四级阅读基础长难句篇
英语专四阅读长难句分析
2013 TEXTA
【译文】2009 年12 月各国领导人在哥本哈 根会晤时，活动家们的劝导性话语鼓励他们 投身于更加坚定的行动中。
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Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their
2013 TEXTA
Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for 01 t h e i r c on t r ib u ti on c a n b e comfБайду номын сангаасrting.
2013 TEXTA
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panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.
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【分析】本句为因果关系并列句。第一个分句位于so 前，主干为：
Informative speeches ...helped people to keep their
【译文】或者你有可能被要求在家庭活动中去 介绍一名发言者，也可能被要求在婚礼上发言， 在这些场合你的语言需要感动在场的人或使他 们开怀大笑。
• 【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句为 persuasive words ... encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action。 其中from activists 作后置定语修饰words。 When 引导时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语 encouraged 发生的时间。
2024年英语四级真题长难句解析
9、Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. (2008年12月)
本句为简单句，主干为This guidance eliminated the need…and avoided confrontation…。eyeing the same parking space为现在分词作后置定语，修饰those。
这些引导消除了顾客在停车场无尽地兜圈子的必要，而且避免了顾客之间因抢占空车位而引发的冲突。
5、We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world.
本句为复合句。主句为We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices。that 引导定语从句，修饰 choices，that 在从句中作主语。to make choices 作 opportunity 的定语。
10、“Retailers who’re ponsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. (2008年12月)
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析(3)
1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 2)【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。
【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的主干。
很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but 后的句子that is nonetheless the case是简单句。
but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。
最后主句主语the notion有that引导的定语从句修饰。
2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 3)【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。
【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。
四级阅读长难句100句
长难句结构分析最新经典一百句1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
历年四级阅读长难句100
历年四级阅读长难句1001. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.2. There is another conversation, which from our point of view is equally important, and that has to do not with what is read but with how it is read.3. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.4. The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.5. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.6. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all his answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.7. Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses inorder to graduate, and each course, which he attends, gives him a credit, which he may count towards a degree.8. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.9. A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC’s research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC’s scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.10. Mr.Gretz calculates that solar energy only provided three percent of the EEC’s needs; this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year.11. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.12. Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble”when the display came on.13. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.14. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.15. When children understand that the light of the lighting flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash to learn how close they were to the actual spark.16. Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom.17. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients- even when those patients are their parents.18. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different form others.19. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.20. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.21. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure.22. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.23. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.24. A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther westward.25. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.26. People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in.27. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums,devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade.28. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Community’s future energy needs.29. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation.30. The sight of Barney Clark- alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal and plastic pump- convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived.31. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.32. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.33. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.34. Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea.”35. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process.36. For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies- andother creatures- learn to do things because certain cats lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true.37. But is used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives”as thirst or hunger.38. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role.39. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.40. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.41. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings.42. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds.43. