4b.DE34 Units
计算机硬件英汉对照
A/D--> 模拟/数据Address bus--> 地址总线ALT=Alternate--> 转换键/更改/更动ALT=Alteration Switch--> 转换开关AMD=Advanced Micro Devices Inc. --> 高级微设备公司AMI=American Megatrends Inc. --> 美国米格特雷德公司AGP=Accelerated Graphics Port --> 图形加速端口API=Application Program Interface --> 应用程序接口APM=Advanced Power Driver --> 高级动力驱动器ASCII=American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换用标准码BIN --> 收集器/二进制BIOS=Basic Input/Output System --> 基本输入输出系统Bit --> 位Block --> 模块BS=Backspace --> 退格键Cache --> 高速缓存CD=Compact Disc --> 致密盘，光盘CGA=Colour Graphic Adapter --> 彩色图形显示器CHCP=Display The Active Code Page Number --> 显示活动模式页码数Chips --> 芯片Clock Freq 时钟频率CMOS=Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor --> 互补型金属氧化物半导体CN=Connector --> 连接器Columns --> 列Com=Concatenation of Merge Way--> 串行口Control lines --> 控制线Controller --> 控制器Copyright --> 版权CPU=Central Processing Unit --> 中央处理器CRT=Circuits --> 电路CRT=Cathode Ray Tube --> 阴极射线管CTRL=Control --> 控制/控制键Cylinder --> 磁柱面Cyrix--->西列克斯公司DAta Bus --->数据总线Daughterboard--->子板3 -Ds= 3-Dimension studio --->三维绘图工作室DEL=Delete --->删除键DHCP=Dynamic Handle Configrue Processor--->动态配置处理器DM=Disk Manager --->磁盘管理器DMA=Direct Memory Access --->存储器直接存取（访问）DOT=Device Operating Terminal--->设备操作终端DPMI=Data Processing Memory Information--->数据处理内存信息DRAM=Dynamic Random-Access Memory--->动态随机存储器DRV=Drive --->驱动器DSP=Digital Signal Processor --->数字信号处理器EGA=Enhanced Graphic Adapter--->增强型图形显示器EMM=Expanded Memory Management--->扩展内存管理EMS=Expanded Memory System --->扩展内存系统EMS=Expanded Memory Specification --->扩展内存规范Encoded Keyboard --->编码键盘EROM=Erasable Read Only Memory--->可擦除只读存储器ESC=Escape --->退出键/退出系统ESDI=Enhanced Small Device Interface--->增强型小型设备界面（接口）FDD=Floppy Disk Drive --->软驱FPU=Floating Point Unit --->浮点处理器（数学协处理器）GB=Gigabyte --->千兆字节Gold Finger--->金插脚HDD=Hard Disk Light-emitting diode--->硬盘指示灯（发光二极管）Head--->磁头HPM=Hyper-Page-Mode--->超页模式IBM=International Business Machines Corporation--->国际商业机器公司ID=Identifier--->标识符ID=Inside Diameter--->内径IDE=Insede Diameter Enhanced--->内部直径增强接口INS=Insert--->插入行/插入键Intel--->英特尔公司Interleave--->交叉（存取）因子Intersections--->内部结点I/O=Input/Output---->输入输出IRC=Interrupt Controller--->中断控制IRQ=Interrupt Require --->中断请求Joysticks--->操纵杆JP(Jumper)--->跳线JCP=Jumper Channel Port--->跳通道线端KB=Kilobytes--->千字节KB=Keyboard--->键盘Land Zone Cylinder--->焊盘存储区磁柱面LASER=Light Amplification By Stimulation Emission Of Eadiation--->激光/镭射LPT=Line Parrallel Tandem--->并行口Mainboard--->主板MAP=Microprocessor Application Project--->微处理机应用计划Master Clock--->主时钟MCI=Media Control Interface--->媒体控制接口MIDI=Musecal Instrument Digital Interface--->乐器数字接口Modem=Modulator and Demodulator--->调制解调器Motherboard--->母板MPU=Micro-Processor(Processing) Unit--->微处理器MS=Microsoft---->微软MS=Memory System/Main Storage--->内存/主存NMOS=Negative Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor--->阴极金属氧化物半导体NT=New Technology--->新技术NTAS=New Technology Advanced Server--->新技术超级服务器NTFS=New Technology File System--->新科技文件系统PC=Private Compatible Machine--->个人兼容机PCI=Peripheral Component Interconnect--->外围元件互连PDI=Program Device Information--->程序设备信息PDQ=Parrallel Data Query--->并行数据查询Peripherals--->外设PgDn=Page Down--->向下翻页PgUp=Page Up--->向上翻页Pins--->插脚PMOS=Positive Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor--->阳极金属氧化物半导体Power--->电源Precompensation Cylinder--->预补偿磁柱面Printer--->打印机/打印PROM=Programmable Read Only Memory--->可编程序只读存储器RAM=Random-Access Memory--->随机存储器/内存RBS=Remote Boot Service--->远程引导（启动）服务Regulator--->调整器Reset--->复位/复位键REV.=Revision--->版本号RISC=Reduced Instruction Set Computer--->精减指令集计算机系统ROM=Read Only Memory--->只读存储器Rows--->行RTC=Real Time Clock--->实时钟SB=Sound Blaster--->有声装置/声卡SCSI=Small Computer System Interface--->小型计算机系统界面（接口）Sector--->扇区Selector--->选择器SFT=Shifter--->换档键SIMM（Single-In-Line Memory Modules）--->单列直插式内存模块SL=Slot--->插槽SMM(System Management Mode)--->系统管理模式SPK=Speaker--->喇叭SRAM(System Random Access Memory)--->系统随机访问存储器SW=Switch--->开关SYS=System--->系统Tag RAM--->标记随机存储器TM=Trade Mark--->商标Track--->磁道UPS=Uninterruptible Power System--->连续供电电源系统UPS=Uninterruptible Power Supply--->不间断供电电源VB=Vision Blaster--->视霸卡VCC=Volt Current Condenser--->电源电位Video Display Generator--->视频显示器VGA=Video Graphic Adapter--->视频图形显示器计算机常用英语术语、词汇表Computer Vocabulary In Common Use一、硬件类(Hardware)二、软件类(Software)三、网络类(Network)四、其它CPU(Center Processor Unit)中央处理单元mainboard主板RAM(random accessmemory)随机存储器(内存)ROM(Read Only Memory)只读存储器Floppy Disk软盘Hard Disk硬盘CD-ROM光盘驱动器(光驱)monitor监视器keyboard键盘mouse鼠标chip芯片CD-R光盘刻录机HUB集线器Modem= MOdulator-DEModulator,调制解调器P-P(Plug and Play)即插即用UPS(Uninterruptable Power Supply)不间断电源BIOS(Basic-input-OutputSystem)基本输入输出系统CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)互补金属氧化物半导体setup安装uninstall卸载wizzard向导OS(Operation Systrem)操作系统OA(Office AutoMation)办公自动化exit退出edit编辑copy复制cut剪切paste粘贴delete删除select选择find查找select all全选replace替换undo撤消redo重做program程序license许可(证)back前一步next下一步finish结束folder文件夹Destination Folder目的文件夹user用户click点击double click双击right click右击settings设置update更新release发布data数据data base数据库DBMS(Data Base ManegeSystem)数据库管理系统view视图insert插入object对象configuration配置command命令document文档POST(power-on-self-test)电源自检程序cursor光标attribute属性icon图标service pack服务补丁option pack功能补丁Demo演示short cut快捷方式exception异常debug调试previous前一个column行row列restart重新启动text文本font字体size大小scale比例interface界面function函数access访问manual指南active激活computer language计算机语言menu菜单GUI(graphical userinterfaces )图形用户界面template模版page setup页面设置password口令code密码print preview打印预览zoom in放大zoom out缩小pan漫游cruise漫游full screen全屏tool bar工具条status bar状态条ruler标尺table表paragraph段落symbol符号style风格execute执行graphics图形image图像Unix用于服务器的一种操作系统Mac OS苹果公司开发的操作系统OO(Object-Oriented)面向对象virus病毒file文件open打开colse关闭new新建save保存exit退出clear清除default默认LAN局域网WAN广域网Client/Server客户机/服务器ATM( AsynchronousTransfer Mode)异步传输模式Windows NT微软公司的网络操作系统Internet互联网WWW(World Wide Web)万维网protocol协议HTTP超文本传输协议FTP文件传输协议Browser浏览器homepage主页Webpage网页website网站URL在Internet的WWW服务程序上用于指定信息位置的表示方法Online在线Email电子邮件ICQ网上寻呼Firewall防火墙Gateway网关HTML超文本标识语言hypertext超文本hyperlink超级链接IP(Address)互联网协议(地址)SearchEngine搜索引擎TCP/IP用于网络的一组通讯协议Telnet远程登录IE(Internet Explorer)探索者(微软公司的网络浏览器) Navigator引航者(网景公司的浏览器)multimedia多媒体ISO国际标准化组织ANSI美国国家标准协会able 能activefile 活动文件addwatch 添加监视点allfiles 所有文件allrightsreserved 所有的权力保留altdirlst 切换目录格式andfixamuchwiderrangeofdiskproblems 并能够解决更大范围内的磁盘问题andotherinFORMation 以及其它的信息archivefileattribute 归档文件属性assignto 指定到autoanswer 自动应答autodetect 自动检测autoindent 自动缩进autosave 自动存储availableonvolume 该盘剩余空间badcommand 命令错badcommandorfilename 命令或文件名错batchparameters 批处理参数binaryfile 二进制文件binaryfiles 二进制文件borlandinternational borland国际公司bottommargin 页下空白bydate 按日期byextension 按扩展名byname 按名称bytesfree 字节空闲callstack 调用栈casesensitive 区分大小写causespromptingtoconfirmyouwanttooverwritean 要求出现确认提示,在你想覆盖一个centralpointsoftwareinc central point 软件股份公司changedirectory 更换目录changedrive 改变驱动器changename 更改名称characterset 字符集checkingfor 正在检查checksadiskanddisplaysastatusreport 检查磁盘并显示一个状态报告chgdrivepath 改变盘/路径china 中国chooseoneofthefollowing 从下列中选一项clearall 全部清除clearallbreakpoints 清除所有断点clearsanattribute 清除属性clearscommandhistory 清除命令历史clearscreen 清除屏幕closeall 关闭所有文件codegeneration 代码生成colorpalette 彩色调色板commandline 命令行commandprompt 命令提示符compressedfile 压缩文件configuresaharddiskforusewithmsdos 配置硬盘,以为 MS-DOS 所用conventionalmemory 常规内存copiesdirectoriesandsubdirectoriesexceptemptyones 拷贝目录和子目录,空的除外copiesfileswiththearchiveattributeset 拷贝设置了归档属性的文件copiesoneormorefilestoanotherlocation 把文件拷贝或搬移至另一地方copiesthecontentsofonefloppydisktoanother 把一个软盘的内容拷贝到另一个软盘上copydiskette 复制磁盘copymovecompfindrenamedeletevervieweditattribwordpprintlist C拷贝M移动 O比 F搜索R改名 D删除 V版本 E浏览A属性 W写字 P打印 L列表copyrightc 版权(ccreatedospartitionorlogicaldosdrive 创建DOS分区或逻辑DOS驱动器createextendeddospartition 创建扩展DOS分区createlogicaldosdrivesintheextendeddospartition 在扩展DOS分区中创建逻辑DOS驱动器createprimarydospartition 创建DOS主分区createsadirectory 创建一个目录createschangesordeletesthevolumelabelofadisk 创建,改变或删除磁盘的卷标currentfile 当前文件currentfixeddiskdrive 当前硬盘驱动器currentsettings 当前设置currenttime 当前时间cursorposition 光标位置defrag 整理碎片dele 删去deletepartitionorlogicaldosdrive 删除分区或逻辑DOS驱动器deletesadirectoryandallthesubdirectoriesandfilesinit 删除一个目录和所有的子目录及其中的所有文件deltree 删除树devicedriver 设备驱动程序dialogbox 对话栏directionkeys 方向键directly 直接地directorylistargument 目录显示变量directoryof 目录清单directorystructure 目录结构diskaccess 磁盘存取diskcopy 磁盘拷贝diskservicescopycomparefindrenameverifyvieweditmaplocateinitialize 磁盘服务功能: C拷贝 O 比较 F搜索R改卷名V校验浏览E编缉M图 L找文件 N格式化diskspace 磁盘空间displayfile 显示文件displayoptions 显示选项displaypartitioninFORMation 显示分区信息displaysfilesinspecifieddirectoryandallsubdirectories 显示指定目录和所有目录下的文件displaysfileswithspecifiedattributes 显示指定属性的文件displaysorchangesfileattributes 显示或改变文件属性displaysorsetsthedate 显示或设备日期displayssetupscreensinmonochromeinsteadofcolor 以单色而非彩色显示安装屏信息displaystheamountofusedandfreememoryinyoursystem 显示系统中已用和未用的内存数量displaysthefullpathandnameofeveryfileonthedisk 显示磁盘上所有文件的完整路径和名称displaysthenameoforchangesthecurrentdirectory 显示或改变当前目录doctor 医生doesn 不doesntchangetheattribute 不要改变属性dosshell DOS 外壳doubleclick 双击doyouwanttodisplaythelogicaldriveinFORMationyn 你想显示逻辑驱动器信息吗(y/n)? driveletter 驱动器名editmenu 编辑选单emsmemory ems内存endoffile 文件尾endofline 行尾enterchoice 输入选择entiredisk 转换磁盘environmentvariable 环境变量esc esceveryfileandsubdirectory 所有的文件和子目录existingdestinationfile 已存在的目录文件时expandedmemory 扩充内存expandtabs 扩充标签explicitly 明确地extendedmemory 扩展内存fastest 最快的fatfilesystem fat 文件系统fdiskoptions fdisk选项fileattributes 文件属性fileFORMat 文件格式filefunctions 文件功能fileselection 文件选择fileselectionargument 文件选择变元filesin 文件在filesinsubdir 子目录中文件fileslisted 列出文件filespec 文件说明filespecification 文件标识filesselected 选中文件findfile 文件查寻fixeddisk 硬盘fixeddisksetupprogram 硬盘安装程序fixeserrorsonthedisk 解决磁盘错误floppydisk 软盘FORMatdiskette 格式化磁盘FORMatsadiskforusewithmsdos 格式化用于MS-DOS的磁盘FORMfeed 进纸freememory 闲置内存fullscreen 全屏幕functionprocedure 函数过程graphical 图解的graphicslibrary 图形库groupdirectoriesfirst 先显示目录组hangup 挂断harddisk 硬盘hardwaredetection 硬件检测hasbeen 已经helpfile 帮助文件helpindex 帮助索引helpinFORMation 帮助信息helppath 帮助路径helpscreen 帮助屏helptext 帮助说明helptopics 帮助主题helpwindow 帮助窗口hiddenfile 隐含文件hiddenfileattribute 隐含文件属性hiddenfiles 隐含文件howto 操作方式ignorecase 忽略大小写inbothconventionalanduppermemory 在常规和上位内存incorrectdos 不正确的DOSincorrectdosversion DOS 版本不正确indicatesabinaryfile 表示是一个二进制文件indicatesanasciitextfile 表示是一个ascii文本文件insertmode 插入方式insteadofusingchkdsktryusingscandisk 请用scandisk,不要用chkdsk inuse 在使用invaliddirectory 无效的目录is 是kbytes 千字节keyboardtype 键盘类型labeldisk 标注磁盘laptop 膝上largestexecutableprogram 最大可执行程序largestmemoryblockavailable 最大内存块可用lefthanded 左手习惯leftmargin 左边界linenumber 行号linenumbers 行号linespacing 行间距listbyfilesinsortedorder 按指定顺序显示文件listfile 列表文件listof 清单locatefile 文件定位lookat 查看lookup 查找macroname 宏名字makedirectory 创建目录memoryinfo 内存信息memorymodel 内存模式menubar 菜单条menucommand 菜单命令menus 菜单messagewindow 信息窗口microsoft 微软microsoftantivirus 微软反病毒软件microsoftcorporation 微软公司mini 小的modemsetup 调制解调器安装modulename 模块名monitormode 监控状态monochromemonitor 单色监视器moveto 移至multi 多newdata 新建数据newer 更新的newfile 新文件newname 新名称newwindow 新建窗口norton nortonnostack 栈未定义noteusedeltreecautiously 注意:小心使用deltree onlinehelp 联机求助optionally 可选择地or 或pageframe 页面pagelength 页长pausesaftereachscreenfulofinFORMation 在显示每屏信息后暂停一下pctools pc工具postscript 附言prefixmeaningnot 前缀意即"不prefixtoreverseorder 反向显示的前缀presetswitchesbyprefixinganyswitchwithhyphenforexamplew 用前缀和放在短横线-后的开关(例如/-w)预置开关pressakeytoresume 按一键继续pressanykeyforfilefunctions 敲任意键执行文件功能pressentertokeepthesamedate 敲回车以保持相同的日期pressentertokeepthesametime 敲回车以保持相同的时间pressesctocontinue 敲esc继续pressesctoexit 敲<esc>键退出pressesctoexitfdisk 敲esc退出fdiskpressesctoreturntofdiskoptions 敲esc返回fdisk选项previously 在以前printall 全部打印printdevice 打印设备printerport 打印机端口processesfilesinalldirectoriesinthespecifiedpath 