(全国通用版)高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 2 Cloning讲义 新人教版选修8-新人教版高三选修

Unit 2 Cloning
重点
单
词1.mercial adj.商业的；贸易的
2．straightforward adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的
3．breakthrough n．突破
4．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
5．cast vt.扔；投；掷
6．altogether adv.总共；完全地
7．arbitrary adj.任意的
8．impact n．撞击；冲击；巨大的影响
9．moral adj.道德(上)的；伦理的
10．pulsory adj.必须做的；义务的；强制的
11．shortly adv.立刻；不久
12．bother vt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰
13．initial adj.最初的；开始的
14．vain adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的
15．restore vt.恢复；使恢复原状；重建
16．merely adv.仅；只；不过
17．adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱
18．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担→undertook(过去式)→undertaken(过去
分词)→undertaking n．任务；事业
19．object vi.反对；不赞成→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议→objective adj.客观的；无偏见的
20．obtain vt.获得；赢得→obtainable adj.可获得的；能取得的
21．forbid vt.禁止；不准→forbade/forbad(过去式)→forbidden(过去分词) 22．accumulate vi.& vt.积累；聚积→accumulation n．积累；增加
23．retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休
24．assumption n．假定；设想→assume vt.假定；设想
25．regulation n．规那么；规章；法规→regulate vt.调节；管理
26．popularity n．受人喜爱；流行→popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的
27．strike vt.& vi.& n．打；撞击；罢工→struck(过去式)→struck(过去分词)
28．resist vt.抵抗；对抗→resistance n．反抗；抵抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的
29．decoration n．装饰→decorate v．装饰；布置
30．reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→reason n．原因；道理
重点
短
语1.pay_off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 2.cast_down沮丧；不愉快3．object_to反对 4.in_favour_of赞成；支持
5．owe...to把……归功于…… 6.(be)_bound_to_(do) 一定或注定(做)……7．strike...into_one's_heart使……刻骨铭心 8.from_time_to_time不
时；偶尔
9．bring_back_to_life使复生；使复活 10.in_vain白费力气；枉费心机11．in_good/poor_condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)
重点
句
型1.Then came...倒装句和that引导的同位语从句
Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill.(教材
P12)
2．whether...or...无论……还是……
However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.(教材P12)
语法
要
点复习同位语
1．从句作同位语
The fact thatsheseemedtodevelopnormally was very encouraging.(教材P11) 2．名词(短语)作同位语
Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years,
halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.(教材P12)
1undertake vt.(undertook；undertaken)着手；从事；承担；接受；同意It is a difficult task to undertake.(教材P11)
这是一项很难完成的任务。

(1)undertake ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a task/project 承担一个任务/项目to do sth 同意/答应/着手做某事for sth 为某事负责that...保证……
(2)undertaking n ．任务；事业 ①The project undertaken (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.
由那位年轻工程师独自承担的项目最终获得了巨大的成功。

②Mr Collins undertook to_look (look) after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friends.
柯林斯先生承担了照料孩子的任务，这样他妻子就能够与她的两位朋友去健身俱乐部了。

2objection n ．不赞成；反对；异议 On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.(教材P 12)
另一方面，多莉的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
raise an objection to (doing ) sth 对(做)某事提出异议have/make an/no objection to (doing ) sth
反对/不反对(做)某事 (2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
object vi .反对；不赞成 n .物体；目标object to sb/sth 反对/不赞成某人/事object to [sb (宾格)/one's] doing sth 反对(某
人)做某事object that...反对……
(3)objective adj .客观的；无偏见的 ①Pearson is your best friend, so I have no objection to him ing (e) to stay. 皮尔逊是你最好的朋友，所以我不反对他来小住。

②We object to being_blamed (blame) for something that we haven't done. 我们反对因与我们无关的事情而受到责备。

③I objected that he was too young for the position.
我表示反对，他太年轻不适合这个职位。

④His object of studying English is to know more about Britain and British. 他学习英语的目的是要更多地了解英国和英国人民。

