通用版2021届高考英语强化训练01冠词考点详解含解析

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考点01 冠词

冠词是历年高考的必考点,对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法,高考中常见的考点如下:
① 冠词的泛指、特指
② 在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法
③ 固定搭配
④ a 和an的区别(2017新增)
预计2021年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主,以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现,它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。

一、不定冠词a, an辨析;
二、定冠词the的用法;
三、零冠词的用法;
四、含有冠词的词组辨析。
不定冠词
不定冠词
不定冠词有a和an。当不定冠词后面的那个词以辅音音素开头时,不定冠词用a,以元音音素开头时,用an。不定冠词多表示泛指。
1.泛指某类人或物(或其中的任何一个)、初次谈到或见到的人或物。这个用法是不定冠词考查的重点。
?—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.
—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.
2.表示“每一”,相当于every/per。
?I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
3.表示“一个”,相当于one。
?My sister sometimes has only an apple for dinner because she wants to be thin.
4. 用于专有名词前表示“某一个……”,相当于a certain;或属于某人的物品。
?—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.
5.用于序数词前表示“再一,又一”。
?She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.
6.用于动词转化的名词前,表示一次动作。
?Let’s go and have a look.
7. 用于一些固定搭配或固定短语中。这一点也是冠词常考的方面,考生应加强记忆。

a lot (of)
a little
a few
in a hurry
have a cold
make a face
a number of
a pair of
have a good time
have a swim=swim
have a walk=walk
have a look=look
have a talk=talk
as a result


【巧学妙记】







【典例】
1.(2020全国3 改错)For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.
【答案】the改成a
考查冠词。句意:例如:每天早晨,我的父亲不得不喝一碗鸡蛋汤,然而,我不得不吃一个苹果。泛指“一碗鸡蛋汤”,bowl以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,所以the改成a。
2. (2019全国II)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was _______ joke.
 【答案】a
【解析】句意:当我们 接到电话说她获得提名,我们还以为那只是是一个玩笑。这里表示泛指,应填不定冠词a。
3. He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get __________ second chance in the long jump.
 【答案】a
【解析】句意:他失去了这次跳

高的金牌,不过在跳远比赛中他还有机会。序数词前用不定冠词表示“另一(个),又一(个),a second chance意为“又一次机会”。
4.(2017全国II)As _________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
 【答案】a
 【解析】句意:结果,人们会吃更多的食物来尽量弥补失去的东西。as a result是固定词组,意为“结果”。

定冠词
定冠词the的用法
1. 用来特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。
?Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most
important one.
2. 指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。
?Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you.
3. 复述上文中提到的事物。
?There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new.
4. 用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。
?When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.
5. 序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。
?The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.
6. 用于复数姓氏之前, 表示"夫妇"或"全家"。
?The Whites settled down in Canada last year.去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
7. 表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。
?the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
8. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及些建筑物等
名称前。
?According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the
spread of AIDS.
9. 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。
?Many of the injured are still in danger.
许多受伤者仍处于危险中。
?the rich the poor, the old
the wounded the living the dead
10. 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
?the east 东部 play the piano 弹钢琴
【巧学妙记】







【典例】



3. (2019年全国1语法填空)Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
4.(2018年全国II)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】过去的25年里,玉米产量增长了125%,而大米只增长了7%。在过去的25年里是固定短语:in the past 25 years
5.(2017全国II)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over 6

4.________ top.
【答案】the
【解析】 the 考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。

零冠词
零冠词的三种基本用法
 (1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名、头衔、职务的名词前,一般不加冠词。
He will take over as general manager when Mr Smith retires.
 (2)表示季节、年份、日期、节日、假日和一日三餐的名词前,一般不加冠词。
We had bacon and eggs for breakfast.
 (3)表示学科、球类运动和棋牌类游戏的名词前不用冠词。
In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are optional.
 2. 零冠词的其他用法
 (1)系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词,但名词前若有形容词作定语时,则必须加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer.
She has turned a successful singer.
 (2)as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于句首,习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。
Child as/though she is, she plays the violin perfectly.
 (3)一人兼多种身份的情况,只在第一个名词前使用冠词,其他名词前不再使用冠词。
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
 (4)no与such连用时,such后的名词不用冠词。
There is no such thing as a free lunch.
 (5)表示泛指或一般概念的抽象名词前,即使有描绘性修饰词,仍不用冠词。
I like light music very much.
 注意:若表示特指,抽象名词前用定冠词。
I like the music of Mozart.
 (6)在通常情况下,专有名词前不用冠词。
Smith lives in London.
 注意:若表示特指,专有名词前有时也可以用定冠词。专有名词转化为普通名词,其前可用 a/an,表示某人或某人的一部作品、艺术品等。
 He is a Newton of today. 他是当代的牛顿。
 (7)在某些固定短语、习惯用法中,不用冠词。
 ① 成对使用的词, 如:father and son父子;hand in hand手拉手;back to back背靠背;from time to time有时;day in and day out日复一日。
 ② 介词短语,如:in advance提前;by chance碰巧;at ease自由自在;in general总的来说;in place在适当的位置;in case of万一,以防;at risk处境危险;in particular尤其,特别;on behalf of代表。
 ③ 动词短语,如:pay attention to注意;make fun of取笑;make sense讲得通,有意义;give way to让路,让步;give birth to产生,分娩;take place发生。
【巧学妙记】
 
零冠词用法口诀
下列情况应免冠,名词之前代词限;
专有名词不可数,学科球棋三餐饭;
复数名词表泛指,星月节日四季前;
颜色语种和国名,习语称呼及头衔。

含有冠词的词组辨析
有无冠词之差

英语中有不少词组,从形式看好像只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。
1. in front of 在……(外)的前面;in the front of在……(内)的前面
There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。(外)
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。(内)
2. in charge of 掌管、负责;in the charge of 在……负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。
3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时;at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。
They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁,边说边笑。
4. by day 白天、日间;by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。
5. take place 发生、举行;take the place (of) 代替、接替
When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的?
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家,电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。
6. in words 用语言;in a word 总之
Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。
In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之,我不相信你。
7. at times 有时、不时;at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。
Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。
8. little 少、不多的;a little 一些、一点儿
Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点,时间不多了。
Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急,你还有时间。
9. few 很少、几乎没有的;a few 有些、几个
He is a man of few words. 他是一个少言寡语的人。
Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子会阅读。
10. a most interesting 非常有趣的;the most interesting 最有趣的(形容词的最高级)
This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story of the three. 这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。
11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士;a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
a doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。
a doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。
12. a number of 许多、好些;the number of ……的数目(后面的谓语动词用单数)
A number of students are in the classroom. 许多学生在教室里。
The number of students in the classroom is forty. 教室里有40个学生。
【典例】
1.To save time, many students have _____________ lunch at school every day.

 A. a B. an C. / D. the
【答案】C
2.He is ________captain of the team. 他是球队队长。
A. a B. / C. an D. the
【答案】B


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