iwconfig：查看无线网卡的发射功率、链路质量等参数

iwconfig：查看⽆线⽹卡的发射功率、链路质量等参数
⽤法：
root@ubuntu:/home/zinkin# iwconfig wlan2
wlan2 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"TP-LINK_316"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: EC:88:8F:FD:B0:D3
Bit Rate=24 Mb/s Tx-Power=13 dBm
Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:on
Link Quality=54/70 Signal level=-56 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
以下引⽤⾃百度百科：
参数：
essid：设置⽆线⽹卡的ESSID(Extension Service Set ID)。

通过ESSID来区分不同的⽆线⽹络，正常情况下只有相同ESSID的⽆线站点才可以互相通讯，除⾮想监听⽆线⽹络。

其后的参数为双引号括起的ESSID字符串，或者是any/on/off，如果ESSID字符串中包含
any/on/off，则需要在前⾯加"--"。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 essid any 允许任何ESSID，也就是混杂模式
#iwconfig eth0 essid "My Network" 设置ESSID为"My Network"
#iwconfig eth0 essid -- "ANY" 设置ESSID为"ANY"
nwid: Network ID，只⽤于pre-802.11的⽆线⽹卡，802.11⽹卡利⽤ESSID和AP 的MAC地址来替换nwid，现在基本上不⽤设置。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 nwid AB34
#iwconfig eth0 nwid off
nick: Nickname，⼀些⽹卡需要设置该参数，但是802.11协议栈、MAC都没有⽤到该参数，⼀般也不⽤设置。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 nickname "My Linux Node"
mode：设置⽆线⽹卡的⼯作模式，可以是
Ad-hoc：不带AP的点对点⽆线⽹络
Managed：通过多个AP组成的⽹络，⽆线设备可以在这个⽹络中漫游
Master：设置该⽆线⽹卡为⼀个AP
Repeater：设置为⽆线⽹络中继设备，可以转发⽹络包
Secondary：设置为备份的AP/Repeater
Monitor：监听模式
Auto：由⽆线⽹卡⾃动选择⼯作模式
⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 mode Managed
#iwconfig eth0 mode Ad-Hoc
freq/channel：设置⽆线⽹卡的⼯作频率或者频道，⼩于1000的参数被认为是频道，⼤于10000的参数被认为是频率。

频率单位为Hz，可以在数字后⾯附带k, M, G来改变数量级，⽐如2.4G。

频道从1开始。

使⽤lwlist⼯具可以查看⽆线⽹卡⽀持的频率和频道。

参数off/auto指⽰⽆线⽹络⾃动挑选频率。

注意：如果是Managed模式，AP会指⽰⽆线⽹卡的⼯作频率，因此该设置的参数会被忽略。

Ad-hoc模式下只使⽤该设定的频率初始⽆线⽹络，如果加⼊已经存在的Ad-hoc⽹络则会忽略该设置的频率参数。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 freq 2422000000
#iwconfig eth0 freq 2.422G
#iwconfig eth0 channel 3
#iwconfig eth0 channel auto
ap：连接到指定的AP或者⽆线⽹络，后⾯的参数可以是AP的MAC地址，也可以是iwlist scan出来的标识符。

如果是Ad-hoc，则连接到⼀个已经存在的Ad-hoc⽹络。

使⽤off参数让⽆线⽹卡不改变当前已连接的AP下进⼊⾃动模式。

any/auto参数，⽆线⽹卡⾃动选择最好的AP。

注意：如果⽆线信号低到⼀定程度，⽆线⽹络会进⼊⾃动选择AP模式。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 ap 00:60:1D:01:23:45
#iwconfig eth0 ap any
#iwconfig eth0 ap off
rate/bit：如果⽆线⽹卡⽀持多速率，则可以通过该命令设置⼯作的速率。

⼩于1000的参数由具体的⽆线⽹卡驱动定义，⼀般是传输速
率的索引值，⼤于1000的为速率，单位 bps，可以在数字后⾯附带k, M, G来指定数量级。

auto参数让⽆线⽹卡⾃动选择速率 fixed参数让⽆线⽹卡不使⽤⾃动速率模式。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 rate 11M
#iwconfig eth0 rate auto
#iwconfig eth0 rate 5.5M auto //⾃动选择5.5M以下的速率
txpower：如果⽆线⽹卡⽀持多发射功率设定，则使⽤该参数设定发射，单位为dBm，如果指定为W（毫⽡），只转换公式为：
dBm=30+log(W)。