在指定的路径下处理所有目录下的文件programfile 程序文件programmingenvironment 程序设计环境promptsyoubeforecreatingeachdestinationfile 在创建每个目标文件时提醒你promptsyoutopressakeybeforecopying 在拷贝前提示你敲一下键pulldown 下拉pulldownmenus 下拉式选单quickFORMat 快速格式化quickview 快速查看readonlyfile 只读文件readonlyfileattribute 只读文件属性readonlyfiles 只读文件readonlymode 只读方式redial 重拨repeatlastfind 重复上次查找reportfile 报表文件resize 调整大小respectively 分别地rightmargin 右边距rootdirectory 根目录runsdebugaprogramtestingandeditingtool 运行debug, 它是一个测试和编辑工具runtimeerror 运行时出错saveall 全部保存saveas 另存为scandisk 磁盘扫描程序scandiskcanreliablydetect scandisk可以可靠地发现screencolors 屏幕色彩screenoptions 屏幕任选项screensaver 屏幕暂存器screensavers 屏幕保护程序screensize 屏幕大小scrollbars 翻卷栏scrolllockoff 滚屏已锁定searchfor 搜索sectorspertrack 每道扇区数selectgroup 选定组selectionbar 选择栏setactivepartition 设置活动分区setupoptions 安装选项shortcutkeys 快捷键showclipboard 显示剪贴板singleside 单面sizemove 大小/移动sorthelp S排序H帮助sortorder 顺序specialservicesdirectorymaint 特殊服务功能: D目录维护specifiesdrivedirectoryandorfilestolist 指定要列出的驱动器,目录,和文件specifiesthatyouwanttochangetotheparentdirectory 指定你想把父目录作为当前目录specifiesthedirectoryandorfilenameforthenewfile 指定新文件的目录或文件名specifiesthefileorfilestobecopied 指定要拷贝的文件stackoverflow 栈溢出standalone 独立的startupoptions 启动选项statusline 状态行stepover 单步summaryof 摘要信息suppressespromptingtoconfirmyouwanttooverwritean 取消确认提示,在你想覆盖一个swapfile 交换文件switchesmaybepresetinthedircmdenvironmentvariable 开关可在dircmd环境变量中设置switchto 切换到sync 同步systemfile 系统文件systemfiles 系统文件systeminfo 系统信息systeminFORMation 系统信息程序tableofcontents 目录terminalemulation 终端仿真terminalsettings 终端设置testfile 测试文件testfileparameters 测试文件参数theactivewindow 激活窗口theswitchymaybepresetinthecopycmdenvironmentvariable /y开关可以在copycmd环境变量中预置thetwofloppydisksmustbethesametype 两个软磁盘必须是同种类型的thismaybeoverriddenwithyonthecommandline 在命令行输入/-y可以使之无效togglebreakpoint 切换断点tomsdos 转到MS-DOStopmargin 页面顶栏turnoff 关闭typecddrivetodisplaythecurrentdirectoryinthespecifieddrive 键入cd驱动器:显示指定驱动器的当前目录typecdwithoutparameterstodisplaythecurrentdriveanddirectory 键入无参数的cd以显示当前驱动器的当前目录typedatewithoutparameterstodisplaythecurrentdatesettingand 键入无参数的date,显示当前日期设置和unmark 取消标记unselect 取消选择usesbareFORMat 使用简洁方式useslowercase 使用小写useswidelistFORMat 使用宽行显示usinghelp 使用帮助verbosely 冗长地verifiesthatnewfilesarewrittencorrectly 校验新文件是否正确写入了videomode 显示方式viewwindow 内容浏览viruses 病毒vision 景象vollabel 卷标volumelabel 卷标volumeserialnumberis 卷序号是windowshelp windows 帮助wordwrap 整字换行workingdirectory 正在工作的目录worm 蠕虫writemode 写方式writeto 写到xmsmemory 扩充内存youmay 你可以我把网络安全方面的专业词汇整理了一下，虽然大多是乱谈，但初衷在于初学者能更好的了解这些词汇。
R454B
R454BIntroductionR454B is a next-generation refrigerant that is gaining popularity in the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) industry. It is an alternative to traditional refrigerants such as R410A and R134a, which are known to contribute to climate change. In this document, we will explore the properties and benefits of R454B as well as its impact on the environment.Properties of R454BR454B, also known as Opteon™ XL41, is a non-flammable and low-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant. It is classified as an HFO (Hydrofluoroolefin) and is a blend of several other refrigerants. One of its key properties is its high energy efficiency, providing the same cooling capacity as other refrigerants but with a lower environmental impact.Environmental ImpactAs mentioned earlier, R454B has a low GWP compared to traditional refrigerants. GWP measures the greenhouse gas emissions over a specific time horizon, with carbon dioxide (CO2) as the base reference. R454B has a GWP of around 466, which is significantly lower than R410A’s GWP of 2088 andR134a’s GWP of 1430. By using R454B, HVAC systems can help reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to global efforts in combating climate change.Energy EfficiencyR454B is not only environmentally friendly but also highly energy-efficient. It has been proven to have similar or even higher energy efficiency compared to traditional refrigerants. This means that HVAC systems using R454B can achieve the same cooling capacity while consuming less energy, resulting in lower electricity bills and reduced overall energy consumption.Safety ConsiderationsR454B is classified as non-flammable, which means it does not pose a significant fire risk compared to some other refrigerants. However, it is always essential to handle any refrigerant with care and follow proper safety guidelines. HVAC professionals should ensure proper training and adhere to the necessary safety protocols when working with R454B.Regulatory ComplianceWith increasing global concerns about climate change, regulations regarding refrigerants’ environmental impacts have become more stringent. R454B complies with various international regulations, such as the European Union’s F-Gas Regulation and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. These regulations aim to phase out high-GWP refrigerants by implementing specific restrictions and encouraging the use of low-GWP alternatives like R454B.ApplicationsR454B can be used in a wide range of HVAC applications, including commercial and residential air conditioning systems, heat pumps, and refrigeration units. It is compatible with many existing HVAC equipment, making it a suitable replacement for older refrigerants without the need for significant system modifications.ConclusionR454B is a next-generation refrigerant that offers a range of benefits for the HVAC industry. With its low GWP, high energy efficiency, and compliance with environmental regulations, it is an excellent option for transitioning away from high-GWP refrigerants. HVAC professionals and system owners can contribute to sustainability efforts by adopting R454B in their cooling systems. The adoption of R454B can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower energy consumption, and mitigate the impacts of climate change.。
实验室仪器英文对照表
实验室仪器英文对照表Lab Instrument English Translation TableIntroduction:In a laboratory setting, various instruments are used for scientific research, experimentation, and analysis. These instruments often have specific names or terms in English that may be unfamiliar to non-English speakers. To assist in better understanding and communication, this article provides a comprehensive English translation table for common laboratory instruments.Note: The table below includes the English term, followed by its corresponding translation in Chinese.Table:Instrument Name | Chinese Translation--------------------------------------------------------Microscope | 显微镜Centrifuge | 离心机Incubator | 培养箱Bunsen burner | 本生燃烧器Pipette | 移液管Spectrophotometer | 分光光度计Autoclave | 高压灭菌器Thermocycler | 热循环仪pH meter | pH计Balance | 天平Gel electrophoresis | 凝胶电泳Refrigerator | 冰箱Laminar flow cabinet | 层流柜Oven | 烘箱Water bath | 水浴锅Spectrometer | 光谱仪Shaker | 摇床Freezer | 冷冻机Magnetic stirrer | 磁力搅拌器Gas chromatograph | 气相色谱仪Water purification system | 水纯化系统Conductivity meter | 电导率计Microplate reader | 微孔板阅读器Viscometer | 粘度计Ultrasonic cleaner | 超声波清洗器Gas burner | 煤气灯Cryostat | 低温冷冻箱Rotary evaporator | 旋转蒸发器Magnetic resonance imaging | 磁共振成像Glove box | 手套箱Conclusion:This English translation table provides a valuable resource for individuals working or studying in a laboratory environment. By understanding and learning the English names of common laboratory instruments, communication and comprehension in an English-speaking setting can be significantly enhanced. With improved understanding, efficient collaboration and research in the field of science can be achieved.。
SIUnit国际标准单位
SIUnit国际标准单位Base units can be combined to derive units of measurement for other quantities. In addition to the two derived units (rad) and (sr), 20 other derived units have special names.Named units derived from base unitsName Expression in terms of other units Expression in terms of SI base unitsHz1/s s−1rad m/m dimensionlesssr m2/m2dimensionlessN, kg·m/s2kg·m·s−2Pa, N/m2kg·m−1·s−2J, , N·m = C·V = W·s kg·m2·s−2W, J/s = V·A kg·m2·s−3C or of s·A s·AV, , W/A = J/C kg·m2·s−3·A−1F C/V kg−1·m−2·s4·A2Ω, , V/A kg·m2·s−3·A−2S1/Ω = A/V kg−1·m−2·s3·A2Wb J/A kg·m2·s−2·A−1T strength, V·s/m2 = Wb/m2 = N/(A·m)kg·s−2·A−1H V·s/A = Wb/A kg·m2·s−2·A−2°C relative to 273.15 K K Klm cd·sr cdlx lm/m2m−2·cdBq (decays per unit time)1/s s−1Gy (of )J/kg m2·s−2Sv (of )J/kg m2·s−2kat mol/s s−1·molOther common units, such as the , are .Multiples of base units by prefixbase unitsName Symbol Measure Definition Historical origin / justifications "The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of theradiation corresponding to the transition between the twohyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133atom."13th CGPM (1967/68, Resolution 1; CR, 103)"This definition refers to a caesium atom at rest at atemperature of 0 K."(Added by CIPM in 1997)The day is divided in 24 hours, each hour dividedin 60 minutes, each minute divided in 60 seconds.A second is 1⁄(24 × 60 × 60) of them "The metre is the length of the path travelled by light invacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second."17th CGPM (1983, Resolution 1, CR, 97)1⁄10,000,000 of the distance from the 's equator to theNorth Pole measured on the circumferencethrough .kg "The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass ofthe international prototype of the kilogram."3rd CGPM (1901, CR, 70)The mass of one of . A litre is one thousandth of acubic metre.A "The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained intwo straight parallel conductors of infinite length, ofnegligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 metre apart invacuum, would produce between these conductors a forceequal to 2 × 10−7 per metre of length."9th CGPM (1948)The original "International Ampere" was definedelectrochemically as the current required todeposit 1.118 milligrams of silver per second froma solution of silver nitrate. Compared to the SIampere, the difference is 0.015%.9th CGPM (1948)K "The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is thefraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the ofwater."13th CGPM (1967/68, Resolution 4; CR, 104)"This definition refers to water having the isotopiccomposition defined exactly by the following amount ofsubstance ratios: 0.000 155 76 mole of 2H per moleof 1H, 0.000 379 9 mole of 17O per mole of 16O, and 0.002005 2 mole of 18O per mole of 16O."(Added by CIPM in 2005)The : the Kelvin scale uses the degree Celsius forits unit increment, but is a thermodynamic scale(0 K is ).mol ofsubstance"1. The mole is the amount of substance of a system whichcontains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in0.012 kilogram of carbon 12; its symbol is “mol.”2. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must bespecified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons,other particles, or specified groups of such particles."14th CGPM (1971, Resolution 3; CR, 78)"In this definition, it is understood that unbound atoms ofcarbon 12, at rest and in their ground state, are referred to."(Added by CIPM in 1980)or divided by the , 1 g/mol.cd "The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction,of a source that emits monochromatic radiation offrequency 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity inthat direction of 1/683 watt per ."16th CGPM (1979, Resolution 3; CR, 100)The , which is based on the light emitted from aburning candle of standard properties.Multiples of base units by prefix[]Multiples of SI base unitsMultiple Prefix Mass Time Length Electrical current Temperature Quantity Luminous intensity1024 () () (), () () () () ()1021 () () (), () () () () ()1018 () () (), () () () () ()1015 () () (), () () () () ()1012 () () (), () () () () ()109 () () (), () () () () ()106 () () (), () () () () ()103 () () * (), () () () () ()102 () () (), () () () () ()101, (), (), (), , , (), (), (), (), ()100Unit () * (), () () () () () +10−1 () () (), () () () () ()10−2 () () (), () () () () ()10−3 () () (), () () () () ()10−6 (, not , nor ) (, , ) (, , ), (, , ) (, , ) (, , ) (, , ) (, , )10−9 () () (), () () () () ()10−12 () () (), () () () () ()10−15 () () (), () () () () ()10−18 () () (), () () () () ()10−21 () () (), () () () () ()10−24 () () (), () () () () () Notes:*The is the SI base unit for mass, not the , which is defined as 1/1000th of a kilogram.+The is still considered an SI base unit, although it is no longer fundamental, being defined in terms of other SI units.。
