China threat theory

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2019新人教版高二英语选择性必修二全册课文英文与汉语翻译Word(英汉对照)

Reading and ThinkingJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “ KING CHOLERA”约输•斯诺战胜“霍乱王”Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor. John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。

它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。

十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。

由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。

后来，他成了一位名医。

甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。

然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。

中国对人工智能的担忧失业问题的英语作文

中国对人工智能的担忧失业问题的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1China's AI Job Loss Fears: A Student's PerspectiveAs a university student in China, the rapid development of artificial intelligence is both exhilarating and concerning. On one hand, the incredible potential of AI to revolutionize industries, streamline processes, and unlock new realms of innovation is undeniably exciting. However, the flip side of this technological marvel has left many of my peers and I grappling with a looming sense of uncertainty – the fear of being rendered obsolete in the job market by increasingly capable AI systems.This apprehension is not unfounded. China, with its massive population and labor force, stands to be profoundly impacted by the widespread adoption of AI across various sectors. The allure of AI lies in its ability to perform tasks with unparalleled efficiency, accuracy, and consistency, often surpassing human capabilities. From manufacturing and logistics to finance and healthcare, AI algorithms are rapidly encroaching upon domains traditionally dominated by human workers.The Chinese government has acknowledged these concerns, with President Xi Jinping urging the nation to brace for potential employment challenges posed by AI. Policy makers and industry leaders are grappling with the intricate balance between embracing technological progress and mitigating the socioeconomic repercussions of job displacement.As students, we find ourselves at the crux of this dilemma. Our education and career prospects are inextricably linked to the evolving job landscape, which is being reshaped by AI's relentless march. The fear of our hard-earned degrees becoming obsolete or facing diminished job opportunities is a constant source of anxiety.Consider the field of translation, for instance. Machine translation systems, powered by deep learning algorithms and vast language corpora, are increasingly capable of rendering human translators redundant in certain contexts. As an English major, the prospect of AI encroaching upon this profession is particularly unsettling.Similarly, industries like manufacturing, once bastions of human labor, are rapidly automating with the integration of robotics and AI-driven systems. The allure of increased efficiency and cost savings is prompting many Chinese companies toembrace these technologies, potentially displacing millions of factory workers in the process.Even the realm of creative endeavors, long considered a human bastion, is not immune to AI's encroachment. Generative AI models can now produce art, music, and written content that rivals human creativity, posing a threat to artists, musicians, and writers alike.Amidst these concerns, some argue that AI will create new job opportunities in fields such as AI development, data analysis, and robotics maintenance. However, the skills required for these emerging roles may not align with the educational backgrounds of many current students, exacerbating the job market mismatch.Furthermore, the pace of AI adoption and job displacement may outstrip the ability of educational institutions and policymakers to adapt curricula and reskilling programs, leaving many ill-prepared for the AI-driven workforce.It is essential to acknowledge that these concerns transcend individual career prospects and have far-reaching societal implications. Widespread job losses due to AI could exacerbate income inequality, social unrest, and a widening wealth gap, particularly in a densely populated nation like China.As students, we understand the imperative of embracing technological progress while safeguarding the well-being of the workforce. We call upon policymakers, educators, and industry leaders to proactively address these challenges through amulti-pronged approach.Firstly, educational reforms are crucial to equip the next generation with the skills necessary to thrive in an AI-driven economy. Curriculums must evolve to emphasize interdisciplinary knowledge, critical thinking, and adaptability –traits that will remain valuable as AI automates routine tasks. Fostering a lifelong learning mindset and promoting reskilling initiatives will be pivotal in ensuring a smooth transition for workers whose jobs are impacted by AI.Secondly, a robust social safety net and worker retraining programs are essential to cushion the blow of job displacement and facilitate the transition to new employment opportunities. Initiatives such as unemployment benefits, job placement assistance, and vocational training can mitigate the adverse socioeconomic consequences of AI-driven job losses.Thirdly, regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines must be established to govern the responsible development and deployment of AI systems. Ensuring transparency, accountability,and adherence to ethical principles can help alleviate concerns about AI's impact on employment while promoting public trust in these technologies.Additionally, encouraging public-private partnerships and fostering an environment conducive to entrepreneurship and innovation could catalyze the creation of new job opportunities in AI-adjacent fields, counterbalancing the job losses in traditional sectors.Ultimately, the path forward lies in striking a delicate balance between embracing the transformative potential of AI and proactively mitigating its disruptive impact on the job market. By addressing these concerns through a collaborative,multi-stakeholder approach, China can navigate the AI revolution while safeguarding the interests and well-being of its workforce, including the students who represent the nation's future.As students, we remain hopeful that with foresight, prudent policymaking, and a commitment to lifelong learning, we can harness the power of AI while minimizing its detrimental effects on employment. The challenges are formidable, but the rewards of a harmonious integration of AI into the workforce could usher in a new era of prosperity and progress for China and its people.篇2China's Concerns About AI-Driven Job LossesArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing and being integrated into more industries and aspects of life. While AI offers immense potential benefits, there are also valid fears about the technology's disruptive impact on employment. As a university student in China, I am acutely aware of my country's concerns surrounding AI-driven job displacement.China has the world's largest population at nearly 1.4 billion people. Maintaining economic growth and plentiful job opportunities for this massive workforce is a monumental challenge. Any threats to employment need to be taken seriously. AI undoubtedly poses such a threat in the coming decades as the technology grows more sophisticated and capable across multiple sectors.Manufacturing has long been an economic pillar and major employer in China. However, factories are increasingly automating production lines by installing industrial robots and AI systems to monitor operations. Global companies like Foxconn have already fired human workers in favor of machines at their Chinese facilities. While increasing factory productivity,the AI automation trend puts millions of Chinese manufacturing jobs at risk of becoming obsolete.Furthermore, AI could make white-collar office jobs also vulnerable to automation. AI language models can already generate human-like writing, reports, emails, and more. They can parse legal documents, analyze data, give financial advice, answer questions on almost any topic, and complete other knowledge work tasks traditionally performed by educated professionals. As this technology improves, it raises existential fears for many of China's graduates entering fields like law, finance, consulting, journalism, and marketing.The service sector likewise faces threats from advanced AI that could automate roles like customer service, food service, delivery work, and transportation. Self-driving vehicles powered by AI could eventually replace human drivers across industries. Even creative fields like art and music composition are seeing AI make impressive strides through tools like DALL-E for image generation and Dance Diffusion for choreography creation.Given AI's disruptive potential across so many industries, addressing the displacement of human workers is one of the greatest socioeconomic challenges facing China. If not handled properly, severe unemployment caused by AI automation couldspark social unrest, political turmoil, and an overall decline in economic prosperity and living standards for the Chinese people.The Chinese government understands these risks and has been studying and strategizing around AI's impact on jobs. In recent years, Beijing has published policy guidelines emphasizing the need for AI development to create jobs as well as replace them. The policies call for sectors able to effectively integrate human workers and AI to support