神经内科出科考核(英文)

住院医师出科试题（神经内科）

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一、英译中（70分）：

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the United states and the most common disabling neurologic disorder.About 750,000 new strokes occur and about 150,000 people die from stroke in the United states each year.The incidence increases with age,with about two-thirds of all strokes occuring in those over age 65 years,and is somewhat higher in men than in women and in African-Amerricans than in whites.Risk factors for stroke include systolic or diastolic hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,cigarette smoking,heavy alcohol consumption,and oral contraceptive use. The incidence of stroke has decreased in recent decades, largely because of improved treatment of hypertension.

Stroke is a syndrome characterized by the acute onset of a neurologic deficit that persists for at least 24 hours,reflects focal involvement of the central nervous system,and is the result of a disturbance of the cerebral circulation. The acute onset and subsequent duration of symptoms are documented by the history. The site of central nervous system involvement is suggested by the nature of the symptoms.It is delineated more precisely by the neurologic examination and confirmed by imaging studies[computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)].A vascular etiology may be inferred form the acute onset of symptoms and often from the patient’s age, the presence of risk factors for stroke,and the occurrence of symptoms and signs referable to the territory of a particular cerebral blood vessel.When this is confirmed by imaging studies,further investigations can be undertaken to identify a specific cause.

Rest tremor usually has a frequency of 4-6Hz and is characteristic of parkinsonism whether the disorder is idiopathic or secondary(ie.postencephalitic,toxic,or drug-induced in origin).The rate of the tremor,its relationship to activity,and the presence of rigidity or hypokinesia usually distinguish the tremor of parkinsonism from other forms of tremor.Tremor in the hands may appear as a “pill-rolling” maneuver—thythmic,opposing circular movements of the thumb and index finger. There may be alternating flexion and extension of the fingers or hand, or alternating pronation and supination of the forearm;in the feet,rhythmic alternating flexion and extension are common.

二、中译英（30分）

纯运动性轻偏瘫—面部、上肢和下肢受累程度相同，但无感觉、视觉或言语障碍。如果示腔梗所致，病变常位于对侧内囊或桥脑。纯运动性轻偏瘫也可由颈内动脉或大脑中动脉闭塞、硬膜下血肿或颅内占位性病变引起。