高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习附答案解析
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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
这种句子称为含蓄条件句。
例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。
根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。
其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。
1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。
如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。
如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。
如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。
如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。
如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.Without electricity, human life quite difficult today.
A.would be B.will be
C.would have been D.is
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:没有电,人类今天的生活将会相当困难。
虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。
因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句。
由“today”可知,表示的是与现在事实相反的假设,所以主语从句谓语形式为would be。
故A选项正确。
2.Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give your more help. A.had studied B.would study C.studied D.was studying
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气中错综时间条件句。
句意:也许如果我那时学的是科学而不是文学,我现就能给你更多的帮助。
从句与过去事实相反,而主句与现在事实相反。
从句中有信息词then(那时),说明从句与过去事实相反,应使用had done。
故选A。
3. If he _____ his legs in the last training, he _____ the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.
A.hadn’t hurt; would join in
B.hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in
C.didn’t hurt; would go in for
D.didn’t hurt; would have taken part in
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:句意:如果他在上一次的训练中没有受伤,他就能参加世界杯,这是他梦寐以求的要参加的。
这是虚拟语气,条件状语从句是对过去的虚拟,所以用had done,根据the coming World Cup主句是对将来的虚拟,所以用would do,故选A。
考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。
点评:本题难度适中。
混合虚拟对于学生来说是难点,考生看到了last training,误选B,认为主句和从句都是对过去的虚拟,本题的关键在于对于he has been longing to这个动词
的时态判定上。
即学即练:_________ last as his coach suggested, he wouldn’t have nar rowly escaped being killed.
A.Hadn’t the skydiver exited
B. If the skydiver hadn’t exited
C. Should the skydiver not exit
D. If the skydiver wouldn’t exit
解析:B。
根据下半句,可以看出是与过去事实相反,所以上半句应该用过去完成时,而A 项结构不对,故选B。
4.They urged that the library _________ open during the vacation.
A.must be kept B.is kept C.would be kept D.be kept
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
根据动词用法可知urge后面的宾语从句用should +动词原形,should可以省略,所以D选项正确。
句意:他们强烈要求图书馆在假期开放。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
5.It was Mr. Zhang that helped us out of the trouble. Without his help, we ______ it so easily. A.can’t manage B.mustn’t have managed
C.couldn’t have managed D.couldn’t manage
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
根据heiped可知,是发生的事情,对过去虚拟,主句用would/could/should have done故选C
考点:考查虚拟语气
6.________there were more people donating money to charity collections!
A.Only if B.If only
C.What if D.How about
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句式。
A. Only if 只要; B. If only要是;C. What if假使---将会怎样; D. How about觉得怎么样。
句意:要是有更多的人捐款给慈善机构就好了!if only要是……就好了。
根据句意可知选B。
【名师点睛】
Only if只要,引导条件状语从句;If only要是---就好了,if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同:
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。
If only he didn't drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。
【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用,没有主句。
7.—Was Sun Yang sorry for his driving without a license?
—Yeah, he said he ________ a role model as a public figure but he failed to be.
A.was B.had been
C.should have been D.would be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意:——孙杨为他的无证驾驶感到抱歉吗?——是的,他说他作为公众人物本应该做个榜样,但是他没有这么做。
根据“he failed to be”可知,表示与过去事实相反,表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”,应用should have done结构。
故选C。
8.The director commanded that everyone ________his advice.
A.must follow B.followed
C.had followed D.follow
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态。
command后跟的从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should+)do。
故选D。
【名师点睛】
command 及物动词 vt. 命令,command 后跟that 宾语从句, that 后一般是sb. +(should)+动词原形,是虚拟语气。
I command that he go at once. 我命令他立即就去。
本题考查command后跟宾语从句的用法。
command后跟的从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should+)do。
故选D。
9.It is really strange that the girl so early.
A.has been married B.has married
C.should be married D.would marry
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:真的很奇怪这个女孩这么早结婚。
在“It is+形容词+that...”句型中,that从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
故选
C。
10.Were it not for the fact that he ______ his work, he ______ enjoying himself by the seaside. A.completed; wouldn’t have been B.had completed; wouldn’t hav e been C.has completed; wouldn’t be D.completes; wouldn’t be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:要不是因为他已经完成了工作的事实,他不会到海边放松自己。
fact 后是同位语从句,表示动作已经完成用现在完成时。
表示与现在事实相反,主句用would+动词原形,故选C.
11.—Did you enjoy your trip?
—Yes. But for your advice, we __________ our stay in London half as much.
A.didn’t enjoy B.hadn’t enjoyed
C.wouldn’t enjoy D.wouldn’t have enjoyed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:——你旅途愉快吗?——是的,要不是你的建议,我们在伦敦的逗留时间不会有那么多。
此处是虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,谓语动词用would have+过去分词,But for相当于if虚拟语气的从句部分,此处用否定式,故答案为D。
12.You _____ something great, otherwise you wouldn't have got the promotion.