employment and economic growth.However, many experts are skeptical that this goal can truly be achieved given the relentless pace of AI capabilities expanding across diverse fields. History shows that while new jobs emerge during industrial revolutions, employment transitions are severely disrupted in the short-to-medium term as human labor is made obsolete and redundant.Prominent Chinese AI scientists and researchers have sounded the alarm on this issue as well. For example, Kai-Fu Lee, a pioneering AI researcher and venture capitalist, has warned repeatedly that AI systems will increasingly replace humans across multiple blue-collar and white-collar job categories. He advocates providing widespread re-training programs andpursuing a human-AI collaboration model rather than automating all human work.On university campuses across China, there is palpable anxiety among students regarding AI's potential to limit future career opportunities. Many young people feel growing uncertainty about which majors and jobs will remain viable as AI encroaches into more fields traditionally filled by human workers.Personally, I vacillate between being awed by AI's amazing capabilities and being terrified of what its progression means for my generation's job prospects and long-term economic security. When considering potential career paths, I find myself studying AI employment projection reports perhaps more intensely than my coursework itself.Hearing the perspectives of professors and guest speakers on this issue yields a wide spectrum of opinions and advice. Some firmly believe that human ingenuity, empathy, and creative thinking will always provide value that AI cannot match. Pursuing roles that leverage these unique human traits is their recommendation.Others, however, adopt a more alarmist viewpoint. They argue that continued AI breakthroughs will eventually automateeven roles relying on cognitive skills once believed to be exclusively human capabilities. Under this scenario, perhaps only the small portion of society directly working in AI development would be virtually immune from obsolescence.So where does this leave China's youth in planning for our professional futures? There are no easy answers. Clearly, developing skill-sets and pursuing careers intersecting with AI technologies offers some degree of job security. However, that is little solace given the immense scope of AI's disruption washing over industry after industry.The employment quandary posed by AI requiresmulti-pronged solutions. Policies must be implemented to support displaced workers through re-training programs, universal basic income, subsidized education opportunities, and other societal benefits. Having one's livelihood and purpose tied solely to a job or career eventually made obsolete by machines is an incredibly demoralizing prospect that society cannot ignore.AI governance and ethical development frameworks are essential as well to ensure advancement of the technology proceeds in a manner benefiting humanity rather than imperiling our labor force and socioeconomic fabric. Global cooperationand alignment on AI ethics will be crucial as the technology impacts every nation and culture.Additionally, curricula and pedagogical approaches from childhood through higher education must evolve to prepare future generations for an AI-driven world. Science, technology, engineering, creativity, emotional intelligence, critical thinking, and multi-disciplinary learning should all be reinforced. Understanding and collaborating with AI systems will be vital skillsets.Ultimately, whether one is an optimist or doomsayer regarding AI's impact on employment, the seismic shifts occurring are undeniable and daunting. No individual, organization, or nation will be unaffected. As an aspiring young professional in China, I am deeply concerned about these issues but trying to maintain hope and diligently prepare myself in whatever ways possible. The challenges are historic in magnitude, but so is humankind's capacity for innovating solutions to existential threats.篇3The Rise of AI and China's Employment ConcernsRapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have set off alarm bells across many nations, sparking fears of widespread job losses and economic disruption. As a major world power heavily invested in AI development, China is no exception to these concerns. The potential impact of AI on employment weighs heavily on the minds of policymakers, businesses, and citizens alike.At the heart of the matter lies the remarkable capability of AI systems to automate a wide range of tasks traditionally performed by humans. From data analysis and customer service to manufacturing and logistics, AI algorithms can replicate and even surpass human abilities with unparalleled efficiency and accuracy. This technological prowess has raised understandable apprehensions about the future of human labor.China's unique position as both a global leader in AI innovation and the world's most populous nation further amplifies these anxieties. With a workforce of over 800 million, even a modest percentage of job displacement could translate into staggering numbers of displaced workers. The ramifications of such an event on societal stability and economic growth could be severe.The specter of job losses haunts various sectors of the Chinese economy. In manufacturing, a cornerstone of China's economic might, AI-powered robotics and automation threaten to render entire production lines obsolete, potentially decimating millions of jobs. The service industry, too, faces disruption as AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants become increasingly sophisticated, raising questions about the future of human customer service representatives.Moreover, the potential impact extends beyond blue-collar and service occupations. With AI's ability to crunch vast amounts of data, analyze patterns, and generate insights, even highly skilled professionals in fields like finance, law, and healthcare could find their roles challenged by machine intelligence.Recognizing these risks, the Chinese government has taken proactive steps to mitigate the potential fallout. Policy initiatives have been introduced to foster AI development while simultaneously addressing employment concerns. These include retraining programs to equip workers with AI-relevant skills, incentives for businesses to retain human employees alongside AI systems, and investments in emerging industries that could generate new job opportunities.However, implementing effective solutions is easier said than done. The sheer scale of China's population and the breakneck pace of AI advancement pose formidable challenges. Retraining millions of workers in a timely and cost-effective manner is a herculean task, and predicting which industries will thrive in an AI-driven future is a guessing game fraught with uncertainties.Furthermore, the societal and cultural implications ofAI-driven job displacement cannot be overlooked. In a nation where stable employment and economic security are deeply ingrained values, the prospect of widespread joblessness could fuel social unrest and erode public trust in technological progress.Despite these daunting challenges, there are also glimmers of hope. Some experts argue that AI will create new job opportunities in tandem with those it eliminates. As AI automates routine tasks, human workers could shift their focus to more creative, strategic, and uniquely human endeavors that machines cannot easily replicate. This potential for job creation in AI-adjacent fields, such as AI development, data science, and ethical AI governance, could partially offset job losses in other sectors.Moreover, the integration of AI into existing workflows could enhance human productivity and efficiency, potentially increasing overall economic output and generating new employment opportunities. For instance, AI-powered diagnostic tools could enable healthcare professionals to handle more patients, while AI-driven supply chain optimization could boost manufacturing output and create demand for human workers.Ultimately, the impact of AI on China's employment landscape will depend on a delicate balancing act between technological advancement and proactive measures to mitigate job displacement. Effective policymaking, workforce retraining, and strategic investments in emerging industries will be crucial in navigating this transition.As a student witnessing these developments unfold, I cannot help but ponder the implications for my own future career prospects. The rapid pace of AI advancement has instilled a sense of urgency to acquire AI-relevant skills and cultivate adaptability. While the prospect of job displacement is daunting, I also recognize the immense potential of AI to generate new opportunities in fields we can scarcely imagine today.Perhaps the greatest challenge lies in striking the right balance between embracing AI's transformative potential andsafeguarding the well-being of workers and societal stability. It is a delicate tightrope walk, but one that must be navigated with foresight, pragmatism, and a deep commitment to ethical and equitable technological progress.As China navigates this uncharted territory, the world watches with bated breath, for the reverberations of its AI journey will undoubtedly echo across the global stage. The choices made today will shape not only China's economic trajectory but also the very nature of work and human endeavor for generations to come.。

澜沧江湄公河合作机制研究(英文)

Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism澜沧-湄公合作机制摘要:2016年3月23日中国与泰国、越南等湄公河流域五国在海南三亚举行了澜沧江-湄公河合作首次领导人会议，澜沧江-湄公河合作机制于2015年九月在云南景洪正式确立。

这是我国在：“一带一路”后又一重要对外开放举措。

此举开拓了东南亚这一新的经济领域，对我国商务、外交均具有重要意义。

本文意在对此新闻进行分析，从该举措历史渊源、具体内容、机遇、挑战、前景等方面进行深层探讨。

关键词:Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism澜沧江-湄公河合作机制，one belt one road一带一路，Economy经济，Opportunities机遇，Challenges挑战With abundant resources, a drainage area of 795,000 square kilometers where lives 326 million people, a GDP of 590 billion dollars and an annual economic growth rate of 7%, the Lancang-Mekong region is now one of the most promising region in Asia and the world at large. With the east wind of “one belt one road” China accelerated to establish cooperative relationships with those countries in Southeast Asia. The Lancang-Mekong cooperation began in 2014, put forward by primer Li in Myanmar, and it was set down in September 2016 in Jinghong Yunnan. This action opened a new door of China to be within the world.1Overview of LMCM1.1History backgroundLancang River oriented from the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai Province, it flows through the Tibet Region, Yunnan Province and cuts across alpine and gorge regions. After the river flows out of China from Xishaungbanna, it is called Mekong River. The river is 4,880 km long, and it successively flows through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam to reach the South China Sea. The river links the 6 countries, breeds their similar yet distinctive culture and forged their time- honored, profound and extensive economic and humanistic connection.1.2Process of establishmentChina has established diplomatic relation with countries in the CMLM since the founding of People‟s Republic of China separately. Then China led some bilateral cooperation with Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam and Myanmar, such as China-Laos Railway and so on. In 2014, It is a consensus to built an Multilateral security system among the six countries in the China- ASEAN Leaders‟ meeting. The plan came in to fact in 2015 in Yunnan. Time passed to M arch 23th 2016, the first CMLM ministers‟ meeting was held in Hainan Sanya, a lot of projects about national economy and the people‟s livelihood were discussed and would be put into practice.1.3Objects of CMLM1.3.1PeaceAs there are a lot of criminal affairs such as smuggle, drug trafficking and kidnap & sell people. The sixcountries are making joint efforts to fight against transnational crimes and maintain orders at the borderregions, with an aim to build a peaceful sub-regional environment.1.3.2Infrastructure connectivityThe open of kunming-Bangkok Road and the initiation of China-Thailand Railway all mark the rudiment of the middle route of Trans-Asian Railway that connects the six countries. The second-Phase renovation ofLancang-Mekong Channel has been launched, to further enhance its carrying capacity. More airlines will opento connect those nations.1.3.3Cross-border EconomyLMCM will strength production capacity cooperation, complement respective advantage and build cross-border industrial clusters and chains through the construction of industrial parts. Fields such as railway,power, electronics energy resources and machinery are think highly of.1.3.4Water ResourcesWe will develop hydroelectric resources of Lancang-Mekong River in a scientific manner, establish water resource cooperation center, share information and data of the river, to provide better life of residents livingby the river.1.3.5AgricultureAll six countries are agricultural countries; famers‟ employment and rural poverty alleviation are important projects for member countries. In the future, the six countries will concentrate on establishingagricultural cooperation platform, promotion of poverty alleviation and the building of pilot programs ofpoverty reduction.2Opportunities and Challenges of LMCM.2.1Opportunities2.1.1“One belt one road” and other Symbioses as BasesThe Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st century Maritime Silk Road has their intersection areas in Southeast Asia. With rapid expansion and some beneficial policies of “one belt one road”, some funds andopportunities are provided at that period.Also as some cooperative associations like Great Mekong Sub region Cooperation, Asian Development Bankand ASEAN have already built close relationships among the six countries, it will be easier for China tocooperate with them. And some projects about regional development have been under way; we just need tomake it further developed.2.1.2China’s rapid expansion provided fund guaranteeIn the past few years, Chinese economy has developed a lot, not only its GDP is in the second place of the world, but also the capability of foreign investment of China is growing fast. China has the largest foreignexchange reserve in the world, RMB joined SDR last year, and Chinese economy has been in a statue of NewNormal, the foundation of ALLB also led by China. All these factors expressed a fact that China can provideconstant energy for LMCM.2.1.3Countries in Southeast Asia have enthusiasmThe five countries in Mekong drainage have suffered a long time of poverty and under-development.Although those countries have a good prospect about their future, they have less effort to solve their currentproblems. Facing with helps from China, they are welcoming with enthusiasm.2.2Challenges2.2.1Vague political outlook in Southeast countriesThe political development had made great progress in Mekong drainage countries after the cold war. But there are some hidden dangers in these five countries. Laos and Vietnam have potential risks to change theirsocialist regime, especially after Laos joined TPP. Thailand is under the governance of military. Myanmar…snewly established democratic system can‟t solve their problems of contradiction among nationalities andreligions. The vague of political outlook in above countries is a major barrier of LMCM.2.2.2Economically backward in Mekong drainage countriesAlthough great progress had been made in the five countries, they are facing backward in social economy, they are lack of fund to conduct infrastructure construction. When the LMCM is carried out comprehensively,China will under great pressure to devote a lot of money, and the investment has a long term and slow capitalreturn.3Rules in implement of LMCM3.1Enhance Competition Facing with Developed CountriesAs the Southeast Asia is an area under fierce competition. Japan, the US, EU, Australia, Italy, Canada and India are all eager to enter this promising market. The American president Obama has signed agreements with those countries, Japan input numerous capitals and technology into that area, India has established Mekong- Ganges cooperation mechanism with Mekong countries. All the powers need to be paid attention. China must put effort on self construction and gain active position in competition.3.2Pay attention on Environmental ProtectionMany a argument have be brought up about water resources and environmental protection among China and other countries. As the upper reaches of Mekong River is in China, every measure China takes about utilizing water resources need to considerate the affects to downstream countries. Such as building hydropower stations, if it will affect biodiversity in the river, it will not be built. There are NGO in southeast supervising China, our country need to take environmental protection seriously, to make LMCM move smoothly and effectively.3.3Don’t be Urgent for SuccessSome countries in Mekong drainage are in doubt about Chinese future and Chinese threat theory. Lots of mega projects like building railways will be related to sovereign risk and lifestyles of local people will be changed.Challenges are everywhere, we need to keep sober about all the risks, and don‟t be anxious about success to make ourcooperation with Mekong countries prosperous.4ConclusionLMCM is a new science in Asia-Pacific region and an organic component in “one belt one road”. At present, there are both great opportunities and challenges with the project. To achieve great progress in it, changes must be made in our, concept, mentality, method and starting point. Only we take it seriously, can we get ideal consequence.(words:1428) Reference:[1] Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China 2016. Five Feature of Lancang-Mekong River Cooperation [Online](Updated 17 Mar 2016)Available at: /mfa_eng/zxx_662805/t1349239.shtml [Accessed April 10, 2016][2] CHINA-SOUTH ASIA EXPO 2016. China says Lancang-Mekong Cooperation to bridge development gaps within ASEAN. [Online]( Updated 21 March 2016)Available at: /en-us/TopicDetail/613341 [Accesses April 10, 2016][3] Global Times 2016. Lancang-Mekong mechanism can be model for cooperation on South China Sea [Online](Updated 8 April 2016)Available at: /content/977695.shtml [Accesses April 10, 2016][4] ASIA PACIFIC DAILY 2016. Lancang-Mekong Cooperation mechanism to boost China-Laos economic cooperation. [Online]( Updated 21 March 2016)Available at: /business/economist/362607.html [Accesses April 10, 2016][5] CHINADAILY 2016. Mekong Cooperation Produces Positive Vibes. [Online] [Updated 16 April 2016]Available at: /cndy/2016-04/16/content_24590255.htm[Accesses April 10, 2016][6] The Third 2016. China drives water cooperation with Mekong countries. [Online] (Updated 01 February 2016) Available at: /i/jot [Accesses April 10, 2016]。