计量器具中英文对照
1。
量块gaugeblock2. 光滑极限量规plainlimit gauge3. 塞规pluggauge4。
环规ringgauge卡规snap gauge5. 塞尺feelergauge6。
钢直尺steelgauge7. 精密玻璃线纹尺precision glass linear scale8. 精密金属线纹尺precision metal linear scale9。
半径样板radiustemplate卡尺类1。
游标卡尺verniercaliper2。
带表卡尺dialcaliper3. 电子数显卡尺calliperwith electronic digital display4。
深度标游卡尺depthvernier caliper5. 电子数显深度卡尺depthcaliper with electronic digital display6. 带表高度卡尺dialheight calliper7. 高度游标卡尺heightvernier caliper8. 电子数显高度卡尺heightcaliper with electronic digital9. 焊接检验尺calliperfor welding inspection千分尺类1. 测微头micrometerhead2。
外径千分尺externalmicrometer3. 杠杆千分尺micrometer with dial comparator4. 带计数器千分尺micrometer with counter5。
电子数显外径千分尺micrometer with electronic digital display 6。
小测头千分尺smallanvil micrometer7。
尖头千分尺pointmicrometer8. 板厚千分尺sheetmetal micrometer9。
壁厚千分尺tubemicrometer10. 叶片千分尺blademicrometer11。
量具检具英文对照（GaugeandgaugeinEnglish）
量具检具英文对照（Gauge and gauge in English）51调准计量52调整调整量”具”类1量块量块。
2。
光滑极限量规光滑极限量规3塞规塞规。
4环规环规。
卡规卡规5。
塞尺塞尺6钢直尺钢表。
7精密玻璃线纹尺精密玻璃线性表。
8。
精密金属线纹尺精密金属线性表9半径样板半径样板。
卡尺类1游标卡尺游标卡尺。
2带表卡尺卡尺。
3。
电子数显卡尺卡尺电子数显4。
深度标游卡尺深度游标卡尺5。
电子数显深度卡尺电子数显深度卡尺6。
带表高度卡尺游标高度卡尺7。
高度游标卡尺高度游标卡尺8。
电子数显高度卡尺电子数显高度卡尺9。
焊接检验尺卡尺对焊接检验千分尺类1测微头测微头。
2。
外径千分尺外径千分尺3。
杠杆千分尺千分尺表盘比较器4带计数器千分尺千分尺计数器。
5。
电子数显外径千分尺微米电子数字显示6。
小测头千分尺小外径千分尺7尖头千分尺点微米。
8。
板厚千分尺板材千分尺9壁厚千分尺管微米。
10。
叶片千分尺叶片千分尺11。
奇数沟千分尺奇数沟千分尺12。
深度千分尺深度千分尺13。
内径千分尺内径千分尺14。
单杆式内径千分尺单体内径千分尺15。
表式内径千分尺拨打内径千分尺16。
三爪式内径千分尺三点内径千分尺17。
电子数显三爪式内径千分尺三点内径千分尺18。
内测千分尺内径千分尺指示表类1指示表百分表。
2深度指示表深度百分表。
3杠杆指示表百分表。
4。
内径指示表内径百分表5。
涨弹簧式指示表胀头内径百分表6。
钢球式内径指示表钢球式内径百分表7。
电子数显指示表电子数显百分表8。
杠杆卡规指示卡规9。
带表卡规卡规10。
外卡规带表外卡规11。
内卡规带表内卡规12。
测厚规厚度计13。
扭簧比较仪扭簧比较仪14。
杠杆齿轮比较仪杠杆齿轮比较仪15电子量规电子表。
16电感式传感器电感式传感器。
17指示装置指示装置。
18电感测微仪电感测微仪。
19。
峰值电感测微仪峰值电感测微仪20电感内径比较仪电感孔比较器。
21瞄准传感器瞄准传感器。
角度测量器具1。
角度块角规2正多面棱体多边形的镜子。
CiA 303-2 DR V1.4 CANopen additional specification - Part 2 Representation of SI units and prefixe
CiA Draft Recommendation 303 CAN openAdditional specif icationPart 2: Representation of SI units and prefixVersion: 1.414.08.2006 CAN in Automation (CiA) e. V.HISTORYDate Changes2001-07-01 Publication of Version 1.0 as draft recommendation2004-12-30 Publication of Version 1.3 as draft recommendation- minor editorial changes2006-08-14 Publication of Version 1.4 as draft recommendation- minor editorial changes- completion of the list of SI unitsGeneral information on licensing and patentsCAN in AUTOMATION (CiA) calls attention to the possibility that some of the elements of this CiA specification may be subject of patent rights. CiA shall not be responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.Because this specification is licensed free of charge, there is no warranty for this specification, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except when otherwise stated in writing the copyright holder and/or other parties provide this specification “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the correctness and completeness of the specification is with you. Should this specification prove failures, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.© CiA 2006All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from CiA at the address below.CAN in Automation e. V.Am Weichselgarten 26DE - 91058 Erlangen, GermanyTel.: +49-9131-69086-0Fax: +49-9131-69086-79Url: Email: headquarters@CONTENTS1Scope (4)2References (4)2.1Normative references (4)2.2Informative references (4)3Abbreviations and definitions (4)3.1Abbreviations (4)3.2Definitions (4)4Physical units representation (4)4.1Code table for base SI units (4)4.2Code table for supplementary SI units (5)4.3Code table for derived SI units with special names (5)4.4Other units from ISO 1000 (6)4.5Code table for CANopen device, interface and application profile specificunits (7)5Prefix representation (7)5.1Code table for prefixes (7)6Implementation example (8)1 ScopeThis document recommends the representation of the international system of units and prefixes in CANopen device, interface and application profiles. The name "Système International d'unités" (International System of Units), with abbreviation SI, was adopted by the 11th conférence générale des poids et mesures in 1960, and is standardized in /SO1000/.2 References2.1 Normative references/ISO2955/ ISO 2955:1983, Information processing - Representation of SI and other units in systems with limited character sets, 2nd edition/ISO1000/ ISO 1000:1983, SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units2.2 Informative references3 Abbreviations and definitions3.1 AbbreviationsSI International system of units3.2 DefinitionsDefinitions given in /ISO1000/ and /ISO2955/ shall apply to this recommendation as well. Application objects representing physical values shall be described by using objects for prefix, numerator, and denominator. The detailed description is done in CANopen device profiles, interface profiles and application profiles. The values, which shall be used in these objects, are specified in the tables given in chapter 4 and 5.4 Physical units representation4.1 Code table for base SI unitsTable 1 shows the base SI units.Table 1 – Base SI unitsDescription Name of unit International symbol Notation index (hex) dimensionless none dimensionless 00 length metre m 01mass kilogram kg 02time second s 03 electric current ampere A 04 thermodyn. temperature kelvin K 05amount of substance mole mol 06luminous intensity candela cd 07reserved - 08 ... 0F4.2 Code table for supplementary SI unitsTable 2 shows the supplementary SI units.Table 2 – Supplementary SI unitsDescription of unit Name of unit International symbol Notation index (hex) plane angle radian rad 10solid angle steradin sr 11reserved - 12 ... 1F4.3 Code table for derived SI units with special namesTable 3 shows the derived SI units with special names.Table 3 – Derived SI units with special namesDescription Name of unit International symbol Notation index (hex) frequency hertz Hz 20 force newton N 21 pressure, stress pascal Pa 22energy, work, quantity ofjoule J 23 heatpower, radiant flux watt W 24coulomb C 25electric charge, quantity ofelectricityelectric potentialvolt V 26 difference, electromotiveforcecapacitance farad F 27 electric resistance ohm Ω28electric conductance siemens S 29 magnetic flux weber Wb 2A magnetic flux density tesla T 2B inductance henry H 2C celsius temperature degree celsius °C 2D luminous flux lumen lm 2Eilluminance lux lx 2Factivity (of a radionuclide) becquerel Bq 30gray Gy 31absorbed dose, specificenergy (imparted), kermadose equivalent sievert Sv 32catalytic activity katal kat 33reserved - 34 ... 3F4.4 Other units from ISO 1000Table 4 shows the other units provided by /ISO1000/.Table 4 – Other units from ISO 1000Description Name of unit International symbol Notation index (hex) angle grade g(s)* 40angle degree °(s) 41angle minute '(s) 42angle second ''(s) 43volume litre l† 44area are a 45area hectare ha 46time minute min 47time hour h 48time day d 49time year a 4Amass gram g 4Bmass tonne t 4Cpressure bar bar 4Epoise poise P 4Fstokes stokes St 50 electric charge electronvolt eV 51atomic mass unit atomic mass unit u 52astronomic unit astronomic unit AU 53 parsec parsec pc 54 acceleration meter per square second m/s255moment of force, torque newton metre Nm 56 square second square second s257 area square metre m258volume cubic metre m359 dynamic viscosity pascal second Pa⋅s 5A specific heat capacity,joule per kilogram kelvin J/(kg⋅K) 5B specific entropythermal conductivity watt per meter kelvin W/(m⋅K) 5Cjoule per mole kelvin J/(mol⋅K) 5Dmolar heat capacity, molarentropyradiance watt per square meterW/(m2⋅sr) 5Esteradiancatalytic (activity)katal per cubic meter kat/m35F concentrationreserved - 60 ... 9F† The symbol L may be used as an alternative to the symbol l. * (s) indicates that the symbol shall be used in the right superscript position (in the position of an exponent).4.5 Code table for CANopen device, interface and application profile specific units Table 5 shows the CANopen device, interface and application profile specific units.Table 5 – CANopen device, interface and application profile specific unitsName of unit International symbol Notation index (hex)profile-specific - A0 ... FF5 Prefix representation5.1 Code table for prefixesTable 6 shows the prefixes for SI units.Table 6 – Prefixes for SI unitsPrefix Factor Symbol Notation index (hex)reserved - - 13 ... 7F exa 1018 E 12- 1017- 11- 1016- 10peta 1015P 0F- 1014- 0E- 1013- 0Dtera 1012T 0C- 1011- 0B- 1010- 0Agiga 109G 09- 108- 08- 107- 07 mega 106M 06 - 105- 05- 104- 04kilo 103k 03hecto 102h 02deca 101da 01- 100- 00deci 10-1 d FFcenti 10-2 c FEmilli 10-3m FD- 10-4- FC- 10-5- FB micro 10-6µFA - 10-7- F9- 10-8- F8nano 10-9n F7- 10-10- F6Prefix Factor Symbol Notation index (hex) - 10-11- F5pico 10-12p F4- 10-13- F3- 10-14- F2 femto 10-15 f F1- 10-16- F0- 10-17- EFatto 10-18 a EE reserved - - ED to 806 Implementation exampleThe following object definition is a recommended practice to assign SI unit and prefix to an input/output object.In Figure 1 a recommended Value Definition for an object is given.31 24 23 16 15 8 7 0Prefix SI numerator SI denominator Profile-specific MSB LSBFigure 1 – Value DefinitionIn Table 7 the recommended object description for an object is given.Table 7 – Object descriptionIndex <to be defined in device profile>Name <TO BE DEFINED IN DEVICE PROFILE>Object Code VARData Type Unsigned32Category <to be defined in device profile>In Table 8 the recommended entry description for an object is given.Table 8 – Entry descriptionSub-index 00hAccess rwPDO Mapping No or OptionalValue Range <to be defined in device profile>Default Value <to be defined in device profile>Figure 2 shows an example for a velocity sensor. The value is given in km/h.31 24 23 16 15 8 7 003h01h48h reserved (00h) MSB LSBFigure 2 – Example for a velocity sensor。
4B MODULE ASSY INSTRUCTION 2
PHOTO A FAIRE / PICTURE TO MAKE
67 / SAISIR STYLO PEINTURE ET APPLIQUER UN POINT DE PEINTURE VERT EN FOND DE CASSETTE SUR PALIER POUR ATTESTER DE LA CONFORMITE DE L'ENSEMBLE CASSETTE ASSEMBLEE 67 / TAKE PAINT MARKER AND APPLY A GREEN DOT AT THE BOTTOM OF 4-BRUSH MODULE ON THE BLOCKING PLATE TO VALIDATE THE CONFORMANCE OF THE 4BRUSH MODULE ASSY TO THE ASSEMBLY SPECIFICATION
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Visa Proc. Eng. Production
DEPARTMENT DOCUMENT N° FI4BPH2 FILE N° FI4Bphoto0002
00/07/15 ENGLISH WORDING : D.NICOLLE 06/07/00 ETABLI PAR : B CARRE
PROCESS SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS 4-B. MODULE ASSY FOR D6RA WITH BUILT-IN 4 BRUSHES
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MAIN STEP N° : ASSEMBLY OF BRUSH HOLDER IN-WHITE AND REAR COVER 6
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Unicore UM4B0 Installation and Operation User Manu
