12月大学英语四级阅读理解冲刺试卷(九)

文化背景对商业运作的影响
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business diversity is not necessary.
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi ______.
A. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
B. is different from the model of McDonald’s
C. shows the reverse of globalization
D. has converged cultural differences
3. The two schools of thought ______.
A. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
B. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D. Both A and B
4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those ______.
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
C. who want to travel abroad
D. who want to run business on International Scale
5. According to Fortune, successful international companies ______.
A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
B. all have the quality of patience
C. will follow the overseas local cultures
D. adopt the policy of internationalization
词汇与短语
1. dynamic adj. 动态的
2. variable n. 变量
3. aesthetics n. 美学
4. factual adj. 事实的
5. interpretative adj. 解释的
6. converge v. 聚合
7. transplant v. 移植
8. myopia n. 近视
9. adversary n. 对手
长难句解析
①【解析】此句虽然很长，但考生只要认清它的主干，就很容易了解本句的意思。

这个句子为一个简单句，主语为：“this system”，谓语为“is shaped”。

【译文】特定社会成员特点构成的行为方式体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右：如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。

答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响，文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。

1. C 推断题。

意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。

文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。

不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。

在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。

2. A 细节题。

意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。

Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。

3. C 推断题。

意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。

两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。

他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。

4. D 主旨题。

由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。

所以D是正确答案。

5. B 细节题。

意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。

并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。

它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。

（薛琳）
在四级考试中，作文是最能够拉开距离的一个题型，很多人在拿到作文的时候不知道如何下手，今天我们就为大家整理了四级英语作文模板万能句型，一起来看一下吧。

一、引出开头万能模板句型
1 ∶It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned，…( 就我所知…)
2: Recently the problem of.... has been brought into focus.==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注)
3∶ Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题)
4: Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day- to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)
5: With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为…….)
6∶It is a common belief that….==It is commonly believed that….((人们一般认为……)
7∶ A lot of people seem to think that…….很多人似乎认为…..)
8∶It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道…)
二、表达不同观点
1: People's views on...vary from person to person. Some hold that…….. However，others believe that……(人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……….)
2∶People may have different opinions on……(人们对…….可能会持有不同见解)
3: Attitudes towards(drugs)vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards(failure)(人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异)
4∶There are different opinions among people as to……(对于……人们的观点大不相同)
三、得出最终结论的万能模板
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…….
很完全的答法，"take sth into consideration"短语的应用，加分。

2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。

3、Hence/Therefore，we'd better come to the conclusion that…. 因此，自然我们得出以下结论。

"Hence"一词用在文章中大气吧，但别平时口语中用，否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。

再特意提一句∶"we'd better"在这里不是"不得不"或"最好"的意思，而是一种自然而然，水到渠成的得出结论。

4、There is no doubt that job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

短语"there is no doubt that"上线，同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。

5、All in all, we cannot live without...But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之，我们没有……是无法生活的。

但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

这句话一般用于作文结尾，属万能句式，句式较为简单，方便操作。

英语四级通用句型精选
It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace.
It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.It's hard to say whether the plan is practicable.
There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.
It seems certain that they have made a series of experiments.It is said that bats have been using radar for millions of years.
To tell the truth, many mistakes we made could have been avoided.。