类,且后果很难扭转;理性环保主义——唯一能够引起公众共鸣的环保主张——首先公开声明,自然是服务于人类的;理性环保主义是一种完全以人类为中心的思想;它号召人类保护自然,但是是在人类自我生存得到保证的前提之下;Of course, this human focus runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that indulges in overt earth worship. Some people even allege that the earth is a living organism. This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual. It is nothing more than sentimental. It takes, for example, a highly selective view of the kindness of nature, one that is incompatible with the reality of natural disasters. My nature worship stops with the twister that came through Kansas or the dreadful rains in Bangladesh that eradicated whole villages and left millions homeless.当然,这种以人类为中心的主张与当下盛行的环保主义是格格不入的,后者已经沉溺于对地球的公然崇拜;有的人甚至声称地球是一个活的生物体;这种环保主义喜欢把自己看作是神圣的,其实它只是感情用事而已;比如,在自然是否友善的问题上,当下的环保主义采取了高度选择性的片面的观点,而这种观点与自然造成的灾难这一现实是不相协调的;当龙卷风肆虐堪萨斯州,当瓢泼大雨袭击孟加拉国,毁灭了整座整座的村庄,使几百万人失去家园的时候,我对自然的崇拜便停止了;A non-sentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagoras's idea that "Man is the measure of all things." In establishing the sovereignty of man, such a principle helps us through the dense forest of environmental arguments. Take the current debate raging over oil drilling in a corner of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge ANWR. Environmentalist coalitions, mobilizing against a legislative action working its way through the US Congress for the legalization of such exploration, propagate that Americans should be preserving and economizing energy instead of drilling for it. This is a false either-or proposition. The US does need a sizable energy tax to reduce consumption. But it needs more production too. Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-fifty chance that under the ANWR rests one of the five largest oil fields ever discovered in America. It seems illogical that we are not finding safe ways to drill for oil in the ANWR.非感情用事的环保主义是建立在普罗泰哥拉的格言“人是万物的尺度”的基础上的;在建立人类权威的过程中,这条原则会帮助我们梳理各种错综复杂的关于环境保护的争议;就以当前关于是否在北极国家野生动物保护区的某一角落开采石油的激烈争论为例吧;环保主义者联盟动员人们反对目前正在试图通过美国国会审议、使这一开采行为变得合法化的一项立法行动;他们散布说美国应该保护并且节约能源而不是开采能源;这其实是一个错误的非此即彼的主张;美国确实需要征收高额的能源税以减少能源消耗,但同时也需要生产更多的能源;政府的估测表明,在北极国家野生动物保护区的地下蕴藏着美国五大油田之一的可能性几乎到达 50%;我们没有寻找安全的方法开采北极国家野生动物保护区地下的石油,这看上去是不符合情理的;The US has just come through a war fought in part over oil. Energy dependence costs Americans not just dollars but lives. It is a bizarre sentimentalism that would deny oil that is peacefully attainable because it risks disrupting the birthing grounds of Arctic caribou.美国刚刚经历了一场战争,其部分原因就是为了获取石油;对能源的依赖使美国不但付出了金钱的代价,而且也付出了生命的代价;就因为可能破坏北美驯鹿的繁衍地而放弃能够以和平手段获得的石油,这是一种十分怪异的感情用事;I like the caribou as much as the next person. And I would be rather sorry if their mating patterns were disturbed. But you can't have your cake and eat it too. And in the standoff of the welfare of caribou versus reducing an oil reliance that gets people killed in wars, I choose people over caribou every time.我像别人一样喜欢驯鹿;如果他们的交配模式受到干扰,我会感到非常遗憾;但是,鱼和熊掌不能兼得;是要保护驯鹿,还是要为了避免人们在战争中丧生而减少对石油的依赖,面对这一僵局,我每次都会选择人类而不是驯鹿;I feel similarly about the spotted owl in Oregon. I am no enemy of the owl. If it could be preserved at a negligible cost, I would agree that it should be - biodiversity is after all necessary to the ecosystem. But we must remember that not every species is needed to keep that diversity. Sometimes aesthetic aspects of life have to be sacrificed to more fundamental ones. If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, I choose the families with their saws and chopped timber over the owl.