U ni c o r e C o n f i dINSTALLATION AND OPERATIONUSER MANUALData subject to change without notice.Communications, Inc.Copyright© 2009-2021, Unicore RTK Positioning ModuleAll-constellation All-frequency GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo U M 4B0DisclaimerInformation in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Unicore Communications, Inc. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of a duly authorized representative of Unicore Communications, Inc. The information contained within this manual is believed to be true and correct at the time of publication.© Copyright 2009-2021 Unicore Communications, Inc. All rights RSV.UM4B0 User Manual ForewordThis <User Manual> offers you information in the features of the hardware, the installation, specification and use of UNICORECOMM UM4B0 product.This manual is a generic version. Please refer to the appropriate part of the manual according to your purchased product configuration, concerning CORS, RTK and Heading.Readers it applies toThis <User Manual> is applied to the technicists who know GNSS Receiver to some extent but not to the general readers.Contents1INTRODUCTION (1)1.1O VERVIEW (1)1.2K EY F EATURES (1)1.3T ECHNICAL S PECIFICATIONS (2)1.4I NTERFACES (2)2HARDWARE (3)2.1D IMENSIONS (3)2.2P IN D EFINITION (T OP V IEW) (4)2.3E LECTRICAL S PECIFICATIONS (6)2.4O PERATIONAL C ONDITIONS (7)2.5P HYSICAL S PECIFICATIONS (7)3HARDWARE DESIGN (8)3.1D ESIGN IN C ONSIDERATIONS (8)3.2UM4B0R EFERENCE D ESIGN (9)3.3P INS (10)3.4PCB P ACKAGING (11)3.5R ESET S IGNAL (12)3.6A NTENNA (12)3.7E XTERNAL A NTENNA F EED D ESIGN (12)4INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION (14)4.1ESD H ANDLING P RECAUTIONS (14)4.2H ARDWARE I NSTALLATION (14)4.3S TART U P (17)4.4C ONFIGURATION AND O UTPUT (17)4.4.1Operation Procedures (18)5CONFIGURATION COMMANDS (19)5.1RTK R EFERENCE S TATION C ONFIGURATION (20)5.2RTK R OVER C ONFIGURATION (21)5.3M OVING B ASE C ONFIGURATIONS (21)5.4H EADING C ONFIGURATION (21)6ANTENNA DETECTION (22)7FIRMWARE UPGRADE (22)8PRODUCTION REQUIREMENT (24)9PACKAGING (25)1Introduction1.1OverviewUM4B0 is a high precision positioning and heading RTK module developed by Unicore Communications, targeting light robots, UAVs, intelligent vehicles, GIS information collection, etc.By employing a single UC4C0 (432 channel tracking) baseband chip and a single RF chip, using single-sided SMD packaging, UM4B0 has achieved the smallest size(30x40mm) in this industry with high accuracy heading and positioning output. It can simultaneously track BDS B1I/B2I/B3I/B1C/B2a + GPS L1/L2/L5 + GLONASSL1/L2+Galileo E1/E5a/E5b.Figure 1-1 UM4B0 Module1.2Key Features•30*40mm, the smallest multi-system multi-frequency high precision module •Support GPS L1/L2/L5+GLONASS L1/L2+BDS B1I/B2I/B3I/B1C/B2a+Galileo E1/E5a/E5b•Based on 432 channel NebulasII GNSS SoC•20Hz update rate•Instant RTK initialization and long-distance RTK•Enhanced multi-system multi-frequency RTK technology, JamShield adaptive narrow-band anti-interference and U-AutoAlign multi-path mitigation •Support odometer input and external high-performance IMU interface* •SMD packagingUM4B0 User Manual 1.3Technical SpecificationsTable 1-1 Performance SpecificationsTable 1-2 Functional Ports1.4InterfacesFigure 1-2 Block Diagram1.RF PartThe receiver gets filtered and enhanced GNSS signal from the antenna via a coaxial cable. The RF part converts the RF input signals into the IF signal, and converts IF analog signal into digital signals required for NebulasII (UC4C0) digital processing.2.NebulasII SoC (UC4C0)The UM4B0 incorporates the processing from the NebulasII (UC4C0), UNICORECOMM’s new generation high precision GNSS SoC with 55nm low power design, which supports up to 12 digital intermediate frequency or 8 analog intermediate frequency signals and can track 12 navigation signals with 432 channels.3.1PPSUM4B0 outputs 1 PPS with adjustable pulse width and polarity.4.EventUM4B0 provides 1 Event Mark Input with adjustable pulse width and polarity.2Hardware2.1DimensionsUM4B0 User ManualFigure 2-1 Mechanical Dimensions2.2Pin Definition (Top View)Figure 2-2 UM4B0 Pin DiagramTable 2-2 Pin DefinitionUM4B0 User Manual2.3Electrical SpecificationsTable 2-3 Absolute Maximum Ratings2.4Operational ConditionsTable 2-4 Operational ConditionsNOTE: Since the product contains capacitors at the input, inrush current will occur during power-on. Evaluate in the actual environment in order to check the effect of the supply voltage drop due to the inrush current.2.5Physical SpecificationsTable 2-5 Physical Specifications3Hardware Design3.1Design in ConsiderationsTo make UM4B0 work properly, you need to properly connect the following:The module VCC power-on behavior is repeatable, the initial level is lower than0.4V, and the undershoot and ringing should be guaranteed to be within 5% VCC Provide stable power to the VCC pinConnect all the GND pins to groundConnect VBAT pin to a 3.0V power supplyConnect ANT_IN signal to the antenna, and ensure the 50-ohm impedance matchingConnect ANT_PWR to +3.3~5.5 V voltage, then supply +3.3~5.5 V feed to the antenna through ANT_INEnsure COM1 is connected to a PC or an external processor, and users can use this serial port to receive position data. COM1 is also necessary for firmwareupgradesProperly connect the module’s reset pin FRESET_N to ensure complete reset of the module. It will restore the module to the manufacturing configuration.When ANT_NLOD, ANT_FFLG and antenna detection indication signal are connected, the IO without any pull-up/down of the client MCU terminal isrequired at the input.In order to obtain proper performance, special concerns should be paid during the design:Power supply: A table and low ripple power supply is necessary for good performance. Make sure the peak-to-peak voltage ripple does not exceed50mVpp. It is recommended to use a power chip with current output capacity greater than 2A to power the board.-Use LDO to ensure the purity of power supply-Try to place LDO close to the module in layout-Widen the tracks of power circuit or use copper pour surface to transmit current-Avoid walking through any high-power or high inductance devices such as a magnetic coilInterfaces: Ensure that the signals and baud rate of the main equipment match those of the UM4B0 moduleAntenna interface: Make sure the antenna impedance matches, and the cable is short without any kinks, try to avoid all acute anglesTry to avoid designing in any circuits underneath UM4B0This module is a temperature sensitive device, so dramatic changes in temperature will result in reduced performance. Keep it away as far as possible from any high-power high-temperature air and heating devices3.2UM4B0 Reference DesignFigure 3-1 Minimum Reference DesignFigure 3-2 UM4B0 Reference Design 3.3PinsTable 3-1 Pin Notes3.4 PCB PackagingFigure 3-3 UM4B0 recommended PCB Packaging (unit: mil, in brackets: mm)3.5Reset SignalUM4B0 module can’t work properly unless it is correctly reset after power on. To ensure effective reset, the reset pin (RST) and power supply pin (VCC) must meet the following time sequence requirement. To reset UM4B0 during normal operation, please pull RST pin to low level for more than 5ms.Figure 3-4 UM4B0 RST3.6AntennaThe module has the antenna input pin ANT_IN, which provides a +3.3V antenna feed. When an active antenna of +3.3~5V is adopted, please make sure the 50 Ω antenna impedance is matched.Figure 3-5 UM4B0 Active Antenna Connection3.7External Antenna Feed DesignUM4B0 feeds the antenna signals to the required circuits internally, but in order to effectively prevent damage from lightning and surges, circuit protection should be installed externally to protect the module.High voltage and high-power protection chips should be used to feed the antenna from the outside of the module. A gas discharge tube, varistor, TVS tube and other high-power protective devices may also be used in the antenna circuit to effectively improve the prevention against lightning stroke and surge.ANTFigure 3-6 UM4B0 External Antenna Feed Reference CircuitRemarks:a)L1, feed inductor, 68nH RF inductor in 0603 package is recommended;b)C1, decoupling capacitor, it is recommended to connect two capacitors of 100nF/100pFin parallel;c)C2, DC blocking capacitor, recommended 100pF capacitor.4Installation and Configuration4.1ESD Handling PrecautionsUM4B0 Module is an Electrostatic Sensitive Device (ESD) and special precautions when handling are required.Electrostatic discharge may cause damages to the device. All operations mentioned in this chapter should be carried out on an antistatic workbench, wearing an antistatic wrist strap and using a conductive foam pad. If anantistatic workbench is not available, wear an antistatic wrist strap and connect the other end to a metal frame to avoid the effects of static electricity.Hold the edge of the module, not in direct contact with the componentsPlease check carefully whether the module has obviously loose or damaged components.Figure 4-1 Typical Installation of UM4B0Please check the contents of the package carefully after receiving the package of UM4B0.UM4B0 EVK suite (or evaluation board)User manualUPrecise softwareQualified antennaMMCX antenna cablePC or Laptop with serial ports (Win7 or above), with UPrecise installed4.2Hardware InstallationAfter the above preparation, please follow the steps below to install:Step 1: Make sure to take all the anti-static measures, such as wearing an anti-static wrist strap, grounding the workbench;Step 2: Align UM4B0 transfer board positioning holes and pins with EVK, and fix it in the EVK. EVK provides power supply and standard communication interface for the module to communicate with peripheral devices;NOTE: The RF connector of the board is MMCX, and the suitable connecting wire should be selected according to the package. The input signal gain at the antenna interface is optimal between 20 and 36 dB. Please select the appropriate antenna, antenna cable and online LNA accordingly.Figure 4-2 Installation InstructionStep 3: Select the GNSS antenna with appropriate gain, and fix it in a stable, non-block area, using the coaxial radio frequency cable to connect the antenna to UM4B0 EVK;Step 4: Connect the PC to the EVK serial port through direct serial cable;Figure 4-3 Connect the Serial PortStep 5: Connect a 12V adapter to the EVK power input, and switch on to powerthe device;Figure 4-4 Connect the AntennaStep 6: Open the UPrecise software on the PC;Step 7: Control the receiver through UPrecise to send commands or to log data.4.3Start UpThe power supply for UM4B0 is 3.3VDC. Before powering on the device, please connect UM4B0 serial port to the GNSS antenna. The receiver is started and the communication is connected after powering up. Testing tools are provided for module testing.4.4Configuration and OutputUNICORECOMM UPrecise software provides a user-friendly graphical interface to control and display the operation of your receiver. The features of Uprecise include: Logging Control View: Graphic interface for data loggingConsole window for sending command to the receiver (Console View)Displaying the receiver’s output in ASCII-format (ASCII View)Graphic window for displaying Position of satellite, PRN, and Signal/Noise Ratio (Constellation View)Historical and present Trajectory of the receiver (Trajectory View)Position/Velocity/Time of the receiver (PVT View)Apart from the basic functions above, UPrecise offers advanced functions as follows: Selecting and recording the logSending commands to the receiverOperating and configuration of the ASCII viewThe trajectory view for displaying the present