MBA联考真题及参考答案

【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2009年1月MBA联考真题及参考答案Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. The poor lady was too?????? and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engaged???????????????B. exhaustedC. ignorant???????????????D. energetic2. At fist?????? , the famous painting doesn't impress the audience at all.A. glance?????????????????B. gazeC. stare???????????????????D. view3. Delegates agree to the plan in??????? , but there were some details they didn't approve.A. discipline???????????????B. theoryC. principle????????????????D. nature4. I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still???????? in my mouth.A. scattering???????????????B. fellingC. maintaining??????????????D. lingering5. Since the????????? of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is the essence of life."A. dusk????????????????????B. dustC. twinkle?????????????????? C. Dawn6. The eldest son????????????? all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th weddinganniversary of their parents.A. Clustered????????????????B. resembledC. assembled????????????????D. rendered7. I must leave now,??????????? ,if you want that book I'LL bring it you tomorrow .A. Accidentally??????????????B. IncidentallyC. Occasionally??????????????D. Subsequently8. My mother is a light sleeper,??????????? to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.A. alert?????????????????????B. acuteC. keen?????????????????????D. immune9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and????????????? workers.A. consistent?????????????????B. consciousC. confidential????????????????D. conscientious10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become???????????? to the research team.A. senior?????????????????????B. juniorC. indispensible??????????????? C. independent11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people,??????? in their village, were rescued.A. trapped??????????????????B. confinedC. enclosed?????????????????D. captured12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to?????? from downtown to his office everyday.A. wander??????????????????B. commuteC. ramble???????????????????D. motion13. The finance minister has not been so?????? since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.A. famous??????????????????B. favorableC. popular??????????????????D. preferable14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high?????? in the govemment to behave so badly in public.A. situation?????????????????B. positionC. profession????????????????D. appointment15. Information given to employees must be??????? , clear and in easy-to-follow language.A．convenient??????????????? B．continuousC．constant????????????????? D．concise16. John was very upset because he was??????? by the police with breaking the law.A. sentenced????????????????B. arrestedC. accused??????????????????D. charged17. David likes country life and has decided??????? farming.A. go in for????????????????B. go back onC. go along with????????????D. go through with18. Jennifer has never really????? her son's death. It's very hard to accept the face that she'llnever have a child.A. come to terms with??????B. come up againstC. come out with??????????D. come down to19. A national debate is now????? about whether we should replace golden weeks with paidVacations.A. in the way?????????????B. by the wayC. under way?????????????D. out of the way20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects peopleand asks them questions.A. at ease????????????????B. at randomB. in essence????????????? D. in sumIn1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had?? 21 the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22??? from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread?? 23?? in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's? delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have?? 24?? the? economic? and political map of the world,?? 25? some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities,?? 26?? major importers—including chinaand? India, home to a third of the world's population--? 27? rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central?? 28?? of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other? to?? 29? scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any? government,??? 30?? how? unpleasant, to do it .In? many? poor? nations? with? oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31? these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments,?? 32?? some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising? oil? 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits,??? 34 costs,? from? higher? prices. Consider Germany.? 35? it? imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia?? 36?? 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose? 37? higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama? 38? for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits? began? to? 39?? ,assales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems? 40? the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come??????????? B. gone??????????? C. crossed???????? D. arrived22. A. covered???????? B. discovered??????? C. arranged??????? D. ranged23. A. intensity??????? B. infinity???????? C. insecurity?????? D. instability24. A. drawn?????????? B. redrawn????????? C. retained??????? D. reviewed25. A. fighting??????? B. struggling??????? C. challenging????? D. threatening26. A. and??????????? B. while??????????? C. thus??????????? D. though27. A. confine???????? B. conflict???????? C. conform???????? D. confront28. A. problem???????? B. question???????? C. matter????????? D. event29. A. look for??????? B. lock up????????? C. send out??????? D. keep off30. A. no matter??????? B. what if????????? C. only if???????? D. in spite of31. A. abolishing?????? B. depriving??????? C. destroying?????? D. eliminating32. A. what??????????? B. that??????????? C. which?????????? D. whom33. A. interests?? B. taxes??????????? C. incomes???????? D. revenues34. A. as many as?????? B. as good as??????? C. as far as??????? D. as well as35. A. Although??????? B. Because????????? C. Since?????????? D. As36. A. advanced??????? B. grew??????????? C.? reduces??????? D.? multiplied37. A. even??????????? B. still??????????? C. rather????????? D. fairly38. A. asking????????? B. requesting??????? C. calling???????? D. demanding39. A. change????????? B. turn??????????? C. shift?????????? D. transform40. A. for??????????? B. from??????????? C. across????????? D. overPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandonsHer husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors arewomen. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or socompanies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---whichcould include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has beenDifficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and thatIn turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to?????????? .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to?????????? .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to??????????? .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be???????? .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of? "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3。

中石化职称英语考试指南新

9.There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week,P5
10.What is intelligence, anyway?P6
11.Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases thatP7
6.One evening, long after most people hadP4
7.One evening last week, my wife and I were sitting quietly at home.P4
8.I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes eachP5
段落翻译
1、Why is it that when you study a foreign language, P19
2、Another factor emphasizing the market importance of the youth is that this is the time P19
34、You look back, she thought. You look back at other years, with the children younger. P16
35、How do people behave when they are threatened by danger? P16
27、The cheetah……it is the fast mammal on earth. P15
28、The young frog(or tadpole)spends all its life in the water. P15

