2018北京高考文科综合+英语真题与答案
2018 北京高考英语真题(含答案)
2018年高考英语真题卷（北京卷）一、单项填空1.（2018•北京）—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2.（2018•北京）_________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until3.（2018•北京）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4.（2018•北京）Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5.（2018•北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6.（2018•北京）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7.（2018•北京）China's high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8.（2018•北京）In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A.pressB.to pressC.pressingD.pressed9.（2018•北京）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10.（2018•北京）Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11.（2018•北京）Without his support, we wouldn't be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12.（2018•北京）In today's information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems fora company.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must13.（2018•北京）They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14.（2018•北京）—Good morning, Mr. Lee's office.—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15.（2018•北京）This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what二、完形填空16.（2018•北京）完形填空The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the 1 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 2 more remarkable.After spotting a 3 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 4 to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 5 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 6 it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 7 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were 8 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 9 .The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 10 .Mr. Anderson said：＂I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 11 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 12 he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 13 . It's unbelievable. It just proves there are 14 guys out there.＂Mr. Smith's act 15 much of the public's attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 16 about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 17 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown 18 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he's had job 19 and all sorts,＂Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 20 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.1. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort2. A. still B. even C. ever D. once3. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel4. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman5. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached6. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe7. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing8. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked9. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen10. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement11. A. when B. if C. where D. because12. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just13. A. too B. though C. again D. instead14. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous15. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew16. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard17. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn18. A. of B. at C. for D. in19. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications20. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge三、阅读理解17.（2018•北京）阅读理解AMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.（1）A month before the marathon, the author ____________.A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope（2）Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.（3）How was the author's first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.（4）What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.18.（2018•北京）阅读理解BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂downed＂pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at .（1）Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to spaceB. get an Aviation badge firstC. study the principles of flightD. build and fire model rockets（3）What is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership.B. Team spirit.C. Task planning.D. Survival skills.19.（2018•北京）阅读理解CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth canbreak down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.20.（2018•北京）阅读理解DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortablewith the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.（1）According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________. A. help deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to customers C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs（2）As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?A. Safety.B. Side effects.C. Affordability.D. Management. （3）What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed.B. Replaced.C. Shared.D. Reduced.（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.四、任务型阅读21.（2018•北京）任务型阅读Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ________ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.________ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ________ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.________Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.________However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger toappear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.五、书面表达22.（2018•北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。
2018北京市高考英语试题及答案解析