[提示] object 表示“反对〞，为不及物动词，接宾语时后面需加介词to ；oppose 表示“反对〞，为及物动词，接宾语时后面不需加介词to 。

be opposed to 表示“反对……；和……相反〞。

3forbid vt .(forbade/forbad ；forbidden)禁止；不准
Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning...(教材P 12)
有些政府开始改革法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究……
(1)forbid ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ doing sth 禁止做某事sb sth 禁止某人某事
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫sb to do sth sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ forbidden adj .禁止的Forbidden City 紫禁城
①I will forbid you to_leave (leave) unless you apologize for what you have done. 如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉，我就不允许你离开。

②The manager forbids smoking (smoke) during office hours.
经理禁止在办公时间抽烟。

③He was_forbidden (forbid) to leave the house as a punishment.
作为惩罚，他被禁止离开房子。

[提示]forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb to do sth 形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise 等。

4owe vt .欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
You owe the lady an apology. (教材P 13)
你必须向这位女士道歉。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ owe sb sth/owe sth to sb 欠某人某物owe...to 把……归功于……
owe it to sb that...多亏某人……
(2)owing to ＝because of 因为，由于(后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，构成介词短
语，表示原因)
①These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。

②Owing (owe) to her assistance, we succeeded in starting the engine. 多亏她帮忙，我们成功启动了引擎。

5bother vt .打扰 vi .操心
n ．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.(教材P 14)
然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病，这个问题困扰着科学家们。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ bother to do sth 操心做某事bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰/麻烦某人
It bothers sb to do sth/that...使某人苦恼的是……
(2)put sb to any bother 给某人添乱
①Heathcliff was used to being outside all day, and did not bother to_wash (wash) or change his clothes.
希斯克里夫成天在外面待惯了，也不上心换洗自己的衣服。

②He didn't want to bother her with his financial problems on their honeymoon. 他不想在他们的蜜月期间因他的经济问题使她扫兴。

③It bothers me that he hasn't been telling me the truth.
他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。

④What bothers (bother) me most is that he seems to take no interest in his work. 最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。

⑤He is really a bother, for he is always putting others to any bother. 他确实是个极为讨厌的人，总是给别人添堵。

[提示]bother 作“麻烦；困难〞讲时是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物；讨厌的人〞讲时是可数名词。

[比较]
bot her
指干扰别人的正常生活或工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有令人讨厌的意味。

dis turb
指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother 弱。

tro uble
常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。

ann
oy
常指重复性的行为使人生气。

常用被动语态，表示为某事烦恼、生气。

1pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.(教材P11)
但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉〞的诞生。

[一词多义]写出以下句中pay off的含义。

①It took them three years to pay off the debt.偿清
②Her design won the first prize in the petition.Years of patience and hard wor k had at last paid off.得到好结果
pay for付……的钱；因……而受惩罚
pay back偿还；报复
③He had to work part–time so as to pay for his education.
他不得不做兼职来支付学费。

④That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.
能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。

2in favour of支持；赞成
Is it in favour of cloning or against it? (教材P12)
赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？
(1)⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧
favo (u )r n .恩惠；帮助；喜爱；赞同；支持 v .喜爱；赞同；支持in favour 赞同；支持；有利于in one's favour 对某人有利
out of favour 失宠；不流行
win one's favour 得到某人的欢心do sb a favour ＝do a favour for sb 帮某人忙ask a favour 请求帮忙owe sb a favour 欠某人人情
(2)favo(u)rable adj .赞成的；有利的；讨人喜欢的
(3)favo(u)rite adj .最喜爱的(只用于名词前) n ．[C]心爱的人/物 (4)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 表示支持、赞同某人的表达方式还有： be for sb ；stand by ；stand on one's side 等表示不支持、不赞同某人的表达方式有： be against sb
①There were 247 votes in favour and 152 against.
有247票赞成，152票反对。

②I'm all in favour of equal pay for equal work.
我完全支持同工同酬。

③The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment.
目前汇率对我们有利。

④Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?
请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？
⑤I'll ask Steve to he lp. He owes me a favour.
我要请史蒂夫帮忙。