Thesis statement 例子

Thesis statement一句话指出研究内容----详细列出主体章小标题内容---文章结论美国女性职场歧视微观原因及解决方案-以《Lean In》为例C.Thesis statementThis dissertation is an attempt to address the issue of microscopic factors of discrimination in US workplace against women. It will dig out several internal obstacles and find out effective solutions using gender theory as the main theoretical framework and setting “Lean In” which is written by Sheryl Sandberg as the case study. Although nearly whole society are concentrating on social and cultural aspects, “how to overcome the internal barriers” is sometimes more valuable if women aspire to increase the chances of being leaders in their fields and pursuing their career goals. This essay is going to analyze three main internal reasons that hindered the development of women’s careers. They are self-doubt, passive acceptation of stereotypical expectations and competition consciousness deficiency. Thus, a conclusion could be reached-being self-confident, being themselves ignoring what others say and taking risks in their careers instead of holding back will be the most effective ways to help women to overcome the internal barriers, hold more top positions and reach their career goals.西方消费主义对当代大学生的影响及原因C. Thesis statementThis paper will explore the characteristics of contemporary college students’ consumption and how the consumerism impacts their consumption action. On one hand, something new has occurred on college students’ consumpt ion, for example, overconsumption. These sorts of consumption are irrational. On the other hand, western values are increasingly dominant over these students’ mind. Among them is the conception----modern consumerism. Therefore, it is concluded that western consumerism has more or less guided college students’ consumption behavior. This paper will present a picture of their consumption deeds and cast light on why they are influenced by the western consumerism.从霍尔编解码理论看中国元素在美国动画电影中的运用—以《功夫熊猫》为例C. Thesis statementThis paper utilizes the Stuart Hall’s encoding-decoding theory in order to make a comprehensive analysis of the Chinese elements, which spread into Hollywood animation movies. It explores t he images of Chinese elements first-encoded in American animation movies from the aspects of character settings, scene settings and Chinese traditionalphilosophy. By analyzing with the second encoding theory, it analyzes the implantation of American culture such as individualism and heroism. It can be concluded that Chinese should learn from American animation industry and be the spokesmen for their own Chinese culture.从美国话语霸权视角看美国民主输出-以“中国威胁论”为例C. Thesis statementThe proportion of cultural factors in international politics has risen, while American democracy output has put more emphasis on culture field. This thesis makes a tentative study from a specific aspect of American culture output—discourse hegemony, by analyzing typical case,“China Threat Theory”, to have a macroscopical view on American discourse hegemony construction, and have a clear understanding of the political meanings of “China Threat Theory”. Finally conclusion is reached that driven by American scholar expounding, official behavior promotion, and mass media’s propaganda, America has successfully schemed a diplomatic conspiracy—“China Threat Theory”.。

The China Threat外国人眼中的中国威胁论

口译课课件-济宁学院-2011级02-苗今
2015-10修订

Let’s welcome next speaker. Thank you for your listening!

2015-10修订
口译课课件-济宁学院-2011级02-苗今
2015-10修订口译课课件-济宁学院-2011级02-苗今
2015-10修订
口译课课件-济宁学院-2011级02-苗今
What Make Foreigners Nervous
Economic Growth Financial Times “the Chinese economic model “ e.g. CSR Corporation 中国南车 1.bullet trains 2.in partnership with General Electric Kawasaki Heavy Industries : China is “determined to gain technological ascendancy by any means possible,” Financial Times: including taking western technology and reworking it just enough to claim it as its own.” 2015-10修订口译课课件-济宁学院-2011级02-苗今
口译课课件-济宁学院-2011级02-苗今

2015-10修订
2015-10修订
口译课课件-济宁学院-2011级02-苗今
2015-10修订
口译课课件-济宁学院-2011级02-苗今
The China Model/“Beijing consensus”

青岛科技大学教务处文件

肖潇
动画092
于小博
3
漫画式表现对于动画运动的创新和存在问题的研究
张博森
动画091
于小博
4
《面包房里的猫小厨》绘本创作分析
刘晶
广告092
刘金平
5
浅析网络环境下著作权的合理使用制度与保护
毕晓平
编辑092
郭楠
6
理想与现实的博弈——场景营销探微
李雪梅
广告093
刘苑
7
中外社交网络的对比研究
姜依忻
广告093
邢崇
8
重庆卫视历次改版探析
陈叶玲
编辑091
胡航
法学院
1
独生子女家庭的养老压力和社工服务需求分析
赵泽斌
社工091
金英爱
2
修辞在司法判决中的运用
孙骄娜
法学092
姜福东
3
社会工作视角下的流浪乞讨人员救助管理研究
鲍翠萍
社工091
王士卿
4
浅析我国非上市公司股权托管的现状及法律规制
侯雪萍
法学091
曲天明
高分子科学与工程学院
彭人勇
机电工程学院
1
工艺参数对合成SiC纳米线产量及形貌的影响研究
宫璐
成型092
李镇江
2
燃煤锅炉烟气余热利用及除尘脱硫系统设计
孙勤贺
热能093
张斌
3
46呎游艇设计及性能计算
李帅朝
船舶092
邓芳
4
高转速汽轮机设计
苑善通
过控092
刘炳成
5
短纤维径向取向胎面胶模具及磨耗装置设计
苏东健
高机094
汪传生
6

完整版考博英语作文写作模板整理.doc

考博英语作文一、亮眼首句1. As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon（[s?m'b ?l?kli]象征⋯地；象征性地；[' ?l?stre?t?d] n. 有插画的报章杂志adj. 有插图的v. 阐明；举例说明；给⋯加插图）2. As is shown in the pie chart （饼图）⋯这两个句式用 as 引导的非限定性定语从句引出图画或图表内容，意为 " 漫画以象征的手法为我们阐述了一个观点⋯⋯"， " 正如饼状图显示的那样⋯⋯"。

3. From the picture we can see ⋯该句式中的亮点是将介词短语做状语置于句首，不影响句子的整体结构。

4. Portrayed in the set of drawings above are/is （ [p??'tre?] 描写⋯；描绘；饰演）上边一组图画描绘了⋯⋯It is difficult to portray feelings in words （ [w ??dz]） .感情很难用言语来描写。

The book portrays the life of an actor. 这本书描述了一个演员的一生。

5. Emerging from the drawing is a miracle （ ['m?r?kl] 奇迹） : ⋯[?'m?d???]adj. 新兴的；出现的；形成的v. 形成；浮现；显露（ emerge 的 ing 形式）；由⋯中脱出6. Described by the bar chart above are/is（⋯条形图）这三个句式都是倒装结构，非常漂亮。

放在篇首，能够在茫茫考卷中，吸引眼球。

7.The cartoonist laid out the image elaborately, placing...at the center of picture. （漫画家精心地描绘了这幅画，位于⋯⋯图片的中心）8. The implication conveyed in the cartoon is that（漫画传达的意思⋯是⋯⋯）这两个句式中使用了分词结构placing ⋯和 conveyed 。

安全困境概念辨析国际政治论文.doc

“安全困境”概念辨析_国际政治论文nbsp;Glaser)和巴里·布赞(BarryBuzan)就是此类定义的代表。

例如，杰维斯认为当一国寻求增加自身安全而采取的大多数手段具有不经意间损害他国安全的效果时，安全困境就会发生。

(注：RobertJervis,“Realism,Gametheory,andCooperation”,WorldPolitics,40/3(1988),p.317.)布赞也同样认为，“当国家为自己寻求权力与安全时，很容易威胁到其他国家对权力与安全的追求”(注：BarryBuzan,People,StatesandFear:anagendaforinternationalsecuritystudiesinthepost—ColdWarera(HemelHempstead:HarvesterWheatsheaf,2nded.,1991),p.295.)。