2018年高考英语试题(北京卷)一、单项填空一、单项填空21.——Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around? 21.—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just _________ on Monday. B. have started C. started D. had started A. start 22. _________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 23. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 24. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. D. had worked B. was working C. has worked A. is working 25. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which D. that B. who C as 26. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. C. having shared D. shared A. share B. to share 27. China's high-speed railways __ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. D. had grown A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow 28. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 29. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 30. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. C. using D. use A. used B. to use 31. Without his support, we wouldn't be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 32. In today's information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 33. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. B. would drive C. were to drive D. had drivenA. drove 34.——Good morning, Mr. Lee's office. 34.—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon . A. for B. on C. in D. at 35. This is _________ my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 二、完形填空二、完形填空The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source （来源）of temptation （诱惑）. But the 36 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 37 more remarkable. After spotting a 38 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 39 to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he 40 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact （联系）the driver, only to 41 it contained £400 in notes, with 400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 42 a note behind to let the owner know know it it it was was was safe. safe. safe. When When When the the the car's car's car's owner owner owner John John John Anderson Anderson Anderson and and and his his his colleague colleague colleague Carol Carol Carol Lawrence Lawrence returned to the car car——which was itself worth £35, 000000——in Glasgow city centre, they were 43 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 44 . The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 45 . Mr. Mr. Anderson Anderson Anderson said said ：＂I I couldn't couldn't couldn't believe believe believe that that that the the the guy guy guy never never never took took took a a a penny. penny. penny. To To To think think think he he he is is sleeping on the streets tonight 46 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 47 he didn't take the wallet for himself ；he thought about others 48 . It's unbelievable. It just proves there are 49 guys out there.＂ Mr. Smith's act 50 much of the public's attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 51 about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 52 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown 53 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he's had job 54 and all sorts,＂ Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 55 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 36. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 37. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 38. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 39. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 40. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 41. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 42. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 43. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 44. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen 45. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 46. A. when B. if C. where D. because 47. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 48. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 49. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 50. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew 51. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 52. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 53. A. of B. at C. for D. in 54. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 55. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge 三、阅读理解三、阅读理解AMy First Marathon（马拉松） A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂. The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂ By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21, I was starving! As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂. （56）A month before the marathon, the author ____________. A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope （57）Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year? A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory. （58）How was the author's first marathon? A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. （59）What does the story mainly tell us? A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. D. One is never too old to learn.C. Failure is the mother of success. B航空) CenterFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation( If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂downed＂pilot. With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task. All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7. Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone! For more details, please visit us online at . （60）Why do people come to SAC? A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation. D. To learn more about medicine. C. To get a degree in engineering. （61）To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to . B. get an Aviation badge first A. fly to space D. build and fire model rockets C. study the principles of flight （62）What is the most important for trainees? D. Survival skills. C. Task planning. A. Leadership. B. Team spirit. CPlastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 100 wax wax wax worms worms worms on on on a a a commercial commercial commercial polyethylene polyethylene polyethylene shopping shopping shopping bag bag bag for for for 12 12 12 hours, hours, hours, and and and the the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers researchers made made made some some some worms worms worms into into into paste(paste(糊状物) ) and and and applied applied applied it it it to to to plastic plastic plastic films. films. films. 