我对俄勒冈州的斑点猫头鹰的态度也是一样;我绝不是仇视猫头鹰;如果花很少的代价就可以保护猫头鹰,我会赞同它应受保护——毕竟,生物多样性对生态系统是非常必要的;但是,我们必须记住,保持生物多样性并不意味着要留住每一种物种;有时候,为了更加根本的利益,我们不得不牺牲一部分生活中美的东西;如果为了保护斑点猫头鹰而让三万伐木工家庭失去生计,我会选择伐木工家庭包括他们的锯子和砍伐的木材,而不是猫头鹰;The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundamental and those that are not. Nature is our ward, not our master. It is to be respected and even cultivated. But when humans have to choose between their own well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate.重要的是,我们要区分哪些东西对环境保护是根本性的,哪些是非根本性的;自然受我们的监护,而不是我们的主人;我们应该尊重自然,也可以开发利用自然;但是,如果人类必须在自身的福利和自然的福利之间作出选择,自然则必须作出让步;Humanity should accommodate only when its fate and that of nature are inseparably bound up. The most urgent maneuver must be undertaken when the very integrity of humanity's habitat, ., the atmosphere or the essential geology that sustains the core of the earth, is threatened. When the threat to humanity is lower in the hierarchy of necessity, a more modest accommodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order. But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environment - because it is humanity's environment.只有当人类的命运与自然的命运密不可分时,人类才应该作出让步;当人类栖息地的完整性比如大气层或维持地球核心的基本地质状况受到威胁时,人类就必须立即调整自己的行为;而当人类受到的威胁不大,不太需要对自己的行为进行调整时,恰当的做法是平衡考虑经济方面和与之相对的健康方面的因素,以便作出适度的调整;但是,无论是哪种情况,其遵循的原则是一致的：保护环境,因为这是我们人类的环境;。
新视野大学英语4：Unit4TextA（课文+译文）
新视野⼤学英语4：Unit4 TextA（课⽂+译⽂） 新视野⼤学英语都讲哪些知识吗?你对新视野⼤学英语了解吗?下⾯是yjbys店铺为⼤家带来的新视野⼤学英语4：Unit4 TextA(课⽂+译⽂)，欢迎阅读。
新视野⼤学英语4：Unit4 TextA(课⽂+译⽂) 1.Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery. But now that everyone from Ted Turner to George H. W. Bush has claimed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, regulations and laws advanced by congressmen and constituents alike in the name of the environment? Clearly, not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How do we segregate the best options and consolidate our varying interests into a single, sound policy? 1.在上流社会，对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容⼀样，是⼀种不可或缺的态度。
然⽽，既然从泰德•特纳到乔治•W.H.布什，每个⼈都声称⾃⼰热爱地球母亲，那么，在由议员、选民之类的⼈以环境名义⽽提出的众多的相互⽭盾的提案、规章和法规中，我们⼜该如何做出选择呢?显⽽易见，并不是每⼀项冠以环境保护名义的事情都值得去做。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第四册课文及翻译
Love and logic: The story of fallacyI had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either. But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition. "Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken".After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked.爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
新视野大学英语4课文复述加翻译备课讲稿
新视野大学英语4课文复述加翻译Unit 1 The Tail of Fame.Fame, just as property, has attracted the attention of so many individuals, and they are so absorbed in it, that they aren't aware of the physical tiredness. Following fame provides people with faith as well as destruction. On the one hand, the desire to fame gives people the courage to make a full use of time, helps them live better. For instance, without the target for fame, Michael Jackson couldn't grow into a superstar. The desire to fame will always lead people to achieve their dreams. On the other hand, people can also be misled during following the fame. Many artists lose themselves in order to entertain the public. In the end, these tails will come to destruction even though they may manage to gain fame. On my perspective, it's not wrong to follow the fame, if only we can followour heart. Only by doing in this way, can we not only get fame, but live better and happier.名誉，就像财产一样，吸引了许多人的注意，他们如此全神贯注于它，以至于他们没有意识到身体的疲劳。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
12456Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语4课文段落大意
新视野大学英语4课文段落大意《新视野大学英语》为培养学生的人文精神和健全人格提供了丰富的素材。
下面是店铺带来的新视野大学英语4课文段落大意，欢迎阅读!新视野大学英语4课文段落大意精选Unit 1Section A艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢!”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
新视野大学英语第四册课文及译文整理!