A.should do B.must do
C.should have done D.must have done
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词+have done。
句意:你一定做了什么了不起的事,否则你就得不到提升。
must have done表示对过去事情有把握的肯定推测,故选D。
【点睛】
情态动词+ have done结构:
1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如:He can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推
测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.
如:They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如:I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如:
You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有)
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)
6.“would + have +过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如:
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
13.If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you what to do now.
A.knew B.had known
C.would know D.would have known
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查错综时间条件句的虚拟语气。
句意:如果你上次见他的时候和他交谈的话,你现在就知道该做什么了。
从句描述的情况与过去事实相反,而主句描述的情况与现在事实相反,因此要用would/ could/ might/ should do,故C正确。
14. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A.If it is not B.Were it not
C.Had it not been D.If it were to be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果没有那些免费的票,我不会去影院这么频繁。
If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句)常考两个句型:If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。
从句中如果有助动词had, should或were时,可以省略if,而从句使用倒装语序。
故选C。
15.--- Why don't you buy the necklace since you like it so much?
---I___, but I don't have the money
A.would B.will
C.should D.may
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:—既然你如此喜欢这条项链,为什么不把它买下来?—我要买的,但我没有钱。
本句是一个表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,will和may不用于虚拟语气,should的意义不搭配。
句中would后面承前省略了buy it。
故A项正确。
16.Leading politicians in the U.S. have sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences urging that it ________ actions that could be taken by state and local governments and universities ________ national excellence in humanities and social scientific education”.
A.to identify; maintaining B.identifies; to maintain
C.identify; to maintain D.will identify; maintaining
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查谓语动词、虚拟语气和非谓语动词。
句意:美国的主要政治家已致信美国艺术与科学学院,敦促其确定州、地方政府和大学可以采取的行动,以保持国家在人文和社会科学教育方面的卓越。
”第一空涉及一个urge引导的宾语从句,表示“敦促”,从句的谓语需要用“should加上一般现在时”,其中should还可以省略,所以填identify。
第二空涉及一个非谓语动词的选择,该句谓语为identify,且根据句意,此空表目的,所以应用maintain的不定式to maintain。
故选C项。
17.If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.
A.had been B.were
C.would be D.was
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
从句首的if(如果)与主句的would have done(早就做…)可判断本题考查虚拟语气,并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设,所以if从句用一般过去式,be动词要用were。
虚拟语气中,be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was,故选B。
【点睛】
If条件句引导的虚拟语气,一般有三种形式。
与现在事实相反:If +主语+did(be用were),主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。
与过去事实相反:If +主语+had done,主语
+would/should/might/could + have done。
与将来事实相反:If +主语+were to do/should do,主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。
虚拟语气做题方法是在正常时态上往前推一个时态,用往前推了时态表达虚拟的不真实性。
只要学生记住我们上边列出的这三种形式,做题是轻而易举的。
18.John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.
A.came B.would come C.would have come D.should be coming 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:约翰昨天感到不舒服;否则,他就会去机场给朋友送行了。
表示同过去事实相反时,otherwise后的句子的谓语部分应用“would have done”形式。
Otherwise
相当于if he had felt well,是隐含的虚拟语气,从句用would have done表示和过去相反的虚拟语气。
故选C项。
【点睛】
考查虚拟语气要注意隐含的虚拟语气,如otherwise,without,but for等,还要注意主从句的时间不一致时,要区别对待。
19.—It’s really a pity that you didn’t go to see Frozen II last night.
—I ________, but I had to prepare for the coming exam.
A.would like to B.ought to C.would have D.may have
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和省略。
句意:——真遗憾你昨晚没去看《冰雪奇缘2》。
——我本来可以去的,但是我不得不为即将到来的考试做准备。
A. would like to想要,愿意;B. ought to应该;C. would have本来可以;D. may have可能。
根据下文“我不得不为即将到来的考试做准备”可知,我没有去看,空格处是省略句式,表示“(如果可以)我本来可以去”,与过去事实相反,谓语动词用would have gone...,承前省略gone...,故选C。
20.In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he ___________ no chance of getting a degree.
A.would have B.had C.had had D.would have had 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:在过去,如果像我这样的人没有通过考试考上大学,他就没有机会获得学位。
根据“In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam”可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语用had+过去分词,主句谓语用would/could/should/might+过去分词,故D项正确。
21.– But for your timely warning, we _______ into great trouble.
–You know we’re friends.
A.would get B.must have got C.would have got D.have got
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:–要不是你及时的警告,我们会遇到很大的麻烦。
–你知道我们是朋友。
分析句子可知,but for表示暗含的某种的条件,是含蓄条件句,主句要用虚拟语气,本句为对过去的虚拟,应用would have done,故选C。
22.The violence in Hong Kong has threatened its stability. We would rather it ______ its former order soon.