14 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as as well, well, ＂she she explains, explains, ＂The The wax wax wax worm worm worm evolved evolved evolved a a a method method method or or or system system system to to to break break break this this bond. ＂ Jennifer Jennifer DeBruyn, DeBruyn, DeBruyn, a a a microbiologist microbiologist microbiologist at at at the the the University University University of of of Tennessee, Tennessee, Tennessee, who who who was was was not not involved involved in in in the the the study, study, says says it it it is is is not not not surprising surprising surprising that that that such such such worms worms worms can can can break break break down down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in in this one this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the c ause cause cause of the of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini Bertocchini agrees agrees agrees and and and hopes hopes hopes her her her team's team's team's findings findings findings might might might one one one day day day help help help employ employ employ the the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind kind of of of industrial industrial industrial process process process —— not not simply simply ＂millions millions of of of worms worms worms thrown thrown thrown on on on top top top of of of the the plastic.＂ （63）What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. （64）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed （65）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future （66）What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. C. To To To present present present a a a way way way to to to break break break down down down plastics. D. plastics. D. To To propose propose propose new new new means means means to to to keep keep eco-balance. DPreparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. （67）According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________. A.help deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to customers C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs （68）As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern? A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Affordability. D. Management. （69）What does the underlined word ＂fielded ＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced. （70）What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic. 四、任务型阅读四、任务型阅读Why Do We Get Angry? Anger Anger seems seems seems simple simple simple when when when we we we are are are feeling feeling feeling it, it, it, but but but the the the causes causes causes of of of anger anger anger are are are various. various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering （触发）events, personality traits （特征）（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___71_____ T riggering Triggering Triggering events events events for for for anger anger anger are are are so so so many many many that that that to to to describe describe describe them them them all all all would would would take take hundreds hundreds of of of pages. pages. pages. However, However, here here are are are some some some examples: examples: examples: being being being cut cut cut off off off in in in traffic, traffic, traffic, a a deadline deadline approaching, approaching, approaching, experiencing experiencing experiencing physical physical physical pain, pain, pain, and and and much much much more.____72____ more.____72____ more.____72____ The The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits. Each Each person, person, person, no no no matter matter matter who who who they they they are, are, are, has has has psychological psychological psychological imbalances. imbalances. imbalances. People People People who who have have personality traits that connect with competitiveness personality traits that connect with competitiveness and and low upset tolerance are low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ___73_____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. ____74____Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger anger itself. itself. itself. Sometimes Sometimes Sometimes ignorance ignorance ignorance and and and negative negative negative ((消极的) ) outlooks outlooks outlooks on on on situations situations situations can can create anger. ____75____However, ____75____However, anger anger can can can easily easily easily turn turn turn violent, violent, violent, and and and it it it is is is best best best to to to know know know the the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, mind, we we we can can can evaluate evaluate evaluate our our our level level level of of of anger anger anger throughout throughout throughout the the the day day day and and and prevent prevent prevent cases cases cases of of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E. E. Having Having Having these these these personality personality personality traits traits traits implies implies implies the the the pre-anger pre-anger pre-anger state, state, state, where where where anger anger anger is is is in in in the the background of your mind. F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 五、书面表达(一) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。
(完整word版)2018年北京英语高考试题(含答案)
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷)本试卷共14页,共120分.考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
学&科网第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分）第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, w e last met more than thirty years ago。
A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC。
In other words D。
Believe it or not答案是D.1. -Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around。
—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob。
I just _________ on Monday。
A。
start B. have started C。
started D. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. While C。