他欠我一个人情。

3(be ) bound to (do ) 一定或注定(做)……；有责任或义务(做)……
Dolly's death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries.(教材P 14)
多莉的死，正如它的出世一样，注定带来焦虑。

(1)bind v ．(bound, bound)捆；绑；约束
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ be bound up in 忙于……；热衷于……be bound up with 与……有密切关系
①I prefer a free life. I don't like to be_bound(bind) to something.
我喜欢自由的生活，不喜欢被什么束缚。

②The marriage based on money is bound to_break(break) up.
建立在金钱基础上的婚姻是肯定要破裂的。

③He's too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.
他工作太忙，没有多少时间陪他的孩子们。

④Her illness is bound up with the pressure of her study and work.
她的疾病与她的学习和工作压力有密切关系。

Then came...倒装句和that引导的同位语从句
Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill.(教材P12) 接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。

[句式点拨1]
表示方位的副词或介词短语以及表示时间的now, then等置于句首时，句子完全倒装。

①For a moment nothing happened. Then came(e) voices all shouting together.
先是什么也没发生，接着传来所有人的喊声。

②Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled(flee) the thief.
听到狗叫得厉害，小偷吓跑了。

[句式点拨2]
本句中的news与that Dolly had bee seriously ill是同位语。

常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, fear等。

③He had no idea when she would e back.
他不知道她何时会回来。

④The thought that Mr Li would open a restaurant in New York surprised his wife.
李先生要在纽约开饭店的想法让他的妻子非常吃惊。

⑤He got a message from Mr Johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon.
他从约翰逊先生那里得到消息，经理那天下午不能同他会面了。

Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)
1．My mother forbids me to_play(play) puter games for a long time because she thinks they will ruin my study and future.
2．Don't bother me with the stupid questions and I have more important things to do.
3．Some scientists put forward an assumption that human beings can move to another planet in case the earth is not fit to live on someday.
4．Up to now, scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of the disease.
5．Going for a run outdoors is better than doing exercise in the gym because it has a positive impact on mental, as well as physical health, researchers have found.
6．Her efforts paid off and in 1999 she gained a place at University College London to study medicine.
7．I can hear the sound of the falling rain and the not–so–strongly blowing summer winds now, which disturbs my heart to the point that it is bound to_be(be) a sleepless night.
8．Pine trees, being(be) green all through the four seasons, are highly adored by scholars in Chinese traditional culture.
9．However, some of the panies have gone into a decline after having_obtained/obtaining(obtain) a temporary success.
10．As far as I'm concerned, I have an objection(object) to charging for parking.
Ⅱ.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)
his brother in many ways.
1．Although they are twins, Tony differs ∧
from
not cast down.
2．The circumstances were all against Joe, but he did
was
3．Though they were good friends, Lucy objected to lend
her ID card to Kathy
lending
to apply for a credit card.
4．Albert owes ∧
to his doctor's care that he is quite well again.
it
5．The house is still in a good condition. It ought not to have been knocked
down.
at the driver since he was stupid enough to 6．I couldn't resist laugh
laughing
rear–end(追尾撞车) someone on the highway.
7．My father forbade me ∧
meeting my friends online at the Internet café.
from
8．People are surprised to learn that the so–called “liberals〞 are not in the favor of freedom.
abroad to study, when there are so many good universities 9．Why bother to going
go
at home?
10．It suddenly struck
/to me that we ought to make a new plan.
occurred
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Cloning is a way of 1.making(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. Normally, cloning has two major uses. 2.Firstly(first), gardeners use it to produce plants. Secondly, it is 3.valuable(value) for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward 4.but/while the cloning of animals is very plicated. The procedure is difficult 5.to_undertake(undertake). In 1996, scientists succeeded 6.in cloning Dolly the sheep. Then came the disturbing news 7.that Dolly had bee ill. Altogether Dolly lived for six and a half years, whose appearance raised a storm of 8.objections(object). Government became nervous and some 9.forbad(e)(forbid) research into human cloning. Scientists still wonder 10.whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Staying silent can be just as powerful as the words you mean to say, like when the act of hugging will be more forting than saying, “Sorry for your loss.〞Another time when silence is golden is when you are unsure of what to say. If you are confused about your own feelings concerning a matter, it's best to stay quiet until you are more certain because more harm can be done by revealing false or
exaggerated feelings.
Choose silence instead of blurting out “in–the–moment〞 feelings that are hurtful and not really how you feel in the grand scheme of things. When you feel the urge to say an unkind thing, take a few breaths and think of the possible consequences of your words.
Silence can be your best friend during negotiations. Say your piece, then close your mouth, and let other persons e to their own conclusions. Your silence shows that one, you are confident in what you just said, and two, you respect other persons enough to hear what they have to say.
Sometimes silence is the best and most timely solution because other persons are not in a position to hear what you have to say. For example, when a friend needs you to listen to her problems, but she is unable to accept your advice at that moment.
Practice being silent at work when you don't have anything meaningful to contribute. Unless you can elevate the conversation by pointing out something interesting, missing, or beneficial, it's best to just observe and learn.
Finally, silence is golden when you don't want to engage in a fool's argument. As some squabbles will never be resolved, one must agree to disagree.
However, there will be times in your life when you will need the power of your voice, the voice within you that wants and needs to be respected and appreciated.
语篇导读本文为议论文。