正副课文的词汇写作的题目与5，6，10单元正副课文有关10空15个选项的与5,6,10的A篇有关词汇选择和翻译句子与正课文有关Unit 5Section A Choose to be alone on purposeHere we are, all by ourselves, all 22 million of us by recent count, alone in our rooms, some of us liking it that way and some of us not. Some of us divorced, some widowed, some never yet committed.Loneliness may be a sort of national disease here, and it's more embarrassing for us to admit than any other sin. On the other hand, to be alone on purpose, having rejected company rather than been cast out by it, is one characteristic of an American hero. The solitary hunter or explorer needs no one as they venture out among the deer and wolves to tame the great wild areas. Thoreau, alone in his cabin on the pond, his back deliberately turned to the town. Now, that's character for you. Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets and philosophers. They're all for it. They all speak highly of themselves for seeking it out, at least for an hour or even two before they hurry home for tea.Consider Dorothy Wordsworth, for instance, helping her brother William put on his coat, finding his notebook and pencil for him, and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself. “How graceful, how benign, is soli tude,” he wrote.No doubt about it, solitude is improved by being voluntary.Look at Milton's daughters arranging his cushions and blankets before they silently creep away, so he can create poetry. Then, rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictates.You may have noticed that most of these artistic types went outdoors to be alone. The indoors was full of loved ones keeping the kettle warm till they came home.The American high priest of solitude was Thoreau. We admire him, not for his self-reliance, but because he was all by himself out there at Walden Pond, and he wanted to be. All alone in the woods.Actually, he lived a mile, or 20 minutes' walk, from his nearest neighbor; half a mile from the railroad; three hundred yards from a busy road. He had company in and out of the hut all day, asking him how he could possibly be so noble. Apparently themain point of his nobility was that he had neither wife nor servants, used his own axe to chop his own wood, and washed his own cups and saucers. I don't know who did his laundry; he doesn't say, but he certainly doesn't mention doing his own, either. Listen to him: “I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.”Thoreau had his own self-importance for company. Perhaps there's a message here. The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate company.If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be refreshing. Solitude will end on Thursday. If today I use a singular personal pronoun to refer to myself, next week I will use the plural form. While the others are absent you can stretch out your soul until it fills up the whole room, and use your freedom, coming and going as you please without apology, staying up late to read, soaking in the bath, eating a whole pint of ice cream at one sitting, moving at your own pace. Those absent will be back. Their waterproof winter coats are in the closet and the dog keeps watching for them at the window. But when you live alone, the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum; they may never come back.The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but the need to talk goes on forever. It's more basic than needing to listen. Oh, we all have friends we can tell important things to, people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke our arm. It's the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us. We can't really call a friend to say we got a parcel from our sister, or it's getting dark earlier now, or we don't trust that new Supreme Court justice.Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at length to ourselves and our pets and the television. We ask the cat whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress. We ask the parrot if we should prepare steak, or noodles for dinner. We argue with ourselves over who is the greater sportsman: that figure skater or this skier. There's nothing wrong with this. It's good for us, and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in front of us in line at the market who's telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday, and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate, which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix, though she never drinks it herself.It's important to stay rational.It's important to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable, at least temporarily, and find some grace and pleasure in our condition, not like a self-centered British poet but like a patient princess sealed up in a tower, waiting for the happy ending to our fairy tale.After all, here we are. It may not be where we expected to be, but for the time being we might as well call it home. Anyway, there is no place like home.翻译：有意选择独处事实如此，我们孤独无伴地生活着。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