参数on/off可以打开和关闭发射单元，auto和fixed指定⽆线是否⾃动选择发射功率。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 txpower 15
#iwconfig eth0 txpower 30mW
#iwconfig eth0 txpower auto
#iwconfig eth0 txpower off
sens：设置接收灵敏度的下限，在该下限之下，⽆线⽹卡认为该⽆线⽹络信号太差，不同的⽹卡会采取不同的措施，⼀些现代的⽆线⽹卡会⾃动选择新的AP。

正的参数为raw data，直接传给⽆线⽹卡驱动处理，⼀般认为是百分⽐。

负值表⽰ dBm值。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 sens -80
#iwconfig eth0 sens 2
retry：设置⽆线⽹卡的重传机制。

limit ‘value’ 指定最⼤重传次数；lifetime ‘value’指定最长重试时间，单位为秒，可以附带m和u来指定单位为毫秒和微秒。

如果⽆线⽹卡⽀持⾃动模式，则在limit和 lifetime之前还可以附加min和max来指定上下限值。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 retry 16
#iwconfig eth0 retry lifetime 300m
#iwconfig eth0 retry min limit 8
rts：指定RTS/CTS握⼿⽅式，使⽤RTS/CTS握⼿会增加额外开销，但如果⽆线⽹络中有隐藏⽆线节点或者有很多⽆线节点时可以提⾼性能。

后⾯的参数指定⼀个使⽤该机制的最⼩包的⼤⼩，如果该值等于最⼤包⼤⼩，则相当于禁⽌使⽤该机制。

可以使⽤ auto/off/fixed
参数。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 rts 250
#iwconfig eth0 rts off
frag：设置发送数据包的分⽚⼤⼩。

设置分⽚会增加额外开销，但在噪声环境下可以提⾼数据包的到达率。

⼀般情况下该参数⼩于最⼤包⼤⼩，有些⽀持Burst模式的⽆线⽹卡可以设置⼤于最⼤包⼤⼩的值来允许 Burst模式。

还可以使⽤auto/fixed/off参数。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 frag 512
#iwconfig eth0 frag off
key/enc[ryption]：设置⽆线⽹卡使⽤的加密密钥，此处为设置WEP模式的加密key，如果要使⽤ WPA，需要wpa_supplicant⼯具包。

密钥参数可以是 XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX 或者 XXXXXXXX 格式的⼗六进制数值，也可以是s:xxxxxx的ASCII字符。

如果在密钥参数之前加了 [index]，则只是设置该索引值对应的密钥，并不改变当前的密钥。

直接指定[index]值可以设置当前使⽤哪⼀个密钥。

指定 on/off可以控制是否使⽤加密模式。

open/restricted指定加密模式，取决于不同的⽆线⽹卡，⼤多数⽆线⽹卡的open模式不使⽤加密且允许接收没有加密的数据包，restricted模式使⽤加密。

可以使⽤多个key参数，但只有最后⼀个⽣效。

WEP密钥可以是40bit，⽤10个⼗六进制数字或者5个 ASCII字符表⽰，也可以是128bit，⽤26个⼗六进制数字或者13个ASCII字符表⽰。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 key 0123-4567-89
#iwconfig eth0 key [3] 0123-4567-89
#iwconfig eth0 key s:password [2]
#iwconfig eth0 key [2]
#iwconfig eth0 key open
#iwconfig eth0 key off
#iwconfig eth0 key restricted [3] 0123456789
#iwconfig eth0 key 01-23 key 45-67 [4] key [4]
power：设置⽆线⽹卡的电源管理模式。

period ‘value’ 指定唤醒的周期，timeout ‘value’指定进⼊休眠的等待时间，这两个参数之前可以加min和max修饰，这些值的单位为秒，可以附加m和u来指定毫秒和微秒。

off/on参数指定是否允许电源管理，all/unicast/multicast
指定允许唤醒的数据包类型。

⽰例：
#iwconfig eth0 power period 2
#iwconfig eth0 power 500m unicast
#iwconfig eth0 power timeout 300u all
#iwconfig eth0 power off
#iwconfig eth0 power min period 2 power max period 4
commit：提交所有的参数修改给⽆线⽹卡驱动。