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance based points towards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.44. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection madepermanent and reliable.45. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them.46. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers.47. Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.48. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing.49. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?50. We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if theamount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning.51. Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand.52. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.53. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor.54. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.55. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.56. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.57. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.58. It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a time challenges explanation.59. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they areinside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.60. What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.61. The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community’s solar energy program, Mr.Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per cent of the C ommunity’s energy requirements even after the year 2000.62. It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned.63. Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.64. It is said that the Englishman objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.65. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on.66. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.67. There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.68. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.69. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right.70. However, even though we mentioned the fact growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.71. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.72. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.73. But some people are already worried that they’ll work- and that America’s overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients.74. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on”a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns one side.75. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights, which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.76. Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received through his lifetime.77. Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to fide out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well.78. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of theoceans?”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.79. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.80. One problem with two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves.81. The reason these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves.82. “The point is, you need to do both”, Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”83. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage- a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.84. The most you can say about anyone’s preference is that it’s one person’s opinion. These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.85. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat.86. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it isnot difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa.87. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways.88. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.89. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports.90. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.91. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.92. After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage can death toll could have been much worse.93. On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’warnings, left work tomarch from Union Square up Fifth Avenue to 42 Street.94. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah.95. In short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right.96. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster.97. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.98. The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger.99. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.100. Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.。
(全)大学英语四级真题,阅读理解长难句拆解+翻译
大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句拆解+翻译Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums.发布到线上论坛之前，Goel和他的团队研发了好几个版本的Jill Watson.词法：release：计算机领域指发布代码，编译程序等。
forum此处指在线课程论坛。
句法：主句是简单的主语，谓语，宾语，before后面的动宾状结构。
翻译要点：汉语中状语前置。
逻辑整理：第一段，概况了问题，及解决方法。
本段，详细描述解决问题的整个过程。
这一段是说明文中典型的说明程序步骤过程的说明文。
存在着潜在的先后顺序关系。
At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great.起初，虚拟助手不太理想。
词法：at first ,一般理解是首先，但是实际首先，一般指最初，不完美的状态，暗指后来的变化。
逻辑整理：详细描述过程。
But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. 但是，Goel和他的团队查阅了最初的讨论论坛，找到40000个课程开课以来提出的问题。
词法：重点是source用作动词，指的是查找源头的意思，可以不能直接翻译，否则无法将意思表达明白。
另外，launch是启动计算机课程的意思。
句法：主语，谓语，宾语之后，是to do引导的目的状语，to do 后面的名词作宾语，其后又出现了定语从句，定语从句之后，又出现了since引导的简单时间状语从句。
翻译要领：不要简单的单词对译，要结合上下文的语境。
大学英语四级阅读高分长难句解析