12456Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译《新视野大学英语》是一套广泛应用于大学英语教学的教材，其第三版第四册包含了丰富多样的课文内容，涵盖了各个领域和主题，对于提升学生的英语综合能力具有重要意义。
在这一册的课文中，我们可以看到不同文体和风格的文章。
有富有哲理的议论文，通过深入的分析和论证，引导学生思考人生、社会等重大议题；有生动有趣的记叙文，以精彩的故事和细腻的描写吸引着读者的目光；还有严谨准确的说明文，向我们清晰地介绍各种知识和现象。
比如，有一篇关于环境保护的课文。
它深刻地指出了当前环境面临的严峻挑战，如气候变化、资源短缺、生物多样性减少等。
文中运用了大量的数据和实例，让我们清晰地认识到环境问题的紧迫性。
同时，作者也提出了一些可行的解决方案，呼吁人们采取行动，共同保护我们的地球家园。
这篇课文不仅让我们学到了相关的英语表达，更重要的是增强了我们的环保意识。
还有一篇讲述文化差异的文章。
通过对比不同国家的文化习俗、价值观念和社会行为，让我们明白了文化多样性的重要性。
在全球化的时代，理解和尊重不同文化是促进交流与合作的关键。
这篇课文帮助我们拓宽了视野，培养了跨文化交际的能力。
对于课文的翻译，它是我们理解原文的重要辅助工具。
翻译工作需要准确传达原文的意思，同时要符合中文的表达习惯。
在翻译过程中，译者需要对英语的语法、词汇有深入的理解，还要对中英两种语言的文化背景有充分的认识。
例如，在一些涉及到专业术语的课文中，翻译需要做到准确无误，让读者能够明白这些术语的含义。
而在一些富有情感和意境的描写中，翻译则要尽力传达出原文的韵味和美感。
另外，对于一些长难句的翻译，更是考验译者的能力。
需要理清句子的结构，合理调整语序，使翻译后的句子通顺易懂。
总的来说，新视野大学英语第三版第四册的课文及翻译为我们提供了丰富的学习资源。
通过学习这些课文，我们不仅能够提高英语语言技能，还能增长知识、拓宽视野。
在学习过程中，我们要认真阅读原文，理解其中的含义，同时参考翻译，加深对知识点的掌握。
新视野大学英语4课文总结
新视野大学英语4课文总结《新视野大学英语》是一套为大学生编写的英语教材，其中的第四册是针对大学生的英语学习而编写的。
本册教材包含了丰富多彩的课文内容，涵盖了各种主题和体裁，让学生在阅读中不仅能够提高英语水平，还能够了解世界各地的文化和风土人情。
在这些课文中，我们可以感受到作者对生活的热爱和对人性的关怀，同时也能够学习到丰富的词汇和语法知识。
下面就让我们来对《新视野大学英语4》的课文进行总结和回顾。
首先，本册教材的第一部分是关于“大学生活”的，这部分课文主要讲述了大学生活的点点滴滴，包括学习、生活、情感等方面。
通过这些课文，我们可以感受到作者对大学生活的理解和关怀，也可以学到一些关于大学生活的词汇和表达方式。
其次，本册教材的第二部分是关于“社会热点”的，这部分课文主要讲述了一些社会上的热点问题，比如环境污染、食品安全、社会公平等。
通过这些课文，我们可以了解到社会上的一些问题，也可以学到一些关于社会热点问题的词汇和表达方式。
再次，本册教材的第三部分是关于“文化传承”的，这部分课文主要讲述了各种不同的文化和传统，包括中国文化、西方文化、民间传说等。
通过这些课文，我们可以了解到世界上不同的文化和传统，也可以学到一些关于文化传承的词汇和表达方式。
最后，本册教材的第四部分是关于“人生哲理”的，这部分课文主要讲述了一些关于人生的哲理和道理，比如友情、爱情、人生态度等。
通过这些课文，我们可以学到一些关于人生哲理的道理，也可以学到一些关于人生哲理的词汇和表达方式。
总的来说，《新视野大学英语4》的课文内容丰富多彩，涵盖了各种不同的主题和体裁，让我们在阅读中不仅能够提高英语水平，还能够了解世界各地的文化和风土人情。
通过对这些课文的总结和回顾，我们可以更好地理解和掌握这些课文的内容和精神内涵，也可以更好地提高自己的英语水平。
希望大家在学习英语的过程中能够多多阅读这些课文，从中受益匪浅。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译在大学英语的学习过程中，新视野大学英语第三版第四册无疑是一本具有重要意义的教材。
它涵盖了丰富多样的主题，从社会现象到人文艺术，从科技发展到个人成长，为我们展现了一个广阔的知识天地。
其中的课文选材精良，语言地道。
比如《The confusing pursuit of beauty》这篇课文，探讨了人们对于美的追求这一复杂的现象。
文章通过列举各种例子，如整容手术的流行、时尚行业对于身材的标准设定等，揭示了人们在追求美的过程中所面临的困惑和压力。
作者深刻地指出，美不应被单一的标准所定义，每个人都有自己独特的美。
在翻译这篇课文时，需要准确把握作者的意图，将其中的逻辑关系和深层次的思考清晰地传达给读者。
比如，“The contemporary phenomenon of car and the difficulty of defining real beauty have both had a significant impact on people's lives and selfperception” 这句话翻译为“当代社会中对于美的困惑以及难以定义真正的美这一现象，都对人们的生活和自我认知产生了重大影响。
” 翻译不仅要准确，还要符合中文的表达习惯，让读者能够顺畅地理解。
再看《A Virtual Life》这篇课文，它讲述了在虚拟世界中生活所带来的影响。
随着科技的飞速发展，人们越来越沉浸于网络所构建的虚拟世界中，然而这种虚拟生活却让人们在现实世界中变得愈发孤独和疏离。
课文中的句子“She spends countless hours talking on the Internet, but rarely does she talk to her neighbors across the street” 翻译为“她花无数个小时在网上聊天，但却很少和街对面的邻居说话。
新视野第四册第六单元课文详解
Answers
Structure of Text
bribery n./bribe v.n.
Bribery n. 贿赂；受贿；行贿
例：He was jailed on charges of bribery. 他因贿赂指控被监禁。
Bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries, and even away of life for centuries. I fan official clearly tells that if you offer him a substanti bribe, you’ll easily get an import license and avoid “procedure delays”, do you pay up or stand by your principles? Bribery and other questionable payments indeed have become a fact of commercial life. We divide these payments into three broad categories. The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts. The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project, to speed up the wheel government.
新视野大学英语第四册第三版课文及翻译
—－可编辑修改，可打印——别找了你想要的都有！精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务——全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式Unit 8A turning point of my life我人生的转折点I wasn't yet 30 years old and was working as a firefighter in New York City, in a firehouse completely swamped with calls. In the rare moments when we weren't busy, I would make calls on our cordless phone handset or rush to our office to read Captain Gray's subscription of the Sunday New York Times. Late one afternoon when I finally read the Book Review section, my blood began to boil. An article stated a thesis I took to be an offensive insult: William Butler Yeats, the Nobel Prize-winning light of the Irish Literary Renaissance, had risen above his Irishness and was now a universal poet. I grew indignant suddenly, and a deep-seated passion within me was activated.我那时还不到30 岁，是纽约市的一名消防员，我工作的消防站总是不断有求助电话进来。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译