文章开头形象地说明了保持沉默的作用，接着详细介绍了利用沉默的种种场合，最后提出观点：有时也应该说出自己内心的想法。

1．The passage mainly tells us about ________.
A．when to stay silentB．why to stay silent
C．how to stay silentD．whether or not to stay silent
解析A主旨大意题。

本文介绍了保持沉默的各种时机和场合，根据每段首句中的another time, when, during, sometimes等词可知应选A项。

2．What is the best to do during negotiation?
A．Grasp every chance to say more than the other.
B．Close your mouth and just listen to the other.
C．Say what you should and draw a conclusion.
D．Speak out your own points and let the others speak out theirs.
解析D细节理解题。

根据第四段可知，谈判时几句话说明观点后保持沉默，让别人想想你的决定；当他人在说话时认真倾听，也充分表现出你对他人的尊重，应选D项。

3．The underlined word “elevate〞 here most probably means ________.
A．start B．conclude
C．interrupt D．cancel
解析A词义猜测题。

根据第六段可知，在工作中，要是你没有任何有建设性的贡献时，试着保持沉默。

除非你能指出一些有趣的地方、一些被遗漏的点或者是特别有帮助的事来促进谈话内容，应选A项。

4．To follow this passage, the writer is likely to continue telling about ________.
A．the power of your voice
B．the occasions when you should speak up
C．the advantages of speaking up
D．the disadvantages of staying silent
解析B推理判断题。

本文最后一段由however表示转折，指出在生活中有时候也需要打破沉默和表达意见，根据there will be times可以推断出，下文作者将介绍表达意见的场合，应选B项。

B
How do you stay true to yourself when you're surrounded by friends or family that have an opinion on everything you do? It's not easy! 5.________ Here are four tips which can help you live a dynamic life.
6．________
Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter—your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you. Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else.
Don't fear people.
7．________ The reason why most people don't take risks or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.
Value yourself and your choices.
When you do, others will too. Own the choices you make in your life. 8.________
When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too. Show confidence in your choices and what you stand for whether others agree or not.
Focus on appreciation.
No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for. All successful people ask: What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use the tough time to inspire others? 9.________
These steps, if applied, will help you transform your peace of mind, lifestyle, and productivity.
A．Focus on your own talents and strengths.
B．Never let others' opinions guide your choices.
C．Treat every person like they are important.
D．When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you.
E．Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.
F．Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and you'll lead a successful life.
G．However, there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want.
语篇导读本文为说明文。

