欧洲文化入门Europe Culture3 The Middle Ages
欧洲文化入门各单元重要人物及其代表作
我衷心祝愿你们成为我的校友-路明军
欧文各单元重要人物及其代表作
（敬请同学们提意见、建议，不断改进）
1Greek and Roman culture
1．1 Greek (5century BC)
1, Homer, wrote: epic: Iliad ; Odyssey
2, Sophocles, wrote: drama : Oedipus the King, Electra, Antigone (都是人名)
3, Aristophanes, wrote: comedy: Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds
4, Historian:
Herodotus ( the father of history)
Thucydides, wrote: the war between Athens and S-parta and between Athens and Syracuse)
5, Ancient Greek philosopher:
Pythagoras(founder of scientific mathematics),
Heracleitus ( “ all is flux, nothing is stationery),
Democritus( one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory)
Socrates ( founder of dialectical method辩证法), Plato’s teacher
欧洲文化入门 3
• Economically manorialism • Politically distinct division of classes (landlords and peasants) • Culturally fusion and blending of different ideas
Literature in Middle Ages
• Religious litwenku.baidu.comrature “The Bible”
• Heroic epics Beowulf (the oldest narrative poem) • Chivalric literature first originated in Provence Love, glory and religious belief • Urban Literature Geoffrey Chuacer
“The Confessions” “The City of God” “The Trinity”
Aurelius Augustinus
The Characteristics of the literature in Middle Ages
• Integration of cultures of the barbarian tribes
The Celts ,the Germanics and the Slavics
欧洲文化入门--中世纪 ppt课件
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C. Knighthood & Code of Chivalry
Serf :农奴 Fiefs:封地（采邑） Vassals:诸侯（封臣）
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Code of Chivalry骑士的信条
A. be pledged to protect the weak
Pope （罗马教皇）
↓
Archbishops (大主教）
↓
Bishop （主教）
↓
Priests （神甫）
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The Roman Catholic Church & Eastern Orthodox Church
(1054)
The Roman Catholic Church
（罗马天主教）
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b. Church Father and Early Monasticism （隐修院制度）
St. Jerome （圣 ·哲罗姆）:
his translation of the Bible from Hebrew and Greek original into Latin The Vulgate (拉丁文圣经)
b. It is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times.
欧洲文化入门在线作业——判断题答案
作业
1．第1题
By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular
life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.
您的答案：正确
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2．第2题
The confidence the Europeans had developed in the Central Middle Ages
was destroyed by the travails of the Late Middle Ages.
您的答案：错误
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3．第3题
The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance
in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.
您的答案：正确
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4．第4题
It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.
您的答案：正确
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5．第5题
Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确
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6．第6题
欧洲文化入门(The Middle Ages )
2. The church
Center of daily life place of worship place for recreation center of trade center of community activity
欧洲文化入门(三)
The Middle Ages
中世纪
I. General Introduction
1. The Middleபைடு நூலகம்Ages
a. Time division: in European history, the thusand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.
b. It is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times.
(ancient times→ The Middle Ages →modern times)
c. Age of faith
General Introduction
1. Feudalism: a system of land-holding, a
欧洲文化入门
欧洲文化入门
文化的五分法：一、社会历史(包括政治、经济、宗教、历史) 二、哲学三、文学四、科学五、艺术(包括绘画、雕塑、建筑和音乐)，以记忆每个时代的各要点为主，理解纵向的变迁为辅，后者主要的作用时帮助我们更好的记住前者。
考试题型：四选一，填空，判断，简答题，名词解释，论述题。
要研究欧洲发展的历史，我们要仅仅抓住两条线索。一条是社会文化发展线索，那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史。正如，想精通中国文化必先熟知孔夫子和道家文化一样。下面我们将分章节进行综述。在每章综述的最后，会有一两道重要的问答题分析。每章还会附有一些练习题，希望大家好好做一做。
第一章希腊罗马文化
希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源。
希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。
荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。荷马生活在公元前700年。
梭伦在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。
公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。
公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。
古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德埃斯库罗斯、阿里斯托芬、索福克勒斯阿基米德和欧几里得希罗多德和修昔底得。
欧洲文化入门课后习题答案
Division three: The Middle Ages
中世纪
1.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?
After the Roman Empire lost its predominance, a great many Germanic Kingdoms began to grow into the nations know as England, France, Italy, and Germany in its place. These nations of Western Europe were in the scene of frequent wars and invasions. The political unity had given way to widespread destruction and confusion. Hunger and disease killed many lives and village fell into ruin and great areas of land lay waste. There was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church. Christianity was almost the all and the one of Medieval lives in western Europe and took lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds years.
欧洲文化入门(阅读)欧洲第三次作业—近代早期(100分)
欧洲文化入门(阅读)欧洲第三次作业—近代早期(100分)
1．第1题
The reasons for Henry’s reform in England were mainly ________.
A.religious
B.personal
C.political
D.both B and C
您的答案：D
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
2．第2题
Three of the following statements are true with the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Which one is the exception?
A.It was in nature a reaction to Protestantism.
B.It was the result of Catholic self-criticism.
C.It resulted from the Protestant Reformation.
D.It resulted from a Church-wide call for reform.
您的答案：B
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
3．第3题
Three of the following statements are true with the Elizabethan Compromise. Which one is the exception?
A.The Church of England again rejected the authority of the pope.
华师作业 欧洲文化入门3
华师作业欧洲文化入门3
作业
1．第1题
In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.
A.predominated
B.were dominant
C.were interpreted allegorically
D.were even more popular
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
2．第2题
The early Christians were against ___.
A.Greek culture
B.Roman culture
C.Hebrew culure
D.pagan culture
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
3．第3题
The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of
the English language__.