(2)所有各方安全的减损。

这类定义主要关注“安全困境”的“自我挫败”(self-defeating)特性。

罗伯特·莱伯(RobertLieber)认为，通过增加它们的权力，国家“并不必然增加它们自身的安全，因为它们的邻国和对手也会诉诸同样的手段。

实际上这种加强军备的行为倾向于使得所有国家更不安全，因为它提高了所有各方面临的潜在威胁的水平”。

(注：RobertLieber,NoCommonPower:understandinginternationalrelations(NewYork:1991),pp.5—6.)巴里·波森(BarryPosen)也注意到了这一点。

他把安全困境定义为一种情形，在这种情形里“一国为加强自身安全所做的一切招致反应，最终使得该国与以前相比而不安全”。

(注：BarryPosen,“TheSecurityDilemmaandEthnicConflict”,Survival,35/1(1993),p.28.)(3)意图的不确定性。

驻英国大使傅莹发表题为“气候变化与中国”的演讲中英全文

驻英国大使傅莹发表题为“气候变化与中国”的演讲中英全文2009-12-19 来源:中国驻英国大使馆2009年12月2日，中国驻英国大使傅莹应邀在伦敦政治经济学院（LSE）发表题为“气候变化与中国”的演讲，全面阐述中国应对气候变化的政策、立场及所采取的措施，并现场回答听众提问。

演讲由LSE发展中心主任科布雷奇（MR. CORBRIDGE）教授主持，该校学生及社会公众共400多人出席。

以下是演讲全文：气候变化与中国中国驻英国大使傅莹伦敦经济学院2009年12月2日Climate Change and ChinaFu Ying, Chinese Ambassador to the U.K.London School of EconomicsDecember 2nd, 2009尊敬的CORBRIDGE教授，女士们，先生们，Professor Corbridge,Ladies and Gentlemen,很荣幸来到伦敦经济学院，就气候变化这一重大问题进行交流。

我感觉特别荣幸，这是因为伦敦经济学院以在气候变化领域的研究著称，你们的研究为全球讨论做出了突出贡献。

I am honoured to talk to you on such an important subject as climate change. It’s a special honour, because t he LSE is well-known for its scholarship on climate change and its crucial contribution to this global debate.中国是一个有着13亿人口的大国，气候类型多样，环境脆弱。

气候变化给中国带来诸多不利影响。

China is a huge country with a population of 1.3 billion. It has diverse climatic conditions and a fragile environment. The effect of climate change is a very real threat which we face everyday.根据中国科学家的观察，过去50年里中国的平均气温上升了1.1摄氏度，高于同期全球平均升温水平。

中国是礼仪之邦英语例句

中国是礼仪之邦英语例句English Examples":China is a country with a rich and ancient cultural heritage that has had a profound impact on the world. One of the most significant aspects of Chinese culture is its emphasis on etiquette and social norms. The concept of "China as the Land of Etiquette" is a reflection of the deep-rooted traditions and customs that have been passed down through generations and continue to shape the way Chinese people interact with one another and with the world.At the heart of Chinese etiquette is the idea of respect and harmony. This is exemplified in the way Chinese people address one another, using honorifics and formal language to show deference and acknowledge the social hierarchy. For instance, the use of the term "laoshi" (teac her) to address an educator, or the use of "xiānsheng" (mister) or "nǚshì" (miss) to address strangers, demonstrates the importance of acknowledging an individual's status and position within society.Another key aspect of Chinese etiquette is the emphasis on social relationships and the concept of "guanxi." Guanxi refers to thenetwork of personal connections and obligations that are essential for navigating Chinese society. It is a complex and nuanced system that governs how individuals interact with one another, from business dealings to personal relationships. For example, the custom of exchanging gifts during important occasions, such as Chinese New Year or a wedding, is a way of strengthening guanxi and building trust between individuals.The importance of etiquette in Chinese culture is also reflected in the way Chinese people conduct themselves in public. For instance, the concept of "mianzi," or face, is crucial in Chinese society. Maintaining one's own face and avoiding causing others to lose face is a key priority in social interactions. This can be seen in the way Chinese people avoid public displays of emotion or criticism, as these could be seen as a threat to an individual's or group's social standing.Moreover, the Chinese emphasis on etiquette extends to the realmof dining and hospitality. The intricate rituals and customs surrounding the sharing of meals, such as the order in which dishes are served, the use of chopsticks, and the way one expresses gratitude, are all important aspects of Chinese etiquette. For example, it is considered impolite to point one's chopsticks at another person or to leave one's chopsticks standing upright in a bowl of rice, as these actions are associated with funerary rites.The influence of Chinese etiquette can also be seen in the way Chinese people interact with foreigners. When hosting foreign guests, Chinese hosts often go to great lengths to ensure that their guests are comfortable and feel respected. This can include offering traditional Chinese tea, providing comfortable accommodations, and ensuring that meals are served in a manner that is consistent with Chinese customs.One example of how Chinese etiquette can be seen in practice is the way Chinese people greet one another. Instead of a handshake, which is more common in Western cultures, Chinese people often greet one another with a slight bow or a gentle nod of the head. This gesture is a way of showing respect and acknowledging the other person's social status.Another example of Chinese etiquette can be seen in the way Chinese people address one another. In addition to using honorifics, Chinese people also often use kinship terms, such as "brother" or "sister," to address individuals who are not related to them. This is a way of creating a sense of familiarity and belonging within the larger social group.The influence of Chinese etiquette can also be seen in the way Chinese people approach conflict resolution. Rather than confronting issues directly, Chinese people often prefer to use indirectcommunication and seek to maintain harmony within the group. This can be seen in the way Chinese people avoid public displays of disagreement or criticism, and instead seek to resolve conflicts through negotiation and compromise.Overall, the concept of "China as the Land of Etiquette" is a reflection of the deep-rooted traditions and customs that have shaped Chinese culture for thousands of years. From the way Chinese people address one another to the rituals and customs surrounding dining and hospitality, etiquette is a central aspect of Chinese society that continues to have a profound impact on the way Chinese people interact with one another and with the world.。