If D。
Until3。
_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A。
Travel B。
Traveling C. Having traveled D。
Traveled4。
Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A。
2018年高考英语真题(北京卷)含答案
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
?1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around_________ on Monday.—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I justA. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC.asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moonand enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use_________ we are now.11. Without his support, we wouldn’t beA. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. —Good morning, Mr. L ee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题 1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018 北高考英语真题(含答案)
2018年高考英语真题卷（北京卷）一、单项填空1.（2018•北京）—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2.（2018•北京）_________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until3.（2018•北京）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4.（2018•北京）Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5.（2018•北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6.（2018•北京）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7.（2018•北京）China's high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8.（2018•北京）In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A.pressB.to pressC.pressingD.pressed9.（2018•北京）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10.（2018•北京）Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11.（2018•北京）Without his support, we wouldn't be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12.（2018•北京）In today's information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems fora company.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must13.（2018•北京）They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14.（2018•北京）—Good morning, Mr. Lee's office.—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15.（2018•北京）This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what二、完形填空16.（2018•北京）完形填空The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the 1 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 2 more remarkable.After spotting a 3 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 4 to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 5 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 6 it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 7 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were 8 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 9 .The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 10 .Mr. Anderson said：＂I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 11 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 12 he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 13 . It's unbelievable. It just proves there are 14 guys out there.＂Mr. Smith's act 15 much of the public's attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 16 about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 17 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown 18 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he's had job 19 and all sorts,＂Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 20 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.1. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort2. A. still B. even C. ever D. once3. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel4. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman5. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached6. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe7. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing8. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked9. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen10. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement11. A. when B. if C. where D. because12. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just13. A. too B. though C. again D. instead14. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous15. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew16. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard17. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn18. A. of B. at C. for D. in19. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications20. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge三、阅读理解17.（2018•北京）阅读理解AMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.（1）A month before the marathon, the author ____________.A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope（2）Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.（3）How was the author's first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.（4）What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.18.（2018•北京）阅读理解BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂downed＂pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at .（1）Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to spaceB. get an Aviation badge firstC. study the principles of flightD. build and fire model rockets（3）What is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership.B. Team spirit.C. Task planning.D. Survival skills.19.（2018•北京）阅读理解CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth canbreak down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.20.（2018•北京）阅读理解DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortablewith the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.（1）According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________. A. help deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to customers C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs（2）As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?A. Safety.B. Side effects.C. Affordability.D. Management. （3）What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed.B. Replaced.C. Shared.D. Reduced.（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.四、任务型阅读21.（2018•北京）任务型阅读Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ________ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.________ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ________ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.________Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.________However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger toappear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.五、书面表达22.（2018•北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。