A.would restore B.will restore C.restored D.had restored
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:香港的暴力威胁着它的稳定性,我们宁愿它能尽快恢复原有的秩序。
would rather“宁愿做什么”,后跟that从句中的谓语动词习惯上要用虚拟语气。
分析句子可知,这里表示的是现在的愿望,所以要用一般过去时。
故选C项。
【点睛】
would rather后that从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,具体用法如下:
一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。
I would rather you went tomorrow.(我宁愿你明天去)。
用过去时完成时表示过去的愿望。
I would rather you hadn’t said it.(我希望你没有这样说过)。
结合本题中,描述的是香港现在存在的暴力现象,所以她能尽快恢复。
这是表现在的愿望,所以用一般过去式。
23.— My mom suggested I ________ the SAT test and go to the US for further study.
— I would rather you _______ at home.
A.take, stay B.take, stayed C.went, stay D.went, stayed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:——我妈妈建议我参加SAT考试去美国深造。
——我宁愿你呆在家里。
分析句子可知,表“建议”的suggest后接了一个宾语从句,宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形,should可以省略,所以第一空用take;would rather后接句子,句子谓语动词用虚拟语气,分析语境可知,此句是表现在的愿望,所以句子谓语动词用一般过去时,第二空应用stayed。
故选B项。
【点睛】
第一、英语中有“4”“3”“2”“1”动词,这些动词后面的宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形,should可以省略。
4——四个表示“要求”的词,require,
ask,tell,demand;3——三个表示“建议”的词,suggest, recommend,advice;2——两个表示“命令”的词,order,command; 1——一个表示“坚持”的词,insist。
第二、would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:
1、表示现在或将来的愿望,句子谓语用一般过去时;
2、表过去的愿望,句子谓语用过去完成时。
如本题中,两空都是虚拟语气,表“建议”的suggest后接了一个宾语从句,从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形,should可以省略,所以第一空用take;would rather后接句子,此句是表现在的愿望,所以句子谓语动词用一般过去时,第二空应用stayed。
故选B项。
24.______ is of vital importance that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage.
A.It, do B.What, did C.That, should do D.Whether, will do 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查代词和虚拟语气。
句意:我们做一些事情来保护我们宝贵的文化遗产是至关重要的。
第一个空是形式主语,代指that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage,形式主语应用it。
It is important/of importance that clause句式中,that从句应用虚拟语气,其谓语部分为should do形式,should可以省略。
故第二个填do。
综上,故选A。
25.With college entrance examination approaching, it's time that I ______ myself into hard work.
A.should throw B.have thrown C.throw D.throwing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:随着高考的临近,是我应该努力学习的时候了。
It’s time that...句型中从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气,should+动词原形/过去式,should不能省略。
故选A。
26.She said she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today.
A.if it didn’t slip her mind
B.if it weren’t to slip her mind
C.had it not slipped her mind
D.shouldn’t it slipped her mind
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:她说如果她没有忘记我今天到的话,她会派车来接我的。
分析句子
成分可知,she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today为宾语从句,该宾语从句中用虚拟语气,根据句意,该句与过去事实相反,从句________ that I was arriving today中应用过去完成时,该空处可填“if it hadn’t slipped her mind”。
再有,虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是had,should,were 的话,可以省略连词if,且用倒装,故该句还可表述为had it not slipped her mind,选项C符合题意,故选C。
27.It is important that we ________ the window before we leave.
A.shall close B.will close C.must close D.close
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我们离开前关上窗户是很重要的。
诸如necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity、the shame、no wonder等表情绪、观点的形容词或名词要用虚拟语气,符合“It is...that +主语从句”的结构,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should的省略要看情况而定。
句中表示建议的语气,should可以省略。
故选D项。
28.Without your timely help during the accident, I ________ to the interview.
A.mustn’t have made it B.can’t make it
C.couldn’t have made it D.shouldn’t make it
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:在意外事故中没有你及时的帮助,我不可能及时赶上面试。
根据句中的“Without your timely help”考虑句子是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句,主句需要使用虚拟语气,结合句意判断是对过去情况的虚拟,需要使用would/could/should/might+have done的形式。
故选C。
29.The man insisted that he ________ the money and that he ________ set free right away. A.hadn’t stolen; was B.hadn’t stolen; be C.not steal; be D.shouldn’t steal; was 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和虚拟语气。
句意:这名男子坚称他没有偷钱,并坚持要求他立即被释放。
insist 后接宾语从句的用法:insist表示“坚持说,坚持认为”时,根据一般宾语从句的规则,insist 用一般过去时,从句中动词用与过去相关的时态;insist表示“坚持要求”时,用虚拟语气,从句中的动词用“should + do ”,should可以省略。
本题第一空是他“坚持说”,并且主句动词insist是一般过去时,从句谓语动词steal发生在主句谓语动词insist之前,从句谓语用
过去完成时(had done),第二空表示“坚持要求”,所以从句中的动词用“(should) + do”,he和set free是被动关系,是被动语态(be done)。
故选B项。
30.When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups _________ nothing.
A.would mean B.would have meant
C.will mean D.had meant
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:当生活很艰难,你想要放弃的时候,请记住,生活充满了起起落落,如果没有低谷,那站在高处也失去了意义。
without the downs 是隐含的虚拟条件句,因为是和现在情况相反,用would mean 。
故A选项正确。