证据理论与层次分析法相结合的威胁评估排序模型

11113 Dempster 合成法则
设 Bel 1 和 Bel 2 是同一识别框架 Θ 上的两个信度函数 , m1 和 m2 分别是其对应的基本可信度分配 ,焦元分别为 A 1 , A 2 , …, A k 和 B 1 , B 2 , …, B n , 若
A ∩B = <
i j
∑ m1 ( A i ) m2 ( B j ) < 1 。那么 , 由 ( 4 ) 式定义
A1 A2 A3
( km) 410 (1) < 160 (6) 180 (6) 260 (4)
( m/ s) 710 (4) 805 (5) 80 (1)
( km) 118 (6) 215 (4) 016 (7) 318 (2)
的函数 m :2Θ →[ 0 ,1 ]
0
m ( A) =
A ∩B = A
在现代防空作战中 , 指挥员对来袭的空中目标威胁度进行估计 ,选择威胁最大的目标抗击 ,是防空作战中重要的决策活动之一。由于影响目标威胁程度评估的因素众多 ,既包含定量因素 ,又有定性描述因素 , 并且这些因素相互之间的关系复杂 , 导致威胁评估与排序一直是难点也是热点。尤其是部分因素不确定或完全 “未知” 的情形 , 更是一个棘手的问题。对于含有部分因素不确定的威胁评估排序 , 国内许多学者通常使用模糊综合评价方法并结合作战原则、实战经验、战例分析及个人偏好等进行抽象和简化。但这样将导致损失许多信息 , 常出现 “分级” 不清 , 评价不合理的情况。利用证据理论对不确定性问题处理具有优越性 ,结合层次分析法 ,能较好地解决部分因素未知
目标速度 Rj 下 , 目标 A 1 , A 2 , …, A i 具有同样的值 : r1 j = r2 j = … = rij ( 1 Φ i Φ n ) , 则令 Hkj = { A 1 , A 2 , …, A i } , 很明显 Hkj < E , 并且令 Hkj ∩Hsj = Φ Φ) 。由于部分因素未知 , 有 ( k ≠ s , Hkj , Hsj ≠

中国互联网网络安全威胁治理联盟章程

中国互联网网络安全威胁治理联盟章程第一条本联盟的中文全称为中国互联网网络安全威胁治理联盟（下称“联盟”），英文名称为China Cyber ThreatGovernance Alliance（缩写“CCTGA”)。

第二条本联盟由国家计算机网络应急技术处理协调中心（下称“CNCERT”）与中国互联网协会网络与信息安全工作委员会联合发起成立，由在中国境内从事互联网网络安全威胁治理工作的成员单位自愿组成，接受中国互联网协会的业务指导和监督管理。

第三条本联盟通过行业自律机制，充分发挥联盟成员单位作用，开展对互联网网络安全威胁情报共享，并对互联网黑产密切相关的各类威胁进行整治，有效净化网络安全环境，树立我国负责任网络大国的良好形象。

第四条本联盟成员单位应符合下列条件：（一）在中国境内依据中国法律成立的独立法人单位。

（二）热衷于推动中国互联网网络安全威胁治理工作的开展。

（三）严格遵守国家相关法律法规，承认本联盟章程，履行成员单位义务。

第五条本联盟负有以下职责：（一）广泛接收社会及联盟成员单位对拒绝服务攻击、网页篡改、网站后门、网络钓鱼、隐私窃取、恶意程序、域名安全等各类网络安全威胁的投诉举报。

（二）组织开展互联网网络安全威胁整治，推动互联网网络安全威胁治理体系建设。

（三）组织开展互联网网络安全威胁情报共享。

（四）定期公开发布互联网网络安全威胁数据和治理报告。

（五）积极参与互联网网络安全威胁治理的相关立法、新技术新应用、标准等研究制定工作，为联盟成员单位提供相关业务和政策咨询服务，为政府部门提供决策支撑。

（六）开展互联网网络安全威胁治理宣传教育工作，提升网民网络安全意识。

第六条中国互联网网络安全威胁治理联盟由联盟专家委员会、联盟秘书处和联盟成员单位组成。

（一）联盟专家委员会依托于中国互联网协会网络与信息安全工作委员会，主要负责对联盟运行相关工作提供技术支持和专家意见。

（二）联盟下设秘书处，主要负责联盟的日常运行工作。

英语作文China threat theory

Rm 209, Liberal Arts BuildingFudan UniversityShanghai, 200433January 5, 2012Editor XXXLetter from readersChina DailyBeijing, 100029Dear editor:I am a student of Fudan University, majoring in physics. Recently I have read several articles about the "China threat" theory, in which some claim that the rise of China is a threat to the West, while others proclaim that China's rising is an opportunity. I am writing to convey my reflections on this issue.There is no doubt that China has won acclaim for its significant economic and social achievements since the reform and opening-up. However, in the eyes of certain Western powers, China's rise poses a challenge to the traditional Western-dominated international order and geopolitical landscape. They see China’s every move—political, economic, military, and diplomatic—as threatening.Actually the "China threat" theory is misleading and groundless. For example, the US scholar Lester Brown in his 1995 book Who Will Feed China? claims that China is a threat to global food security. He indicates that China only has 7 percent of the world's farmland, while its population accounts for 21 percent of the world’s total. Therefore, Brown argues, the Chinese cannot feed themselves and will surely cause a global food crisis. His argument does not stand up to scrutiny. However, spread by the US media, it caused quite a scare in the world at that time. Twenty years on, China still maintains basic self-sufficiency in grain and has not caused any "panic buying" in international grain markets. Even Brown himself has admitted several years ago that his conclusion was wrong.Therefore, the real reason for the Western countries to propagate the "China threat" theory seems to be that they are afraid that China will challenge the existing international status when it becomes stronger. The Western countries hope to restrict the rise of China by means of the "China threat" theory.Indeed, the "China threat" theory, exaggerated by the Western countries for decades, produced a dual effect of containment and stimulation.On the one hand, the "China threat" theory damaged the image of China and deterred the development pace of China. It deteriorated the surrounding environment of China to some extent and made China face a more complex international environment and withstand more external pressure.On the other hand, as an imposed power, the "China threat" theory strengthened China’s sense of crisis and stimulated the rise and development of China. According to the "challenge-response" theory of British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, the organism will instinctively produce a series of effective responses in the face of challenges and ultimately promote its development.The "China threat" theory has become a preferred tool in the domestic politics of some countries, and has become a power discourse in the international community. Whenever some countries suffer from relevant domestic political issues, they often take the "China threat" theory as shields. For example, in the currently heated US presidential election, the "China threat" theory is the stock in trade of the Obama administration. Facing the "China threat" theory, we not only have to be calm and initiative, but also have to take the following effective measures.Firstly, we should have a calm state of mind compatible with other dominant countries and pursue our own Chinese dream. Secondly, we should continue to promote and intensify international cooperation. China depends on Asia and the world, as much as Asia and the world depend on China. She is directly tied to the US and therefore has no interest in a direct confrontation with her major competitor. Thirdly, we should build a favorable national image by winning the international discourse right. Finally, we should follow the road of peaceful development and ensure the world that the rise of China is peaceful.In a word, the fundamental way to offset the negative effects of the "China threat" theory is to vigorously develop China's national strength. Besides, we should concentrate on our own business so as to ride out the current critical period of development. By then, the "China threat" theory as a special historical symbol in China's development process will naturally fade away.Sincerely,XXX。

20世纪中美关系史专题

“20世纪中美关系史专题”课程要求和教学安排（历史系·2009年春季学期）任课教师：王立新E-mail: wanglx@ 学分：3学分上课时间：周二7-9节（14：40-17：30）上课地点：文史楼105课程介绍：本课程为研究生专题课，内容涉及中美关系史的一些主要方面。