—－可编辑修改，可打印——别找了你想要的都有！精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务——全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。
如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。
“光彩照人”，她已经是了。
而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。
在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。
我的想法有些怪异。
而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。
我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。
“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。
“逻辑学。
”“好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。
“逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。
逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。
我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。
”“好啊，”她表示同意。
“‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。
比方说：运动是有益的，所以每个人都应该运动。
她点头表示赞同。
我看得出她没弄明白。
“波莉，”我解释说，“这个推断太过简单化了。
如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。
所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。
”“接下来是‘草率结论’。
这似乎不言自明，对吧？仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯也不会说法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。
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董银华老师您好，我是李航，先去因请假去就医而未曾赶上检查，现在补上缺少的18篇总结···先前写过了些但是不见了而已。
还有之前有12篇听力希望老师能给予我一定的分数。
加上快速阅读4个单元。
谢谢老师！2AChaplin a famous comedian in 20 centry was born in a poor area of South London and died on Christmas Day 1977. His childhood is not better than others with a mom who temporarily declared mad.However ,childhood experience can not cut his road of famous in comedy where people give him applause ,though the English middle-class audiences show scorn.He has a gift in the stage ,the place he play and create,which help him gain the fame and fortune .Love ? He want it but have been hurt .Fortunately , he finally find his true love and married .3AThis article use author experience to show “A welfare client is supposed to cheat”is not true .Author choose be frankly with life with no lie for “money” while have good politeness when treating the caseworkers . The caseworker ask some questions ,which is their business ,make he feel uncomfortable .When the welfare knows he is making a living by drawing comic ,they try to figure out every money he get or pay.He want to get rid of this embarrassed situation and a chance that he can sit on the governor's committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients make him thought to change this kind of welfare’s system.4AA diameter of less than half a millimeter of fiber optic cable may greatly boost living standards in the developing world ,cause it can carrying more information .In today’s world ,an advanced communications as a way to leap over whole stages of economic development is a common idea in each developing country. There is no doubt that the c ommunication technology will be the key factors to distinguish the winning or losing in national competition.And someday ,once the developing world make it,it would change their standing in the national ,even can compete USA and Europe in the information superhighway.5ALonely , whether people like it or not , it there.if you says American hero has something special than others , it’s possibly is lonely .Lonely is a miraculous thing for artist ,cause they have more time to though the special atmosphere around him .People admire Thoreau for him live alone with noneighbor ,no traffic ,no wife .He live for himself which enlightenment us that the stronger the ego, the more don't need other people around and the more we feel humble, the more suffer from lonely, feeling only get along with yourself is far from enough.People need friends even lonely is sounds amazing.6AThis article is talk about bribe which separated tree types by author . One is for a big project or the political goal .And another one is aimed at p rompting the government to speed up for some of the formal approval of the project .The last one just connect the most important role in this game .Bribe is not a good name ,so people hope to find a way to make this kind of