point and the past point of the receiverSwitching Views over the tracking windowSwitching between Constellation ViewsResetting the receiverReplaying the GGA logFigure 4-5 UPrecise SoftwareUM4B0 User Manual 4.4.1Operation ProceduresStep 1. Follow 4.2 Installation Guide to connect the power source, antenna to the board, and turn on the EVK switchStep 2. Click file - > connect the serial port, and set the baud rate; the default baud rate of UB4B0M is 115200bpsFigure 4-6 Connect the Serial PortStep 3. Click the receiver settings button to configure the NMEA message output. Itis recommended to configure GPGGA, GPGSV, and other messages.Figure 4-7 NMEA Data OutputStep 4. Click the receiver settings button to configure the NMEA message output, then click send. It is recommended to configure GPGGA, GPGSV, and other messages. Step 5.In the data session window, click “Send all Message” to complete all the NMEA message output (update rate 1Hz). Right click in the data session window to adjust: output log font size, stop / resume log output, or clear log content, etc.Step 6. Use various views of UPrecise to configure or input commands as required.5Configuration CommandsUM4B0 supports abbreviated ASCII format. Simplified ASCII format without check bit is more accessible to user commands. All commands are composed of a log heading and configuration parameters (If parameters are null, there will be only one heading in the command). Header field contains the command name or message headers. UM4B0 is simple to use, and common instructions are shown in the following table:UM4B0 User Manual5.1RTK Reference Station ConfigurationIf the precise coordinates are known, the precise coordinates could be set as in this example:Mode base 40.07898324818 116.23660197714 60.4265 // set lat lon heightrtcm1033 com2 10 // RTCM1033 input from com2rtcm1006 com2 10rtcm1074 com2 1rtcm1084 com2 1rtcm1094 com2 1rtcm1124 com2 1saveconfigIf precise coordinates are unknown:Mode base time 60 1.5 2.0 // 60 seconds position averagertcm1033 com2 10rtcm1006 com2 10rtcm1074 com2 1rtcm1084 com2 1rtcm1094 com2 1rtcm1124 com2 1saveconfig5.2RTK Rover ConfigurationRTK Rover stations (rover station) receive differential correction data sent from reference stations and receive satellite signals to provide an RTK positioning solution and realize RTK high-precision positioning with cm or mm-level accuracy. Common instructions for configuring RTK rover are as follows:gngga 1saveconfig5.3Moving Base ConfigurationsRTK reference station provides precisely known coordinates of a fixed station. Unlike the RTK reference station, moving base station is in motion, at the same time receives the satellite information, and sends it to the rover station receiver (to be determined) directly or after processing. The rover station receiver receives satellite observations as well as information from the moving base station, to make relative positioning and determine the position of the rover station. Commonly used instructions to set the moving base station are as follows:Mode movingbasertcm1006 com2 1rtcm1074 com2 1rtcm1084 com2 1rtcm1094 com2 1rtcm1124 com2 1saveconfig5.4Heading ConfigurationGNSS heading refers to the clockwise angle between true North and the baseline vector constituted by the two GNSS antennas. Commonly used instructions are as follows:Mode headinggphdt com1 1saveconfigUM4B0 User Manual6Antenna Detection1The UM4B0 module offers antenna open/short detection. The corresponding pins are ANT_NLOAD and ANT_FFLG.•The current monitoring chip outputs 2 bit high and low voltage; the software portion sets 2 bit IO of corresponding NII as input pull-up, and then queries the status of 2 bit IO to check the antenna state.•If ANT_PWR malfunctions, the query result is invalid.•If the antenna is not fed by ANT_PWR but by other means, the query result is invalid.7Firmware UpgradeUprecise software is used for the remote update of UM4B0. Please follow the steps below to upgrade the device:Figure 7-1 Update InterfaceClick “…” to browse the firmware update package, and click“Start” to start the firmware upgrading process (uncheck software reset):1 Optional by FirmwareFigure 7-2 Update StepsWaiting for the process to complete 100% (the upgrade time is normally within 5min):Figure 7-3 Update StepsPlease use COM1 only to update firmware.UM4B0 User Manual8Production RequirementRecommended thermal cycle curve is as follows:Figure 8-1 Soldering TemperatureTemperature rising stage∙Rising slope: Max. 3℃/s∙Rising temperature range:50℃-150℃Preheating stage∙Preheating time: 60 – 120 s∙Preheating temperature range: 150 - 180℃Reflux Stage∙Over melting temperature (217℃) time: 40 – 60 s∙Peak temperature: no higher than 245℃Cooling Stage∙Cooling slope: Max. 4℃ / sNotes：In order to prevent fall off during soldering of the modules, please avoid soldering the module in the back of the Board during design, that is, better not to go through soldering cycle twice.The setting of temperature depends on many factors, such as type of Board, solder paste type, solder paste thickness, etc. Please also refer to the relevant IPC standards and indicators for solder paste.Since the lead soldering temperatures are relatively low, if using this soldering method, please give priority to other components on the Board.9PackagingUM4B0 modules are delivered in trays, which is suitable for mainstream SMT equipment. Each box contains 5 trays, so there are 150 UM4B0 modules in the box. Table 9-1 Package Informationw 。
iec60884-1-amd1-2006
Page 97 The correction applies to the French text only.
Page 99
14.24 Replace this subclause by the following new subclause:
Plugs shall be shaped in such a way and/or made of such material that they can easily be withdrawn by hand from the relevant socket-outlets.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:
FDIS 23B/816/FDIS
Report on on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.
On page 101, add the following new paragraph before the note:
For portable socket-outlets, after having withdrawn the test plug from the socket-outlet the contact pressure of the contact assembly is checked as specified in subclause 22.2 with the single-pin gauge. The gauge shall not fall from the contact assembly within 30 s.
MKP型号电容器产品说明书
Dimensions: [mm]Scale - 1:2MDBP525256JA20DCPP15040890744429002CSMDBP525256JA20DCPP15040 890744429002CSMDBP525256JA20DCPP15040 890744429002CSMDBP525256JA20DCPP15040 890744429002CST e m p e r a t u r eT T T MDBP525256JA20DCPP15040890744429002CSCautions and Warnings:The following conditions apply to all goods within the product series of Film Capacitors of Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG:General:•This electronic component is designed and manufactured for use in general electronic equipment.•Würth Elektronik must be asked for a written approval (following the certain PPAP level procedure) before incorporating the components into any equipment in the field such as military, aerospace, aviation, nuclear control, submarine, transportation (automotive control, train control, ship control), transportation signal, disaster prevention, medical, public information network etc. where higher safety and reliability are especially required and/or if there is the possibility of direct damage or human injury.•Electronic components that will be used in safety-critical or high-reliability applications, should be pre-evaluated by the customer. •Direct mechanical impact to the product shall be prevented as material of the body, pins or termination could flake or in the worst case it could break.•Avoid any water or heavy dust on capacitors surface, which may cause electrical leakage, damage, overheating or corrosion.•Würth Elektronik products are qualified according to international standards, which are listed in each product reliability report. Würth Elektronik does not warrant any customer qualified product characteristic, beyond Würth Elektronik specifications, for its validity and sustainability over time.•The customer is responsible for the functionality of his or her own products. All technical specifications for standard products also apply to customer specific products.•The component is designed and manufactured to be used within the datasheet specified values. If the usage and operation conditions specified in the datasheet are not met, the body, pins or termination may be damaged or dissolved.•Do not apply any kind of flexural or compressive force onto soldered or unsoldered component.•The capacitance tolerance as specified within the datasheet is only valid on the date of delivery and according specified measurement criteria.Product specificStorage conditions• A storage of Würth Elektronik products for longer than 12 months is not recommended. Within other effects, the terminals may suffer degradation, resulting in bad solderability. Therefore, all products shall be used within the period of 12 months based on the day of shipment.•Do not expose the components into direct sunlight.•The storage condition in the original packaging is defined according to DIN EN 61760-2.•The environment in which the capacitors are operated and stored has to have atmospheric characteristics and must be free of dew condensation and toxic gases (e.g. chlorine, ammonia, sulfur, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen sulfate).•Do not expose the capacitor to environments with hazardous gas, ozone, ultraviolet rays or any kind of radiation. Avoid any contact of the capacitor with direct sunshine, saltwater, spray of water or types of oil during storage. •The storage conditions stated in the original packaging apply to the storage time and not to the transportation time of the components. Operating climatic conditions•Do not exceed the lower nor the upper specified temperature under no circumstances.•Do not use the capacitors under high humidity, high temperature or under high or low atmospheric pressure which may affect capacitors reliability.•Surface temperature including self-heating must be kept below the maximum operating temperature.Operating load conditions•Due to self-heating the reliability of the capacitor may be reduced, if high frequency AC or pulse is applied.•Consider carefully possible specific changes of electrical characteristics like capacitance over temperature, voltage and time as well as the specific performance over frequency for the actual use conditions.•Avoid any overvoltage and do not apply a continuous overvoltage. If an overvoltage is applied to the capacitor, the leakage current can increase drastically. The applied working voltage is not allowed to exceed the rated working voltage of the specific capacitor.•If film capacitors with safety approvals are operated with a DC voltage exceeding the specified AC voltage, the approvals given on the basis of IEC 60384-14 are no longer valid.•For the WCAP-FTDB film capacitor the maximum peak voltage Vpeak+ shall not be greater than the rated voltage VR according to the temperature derating of the rated voltage VR. The peak-to-peak value of the ripple voltage Vp-p should not be greater than 0.3*VR according to the temperature derating of the rated voltage VR. The rated voltage of the capacitor may need to be reduced for different operating temperatures. See voltage derating curve within this datasheet.Packaging:•The packaging specifications apply only to purchase orders comprising whole packaging units. If the ordered quantity exceeds or is lower than the specified packaging unit, packaging in accordance with the packaging specifications cannot be ensured. Soldering•The solder profile must comply with the Würth Elektronik technical soldering specification. All other profiles will void the warranty. •All other soldering methods are at the customer’s own risk.