A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;
B.from a mixture of Greek and Latin
C.from a mixture of Greek and Latin
D.from a mixture of Hebrew and Latin
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：0.0
4．第4题
It was ____who unified England for the first time.
A.King Edward and his successors
欧洲文化入门试卷及答案
《欧洲文化入门》
I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks. (60 POINTS)
1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.
那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史
2. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their
C. Prometheus Bound
D. Persians
《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）
3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.
A. Aeschylus
B.Aristophanes
C. Euripides
D. Sophocles
4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.
C. Sophocles
D. Aeschylus
喜剧家：Comedy writer
解释者of the atomic theory.
D. Socrates
6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.
A. Dialogues
欧洲文化入门3
Production and Consumption
Economic life is bound up in the relationship between supply and demand.
The production and consumption of luxuries soared.
• The Experience of Life • Eldest sons were favored; younger
Renaissance Socie来自百度文库y
• The Renaissance was an age rather than an event. Late medieval society was artistically creative, socially well developed, and economically diverse. Yet eventually, the pace of change accelerated. Encompassing包围 the two centuries between 1350 and 1550, it passed through three distinct phases. The first, from 1350 to 1400, was characterized by a declining population, the uncovering of classical texts, and experimentation in a variety of art forms. The second phase, from 1400 to 1500, was distinguished by the creation of a set of cultural values and artistic and literary achievements that defined Renaissance style.
欧洲文化入门期末复习题
填空题：（20%）
1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element.
2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________.
3. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” By _______.
4. ___________is by far the most influential in the West.
5. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible.
6. The New Testament is about _________.
7. The story about God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis, Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________.
8. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________.
9. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________.
【可编辑】欧洲文化入门各单元重要人物及其代表作
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我衷心祝愿你们成为我的校友-路明军
欧文各单元重要人物及其代表作
（敬请同学们提意见、建议，不断改进）
1Greek and Roman culture
1．1 Greek (5century BC)
1, Homer, wrote: epic: Iliad ; Odyssey
2, Sophocles, wrote: drama : Oedipus the King, Electra, Antigone (都是人名)
3, Aristophanes, wrote: comedy: Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds
4, Historian:
Herodotus ( the father of history)
Thucydides, wrote: the war between Athens and S-parta and between Athens and Syracuse)
5, Ancient Greek philosopher:
Pythagoras(founder of scientific mathematics),
Heracleitus ( “ all is flux, nothing is stationery),
Democritus( one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory)
Socrates ( founder of dialectical method辩证法), Plato’s teacher
欧洲文化入门 英文 PPT
Division 1
Greek Culture &
Roman Culture
Greek Culture
The Historical Context
1200 B.C.
War between Greece and Troy
Add a third actor and decrease the size of the chorus.
Mainly about women; more of a realist; characters less heroic, more like ordinary people.
Strong impact on European literature. Some plots adopted by later writers. “the Oedipus complex”
Writer
Works
Tragedy/ Characteristics Comedy
Noted for
Aeschylus
Prometheus Bound,
(525-456 B.C.) Persians,
Agamemnon
Tragedy
Only two actors and a chorus; Written in verse
欧洲文化入门 名词解释
欧洲文化入门名词解释：
1． Pax Romana：In the Roman history ，there came two hundred years of peaceful time， which was
guaranteed(保证) by the Roman legions， it was known as
Pax Romana
2． The New Testament名词解释
The Bible was divided into two sections： the Old Testament and the New Testament. The New Testament is about the doctrine (教义) of Jesus Christ. The word “Testament” means “agreement”， the agreement between God and Man. 3．Pentateuch名词解释：The Old Testament consists of 39 books， the oldest and most important of which are the first five books， called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books： Genesis (创世记)， Exodus (出埃及记)， Leviticus(教义记)， Numbers (逃亡记)， Deuteronomy (摩西遗言记)。
欧洲文化入门Europe Culture3 The Middle Ages
Lecture 3: The Middle Ages
In European history， the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific，from the 5th century to 15th century. The transitional period is called the 17th century， between the middle ages and modern times.
knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called tournaments.(模拟战场)
2. The Church After 1054， the church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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the head of all Christian churches in western Europe.
The church set up a church court--- the inquisition to stamp out heresy.
a)Growth of feudalism
most of peasants became serfs (attacks from invaders and robbers---sought protection from powerful landowners--gave their land and freedom)
Manor and Church
1. Feudalism
Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding---a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.
People pay taxes to churches.
nobles and Kings often gave lands, crops or cattle to support the church.
Many high church officals were themselves big landowners and influencial nobles.
Kings, nobles and church officials worked together to rule the people.
Clergymen were the only teachers, as they were the best-educated men in their day.
very few peasants were freemen---workers (made ploughs, shod the horses, and made harnnesses) In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as reward for their service.
knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called tournaments.(模拟战场)
2. The Church After 1054， the church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
b) Church Fathers and Early Monasticism
St. Jerome
Augustine of Hippo
St. Benedict Benedictine Rule
c) the power and influence of the Catholic Church
under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants.
After a knight was successful in his trained and tournaments， there was always a special ceremony (选择) to award him with a title， knight. This special ceremony is called dubbing.
b)Manor : The centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords (农场主)。 By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.
a) Biblioteka Baiduhe organization of Church
The word “catholic” means “universal”
The Catholic Church was a highly centralized and disciplined international organization.
Medieval Castle
c) Knighthood and code of chivalry:
Almost all nobles were knights in the medieval days. But they had to experienced a long and hard training.
As a knight，he were pledged to protect the weak，to fight for the church， to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry， from which the western idea of good manners developed.