2018年北京高考英语试卷及答案
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）第一部分: 知识运用（共两节,45 分）第一节单项填空（共15小题; 每小题1分,共15分）从每题所给的A B C D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上: 将该项涂黑。
例：it's so nice to hear from her again ___ ,we last met more than thirty years ago.A. what's moreB. That 'sto sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1. -Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around ？-Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just ___ on Mon day.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. ___ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in theworld will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. ___ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewardingexperienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susa n had quit her well-paid job and ___ as a volun teer in the neighborhood. when I visited her last yearA. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fitA. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gathertogether ____ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China's high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the pastfewyears.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any un safe situati on, simply ______ the butt on and a highly-trai ned agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ___________ i n the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordi nary soap, _____ correctly, can deal with bacteriaeffectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we would n't be ___ w e are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today's in formatio n age, the loss of data __ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they __ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had drive n14. -Good morning, Mr. lee's office.-Good morning. I'd like to make an appo in tme nt ___n ext Wedn esday after noon.A. forB. onC. i nD. at15. This is ____ my father has taught me-to always face difficultiesand hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. theD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(精校版)2018年北京文综高考试题文档版(含答案)
绝密★本科目考试启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试（北京卷）本试卷共16页，共300分，考试时长150分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（选择题共140分）本部分共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
2018年4月，川藏铁路成都至雅安段开始铺轨。
读图1，回答第1-3题。
1．与成都相比，拉萨A．日出早，白昼长B．正午太阳高度角小C．海拔高，日照强D．大气逆辐射强2．图示区域A．地处板块的生长边界B．河流的流向自西向东C．自然景观为高寒荒漠D．跨地势第一、二级阶梯3．川藏铁路开通后，能够①缓解青藏铁路运输压力②改善西藏物资供应③消除区域内灾害的影响④促进地域文化交流A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④图2为某地的地质剖面示意图。
读图，回答第4题。
4．图中A．甲处的物质主要来源于地壳B．断层发生在花岗岩形成之后C．岩浆侵入可能导致乙处岩石变质D．丙处的溶洞景观由岩浆活动造成读图3，回答第5题。
5．四个大洲中，A．甲地形复杂多样，中低产田多，农业生产技术落后B．乙平原广，高纬地区受寒流影响强，港口封冻期长C．丙纬度跨度大，地形中部高四周低，是水稻主产区D．丁为高原大陆，人口自然增长率低，城市化水平高图4为北半球某日02时海平面气压分布图（单位:百帕）。
读图，回答第6、7题。
6．据图推断A．北京风速大，风向偏东南B．甲地可能出现强降水天气C．极地气温低，气压值最高D．热带太平洋洋面生成台风7．依据气压分布，该日最接近A．冬至B．小满C．夏至D．立秋随着汽车等工业产品的废弃量增加，主要利用废钢冶炼的电炉炼钢技术日渐普及。
图5示意国外某流域的钢铁厂分布。
读图，回答第8题。
8．甲、乙两类钢铁厂在区位选择上均靠近①铁矿②大城市③交通线路④钢铁消费地A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④在乡村振兴计划中，某行政村拟修建的村史馆和培训中心分别位于该村西南部和东北部。
2018年北京高考英语试卷及答案
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)1.-Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around？-Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just＿＿on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. ＿＿we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. ＿＿along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and ＿＿as a volunteer in the neighborhood. when I visited her last yearA. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fitA. whichB. whoC.asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together＿＿a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China's high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the pastfewyears.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply＿＿the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who＿＿in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, ＿＿correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn't be＿＿we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today's information age, the loss of data＿＿cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they＿＿a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14.-Good morning, Mr. lee's office.-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment＿＿next Wednesday afternoon.A. fo rB. onC. inD. at15. This is＿＿my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. theD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）.But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to 21 it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car-which was itself worth £35，000—in Glasgow city centre，they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 .The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 .Mr. Anderson said：“"I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 it’s unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.”Mr. smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money forMr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he's ha I job 34and all sorts, ”Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16.A. hopeB. aimC. urgeD. effort17.A. stillB. evenC. everD. once18.A. walletB. bagC. boxD. parcel19. A. partnerB. colleagueC. ownerD. policeman20.A. turnedB. hidC. steppedD. reached21.A. discoverB. collectC. checkD. believe22. A. takingB. leavingC. readingD. writing23.A. satisfiedB. excitedC. amusedD. shocked24. A. safeB. missingC. foundD. seen25A. serviceB. supportC. kindnessD. encouragement26. A. whenB. ifC. whereD. because27. A. ratherB. yetC. alreadyD. just28.A. tooB. thoughC. againD. instead29. A. honestB. politeC. richD. generous30. A. gaveB. paidC. castD. drew31. A. learnedB. postedC. caredD. heard32.A. borrowB. raiseC. saveD. earn33.A. of B. atC. forD. in34. A. detailsB. changesC. offersD. applications35. A. lessonB. adventureC. chanceD. challenge第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)AMy First Marathon(马拉松)a A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was“ not athletic”.The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was battle against attle against my own body and mind.A test of wills! myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the bThe night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带)became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted！At mile3, I passed a sign:“ GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving！As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself,, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a "marathon winner”.36. A month before the marathon, the author .A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. Lost hope37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.38. How was the author's first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空)Center If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.For the trainees，the programs also offer a great wayto earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-andland-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed" pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week--there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online at .40. Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to space.B. get an Aviation badge first.C. study the principles of flight.D. build and fire model rockets.42. What is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership.B. Team spirit.C. Task planning.D. Survival skills.CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. qSo far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, theresearchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic "Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is thereas well, "she explains. "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. "Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the causeof the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ theenzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future46. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict whendriverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordablemobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy- or even worsen- the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience evenleads fewer people to take public transport——an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride- hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations40%by2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of thecar-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，andmore affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.47. According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless carscan__________.A. help deal with transportation-related problemsB. provide better services to customersC. cause damage to our environmentD. make some people lose jobs48. As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？A. Safety.B. Side effects.C. Affordability.D. Management.49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？A. Employed.B. Replaced.C. Shared.D. Reduced.50. What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars？A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018年北京高考文科试题及答案(语、文数、英、文综)
北京高考文科试题汇编目录语文数学（文）英语文综2018年高考北京卷语文试题及答案一、本大题共8小题，共24分。
阅读下面的材料，完成1—7题。
材料一当年，科学技术的巨大进步推动了人工智能的迅猛发展，人工智能成了全球产业界、学术界的高频词。
有研究者将人工智能定义为：对一种通过计算机实现人脑思维结果，能从环境中获取感知并执行行动的智能体的描述和构建。
人工智能并不是新鲜事物。
20世纪中叶，“机器思维”就已出现在这个世界上。
1936年，英国数学家阿兰•麦席森•图灵从模拟人类思考和证明的过程入手，提出利用机器执行逻辑代码来模拟人类的各种计算和逻辑思维过程的设想。
1950年，他发表了《计算机器与智能》一文，提出了判断机器是否具有智能的标准，即“图灵测试”。
“图灵测试”是指一台机器如果能在5分钟内回答由人类测试者提出的一系列问题，且超过30%的回答让测试者误认为是人类所答，那么就可以认为这机器具有智能。
20世纪80年代，美国哲学家约翰•希尔勒教授用“中文房间”的思维实验，表达了对“智能”的不同思考。
一个不懂中文只会说英语的人被关在一个封闭的房间里，他只有铅笔、纸张和一大本指导手册，不时会有画着陌生符号的纸张被递进来。
被测试者只能通过阅读指导手册找寻对应指令来分析这些符号。
之后，他向屋外的人交出一份同样写满符号的答卷。
被测试者全程都不知道，其实这些纸上用来记录问题和答案的符号是中文。
他完全不懂中文，但他的回答是完全正确的。
上述过程中，被测试者代表计算机，他所经历的也正是计算机的工作内容，即遵循规则，操控符号。
“中文房间”实验说明，看起来完全智能的计算机程序其实根本不理解自身处理的各种信息。
希尔勒认为，如果机器有“智能”，就意味着它具有理解能力。
既然机器没有理解能力，那么所谓的“让机器拥有人类智能”的说法就是无稽之谈了。
在人工智能研究领域中，不同学派的科学家对“何为智能”的理解不尽相同。
符号主义学派认为“智能”的实质就是具体问题的求解能力，他们会为所设想的智能机器规划好不同的问题求解路径，运用形式推理和数理逻辑的方法，让计算机模仿人类思维进行决策和推理。
2018北京高考英语试题及答案（完整版）【3】
2018北京高考英语试题及答案（完整版）【3】2018北京高考英语答案：第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)1. C2. C3. B4. B5. A6. B7. B8. A9. D 10. A11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，共39分)16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)第一节 (15分)Dear Jim,I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.I sincerely hope your dream wi ll come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. Ifyou have further questions, please feel free to let me know.Yours,Li Hua第二节 (20分)Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.zxxkOn arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.。
2018北京市高考英语试卷和答案
2018北京市高考英语试卷和答案D13. They might have found a better hotel if they ______ a few morekilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. - Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.- Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment ______ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is ______ my father has taught me — to always facedifficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，共30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑). But the ______ (16) would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith ______ (17) more remarkable.After spotting a ______ (18) on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the ______ (19) to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he ______ (20) inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact (联系) the driver, only to ______ (21) it contained £400 in notes, with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after ______ (22) a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car — which was itself worth £35,000 —in Glasgow city centre, they were ______ (23) to find twopolicemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was ______ (24).The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his ______ (25).Mr. Anderson said:“I c ouldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight ______ (26) he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and ______ (27) he didn’t take the wallet for himself; he thought about others ______ (28). It’s u nbelievable. It just proves there are ______ (29) guys out there.”Mr. Smith’s act ______ (30) much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson ______ (31) about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to ______ (32) money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown ______ (33) him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job ______ (34) and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing ______ (35). The story once again tells us that one good turn deservesanother.16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen25. A. service B. supportC. kindnessD. encouragement26. A. when B. if C. where D. because27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn33. A. of B. at C. for D. in34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题2 分，共30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018年北京高考英语真题及答案
2018年北京高考英语真题及答案本试卷共14页，共120分。
考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirt y years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC.asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s information age, th e loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. —G ood morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018北京市高考英语试卷和答案
2018年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例: It’s so nice to hear from her again. ______, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1. - Hi, I’m P eter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.- Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just ______ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. ______ we don’t stop climate change, many animals andplants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. ______ along the old Silk Road is an interesting andrewarding experience.A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and ______ as a volunteerin the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, ______ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gathertogether ______ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. C hina’s high-speed railways ______ from 9,000 to 25,000kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply ______ the button and a highly- trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, ______ correctly, can dealwith bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be ______ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s information age, the loss of data ______ causeserious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they ______ a few morekilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. - Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.- Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment ______ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is ______ my father hastaught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018年北京高考英语试卷及答案.doc
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。
例： it's so nice to hear from her again＿＿，we last met more than thirty years ago.A. what's moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1.-Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around？-Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just＿＿on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. ＿＿we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. If3. ＿＿along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and ＿＿as a volunteer in the neighborhood. whenI visited her last yearA. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fitA. whichB. whoC.asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together＿＿a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having shared7. China's high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the pastfew years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply＿＿the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who＿＿in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, ＿＿correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. using11. Without his support, we wouldn't be＿＿we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today's information age, the loss of data＿＿cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they＿＿a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14.-Good morning, Mr. lee's office.-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment＿＿next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. in15. This is＿＿my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. theD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018年高考英语试题(北京卷)word+答案
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。
1. ---Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around？---Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just＿＿on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. __________we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. __________along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________as a volunteer in the neighborhood. when I visited her last yearA. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, __________ helps them keep fitA. whichB. whoC. asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together__________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China’s high-speed railways __________from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply ________the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __________in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, __________correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be__________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s information age, the loss of data __________cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they＿＿a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. ---Good morning, Mr. lee’s office.---Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment __________next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is__________my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. theD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(北京卷,含答案)