•Strong forces which may affect the coplanarity of the component’s electrical connection with the PCB (i.e. pins), can damage the part, resulting in void of the warranty.•Customer needs to ensure that the applied solder paste, the paste thickness and solder conditions are enough to guarantee a sufficient solder result according to the relevant criteria of IPC-A-610.•Excessive amount of solder may lead to higher tensile force and chip cracking. Insufficient amount of solder may detach the capacitor due to defective contacts.•Do not use excessive nor insufficient flux.Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive SolutionsMax-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyCHECKED REVISION DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)GENERAL TOLERANCE PROJECTIONMETHODFPu001.0002022-10-13DIN ISO 2768-1mDESCRIPTION TECHNICAL REFERENCEWCAP-FTDB DC-Link Capacitor MDBP525256JA20DCPP15040ORDER CODE890744429002CSSIZE/TYPE BUSINESS UNIT STATUS PAGECleaning•Do not use any other cleaning solvents for box-typed capacitors except: ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol - water mixtures. After cleaning a drying process with temperatures not exceeding 65°C and not longer than 4 hours is mandatory to prevent any kind of electrical damage.Coating, molding and potting of the PCB•If the product is potted in the costumer’s application, the potting material might shrink or expand during and after hardening. Shrinking could lead to an incomplete seal, allowing contaminants into the body and termination. Expansion could damage the body or termination. We recommend a manual inspection after potting to avoid these effects.•If final assemblies will be placed completely in any plastic resin, physical, chemical and thermal influences must be considered. •When coating and molding the PCB, verify the quality influence on the capacitor.•Verify the curing temperature and assure that there is no harmful decomposing or reaction gas emission during curing. •Do not exceed the specified max. self-heating.Vibration resistance•Do not exceed the vibration limits given by IEC60068-2-6.Handling•After soldering, please pay attention not to bend, twist or distort the PCB in handling and storage. •Avoid excessive pressure during the functional check of the PCB. •Avoid bending stress while breaking the PCB.•WCAP-FTXX and WCAP-FTX2 capacitors are not designed and not recommended to be used in series connection to the mains. •The temperature rise of the component must be taken into consideration. The operating temperature is comprised of ambient temperature and temperature rise of the component.The operating temperature of the component shall not exceed the maximum temperature specified.Flammability•Avoid any external energy or open fire (passive flammability).These cautions and warnings comply with the state of the scientific and technical knowledge and are believed to be accurate and reliable.However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies or incompleteness.(V2.2)Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG EMC & Inductive Solutions Max-Eyth-Str. 174638 Waldenburg GermanyCHECKED REVISION DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)GENERAL TOLERANCEPROJECTION METHODFPu001.0002022-10-13DIN ISO 2768-1mDESCRIPTIONTECHNICAL REFERENCEWCAP-FTDB DC-Link CapacitorMDBP525256JA20DCPP15040ORDER CODE890744429002CSSIZE/TYPEBUSINESS UNITSTATUSPAGEImportant NotesThe following conditions apply to all goods within the product range of Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG:1. General Customer ResponsibilitySome goods within the product range of Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG contain statements regarding general suitability for certain application areas. These statements about suitability are based on our knowledge and experience of typical requirements concerning the areas, serve as general guidance and cannot be estimated as binding statements about the suitability for a customer application. The responsibility for the applicability and use in a particular customer design is always solely within the authority of the customer. Due to this fact it is up to the customer to evaluate, where appropriate to investigate and decide whether the device with the specific product characteristics described in the product specification is valid and suitable for the respective customer application or not.2. Customer Responsibility related to Specific, in particular Safety-Relevant ApplicationsIt has to be clearly pointed out that the possibility of a malfunction of electronic components or failure before the end of the usual lifetime cannot be completely eliminated in the current state of the art, even if the products are operated within the range of the specifications.In certain customer applications requiring a very high level of safety and especially in customer applications in which the malfunction or failure of an electronic component could endanger human life or health it must be ensured by most advanced technological aid of suitable design of the customer application that no injury or damage is caused to third parties in the event of malfunction or failure of an electronic component. Therefore, customer is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. The current data sheets can be downloaded at .3. Best Care and AttentionAny product-specific notes, cautions and warnings must be strictly observed. Any disregard will result in the loss of warranty.4. Customer Support for Product SpecificationsSome products within the product range may contain substances which are subject to restrictions in certain jurisdictions in order to serve specific technical requirements. Necessary information is available on request. In this case the field sales engineer or the internal sales person in charge should be contacted who will be happy to support in this matter.5. Product R&DDue to constant product improvement product specifications may change from time to time. As a standard reporting procedure of the Product Change Notification (PCN) according to the JEDEC-Standard inform about minor and major changes. In case of further queries regarding the PCN, the field sales engineer or the internal sales person in charge should be contacted. The basic responsibility of the customer as per Section 1 and 2 remains unaffected.6. Product Life CycleDue to technical progress and economical evaluation we also reserve the right to discontinue production and delivery of products. As a standard reporting procedure of the Product Termination Notification (PTN) according to the JEDEC-Standard we will inform at an early stage about inevitable product discontinuance. According to this we cannot guarantee that all products within our product range will always be available. Therefore it needs to be verified with the field sales engineer or the internal sales person in charge about the current product availability expectancy before or when the product for application design-in disposal is considered. The approach named above does not apply in the case of individual agreements deviating from the foregoing for customer-specific products.7. Property RightsAll the rights for contractual products produced by Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG on the basis of ideas, development contracts as well as models or templates that are subject to copyright, patent or commercial protection supplied to the customer will remain with Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG. Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG does not warrant or represent that any license, either expressed or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right relating to any combination, application, or process in which Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG components or services are used.8. General Terms and ConditionsUnless otherwise agreed in individual contracts, all orders are subject to the current version of the “General Terms and Conditions of Würth Elektronik eiSos Group”, last version available at .Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KGEMC & Inductive SolutionsMax-Eyth-Str. 174638 WaldenburgGermanyCHECKED REVISION DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)GENERAL TOLERANCE PROJECTIONMETHODFPu001.0002022-10-13DIN ISO 2768-1mDESCRIPTION TECHNICAL REFERENCEWCAP-FTDB DC-Link Capacitor MDBP525256JA20DCPP15040ORDER CODE890744429002CSSIZE/TYPE BUSINESS UNIT STATUS PAGE。
机械中英文对照
机械中英文对照It takes time to start a market, and time is an important factor in investment.机械专业英语词汇合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism 机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheel后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center 车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found流体动力学 fluid dynamics流体力学 fluid mechanics加工 machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 弹簧 spring制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead 联轴器 coupling链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor 集成电路 integrate circuit 挡板 orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal design工业造型设计 industrial moulding design 有限元 finite element滚齿 hobbing插齿 gear shaping伺服电机 actuating motor铣床 milling machine钻床 drill machine镗床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC电火花加工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting相图 phase diagram热处理 heat treatment固态相变 solid state phase changes有色金属 nonferrous metal陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheelAssembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧螺丝fixture 夹具治具pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skrpid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dein|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gaugeor jig治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表 notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shimwedge楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传 rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车 mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ； normal cone背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance or unbalance不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism差速器 differential常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat导程 lead导程角 lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line疲劳点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件 radial or in-line roller follower 对心直动从动件 radial or in-line translating follower对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank or crank-slider mechanism多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining反向运动学 inverse or backward kinematics 反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard cutting pitch circle分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder 分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder 分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound or combined gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism 复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 Assur group干涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击 rigid impulse shock刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling 滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism 机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism 机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学 robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes。
