高三语法复习专题 定语从句(一)

高三语法复习专题定语从句（一）【学习目标】1.熟练指出定语从句的相关术语2.只能用that，which的情况。

3.准确选择关系代词或关系副词。

4.掌握介词+which的情况。

预习案Previewing case［典例分析］She is the girl who likes singing.主句 ;从句 ;先行词 ;关系代词 ;〔了解几个基本含义〕①定语从句的定义：一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫做定语从句。

根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和间隔式定语从句。

限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，若去掉它，先行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，因此，限制性定语从句和它的先行词所指意义有着不可分割的联系，不能用逗号将其与先行词隔开。

如：The old woman has two daughters who work in the same company.非限制性定语从句对先行词获主句起补充说明的作用，即使删去也不影响主句的语义完整。

非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。

如：Yesterday, my boss left for Paris, where he had stayed for five years.间隔式定语从句是指为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分离的定语从句。

如：The actor entered the hall who had just sang several pop songs.②先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、词组或代词成为先行词。

③关系词的作用：既代替前面的先行词在句子里担当一定的句子成分，又把两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。

〈举一反三〉请找出下列所给句子的先行词以及关系代词，并猜想关系代词/关系副词的作用。

用“”表示先行词；“”表示关系代词，并完成表格。

1.The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.2.The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.3.She lives in a house whose windows faces south.4.Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?5.I have never heard such stories as he tells.6.I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.7.I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.8.Tell me the reason why you came late.属性指代在从句中所作的成分省略情况关系代词who 人主语、宾语作宾语时可省略whomwhichthataswhose关系副词wherewhenwhy探究案Exploring case探究一先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，何时用when, where, why引导定语从句，何时用which/that引导定语从句?1.This is the house _______he lived 10 years ago.2.This is the house_______ he bought 10 years ago.3.I will never forget the day _______ I joined the army.4.I will never forget the day ________ I spent with you in Beijing.5.I don’t believed the reason _______ he was late for school.6.I d on’t believed the reason _______ he gave me for his absence.归纳：________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________。

注意：当先行词是situation, case, stage, position, point且又在从句中作状语时，常关系副词where来引导定语从句。

当先行词作从句的主语或宾语时，则用which/that来引导定从。

高考真题：1. I have reached a point in my life _______ I am supposed to make decision of my own.2.--- Do you have anything to say for yourself ?----- Yes, there is one point _______ we must insist on.探究二“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句（一）关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，为了使介宾关系紧密，常把介词提至关系代词之前，构成介词+关系代词+定从这样的结构1. The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.＝The school_________________ he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

2.This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.＝This is the boy _________________I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。

（二）定语从句中介词的使用取决于句子意义的需要，或取决于句中动词、形容词、副词与介词的搭配。

练习：请用适当的介词填空，使句子的意义通顺、完整。

1. She bought a cellphone, ______which she spent over 1,000 dollars.2. The gas ________ which we cannot live is called oxygen.【温馨提示】1、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用__________，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用________，不可用t hat。

关系代词是所有格时用___________。

2、有些“介词+which”短语，如look at, look after, call on, care for, deal with, hear from, take care of 等，如果将介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。

My youngest brother, whom I have to look after, is very lovely.3、介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。

如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.（有些同学在写作中会写both of them , 为什么不行？）In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.练习：根据提示完成句子The old man has two sons, neither of is a soldier.（两个都不是士兵）探究三还记得哪些情况只能用that,哪些情况只能用which 吗？例句：归纳：1、The first English novel that I read was A Tale of TwoCities by Charles Dickens.2、Everything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us.3、We were talking about the persons and things that weremembered in our school.4、It is the very skirt that suits me well.5、The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt.6、He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helpedher a lot.练习：1.All _________ is needed is money.2.The thief handed everything _________ he had stolen to the police.3.He was looking pleasantly at the kids and presents________ filled his car.4.Which are books __________you bought for me?5.She failed the exam, _______ made her parents very angry.6.My glasses, without________ ,I was like a blind man.7.He is the only boy _________ entered the Beijing University in Peicai.训练案Exercise一、请用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。

1.That's the kind woman ___________takes care of the children.2.The nurse is speaking to the woman _______daughter is badly ill.3.The trees__________ we planted five years ago have grown very big.4.They walked up to a house __________had a red door.5.Do you work in the building ________color is yellow?6.He is not the person ______________I am looking for.7. The only thing ______________ we can do is to give you some encouragement.8. Let’s find a place _________we can set up our tents.9. This is the place ________ I love a lot.10. The reason ______ she was ill was that she had eaten too much.二、语法填空。