既包括知识性的内容，同时也注重研究理论与方法的训练，以使学生对中美关系史学科有一个整体的把握，并学会如何对之进行研究。

本课程的授课形式以教师讲授和课堂讨论相结合（教师讲授4次，讨论12次）。

课程要求：认真阅读教师布置的材料。

每位选课学生选择2－3个专题，在阅读材料的基础上做主题发言。

主题发言者需先对档案文献进行解读，对论文的主要观点做一简要介绍，然后阐述自己的观点，并主持课堂讨论。

为了讨论的方便，主持者需至少提前２天将要讨论的问题通过电子邮件发给每位学生和任课教师，任课教师会提供反馈意见。

除主题发言者外，其它选课者须就阅读材料和主题发言者提出的问题进行讨论，参与讨论的情况记入总成绩。

主题发言稿经修改和整理后于课程结束前上交，作为期末成绩的主要依据，主题发言的情况占期末总成绩的80％。

课堂参与（包括出勤和课堂讨论）情况占期末总成绩的20％。

本课程要求选修者应对中美关系史的基本知识有一定了解，缺少这方面知识储备的选课者需事先阅读有关中美关系史的基本教材。

（见附录）教学安排：2月17日课程及主要参考书目介绍（讲授）2月24日美国与中国的中美关系史研究（讲授）3月3日决策理论与美国对华政策过程（讲授）3月10日总论：20世纪中美关系的主要趋势与问题史料：1．Henry Luce, “American Century”, Life, Feb. 7, 1941论文：章百家：“改变自己，影响世界：20世纪中国外交基本线索刍议”，中国社会科学院近代史研究所编：《近代中国与世界》，第1卷，社科文献出版社2005年，第514－548页。

资中筠：“百年思想的冲击与撞击”，《资中筠集》，中国社科出版社2002年，第212－234页。

关于西方人对中国的误解英语作文

关于西方人对中国的误解英语作文The East and the West have long held divergent perspectives on each other's cultures and societies. While globalization and increased cross-cultural exchange have helped to bridge this divide, many Western misconceptions about China persist. From oversimplified stereotypes to fundamental misunderstandings, these biases continue to shape outsiders' views of the world's most populous nation.One of the most prevalent Western misconceptions about China is the notion that it is a monolithic, authoritarian state with a rigidly controlled society. This perception stems in part from the country's political system, which is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party. However, the reality is far more nuanced. China is an incredibly diverse country, with significant regional, ethnic, and cultural variations. While the central government does exert a high degree of control, there is also considerable local autonomy and room for individual expression, particularly in the economic and social spheres.Another common Western stereotype is the idea that China is simplya low-cost manufacturing hub, churning out cheap, low-quality goods. This oversimplification fails to recognize the rapid technological and innovative advancements that have transformed the Chinese economy. In recent years, China has emerged as a global leader in cutting-edge industries like renewable energy, artificial intelligence, and high-speed rail. The country's top tech companies, such as Alibaba, Tencent, and Huawei, are now competing with their Western counterparts on the global stage.Furthermore, many Westerners hold the misconception that Chinese culture is static and unchanging, rooted in ancient traditions that have remained largely untouched by modernity. This view ignores the dynamic nature of Chinese society, which has undergone profound transformations over the past century. While traditional customs and values continue to play a significant role, China has also embraced various Western influences, from fashion and cuisine to popular culture and social norms.One of the most persistent Western misunderstandings about China is the perception of the country as a threat to global stability and security. This narrative, often fueled by geopolitical tensions and media sensationalism, portrays China as an aggressive, expansionist power seeking to challenge the existing international order. However, the reality is more complex. While China has undoubtedly become more assertive in its foreign policy, particularly in its immediateregion, its primary focus remains on domestic economic development and maintaining stability. The country's leadership is acutely aware of the need to avoid direct confrontation with the West, as it would jeopardize the economic ties that are crucial to its continued growth and prosperity.Another common Western misconception is the belief that China's rapid economic rise has come at the expense of environmental protection and human rights. While it is true that China has faced significant environmental challenges and has a complex human rights record, the country has also made substantial efforts to address these issues in recent years. The Chinese government has implemented ambitious policies to combat air pollution, promote renewable energy, and protect natural habitats. Similarly, while concerns about human rights violations persist, the country has also made progress in areas like poverty alleviation, healthcare, and education.Finally, many Westerners hold the mistaken belief that the Chinese people are uniformly loyal to their government and the ruling Communist Party. This view fails to recognize the diversity of political views and the growing desire for greater personal freedoms and democratic participation among the Chinese populace. While the government maintains a tight grip on power, there is also a vibrant civil society and a thriving online discourse that challenges officialnarratives and advocates for social and political reforms.In conclusion, Western misconceptions about China are often rooted in oversimplified stereotypes, a lack of nuanced understanding, and the influence of geopolitical tensions and media biases. As the world's second-largest economy and a rising global power, China's importance on the world stage cannot be overstated. It is crucial for Westerners to strive for a more well-rounded and accurate understanding of this complex and dynamic country, its people, and its role in the 21st century. By embracing cultural exchange, open dialogue, and a willingness to challenge preconceived notions, we can foster a more constructive and mutually beneficial relationship between the East and the West.。

Lesson 2 A Race We can All__ Win

Michael Rubens Bloomberg
纽约第108任市长
中文名：迈克尔·彭博别名：迈克尔·布隆伯格家乡：美国马萨诸塞州民族：犹太国籍：美国出生年月：1942年2月14日
职业：商业 CEO 政治：纽约市长毕业院校：约翰斯·霍普金斯大学 (The Johns Hopkins University ) 成就：1990年办了彭博通讯社，成为全球最大的财经资讯公司。重要事件：1981年被所罗门兄弟公司解雇，得到了1000万美元的遣散费(dismissal wage)。 1981年成立彭博信息公司 2001年起至今连任三届纽约市市长
Zero-sum game: A game in which a gain for one side entails a corresponding loss for the other
尽管我们应当承认中国和美国是竞争对手，但我们还应当明白地缘政治和全球经济并非零和游戏。正如同美国经济不断发展有利于中国一样，中国经济不断发展也有利于美国。
美国的“中国威胁论”由来已久,可追溯到19世纪后期的排华浪潮。自新中国成立以后,由于中国政治体制不同,美国又一次炒作“中国威胁论”,大谈中国军事威胁。冷战后至今,美国宣扬的“中国威胁论” 时有发生,且名目繁多,有“意识形态威胁论”、 “文明威胁论”、“军事威胁论”、“经济威胁论” 及“生态威胁论”等等。其中,“经济威胁论”为主要论调。中国自改革开放以来在经济上的飞速发展及对亚太地区乃至世界影响力的增强使得鼓吹“中国威胁论”者感到不安,他们大肆渲染中美贸易问题, 夸大中国经济对美国经济的负面影响,以此作为“中国经济威胁”之论据。
Newsweek was bought by The Washington Post Company in 1961. Today, Newsweek has a worldwide circulation of more than 4 million. 在美国，它是仅次于《时代》的周刊。发行量超过了《美国新闻和世界报道》。在这三份期刊中，《新闻周刊》通常被视作观点比《时代》更自由，而比《美国新闻和世界报道》更保守。