单位换算unit conversion
长度换算1千米（km）=0.621英里（mile）1米（m）=3.281英尺（ft）=1.094码（yd）1厘米（cm）=0.394英寸（in）1英里（mile）=1.609千米（km）1英寸（fm）=1.829（m）1英寸（in）=2.54厘米（cm）1海里（n mile）=1.852千米（km）1码（yd）=3英尺（ft）1杆（rad）=16.5英尺（ft）1英里（mile）=5280英尺（ft）1海里（n mile）=1.1516英里（mile）1英尺（ft）=12英寸（in）面积换算1平方公里（km2）=100公顷（ha）=247.1英亩（acre）=0.386平方英里（mile2）1平方米（m2）=10.764平方英尺（ft2）1公顷（ha）=10000平方米（m2）=2.471英亩（acre）1平方英寸（in2）=6.452平方厘米（cm2）1英亩（acre）=0.4047公顷（ha）=4.047×10-3平方公里（km2）=4047平方米（m2）1平方英尺（ft2）=0.093平方米(m2)1平方码（yd2）=0.8361平方米（m2）1平方米（m2）=10.764平方英尺（ft2）1平方英里（mile2）=2.590平方公里（km2）体积换算1美吉耳（gi）=0.118升（1）1美品脱（pt）=0.473升（1）1美夸脱（qt）=0.946升（1）1美加仑（gal）=3.785升（1）1桶（bbl）=0.159立方米（m3）=42美加仑（gal）1英亩·英尺＝1234立方米（m3）1立方英寸（in3）=16.3871立方厘米（cm3）10亿立方英尺（bcf）=2831.7万立方米（m3）1万亿立方英尺（tcf）=283.17亿立方米（m3）1百万立方英尺（MMcf）＝2.8317万立方米（m3）1千立方英尺（mcf）=28.317立方米（m3）1英加仑（gal）=4.546升（1）1立方英尺（ft3）=0.0283立方米（m3）=28.317升（liter）1立方米（m3）=1000升（liter）=35.315立方英尺（ft3）=6.29桶（bbl）质量换算1长吨（long ton）=1.016吨（t）1千克（kg）=2.205磅（lb）1磅（lb）=0.454千克（kg）[常衡] 1盎司（oz）=28.350克(g)1短吨（sh.ton）=0.907吨（t）=2000磅（lb）1吨（t）=1000千克（kg）=2205磅（lb）=1.102短吨（sh.ton）=0.984长吨（long ton）密度换算1磅/美加仑（lb/gal）=119.826千克/米（kg/m）1千克/米3（kg/m3）=0.001克/厘米3（g/cm3）=0.0624磅/英尺3（lb/ft3）运动粘度换算1英尺2/秒（ft2/s）=9.29030×10-2米2/秒（m2/s）动力粘度换算动力粘度 1泊（P）＝0.1帕·秒（Pa·s）1厘泊（cP）=10-3帕·秒（Pa·s）1磅力秒/英尺2（lbf·s/ft2）=47.8803帕·秒（Pa·s）1千克力秒/米2（kgf·s、m2）=9.80665帕·秒（Pa·s）力换算1牛顿（N）＝0.225磅力（lbf）=0.102千克力（kgf）1千克力（kgf）=9.81牛（N）1磅力（lbf）=4.45牛顿（N）1达因（dyn）=10-5牛顿（N）温度换算K＝5/9（°F+459.67）K=℃+273.15n℃=(5/9·n+32) °F n°F=[(n-32)×5/9]℃1°F=5/9℃（温度差）压力换算压力 1巴（bar）=105帕（Pa）1达因/厘米2（dyn/cm2）=0.1帕（Pa）1托（Torr）=133.322帕（Pa）1毫米汞柱（mmHg）=133.322帕（Pa）1毫米水柱（mmH2O）=9.80665帕（Pa）1工程大气压=98.0665千帕（kPa）1千帕（kPa）=0.145磅力/英寸2（psi）=0.0102千克力/厘米2（kgf/cm2）=0.0098大气压（atm） 1ksi=1000 psi1磅力/英寸2（psi）=6.895千帕（kPa）=0.0703千克力/厘米2（kg/cm2）=0.0689巴（bar）=0.068大气压（atm）1物理大气压（atm）=101.325千帕（kPa）=14.696磅/英寸2（psi）=1.0333巴（bar）传热系数换算 1051千卡/米2·时（kcal/m2·h）=1.16279瓦/米2（w/m2）1千卡/（米2·时·℃）〔1kcal/(m2·h·℃)〕＝1.16279瓦/（米2·开尔文）〔w/(m2·K)〕1英热单位/（英尺2·时·°F）〔Btu/(ft2·h·°F)〕=5.67826瓦/（米2·开尔文）〔（w/m2·K）〕1米2·时·℃/千卡（m2·h·℃/kcal）=0.86000米2·开尔文/瓦（m2·K/W）热导率换算1千卡（米·时·℃）〔kcal/(m·h·℃)〕＝1.16279瓦/（米·开尔文）〔W/(m·K)〕1英热单位/（英尺·时·°F）〔But/(ft·h·°F)＝1.7303瓦/（米·开尔文）〔W/(m·K)〕比容热换算1千卡/（千克·℃）〔kcal/(kg·℃)〕＝1英热单位/（磅·°F）〔Btu/(lb·°F)〕＝4186.8焦耳/（千克·开尔文）〔J/（kg·K）〕热功换算1卡（cal）=4.1868焦耳（J）1大卡=4186.75焦耳（J）1千克力米（kgf·m）=9.80665焦耳（J）1英热单位（Btu）＝1055.06焦耳（J）1千瓦小时（kW·h）=3.6×106焦耳（J）1英尺磅力（ft·lbf）=1.35582焦耳（J）1米制马力小时（hp·h）=2.64779×106焦耳（J）1英马力小时（UKHp·h）=2.68452×106焦耳1焦耳＝0.10204千克·米＝2.778×10－7千瓦·小时＝3.777×10－7公制马力小时＝3.723×10－7英制马力小时＝2.389×10－4千卡＝9.48×10－4英热单位功率换算1英热单位/时（Btu/h）=0.293071瓦（W）1千克力·米/秒（kgf·m/s）=9.80665瓦（w）1卡/秒（cal/s）＝4.1868瓦（W）1米制马力（hp）=735.499瓦（W）速度换算1英里/时（mile/h）=0.44704米/秒（m/s）1英尺/秒（ft/s）=0.3048米/秒（m/s）渗透率换算地温梯度换算1℃/公里＝2.9°F/英里（°F/mile）=0.055°F/100英尺（°F/ft）油气产量换算1万亿立方英尺/日（tcf/d）=283.2亿立方米/日（m3/d）=10.336万亿立方米/年（m3/a）10亿立方英尺/日（bcf/d）=0.2832亿立方米/日（m3/d）=103.36亿立方米/年（m3/a）1百万立方英尺/日（MMcf/d）=2.832万立方米/日（m3/d）=1033.55万立方米/年（m3/a）1千立方英尺/日（Mcf/d）=28.32立方米/日（m3/d）=1.0336万立米/年（m3/a）1桶/日（bpd）=50吨/年（t/a）（原油，全球平均）气油比换算热值换算1吨煤=2.406×107英热单位（Btu）1千瓦小时水电＝1.0235×104英热（Btu）（资料来源：美国国家标准局）热当量换算1桶原油＝5800立方英尺天然气（按平均热值计算）1立方米天然气＝1.3300千克标准煤1千克原油＝1.4286千克标准煤。
机械零部件中英对照
四轴机械手Four-axis Robot 铜Copper 电木Bakelite 钣金Metal plate 精密导轨Precise Guide Rail 导轨滑块Guide Rail Slide Block
接线座Connector base 蘑菇头急停按钮头E-stop 绿色蘑菇头按钮Button 钥匙2位开关Switch 黄色平头按钮Button 触点基座常开Normally open contact 触点基座常闭Normally closed contact 急停标签+黄色防护罩E-stop label + protection cover 2位旋钮开关Switch 防爆日光灯Explosion-proof lamp 26芯母头Female connector 油水分离器Oil-water separator 电磁阀Magnetic valve 汇流板Manifold board 大防水盒Big waterproof box 小防水盒Small waterproof box 拖线插排Socket 工业电源快插Plug 基型接线端子排Terminal 双层互联接线端子排Terminal 双层接线端子排Terminal 接地型端子排Terminal 电缆Cable 气管Air tube 气管接头Air tube connector 节流阀Throttling valve 直节弯Joint 拖链Chain 接线端子Terminal blocks 走线槽Wire slot 走线导轨Wire guide rail 消音器Muffler 机械辅件Mechanical accessories 电气辅件Electrical accessories
人机界面HMI I/O连接器25针 I/O connector(25-pin) I/O连接器34针I/O connector(34-pin) I/O连接器40针I/O connector(40-pin) I/O连接器50针（FANUC用）I/O connector(50-pin) for FANUC 基恩士PLC专用数据线40针Keyence PLC data line (40-pin) 基恩士PLC专用数据线40针Keyence PLC data line (40-pin) 基恩士PLC专用数据线34针Keyence PLC data line (34-pin)
08级无损检测英语
Ksk Chapter One Text1.Nondestructive Testing(NDT)Nondestructive Testing includes visual examination, liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic, radiography, acoustic emission, thermal, and optical methods. Space permits only a brief discussion of these most often used NDT methods. For a more complete presentation see the references listed at the end of this chapter.Visual Inspection. An experienced welder or inspector can detect most of the weld defects by careful examination. The following defects can be observed, undercut, overlap, surface checks, cracks, slag inclusions, penetration, and the extent of reinforcement. Some of these defects are shown in Fig.6-4-1.Fig.6-4-1 Some welding defects that can be checked visuallyLiquid penetrant. The liquid-penetrant method involves flooding the surface with a light oil-like penetrant solution that isdrawn into the surface discontinuities by capillary action. After the excess liquid has been removed from the surface, a thin coating of absorbent material is applied to draw the traces of penetrant from the defects to the surface for observation①。
4b components limited rotech encoder mag-con
Mag-Con™TachometerFEATURES►Cast Aluminum Construction►Totally Self Contained (No Guards Required)►Ultra Heavy Duty Design►1 to 1,000 Pulses Per Revolution ►Multiple Outputs AC/DC►Intrinsically Safe Version Available►CSA / NRTL Class II Div 1 Approved Version Available PART NUMBERS/ACCESSORIES ►RSE Rotech Encoder -Aluminum ►RSEHT High Temperature Version (Up to +212°F)►RSEHHT High Temperature Version (Up to +302°F)►RSE4VBF-40Low Temperature Version (Down to -40°F)►MAG2000Mag-Con™ Magnetic Connector ►SR2V1-1Speed Relay ►TACH3V5TachometerAPPLICATIONThe 4B heavy duty aluminum Rotech rotary shaft encoder is used primarily for protecting equipment and personnel from dangerous underspeed/belt slip conditions in extreme environments. Other applications include accurate speed control, direction of rotation detection, gate position indication and counting the number of revolutions of the shaft.METHOD OF OPERATIONAn inductive sensing device in the body of the encoder detects a steel rotor. On slow speed or accurate position control, a photodiode detects the slots on a steel disk. One pulse is created for each rotor or slot so the unit can be connected directly to a PLC/computer or 4B control module. The shaft to be monitored is drilled and tapped to take the 1/2 in. UNC Rotech Bolt. The unit is secured to the shaft with this bolt and is able to move with the shaft. No guards are required as the rotating components are encased inside the housing of the encoder. No brackets are required as the encoder couplesdirectly to the end of the shaft and floats with the shaft.ATEX ApprovedVersions AvailableR TECH Rotary Shaft EncoderHeavy Duty Aluminum Shaft Monitor/EncoderTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS1” Flats2”Mag-Con™(Over 150 lbs. Pulling Force)Rotech Mounted on Shaft with Mag-Con™ Magnetic ConnectorDIMENSIONSNOTE: All Dimensions In InchesPRODUCT TYPEOutput Type is DependentUpon Chosen Pulse RateAluminum EncoderModel RSEROTECH SELECTION GUIDEType VN (NAMUR) 8.2 VDC Intrinsically Safe CircuitsType VA (NPN) 10 -30 VDCType VB (PNP) 10 -30 VDCType VC (NPN & PNP -3 Wire) 10 -30 VDCType VD (NPN & PNP -2 Wire)10 -30 VDCType VE 20 -240 VAC / VDCType VA, VB Q (Quadrature*) 10 -30 VDCType VC Q (Quadrature*) 10 -30 VDC+ Brown-Blue + BrownBlack -Blue + BrownBlack-Blue+ BrownBlack-BluePNPNPNBrown (L+)Blue (L-)Brown (L+)Blue (L-)+Brown-Blue -Blue + BrownBlack (A)-Blue+ Brown Black (B)Red (+ VE Supply)White (A)Green (B)Black (-VE Supply)Ground1 -60 Pulses Per Revolution Max. Frequency = 2,000 Hz1 -60 Pulses Per Revolution Max. Frequency = 600 Hz1 -60 Pulses Per Revolution Max. Frequency = 600 Hz FM / CSA Class II Div.1Versions Available1 -1,000 Pulses Per Revolution Max. Frequency = 1,000 Hz1 -60 Pulses Per Revolution Max. Frequency = 1,300 Hz1 -30 Pulses Per Revolution Max. Frequency =30 Hz (AC) -1,000 Hz (DC)1 -40 Pulses Per Revolution Max. Frequency = 600 Hz1 -1,000 Pulses Per RevolutionMax. Frequency = 1,000 Hz*NOTE: Quadrature versionsprovide both speed & direction of rotation.Available Pulse Rates (PPR) -1,2,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20,30,32,40,50,60,100,120,180,240,250,300,360,500,1000 (Dependent Upon Output Type)。
三坐标测量机英语
1.polar['pəulə]adj.(南, 北)极的, 靠近地极的(电池的)正负极的;【化】碰极的, 极性的;【数】配极的, 极的, 极坐标的两种性质相反的; 两个方向相反的中心的, (象北极星一样的)有向导意义的【航空】极地(轨道)的polar bear北极熊Love and hatred are polar feelings.爱与恨是完全相反的感情。
词性变化polar['pəulə]n.【数】极线, 极面; 极性; (火星表面的)极冠继承用法polarsensitiveadj.极向灵敏的, 对电流方向灵敏的, 极化的polar-symmetricadj.极对称的特殊用法conic polar极二次曲线cubic polar极三次曲线dynamic polar动态极坐标mixed polar混合极线two polar2.resolution[,rezə'lju:ʃən]n.决心, 坚定[决], 果断, 刚毅决定, 决议(案);【律】[罕]判决; (疑问等的)解答[决]分解, 溶解; 解析; 变形; 转化消除;【医】(疮肿等的)消散; [罕]松弛清晰度, 析象;【机】分解力;【自】分辨力【音】由不谐和音转变为谐和音; [诗]用二短音节代替一长音节变[转]化, 转变, 变形(into)show great resolution表示极大的决心a man of great resolution极其果断的人resolution of doubt疑团的清除visual resolution目力分辨率继承用法resolutionern.附议人, 支持决议案的人习惯用语adopt [carry, pass] a resolution通过决议, 作出决议come to a resolution (=form [make, take] a resolution) 决心, 拿定主意joint resolution(议会两院的)共同决议特殊用法angular resolution角分辨, 角分辨率apparent resolution可见分辨率, 清晰度appropriation resolution拔款决议azimuth resolution方位角分辨bearing resolution方位分辨率centre resolution中心分解力[清晰度]chromatic resolution彩色分解力[清晰度]chromatographic resolution色谱分离close-target resolution近目标分解度colour resolution彩色分解力[清晰度]command resolution命令分辨能力, 控制信号分辨能力complete free resolution完备自由分解complex spectral resolution复谱分解control resolution控制分辨能力controlled resolution可控分辨率, 控制精度copy resolution副本清晰度corner resolution(光栅)角分解力, 角清晰度depth resolution深度分辨率device resolution设备确定distance resolution距离分辨能力draft resolution决议草案edge resolution光栅边缘分辨能力[率] elevation resolution高度分辨能力, 仰角分辨能力energy resolution能量分辨率fine resolution高分辨能力fine detail resolution(图象)细节分解力[清晰度] force resolution力的分解fractional range resolution距离分辨率free resolution自由分解frequency resolution频率分解geometric-limited resolution 几何限制分辨率[分解力] grey level resolution灰度级分辨率image resolution图象清晰度; 图象分解力image converter resolution变象管分辨率injective resolution内射分解, 单射分解input resolution输入分辨力instrumental resolution仪器的鉴别力intrinsic resolution内在分辨率left projective resolution左射影分解limiting resolution极限分解力[分辨率], 极限清晰度limiting horizontal resolution极限[最高]水平分解力limiting vertical resolution极限垂直分解力; 最高垂直分解力line resolution行分解力, 行清晰度linear resolution线形分解, 线形归结lock resolution锁分解, 锁归结loop input resolution环路输入分辨率loop output resolution环路输出分辨率luminance resolution亮度信号分解力[清晰度]mass resolution质量分辨measuring resolution测试分解力[清晰度]minimal injective resolution极小内射分解minimum resolution最低分解力; 最低清晰度modular resolution模分解moving-area resolution活动面清晰度nominal resolution标称分辨度optical resolution旋光拆开, 光学离析; 光学分辨率, 光分辨能力optimum resolution最佳分解力[清晰度]ouput resolution输出分辨能力peak resolution峰分辨度phase resolution相位分辨能力picture resolution图象分解力; 图象清晰度plane-wave resolution平面波的分解potentiometer resolution电位器分辨率proposed resolution建议的决议pulse height resolution脉冲振幅清晰度range resolution距离分辨能力reproduced image resolution重显图象分解力[清晰度]right injective resolution右内射分解semantic resolution语义分解, 语义归结skirt resolution边缘分辨力[清晰度]spatial resolution空间分辨率special high resolution特高清晰度spectral resolution谱分解, 光谱分辨率spot(-size) resolution光点(大小)分辨率strain resolution应变分解structural resolution(屏幕)结构(所限的)分解力, (屏幕)结构(所限的)清晰度submicron resolution亚微米分辨率temporal resolution瞬时清晰度temporal resolution of moving objects 运动物体的瞬时清晰度thermal resolution热分辨率time measuring resolution测时分辨度tripartite draft resolution三国决议草案ultrahigh resolution超高分辨率uniform resolution均匀的分解力[清晰度]vector resolution向量分解velocity resolution速度分解vertical resolution垂直析象能力; 垂直分解度[清晰度] visual resolution目力分辨率resolution of lens镜头解象力resolution of lines线路分解resolution of operator运算子的分解, 算符的分解resolution of polar to cartesian极坐标-直角坐标转换[换算] resolution of the identity单位分解。