situation change.Although the ICC set up a new rule which design for this , different country have different view in carry out this rule .For today’s world ,there a reporter says it’s no one out of the net weaved by bribe and is also a true that no one can ensure they are clean .7AThe History and Geography of Human Genes although is not a top-selling book ,but the author’s research shows that there are no reason to discriminate people by color.Luca Cavalli-Sforza,this book’s author,work with his team in 16 years to create nothing less than the first genetic map of the world and the information is from human’s blood.It’s not easy to collect human’s blood ,particularly from ancient populations in remote areas,but when they solve it they use the rustle to plant a amazing picture as it cover.With this map ,we can confirm that human all come from Africa and solve the problem which makes scientist confuse .Beside , it also do a great contribution in medical industry where they hope use it to do something good for human .8AAuthor talk the experience she go through which he can’t forget .Before 13 ,she can’t feel anything what his color bring for him while he be friendly with the white people .Unfortunately,at her age 13,there something happen in her family which make she be sent to the school where she start know what her color bring to herself.She don’t be shame by the true that she is black but also use the wisdom of the eye to treat the reality.She thought there no way to make people difference and the color just color ,not something big deal that make you lowly.And this is the author’s beautiful .9AThe Disney organization will face the problem which need court to judge that is their company’s rule breaking the law.The culture’s problem make they embarrassed and the theme park,the new one will be build, which make up with 12000 people would face it.For the economic improvement ,France government put their culture lower with the anxious of foreign culturalinvasion.If this one project get an amazing number of income it would mean a lot to Disney and France government.However, to the part of culture ,Disney would do something to close to Europe’s culture that beard not in this line.Also,the Disney have thought about the benefit traffic can make they gain more .10AIt’s important to increase the ability of using your brain than how intelligent you are.Now ,people know that EQ is the way to make you use your IQ better ,but how to increase your EQ ?Tinking!Tinking more ,like the thing around you and make thing clear which help you improve you attention .What more think agin and agin will bring the positive reaction to you ,make you can think thing in different way .Imagine the thing and use to know it and the think is a good way to increase your EQ.We can’t find any two people with the same thought by one thing and do the thing like upon mentions ,you would find different think in one thing or others .2BAgatha Muthoni Mbogo,24 years old women,did a revolutionary thing that run for the mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won it.May be it not a big deal in other country ,but in the place like Kenya where the man control the most power ,it not a easy thing to make a women won the election.Agatha Muthoni Mbogo started her road of being a politician in the 1992 with a lot of problem in the way ,like the people lack of the idea in election which may be vote someone just for a bread.However, before Agatha Muthoni Mbogo,there also have women e ngaged in political activities which the leader afraid of losing there power and forbidden women do it.At the situation,Agatha Muthoni Mbogo try to run for the mayor and won with a lot of man stand by her which change their world.3BThe company I work give me a mission when I with a huge paper need to finish make me angry ,but the reality make me need to done the work they arranged.And is also the trip for business help me to see a new world by a blind man I meeting in a show.The blind men after the talking in the show ask me to use words to show what I saw .It’s a amazing thing and it make both of us happy .What more I help him to feel the golden nails in the young performer.Although he said I did great thing for him ,I thought I’m the one benefit more.4BYou can did a lot of thing that you want to do but haven’t done under the help of the information superhighway.Although we all talk about it,no one can make a exact definition