有些⽆线⽹卡驱动会先缓存⽆线⽹卡参数修改，使⽤这个命令来让⽆线⽹卡的参数修改⽣效。

不过⼀般不需要使⽤该命令，因为⽆线⽹卡驱动最终都会使参数的修改⽣效，⼀般在debug时会⽤到。

为了⽅便配置，可以把配置写到 /etc/network/interfaces中，这样以后就不⽤反复配置了。

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.1.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
echo nameserver 192.168.1.1>/etc/resolv.conf
pre-up /sbin/iwconfig eth1 essid "LW HOME LINK"
pre-up /sbin/iwconfig eth1 key s:liwei
auto usb0
iface usb0 inet static
address 192.168.0.200
netmask 255.255.255.0
auto dsl-provider
iface dsl-provider inet ppp
pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up # line maintained by pppoeconf
provider dsl-provider
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
关于Link Quality=54/70 Signal level=-56 dBm
link quality
也就是30/70,
• Signal quality is defined very briefly in the 802.11 standard. Common
definitions have arisen, but they are usually incorrect. The correct definition hinges on the term, “PN code correlation strength,” which is a measure of the match (correlation) between the incoming DSSS signal and an ideal DSSS signal.实际的和理想的⽐值
signal level
“• Signal strength is defined in 802.11 as the Received Signal Strength
Indicator(RSSI). RSSI, is intended to be used as a ‘relative value’ within the
chipset. This is a 1-byte value so that it could have values ranging from
0 to 255, but vendors prefer to use arbitrary scales from 0 to RSSI_Max
where the latter is vendor-specific (for instance, Cisco uses 101, Symbol
31, Atheros 60). It is not associated with any particular power scale
(e.g. mW) and is not required to be of any particular accuracy or
precision. The RSSI value is used internally by the microcode in the
adapter and this is why vendors are not forced to use a compatible
standard.As an example of its use, if the RSSI value is below some
threshold, the NIC knows that the channel is idle. Therefore, the signalstrength numbers reported by an 802.11 card will probably not be
consistent between two vendors, and should not be assumed to be particularly accurate or precise
(Details are provided below).
实际上是判断信道是否空闲的依据。