大学英语四级阅读高分长难句解析大学英语四级阅读高分长难句解析导读：对于英语四级阅读来说,最难理解的就是长难句,其实长难句这个难关过了,英语四级阅读要拿高分还是很轻松的,现在我们就来逐一攻破英语四级阅读理解长难句吧!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!In 2003, when Cambridge Universityappointed Alison Richard, another former Yaleprovost, as its vice-chancellor, the universitypublicly stressed that in her previous job shehad overseen a major strengthening of Yale'sfinancial position.英语四级原文译文：2003年，剑桥大学聘请了另一位耶鲁大学前教务长艾利森·理查德担任副校长、并公开强调，在她之前的工作中，在她的监管下，“耶鲁大学的财政状况得到了极大的巩固”。
四级词汇讲解：本句的主干是university stressed that。
In 2003为句子的时间状语，when CambridgeUniversity appointed...as its vice-chancellor为句子的时间状语从句，其中another formerYale provost为宾语Alison Richard的同位语，as its vice-chancellor为宾语补足语;that引导的是stressed的宾语从句。
appoint sb. as sth.的意思是“任命某人做某工作或担任某职位”。
如：They have appointed Thomas as the manager.他们已经任命托马斯为经理。
stress意为“强调”。
如：The conference stressed the social problem.本次会议强调社会问题。
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析
【分析】本句为复合句。
主句主干为 DL signifies a course。
主句中的”in which引导定语从句，对course进展解释说明，其中instructors 和students是并列成分。
While意为虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句;从句中的offered 为过去分词做后置定语，修饰instruction。
【译文】虽然各个大学供应的网络课程不尽一样，但是远程教学通常会把课程公开，教师会把课程大纲、阅读任务和课程安排上传到网站上，学生们则通过电子邮件提交作业。
2. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales.
【分析】本句为简洁句。
句子主干为I offered suggestions。
Telling myself hall为伴随状语，that引导宾语从句;guiding the young writer across the hall为现在分词作后置定语，修饰writer。
that 后的从句可改写为I was merely an experienced writer who are guiding the young writer across the hall。
【译文】我一次次地告诫自己，这只是一个有些阅历的作家在指导一个小作家成长而已，关于她的故事中的人物、冲突和结尾我都供应了一些
建议。
大学英语四级长难句精选汇
英语四级长难句精选汇（一）1)I was scared of leaving the protective bubble of this place for places unknown , during uncertain economic times .在经济不稳定的年代，我害怕离开这里的保护罩到未知的地方去。
2)You are the only one who can answer that ， But what I can offer as guidance ,and reassurance ,is a story :the story of one Stanford graduate’s process of stumbling and searching to find a place in the world ,oftentimes in the face of her fears.你是仅仅一个可以回答这个问题的人，但是我能够讲一个故事为你提供引导使你放心：这是一位斯坦福大学毕业生在社会上摸爬滚打以争得一席之地的故事,尽管她一直面对恐惧.3)The philosophics and ideologies themselves certainly left an impression on me .But the rigor of the distillation process ,the exercise of refinement ,that’s where the real learning happened。
这些哲理和思想的确给我留下了深刻印象,但严谨的提炼过程和不断的改进加工才是我真正学习到的东西。
4)When you graduate from here ，you exit with thousands of pages of personal text on which are inscribed beliefs and values shaped by years of education ,family interactions ，relationship ,experience 。
(全)大学英语四级真题,阅读理解长难句解析+翻译
大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句解析+翻译大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句，逐句解析。
Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence.乔治亚理工大学的Ashok Goel教授研发人工智能助教，以回答网课Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence上学生大量的问题。
大学英语四级长难句解析本句词法：help后出现了省略to的动词原形。
句法：本句只有主语，谓语，宾语，但是to help 后出现了动宾结构作宾语，其后，又有状语，故而将句子长度增加。
语义提取：注意，课程名称不必重新占用句子成分。
逻辑推理：本句位于文章之首，并非观点，而是描述事实，所以本文题材可以确定是说明文。
四级中说明文一般与解决问题相结合，提出问题，解决方法，是这类题目的重点。
本句，作用是交代背景。
This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program.在计算机科学课程中，这个网课是在线理科研究生的核心必修课。
2019年12月大学四级真题本句词法：of前面是名词，后面也是名词，整个是一个成分，虽然距离很长，但是作用简单。
句法：本句是简单句，只有主语谓语宾语。
语义提取：汉语状语前置。
逻辑推理：交代背景细节。
说明此课程的重要性。
Professor Goel already had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from students. Goel教授已经有8个助教，但是不足以回复学生提出的大量问题。
全国大学英语四级考试阅读理解长难句分析汇总 (1)
1. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. （2006.6.Passage One)句子切割：The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found / that people are twice as likely to tell lies / in phone conversations as they are in emails.翻译：相比较一系列通讯媒介中诚信的问题，第一个研究发现人们在电话交谈中撒谎的可能性是在电子邮件中撒谎可能性的两倍。
重点词汇：Honesty：诚实a range of：一系列Conversation：交谈；对话2. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.（2006.6.Passage One)句子切割：In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges / they had lasting more than 10 minutes, / and confessed to how many lies they told.翻译：在这个日志里面，他们记录下十分钟以上的谈话以及电子邮件的数量，然后承认他们撒了多少谎。
大学英语四级阅读长难句分析
大学英语四级阅读长难句分析1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scott Hahn says…。
high-quality sustainable…find为says的宾语。
which引导的非限制性定语从句which uses all-organic cotton修饰的是Rogan and Loomstate。
cofounder with Gregory为Scott Hahn的同位语。
【译文】Scott Hahn与Gregory同为使用全有机棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。
2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,”he says.【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Most designers…are finding…。
there aren’t…used to为省略了that的宾语从句。
that引导的定语从句that can just replace…修饰fabrics。
what引导的两个宾语从句what you’re doing和what your customers are used to作replace的宾语。
【译文】他说，“大多数现有品牌设计师发现，并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。
四级阅读及长难句分析-12.16
• 4. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.
• [A] it should be eliminated • [B]it counts much in schooling • [C]it places extra burdens on teachers • [D]it is important for grades
Critics make three main arguments against gene patents：a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing
• 5. A suitable title for this text could be______.
• [A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
• [B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students • [C] A Faulty Approach to Homework • [D] Thorny Questions about Educational
Policy
Text 2
直至核心的， 十足的
(1) In 2010. a federal judge shook America‘s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated（烦躁不安）. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.
四级真题英语阅读长难句分析
四级真题英语阅读长难句分析四级真题英语阅读长难句分析1. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】鲍姆认为，哈密顿和其他人最近的决定可能就是“一种迹象表明人们开始意识到存在一种破坏性竞争”。
他是最近一项大学调查报告的组织者之一，这项报告引发了人们对并非基于需要的制度性经济援助的关心。
【析句】复合句。
主干是Baum says+宾语从句，也就是Baum 说话的内容。
宾语从句的主句是Recent decisions may be "a sign that are starting to realize that there is this destructive competition...", 引号内包含两个从句，that引导定语从句修饰a sign, realize后是that引导的宾语从句。