当你身边总是围绕着这样一些人，他们对你所做的任何事都指指点点，总是意见不断，怎么办？作者为你提出了一些忠实的建议。

5．解析G转折关系。

上文说到：保持真我不容易，此处说到：然而，你还是有可能过你想要的人生。

并接着提出了一些建议，应选G项。

6．解析B总分关系。

本段作者的观点是：不要被他人的观点左右，你自己内心深处比任何人都了解你自己，应选B项。

7．解析E顺承关系。

上下文有关键词：fear, take risks, live on the edge, the fear...，应选E项。

8．解析D对比关系。

作者在本段写作手法上用的是对比：空处与When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too形成语义对比；在用词上，应与believe in, confidence等是反义，应选D项。

9．解析F总结关系。

上文说到：应相信自己，自己往往最了解自己。

但是作者并不是固执己见，他告诉我们：应学会感恩，成功之士善于不断地改进自己，应选F项。

Ⅱ.完形填空
Recently, my family and I attended a neighborhood oyster(牡蛎) roast. I was more than glad that many people __1__ together there.
While standing at the large tables __2__ and eating oysters, I noticed a school–aged boy across the __3__ from us who was being handed oysters by a __4__. Obviously, the boy was having a great deal of __5__ and displeasure trying to __6__ them down.
At the beginning, I thought the man wanted the boy to __7__ the oysters and maybe after some time they would stop. __8__ things were not what I had expected. As we stood there, it continued. With each oyster, the __9__ of this boy became more and more obvious as he __10__ tears, struggling to swallow them. I __11__ learned that the man felt the boy had been disrespectful and this was his __12__.
Seeing that, I stopped chatting and eating oysters and __13__ whether to get involved or walk away at first. But then I thought that if the boy were my own child, what should I do? Suddenly a good idea __14__ me. I grabbed(抓住) my daughter and our Frisbee(飞盘) and made our way __15__ the man and the boy. We introduced ourselves, __16__ not to know many people there, and invited the boy to e and play Frisbee with us.
The man stared at us for a moment, and then __17__ it. Immediately the boy's situation changed. He became __18__ and talkative. We pulled another child into our group and played Frisbee for a good 30 minutes together.
It brought me much __19__ to end the suffering I was witnessing at the moment, and I was fully __20__ that trying to help in that or any situation where you see suffering is the best thing to do.
语篇导读本文为记叙文。

作者在参加邻居家的牡蛎烧烤聚餐时，遇到了一个身陷困境的小男孩。

作者想出了一个帮助他摆脱痛苦的好主意……
1．A．quarreled B．laughed
C．gathered D．left
解析C作者是和家人一起参加了邻居家的牡蛎烧烤聚会，聚会通常都是很多人聚集在一起的，应选C项。

2．A.dancing B．chatting
C．playing D．singing
解析B作者站在大桌子旁，一边聊天(chat)一边吃牡蛎，应选B项。

3．A.table B．room
C．chair D．desk
解析A作者站在一X大桌子旁边，那这个男孩应是在这X大桌子(table)的另一边，应选A项。

4．A.friend B．relative
C．father D．man
解析D根据第三段第一句可知，是一个男人(man)拿着牡蛎，应选D项。

5．A.fun B．convenience
C．interest D．difficulty
解析D根据下文的displeasure trying to可知，小男孩明显是遇到了困难。

difficulty 与displeasure并列，应选D项。

6．A.swallow B．drink
C．bring D．throw
解析A根据句意可知，小男孩是很不情愿地将这些牡蛎吞下去的。

swallow...down 将……吞下去，应选A项。

7．A.smell B．test
C．try D．avoid
解析C根据下文的and maybe after some time they would stop可知，前面作者原以为那个男人只是想让小男孩尝一尝牡蛎，应选C项。

8．A.Thus B．But
C．So D．Indeed
解析B根据下文的things were not what I had expected可知，事情并不是作者所想象的那样，与上句是转折关系，应选B项。

9．A.excitement B．suffering
C．eagerness D．skillfulness
解析B根据前后两句可知，随着每一次吃牡蛎，小男孩的痛苦(suffering)越来越明显，应选B项。