以下引⽤⾃：
/velanjun/article/details/7572601
iwconfig [interface]
iwconfig interface [essid X] [nwid N] [mode M] [freq F]
[channel C][sens S ][ap A ][nick NN ]
[rate R] [rts RT] [frag FT] [txpower T]
[enc E] [key K] [power P] [retry R]
[commit]
iwconfig --help
iwconfig --version
DESCRIPTION
Iwconfig is similar to ifconfig(8), but is dedicated to the wireless
interfaces. It is used to set the parameters of the network interface
which are specific to the wireless operation (for example : the fre-
quency). Iwconfig may also be used to display those parameters, and
the wireless statistics (extracted from /proc/net/wireless).
All these parameters and statistics are device dependent. Each driver
will provide only some of them depending on hardware support, and the
range of values may change. Please refer to the man page of each device
for details.
PARAMETERS
essid
Set the ESSID (or Network Name - in some products it may also be
called Domain ID). The ESSID is used to identify cells which are
part of the same virtual network.
As opposed to the AP Address or NWID which define a single cell, the ESSID defines a group of cells connected via repeaters or
infrastructure, where the user may roam transparently.
With some cards, you may disable the ESSID checking (ESSID promiscuous) with off or any (and on to reenable it).
If the ESSID of your network is one of the special keywords
(off, on or any), you should use -- to escape it.
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 essid any
iwconfig eth0 essid "My Network"
iwconfig eth0 essid -- "ANY"
nwid/domain
Set the Network ID (in some products it may also be called
Domain ID). As all adjacent wireless networks share the same
medium, this parameter is used to differenciate them (create
logical colocated networks) and identify nodes belonging to the
same cell.
This parameter is only used for pre-802.11 hardware, the 802.11
protocol uses the ESSID and AP Address for this function.
With some cards, you may disable the Network ID checking (NWID promiscuous) with off (and on to reenable it).
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 nwid AB34
iwconfig eth0 nwid off
freq/channel
Set the operating frequency or channel in the device. A value
below 1000 indicates a channel number, a value greater than 1000 is a frequency in Hz. You may append the suffix k, M or G to the
value (for example, "2.46G" for 2.46 GHz frequency), or add
enough ’0’.
Channels are usually numbered starting at 1, and you may use
iwlist(8) to get the total number of channels, list the avail-
able frequencies, and display the current frequency as a chan-
nel. Depending on regulations, some frequencies/channels may not be available.
When using Managed mode, most often the Access Point dictates the channel and the driver may refuse the setting of the fre-
quency. In Ad-Hoc mode, the frequency setting may only be used at initial cell creation, and may be ignored when joining an
existing cell.
You may also use off or auto to let the card pick up the best
channel (when supported).
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 freq 2422000000
iwconfig eth0 freq 2.422G
iwconfig eth0 channel 3
iwconfig eth0 channel auto
sens
Set the sensitivity threshold. This is the lowest signal level
for which the hardware will consider receive packets usable.
Positive values are assumed to be the raw value used by the
hardware or a percentage, negative values are assumed to be dBm. Depending on the hardware implementation, this parameter may control various functions.
This parameter may control the receive threshold, the lowest
signal level for which the hardware attempts packet reception,
signals weaker than this are ignored. This may also controls the
defer threshold, the lowest signal level for which the hardware
considers the channel busy. Proper setting of those threshold
prevent the card to waste time receiving background noise. Mod-
ern designs seems to control those thresholds automatically.
On modern cards, this parameter may control handover/roaming threshold, the lowest signal level for which the hardware
remains associated with the current Access Point. When the sig-
nal level goes below this threshold the card starts looking for
a new/better Access Point.
Example :
iwconfig eth0 sens -80
mode
Set the operating mode of the device, which depends on the net-
work topology. The mode can be Ad-Hoc (network composed of only one cell and without Access Point), Managed (node connects to a network composed of many Access Points, with roaming), Master (the node is the synchronisation master or acts as an Access
Point), Repeater (the node forwards packets between other wire-
less nodes), Secondary (the node acts as a backup mas-
ter/repeater), Monitor (the node is not associated with any cell
and passively monitor all packets on the frequency) or Auto.
Example :
iwconfig eth0 mode Managed
iwconfig eth0 mode Ad-Hoc
ap
Force the card to register to the Access Point given by the
address, if it is possible. When the quality of the connection
goes too low, the driver may revert back to automatic mode (the
card selects the best Access Point in range).
You may also use off to re-enable automatic mode without chang- ing the current Access Point, or you may use any or auto to
force the card to reassociate with the currently best Access
Point.
Example :
iwconfig eth0 ap 00:60:1D:01:23:45
iwconfig eth0 ap any
iwconfig eth0 ap off
nick[name]
Set the nickname, or the station name. Some 802.11 products do
define it, but this is not used as far as the protocols (MAC,
IP, TCP) are concerned and completely useless as far as configu- ration goes. Only some diagnostic tools may use it.
Example :
iwconfig eth0 nickname "My Linux Node"
rate/bit[rate]
For cards supporting multiple bit rates, set the bit-rate in
b/s. The bit-rate is the speed at which bits are transmitted
over the medium, the user speed of the link is lower due to
medium sharing and various overhead.
You may append the suffix k, M or G to the value (decimal multi-
plier : 10^3, 10^6 and 10^9 b/s), or add enough ’0’. Values
below 1000 are card specific, usually an index in the bit-rate
list. Use auto to select automatic bit-rate mode (fallback to
lower rate on noisy channels), which is the default for most
cards, and fixed to revert back to fixed setting. If you specify
a bit-rate value and append auto, the driver will use all bit-
rates lower and equal than this value.
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 rate 11M
iwconfig eth0 rate auto
iwconfig eth0 rate 5.5M auto
rts[_threshold]
RTS/CTS adds a handshake before each packet transmission to make sure that the channel is clear. This adds overhead, but
