总复习 (一) 名词讲解与练习

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总复习 (一) 名词讲解与练习

Mr. Liu 2012-3-24

一、名词的数

名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词(个体名词和大多数集体名词)和不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)两种。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数两种形式;表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫不可数名词,一般不分单数和复数。

1、可数名词:个体名词都是可数名词。每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。

①. 单数表示"一个"的概念。用名词的单数时,名词前需加a 或an。如 a book)、a river、an apple、an orange等。

②. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pens、three days、three cities等。

(1)规则名词复数形式的构成:

①大多数名词在词尾加-s。(在清辅音后读[s],在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。)

例1:The teacher said we needed to choose three ______ for the school concert.(重庆2006)

A. farmers

B. doctors

C. drivers

D. singers

②以辅音字母+ y 结尾的名词把y 变成i , 加-es(读作[iz] city—cities) ,但专有名词例外,直接在y后加-s(读作[z] Germany—Germanys)。

例2:Many _______have been built in our city since 1987.

?? A.factorys B.Factories C.Factoryes D.factory

③以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词在词尾加–es(读作[iz])。

例3、How many _______ are there in the room ?

A.boxes B.box C.boxs D.boxxes

例4、His mother bought two _______yesterday.

A.brushs B.Brushse C.brushes D.brush

④以辅音字母+ o 结尾的名词一般直接加–es(读作[z]), 某些外来词例外,加-s (如zero, kilo, tobacco 等);以元音字母+ o 结尾的名词直接加–s(但读作[z])。

例5、There are lots of _______?in the basket on the table.

A.tomatos B.Tomato C.Tomatoss D.tomatoes

例6、Whose ______ are these?

?? A.photo B.Photoes C.photos D.photoss

⑤以 f 或fe 结尾的名词有的直接加–s(读作[z]);大多数要将 f 或fe 变为v, 再加-es(读作[z]);有些词两种形式都可以handkerchief--handkerchiefs--handkerchieves。

例7:This tree has green ________ throughout the year.

A. leaf

B. leafs

C. leave

D. leaves

(2)不规则变化:

①单数、复数形式相同如:deer—deer,sheep—sheep,fish—fish,Chinese—Chinese,people—people。

例8:Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.

A. sheeps

B. sheep

C. sheeps

D. the sheep

②改变单数名词中的元音字母如:foot—feet,man—men ,tooth—teeth,woman—women。例9:Several ___ are talking under the tree. And their ___ are swimming in the lake.

A. woman; children

B. woman; child

C. women; children

D. women; child

③含有man,woman的复合名词的变化如:Englishman—Englishmen,policewoman—policewomen, Frenchwoman— Frenchwomem,fisherman—fishermen.

④其他变化如:child—children ,mouse—mice。

例10:The cat caught two _______last night.

A.mouses B.Mice C.mouse D.mices

⑤有些词只有复数形式

A.某些由两个部分构成的物体的名词。如:trousers等。

B.某些通常以复数形式出现的名词。如:arms,clothes,goods,stairs等。

二、名词的格

英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:

1)单数名词词尾加's,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加's,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。

例11:—How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? — _________.

A. In five day’s time

B. In five days’ time

C. In five days time

D. For five days (答案:选B)

2)若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。

例12:—He may be back to the country in a few ______. — I hope the day to come!

A. month’s time

B. months time

C. months’ time

D. month time (答案:选C)

3)凡不能加's的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。

例13:—What do y ou know about the world’s population? (辽宁2005)

—I know China and India are the countries ______ more than one billion.

A. with a population of

B. with populations

C. that have populations of

D. which has a population of

4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。

例14:–You needn’t wait for Tom any longer. –He must be having supper at _____.

A. the Tell’s

B. the Tells’

C. the Tells

D. Tells

5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:John's and Mary's rooms(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)

例15:Yesterday evening we had a lovely praty at ______.

A. Peter and Helen's

B. Peter and Helens

C. Peter and Helen

D. Peter's and Helen's

三、名词作主语和谓语的一致

1、复数主语须用复数谓语,单数主语须用单数谓语。

例16:A man of words and not of deeds ______ a garden full of weed.

A.like B. Likes C. is like D. are like

解析:选C。因主语是A man(单数),―of words and not of deeds‖是主语的定语。

例17:A number of people in the developed cities______cars of their own.

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