总复习 (一) 名词讲解与练习
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
总复习 (一) 名词讲解与练习
Mr. Liu 2012-3-24
一、名词的数
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词(个体名词和大多数集体名词)和不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)两种。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数两种形式;表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫不可数名词,一般不分单数和复数。
1、可数名词:个体名词都是可数名词。每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
①. 单数表示"一个"的概念。用名词的单数时,名词前需加a 或an。如 a book)、a river、an apple、an orange等。
②. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pens、three days、three cities等。
(1)规则名词复数形式的构成:
①大多数名词在词尾加-s。(在清辅音后读[s],在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。)
例1:The teacher said we needed to choose three ______ for the school concert.(重庆2006)
A. farmers
B. doctors
C. drivers
D. singers
②以辅音字母+ y 结尾的名词把y 变成i , 加-es(读作[iz] city—cities) ,但专有名词例外,直接在y后加-s(读作[z] Germany—Germanys)。
例2:Many _______have been built in our city since 1987.
?? A.factorys B.Factories C.Factoryes D.factory
③以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词在词尾加–es(读作[iz])。
例3、How many _______ are there in the room ?
A.boxes B.box C.boxs D.boxxes
例4、His mother bought two _______yesterday.
A.brushs B.Brushse C.brushes D.brush
④以辅音字母+ o 结尾的名词一般直接加–es(读作[z]), 某些外来词例外,加-s (如zero, kilo, tobacco 等);以元音字母+ o 结尾的名词直接加–s(但读作[z])。
例5、There are lots of _______?in the basket on the table.
A.tomatos B.Tomato C.Tomatoss D.tomatoes
例6、Whose ______ are these?
?? A.photo B.Photoes C.photos D.photoss
⑤以 f 或fe 结尾的名词有的直接加–s(读作[z]);大多数要将 f 或fe 变为v, 再加-es(读作[z]);有些词两种形式都可以handkerchief--handkerchiefs--handkerchieves。
例7:This tree has green ________ throughout the year.
A. leaf
B. leafs
C. leave
D. leaves
(2)不规则变化:
①单数、复数形式相同如:deer—deer,sheep—sheep,fish—fish,Chinese—Chinese,people—people。
例8:Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.
A. sheeps
B. sheep
C. sheeps
D. the sheep
②改变单数名词中的元音字母如:foot—feet,man—men ,tooth—teeth,woman—women。例9:Several ___ are talking under the tree. And their ___ are swimming in the lake.
A. woman; children
B. woman; child
C. women; children
D. women; child
③含有man,woman的复合名词的变化如:Englishman—Englishmen,policewoman—policewomen, Frenchwoman— Frenchwomem,fisherman—fishermen.
④其他变化如:child—children ,mouse—mice。
例10:The cat caught two _______last night.
A.mouses B.Mice C.mouse D.mices
⑤有些词只有复数形式
A.某些由两个部分构成的物体的名词。如:trousers等。
B.某些通常以复数形式出现的名词。如:arms,clothes,goods,stairs等。
二、名词的格
英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:
1)单数名词词尾加's,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加's,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。
例11:—How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? — _________.
A. In five day’s time
B. In five days’ time
C. In five days time
D. For five days (答案:选B)
2)若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
例12:—He may be back to the country in a few ______. — I hope the day to come!
A. month’s time
B. months time
C. months’ time
D. month time (答案:选C)
3)凡不能加's的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
例13:—What do y ou know about the world’s population? (辽宁2005)
—I know China and India are the countries ______ more than one billion.
A. with a population of
B. with populations
C. that have populations of
D. which has a population of
4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。
例14:–You needn’t wait for Tom any longer. –He must be having supper at _____.
A. the Tell’s
B. the Tells’
C. the Tells
D. Tells
5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:John's and Mary's rooms(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)
例15:Yesterday evening we had a lovely praty at ______.
A. Peter and Helen's
B. Peter and Helens
C. Peter and Helen
D. Peter's and Helen's
三、名词作主语和谓语的一致
1、复数主语须用复数谓语,单数主语须用单数谓语。
例16:A man of words and not of deeds ______ a garden full of weed.
A.like B. Likes C. is like D. are like
解析:选C。因主语是A man(单数),―of words and not of deeds‖是主语的定语。
例17:A number of people in the developed cities______cars of their own.