increases performance in case of hidden nodes or a large number
of active nodes. This parameter sets the size of the smallest
packet for which the node sends RTS ; a value equal to the maxi-
mum packet size disables the mechanism. You may also set this
parameter to auto, fixed or off.
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 rts 250
iwconfig eth0 rts off
frag[mentation_threshold]
Fragmentation allows to split an IP packet in a burst of smaller
fragments transmitted on the medium. In most cases this adds
overhead, but in a very noisy environment this reduces the error
penalty and allow packets to get through interference bursts.
This parameter sets the maximum fragment size ; a value equal to
the maximum packet size disables the mechanism. You may also set
this parameter to auto, fixed or off.
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 frag 512
iwconfig eth0 frag off
key/enc[ryption]
Used to manipulate encryption or scrambling keys and security
mode.
To set the current encryption key, just enter the key in hex
digits as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX or XXXXXXXX. To set a key other than the current key, prepend or append [index] to the key
itself (this won’t change which is the active key). You can also
enter the key as an ASCII string by using the s: prefix.
Passphrase is currently not supported.
To change which key is the currently active key, just enter
[index] (without entering any key value).
off and on disable and reenable encryption.
The security mode may be open or restricted, and its meaning
depends on the card used. With most cards, in open mode no
authentication is used and the card may also accept non-
encrypted sessions, whereas in restricted mode only encrypted
sessions are accepted and the card will use authentication if
available.
If you need to set multiple keys, or set a key and change the
active key, you need to use multiple key directives. Arguments
can be put in any order, the last one will take precedence.
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 key 0123-4567-89
iwconfig eth0 key [3] 0123-4567-89
iwconfig eth0 key s:password [2]
iwconfig eth0 key [2]
iwconfig eth0 key open
iwconfig eth0 key off
iwconfig eth0 key restricted [3] 0123456789
iwconfig eth0 key 01-23 key 45-67 [4] key [4]
power
Used to manipulate power management scheme parameters and mode.
To set the period between wake ups, enter period ���value���. To set the timeout before going back to sleep, enter timeout
���value���. You can also add the min and max modifiers. By default, those values are in seconds, append the suffix m or u
to specify values in milliseconds or microseconds. Sometimes,
those values are without units (number of beacon periods, dwell
or similar).
off and on disable and reenable power management. Finally, you
may set the power management mode to all (receive all packets), unicast (receive unicast packets only, discard multicast and
broadcast) and multicast (receive multicast and broadcast only,
discard unicast packets).
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 power period 2
iwconfig eth0 power 500m unicast
iwconfig eth0 power timeout 300u all
iwconfig eth0 power off
iwconfig eth0 power min period 2 power max period 4
txpower
For cards supporting multiple transmit powers, sets the transmit
power in dBm. If W is the power in Watt, the power in dBm is P =
30 + 10.log(W). If the value is postfixed by mW, it will be
automatically converted to dBm.
In addition, on and off enable and disable the radio, and auto
and fixed enable and disable power control (if those features
are available).
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 txpower 15
iwconfig eth0 txpower 30mW
iwconfig eth0 txpower auto
iwconfig eth0 txpower off
retry
Most cards have MAC retransmissions, and some allow to set the
behaviour of the retry mechanism.
To set the maximum number of retries, enter limit ���value���. This is an absolute value (without unit). To set the maximum length
of time the MAC should retry, enter lifetime ���value���. By
defaults, this value in in seconds, append the suffix m or u to
specify values in milliseconds or microseconds.
You can also add the min and max modifiers. If the card supports
automatic mode, they define the bounds of the limit or lifetime.
Some other cards define different values depending on packet
size, for example in 802.11 min limit is the short retry limit
(non RTS/CTS packets).
Examples :
iwconfig eth0 retry 16
iwconfig eth0 retry lifetime 300m
iwconfig eth0 retry min limit 8
commit
Some cards may not apply changes done through Wireless Exten-
sions immediately (they may wait to aggregate the changes or
apply it only when the card is brought up via ifconfig). This
command (when available) forces the card to apply all pending
changes.
This is normally not needed, because the card will eventually
apply the changes, but can be useful for debugging.
DISPLAY
For each device which supports wireless extensions, iwconfig will dis-
play the name of the MAC protocol used (name of device for proprietary
protocols), the ESSID (Network Name), the NWID, the frequency (or chan-
nel), the sensitivity, the mode of operation, the Access Point address,
the bit-rate, the RTS threshold, the fragmentation threshold, the
encryption key and the power management settings (depending on avail-
ability).
The parameters displayed have the same meaning and values as the param-
eters you can set, please refer to the previous part for a detailed
explanation of them.
Some parameters are only displayed in short/abbreviated form (such as
encryption). You may use iwlist(8) to get all the details.
Some parameters have two modes (such as bitrate). If the value is pre-
fixed by ‘=’, it means that the parameter is fixed and forced to that
value, if it is prefixed by ‘:’, the parameter is in automatic mode and
the current value is shown (and may change).
Access Point/Cell
An address equal to 00:00:00:00:00:00 means that the card failed
to associate with an Access Point (most likely a configuration
issue). The Access Point parameter will be shown as Cell in ad-
hoc mode (for obvious reasons), but otherwise works the same.
If /proc/net/wireless exists, iwconfig will also display its content.
Note that those values will depend on the driver and the hardware
specifics, so you need to refer to your driver documentation for proper
interpretation of those values.
Link quality
Overall quality of the link. May be based on the level of con-
tention or interference, the bit or frame error rate, how good
the received signal is, some timing synchronisation, or other
hardware metric. This is an aggregate value, and depends totally
on the driver and hardware.
链路的整体素质。