最后，co-author of a recent College Report作Baum的同位语，that raises concerns about...是College Report的定语从句。
2. “No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】"任何人都不能采取单方面的行动。
(全)大学英语四级真题,阅读理解长难句解析+翻译
大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句解析+翻译大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句，逐句解析。
Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence.乔治亚理工大学的Ashok Goel教授研发人工智能助教，以回答网课Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence上学生大量的问题。
大学英语四级长难句解析本句词法：help后出现了省略to的动词原形。
句法：本句只有主语，谓语，宾语，但是to help 后出现了动宾结构作宾语，其后，又有状语，故而将句子长度增加。
语义提取：注意，课程名称不必重新占用句子成分。
逻辑推理：本句位于文章之首，并非观点，而是描述事实，所以本文题材可以确定是说明文。
四级中说明文一般与解决问题相结合，提出问题，解决方法，是这类题目的重点。
本句，作用是交代背景。
This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program.在计算机科学课程中，这个网课是在线理科研究生的核心必修课。
2019年12月大学四级真题本句词法：of前面是名词，后面也是名词，整个是一个成分，虽然距离很长，但是作用简单。
句法：本句是简单句，只有主语谓语宾语。
语义提取：汉语状语前置。
逻辑推理：交代背景细节。
说明此课程的重要性。
Professor Goel already had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from students. Goel教授已经有8个助教，但是不足以回复学生提出的大量问题。
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四级阅读基础长难句篇一、英语语法概述二、标点符号的作用一、英语语法概述二、标点符号的作用语法知识运用阅读文章意思语法和词汇自己的意思作文词汇语法是语言的规律。
英语语法概述语法一、英语语法概述二、标点符号的作用（讲义P82）◆两逗号间成分为插入语◆例1: 2006-6，◆In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come work and live◆两逗号间成分为插入语◆例1: 2006-6，◆In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come work and live1.逗号◆例2：2006-12◆Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America.1.逗号◆例2：2006-12◆Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America.2.破折号◆（1）补充说明◆例1. 2006-6 text 2◆On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14-raids on2.破折号◆（1）补充说明容易出考点，看懂A或B即可◆例2. 2006-12 text2As we have medical care infrom curingespecially inunhealthy◆62.T oday medical care is placing more stress on ______.◆A）keeping people in a healthy physical condition ◆◆◆◆62.T oday medical care is placing more stress on ______.◆A）keeping people in a healthy physical condition ◆◆C）removing people’s bad living habits◆2.破折号◆（2）两破折号中间为插入语插入语可跳原则◆例1. 2006-6，◆The fact that emails are automatically recorded—andappears to be2.破折号◆（2）两破折号中间为插入语插入语可跳原则◆例1. 2006-6，◆The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt （困扰）you appears to be3.冒号◆进一步解释说明前句中的事物或现象◆例1：2009-6◆This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buycotton at higher prices, thus3.冒号◆进一步解释说明前句中的事物或现象◆例2：2008-6◆But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.3.冒号◆进一步解释说明前句中的事物或现象◆例2：2008-6◆66.According to the passage, privacy is like health in◆people will make every effort to keep it◆◆◆3.冒号◆进一步解释说明前句中的事物或现象◆例2：2008-6◆66.According to the passage, privacy is like health in◆people will make every effort to keep it◆◆◆D）people don’t cherish it until they lose it4.分号◆语义并列或结构并列◆例1. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved5. 引号◆（1）反讽◆例1. 2006-12 text 2◆The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguishednot ill”and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention5. 引号◆（2）引用---容易出考点，答案往往为引用内容的同义表述◆例1. 2009-6 text1◆sustainable clothes,shemost consumers,◆60.What is Natalieecofashion?◆A）She doesn’t seem to care about it.◆B）She doesn’t think it is sustainable.◆C）She is doubtful of its practical value.◆She is very much opposed to the idea.◆60.What is Natalieecofashion?◆A）She doesn’t seem to care about it.◆B）She doesn’t think it is sustainable.◆C）She is doubtful of its practical value.◆She is very much opposed to the idea.5. 引号◆（3）对表面意思的引申容易出词汇题，答案为前文内容的总结◆例1. The other great frustration is that it has noteliminated insecurity. People regard job stabilityas part of their standard of living. As corporatelayoffs increased, that part has eroded. Morethe disposable◆55. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American(Line 3, Para. 5)?◆A) Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.◆B) People full of utopian ideas resulting from ◆C) People who have little say in American◆◆55. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American(Line 3, Para. 5)?◆A) Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.◆B) People full of utopian ideas resulting from ◆C) People who have little say in American◆D) Workers who no longer have secure jobs.6.括号◆对前文内容的解释说明◆例1.◆In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting一、英语语法概述二、标点符号的作用三、词法对于关联词的理解◆常见的关联词◆表递进moreover, in addition, what is more，furthermore, also, then, besides, etc.◆however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the ◆like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the◆表示时间顺序的过渡词：before，after，afterwards，，soon，next，in a few days finally等。
◆:for example, namely, for instance, as an四级中易出考点的关联词◆转折处◆显性转折◆表转折however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the隐性转折◆There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.◆看不见的◆◆Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.◆It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years —yet the BBC's future is now in doubt.Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.熟词僻义1. She almost cried when she saw the arms arms.arm n.2. John got fired for playing with fire.约翰因为玩火被解雇了fire3. He milked twenty gallons of milk from the dairy他从那家牛奶厂敲诈了加仑牛奶4. From the sound of your heart, you’re in sound从你心脏的声音判断，你是健康的sound◆1.划竖线初步断开句子结构◆拆出主干，分清修饰◆断句点：连词，引导词，介词，分词，◆2. 写汉字初步了解小句子结构的意思◆◆3. 连句子把每两个小节连接为通顺的句子，这时候需要把一些不通顺的词语替换掉，◆4. 读译文◆◆◆(2011年12月◆Boys'schools teach young men to express more likely to getdance and music,◆(2011年12月◆①Boys’schools//to teach young men③//to//and are moresuch as art,dancereleased today.◆(2011年12月◆①Boys’schools◆男生学校是个完美的地方◆(2011年12月◆②to teach young ◆来教会年轻男性◆◆◆(2011年12月◆③to express◆表达他们的感情◆◆◆(2011年12月◆④and are more ◆并且更有可能涉及◆◆。