10．A.fought back B．held on
C．backed off D．slipped away
解析A句意：随着每一次吃牡蛎，小男孩的神情变得越来越痛苦，因为他在强忍着眼
泪，努力地吞咽。

fight back抵抗，此处有“把眼泪强忍回去〞的含义；hold on握住，稍等片刻；back off后退；slip away溜掉，应选A项。

11．A.also B．just
C．later D．already
解析C根据上下文可知，作者后来才了解到事实，应选C项。

12．A.award B．reward
C．return D．punishment
解析D句意：这个男人觉得小男孩对他不尊重，所以将吃牡蛎作为对小男孩的惩罚。

award奖品；reward报酬；return归还；punishment惩罚，应选D项。

13．A.chose B．expected
C．hesitated D．prepared
解析C根据下文可知，作者一开始不知道是否该出面干涉这件事情。

这句暗示作者当时犹豫不决(hesitate)，应选C项。

14．A.beat B．struck
C．defeated D．won
解析B句意：我突然想出了一个好主意。

a good idea struck/occurred to sb某人想到了一个好主意，为固定句式，应选B项。

15．A.apart from B．by way of
C．in the front of D．next to
解析D句意：我故意走到这个男人和男孩的旁边。

apart from除了……；by way of 通过/途经……；in the front of 在……前面；next to在……旁边，应选D项。

16．A.pretending B．wishing
C．deciding D．intending
解析A根据下文not to know many people there可知，作者是假装(pretend)不知道那儿有许多人，应选A项。

17．A.allowed B．refused
C．agreed D．thought
解析A根据下文的Immediately the boy's situation changed可知，是因为男人同意(allow)了作者的要求。

agree表示“同意〞时，如果后面跟名词或代词，是不及物动词，agree后面应该跟相应的介词，应选A项。

18．A.serious B．shy
C ．worried
D ．friendly
解析 D 根据后面的talkative(健谈的)可知，与之并列的应该是一个积极正面的词。

serious 严肃的，严重的；shy 害羞的；worried 担心的；friendly 友好的，亲切的，应选D 项。

19．A.interest
B ．argument
C ．relief
D ．confusion
解析 C 句意：我感到一阵轻松，因为我结束了当时小男孩在遭受的痛苦。

interest 兴趣；argument 争论；relief 解脱，安慰；confusion 困惑，应选C 项。

20．A.warned
B ．convinced
C ．reminded
D ．informed
解析 B 句意：我完全相信尽力帮助那些你所见到的正在遭受痛苦的人是最好的事情。

be fully convinced 完全相信，符合句意，应选B 项。

Ⅲ.短文改错
The long –desired winter vacation was ① arrived in the end. As soon as the bell rang, announced announcing
② the end of the class, we couldn't wait to rush out of the classroom. Half an hour late later ③， my good friend Li Ming and I were on the way back home. Such So
④ crowded was the train we took that they we
⑤ had to stand. Thinking of the ing Spring Festival and the two －weeks two －week ⑥ stay with parents, we both felt exciting excited
⑦. All of a sudden, I saw a man picking an old lady's pocket. With ∧ the ⑧ help of Li Ming, I caught
the thief and force forced
⑨ him to give back the purse to the lady. The thief was taken away by the guard. Praised by other passengers, and ⑩ we felt proud of what we had done.
① 解析 渴望已久的寒假终于到来了，此处不需要用被动语态。

② 解析 句意：下课铃一响，宣布下课，每个学生都迫不及待地冲出教室。

用announcing 作伴随状语，表示主动。

③ 解析 half an hour later 半个小时以后。

④ 解析 此处是so...that 句型，so 放在句首修饰crowded ，用倒装句。

⑤ 解析火车上是如此的拥挤，“我们〞只好站着。

⑥ 解析two–week是一个复合形容词，且只能作定语修饰名词，中间有连字符，week 后不能加–s。

⑦ 解析feel是连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。

excited感到兴奋的，常修饰人；exciting令人兴奋的，一般修饰物。

⑧ 解析with the help of在……的帮助下。

⑨ 解析和caught并列，用过去式forced。

⑩ 解析句意：被其他乘客表扬，我们对自己做的事情感到很自豪。

因为上半句是过去分词作状语，那么下半句不能是状语。