高考提醒一轮看功夫，二轮看水平，三轮看士气梳理考纲，进一步明确高考考什么！梳理高考题，进一步明确怎么考！梳理教材和笔记，进一步明确重难点！梳理错题本，进一步明确薄弱点！抓住中低档试题。
既可以突出重点又可以提高复习信心，效率和效益也会双丰收。
少做、不做难题，努力避免“心理饱和”现象的加剧。
保持平常心，顺其自然2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（北京卷）（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例： I t’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. W hat’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, ma ny animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC.asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admirethe moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. —Good morning, Mr. L ee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appo intment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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2018北京高考文科综合真题与答案第一部分（选择题共140分）本部分共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
2018年4月，川藏铁路成都至雅安段开始铺轨。
读图1，回答第1-3题。
1．与成都相比，拉萨A．日出早白昼长B．正午太阳高度角小C．海拔高，日照强D．大气逆辐射强2．图示区域A．地处板块的生长边界B．河流的流向自西向东C．自然景观为高寒荒漠D．跨地势第一、二级阶梯3．川藏铁路开通后，能够①缓解青藏铁路运输压力②改善西藏物资供应③消除区域内灾害的影响④促进地域文化交流A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④图2为地的地质平面示意图，读图，回答第4题。
4．图中A．甲处的物质主要来源于地壳B．断层发生在花岗岩形成之后C．岩浆侵入可能导致乙处岩石变质D．丙处的溶洞景观由岩浆活动造成读图3，回答第5题。
5．四个大洲中，A．甲地形复杂多样，中低产田多，农业生产技术落后B．乙平原广，高纬地区受寒流影响强，港口封冻期长C．丙纬度跨度大，地形中部高四周低，是水稻主产区D．丁为高原大陆，人口自然增长率低，城市化水平高图4为北半球某日02时海平面气压分布图（单位:百帕），读图，回答第6、7题。
6．据图推断A．北京风速大，风向偏东南B．甲地可能出现强降水天气C．极地气温低，气压值最高D．热带太平洋洋面生成台风7．依据气压分布，该日最接近A．冬至B．小满C．夏至D．立秋随着汽车等工业产品的废弃量增加，主要利用废钢冶炼的电炉炼钢技术日渐普及。
图5示意国外某流域的钢铁厂分布，读图，回答第8题。
8．甲、乙两类钢铁厂在区位选择上均靠近①铁矿②大城市③交通线路④钢铁消费量A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④在乡村振兴计划中某行政村拟修建的村史馆和培训中心分别位于该村西南部和东北部。
该村东西宽2千米，南北长1千米，主干道从南向北穿过河流自东向西流经该村。
读图6，回答第9题。
9．与上述信息相符的是A．甲B．乙C．丙D．丁城市某区域土地利用强度，可以用建设用地面积占该区城土地面积的比值表示。
读图7，回答第10、11题。
10．该城市A．I区高档写字楼密度大B．II区适宜建垃圾填埋场C．Ⅲ区商业网点最为密集D．IV区城市热岛效应最强11．甲处土地利用强度增大，最可能的原因是A．建设民俗博物馆B．划定耕地保护区C．增加种植业投入D．扩大卫星城规模12．“王”字在甲骨文中是一把斧头的形象，象征军事首领的征伐权利，战国时期，孟子认为，“以力假仁者霸……以德行仁者王”，他的观点A．与甲骨文“王”字的本义一致B．是“无为而治”的理论依据C．体现出儒家强调教化的政治理念D．奠定了宗法制度的思想基础C．呼吁世界列强承担保护弱国的责任D．鼓动中国民众推翻清政府残暴统治17．国民革命失败后，苏共领导人曾认为，中国红军不可能在农村有所作为，只能等待时机配合城市工人暴动。
但是，毛泽东成功探索出一条中国革命的独持道路。
对这一探索历程表述准确的是A．南昌起义→遵义会议→《星星之火，可以燎原》B．中共“七大”→“工农武装割据”→敌后游击战C．秋收起义→“工农武装割据”一中共“七大”D．遵义会议→井冈山道路→《论持久战》18．图8取材于1945年一幅名为《端赖合作》的漫画，该漫画反映出A．国共联合进行淞沪会战，抵抗日军进攻B．《双十协定》是重庆政治协商会议的成果C．重庆谈判后抗日民族统一战线得以建立D．抗战胜利前后国人对和平前景充满期盼19．抗美援朝战争进入对峙阶段后，1951年6月，苏联提议，五大国（苏联、法国、英国、美国、中华人民共和国）缔结和平公约，新中国政府也表示，如今国际上任何重大问题，如果没有苏联和新中国参加都无法解决。
随后，美国同意和谈。
这表明A．抗美援朝极大地提高了新中国的国际地位B．社会主义阵营放弃与西方国家的冷战对峙C．上述五大国在联合国中开始发挥决定作用D．五大国缔结和约，实现了朝鲜半岛的统一20．民主选举是古代雅典政治的特色。
为确保参政机会均等，有些职位甚至通过抽签产生但对于三列桨战舰舰长和许多公共文化活动主管等职位，则指定由最富有阶层的人轮流担任，且自己负担全部费用，雅典的这些举措A．引发了贫富之间的对立B．说明其文化事业不发达C．有助于社会及政治稳定D．实现了绝对平等的理念21．明治维新前，日本只有贵族和武士才有姓，19世纪70年代，为便于征兵、征税和编制户籍，明治政府规定“凡国民，必须取姓”，这样做的主要目的是A．推动国民平等，加强对百姓的管理B．引进西方生活方式，促进文明开化C．实行废蕃置县，强化中央集权D．鼓励殖产兴业，实现富国强兵22．读图9，下列选项能够正确反映美国政府财政盈亏及其原因的是A．“马歇尔计划”从欧洲吸引援助使美国财政盈余B．古巴导弹危机的紧张局势给美国财政造成赤字C．美国人首次登上月球，给美国财政带来了盈余D．美国深陷越南战争的泥潭，给政府造成了赤字23．1956年7月，印度、埃及和南斯拉夫共同发表宣言，反对“把世界分为强有力的国家集团”，该宣言A．成为亚太经合组织的指导方针B．奠定了不结盟运动的政治基础C．推动了北大西洋公约组织的成立D．促成了国际货币基金组织的建立24．每年三四月间，居庸关长城附近山花盛放。
市郊铁路S2线列车穿行于花海中，被称为“开往春大的列车”，吸引了大量踏青的游客，游客的涌入给森林消防和轨道交通带来了安全隐患，当地政府采取封山禁入措施，但效果不理想，于是转变思路，变堵为疏，着手规划建设花海列车观景平台。
这一做法①履行了政府的市场监管职能，有利于建立良好市场秩序②自觉运用矛盾观点，创造条件，将风险点转化为共赢点③有利于满足人们的精神文化需求，带动当地旅游业发展④有利于开发该线路的经济价值，说明文化的力量来自于经济A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④25．山脊上，代表中华悠久文化的长城蜿蜒曲折：山腰间，詹天佑创造性设计的“人”字形铁路折回而上；地表下，运用当代中国先进技术建造的京张高铁穿行向前。
为避免破坏沿线文物和环境，京张高铁建设者采用“精准微爆破”等所技术，在地下100多米建造隧道，做到施工地表零沉降，实现了高铁与环境和谐共存。
下列分析正确的是A．京张高铁与“人”字形铁路是新旧事物的关系B．工程设计与施工水平的提高说明实践活动具有社会历史性C．建设者的创新意识是高铁成功建设的首要前提D．高铁与环境和谐共存体现了矛盾同一性是推动事物发展的动力26．万古奔腾的长江，孕育着源远流长的中华文明，为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河，《长江万里图》的创作①体现了自然性与人文性的统一之间是本质的必然的联系②借窗生景的设计体现了征服自然的天人合一理念③窗与景、景与诗、诗与情的交融体现了人的创造性④窗的设计体现了内与外、近与远、有限与无限的和谐统一离被大大拉近。
”如今，这类服务随处可见，被趣称为“懒人经济”。
下列分析正确的有①社会分工细化，满足多样化需求②扩大相关服务交易规模，促进就业④增加享受资料支出，助长非理性消费④增加相关商品的生产成本，提高价格A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④30．近年来，北京打响蓝天保卫战，主要大气污染物排放量呈下降趋势，空气质量明显好转，下列分析正确的有：①清洁空气具有公共物品属性，需要政府干预②政府干预提高了排放者所承担的成本③市场自发调节作用和自然界自净能力增强④空气产权难以界定清晰，减少了污染物的排放量A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④31．如图13所示，航空公司通常会给预订时间早的机票较大折扣，下列分析正确的是A．机票折扣的目的在于乘客数量的最大化B．机票价格的市场调节具有一定的滞后性C．预订机票早的乘客的需求价格弹性较大D．航空公司预收机票款获得的投资收益高32．人民币国际化是指人民币越出国界，在境外流通，成为国际上普遍接受的计价、结算及储备货币，这对我国经济的影响是A．强化人民币支付职能，弱化贮藏职能B．减少国内货币供给，降低物价水平C．提高国内货币政策的灵活性和效果D．增加境外人民币需求，利于扩大进口33．“群众家门口的事群众说了算”，北京某街道办事处开发了一款手机小程序，居民有什么意见建议，都可以在上面畅所欲言，相关部门可以通过大数据对居民意见实时查看和归类，为街道规划设计和管理提供依据。
该街道办事处的做法A．激发社区活力，保障居民决策权有效行使B．创新社区参与途径，利于满足群众的诉求C．提供了交流平台，保证居民有效行使质询权D．扩大了公民权利，利于意见表达和集中民智34．云梦秦简出土于湖北省云梦县睡虎地秦墓，其中的《为吏之道》记载了“吏有五善”，一日忠信敬上，二日清廉毋谤，三曰举事审当，四曰喜为善行，五日恭敬多让。
《为吏之道》的“五善”①说明权力的行使应审慎、谦抑②说明公职人员应注重道德修养③说明自律是有效制约权力的关键④对加强党员干部队伍建设具有借鉴意义A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④35．下列描述中，符合该国政治体制运作规则的是A．法国议会通过对政府的不信任案，总统和内阁集体辞职B．法国议会通过一项重大外交政策，交由总理内阁实施C．英国首相宣布解散议会，提前举行议会大选D．英国脱欧进程中的重大决议由英国首相决定第一部分（非选择题共160分）36．（36分）在全球化背景下，中国与多米尼加等拉丁美洲国家的经济交流合作不断深化，读图16，回答下列问题。
）列举该国主要交通运输方式，任选其一概述分布特点。
（8分）多米尼加动植物种类丰富，东北部海域为大西洋座头鲸的洄游区。
中部山区的植物达数千种，西南部湖泊是世界著名鳄鱼保护区。
学科.网）说明多米尼加生物多样性丰富的原因。
（8分）希马尼东北的恩里基约湖为咸水湖。
）分析气候对该湖泊水位和盐度季节变化的影响。
（10分）多米尼加自然环境优美，经济以农业为主，全国半数人口从事农业生产。
为满足全球对有机农产品的需求，该国增加有机香蕉的种植面积，设立环境监测、质量保障等管理机构，加大投入，提高有机香蕉的产量和品质。
）概括该国生产有机香蕉的社会经济条件。
（10分）分）史学：历史与现实的对话材料一《春秋》是我国现存最早的编年体史书，记载了鲁国及各诸侯国二百余年的历史，内容以诸不变的初心不忘初心，方得始终。
中国共产党人的初心和使命，就是为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。
中国共产党始终坚持人民立场；坚持人民主体地位，虚心向人民学习，倾听人民呼声，汲取人民智慧，把人民拥护不拥护、赞成不赞成，高兴不高兴，答应不答应作为衡量一切工作得失的根本标准，着力解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，让全体中国人民和中华儿女在实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中共享幸福和荣光。