量具中英文对照
量具Measuring Tools 计量Gauging卡尺――Caliper 0。
02游标卡尺－――Vernier Caliper数显卡尺――Digital Caliper带表卡尺――Digital Slide CaliperCA=Calipers卡尺深度尺――depth gauge 0。
02数显深度尺――Digital depth gauge 外径深度尺――depth micrometerDI=Depth Indicator深度测试仪千分尺micrometer 0.01外径千分尺――external micrometer, 外径千分尺outside micrometer内径千分尺――Internal micrometer内径千分尺micrometer inside caliper；inside micrometer 深度千分尺micrometer depth gauge；depth micrometer卡钳式内径千分尺－Internal quick caliper dial gauge外径千分尺标准棒――micrometer standard外径千分尺架子――micrometer stand带表外径千分尺――Indicator dial micrometer MI=Micrometer千分尺千分表-Dial indicator数显千分表—Digital indicator千分表外径规―――Dial indicator snap gauges平面规surface gauge磁性吸座－－Magnetic stand孔的轮廓量规－Bore profile gauge KT点接触杠杆千分表—-—Lever dial indicator point contact length可调的磁力架-—--Magnetic stand with fine adjustment高度尺height gauge 0。
02游标高度尺—-—Vernier height gauge数显游标高度尺Digital height gaugeMH=Height tester高度测试仪尺规\刀规－Straight edge板规plate gauge中心规centre gauge锥度规taper gauge比例规proportional dividers标准规standard gauge齿轮规gear tooth gauge分线规divider；dividers工作量规working gauge厚薄规feeler(gauge)角规angle gauge块规gauge(block)量规gauge螺距规screw pitch gauge螺纹千分尺screw micrometer内卡钳inside caliper外卡钳outside caliper圆规compasses椭圆规ellipsograph隙规gap(/clearance）gauge线规wire gauge斜角规bevel square折尺folding pocket measure（/ruler）曲尺carpenter’s square钢尺――steel rule刻度尺graduation ruler丁字尺T—square三角尺set square直尺straight edge皮尺tape(/measure）卷尺Locking tape measure金属卷尺metallic tape角尺――angle square组合角尺combination set花岗岩平台（精度1极）Granite table, accuracy 1装有T型槽的平台-Tenon and T-slot incl。
astm 4b 标准
astm 4b 标准ASTM 4B 标准：对于管道及配件的物理和机械性能要求引言：ASTM 4B 标准是美国材料和试验协会（ASTM）制定的一项针对管道及其配件的标准。
该标准旨在确保管道及配件的物理和机械性能达到一定的要求，以保证其在实际应用中的安全性和可靠性。
本文将详细介绍 ASTM 4B 标准的主要内容和应用范围，以及其对管道及配件的各项性能指标的要求。
一、标准概述ASTM 4B 标准是一项综合性的标准，涵盖了管道及其配件的物理和机械性能要求。
根据该标准，管道和配件应该具备一定的强度、韧性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和密封性等性能。
此外，该标准还对管道及配件的尺寸、加工工艺、检测方法等方面做出了详细的规定，以确保其制造和使用的质量和安全。
二、适用范围ASTM 4B 标准适用于各种类型的管道和配件，包括金属管道、塑料管道、复合管道等。
无论是在建筑、工业、化工等领域，还是在输油、输气、给水、排水等系统中，该标准都可以作为管道及其配件的设计、制造和检验的依据。
三、物理性能要求ASTM 4B 标准对管道和配件的物理性能要求非常严格。
首先，管道和配件应具备一定的强度，能够承受内外部压力、温度和载荷等作用下的力学应力。
其次，管道和配件应具备一定的韧性，能够在受到外力冲击或变形时不会断裂或破裂。
此外，管道和配件还应具备一定的耐腐蚀性，能够在各种介质环境下长期运行而不受腐蚀损害。
四、机械性能要求ASTM 4B 标准还对管道和配件的机械性能做出了详细的要求。
首先，管道和配件的尺寸应符合设计要求，能够与其他配件连接紧密，确保系统的密封性。
其次，管道和配件的加工工艺应符合标准规定，以确保其表面光滑、无缺陷，并能承受一定的压力和温度。
此外，管道和配件的材料应符合标准规定，具备一定的强度和耐蚀性。
五、检测方法ASTM 4B 标准中还包含了一些用于管道和配件检测的方法。
例如，通过进行压力测试，可以检测管道和配件的耐压性能；通过进行化学分析，可以确定管道和配件的材料成分是否符合标准要求；通过进行非破坏性检测，可以检测管道和配件的表面缺陷和内部缺陷等。
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DE34 Units ReviewCompany Confidential1 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / InitialsObjectivesAt the end of the module the participant will be able to • Describe Nokia DE34 BTS general architecture • List different types of plug-in-units used in DE34 BTS • Describe main function of each plug-in-unit.Company Confidential2 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HDE34Units • Base Control Function Unit BCF • Transmission Unit TRU/Relay Unit RRI • Power Supply Unit PSU • Power Supply Unit CSU • Site Test Monitor Unit STM* • Antenna Filter Unit AFE • Remote Tune Combiner RTC • Receiving Multi-coupler Unit RMUCompany Confidential3 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HBase Control Function Unit BCFA• D15 female connector for RTC • Four digit display to show BTS status • Red (FLT), yellow (ALM) and green (OPR) LEDsto show BCFA status • BCFA reset switch (RST) • SMB connector for frame synchronization monitoring (FCLK) • SMB connector for master clock measurement(13 MHz) • D9 female connector for MMI • PCB size 233.35 * 280 mmCompany Confidential4 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HBase Control Function Unit BCFA DisplayBCFA display indicates0001 0002 0003 0004 0005 0006 0007 0008 • • • • • • • • Initialization Waiting 500 ms for Abis connection if disabled User tests (DSP tester is run) BCF-TRUA loop test is executed Waiting for Lapd link establishment SW and HW database loading Configuration Supervisory (start and maintain alarms and recovery)Company Confidential5 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HTransceiver unit TRXARX TX BBTRXADIV RXCHRXFLT ALM OPRRS-232Analog and digital processing of one carrier (8 TCH) both in uplink and downlink directions • Nominal power consumption 170 W • Dimensions (mm): Height: 262 Width: 95 Depth: 285 Weight:4.5 kg • Electrical data: - TX frequency range 925 - 960 MHz - RX frequency range1216RST TX880 - 915 MHzCompany Confidential6 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.H- TX Output power 30 W - TX Dynamic Power Control 30 dB - TX Power Control Step 2 dBTransceiver unit TRX InterfacesConnector name RX DIVRX TX RS232 X1 X2Company Confidential7 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HType SMA SMA N D connectorPurpose Receiver input from antenna coupling unit, normal Receiver input from antenna coupling unit, diversity Transmitter output to antenna coupling unit DSP testing purposeEuroconnector 5 x 37 Back panel connections for DBUS, FBUS and clocks Euroconnector 3 x 32 Back panel connections for controlling the TRX RF partsTransceiver unit TRX DisplayTRX display indicatesINIT 0090 HOP LOOP POFF 0090 POFF• initialization • channel number in fixed frequency • frequency hopping • TRX loop • Tx power failure • inactive TRXCompany Confidential8 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HANTENNA FILTER UNITAFU• DIMENSIONS: • Height 262 mm • Width 137 mm • Depth 287.5 mm • Weight 11.5 kg • ELECTRICAL DATA: • AFEA/D/H/J/M/N for GSM900 • TX frequency range 925-960 MHz • RX frequency range 880-915 MHz • AFEB for GSM 1800 and AFEL unit for GSM 1900Company Confidential9 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HRemote Tune CombinerRTC• DIMENSIONS:Height: Width: Depth: Weight: 402 mm 152 mm 367.5 mm 14 kg (RTCF), 15kg(RTCC)• ELECTRICAL DATA:- TX frequency range: RTCF 1805 - 1880MHz RTCC 925 -960MHz - RX frequency range: RTCF 1710 - 1785MHz RTCC 880 - 915MHz - Carrier frequency spacing: RTCF 800kHz RTCC 600kHz - Number of TX-carriers combined into one antenna: 1-6 TXCompany Confidential10 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HRECEIVER MULTICOUPLER UNIT RMUA•DIMENSIONS:-Height:262 mm -Width:62 mm -Depth:287.6 mm -Weight:5 kg•ELECTRICAL DATA-RX frequency range:RMUA 880-915 MHz RMUB 1710-1785 MHz RMUH 897.5-915MHz RMUJ 890-915MHzRMUADIV ANTRX 4RX 3DIV TESTRX 2RX 1RX ADJOPR ALM FLTdBDIV RX ADJ246810108642FLT ALM OPRDIV RX 1DIV RX 2DIV RX 3DIV RX 4DIV EXT OUTTESTANTEXT OUT1259Cabinet Cooling Fan Unit CCFA•CCFA is used in the Nokia Intratalk/Citytalk BTS cabinets in GSM 900/1800/1900•CCFA DIMENSIONS•Height: 66 mm •Width: 137 mm •Depth: 354 mm•Weight: 1.9 kg•ELECTRICAL DATA•Input voltage:24 VDC for GSM180026 VDC for GSM900/GSM1900•Input current: 0.35 ACCFAFUSEALMTESTT1.6APWR 1264Cabinet Cooling Fan UnitCCFC•CCFC unit can be operated from either a 24V(GSM1800) or a 26V(GSM900/1900) in Nokia Flexitalk BTS.•CCFC DIMENSIONS•Height:63 mm •Width:46.5 mm •Depth:334 mm •Weight:5 kg•ELECTRICAL DATA•Input voltage:24 V DC for GSM180026 V DC forGSM900/GSM1900•Input current: 0.4 AA L MP W R T E S TC C F CF U S E T 2.0A1265Cabinet Cooling Fan UnitCCFE Feature•CCFE is used in Nokia Talk-familyIntratalk R and S cabinets forGSM900/1800/1900 BTS.•CCFE DIMENSIONS•Height:81 mm•Width:340.5 mm•Depth:344 mm•Weight: 2.78 kg•ELECTRICAL DATA•Input voltage: 18V/20V DC•Input current: 0.425A (18VDC)Power Supply for Common Units CSUA & CSUB•The purpose of the power supply unit is to produce power supply needed in the basestation units•Two kinds of power supplies are designed for different input voltages:•DC power supply CSUA for 48/60 VDC•AC power supply CSUB for 230 VACPOWER SUPPLY UNITPSUA & PSUB•PSU = Power Supply Unit.•The purpose of the power supply unit is to produce power supply needed in the base station units.•Two kinds of power supplies are designed for different input voltages:•-DC power supply PSUA for -48/-60 VDC•-AC power supply PSUB for 230 VAC12281262Transmission UnitRadio Relay Indoor unit-RRI•RRI is installed inside the BTS cabinet• A BTS can be equipped with up to twoRRIs•Operating voltages:-The BTS feeds the supply voltage(-48VDC) to RRI•Dimensions-Height130mm-Width25mm-Depth280mm-Weight0.5kgTransmission UnitTRU•TRU provides three Abis connections between the BTSs and theBSC.•Transmission Unit (TRU) versions TRUA, TRUC, TRUE and TRUGare usedin the GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 BTSs.Transmission UnitTRUAMAIN FEATURES:•three 2 Mbit/s Abis interface to the multidrop2 Mbit/s highwaybetween the BSC and BTS’s•interface statistics according to CCITT’s G.826 specification•branching types B, L, Y and M on 8 kbit/s level: C on 32 kbit/s•rerouting possibilities within the loop network•interface to two integrated radio relays•transparent mode between interface 1 and 2 with 120 ohm interface, when BTS’s power cut off•controlled by the service terminal and via Q1-interface•75 ohm or 120 ohm type of interface is selected with jumper settings•2M cross-connection allows cable and radio transmissionTRUA Block DiagramD MR 18-3814* 2Mbit/s2MC COSCSYNCM/D MEASCONT D-busBIFLIFD MR 18-3814* 2Mbit/sR-bus8k C CTransmission Unit TRUA 2MCC(examples)Cable use, one cross-conn. spurRRI use, one cross-conn. spurRRI use 3* 2M spurRRI use, one cross-conn. spur 2* 2M spurCompany Confidential21 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HRRI use, one cross-conn. spur 2* 2M spurRRI use 3* 2M spurFeature BTS2110 Additional 2 Mbit/s link• additional transmission unit (TRU) can be used to expand the number of transmission links from 3 * 2 Mbit/s to 4 * 2 Mbit/s • not available with the MINI BTS TRX TRU 1 8k Multidrop 2M branching 2M connection field2M G 703 I/ F 20db 75/120 2M 2M G 703 I/ F 20db 75/120 2M 2M G 703 I/ F 6db 2M G 703 I/ F 6db 2M G 703 I/ F 20db 75/120 2M 2M G 703 I/ F 20db 75/120 2MTRU 2 8k Multidrop 2M branchingCompany Confidential22 © 2005 NokiaIF 1IF 2IF 3IF 4V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HTransmission Unit Service Terminal (ST)• Nokia-specific tool for configuring and maintaining transmission units • when operating locally with the ST, the polling is automatically disabled to prevent unnecessary alarms being send to the BSC from BCF • Service Terminal Emulator (STE) and Macro-STE PC-programsService TerminalCompany Confidential23 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.HTransmission Unit TRUA, TRUC, TRUE, TRUG• TRUA isonly used in ETSI transmission environment providing E1(2048kbit/s) A-bis connections • TRUC is used in HDSL(ETSI) transmission environment providing 2*HDSL (512kbit/s - 2048kbit/s)+E1/T1 A-bis connections • TRUE can be used both in ANSI transmission environment rpoviding T1 (1544kbit/s) A-bis connections and ESTI environment providing E1(2048kbit/s)A-bis connections • TRUG is used in ISDN-S(EuroISDN) transmission environment providing up to 4*ISDN-S(2B+D)+E1 or T1 PCM A-bis connections • TRUC, TRUE, TRUG are based on the same platform but TRUC and TRUG are equipped with a satelite module on the board for providing different types of interfaceCompany Confidential24 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / ZHANG Yu.H。