what the information superhighway is.But people more care about the benefit would everyone can enjoy or just the rich.Then the company work on this have make a declaration that it would be used foreverybody but the rich would be benefit first.As this world developing , people would enjoy more from this but it also need taking the specific rule to work on.5BIt’s easy happen conflict when people need to live in the same room ,but we can do something to make it solved.We need to learn how to endure than show your angry to others ,because everyone know that angry may cause violent which can figure problem even make it complex.You also can try to make some rule that everybody agree and all to observe it.And there a lot of question that people discuss about this ,like it better put the different people to live together or just put the people with the same hobby together.It’s not easy to judge good or bad ,but just need people live in that environment and find a good way to adapt it.6BThe gun in the police’s hand is a dangerous thing for people?The English people have been discuss for a long time but with the police suffer from the violence more and more ,people have doubt about this .Although police would face the dangerous without gun ,police station also forbidden increase the number of police with gun .They make their clubs longer than before and have the access to knife-resistant coats and gloves.May be the next step is to agree the test pepper spray ,but what people wants is more police instead of the police with longer and longer clubs.In fact,the problem that police face is not they can’t have a powerful weapon but the police can’t go the rounds with more other works.7BGenius needs their parents inspire when they are young ,cause god can’t make people become genius .A professor says the pressure by parents would make their child hard to do a great work while the genius parents giving stimulating . There are two kind of education style,one is supportive and one is stimulating.And make child become a genius have another key is communication between child and parents.In the talk, you can find what they need and can give they the correct idea .Maybe genes make people different ,but to be a genius is not just a competition for whose genes is better but also a game to text have the environment had give a better resource or not.8BPeople hope to keep young ever and women shows a hight desire on it with the believe of it so make beauty industry easy to work on in the past.However,the salesman wear as profession and use hight technique advertisement is really good for us?A lot of people have thought about it and a doctor who study on it doubt it useless while people still pay a expensive price for the product.Regrettably the beauty make experience and other thing being useless ,so the women would feel be threaten by being old while man be worth more when they are on the way of age.9BThe Euro Disney company had to admit that what they well-design new theme park can’t not give back what they wants.The new park is hope to be a small surplus when the September over ,but there are some problem make it can’t go as they wish.Although the manager people said the consumer is huge but it need time to change the loss.In the stock market ,the price change fast make Mr. Forsgren said it emotions.Paribas Capital Markets Group also use it way to show they don’t look good of it and preview that would be loss more than 300million in this years end,what more will be this situation more than 2 years.All this problem is come from the cost ,so they have take some way to control it but they won’t know how visitor would can reception.The gate of the new park would open in the cold winter what the other park haven’t done before.10BA text that how a kid ,4 years old ,deal with a candy can help scientist predict their future which the researcher will see how they perform in the high school .When we talk about talent we would associate the crazy scientist ,Einstein ,and in people’s mind if someone with a gift how can they become normal.So scientist start the text to figure out how it happen and why the E Q is most important than IQ.EQ have been talking and people start find it amazing that IQ is under the control of EQ.People deal different thing with different emotion shows how they use their IQ is what EQ is .EQ may not equal to the IQ,but when you use it ,it about to take 80% job when you success.。