可以基于争⽤或⼲扰电平，⽐特或帧误差率，接收到的信号有多好，⼀些定时同步，或其它硬件度量。

这是⼀个总价值，并完全依赖于驱动程序和硬件。

Signal level
Received signal strength (RSSI - how strong the received signal
is). May be arbitrary units or dBm, iwconfig uses driver meta
information to interpret the raw value given by /proc/net/wire-
less and display the proper unit or maximum value (using 8 bit
arithmetic). In Ad-Hoc mode, this may be undefined and you
should use iwspy.
接收信号强
度（RSSI - 接收到的信号有多强）。

可
以是任意的单位或dBm，使⽤iwconfig的驱动程序的元信
息来解释了的/ proc/⽹络/⽆
线给出的原始值，并显⽰正确的单位或（使⽤8位算
术）的最⼤值。

在Ad-Hoc模式，这可能是不确定的，你应该使⽤iwspy。

Noise level
Background noise level (when no packet is transmitted). Similar
comments as for Signal level.
Rx invalid nwid
Number of packets received with a different NWID or ESSID. Used
to detect configuration problems or adjacent network existence
(on the same frequency).
收到不同的NWID或ESSID的数据包数。

⽤于检测配置有问题或相
邻⽹络的存在（在同⼀频率上）。

Rx invalid crypt
Number of packets that the hardware was unable to decrypt. This
can be used to detect invalid encryption settings.
报⽂，
该硬件是⽆法解密的次
数。

这可⽤于检测⽆效的
加密设置。

Rx invalid frag
Number of packets for which the hardware was not able to prop-
erly re-assemble the link layer fragments (most likely one was
missing).
数据包的硬件⽆法正确地重新组
装链路层的分⽚数（最有可能的⼀⼈失踪）。

Tx excessive retries
Number of packets that the hardware failed to deliver. Most MAC
protocols will retry the packet a number of times before giving
up.
数据包的硬件没有交付的数量。

最MAC 协议放弃之前将重试数据包的次数。

Invalid misc
Other packets lost in relation with specific wireless operations.
其他的数据包与特定的⽆线业务关系丢失。

Missed beacon
Number of periodic beacons from the Cell or the Access Point we
have missed. Beacons are sent at regular intervals to maintain the cell coordination, failure to receive them usually indicates that the card is out of range.
从细胞或接⼊点，我们已经错过了周
期性的信标数。

信标会定期发
送到维持细胞的协调，未
能收到他们通常表⽰该卡是超出范围。

AUTHOR
Jean Tourrilhes - jt@
FILES
/proc/net/wireless。