adv.的用法

when，while一．1.I was just reading a book when she came into my room.2. Were you writing when the teacher came in?3. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.二.1. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.2. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.三.1. While they were talking , the bell rang.2.I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterdayevening.attention1)Peter came in while /as I was watching TVI was watching TV when Peter came in.2)He came in when/ as I was going to bed.3)As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.I came in while he was reading an interesting book in his room.For example:I was watching TV when she called.∙When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.∙What were you doing when the earthquake started?∙You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.∙Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.∙A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?B: I was snowboarding.∙While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.∙While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.Examples:∙I was studying while he was making dinner.∙While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.∙Were you listening while he was talking?∙I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.∙What were you doing while you were waiting?∙Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.∙They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.∙While vs. WhenClauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not completesentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping"and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study theexamples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.Examples:∙I was studying when she called.∙While I was studying, she called.REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed VerbsIt is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in anycontinuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must useSimple Past.ADVERB PLACEMENTThe examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples:∙You were just studying when she called.∙Were you just studying when she called?∙He swims well, (after the main verb)∙He ran... rapidly, slowly, quickly..∙She spoke...softly, loudly, aggressively..∙James coughed loudly to attract her attention.∙He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object)∙He ate the chocolate cake greedily.BE CAREFUL!The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object:Examples∙He ate greedily the chocolate cake [incorrect]∙He ate the chocolate cake greedily[correct]after the main verb:∙I looked everywhere∙John looked away, up, down, around...∙I'm going home, out, back∙Come inafter the object:∙∙They built a house nearby∙She took the child outside∙It's in here (= come with me to see it)There means away from, or not with the speaker:∙Put it there (= away from me)∙It's in there (= go by yourself to see it)NOTE: most common adverbs of place also function as prepositions. Examplesabout, across, along, around, behind, by, down, in, off, on, over, round, through, under, up.∙add -er or -est to short adverbs:Adverb Comparative Superlativehard late fast hard erlat erfast erthe hard estthe lat estthe fast estExamples∙Jim works harder than his brother.∙Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.RuleWith adverbs ending in -ly, use more for the comparative and most for the superlative:Adverb Comparative Superlativequietly slowly seriously more quiet lymore slow lymore serious lymost quiet lymost slow lymost serious lyExamples∙The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.∙Could you sing more quietly please?RuleSome adverbs have irregular comparative forms:Adverb Comparative Superlativebadly far little well worsefarther/furtherlessbetterworstfarthest/furthestleastbestADVERBS: How adverbs are formedRules1. In most cases, an adverb is formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective: Adjective Adverbcheap quick slow cheaply quickly slowlyExamples∙Time goes quickly.∙He walked slowly to the door.∙She certainly had an interesting life.∙He carefully picked up the sleeping child.RulesIf the adjective ends in '-y', replace the 'y' with 'i' and add '-ly': Adjective Adverbeasy angry happy lucky easily angrily happily luckilyIf the adjective ends in -'able', '-ible', or '-le', replace the '-e' with '-y': Adjective Adverbprobable terrible gentle probably terribly gentlyIf the adjective ends in '-ic', add '-ally': Adjective Adverbbasic economic tragic basically economically tragicallyNote: Exception:public - publicly2. Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective:Adjective and Adverbearly fast hard high late near straight wrongCompare:∙It is a fast car.∙He drives very fast.∙This is a hard exercise.∙He works hard.∙We saw many high buildings.∙The bird flew high in the sky.3. 'Well' and 'good''Well' is the adverb that corresponds to the adjective 'good'.Examples∙He is a good student.∙He studies well.∙She is a good pianist.∙She plays the piano well.∙They are good swimmers.∙They swim well.Common adverbs of degree:Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely.Adverbs of degree are usually placed:.before the adjective or adverb they are modifying:e.g. The water was extremely cold..before the main verb:e.g. He was just leaving. She has almost finished.Examples∙She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.∙They are completely exhausted from the trip.∙I am too tired to go out tonight.∙He hardly noticed what she was saying.Enough, very, tooEnough as an adverb meaning 'to the necessary degree' goes after adjectives and adverbs.fore nouns, and means 'as much as is necessary'. In this case it is not an adverb, but a 'determiner'.Examples∙We have enough bread.∙They don't have enough food.Too as an adverb meaning 'more than is necessary or useful' goes before adjectives and adverbs, e.g.∙This coffee is too hot. (adjective)∙He works too hard. (adverb)Enough and too with adjectives can be followed by 'for someone/something'. Examples∙The dress was big enough for me.∙She's not experienced enough for this job.∙The coffee was too hot for me.∙The dress was too small for her.There is enough food for everyone.There is food enough for everyoneThe boy runs fast enough to broke his teethI don't know him well enoughClose -- If you are cold, close the window.Zacharias heard the door close.I shared a house with a close friend from school.Your son is playing close in.He is sitting close to meThey crowded more closely around the broken carClosely -----1. -We are banded together closely.2. If you look closely at many of the problems in society, you'll seeevidence of racial discriminatiLate---His river novel was written late in life.We can also use 'to + infinitive' after enough and too with adjectives/adverb. Examples∙The coffee was too hot to drink.∙He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.∙She's not old enough to get married.∙You're too young to have grandchildren!How long how often how soon how farHard hardlyMuch too too muchToo as well also eitherAlready yet stillGood bad little farHe can hardly understand you。